故宫英语导游词范文【20篇】

大家好，我是本次迪斯尼乐园的导游。我姓李，大家可以叫我小李。现在大家乘坐的是迪斯尼专线，本专线将在1小时候到达香港迪斯尼乐园，途中我会为大家做一些有关迪斯尼的介绍。

香港迪斯尼乐园是一个老少皆宜的童话王国，主要分为：明日世界、探险世界和幻想世界，这三个世界适宜的人群也不一样，下面就来听听你适合哪个世界吧!明日世界时一个充满刺激，变化莫测的游戏王国，它的代表游乐设施就是飞越太空山。飞越太空山又被称作“室内过山车”，乘客在车厢的整个旅途只有不到20秒的时间，可以看到亮光，其余全在黑暗中度过，太空车直上、直下、忽左、忽右，让许多乘客流连忘返;探险世界是一个与充满神秘的地方，丛林历险是探险世界最有趣味性的游戏，乘客们坐在船上，可以看到许多动物，喷水的象宝宝、伺机吃人的食人鱼、晒日光浴的大猩猩，通过船长风趣的讲述，乘客们会通过重重难关，最终到达终点泰山的木屋;幻想世界是每个喜欢童话的人必须要去的地方，那里的有了设施虽然不是很刺激、很神秘，但那是卡通人物的集结地，可以跟它们一起合影留念。对了，还要提醒大家，在整点的时候还会有迪斯尼人物表演的节目哟!下午3点和晚上7点分别有迪斯尼大巡游和星梦奇缘烟花表演。

现在到站了，大家赶快去尽情畅游童话王国吧!

Located in the southeast of Dayan Pagoda, Tang Furong garden was built onthe original Tang Dynasty Royal Furong garden site. Today, it has the largestimitation Tang architecture group in China. Come here to enjoy the magnificentimitation Tang architecture, the beautiful scenery set off by the lights, andthe song and dance dream back to the Tang Dynasty with the style of theprosperous Tang Dynasty.

Taking Furong Lake as the geographical center, Tang Furong garden issurrounded by many scenic spots such as ziyunlou, Luyu tea house and FengmingJiutian theater. The park is further divided into 12 cultural theme areas, whichrepresent the splendid civilization of the Tang Dynasty from the aspects ofemperors, poetry, folk, food, singing and dancing.

The night scene in the garden is also very bright. When the night falls andthe lights begin to shine, you can see the splendid Tang culture corridor,Fanglin garden, Ziyun building and other places. Against the moonlight andlights, Tang Furong garden is more elegant.

There will also be wonderful performances in the park, including Qitiandrum dance, "Jiaofang music and dance" palace performance, "Yanying nishang"costume performance, etc. The worlds largest water screen movie, staged everynight in the north square of ziyunlou, will bring you a new three-dimensionalshock. And the large-scale dance drama "dream back to the Tang Dynasty" stagedin Fengming Jiutian theater is a music and dance performance integrating thestyle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the essence of song and dance. For moreperformances, please refer to the official website.

To visit Furong garden, it is recommended to enter the garden from the westgate (also known as yuyuanmen). After entering the garden, follow the lakesidepath and circle the Furong Lake clockwise to visit various scenic spots. In theevening, I went back to the Fengming Jiutian theater near the south gate toenjoy the dream of the Tang Dynasty. In the evening, I watched the water curtainmovie in the ziyunlou square to the north of the theater.

各位朋友大家好，欢迎来到莲花佛国——九华山旅游，我是安徽旅行社导游王萍，大家可以叫我小王或者王导，坐在旁边的是司机吴师傅，他有着多年的驾驶经验，坐他的车大家可以尽管放心。接下来的几天就有我们为大家服务。我们会尽自己最大的努力给大家带去最好的服务，希望大家有一个开开心心的九华山之旅 ，现在呢我先想大家介绍一下我们九华山的概况：

九华山位于安徽省青阳县境内，是我国重点风景名胜区，国家5A级景区，它与山西的五台山，四川的峨眉山，浙江普陀山并称中国四大佛教名山。其中五台山是文殊菩萨的道场，峨眉山是普贤菩萨的道场，普陀山是观音菩萨的道场，而我们九华山呢是地藏菩萨的道场。九华山原来叫九子山，因为九华山大大小小有99座山峰，有九座山峰特别突出，所以称为九子山，后来呢诗仙李白来九华山游玩，看到层峦叠翠的山峰，写下了“妙有分二气，灵山开九华”的诗句，后来人们就将九子山改名为九华山。在唐朝开元年间，新罗国王说着说着咱们已经到了，现在我们准备下车，请大家带好随身物品，不要将自己的贵重物品落在车上了，等一下我们吴师傅会替我们关好车门窗，还要请大家记住我们大巴的车牌号、颜色及停车地点。

来了这佛教圣地，当然要感受一下佛的仙气，那么，今天我们就先从这寺院最多的九华街景区开始吧，进入九华街景区，映入眼帘的是一座石门坊。他是由大理石雕刻而成的，高九米，大家请抬头看下，横额上刻着“九华圣境”四个大字，这可是康熙皇帝手笔哦!过了门坊，下面大家看到的就是迎仙桥了，这座桥修建于乾隆年间，大家随我一起踏上这古桥，我们一起步入仙境之中吧!

大家看，过了桥正对着我们的就是祗园寺了。他是国家重点寺院，是九华山唯一一座宫殿式庙宇，规模在九华山四大丛林里是最大的。它由山门、天王殿，大雄宝殿，客堂，讲堂和藏经楼等十多座单体建筑组成。各位游客请注意看下这山门，大家有没有发现它偏离了大殿的中轴线?大家知道为什么吗?因为啊!歪置山门可是有讲究的，一来是为了避邪，二来是门朝着开山祖寺化城寺。在进入寺庙之前，大家要注意以下几点：一是在走进寺庙的时候要一脚跨过门槛，寺庙的门槛是佛祖的肩膀，大家一定不要踩下去，二是不要在里面大声喧哗或是将红尘的笑话带入寺庙中，三是请大家不要随意触碰僧人的法器。

下面大家就随我一起走进祗园寺去领略它独有的魅力吧!我们现在的位置是天王殿，大殿的两边，供奉着四大天王塑像。

好的，各位游客朋友请跟紧小王，注意脚下，由天王殿向外走，就来到了大雄宝殿。这里供奉着三尊身高12米的大佛，中间的是释迦牟尼，两边分别是阿弥陀佛和药师佛，而大殿两边上，想必大家一定都猜到了，对!供置着的就是十八罗汉塑像。大家再随我往后走，大殿后侧呢，供奉着的是文殊、普贤菩萨坐像。 这幅“海岛观音”大型立体浮雕，是雕在释迦牟尼佛像背后的，这是一幅浓缩中国佛教诸佛菩萨的全图。

好的，后面的朋友请跟上，紧随我们的队伍，出了祗园寺，我们就来到了化城寺，化城寺是九华山的开山祖寺。我们给大家半个小时的时间参观游览，半小时候我们原地集合!

美好的时光总是那么短暂，我们这次的九华山之旅也要画上圆满的句号，小王心中万分不舍!谢谢你们一路来的支持与配合，小王在最后祝大家在以后的生活和工作中事事顺心，万事如意!

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to Fuling Baiheliang underwater Museum. Im your tourguide this time. You can call me Xiao Huang. Im very glad to have theopportunity to serve you. I hope the charming white crane beam and my servicecan bring you an easy booking journey.

Now Id like to introduce the general situation of Baiheliang. FulingBaiheliang is located in the north of Fuling District, Chongqing, on the Bank ofthe Yangtze River. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit, ahistorical and cultural cultural cultural scenic spot, and a natural rock andsand beam in the vast river. The total length of the stone beam is 1600 meters,with an average width of 15 meters. There are 165 inscriptions, 18 stone fish,two Guanyin statues and a pair of white cranes. They are mainly distributed onthe middle stone beam with a length of 220 meters. Known as "the worlds firstancient hydrological station", underwater stele forest. The inscriptions are notunderwater all the year round. They only come out of the water when the river isdry in winter and spring. However, due to the high water storage of the ThreeGorges, in order to prevent Baiheliang from submerging in the water, theunderwater museum was built in February 20__ to protect the inscription, and wascompleted at the end of 20__.

Baiheliang is called baziliang. As for the origin of its name, it is saidthat the white crane group gathered on the beam and got its name. It is alsosaid that the immortal Er Zhu of the Tang Dynasty practiced here, and later gotthe way and went west by crane, so it was named white crane beam. The stonecarvings on Liang are not underwater all the year round. They only come out ofthe water when the river is dry in winter and spring. In ancient times, stonefish were carved as low water mark. Whenever the river water recedes and thestone fish meet, it means that a dry season with less rain has passed and a goodharvest year is coming. Therefore, there is another saying that "the stone fishcome out, and it is a good harvest year".

Baiheliang recorded 72 years of low water data from the Tang Dynasty to thepresent. Among them, the most famous ones are the Tang Dynasty fish and the QingDynasty heavy pickaxe Pisces, which are used as the original low water mark.According to modern survey, "the abdominal height of the fish in the TangDynasty is equivalent to the average of the lowest water level in Fulinghydrological station over the years; the eye height of the Qing Dynasty doublecarp is roughly equal to the zero point of the water level in Fuling area ofSichuan river shipping department.". It has been used for more than 1200 years,and the ancient ancestors have long known, observed and mastered the law of lowwater change through long-term understanding of the low water cycle. The stonefish water mark has a small exposure every three or five years, a severe droughtevery ten years, and an extremely low water level in 600 years. Many carefulpeople measured the time when the stone fish came out of the water, the name andnative place of the fish watcher, and the distance between the stone fishexposed to the river and the dry water line with ruler, and engraved it on thestone beam. Over time, it has formed an extremely precious hydrological recordof more than 1200 years. It is the earliest well preserved ancient hydrologicalstation in China and even in the world with "stone fish" as the symbol of lowwater.

Baiheliang inscription also has important artistic value. The inscriptionson the Liang Dynasty are crisscross, with seal, Li, Xing, Kai and Cao allavailable. Yan, Liu, Su and Huang are all available. There are also inscriptionsin minority languages, most of which are made by famous artists of pastdynasties. Huang Tingjian, a famous litterateur, calligrapher and great poet inthe Northern Song Dynasty, is the most precious. In addition, there are morethan 700 inscriptions of officials, scholars and poets in the past dynasties,such as Zhu ang, Wu Ge, Chao Gongwu, Liu Zhongshun, Pang Gongsun, Liu Shiwen andWang Shizhen. They are a collection of literature, calligraphy, painting andinscription art. They can be regarded as the great achievements of calligraphersin the past dynasties and are known as the "forest of Steles in the water" .

