故宫英语导游词范文【合集20篇】

太原晋祠英语导游词范文3篇

太原晋祠被誉为中国古代建筑博物馆的晋祠是一处自然山水与历史文物相交织的风景名胜区。下面是第一范文网为大家带来的太原晋祠英语导游词，希望可以帮助大家。

Jin temple was built in northern wei dynasty, in honor of ji fa the second uncle danger. Here the house set each other off of each other of, pavilions, halls, Bridges, trees, mountain ring around the water, cultural relic, ancient giant, is a scenery is very beautiful landscape, thus is regarded as a "small jiangnan" in Shanxi Province, is a country one of the few large ancestral hall type classical gardens, renowned Chinese and foreign. Especially the mother house, maid like, fish fen fly beam, difficult old springs scenic spots such as jin temple scenic area is the best. Temple Zhou Bai, difficult old springs, song maid like is known as "quiet" jin temple, has the very high historical value, scientific value and artistic value. Jin temple for the national key cultural relics protection unit, is a shinning pearl of the Chinese culture.

Jin temple scenic spots are from taiyuan, climate conditions and close to downtown, and in accordance with the mountain water, beautiful scenery, is summer, sightseeing visitors. To the jin temple in taiyuan city 8 automated collection bus, 8 road minibus, day and night long time 23:00 early (6 -) and driving time between short (15-20 minutes), comfortable driving environment. Jin temple scenic area convenient accommodation, restaurant, hotel, located around, dozens of hotels, restaurants, restaurant, have excellent service and delicious food, and with local characteristics. Especially the "jin temple rice" with its MingJing bright pure fragrance, taste and drink praise the world. Close to the scenic spot of the jin temple town government effort to catch the tourism in recent years for leading utilities and SanYe (service), catering, entertainment and construction, landscape changes greatly, especially in the scenic spot of accommodation, communications, business, health care, entertainment, shopping environment is more and more get the favour of the Chinese and foreign tourists.

Located in the open ground in front of the jin temple ancient buildings. East of clear water lotus pond, jin temple ancient building is in the west, north and south wing, close to thousands of hectares of paddy field, farmhouse, village. Fu longshan is garden rockery, halfway up the mountain, inlaid stone book "v longshan". Foothills of caves in water, water streaming out from shilong mouth into the pool. Pool has carved stone two arhat, pool have soul stone carving, mago, pool and drinking water, form but wonderful, temperament and interest.

There are DE en lent in central park. Northwest have fairy WengGe, also known as the red cabinet. Because of one of the eight immortals pavilion on consecrate lu dongbin the name. The cabinet was established in the Ming dynasty hongzhi years (1488 1505), the qing emperor kangxi forty-four years (in 1705) rebuilt. And arctic pavilion, the created in Ming dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty architecture, simple dignified, elegant and not common, David has "the ancient tang estate" inscribed copy. Tao ran, village dont house corner, pavilion pavilion show.

Southeast jin temple park, is a water park. Here is commonly known as the south lake, water garden show, there are three Kong Qiao on lake, pedestrian bridge, the bridge on a boat, those jiangnan thorn.

Hexiang assemble, wooden miscellaneous cloth, beautiful scenery, famous taiyuan jin temple, is located in the southwest of downtown hanging urn hill, jin water source, is embedded in the loess plateau of China hexiang garden pearl. It has a long history and was built s no exams, northern wei li daoyuan written book of water injection has been recorded, explain jin temple in more than one thousand five hundred years ago, have a certain scale.

Jin temple is the temple of jinhou, the original is a sacrifice in the early western zhou dynasty Tang Fangguo founding emperor JiYu (i.e., shu yu of tang) ancestral temple. After jin water originating from this, the change of name for jin, so named jin temple.

Jin temple covers an area of more than 40000 square meters, the temple YinYi trees, has been more than thousand years for Qi expansion, development and construction, has been developed from the original sacrifices in the spring and autumn jin the founding emperor of shu yu of tang ancestral temple and become FengSi many people, including various temple, the temple of the god, Buddha, tao, the song, jin, yuan, Ming and qing dynasties, the construction of various temple, hall, building, pavilion, pavilion, Chinese Taiwan hundred bridge, Bridges, pavilions, is a cultural connotation is extremely rich and has an important historical, artistic or scientific value of landscape, thus negative wins at home and abroad for a long time.

The ancient temple, north, south by three parts. Central building to Notre Dame temple as the center, forming a east-west axis. From the temple east gate inside, used to after he in turn water on central axis jingyi, fairy bridge, Jin Rentai, Vietnam lane, on the second floor of the bell and drum, fen fly up, fish beam, the virgin temple, is the main body of the temple building. This set of architectural layout rigorous, modelling is chic, with unique style, art is famous in the world with a high historical value. North east since wenchang palace building, have a lock on hongqiao, dongyue temple, heaven shrines science (guandi temple), neighborhood, jun day joytv, drawing treasure John booth, shu yu of tang temple, lianchi, good spring pavilion, loose water pavilion, branch YunTao original hall, chaoyang hole, hole, hole, laojun cave, stay fung hin, three leaves, reading platform, Lv Zuge, Gu Ting and static grace, etc. This group of construction land criss-crossing, publicizing floor shelf, jagged superimposed, winning by HongLi spectacular, quiet and elegant.

Building in the southern east since - ying building, garden pavilions have flow with LeTing, researched calligraphy and painting, build, Bai Heting, three shrine, really boring pavilion, pavilion, diversion weir, Zhang Lang tower, winding and wash the ear hole, not a ship, the old spring pavilion, jellyfish, floor and Chinese Taiwan Chinese ostrich temple, GongShuZi shrine and so on. This group of buildings are both number crunchers, pavilion bridge ornament, long and springs passing through, beautiful scenery, is landscape characteristics and poetic. South and wang yu temple, JinXi academy, dong shouping art museum, in the holy temple, mountain park, etc. Temple overall layout density, rigorous, yard characteristics of both temples, also rich charm of royal family today, magnificent grand, show originality.