With the construction of the Three Gorges project, the world-famousBaiheliang inscription will sink underwater forever. In order to protect thisprecious cultural site, a creative protection scheme of "no pressure vessel" isadopted, and an underwater museum is built on the original site to effectivelyprotect the inscription. In 20__, the underwater Museum of White Crane RidgeInscription was built and opened to the public. Baiheliang museum is composed ofthree parts: underwater protection body, visiting corridor and traffic corridor,and ground exhibition hall. From the ground exhibition hall, people can go downto the horizontal traffic corridor through the ramp of the slope shaped trafficcorridor, and then enter the visiting corridor to view the inscription throughthe special window. They can also transmit the image to the demonstration hallof the ground exhibition hall in real time through the underwater camera systemfor all-round viewing. This innovative idea has become a unique underwaterMuseum in the world.

Well, Ill introduce the basic situation of Baiheliang to you first, andthen let me lead you to experience the unique charm of Baiheliang. Please besafe and follow me.

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰 陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。

当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。永宁山是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。

石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

整个陵区注重对门的处理，门既可作为出入之用，也可截断空间界面。大红门是进入陵区的总门户，单檐庑殿顶，看上去质朴、凝重、敦实、稳重，视若腾龙偃卧，镇守陵前。两侧有42华里的风水墙，逶迤延展，包护陵区，愈发显出大红门的庄严气派。

具服殿独成一院，是供后代皇帝、后妃来谒陵祭祖时更换衣服的场所，沿续明代拂座殿而建，殿内有净房，类似于现在的洗手间，内有绣花墩马桶。而今为了方便游人，在净房的旁边建有一座水冲厕所。

·张家口旅游导游词 ·山海关导游词 ·秦皇岛祖山导游词 ·北戴河导游词 ·角山导游词

圣德神功碑楼是记述皇帝生平功德的主要建筑之一，俗称大碑楼，建成于1739年，花费白银十三万一千五百两。大碑楼占地5.54亩，高26.05米，四面辟门，为重檐九脊歇山顶，稳中有变，富丽典雅。它座落在方形广场的正中，四角各有一根高12米的华表相衬，使碑楼显得更加庄严、肃穆、雄伟、壮观。四根华表的柱身均用整块石料雕成，呈圆柱形，直径1.5米，周身浮雕着朵朵云团，一条巨龙于云朵间盘绕柱身扶摇而上，带有呼之欲出的动态感。华表也叫擎天柱，又称墓表。起源于远古时代，初为木质，为纳谏而设，又叫诽谤木。在陵墓神道上设华表，在西汉时期就很流行，是木质华表，石刻华表在东汉时盛行。华表装饰着象征皇权的云龙图纹，作为皇家建筑的特殊标志，衬托出主体建筑的高大，使其更加宏伟壮观。

碑楼内，矗立着两统巨大的石碑，每统碑重56.55吨，碑身阳面用满汉两种文字镌刻着雍正皇帝生前的丰功伟绩，大约五千字，这是一部给雍正歌功颂德的重要资料。

绕过碑楼，是一座七孔石拱桥，这是清西陵四十九座桥梁中最长的，长107米，宽21米。(栏板上是二十四节气望柱头，又称火焰望柱头。柱头上有二十四条阴刻线，代表二十四节气。因为有河才有桥，而河位于田野之中，大地与田野不可分，与二十四节气有一定的关系，耕种、浇灌都离不开二十四节气。)像这样巨大而完美的石桥在中国是不多见的。它对于建筑物的布局组合起着连接作用，使组合群的层次明显，过渡自然，紧凑而不松散，同时也显示出一种庄严肃穆的气氛。

走下七孔桥，可见在神路的两侧对称排列着的雕刻精美的石望柱、石狮、石象、石马、武将、文臣等五对石像生。

望柱为六角形石柱，柱身雕流云纹饰，底部为六角形的须弥座。在宋代以前，石望柱置于墓道的最前面，为主要建筑，因为明、清陵时石牌坊作为陵墓前主要建筑，所以石望柱退居次要位置，纯属装饰。

石像生是设置在陵墓前的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，来显示死者生前的地位，身份。泰陵原来并未安设石像生，乾隆登基后，认为陵寝不设石像生，与典制不符，想在此泰陵增设石像生，而臣工们(风水大师：高其悼、洪文澜)则坚持：“泰陵甬道，系随山川之形势盘旋修理，如设立石像生，不能依其丈尺，整齐安设，而甬路转旋之处，必有向背参差之所，则于风水地形，不宜安设”。所以泰陵不设石像生并非违备典制，而是与风水有关。乾隆建议将大红门，龙凤门向南展拓，于是臣工们尊旨赴现场审核了原有计划并向乾隆奏议：“大红门正在龙蟠虎踞之间，护北面随龙升这旺气，纳南面特朝环抱之水，前朝后拱，天心十道，时天造地设之门户，不便展拓向外，况石像生之设，古制未详，无大关典礼之处，似可毋庸添设”。一言九鼎的天子，面对臣工的据理力争，也无可奈何，于是在奏折上批道：“知道了”。此事不了了之。事隔几年，乾隆旧事重提，最终在1748年，大臣拗不过皇帝，在泰陵前安设了五对石像生，这样就失去了龙凤门横陈为底景的依托，而又失去了石像生拱卫迎候于门前，聚巧形而展示的效果。所以泰陵石像生在所有建筑中是一个败笔，但由于臣工们极端负责的态度与皇帝的据理力争，所以也未伤及大雅。

蜘蛛山是泰陵的案山，据刘敦祯先生讲，此山系人工所为，可这里原有一座小山，又往上放了一些施工中剩下的废料。那么案山在陵区究竟起什么作用呢?因风水讲，无朝案遮拦未免飘散生气，所以案山会使陵区生气发越。

通向宝顶的引导大道—神道在里突然拐弯，是因为中国古建筑讲：贵含蓄，忌直接。

后面的建筑不能直接尽收眼底，应该慢慢展开，所以当我们漫步于弯弯曲曲的神道上，就好像置身于意向深远的空间环境氛围之中。

龙凤门是一座雍容华贵的建筑，为庑殿顶火焰式石牌坊柱门，黄色琉璃瓦的看面墙，墙下有宽厚敦实的洁白色须弥座，构成丰富细致，色彩斑澜、华丽富贵的形体，整座龙凤门充满了动势。高低错落的轮廓线，挺拔的石柱上雕刻云板、云墩和蹲龙，横直如矢的大小额坊和顶部火焰宝珠，看面墙上云纹腾龙的花心和岔角牡丹花叶，墙顶蓝绿色三彩斗拱所撑托的金色琉璃庑殿顶等等，都给人以丰富多彩，引人入胜的感受。龙凤门的近形风姿与远视气魄巧妙溶汇，相登相生，出神入化，给人以丰富的视觉艺术感受，不愧是古代哲匠的精心杰作。

三孔桥虽没有七孔桥那么宏大，但工匠师们都把它建造的小巧玲珑，优美动人，将两侧的栏板用优雅的券形曲线组合。站在三孔桥上驻足观看，陵寝宫殿群在紫色的永宁山衬托下，同时向东西两翼逶迤延展，把一种统一性的内涵，一种非同凡响的稳重、宁静、庄严肃穆的气氛，充分体现出来。

三路九孔桥并肩横跨于最后一座马槽沟上，除自然形成的三条河以外，后两道是人工开凿而成，山陵环境质量的完善非常注重对水的处理。水对于大地来说为血脉，能够造就大自然的钟灵毓秀，使生气发越;水还可以界分空间，形成丰富的空间层次及谐和的环境组合，而且山水相得如方圆中之规矩，山水相济如堂室之门户。因此陵区所有随桥泊岸，酌量地势修理，不使浸湿地宫;修筑堤坎，而且也使水流弯环，免其激射有声，破坏宁静的山陵气氛。所以马槽沟弯如飘带，柔如轻纱，造成“来宜曲水向我，去宜盘旋顾恋”的水势。充分体现出水对帝穴的留恋之情。所以陵区一山一水皆有义，一草一木总关情。

神厨库是座东朝西的小院，内建神厨。神库和省牲亭等建筑，是祭祀时制作和存放各种肉食品的地方。

神道碑亭又称小碑楼，内矗立皇帝谥号碑，重檐歇山，黄色琉璃瓦覆顶，四角翘飞，形式与大碑楼相仿，但规模缩减了二分之一左右。内竖一统石碑，用满、汉、蒙三种文字刻写着雍正皇帝谥号。

东、西朝房是为祭祀准备奶茶和瓜果的地方，又叫茶膳房，是根据关外奶房，果房的遗制而制造的。

东、西班房均为布瓦卷棚顶，为值班房，也叫守护房。清代皇帝继位之后，便大兴土木，耗费大量的人力、物力、财力为之修陵筑墓。因而皇陵的保护便成为重要任务，这一任务由深受皇帝信任的八旗兵来担负。他们采用换班的方法沿着陵院外的更道昼夜巡逻。如阴雨天气可在值班房内躲避休息。

隆恩门是进入宫殿区的门户，是整个陵寝组合群引导建筑的结束与主体建筑的开始。两侧是宽厚高大的朱红围墙，把宫殿区的所有建筑包围起来，使其形成结构严谨的两层院落。

焚帛炉，又叫燎炉，是为皇帝祭祀时焚烧五色纸和金银锞的地方。炉高4米，单檐歇山顶，周身用黄琉璃瓦构件制成，炉基为须弥座。炉内四壁及上下均为铁板，下面是三个铁槽，顶部两角各有一出烟孔，底座下部两侧各有一扒灰口。整座建筑比例适中，色调合协，雍容华贵，精巧秀致。

东配殿是存放祝板和制帛的地方，同时又是临时存放神牌的地方。每当大修隆恩殿时，帝、后的神牌就移到这里安放，在维修期间如遇上祭祀，也在此进行。西配殿则是喇嘛念经的地方，每当帝、后忌辰大祭之日，由永福寺派十三名喇嘛到此念经，为死去的皇帝超度亡灵。

正面的隆恩殿是陵寝地面建筑中最重要的建筑，为祭祀的主要场所。整座建筑建在巨大的汉白玉基座上，面阔五间、进深三间，重檐歇山式建筑，黄色琉璃瓦盖顶，显得庄严肃穆。其建筑结构非常牢固，所有的木件全部采用卯榫对接形式，梁、柱、檀、椽结合不死板禁锢，有灵活移动的余地，具有很强的防震功能。在发生强烈地震时，榫卯之间具有活动性能，将外部力量缓冲分解，震后仍可恢复原位。因此雍正八年以来的多次地震和一九七六年的唐山大地震，都没使清西陵的大木结构受到显著破坏，充分显示了中国古代工匠高超的建筑水平。

三座门也叫琉璃花门，中门比较高大，两侧墙上有琉璃岔角花和中心花，檐端用琉璃斗拱装饰。这种门占地面积较小，看上去显得较厚重，图案丰富，雍容华贵，具有很好的艺术效果。而且材料非常坚硬，耐高湿，有一劳永逸之功效。两侧分别接卡墙。阻隔南北，使宫殿区形成两层院落。清代建筑学家，不仅注重陵区单体建筑的形象与外观，而且更注重了它们之间的关系，组群布局发展到了登峰造极的地步，这种组群布局的实现依靠门户和墙体，将各单体建筑有效地组合分割，形成一个个院落，并将院落形成复杂的整体给人“庭院深深深几许”的意境。