Largest temple and cultural value is the highest building in saint was built in the northern song dynasty years (1023-1032), tang ning first year (AD 1102) rebuilt the virgin of the temple, it was built Shi Gou stylobate, surface width of seven, the deep six, double-hipped roof rested on the top of the hill, surrounded by gallery, between the front porch for two deep, the porch and spacious, are unique in the tang, song building. Deposit in China and in the physical, thus the temple porch around depth reached between the two, this is the earliest one instance. Front pillars carved wooden panlong eight, winding, plate bending, strong of song and yuan period for two years (AD 1087) the original. PanLongZhu shape was seen in sui and tang stone tower door and shrines, in domestic ancient buildings known wooden material, the most ancient.

Inside there are 43 statue of painted sculpture, including Madonna 1, the eunuch like 5, the female officer wearing mens clothing like 4, maid as 33. Except 2 statue of small like the 10) of the Ming dynasty god fill plastic outside, more than the original song dynasty. These statues statue of inherent regulation arrangement broke through the temples, created the real secular life scenes, is song dynasty palace life and reality, guarded hierarchy and vivid, lifelike, is the highest reflect and reflect of sung people aesthetic temperament and interest, is prepared, at home and abroad are extremely rare. Before the house of the marsh fish fly beam structure characteristics of the song dynasty, marsh pillars of the northern wei dynasty relic, is the original song saint years. Marsh flying fish beam is set up on the marsh fish actually modelling cross bridge wings like birds, this peculiar cross bridge type of modelling, beautiful shape, although early recorded in ancient books, occasionally see somewhat in the ancient paintings, but domestic existing physical alone, it is "of collecting the unique, the only one like you", for the study of Chinese ancient bridge construction is extremely valuable. Fly before beam is up, although small, but Jin Dading eight years (AD 1168), the original structure.

Chinas temple architecture for offering pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, enjoy hall, worship at the temple, up sex building although common, is very common, but most are built by the Ming and qing, jin wood up are unique only jin temple, it is all the more precious.

Old before spring, jin temple is the essence of natural sights. On the left side of the true boring booth, is a place where people watch the scenery to stay more. Pavilion on the steps to the waters edge, called "wash ear hole". Water dam, such as jade belt through the waist, chisel holes under the dam has ten, is that the two drainage notoginseng water line.

Jin temple of trees, and people enjoying the scenery. The legendary Zhou Bai, Tang Huai equal within, guandi temple before permanent jingyi, dongyue temple and the virgin north side of the temple, and on to the virgin Zhou Bai most conspicuous on the northern side of the temple. Trees more than 10 m tall, lean lean on south side, green leaf branch, lie in the house above the roof, the virgin into 45-degree Angle with the ground, another cypress supported it in front of the torso, called "last days" parker.

In addition, drawing the treasure John booth in the department of the preface to jin temple inscription and tablet taizong account in dynasty twenty years (AD 646) writing and writing yourself - font for the running script, is deep the romantic charm of wang xizhi, runaway free and easy, bone the grand, elegant tall and straight, is Chinas earliest existing a running script tablet, has important historical and artistic value.

Many scholars in the history of the tour after the jin temple left a lot of good. Great poets in the tang dynasty Li Baiyou "jin temple like jasper water", "microwave squama sedge green" song of eternal; Late song dynasty sima guang has "cold taihang mountain, water garden in the spring" of the sentence; Song OuYangXiuYou "spirit Yu Run vegetation, and cooper with pale smoke".

Where to look at China? Beigu building is full of scenery When you hearthis poem written by Xin Qiji, you will never think of Beigu mountain, which isknown as "the best River and mountain in the world". Beigu mountain is locatedon the east side of Zhenjiang City by the Yangtze River.

My father and I came to the foot of Beigu mountain, and a pool came intoview. There were two high and one low stones in the pool, which were cut in halffrom top to bottom. Before I could see it, my father took me up themountain.

We walked along the mountain road, along the steps, a bend, we saw atombstone, the tombstone engraved with an ancient general, wearing armor, waistsword, back a pair of halberds, eyes bright. In the upper left corner of thetombstone is engraved "Donglai taishici". It turned out that he was taishici, ageneral of the eastern Wu Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms period. According to myfather, he is the first military general in Soochow. I suddenly began to admirea commanding general. After walking around his grave, we went up the mountainroad. Halfway up the mountain, you can see a pavilion. There is a tombstone inthe pavilion. On the tombstone, there is also a man wearing an official hat anda wide robe with big sleeves. I watched it for a long time, but I didnt knowwho he was. Dad saw my mind and said this is Lu su. It suddenly dawned on methat he was Lu Su, the general of Soochow. In the cartoon romance of the ThreeKingdoms, he was a famous counselor, and also became the governor ofSoochow.

Farewell to the tomb of Lu Su, we unknowingly came to the top of themountain, on the top of the mountain we saw a big rusty iron tower. Although thetower is no longer shining in gold and rusty, it is still alive with carvedBuddha statues. According to the introduction, the tower was built in the SongDynasty and has a history of more than 1000 years. I marvel at how skilled thecraftsmen were at that time. Then, we continue to go up, above is the Ganlutemple. We just arrived at the gate of Ganlu temple, only to find that it wasclosed. I feel very sorry, but we saw a large stone plaque at the door, on whichwere engraved several powerful characters of "the best River and mountain in theworld". All of a sudden, I think of seeing the Yangtze River flowing in the skyon the mountain side of the iron tower. No wonder Beigu mountain is known as"the best mountain in the world".

We played on the top of the mountain for a while and then went down. Beforeleaving, I saw the two stones in the pool. I asked my father, "Dad, why arethose two stones split into two?" "Oh, thats a sword testing stone. Its thebig stone that Liu Bei and Sun Quan split in the dark. " It turns out that thereis such a story. No wonder these two stone heads were cut by knives!

Im looking forward to the next time - come back to Beigu mountain whenGanlu temple is repaired.

Dianchi Lake is also called Kunming Lake and Kunming Lake. The great lakein Yunnan Province of China, located in the southwest of Kunming City, togetherwith Xishan on the west side of the lake, is a famous resort for sightseeing andrecuperation. Dianchi Lake is formed by tectonic subsidence, which is injectedby Panlong River and other rivers. Dianchi Lake is the source of Pudu River, atributary of Jinsha River.

Dianchi Lake is very magnificent with broad water surface. Standing on thedragons gate, you can have a panoramic view of Dianchi Lake, known as "thePearl of the plateau". Its charm lies in that it changes with the change of skycolor and cloud in one day.

Dianchi Lake is the sixth largest inland fresh water lake in China. In thepast, there were frequent floods in the areas around the lake. Songhua Dam wasbuilt on the Panlong River and Haikou river was dug to increase the discharge ofDianchi Lake, reduce the floods around the lake, relieve the floods, and ensurethe irrigation of farmland, urban industry and domestic water. The lake producescarp, crucian carp, goldfish, etc.

The origin of the name of Dianchi Lake can be summarized into three kinds.First, from the perspective of geographical morphology, Chang Yu, a native ofJin Dynasty, said in the south central chronicle of Huayang state: "Dianchicounty is governed by a county, so Dianchi is also a state; there are rivers,200 Li around the water, which are deep and wide, shallow and narrow, such asbackward flow, so it is called Dianchi." Another view is to search for sound andstudy meaning, that "Dian Dian is also the highest peak of speech." Some peoplethink that it is the Yi die (Dian), that is, dabazi. The third one is based onthe national appellation. It is recorded in the biography of Southwest Yi inhistorical records that "dian" was the largest tribal name in this area inancient times. After entering Dian, Zhuang Qiao, the general of Chu, became theking of Dian. Therefore, the name of Dian Lake came from Dian Lake tribe.

各位游客，大家好，我叫，大家叫我x导!在这里，我将为您们介绍我国古代文化的瑰宝，位于北京的故宫博物院。

紫禁城建筑原则是前朝后市，左祖右社。左祖右社就是故宫东南的太庙和西南的社稷坛。前朝就是故宫内上朝行礼的宫殿。以前神武门和景山之间曾经有市场，就是后市。

故宫内部宫殿又分为外朝、内廷，以乾清门广场为界，南边是外朝，举行大典的场所，以三大殿——太和、中和、保和为中心，东面文华殿、西面武英殿为两翼。武英殿清朝多尔衮曾经在此摄政，之后改为修书处，修出的书称为“殿本”。文华殿曾为太子居所，后来文渊阁成为藏书处。北边是内廷，中心是乾清宫、坤宁宫，为帝后寝宫，但清朝皇后不住坤宁宫，坤宁宫用于祭祀和皇帝举行大婚典礼的地方。乾清宫清朝雍正以后不再住人，而是接见大臣、举行内廷典礼、皇帝死后停灵所用。后三宫两边有东西六宫，是嫔妃的住所。乾清宫西面养心殿是雍正以后皇帝的居所，处理政事也在这里。

这是故宫比较靠中间的重要部分，此外还有西路慈宁宫、慈宁花园，太后住处，没有开放，我也不太清楚。外东路宁寿全宫，乾隆准备当太上皇时建的，但没有住过。

现在还有流传以前关于紫禁城建筑时的传说，。据说，当初刘伯温修建北京城皇宫的时候，皇上和他的儿子燕王打算把宫殿修盖得间量多点儿、大点儿，总觉得皇上住的地方应当特别华贵，不然就显不出天子的尊严。这天，皇上正要传旨宣刘伯温，就在这个节骨眼儿上，刘伯温来了。 刘伯温一见皇上就说：“启奏万岁，臣昨天夜里做了一个梦，梦见玉皇大帝把臣召到凌霄殿上对臣说：‘你朝皇帝要修盖皇宫，你告诉他!天宫宝殿是一千间，凡间宫殿万不可超过天宫。你还要告诉他，要请三十六金刚、七十二地煞去保护凡间皇城，才能够风调雨顺国泰民安，你要牢牢记住’。玉皇大帝说完这些话，就扑过来一阵白茫茫的香雾，一下就把臣吓醒啦!” 皇上听了觉着很怪，想了想，就下旨叫刘伯温去监造不到一千间，可还得跟天宫差不多间量的皇宫，并去请金刚、地煞来保护皇官。刘伯温领旨就办去了，这事儿一下子就在北京城传开了，老百姓都等着要看刘伯温怎样修盖皇宫，怎样去请三十六金刚、七十二地煞这些神仙来保护皇宫 过了些日子，刘伯温就把事儿全都办好了。皇上一看那宫殿盖得甭提有多华贵了，间量还真是不到一万间，再看宫院里金光闪闪，好像有神仙镇守。皇上愈看愈高兴，当时传旨，给刘怕温加封晋爵，还赏赐了很多珠宝。外邦听说刘伯温请了天神三十六金刚、七十二地煞保护皇城，也就不敢兴兵作乱了。 后来人们才知道，原来故宫里的宫殿是九百九十九间半;天神三十六金刚就是宫殿门口摆着的三十六口包金大缸;七十二地煞就是故宫里的七十二条地沟。

故宫里面的宏伟建筑代表了我国五千年文化的精髓。标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，但我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

Welcome to Xinxian, the old revolutionary base area. Geographically, theold revolutionary base area is generally located in remote areas, withinconvenient transportation, poor natural conditions and peoples livingdifficulties. The county is no exception. After liberation, especially after thereform and opening up, what changes have taken place in the old revolutionarybase areas? Today, Id like to introduce to you the contributions made by thenew counties in the old revolutionary base areas to the Chinese revolution andthe great changes since the reform and opening up.

Xinxian is located in the southernmost part of Henan Province, thehinterland of Dabie Mountains and the junction of Hubei, Henan and Anhuiprovinces. The total population is 330000. From the east to the west ofhengdouxin County in the Dabie Mountains, the Beijing Kowloon railway runsthrough the north and south, and the national highways 106 and 312 pass through.It is 160 kilometers away from Wuhan in the south, Zhengzhou in the north, Hefeiin the East and Xinyang in the south. It is known as the "thoroughfare of thethree provinces" and the "south gate of the Central Plains". Xinxian is the landof red, the cradle of generals. She was the source of "jute uprising", the firstbase of Dabie Mountain area, and the center and capital of Hubei Henan AnhuiSoviet area. The Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, the 25th army of the RedArmy, the fourth detachment of the New Fourth Army and the Central Plains fieldarmy were born here. Lenin, the first plane of the Red Army, flew into the bluesky from here. In the small county with less than 100000 people in those years,55000 people gave their precious lives to the revolution. Deng Xiaoping, DongBiwu, Xu Qianqian, Liu Bocheng, Li Xiannian and other party and state leadershave worked and fought here. New county has 43 generals, known as "generalscounty" known throughout the country. The people of Xinxian county made greatcontributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution.