二柱门横跨神道，石柱上架额坊，建筑形式为斗拱夹山顶。作为方城明楼的屏障。清朝前五代皇帝陵寝都在三座门以后建二柱门，自道光以后则裁撤，因为建筑中缩短了三座门与方城明楼之间的距离。

石五供是一组象征永久性祭祀的供品。基座是由三块巨石雕成的须弥座，这是我国传统建筑的台基样式，上面刻有八仙、八宝、八卦、琴棋书画等图案，所有这些都象征着吉祥如意，对研究中国古代的雕刻艺术有很好的参考价值。明楼属于纪念性的建筑物，高高地耸立在方城之上，使人置身于仰崇桥山的氛围之中，它与朱红色的墙体、金黄色的瓦顶与湛蓝的天空构成了一幅绚丽的画卷。

当我们踏上明楼在向南方远眺时，心中升起一种无比自豪的感觉。正前方五里之外的东西华盖山，九龙九凤山形成的自然门户，郁郁葱葱的古松树弥漫于30里内外，座座殿宇、桥梁、门房、树木山川疏密相间，错落有致，气势北京的故宫、颐和园、承德的避暑山庄，明十三陵大有过之无不及。清陵在中国建筑史上留下了辉煌的一页，是中华民族的骄傲，是世界人民的骄傲，所以英国著名科学家里约瑟说：“皇陵在中国建筑制式上是一重大成就，它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子”。雍正在选定易州境内天平峪时，说这里是：“乾坤聚秀之区，阴阳合会之所，龙穴砂石，无美不收，形势理气，诸吉咸备”的风水宝地。而历经180年，十四座陵寝完工以后，自然景观又加之人文景观，就形成了：“山自太行来，巍峨耸拔，脉秀力丰，峻岭崇岗，远拱于外，灵岩翠岫，环卫其间，迄下山岗无数，如手之有指，每两岗之平坦开拓处诸陵在焉，花之瓣，笋之箨，层层包护”，的人间胜境，是“龙蟠风翥，源远流长，左右回环，前后拱卫，实如金城玉笋的秀美风光”。

朋友们，到次为止，西陵的参观就告一段落，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

昌 陵

昌陵位于泰陵西侧1公里处，葬有嘉庆皇帝和孝淑睿皇后，自1796年开始修建到1803年峻工，距今已有190多年的历史。

昌陵是东、西陵中较有特色的一座，是研究清代陵寝制度不可多得的实物见证。在清代所有陵寝中昌陵是唯一一处由太上皇选定的陵址。1796年，乾隆在当满了60年皇帝之后，履行自己继位之初的诺言，让位于嘉庆，自己当上了名副其实的太上皇，并根据自己曾有谕旨：“嗣后吉地，各依昭穆次序;在东、西陵界内分建”。把自己在泰陵西侧1公里处选定的陵址赐给了儿子嘉庆。这对嘉庆来说是一种莫大的殊荣，同时也体现出太上皇的威严。

嘉庆皇帝是清朝入关后第五代皇帝，为乾隆的第十五子，37岁继承皇帝位，但仍由乾隆皇帝训政。嘉庆四年，太上皇驾崩，此时40岁的嘉庆才有了实权，而大清帝国也已从鼎盛的巅峰跌落下来，开始走下坡路。当时清王朝已危机四伏，内创累累。嘉庆皇帝在这种情况下，能够励精图治，革除弊政，全力维持祖宗留下的基业。但却墨守成规，遵循守旧，所以一生中没有什么特殊的政绩，昌陵正是在这样的背景下建造起来的。

尽管如此，昌陵的建筑规模与规制仍能与泰陵相媲美，除没有石牌坊、大红门、具服殿和七孔桥外，其它建筑的种类与式样均等同。而宝顶比泰陵宝顶还要高出数尺，圣德神功碑楼与隆恩殿也比泰陵的更为壮观。

昌陵隆恩殿的地面更独具特色，全部采用珍贵的紫花石铺墁。紫花石，产于河南，每块62厘米见方，呈正方形，磨光烫蜡，不滑不涩，缝细如线，平亮如砥，石面呈黄色，缀以天然形成的紫色花纹图案。其状如竹笋、似春蚕、若芙蓉、像绒球，千姿百态，在阳光照耀下，似满堂宝石，熠熠生辉，令人叹为观止，所以昌陵有“满堂宝石”之称。

隆恩殿内东暖阁的佛楼仍保持着当初的模样，其它各帝陵隆恩殿的佛楼，经过战争的毁坏，只剩下空间，唯独这座佛楼至今整体完好。佛楼分下、下两层，上层有木雕垂花，精湛优美，涂金闪亮;下层有木制边饰，朱红底色，鲜丽耀眼。按清代建陵规制，东暖阁均为佛楼，佛龛里供奉着金、银、玉、翠的佛像。

据现存的“雷氏图纸”中考证，昌陵地宫结构比泰陵还要宏大，雕刻也十分精美，为“四门九券”，且有佛像经文雕刻。与现已开放的清东陵境内乾隆的裕陵地宫规模装饰相近。而裕陵地宫为现已考证的清帝陵地宫中最为壮观、珍贵的一座，既是一座不可多得的石雕艺术宝库，又是一座庄严肃穆的地下佛堂。同样昌陵地宫也具有诱人的魅力，券顶外的宝顶封土内也有石雕，其结构造型与陵寝宫殿的瓦脊、勾滴等相同，先按地面建筑的要求营造好地宫，然后再覆土掩埋。形成清代皇帝陵寝地宫结构中独具特色的风格。

慕 陵

慕陵位于陵区的最西端，始建于一八三一年，完工于一八三五年，内葬道光皇帝及孝穆、孝全、孝慎三个皇后。慕陵建筑面积虽没有泰陵那样广阔，建筑也不如泰陵那样宏伟，布局更不如泰陵那样完善，但它那别出新裁的设计以及独特的建筑手法，却成为清代帝王陵寝中绝无仅有的艺术珍品。

按照乾隆开创的父、子分葬，选定东、西的“兆葬之制”，道光皇帝应该在清东陵境内选选址建陵，所以道光于1821年即位后，花费了七年的时间在东陵的宝华峪营建了陵墓，但后因施工质量问题，造成地宫浸水。于是道光皇帝便下令拆掉原陵，又于1831年来西陵祭祖之际亲自选定了一块高平之地—龙泉峪作为自己的万年吉地，第二次营建了陵墓。

这次建陵，道光皇帝一改其它帝陵的建筑特点，裁撤了石像生、圣德神功碑楼、方城明楼等项建筑，而且主体建筑的三大殿全部采用昂贵的金丝楠木制作，不施彩绘，保持了木本色。外面烫蜡。虽看起来不是那么富丽堂皇，但却赋予人们古朴，典雅的感觉。最令人惊叹的是在三座殿的门窗膈扇、梁柱、雀替、天花、藻井上布满了形态各异的木雕龙，尤其天花板上都以高浮雕的手法制成向下府视的龙头，有的地方还采用高出平面半尺有余的透雕手法。走进殿内，举目上望，但见龙头济口，张口鼓腮，栩栩如生。整个雕刻构思严谨，线条流畅，刀法娴熟，制作精巧，形象生动，充满着详和气氛，成为稀世珍品。使人仿佛来到了一座雕龙博物馆，难怪有人说：“慕陵是座雕刻艺术的殿堂”。

隆恩殿后面的三座门由一架天然汉白玉石牌坊代替，牌坊正中刻有“慕陵”二字，背面刻有道光皇帝亲笔诛谕：“敬瞻东北，永慕无穷，云山密尔。呜呼!其慕与慕也”。依清朝规制，帝、后陵名一般由后继皇帝钦定，但是慕陵名称却是道光皇帝生前亲自默定。道光十五年，他来西陵谒陵，顺便阅视了正在修建的陵寝工程，并赴隆恩殿至孝穆、孝慎梓宫前奠酒，而后立于月台上，仰望东北方感慨地写下了这道诛谕。道光驾崩后，咸丰即位，重读诛谕，见“其慕与慕也”一句，便心领神会，于是立刻命雕工把“慕陵”二字雕于牌坊之上。

无论从规划布局，还是建筑风格方面，慕陵处处体它的独到之处，成为清朝入关后皇帝陵寝建筑中的珍品。

崇 陵

崇陵是中国封建皇帝最后一座陵墓，始建于1909年，完工于1915年，内葬光绪皇帝和孝定景皇后。

崇陵工程是在光绪皇帝死后第二年才开始修建的，这与清朝建陵典制完全不符，大清皇帝在承袭了明代陵墓制度的同时，又不断完善陵寝制度，不仅活着的时候讲究安逸奢侈，而且死后在建筑陵寝上也要表示出至高无尚的尊贵地位。所以生前就选好陵址，并建好陵墓。

据考证，崇陵陵址是在光绪十三年(1887年)选定并定陵名，但由于当时的清王朝国库空虚，外债累累，加之光绪和慈禧之间形成了尖锐的矛盾和斗争，陵寝的营建就不可能了。直到1909年，光绪死后第二年，崇陵工程才开始动工修建，其间又值1911年辛亥革命爆发，工程被迫停止。1912年，末代皇帝溥仪向民国宣布退位时，向民国政府提出了八项优待皇室条件，其中第五条要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修。其奉安典礼仍如旧制，所有实用经费均由中华民国支付”。1913年春，民国政府根据这一条件，经协商之后立即拨款，并于1915年全部完工。

崇陵在建筑规模上比其它帝陵均小，没有大碑楼、石像生、二柱门等项建筑，但基本上沿袭了明、清两朝的陵寝制度，并集清代各陵的建筑经验于一体，采用先进的建筑技术，用料考究，主要建筑的三大殿全部采用质地坚硬的铜藻、铁藻木料构成，素有“铜梁铁柱”之称。隆恩殿内的四根明柱采用沥粉贴金盘龙装饰，为皇帝陵中的独到之处。檐下增设了通风孔，可使殿内空气流通，以防木料腐朽。就其建筑群体而论，设有较完备的排水系统，宫殿四角设有散水坡，便于雨水的排放。明楼与三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有十四个漏水眼与之相通，为地宫排水之用。

崇陵虽建于清末民初，但建筑规制仍宏伟壮观。在众多的建筑物中，地宫工程最为浩大，崇陵地宫如同其它帝陵的地宫一样，为拱券式石结构建筑，共有四门九券。墓道全长63.19米，面积349.95米，空间2170.65立方米。四道石门是地宫的重要组成部分，每扇石门上浮雕菩萨立像一尊，佛像大小与真人差不多，各个头戴佛冠，身披伽裟，足蹬莲花座，手持法器，分别代表力量、智慧、愿望、富贵等。过了四道门便是地宫九券中最大的一个券—金券，这里是地宫的主体建筑，高大宽敝，内有宝床，上面安放着皇帝、皇后的梓宫。