Dear friends, although Xinxian is located in a remote area, it is rich inproducts. It is known as "gold grows on the mountain, silver is buriedunderground", and has strong advantages of sustainable development. The ruralpillar industry of Xinxian county has formed a scale. The fine forestry,ecological forestry, high-efficiency forest and fruit industry have reached 1.5million mu, and the forest coverage rate has reached 58.2%. Xinxian county is anational key forestry county and ecological demonstration county. It is a famoustown of Ginkgo biloba and Gastrodia elata in China. The output and quality ofchestnut, Camellia oleifera, wild kiwi and tea all rank first in Henan Province.The reserves of rutile, mica, ferrotitanium, granite, quartzite and porcelainclay are very rich and have high mining value. At present, more than 40 kinds ofmineral deposits have been proved. Xinxians annual export of foreign laborservices amounts to tens of millions of US dollars, ranking first in theprovinces export of foreign military affairs.

Xinxian is the transitional zone of North-South climate, and theintersection of the three major plant areas of East China, central China andNorth China. There are many kinds of suitable animals. At present, there aremore than 190 species of various plants and 530 species of wild animals, whichare the treasure house of traditional Chinese Medicine.

During the Ninth Five Year Plan period, more than 900 kilometers of roadswere newly built in Xinxian County, raising 2.3 billion yuan, excavating 12.04million cubic meters of earth and stone, and adding 140.7 kilometers of asphaltroads, which fundamentally changed the backward traffic situation of Xinxiancounty. The road is smooth, the mountain gate is wide open, and the farmersideas have a fundamental change. The forest and fruit industry alone has anannual per capita income of 800 yuan, and the mountain village has finallyopened up a road to prosperity.

Electric power, telecommunication, radio and television also developedrapidly. In 1998, every village in the county was electrified. In the past twoyears, there has been no television. In the past two years, the TV user rate hasreached 80%. The whole county has also realized the program-controlled telephonein every village, forming a modern digital communication network of urban andrural integration.

The social undertakings of Xinxian county have developed in an all-roundway, and the construction of spiritual civilization has achieved fruitfulresults. It has won the title of "advanced county of civilization construction"for four consecutive years.

When it comes to tourism, there are many special tourism resources inXinxian. She has revolutionary monuments such as the branch of the CPC CentralCommittee in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, the Hubei, Henan and Anhui military region,the tomb of General Xu Shiyou, the capital museum, the martyrs cemetery, andother national forest parks such as Tiantai Mountain, Liankang mountain, Jinlanmountain, Baiyun Mountain, Xianglu mountain, huangmaojian, Xizhai, etc. Withbeautiful scenery, birds singing and flowers fragrance, it attracts thousands oftourists from home and abroad.

Issue in the morning, my parents and I flew from Shanghai hongqiao airport direct jinwan zhuhai airport. Off the plane, we went straight to the hotel by taxi and going to the second day go to play long lung ocean kingdom.

Came the next day, I wear a sun hat, back schoolbag, a pair of "is ready, only owe dongfeng" posture. I heard that you can go by ship attractions, quickly let mother to buy a ticket. Bought tickets, I cant wait to have got into the boat. Ten people wow, this is a delicate boat, there was a table, on the top of a wood block the sun. I sat on the soft sofa, enjoy the scenery along the way, before you know it got to the gate of ocean kingdom.

After several checks, we successfully entered the scenic area. My father and I go to service station took a map of scenic spots, carefully studied. After some discussion, we decided to go to play pirate ship.

On the way to rotate the pirate ship, we see the dolphin show, he decided to the next station is to the show. To rotate the pirate ship, I heard that want to wear a raincoat to get in to play, to let mom and dad bought a raincoat. This raincoat wrapped it around my head to toe, let me rest assured bold in to play. The rules of the game is very simple, two people a ship, each a water gun, to shoot someone else will do. "..." , ship turned up, not only follow the big wheel turn, under the irregular rotation, also no wonder mother dare not to play the game, is also a good father and I are not afraid of dizzy. I hasten to other ship targets, has launched a fierce attack. Hits the person also not angry, but very happy smile. , who know mantis catching has a winning game when the shepherds quarrel, just when I concentrate on shooting people, dont know who sneak attack me, shoot me a face of the water, I willy-nilly, suspicious objects near a fire. A play down, my father and I are wet through.

Next, its time to go to the dolphins theater the performance. In the beginning, there were three keepers, with three dolphins took to the stage and then the dolphins jumped into the water with the breeder and send New Year greeting to us. Dolphin show began, some drilling circle, some ball, some of the high jump. Is the most thrilling waltz, stood the breeder and dolphins in the water, hand in hand, dance the waltz in the water, how, good?

We also went to polar explorers see penguins, go to the sea lions pavilion zero distance contact sea lion... Almost every venue to line up, see the Marine animals stars too popular.

It is located on the Nanlang mountain between Sham Shui Wan and Wong ChukHang on Hong Kong Island, covering an area of 150 acres. The park is dividedinto low land and high land. The low land is called "huangzhukeng Park", whichis the main entrance of Ocean Park. The high land is called "Nanlang MountainPark", which is located in the south of Nanlang mountain. There is an overheadcrane between the high land and the low land for tourists. As early as 1955, theplan for the construction of the park was put forward. At the beginning, thegovernment agreed to allocate 30 acres of land and the Jockey Club invested HK$78 million. Later, the land was allocated to 150 acres and the investmentincreased to HK $150 million. At first, only a "Marine Aquarium" was planned tobe built. Later, it was changed into an ocean park, which was officiallycompleted and opened on January 10, 1977.

There are three pavilions in Nanlang mountain highland of Ocean Park,namely marine animal performance hall, Haitao hall and ocean hall. The marineanimal show hall has a huge pool with a stand for more than 3500 spectators. Theanimals performing here include specially trained sea lions, dolphins and killerwhales. Their wonderful performances often arouse the audiences cheers andcheers. Haitao Pavilion is equipped with rock coast like rockery and pool. Assoon as the electric wave machine starts, the waves roll and rise and fall up toone meter high. There is an underwater glass viewing room here. Through theglass, you can watch all kinds of beauty of marine animals roaming in theunderwater. The aquarium is divided into two parts, the shallow lake and thedeep lake. There are more than 300 kinds of fish, 30000 of which live in thelake, including shark, devil fish, grouper and so on. There are three layers ofglass walls around the lake, outside which visitors can watch the activities ofunderwater fish.

An important symbol of Ocean Park is the aerial cable car (crane), with atotal length of 1.4 km. It connects the lowland at the foot of the mountain withthe highland of Nanlang mountain. When walking at an altitude of 200 meters, thewhole journey can be completed in 6 minutes. Visitors can overlook the sceneryof deep water bay, shallow water bay and lowland park at an altitude. There are250 cranes, each with six seats, which can carry 5000 passengers per hour. Inrecent years, in order to attract more tourists, the park has continuously addednew facilities, including various video games, such as Ferris wheel and rollercoaster, and opened up a large-scale water park.

Key points of Tour: to the ocean park, you can not but take the cable carto overlook the beautiful scenery of the mountains and the sea. Otherattractions that cant be missed are: aquarium, Ocean theater, Haitao Pavilion,shark Pavilion, crazy roller coaster, mountaineering elevator, Pacific coast,ocean skyscraper, super dynamic cinema, bird paradise, butterfly house, DinosaurTrail, childrens Kingdom, speed trip, adventure in ancient countries and HongKong Jockey Club giant panda Park.

Cable car and elevator: Ocean Park is divided into two parts: lowland andhighland. The two are connected by cable cars. There are 252 cable cars, whichcan carry 4000 people per hour. The whole journey of the cable car is 1.5km longand takes about 8 minutes to complete. From the cable car, visitors can enjoythe beautiful scenery of deep water bay and Aberdeen. In addition to taking thecable car, another way to get to the highland is to take the second longestoutdoor covered escalator in the world from the entrance of Dashu Bay. This 225meter long climbing elevator can carry 4000 people up and down a 30 degree slopeevery hour. I believe that in addition to people who are afraid of heights,taking this elevator is definitely an exciting and interesting program.

Ocean World: most of the exhibitions on marine life are in highlands. TheOcean Museum is one of the most popular places for tourists. After a renovationcost of HK $65 million, the new aquarium takes the coral environment in theIndian Ocean and Pacific Ocean as its new theme. The aquarium is not only hometo more than 4000 fish belonging to 400 species, but also one of the largestsimilar facilities in the world. The aquarium can accommodate up to 600 visitorsat the same time. Visitors can enjoy the beautiful posture of various fish fromdifferent angles through the glass in the four storey aquarium.

Pacific Coast: the newly established Pacific coast of Ocean Park imitatesthe natural environment of California coast in the United States, breedingCalifornia sea lions and spotted seals, composing another "unique ocean worldjourney", bringing unprecedented interactive fun to tourists.

Ocean theater: Ocean theater is a good place for marine mammals to showtheir skills. There are 3500 seats in the theater, providing visitors withseveral wonderful, interesting and lovely dolphin and sea lion performancesevery day.

Shark house: in highland, the shark house, which cost 40 million Hong Kongdollars to build, has raised nearly 70 sharks, with a total of about 35 species,including the fun looking "fat baby" Brown shark. There is an 11.5-meter-longtransparent fiber viewing tunnel, in which tourists feel as if they are in thedeep sea, and the sharks are also within reach.

Motorized Games: Crazy roller coaster is located on the Highlands,extremely exciting and fun, but also the worlds longest and fastest rollercoaster. In addition, other mobile games, such as flying swings, Ferris wheeland flying eagle, are also very exciting, which cant be missed by tourists wholike excitement.

Overlooking the scenery - Ocean skyscraper: in addition to dynamic games,visitors who like to watch can go to the ocean skyscraper built with HK $30million and look around from the tower 72 meters above the ground. Oceanskyscraper tower was built in highland in 1992. With air conditioning, it is thetallest observation tower in Southeast Asia. On the top floor of the skyscraper,visitors can view the charming scenery of Aberdeen, peak, Lantau Island, LammaIsland and Cheung Chau from 360 degrees.

Bird Paradise: located in Dashu Bay, bainiao house is one of the largestbird houses in the world. There are more than 20__ birds belonging to 200species flying in bainiaoju, and visitors can walk around in the forest scenerywithout separation. Bainiaoju also has parrot garden, bird theater, red storkpool and artificial lake.

LVYE Garden: Super Dynamic cinema covers an area of 900 square meters, witha total of 100 seats. With the oil pressure seats, the picture on the 15 meterhigh screen swings up and down, and the lifelike image and high fax soundeffect, visitors will have unlimited exciting "super dynamic feeling" when theyare in it.

Butterfly House: in the green garden of lowland. Butterfly house is acocoon type glass greenhouse, in which the temperature and environment are mostsuitable for butterfly life. There are more than 25 species of butterflies inthe butterfly house, with a total number of more than thousands.

In the Dinosaur Trail, 17 dinosaur models were built. Tourists can followthe footprints of dinosaurs, slowly step into the primitive era, and return tothe world of the jungle Dinosaurs: to see the life of dinosaurs from hatching,growing up to adulthood. In the green garden, the ancient adventure will takeyou back to the ruins of the ancient rainforest. All the wild animals and plantswe met during the journey are real objects, large and lifelike, as well ashigh-altitude diving performance, which will make you refreshing.

Childrens Kingdom: the "childrens kingdom" with an area of 3.5 Mu wasopened in the summer of 1993, providing a new and interesting thing for afamily, especially children. In the childrens Kingdom, there are sightseeingtrains, "sea lion happy station" performance of "happy little theater",remote-controlled cars and boats, technical Games "happy game city", and"Dolphin school" mode.