1938年，一伙不明身份的军人盗掘了崇陵地宫，1980年由政府将其清理并对外开放。虽然崇陵地宫没有乾隆的裕陵地宫那样规模宏大，雕刻精美，但它却成为研究晚清皇帝陵寝地宫规制的实物见证。

昌西陵

在清西陵境内共有三座皇后陵，分别为泰东陵、昌西陵和慕东陵，其中泰东陵，无论从规模、规制上都是清代后陵中的姣姣者，而昌西陵在这些方面却无法与之媲美，但它却形成了自己独到的建筑风格。在中国古建筑中只有两处回音壁，一处是天坛，而另一处以是昌西陵。

昌西陵始建于1851年，完工于1853年，内葬嘉庆的孝和睿皇后，清朝从康熙初期开始，皇后薨于皇帝之后，便另选陵址，不再合葬帝陵地宫，而且陵寝不再另立陵名，而按皇帝陵寝所处方位而定，因其陵寝在昌陵西侧，所以定陵名为昌西陵。

与其它皇后陵寝比起来，昌西陵的规制大为缩减。主要裁撤了方城明楼，缩减了隆恩殿和配殿的规制，隆恩殿由重檐歇山顶，面阔五间，改为单檐歇山，面阔五间，并裁撤了大殿及月台周围的石栏杆，不设丹陛石，配殿由五间改为三间。隆恩门也由五间改为三间，陵寝门的两个角门由带门楼改为随墙门，与妃园寝的园寝门一样。

尽管昌西陵规制大为缩减，较前代皇后陵大为逊色，但也有其独特和值得称道的地方。

昌西陵有回音壁。和其它陵寝一样，昌西陵后围墙也是弧形墙在陵寝建筑中叫罗圈墙，就可听到很大的回声，其形式和原理与北京天坛的回音壁一样，因此人们把昌西陵的罗圈墙也称作回音壁。

除回音壁以外，这里还有一块回音石，那就是宝顶前面倒数第七块条石。站在这块石头上讲话，就能听到比原声大十倍或数十倍的回声，所以人们称它为回音石，这种奇特的回音壁和回音石现象的出现，是声学原理和古代建筑形式的巧合。声波的波长肯定小于围墙半径，声波以束状沿墙连续反射前进，使声音像打电话般清晰地传到对方耳中。

正是由于昌西陵的独到的建筑风格，使它对游人产生了无可替代的魅力，同时也对研究古代建筑提供了不可多得的实物例证。

不难看出，清西陵是一部清朝历史的写照，体现了中国历代帝王陵寝的最高水准，更是一部精美的艺术杰作，座座陵寝都反映出清朝的历史文化，建筑文化，生态文化和风水文化。成为自然环境与陵寝建筑相结合的最伟大的例子。

朋友们，我们今天的旅游到此结束了，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

我常在梦中瞥见那群迷雾中的宫殿——红墙耸峙，飞楷泣雨，庭院深深，雾锁重门.着实，那只是头脑的碎片在梦中缥缈而过留下的影子罢了.越是云云，越让我憧憬那梦中楼台.

立秋事后，一个朝晨，我确乎又梦见那座弃宫—沈阳故宫，蓦然醒来，耳边回荡着它的呼叫，我好像想起了什么，又好像忘却了什么，跑下楼去，很快来到它的身边.跨进高高的大清门，便来到另一个天下.沈阳故宫主轴第一殿是崇政殿，这里是400多年前清帝人关前上朝理政的处所.沿着青石路绕已往，就来到崔见的风凰楼前，它和清宁官、四妃寝宫一并落在4米高的高台上，附近红堵相围.风凰楼是昔时盛京最高的构筑，飞檐间挂着未逝的晓月，其下的横匾上是200多年前乾隆东巡时的御笔亲题:“紫气东来.”此刻，当代文明的履痕正摧毁着汗青的残骸，凤凰楼也因此成为禁步之处，不能登临.看不到凤凰晓月，其实痛惜，只好凭栏凝娣.旧日珠帘罗幕、献筹交织已惨淡，玉楼笙歌也早已声断，大概尘封的窗里，一卷史书的残页正在晨风中哆嗦.

看过殿楼的巍峨，又感想后宫的平安.衍庆宫的案几上放着古琴，好像淑妃弄弦的韵律还历历可闻.庄妃宫罗慢里挂着小小的摇篮，大概那儿就是清世祖降生之地.

下了凤凰楼台基，踏着青石铺就的小径，我的情慷又完全溶入后苑的器量.曲径通幽处，寥寂梧桐低低地映在莲花池中，花落时节，鸟鸣院更幽;四序递嫂，青石板的裂隙中青草丛生，湮没了古道.

向东走，到了东院.远眺望去，大政殿好像近在面前，可盘龙飞檐，金奕宝座却又像影子似的含糊.沿着正中的御道，我朝着大政殿蹈蹈独行，脚下每一块青石板似乎都深刻着它们漫长的光阴，密密匝匝地写着它们无字的诗文和感民气弦的故事. 昨夜风疏雨骤，留下一片淋漓，尽量太阳的光热会把这些水雾蒸腾，尔后再化作甘霖润泽着脚下这片土地，把四个多世纪前如梦如烟的旧事渗人大地更深一层，然而我将同样看到这残断的影象，感觉着汗青的沉淀.

此日夜里，我又梦见迷雾中的宫殿，依然的红墙耸峙，飞格泣雨，依然的庭院深深，雾锁重门，依然的肃静而不行触及——大概，这即是它的永恒

大家好！今天我们要去游玩的地方是北京故宫。我姓卢，大家叫我小卢就行了。想必大家对故宫还不是很了解，现在我就为大家介绍介绍故宫。

故宫又名紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，也是中国现在所保存的最大最完整的古代建筑。1988年被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。诸位，故宫有四个大门。正门名叫午门，俗称五凤楼；其它的门平面为凹形，中间有重楼，重檐为庑殿顶，两翼分别有重檐楼阁四座。

接下来请大家跟着我到太和殿。太和殿又称金銮殿，在故宫的中心位置，是故宫三大殿之一。太和殿建在高约5米的汉白玉台基上面。台基四周矗立着成排的雕栏称为望柱，柱头头上雕刻着云龙云凤的图案，前后各有三座石阶，中间的石阶上雕有蟠龙，衬托着海浪和流云的“御路”。太和殿红墙黄瓦、朱楹金肩，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是中国最大的木构殿宇。

看完了太和殿，现在来游中和殿。中和殿也是故宫三大宫殿之一，位于太和殿后方，平面呈正方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，正中间有鎏金宝顶，形体壮丽，建筑精巧。

刚才游玩了故宫的两大殿，现在我们来游玩第三个大殿——保和殿。保和殿在中和殿的后方，呈长方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，建筑装修与彩绘十分绚丽多彩。

以上就是我们今天游玩的景点，相信你对故宫有了更深的了解，如果下次还有机会，我一定还会给你们当导游。谢谢！

Referred to as "Beijing, Beijing is the capital of China, the countrys political and cultural center and international communication hub, is also a famous historical and cultural city, filled with the gas of the emperor, and honor. As early as 700000 years ago, in the Beijing choukoution area the primitive community "Peking person". Beijings first recorded name is "ji" (thistle). In 1045 BC, become the thistle, the capital of yan ducal states. From 221 BC, qin shi huang unified China to 937 AD, Beijing has always been a town in the north of China and the capital city of the local authority. In A.D. 938, the rule of liaoning in the north of China in Beijing (called yanjing) for capital; Later, jin, yuan, Ming and qing to every generation in the capital, more than 650 years before and after.

On October 1, 1949 of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, Beijing as the capital of new China. Here is the worlds largest, aross, heavily guarded palaces of the Forbidden City, shows the tolerance of the Summer Palace royal gardens, temple of heaven worship temple, imperial gardens in the north sea, badaling and mutianyu, simatai Great Wall and the worlds largest courtyard respectful wang fu and other places of interest. All appearing more magnanimouses vigour. As a cultural ancient capital, thousands of years, precipitated the rich history and culture here, not to mention the royal architectural style is elegant, the objects in the alley alone, a brick in the courtyard, the summer in a moment, had told us that its long. That the past residence of celebrities all the sections of vigorous historical stories, that these sites, all in recounting a deep-rooted historical events.

But all this did not prevent it and the cohesion and blending of the modernization, broad changan avenue traffic, crisscross road overpass, the wangfujing walking street flashing neon, sanlitun bar street due, bright lights, swaying the colour of profusion, with "Chinas silicon valley," said the noisy zhongguancun, became the capital is the pride of the people. Development of Beijing is moving toward a more brilliant tomorrow ran into.

Hello everyone! The beautiful place in front of us is Zhongshan Mausoleum.Today, we will browse its magnificence and past deeds together.

People often say: less than the Imperial Palace, the Great Wall is not tohave been to Beijing; less than the Bund boat tour Pujiang, the east pearl orJinmao Tower is not to Shanghai; not long to West Lake, Songcheng do not knowthe millennium of Hangzhou; then less than Dr. Sun Yat-sens Mausoleum, you justlike a white trip to Nanjing. We all come out all the way to travel. Some mayhave been there before. Some may come back later. There may still be no moretourists after this trip. So I hope you can take a look at the classic essenceand leave some regrets.

When we talk about Zhongshan Mausoleum, we should of course mention itsowner, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great pioneer of Chinas democratic revolution. Mr.Suns real name is Sun Wen, Yixian. Because he used the pseudonym of "ZhongshanQiao" when he was engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan, he was honoredas Dr. Sun Yat sen in China. Sun Yat Sen was born on November 12, 1866 inCuiheng village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. He studied in Honolulu,Hong Kong and other places successively, and practiced medicine in Guangzhou,Macao and other places after graduation. Later, he abandoned medicine and wentinto politics, and in the 19th century he died___ He organized the ChinaAlliance in Japan in, and was elected as prime minister. He put forward thefamous program of "expelling the prisoners, restoring China, establishing theRepublic of China, and averaging land rights", and the theory of the threepeoples principles. 19___ After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising on October10, 20__, Mr. Sun was elected as the provisional president of the Republic ofChina by the representatives of the 17 provinces, and was sworn in in in Nanjingon the new years day of the next year. Since then, he has experienced many upsand downs, such as "Yuan Shikai stealing the country", "the second revolution","the movement to protect the country", "the movement to protect the law" and soon. In 1921, he became the very big president of the Republic of China inGuangzhou. At the first National Congress of China held in Guangzhou in January1924, he developed the old three peoples principles into the new three peoplesprinciples and put forward three major policies of "uniting Russia", "unitingthe Communist Party" and "supporting agriculture and industry". In November ofthe same year, at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang, he went north with illness todiscuss the national plan. Finally, he died in Beijing on March 12, 1925 due tochronic labor.

The tomb site of Zhongshan Mausoleum was selected by Mr. Sun. You may ask:Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong, died in Beijing, and spent his whole lifetraveling all over the world for the revolution. Why did he choose Nanjing ashis resting place? It is said that as early as 19___ When Mr. Sun became theprovisional president in, the abbot monk of Linggu Temple once recommended thisgeomantic treasure land of "Pingchuan in the front and Qingzhang in the back".On March 31 of that year, in order to seek the peaceful reunification of thenorth and the south, Dr. Sun Yat Sen resolutely resigned as president. One dayin early April, he and Hu Hanmin went hunting in the area of Xiaoling Mausoleumof Ming Dynasty, and came to the site of the mausoleum to have a rest. Mr. Sunlooked around and said to the left and right, when I die, I want to ask thepeople for this land for burial. Of course, the momentum and Feng Shui of ZijinMountain is not the fundamental reason for Mr. Suns decision. On his deathbed,Mr. Sun said, "after I die, I can be buried at the foot of Zijin Mountain inNanjing. Because Nanjing is the place where the provisional government wasestablished, I will not forget the revolution of 1911." Therefore, although Mr.Suns stay in Nanjing is not long, Nanjing is of special significance to Mr.Sun. He chose Nanjing Zijin Mountain as the tomb site, fundamentally speaking,to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and inspire the revolutionarycolleagues.

Zhongshan Mausoleum is a bell shaped design designed by young architect LuYanzhi. On March 12, 1926, on the first anniversary of Mr. Suns death, afoundation laying ceremony was held. It took more than three years and cost 1.5million silver yuan. Zhongshan Mausoleum was finally completed in the spring of1929. It is a pity that architect LV Yanzhi devoted himself to the constructionof the mausoleum. Unfortunately, like Mr. Sun, he suffered from liver cancer anddied at the end of the project. He was only 35 years old. The Fengan ceremonywas held on June 1, 1929, and Mr. Suns body was transported from Beijing toNanjing. Since then, Mr. Sun has been sleeping here for more than 60 years. Theconstruction of Zhongshan Mausoleum is a great event in the history of Nanjingcity construction. In order to meet Mr. Suns spiritual pivot, Nanjing built thefirst asphalt road, Zhongshan Road, which is 24 Li long, from Zhongshan Wharf inthe west to Zhongshan Gate in the East. Up to now, Zhongshan road is still oneof the main roads in Nanjing. At the same time, the Chaoyang Gate of MingDynasty was renovated and renamed Zhongshan Gate. A cemetery road was builtbetween Zhongshan Gate and Zhongshan Mausoleum.

You are now in the half moon square in front of Zhongshan Mausoleum. Pleaselook south. Just south of the square is an octagonal stone platform. The twoeared and three legged red copper tripod on the stage, weighing 5000 kg, is 4.25meters high and 1.23 meters in diameter. It is one of the commemorativedecorations of Zhongshan Mausoleum. The tripod was cast in the autumn of 1933and donated by all the teachers and students of Guangzhou Sun Yat sen Universityand Dai Jitao. "Wisdom, benevolence and courage" are the motto of Sun Yat senUniversity. There is a hexagonal bronze plate in the tripod, engraved with thefull text of filial piety written by Dai Mu. Stepping up from the square, facingis a stone archway with four pillars and three gates. The archway was built in1931-1933, 12 meters high and 17.3 meters wide. The building blocks are made oflarge pieces of Fujian granite, but they are made of traditional Chinese woodstructure. You can see the golden "fraternity" in the middle of the square.These two are Mr. Suns handwriting, originally from Tang Hanyus "benevolenceof fraternity" in Yuan Dao. It is said that Mr. Sun loved to give away the twotopics. Mr. Sun devoted his whole life to the bourgeois democratic revolutionwith the great spirit of fraternity, and constantly struggled for theindependence and freedom of the nation. It can be said that "fraternity" is ahigh summary and the best portrayal of his life.

Walking forward from Bo Ai Fang is a 480 meter long and tens of meters widetomb passage. The overall design of Zhongshan Mausoleum highlights thetraditional Chinese style, solemn and unique. In order to reflect sunssublimity and greatness, Zhongshan Mausoleum followed the ancient custom oftaking the mountain as the mausoleum, and built the tomb chamber at the highestplace of the mausoleum at an altitude of about 160 meters. In addition, thearchitectural vegetation of the whole mausoleum area is axial symmetry, whichgives people a sense of solemnity. Please look ahead. Facing north, there aremausoleum gate, stele Pavilion, sacrificial hall and tomb chamber behind thesacrificial hall. The cedars, cypresses, Ginkgo biloba and red maple on bothsides of the tomb path are opposite each other, replacing the stone man andstone beast used in ancient times, symbolizing Mr. Suns revolutionary spiritand noble quality. Cedrus deodara is one of the four major ornamental treespecies in the world, and has become the city tree of Nanjing.

At the end of the passage is the platform. According to the design of LVYanzhi, the whole mausoleum is in the shape of "Mu Duo". Duo is what we usuallycall big bell block. In ancient times, it was used to announce religious andpolitical decrees and war orders. Duos voice is loud and has spread far away.It has the figurative meaning of "making the world reach Tao". The selection ofsuch a scheme for the mausoleum reminds us of Mr. Suns famous saying that "therevolution has not yet been successful, comrades still need to work hard", andits intention is also warning future generations. The platform square here isthe lower edge of the "freedom clock" designed by LV Yanzhi. This magnificentthree arch gate is the official beginning of the mausoleum. It is 16 metershigh, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. It is also made of Fujian granite. Onthe banner of Zhongmen is Sun Yat Sens handwritten "the world is for thepublic", which comes from the book of rites. Liyuns "the journey of the road isalso the world is for the public", which means that the state power is not theworld of any family, but the world of the people and the people. This is theideal that Mr. Sun has strived for all his life and an excellent annotation ofthe three peoples principles he advocated.

After the mausoleum gate is the stele Pavilion. On the 9-meter-highmonument in the center of the pavilion, there are 24 large gold faces inscribedwith the inscription "Chinese Premier sun was buried here on June 1, the 18th ofthe Republic of China" written by the elder Tan Yankai. At the beginning of thediscussion, Wang Jingwei and Hu Hanmin planned to write inscriptions andepitaphs respectively. It took two years to write. We all think that Mr. Wensideological achievements can not be summarized, so we simply do not writeinscriptions and use the present form instead. Out of the pavilion, facing thestone steps layer upon layer. Nanjing people often say that the steps ofZhongshan Mausoleum are like stone lions of Lugou bridge. So visitors here oftenask: how many steps does Zhongshan Mausoleum have? Dear friends, you may as wellcount them.

Coming to the platform near the top, you can see a pair of big bronzetripods, engraved with "Fengan ceremony", donated by the Shanghai municipalgovernment at that time. If you look carefully, you will find that there are twoholes under the tripod on the left. Why is this so? It turns out that this wascaused by the artillery bombardment of Zhongshan Mausoleum when the doomsdayarmy occupied Nanjing in 1937. These two holes are the bomb holes left at thattime. Although times have changed, these two bullet holes still remind us not toforget our national humiliation. Not far from here, there is a pair of antiquebronze tripods, which are presented by Sun Kes family, Mr. Suns son.

You can have a birds-eye view and a distant view from the top platform.Standing here, leaning against the towering Zhongshan Mountain and listening tothe waves of pines, you can feel the noble and healthy spirit of the great mancoexisting with nature. The memorial hall is located in the middle of ZhongshanMountain. There are 392 steps from Boai square to the memorial hall. The heightdifference is about 70 meters and the plane distance is 700 meters. For example,there are 290 steps from the stele Pavilion. In order to avoid monotony, thearchitect divided the 392 steps into 10 sections, each with one platform, with atotal of 10 platforms. Whats more, when you look from the bottom to the top,the stone steps are continuous and you cant see the platform. When you lookdown now, you cant see the steps but the platform. The number of 392 is not acoincidence, but a metaphor of 392 million compatriots in China at that time.All the way up the mountain, I cant help admiring Dr. Sun Yat Sen.

Now we are facing the sacrificial hall and tomb chamber, which is the mainpart of the mausoleum. At that time, LV Yans direct supervisor, Jian, died of aterminal disease, which often made later generations sigh that he would diebefore he was successful. The sacrificial hall is a palace style building withimitation wood structure. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 metershigh. It is surrounded by small fortress like buildings and two 12.6 meters highChinese watch arches. The roof of the memorial hall is double eaves with nineridges, covered with blue glazed tiles, and the external walls are all made ofHong Kong granite. There are "nation", "peoples livelihood" and "civil rights"on the forehead of the sacrificial hall, which is the most basic and generalguiding ideology of Mr. Suns revolutionary activities. In the middle of the"peoples livelihood" gate phase, there are Sun Yat Sens handwriting "heavenand earth healthy" four straight amount.

Please follow me into the memorial hall. The interior of the memorial hallis paved with white and black marble from Yunnan. There are 12 black stonecolumns with a diameter of 0.8 meters in the hall, and black marble is embeddedunder the walls. You can see the full text of the outline of the founding of thepeoples Republic written by Sun Yat Sen on the East and west walls. The tone ofthe whole hall is black, white and blue, which are all traditional Chinesefilial piety colors. The inner window inlaid with colored glass shows anotherWestern flavor under the sunlight. Such a style of Chinese and Western walls isin line with Mr. Suns spirit. In the middle of the memorial hall is a stonestatue of Sun Yat Sen sitting in a long robe and mandarin jacket. The image is4.6 meters high and the base is 2.1 meters wide. The statue was carved withItalian white stone by Paul arlinsky, a famous Polish sculptor of Frenchnationality at that time, and was transported from Paris to Zhongshan Mausoleumin 1930. The total cost is 1.5 million francs. The six reliefs on the four sidesbelow the statue capture six fragments of Mr. Suns revolutionary activities.They are "such as embracing a child", "going abroad for propaganda", "discussingrevolution", "conferring seal by parliament", "enlightening the deaf" and"seeking yuan to protect the country".

After the sacrificial hall came to the tomb. There are two tomb doors. Thefirst one is two copper safety doors made in the United States. The nails on thedoor and the beast (Jiaotu) on the copper ring are full of Chinese traditionalcharacteristics. On the lintel of the gate is engraved the banner of "greatspirit forever", which is taken from the handwriting written by Sun Yat Sen forthe tomb of martyr Huang Huagang. The second door is a single copper door withseven seal characters of "the tomb of Dr. Sun Yat Sen" written by ZhangJingjiang.