"Journey at top speed" downer: the "journey at top speed" downer allowspassengers to slowly rise vertically, rise to the top of a 60 meter tower in 20to 25 seconds, then stay in the air for a few seconds, and then make a 40 milesteep descent to the ground. The whole descent is about 30 to 40 seconds, whichis extremely dangerous.

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫张豪乾，大家怎么称呼我呢?叫我张导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。

故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

首先我来介绍故宫的概况。

故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(142019年)永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有62019年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学非常发达的国家，早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中，人们发现，有一颗星的位置是不变的，始终居于天空的正中，它是紫微星，也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣，也就是永乐皇帝在142019年开始营建的，用了2019年的时间才全部建成，1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半，实际上是8700多间，是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列，并向两边展开，左右对称，格局严正，气魄雄伟，极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时，不仅仅可以亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦，还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道，这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的，您定会爱不够，也看不够。再者说，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”，因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上，建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了，那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢?不要着急，这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。192019年，辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治，192019年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说，这座宫殿应该收归国有。可是，按照当时的规定，溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分，长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天，冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟，将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫，同时成立“清室善后委员会”，接管故宫，并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备，1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天，为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝，许多人拥向故宫，北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞，这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天，到底接待了多少游客，我们不知道。可这几年，每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的，算起来，每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了，在这么长的时间，尤其是新中国成立后，故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面，取得了巨大的进步。您知道吗?目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件，占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一，其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢?那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢?这150多万件文物种类齐全，包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器，以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来，故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外，又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆，并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。另外，你还可以到故宫的网站上看看，网址是：.. (D是英文Digital 数字的意思;PM是Palace Museum，故宫的意思。中文意思就是数字故宫。

城池

午门 是皇宫的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝，它的地位非常重要，许多重大仪式都是在这里举行的。比如：每年农历十月，皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外，打完仗，将士得胜回朝后，要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节，这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天，而且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩，显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而，说到这午门，大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实，这句话纯属误传，北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎么传出来的呢?过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政，经常出现意见不和的情况。在明朝时，皇帝就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子，它是一种碗口粗的毛竹，里面还要灌上水银，据说是为了加大杀伤力，几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间，就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门 故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外，还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟，每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。这里说的更，是过去人们对夜间的计时方法，一更约为两个小时，一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点，正是三更的时候，所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后，在击鼓报初更之前，先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静，紫禁城里的人们，都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门 是整个明代皇宫的东门，与西华门一东一西，遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为，而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门，门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同，是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地，或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故，大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼 在紫禁城高高的城墙上，有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠，镶嵌在高大的城墙上，它们不仅是我国，也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂，它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造，还有一个故事呢，我来说说吧。 相传，明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时，特意指定要在紫禁城的死角，各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼，并且限期100天，盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿，这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了，工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是，来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子非常精致漂亮，大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸，“一根梁，两根梁…..”一数，一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎，这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家非常兴奋，突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿，可一看，老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说，这是鲁班爷显灵，来救我们了。于是，工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河 紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米，深6米的护城河，河岸陡直，由条石砌成，俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间，戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山，玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥，流到市中心的后海，然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流，经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕，农历七月，荷花盛开，十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外，剩余的拿到市场上卖，所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河，一条是内金水河，一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前，其水系来自护城河西边的河段，护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后，进入地道，在从织女桥流出，绕过社稷坛，从外金水桥流过，经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸，流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水，河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流，在慈宁花园墙外向东南转，蜿蜒经武英殿，在太和门前广场形成一个优美的拱形渠，然后转向北流经文渊阁，在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延2019多米，河上共有大大小小21座桥，还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外，增加精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门 朋友们，到了皇宫，您一定想知道皇帝上早朝的地方吧，太和门，就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证，就是大家所说的上早朝，由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。 在人们的印象中，皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里，其实不然。每天清晨，皇帝从后宫出来，坐在这太和门种种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序，站在门下的广场上，向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士，负责记录皇帝的意见，退朝后再稍加整理，颁行天下，这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”，国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到这里，也许您会想到：在露天的门外办公，万一刮风下雨怎么办呢?其实别说刮风下雨，就是平常这里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定：皇帝和大臣们每天都要上早朝。不过，制度是死的，人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋，后代的皇帝就贪图享乐，把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外，中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡，则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候，将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥 在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥，这就是著名的金水桥。您知道它为什么叫“金水桥”吗?我先说桥下这条河的水，它来自京城西面的玉泉山，从紫禁城的西北进入，东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说，就是金木水火土这五种物质，认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金，所以取名“金水河”，那上面的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了，我们都知道，天安门外也有金水桥，那是外金水桥，而我们眼前的是内金水桥，这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用，也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道，故宫中的水源是很少的，一旦宫殿着火，金水河里的水就非常珍贵了。

太和殿 在宽阔的太和门广场上，广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道，这条御道当年只有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望，在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上，有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿，也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米，比现在的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基，为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构，而木材本身又不可能很高大，于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起，以增强气势。 在紫禁城所有宫殿中，以这座金銮殿最受尊崇，当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在这里举行。比如说，皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后，还有在发生战争时派将出征，都要在太和殿举行非常隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典，皇帝要这里接受百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆，也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节，皇帝也要在这里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们现在的新年，而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天，古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子，值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天，次日在太和殿接受王公大臣的朝贺，而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自己的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把，这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队，文武百官就跪在这御道的两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上，接受官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要，在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅在紫禁城内，就是从全国范围看，也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面，高达35米，比现在的10层楼房还要高。讲到这里，不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看，这么大的一个广场，怎么连一颗树也没有?原来，这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想，如果这里松柏参天，三大殿掩映在树荫之中，那还能有现在这种气势马?再者说，这里是举行重大典礼的地方，要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木，仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响，将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来，是这些宫殿建筑的功能，决定了这里不能种树。 在太和殿的汉白玉台基上，有许多青铜鼎，其实那时香炉，因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的，所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉，象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时，就在香炉腹部装上香料，然后将香料点燃，18个香炉就一起散出缕缕青烟，使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。 太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落，各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上，中间插一根铁针，周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时，铁针的投影指向哪个时刻，就表示是什么时辰了。它叫日晷，是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置，是一座石头亭子，它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具，一直到近代，人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代，时间和度量衡是非超重要的，它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间，只有天子才能代表上天，行使规定时间和计量的权力，它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的，但还有一定的寓意。我们都知道，龟、鹤是长寿的动物，在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤，象征着国运永昌。 我们都知道故宫有8700多间房子，而这太和殿，就有55间，这是怎么回事呢?因为在古代，我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子，而太和殿是横11间、纵5间，就是55间了。所以说，整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。 摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅，就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成，从明朝到清朝一直是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度，给人一种非常稳定的感觉，象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子，靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子，他表面贴的是金箔，6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅，把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的，每根高12米，直径1米多，两个人都抱不过来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具，要采伐、运输这么的木材，实在是一件非常艰难的事情。 在太和殿的天花板上，有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称，就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙，就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下面，吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球，它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究，您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝，而咱们现代人都是它们的后代，所以中国人都说自己是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”，而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜，表示自己三正统黄帝，而且有轩辕氏的保佑。 太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗?指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的，那它为什么会叫金砖呢?这种砖是在今天苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的，所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时，听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之，这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成，可是由于它的制作方法独特，工艺复杂，它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚固，尽管经历了几百年的摩擦，依然光亮如镜，再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的，所以，冠以“金砖”的美名，也是名副其实。