The tomb is a hemispherical closed building with a Western-style domeshaped roof and a mosaic pattern of the party emblem. The interior is round andcovered with marble, about 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters in height. Thewalls are covered with light red marble. In the center of the circular marbleKuang, 4.33 meters in diameter, 1.7 meters deep, surrounded by 1 meter highwhite marble railings. On the tomb of Kuang nei, there is a marble figure of Mr.Sun in Zhongshan suit, which was created by Czech sculptor Gao Qi according tothe body image of Mr. Sun. Mr. Suns copper coffin is about 5 meters under thestatue. Why do the statues in the sacrificial hall wear long gowns and Chinesetunics instead of Chinese tunics? It turns out that there was a sharpcontradiction between the left and the right in those years. The right whothought that the statue should wear long gowns and Chinese tunics, while theleft advocated wearing Chinese tunics. The above situation arises when the twoparties disagree and each party goes its own way. Dear friends, whether Mr.Suns body is still in Zhongshan Mausoleum is the most concerned issue of everyvisitor here. In fact, since the death of Mr. Sun, his body has indeed gonethrough hardships. When Mr. Sun died on March 12, 1925, his body was embalmedand temporarily placed in Biyun temple, Xiangshan, Beijing. In 1926, ZhangZongchang, a warlord who was defeated by the Northern Expedition and fled toBeijing, attributed the failure to the fact that suns body suppressed his FengShui. So he planned to burn the body. After the patriotic general Zhang Xueliangsent troops to protect, the body was preserved, but it has been eroded by theair. On May 28, 1929, the coffin was transported from Beijing to Pukou by Jinpurailway and arrived at Zhongshan Mausoleum on June 1. After the Fengan ceremony,the coffin was poured into the Kuang with cement. The tomb is made of graniteand surrounded by partition walls. There is a special nanmu mat under the coppercoffin and a sealed crystal transparent plate on the coffin. At the time of thepublic memorial ceremony, standing by Shi Kuang, you can see Dr. Sun Yat Sensremains on the railing. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, thegovernment prepared to transport the remains to Chongqing. In the later stage ofthe war of liberation, the government wanted to move the remains to Chinese Taiwan.However, the blasting of the tombs was bound to damage the remains, which wasstrongly dissuaded by the engineering patriots and leftists. Finally, theremains have been safely preserved to this day.

Along both sides of the square outside the memorial hall, there is a doorleading to the Tomb Park. In the middle is the top of the tomb, which is bellshaped. There is a "exhibition of historical materials on the construction ofZhongshan Mausoleum" on the back wall of the tomb. Nearly 200 precioushistorical materials show the construction of Zhongshan Mausoleum and the safetyprocess of Dr. Sun Yat Sens remains.

In addition to the main building of the mausoleum, there are also somememorial building facilities around the mausoleum. Including the Sutra building,music stage, Guanghua Pavilion, Xingjian Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion, LiuhuiPavilion and so on. Most of them were built with donations from people from allwalks of life and overseas Chinese friends after the Fengan ceremony in 1929. Inaddition, the Boai Pavilion at the top of Meihua Mountain was built with thedonation of a Chinese Taiwan compatriot. It was completed on November 12, 1993, when Mr.Sun was born on the 127th anniversary.

Dr. Sun Yat Sen devoted all his life to the revolutionary cause. Afterliberation, Zhongshan Mausoleum was highly valued by the state, and it wasannounced as a national cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in1961. Today, as one of the "Top 40 tourist attractions in China", ZhongshanMausoleum receives countless Chinese and international friends from all over theworld every year. People come here to pay homage to Dr. Sun Yat Sens greatspirit. Today, the reunification of the two sides of the Chinese Taiwan Strait hasbecome the general trend and the aspiration of the people. Facing the currentsituation of the two sides of the Chinese Taiwan Strait, Chinese people at home andabroad sincerely look forward to the day of the reunification and prosperity ofthe motherland. At that time and that moment, if Dr. Sun Yat Sen had anyknowledge, he would have gone to sleep with a smile.

What we are going to visit today is the Fifth Avenue, which is synonymouswith the small western style building in Tianjin. Speaking of small westernstyle buildings, there are many in Shanghai, Qingdao, Xiamen and Wuhan. But bycomparison, the small western style buildings in Tianjin are the most existing,the best preserved and the most concentrated. From 1860 to 1903, Britain,France, the United States and other Western powers forced the Qing government tosign unequal treaties one after another. Since then, Tianjin was divided by thenine powers. They set up concessions on Chinese land. The most concentrated andlargest area of small foreign buildings was the five main roads of the Britishconcession. According to statistics, there are more than 300 old residences andbuildings of famous people in this area. Compared with other areas, they aresecond to none in terms of regional area, number of cultural relics and moderncelebrity relics.

Five Avenue refers to the rectangular section located in the south ofChengdu Road, north of Machang Road, east of Xikang Road, west of Machang roadand Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin. There are 22 roads with a totallength of 17 kilometers and an area of 1.28 square kilometers.

OK, here we are. I would like to remind you that you must pay attention tosafety and take good care of your belongings. When you get off, please wear thelogo of our travel agency so that you can identify each other. Our license platenumber is Jin a1234. On your right hand side, you can see Tianjin Institute offoreign languages. Our car is parked at the gate of the outer courtyard. Pleaseremember our parking location, take your belongings and get off together.

The place we are standing now is Racecourse Road, the longest of the fivemain roads. It is 3216 meters in length. It is named after the racecourseleading to the British concession. It was once a busy road with officials anddignitaries gathering and crisscrossing. The only French building on Machangroad is Tianjin Institute of foreign languages. It was founded in 1920. Itspredecessor is Tianjin University of technology and industry. It was also thepredecessor of Beijiang Museum and Tianjin Museum of nature. We can see that thebig clock on the front of its main building fully reflects the French Romanarchitectural style. Next to it is the first small western style building on theFifth Avenue and the only Spanish style villa.

OK, lets go on, turn left along Racecourse Road, and we come to Chongqingroad. Now what you see is the only palace on the Fifth Avenue - qingwangfu. Theso-called palace is where the LORD lives. But there is no royal master inTianjin, where is the royal residence? The predecessor of Qing Royal residencewas originally the residence of Xiao Dezhang, the last eunuch in charge in thelate Qing Dynasty. In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched a coup to drive Puyi out ofthe Forbidden City. Zaizhen, the fourth generation of Heshuo Prince of QingDynasty, also moved to Tianjin from qingwangfu in Beijing. In order to find apeaceful residence in Tianjin, Zaizhen chose xiaodezhangs courtyard andexchanged it with a lot of money, land and real estate.

Now follow me in.

I have just said that King Qings mansion was the residence of XiaoDezhang, the last eunuch in charge in the late Qing Dynasty. Then why did XiaoDezhang Hui build a mansion here? Xiao Dezhang was the eunuch favored by the oldBuddha after Li Lianying, and many officials would flatter him. Xiao Dezhang wasfrom Jinghai, Tianjin. After the Qing Dynasty stepped down, he brought a lot ofproperty with his family back to his hometown to buy this house And designed andbuilt by ourselves. Now what you see is a three story building with acombination of Chinese and Western brick and wood structure. First of all, lookat the steps in front of you. Count how many steps there are. You should knowthat every step in the Imperial Palace in Beijing is 9 or a multiple of 9, andthe place where the emperor lives is the Forbidden City with 999 steps. Theso-called heaven has nine weights, and the emperor is the son of heaven,

The Imperial Palace was ordered by heaven to rule the world. Therefore, thebuildings in the Forbidden City are all related to 9. Well, the steps we see noware 17-and-a-half floors. Thats a trick Xiao Dezhang has made. If he takes 18floors, it will surely die, because 18 is a multiple of 9. Here he takes17-and-a-half floors, which means that it is under one person and above tenthousand people. Now the house we see has a history of more than 100 years. Atpresent, it is used for Foreign Affairs Office, so lets go in Dont make toomuch noise,

Because there are still people working.

OK, lets go inside. Look at the glass above. All the glass here isimported from Belgium. All the patterns on it are pierced. The workmanship isvery fine. When you look back at this door, the wood carving is also veryluxurious. Now its in qingwangfu

Most of the buildings we can see inside are the original ones. Letscontinue to walk inside and come to the hall. Standing here, do you feel likethe courtyard in Beijing? From the color of the whole house, you can see thehosts memory of the color of the glass in the Forbidden City.

Directly opposite us, there are three doors, but there are five roomsinside. This is called "three bright and five dark". Now lets go outside andcome to the backyard. Here, we can see the five rooms in the light, three in thedark and five in the dark. You can count them. There are five doors in all. Hereis the room

Its a traditional way of Chinese architecture. When you look back at thesestones, they are all Taihu Lake stones, piled up like mountains. There is abridge in front of you. Its a small bridge with flowing water. Next to it aretwo lions, which means that your son and grandson will be prosperous forgenerations to come.

The following time is for you to have free activities. You can take theSightseeing Coach on the fifth avenue to visit couplets and poems at theaimengyuan culture and Art Museum on Changde Road, and the yueweixian seafoodrestaurant on Hebei road. Its a edible Museum, where are you

We can not only enjoy the rich seafood, but also enjoy the historicalrelics, stone carvings, stone statues, ancient weapons of various dynasties.Please take good care of your finances and pay attention to safety. We willgather in the car in 2 hours.

Hello, everyone! First of all, I represent us_ All the staff of the travelagency warmly welcome you and thank you for your support and trust in our travelagency. My name is carving time. Im a tour guide of Sitong travel agency.Please call me Xiao Liu. Sitting in the front driving position is our teamdriver master Zhang. Master Zhang has rich driving experience. I believe youwill feel comfortable and safe on the way. Today, I feel very honored to be ourtour guide and know so many teachers and friends. If you have any difficultiesand requirements during your journey, please put forward them in time and I willtry my best to serve you. I also hope that you can actively support andcooperate with my work. Here, I wish you a pleasant journey, happy to come andsatisfied to return.

Today, we are going to visit Panshan, which is located at the south foot ofYanshan mountain, 90 kilometers east of Beijing, at the intersection of Beijing,Tianjin, Tang and Chengde. In ancient times, Panshan was called Panlongmountain, Sizheng mountain and Wuzhong mountain. So how did the name of Panshancome from? There are two versions: first, Ji Zhizhen of the Yuan Dynasty said inhis Yunshan collection: "Mr. Tian pan came from Qi in ancient times and livedlate in this mountain, so its called Panshan." The other is what Zhipu, a monkof the Qing Dynasty, said in his records of Panshan: "Wei Tianchou lived inseclusion here, so it was named tianpanshan. Today, if we call it Panshaninstead of Tianpan, we will call it Lushan. "

Panshan is known as "the first mountain in the east of Beijing" in theworld, with the famous sites of "five peaks", "eight stones" and "three plates".The main peak, Guayue peak, is 864.4 meters above sea level. It is surrounded byzigai peak in the front, Zilai peak in the back, Jiuhua peak in the East andWujian peak in the West. At the same time, it is especially famous for Songshengin Shangpan, Shisheng in zhongpan and Shuisheng in xiapan. It is called "Sanpanscenic spot" and is known as "scenery step by step and classic scenery". EmperorQianlong visited Panshan many times and wrote down the famous sentence "if youknew there was Panshan, why go to Jiangnan".