中和殿 太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑，是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前，皇帝从后宫出来，在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后，有专门的人来导引着皇帝，沿中间的御道，从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座，就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭，整个大典便开始了。由于这里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方，所以他在后来逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中，有一项很特殊，那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分，皇帝要到先农坛，那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”，就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理，但到了春分那天，皇帝要亲自到这块田地上，扶扶犁，锄锄地，这叫行“亲耕礼”，祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前，要在中和殿举行一个仪式，看一看他要用的农具，这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了，中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在这里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样，也有自己的家谱，皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉，牒是通牒的牒，每隔十年重修一次。这里要说明一句，皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒，但并不是用玉制成的，也是用纸张书写，只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵，才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途，是皇帝在这里为皇太后上徽号。皇帝为了表示孝道，要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号，叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座非常著名的宫殿，在明清两朝，这里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日，皇帝都要在这里宴请文武百官，以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖，像西藏的高僧，蒙古王公来皇宫，皇帝也要在这里设宴款待，以示笼络。公主出嫁，皇帝也要在这里宴请亲家，表示对他们的尊重。然而，保和殿在读书人的心目中，地位是最高的，因为从清朝乾隆年间开始，保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能，成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元，就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎，暮登天子堂。将相本无种，男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗?它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛，晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”，指的就是这保和殿。这里形容读书人的一步登天，其实当年可不是这样的。在当年，能够到这座大殿内参加考试，就应经是非常非常不容易了。因为来到这里的考生，都是从全国众多学子中，经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人，熟读“四书五经”之后，首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人，到县衙大堂，见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”，考中为举人，举人就可以做县令之类的小官了，社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗，在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试，考官们徇私作弊的情节。其实，中举对于科举之路来说，只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试，所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次，由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上，整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束，皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式，称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场，皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元，第二，第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人可以很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城，这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕 故宫中，在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕，用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰，显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中，保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案，从上到下，刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙，嬉戏于云海之中，非常生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的，现在长16.57米，宽3.07米，平均厚度1.70米，重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村，距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前，没有任何现代化运输工具的情况下，是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢?这是一个非常有趣的话题。简单地说，就是借助冰，是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村，每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节，从井里把水提上来，泼在路面上，就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们知道，饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情况下，仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马，用了近一个月时间，耗银11万两，才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里，其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前，都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸 故宫里有许多大缸，您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢?这些缸是储水防火用的，故宫里现在总共有308口铜缸或铁缸，分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点，缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷，户外的水很容易结冰，所以入冬以后，专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套，上面盖上缸盖，低下烧上炭火，一直烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火，基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的，缸外面是镏金的，一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙，十分华贵气派。可是，如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边，会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎么回事呢?说道这儿，我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前，也就是公元192019年，八国联军以镇压义和团的名义，侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后，对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠，抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像，许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面，金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去，留下横七竖八的刀痕，引起我们痛苦的回忆，提醒我们要勿忘国耻，自强不息!

横街

在保和殿和乾清门之间有条狭长的广场，是紫禁城内的一条分界线，称“横街”，又叫乾清门广场。横街以南是外朝，是举行重大典礼的场所。横街以北是皇帝后妃们居住的地方。从这里向北的一片金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是紫禁城的内廷。在内廷紫禁城的中轴线上有三座宫殿，依次是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫，称为后三宫，再往北是御花园。两侧各有六座规制相同的院落，就是妃嫔们居住的东六宫和西六宫。东六宫的东侧，有皇帝供奉祖先的奉献殿和乾隆打算养老的宁寿全宫。在内廷中轴线的西面，有一大片宫殿，是供太后、太妃们居住的慈宁宫、寿康宫。另外，还有一座很高的建筑，与周围其他殿堂有很大差异。那是外西路的一处佛堂，叫雨花阁，是故宫中最大的一处佛堂。这座阁楼的形制与其他宫殿明显不同，它的四个屋脊各雕有一条铜铸镏金的龙，四条游龙栩栩如生，呼之欲出。

军机处 在乾清门西高墙边，有排又矮又小的房子，比起紫禁城里那些高大的宫殿，它们实在是太不起眼了。可是正像俗话所说的“人不可貌相”一样，这几间小房子也非比寻常，因为这就是鼎鼎大名的“军机处”所在地。您在各种文学、影视作品中所看到的“军机大臣”，就在这里值班。清朝为什么要把军机处那样一个非常重要的机构，放在这么一个不起眼的地方呢?就是因为这排房子的一墙之隔就是皇帝居住的养心殿。雍正初年，西北地区放生大规模的武装叛乱，军情紧急，雍正皇帝经常在养心殿昼夜不停的和大臣们商量如何评定叛乱。为了随时召见这些大臣，雍正便将养心殿外这排平房作为大臣们休息和等候的地方。这样一来，既节省了时间，又有利于保密。于是，军机处成为正式的国家机关，国家的军政大事都在这里决断，而本来掌握朝政大权的内阁变成空架子。军机大臣的人选要皇帝亲自在大学士、尚书、侍郎等大臣中选任。这样军机处就完全置于皇帝的直接控制之下了。而军机大臣确实有一定权势。要是没有过人的才能，还是不可能成为军机大臣的。一位大臣初入军机处，叫学习“行走”，他每天的工作就是誊写诗片。皇帝每天口诵所制诗文，这位大臣只能肃立静听，然后回到军机处根据记忆将皇帝的诗文誊些出来，也能做到准确无误了，才能参加撰写皇帝的谕旨。皇帝的谕旨，有时一天好几次，有时一说就是几百句话，听了以后，仅凭记忆，要能写的完全符合皇帝的本意才行。您说，这活儿容易吗?