After listening to the above introduction, I believe you have a generalunderstanding of Panshan. How about Panshan? Please visit it in person and thenmake an evaluation. We have come to the parking lot of the scenic spot. Pleaseremember that our car is a white golden dragon, and the license plate is Jina2345. The car is parked on the left side of the parking lot. We are stillgathering on the car at 1 pm. Please lock the window. Please take your valuableswith you. OK, please get off.

Now we have come to the entrance of the tourist area. There is a tall threehole memorial archway. On the front is AI xinjueluo puzuos inscription: "thefirst mountain in Jingdong", and on the back is fan Runhuas inscription: "themountains are Emerald". Now lets go inside and pass the three hole MountainGate with yellow tiles and red walls. On the huge stone facing us, there arefour big characters of "three plates of dusk rain", which was written by MaoChang, the former vice mayor of Tianjin.

Lets walk up the stone ladder path now. Please slow down. Lets come hereand have a look at this huge stone. The word "enter victory" is written on it.Its five feet in diameter and powerful. Its written by Rong Lu, the Bachelorof Wenhua hall, the Minister of military aircraft in the late Qing Dynasty.Enter victory, enter victory means that we have begun to enter the realm ofvictory.

Keep going. Here are two lines of inscriptions on the cliff. One line is"sizhengmenjing". Panshan is also called sizhengshan, which means that it passesthrough the gate of Panshan. The other line is "the sound of horses entering thevalley", which refers to the sound of cars and horses from the rich. There is ahuge stone not far from here. What is it? I knew from the past that this is thefamous yuan gem. It is named because it is wide at the top and narrow at thebottom, and it looks like a yuan treasure. There are several lines on it withbig words: "there are mountains, strange rocks and rare pines here.". If you gofurther, what we see now is Dashiqiao. Emperor Qianlong had a rest here when hevisited Panshan. Now I invite you to have a rest here to have an emperorsaddiction. While you rest, I will tell you a story. One year, Emperor Qianlongcame to Panshan and went to Dashiqiao. Seeing the beautiful scenery here, hemade a decree to have a rest. He wrote the first couplet: traveling in Panshanand circling for several days. Liu Yong beat the second couplet: visiting Reheand drinking hot wine for a few days. As soon as Qianlong heard of Rehe, heimmediately lost his face. It turned out that before that, Qianlong had gone toRehe to leave the palace for the summer. At that time, there was a popularsaying: the emperors villa is really a summer resort, but the people are inRehe. This word spread into his ears, naturally greatly angry. Seeing this, LiuYong quickly broke in and said, "long live, the scenery here is so beautiful.You should make another couplet to let everyone be right." so Qianlongs moodgot better and he added another couplet: bafangqiao Bafang, standing onbafangqiao, watching bafangbafang. This baffled several ministers, and JiXiaolan knelt down in front of Qianlong and blurted out: "long live grandfather,long live kneel down, long live grandfather, long live grandfather, long livegrandfather. So Emperor Qianlong was very happy, and Longyan was very happy.

Well, after listening to the story and having a rest, please continue tofollow me. Our next scenic spot is Tiancheng temple, which is the key landscapeof Panshan tourist area, also known as Tiancheng Fushan temple, also known asTiancheng Dharma Realm. Well, now we have come to Tiancheng temple. It was firstbuilt in the Tang Dynasty. It was expanded and rebuilt in Liao, Ming and QingDynasties. Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, emperors of severalgenerations have visited Tiancheng temple. Emperor Qianlong has visitedTiancheng Temple most frequently, and his double monk Kong Hai has become a monkhere. "Tiancheng Temple" on the temple gate was mentioned by Qianlong. Beforeentering the temple gate, please turn around and take a look at the buildingbehind you - woyunlou, which is two stories high, six Ying, Huadong carved beamsand high ridge cornices. It is very spectacular. Every rainy day, white cloudsoften pass through the valley, or hide the building, or pass through thebuilding. It is very interesting, so it is named woyunlou. At the foot of themountain opposite woyunlou, there is a platform, which is the site of a smallstage. In the past, when Emperor Qianlong was resting in woyunlou, the imperialtroupe performed on the stage.

Now, lets walk into Tiancheng Temple together. The first thing we see isJiangshan Pavilion. These five words were also mentioned by Emperor Qianlong.Please follow me this way, through the winding corridor, we came to a high damplatform, facing the huge stone lying on the back, engraved with the word"quiet". On the east side of the hall, there is a stele made by EmperorQianlong, on which are his personal notes of traveling to Panshan and his poemsabout Panshan. Lets take a look at this ancient Buddha relic Pagoda in theWest. It has thirteen octagonal stories and a delicate structure. On thethirteen stories of dense eaves, there are 104 bronze statues. The pagoda isglittering with gold, and the mountain breeze is blowing slowly. The pagoda wasbuilt in the Liao Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. It is now listed as akey cultural relic protection unit in Tianjin.

taishan mountain in shandong was included as "world cultural and natural heritage" by unesco in dec 1987.

taishan mountain, a typical representative of the chinese famous traditional mountains, is a mountain with a long history and a special historic status. in 1982, taishan mountain was up into the list of state key scenic spots and was formally listed in the directory of world natural and cultural heritage in 1987. it becomes a precious heritage of human being.

taishan mountain locates in the east of north china plain and the middle of shandong province erecting from the shandong hills. it is prominent around other hills. the prominent peak, yuhuang peak, is 1545 meters high and locates in east 117.6 degree, north 36.16 degree. the south of taishan mountain is higher than the north. its south foot of mountain begins from taian city and its north foot of mountain stops in jinan city, the distance between which is 60kms. in taishan mountain, the transportation is convenient with the jinghu railway passing by in the west. in its north is jinan city, which has another name of "spring city". the distance between taishan mountain and qubu is 70kms. many roads and railways such as taifei, taixin, taining, and taiji meet in taian city, which just locates in the south of taishan mountain.

taishan mountain is in a superior geographic location with abundant water and thermal resources, and its climate belongs to the warm temperate zone half wetness monsoon climate. as regard to its historic position, in the ancient times, taishan mountain is a developed region—— in the lower reaches of the yellow river. as regard to its cultural position, it is the center of dongyi culture. in the south foot of taishan mountain, there is da fenkou culture, and there is longshan culture in its north foot, it is the center of qi and lu. and its transportation is more superior. taishan mountain is in a key position where the railway from central plains to shandong peninsula meets the railway connecting the south and north of the east coast. there are no hills between taishan mountain and the capitals in the ancient times as well as the developed regions. this superior condition helps taishan mountain gain the first position among the five famous mountains in china.

故宫又称紫禁城位于北京城中心， 故宫始建于公元1406，1420xx年基本竣工，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修造变得非常华丽，但是人保持着原来的规模，是世界上保存最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

故宫建成后，经历了明、清两个王朝，到1920xx年清帝逊位的约五百年间，历经了明、清两个朝代二十四位皇帝。

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫李雨果，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我李导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥，为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。 故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

Hello, all of you, welcome to the the Imperial Palace in Beijing. Ill give you a brief introduction to the scenic spots here today.

Please follow my footsteps. We are in front of the famous the Imperial Palace Museum. Well, stepped into the gate, a temple - temple we came to the Imperial Palace to the three largest Ting hall, folk known as "jinluandian". It was built in Ming Yongle for eighteen years, in 1420, and in the thirty-four years of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi was rebuilt in 1695. How much is the height of the Taihe temple and how much area is it? Yes, its about 35 meters tall, with an area of 2377 square meters, almost 55 classrooms, and 72 columns supporting all the weight. Its the tallest building in the the Imperial Palace. You see! Which was decorated with beautiful decoration, the middle of a throne, the throne is arranged between 6 Panlong Kim, to highlight the status of the emperor overweening. The Jiulong throne is made of gold from the nanmu Carving Dragon, and it is fine.

Everyone goes right together, and the front comes to the hall of neutralization. The plane and Temple Square, yellow glazed four cuanjian Ding, can be sent! Do you know that? When the emperor is here, marking the play book offering pro.

All of us go along with me, the most prominent in this space is the stone carving of Yunlong. This is the largest stone carving in the the Imperial Palace. The stone length is 16. 57 meters, 3 wide. 07 meters, 1 thick. 7 meters, weighing up to more than 200 tons! You can take a closer look at a look around the stone, engraved with lotus pattern, the lower water Jiang Ya, intermediate carved with nine dragons and foil Cloud State dragon, Yunlong true to life, fine carving.

This is the end of todays explanation, and you can visit it by yourself. I want to remind you: notice that anything can never be touched by hand in order to protect the rare relics. Well gather here in 20 minutes. Bye! I wish you all a good time.

Tourists, Shahu is located between Yinchuan and Shizuishan, at theintersection of Yaoxi highway and Baotou Lanzhou railway, 56 kilometers awayfrom Yinchuan. Our tour bus starts from Yinchuan, about 1 hour to the scenicspot. Let me take this opportunity to introduce the general situation ofShahu.

Shahu is a new tourist attraction. It is named after the Wanqing desert inthe South and the thousand mu Pinghu Lake in the north. Relying on the naturalscenic spots and taking the lake and sand as the content, it has formed theunique style of Saishang tourism, which integrates the appreciation andparticipation, and has attracted a large number of tourists from home andabroad. The total area of Shahu Lake is 45.10 square kilometers, including 8.2square kilometers of lakes, 12.74 square kilometers of mobile sand dunes and24.16 square kilometers of marshes.

Perhaps some tourists would like to ask: How did Shahu Lake form? ShahuLake used to be a butterfly shaped depression in Xidatan of Yinchuan plain. Asearly as 407 ad, there were records of garrison here. After the founding of newChina, Shahu was assigned to Qianjin farm. In the autumn of 1958, mountaintorrents broke out, resulting in the breach of drainage ditches and a largeamount of water discharged into depressions, forming a lake with an area of morethan 10000 mu. Because the shape of the lake is very similar to a big Yuanbao,it is called Yuanbao lake.

In September 1989, Bai lichen, then chairman of Ningxia Autonomous Region,visited Qianjin farm. Attracted by the "sand color" of the lake, he proposed theidea of developing Yuanbao lake and establishing a tourist area. In 1990, Bailichen came here again. With the theme of Lake (Park) and sand (Hill), which aretwo unique resources of the scenic spot, he gladly renamed Yuanbao Lake Shahu.Since then, the construction of Shahu tourist area has begun. Since then, in aseries of activities organized by the National Tourism Administration, Shahu hasbeen promoted to the overseas tourism market together with the famous scenicspots such as Guilin landscape in Guangxi, Tianya Haijiao in Hainan andZhangjiajie in Hunan, becoming the second of the first batch of 35 trump touristattractions in China.

女士们、先生们：

我叫王溦嘉，大家叫我小王就行了。今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆，简称为故宫，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，又称为紫禁城(历代宫殿都象象天立宫，以表示君权受命于天)。由于君为天子，天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的紫宫禁地，故名紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1420xx年)，永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑面积15万多平方米，有房屋9999间，是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威，故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照前朝后寝的古制，布置着帝王发施令，象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北)，左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿宁春宫，和以太妃居住的宫殿慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要，这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四周有角楼，外有护城河。

故宫御花园，原名宫后苑，今俗称御花园，占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅，左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石叠砌而成，上筑御景亭，每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织，评定为世界文化遗产，是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

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There are two ancient castle sites in the open wilderness in the northwestsuburb of Yinchuan city. This is the famous zhenbeibao ancient city in China.The castle is a cultural relic protection unit in Yinchuan City, and is now thelocation of Western China Film and television city.

The two castles were garrison fortresses set up in the Ming and QingDynasties to prevent the invasion of Fucheng (Yinchuan City) by variousnationalities to the north of Helan Mountain. Zhenbeibao also got its name. Thelocal people call them "old castle" and "New Castle". According to localrecords, the old fort was built in the 13th year of Hongzhi (1500), and the newfort was built in the 5th year of Qianlong (1740).

The two fortresses, one south and one north, both face east in the West.The old castle close to the east side of the mountain highway has beencompletely eroded by the wind, and only the remnant walls and broken wallsremain. The city is 175 meters long in the East and West and 160 meters wide inthe South and North. Passing through Huangtu road in the city to the north isthe site of the old castle urn. Another 200 meters to the north is the newcastle. Xinbao city is relatively complete, 170 meters long from east to westand 150 meters wide from north to south. The walls are rammed with loess and aremore than 10 meters high. There is a semicircle urn in the East and a slope onthe south side of the gate to climb the wall. The city wall is 5 meters wide,with crenels 1.8 meters high. There were turrets at the four corners of the citywall, and the base of the turret can be seen.

After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, zhenbeibao has become a touristlandscape in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain with its vigorous and simplestyle. With its unique mysterious charm, it has aroused the strong interest ofmany famous Chinese film artists and has been praised as "a mysterious treasureland" by artists.

On August 27, Dad finally finished his work and fulfilled his promise totake me to Daming Lake in Jinan. The long-awaited wish also accelerated with thehigh-speed railway. His excited mood was like the tree shadow beating outsidethe car window, more like a string of active notes.

The first stop to Jinan is Daming Lake. The first thing you can see is theglazed tiles, vermilion painted pillars, and a row of antique gate buildings.Through the gate buildings, you can see the magnificent Daming Lake and the lushlotus leaves blooming on the shoal, just like a green paper umbrella on thelake. If you look carefully, there is another one A lotus pod, and a fewbeautiful lotus, is really "connected to the sky lotus leaves infinite blue,reflecting the sun lotus another red", echoing with the classical pavilions,feel like watching TV in the south of the Yangtze River.

Whats more amazing is the stone Museum in Daming Lake scenic area. Thereare various kinds of stones in different shapes, such as jade, Taishan stone andso on,

At noon, my father and I went boating on the lake, feeling the quiet andpeaceful atmosphere. Sitting on the boat, we watched the water waves quietly.Occasionally, a few red fish came to the surface, and occasionally a few waterbirds flew out of the island in the center of the lake.

In the afternoon, we went to visit Baotu Spring, which is known as "thebest spring in the world". As soon as we entered the gate, I saw the plump Koiunder the small bridge and flowing water. Some of them were glittering with goldand some of them were charmingly naive. Along the Qingshiban Road and the flowdirection of the spring, we came to the memorial hall of Master Li kuchan.Master kuchan had heard of them for a long time This is the most attractiveplace for those who are interested in calligraphy and painting. It is majesticand lifelike. Let me look at it with new eyes.

After turning around the kuchan master memorial hall, and passing thememorial hall of poetess Li Qingzhao, we come to Baotu Spring. There are a lotof people watching it. From a distance, there are three spring eyes, and thespring water is surging, like three blooming flowers,

Spring clear bottom, fish in groups in the water swimming, carefree is veryhappy.

Perhaps in this beautiful environment, time will pass quickly, thetwinkling of an eye is dusk, my father and I with a reluctant mood, set foot onthe return train.

敬爱的游客们， 大家好!

我是导游杨晓童，今天我将和大家一起游玩金碧辉煌、雄伟壮丽的故宫。

现在来介绍故宫里面的景色，故宫的宫殿建筑无疑是中国现存最大、最完整的建筑群，瞧瞧这儿舒服的龙椅，还是黄金做的，瞧瞧栋梁上的花纹，天花板上的精美图案保存的非常完好。如果你在龙椅旁边往下看，仿佛看见了一大批大臣跪在上面。

故宫还被称为殿宇之海，有整整999间半那么多。

北京故宫气魄雄伟，极为壮观。无论是平面布置，立体效果，还是形式上的雄伟堂皇，都堪称无与伦比的杰作。

好了，故宫的介绍就告一段落，谢谢大家来参观中国的奇迹——故宫。

The scenic spot we are going to visit today is the ancient culture street.The ancient culture street is a street with Tianjin local characteristicscentered on the Tianhou palace. It is located in gongnangong North Street,Nankai District. In 1985, it was reorganized by the municipal government torestore its traditional style and named "Ancient Culture Street". The ancientculture street is different from the general commercial street. It gathers allkinds of handicrafts and cultural goods from all over Tianjin and even the wholecountry. Among them, the willow youth paintings, clay figurine Zhang Caisu andkite Weis kites are most famous at home and abroad. The whole street is full ofstrong Chinese flavor, Tianjin flavor, ancient flavor and cultural flavor.

Well, we have come to the parking lot of the scenic spot. Please rememberthat our car is a white golden dragon, and the license plate is Jin a1234. At 4pm, the car will be waiting for you in Gongbei street. Please take yourvaluables and get off with me.

The first thing that comes into view is a tall and majestic archwayimitating Qing Dynasty, which is decorated with gold and painted with green topand Zhuying. The color picture on it is called xuanzi color picture, and it iswritten with the word "hometown of Jinmen". It definitely points out that thearea near the ancient Culture Street is 820_ In a settlement five years ago, theJin people, who ruled the north at that time, established Zhigu village, themost important prison in Tianjin. Todays Tianjin is based on this area as theoriginal central area, which has been gradually developed and expanded. In thepast six or seven hundred years, Tianjin has always been a prosperous commercialarea in the city, which has played an immeasurable role in the development ofTianjin. It is well deserved to be called the hometown of Tianjin.

Well, please follow me into this street. Youve noticed that many shops inthis street do not have colorful paintings under the eaves and in the rooms.These are Kaiguang Qing style Su paintings, most of which are character stories.Lets take a look at the color paintings of Fangjian, your excellency Jizhen. Onthe top are eight paintings from the romance of the Three Kingdoms, including"the romance of the Three Kingdoms in Taoyuan", "the battle of Lu Bu inhulaoguan", "Lu Bu playing Diaochan in fengyiting" and "refusing Cao inDangyang". On the other hand, Fangjian in Liyuan Pavilion is painted the classicopera Xixiang Ji, which describes the love story between Cui YingYing and ZhangJunrui . In addition to the Su paintings mentioned above, the buildings aredecorated with wood carvings and brick carvings. There are nearly 100 plaques inthe street, most of which are made by famous calligraphers all over the country.You can watch as you walk and savor carefully.

Well, now we have come to the square in front of the palace. The famous TinHau palace is located here. Before entering the Tin Hau palace, lets take alook at the opposite theater building. The theater building is a wooden platformbuilding. It faces west in the East, connects Haihe River in the East, and facesthe square in front of the palace in the West. There is a stage on the top and apassage below_ When the theater was demolished, the theater we see now wasrebuilt in 1985. In the past, the theater was the main place for performinggods. Later, after the Japanese invaders occupied Tianjin, the theater stoppedperforming gods.

OK, now lets turn around and have a look. There are two tall flagpoles infront of the gate of tianhuangong mountain. They stick straight into Yunxiao,which is particularly eye-catching. These flagpoles are 26 meters high. It issaid that when the flagpole was first set up, on the one hand, it hung lights toguide the boats going to and from sanchahekou; on the other hand, it served as afoil for Tianhou palace. Later, it was specially used to hang the long flag ofTianhou title during pilgrimage and temple fair.

Please go on. Now we are looking at the main building of Tianhou palace.Tianjin local folk known as "empress", so the empress palace is also known asempress palace. It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, and was rebuilt andreinforced many times in later dynasties. As we all know, most of the temples inour country face south, but Tianhou palace faces east from the West. Why? Weknow that Tianhou is mainly to protect the safety of navigation. Facing the eastof the temple and the Haihe River, it is convenient for some boat people andmerchants. They can worship Tianhou on the boat when they have no time. Itconforms to the busy shipping demand at that time and meets the needs of thepeople who cant land It is the demand of popular worship.

You follow me into the mountain gate, facing the wooden structure of twocolumns and one floor archway, on the left and right sides are the drum towerand the bell tower. Walking through the archway, we can see the front hall infront of us. In the middle of the hall, there are worshippers of the Dharma GodKing, and on both sides are "Qianliyan", "shunfenger" and "Jiaxie" and"Jiashan".

Now we pass through the front hall and come to the main hall, which is theplace where the goddess of heaven is worshipped. This hall is not only theoldest example of architecture in Tianjin, but also one of the earliest extantMazu temples in China. The one sitting in the middle is empress Hou. As we saidbefore, empress hou can protect the safety of ships passing by. So what God isempress Hou? Since she is called empress Hou, she must be a goddess. She is nota divinity made up of fantasy, but a real person.

The history books say her name is Limmer. She grew up on an island and wasused to water. He often crossed the sea to rescue the fishermen in distress atsea. Unfortunately, he was killed by the typhoon. It is also said that after hisdeath, he appeared to help the refugees from time to time, so the rich merchantson the sea paid money to build Mazu temple, and gradually became the God of thesea. At first, the legend of Empress Dowager only spread in Zhejiang and Fujian,but later it was gradually recognized by the government. In the Song Dynasty,she was named "lady Linghui" and "empress Linghui" successively. In the YuanDynasty, she was named "Empress Dowager", and in the Qing Dynasty, she was named"Empress Dowager". This article is organized by the first model website

Through the main hall, we came to the Sutra Pavilion. Through the SutraPavilion, what we see now is the Qisheng temple, that is, the back hall, whichwas originally used to offer sacrifices to empress dowagers parents, and laterused to store the light wooden statue of Empress Dowager during the Royalassembly. On both sides of Tianhou palace is Tianjin Folk Custom Museum, whichintroduces the rise and changes of Tianjin city, Tianhou palace and the imperialassembly. From the side witnessed the "first heaven after the palace, afterTianjin city" this statement. At the same time, it also displays the city bricksof Tianjin in the Ming Dynasty, the model people of water transport in the QingDynasty, the wedding custom exhibition and so on.

Now you can move freely, and gather at 4 oclock under the archway ofGongbei street.