景运门 在明朝时期可是戒备森严，没有皇帝的诏令，就是王公大臣也不能进入。因为，这是进入皇宫内院的必经之门。在景运门西面，有一个和它正对着的门，叫隆宗门，隆宗门的作用及管理办法，和景运门完全一样的。

后三宫

乾清门，它和南面的太和门有异曲同工之处。太和门是明朝“御门听证”的场所，清朝则改在这里。清代的许多重大国事比如平定吴三桂等人的叛乱、抗击沙皇俄国的侵略、出兵收复中国台湾等。都是在这里讨论决策的。乾清门内是一个不大的院子，周围有一些看上去很普通的长廊式房屋，您可千万别小看这些没有气派的平房，中国历史上许多重大历史事件就发生在这里。您听说过康熙智擒鳌拜的故事吗?这历史上真实的一幕，就发生在乾清门西侧的叫南书房的屋子里。康熙做皇帝的时候只有8岁，又鳌拜登四名大臣辅政，鳌拜居功自傲，专横跋扈。有很大野心。他通过大肆结党营私，迫害异己逐渐总揽了朝廷大权，干了许多坏事。康熙14岁时，名义上正式亲政，可实际上鳌拜仍然控制着朝廷，把康熙置于傀儡地位。有一次，鳌拜和一个大臣发生争执，鳌拜在朝堂上，就和皇帝大吵大闹，后来竟然撸起袖子、伸出拳头，胁迫康熙。康熙只好暂时忍耐。从那以后，康熙决心除掉这块绊脚石。然而鳌拜是满族贵族中有名的“勇士”武功极好，又手握大权，在朝中有一大帮党羽，要扳倒鳌拜也不是件容易的事。康熙决定智取，假装迷上了摔跤，他让人找了十几个身体强壮并和自己年龄相仿的少年，天天在一起玩摔跤。有时鳌拜进宫办事，看到小皇帝这样贪玩，认为不会有什么作为，就更加不把皇帝放在心上，做着独揽大权的美梦。经过一年多的训练，康熙认为时机已经成熟，便在康熙八年五月的一天，召鳌拜来南书房讲书，当时这里是康熙读书的地方。当鳌拜像往常一样趾高气扬的走进去时，突然拥上一帮少年，连拉带绊把他按倒在地，鳌拜还以为这帮孩子在跟他开玩笑。当他被捆绑住后，康熙严厉的列举了鳌拜的30条罪状。考虑到鳌拜毕竟为清朝立下过汗马功劳，宣布将他终生监禁。不可一世的鳌拜后来死在狱中。这一年康熙皇帝才16岁。

乾清宫 是皇帝的寝宫，明朝的14位皇帝和清朝的顺治，康熙两位皇帝都曾在这里居住，并在这里批阅奏章、召见官员、接见外国使节。从清朝第五代皇帝雍正开始，将寝宫移到了养心殿。宫殿里宝座的上方，悬挂着一块牌匾，上面写着“正大光明”四个大字。这块匾是康熙皇帝临摹顺治皇帝的笔迹写成的，在学多电视剧中出现过，可以说它是紫禁城中最重要的一块匾，为什么这么说呢，有两个理由：首先“正大光明”这四个字是清朝皇帝标榜的祖训格言，制成扁悬挂在这里，作为立身、齐家、治国、平天下的基本准则。再者，它和清朝雍正皇帝创立的秘密建储制度有关。储是储存的储，建储业叫立储，就是确立皇位继承人。我国历代王朝，大都采取公开建储的方式，立为太子的多是嫡长子，也就是皇后生的第一个儿子。可是皇帝的儿子一般都很少，不少皇子都做着皇帝梦，他们为此往往拉帮结伙、勾心斗角，甚至发展为同胞骨肉互相残杀，您看过电视剧《康熙王朝》吗?剧中的康熙皇帝就因为建储而遇到问题：他曾两次立嫡长子胤礽为太子，又两次把他废掉。此后康熙便不再提太子的人选，直到他临死之前，才下诏书，让四子胤祯继承皇位，这就是雍正皇帝。由于康熙朝的太子长期不定，而雍正即位又比较突然，所以民间就盛传雍正是偷改了康熙皇帝的遗诏而登上皇帝宝座的。据说，康熙写的是“传位十四子”，雍正勾结负责传召的故名大臣隆科多将“十”字上面加一横，下面加意钩，改称了了“于”字，成为“传位于四子”。事实果真如此吗?据清史专家考证，这种传说是靠不住的，因为清代这种传位诏书要用满汉两种文字书写。这样看来，雍正并不是靠篡改诏书登上皇位的。雍正皇帝即位后，吸取历史教训，决定将公开立太子的制度，该为秘密建储。秘密建储的做法是，皇帝在位时不公开确立太子，通过对皇子们的全面考查，选定皇位接班人，并秘密的将这个皇子的名字写在两份诏书上，一份由混各地随身带着，另一份装在一个小盒子里，密封好后，就放在这块“正大光明”匾背后。当皇帝病危时或去世后，由朝廷重臣和王公贵族，一起把这两份诏书取出来，对照无异后，即按照上面的名字公布下一任皇帝。这种方法确实减少了皇子之间的争斗。雍正皇帝设立了这种秘密建储制度后，他的儿子乾隆皇帝就是以这种方式登上皇位的。

交泰殿 是以做四方的亭式建筑。这座宫殿上的彩画图案和其他宫殿的是有区别的。所绘彩画是一对对飞翔凤凰，而其他宫殿基本上都是一对对游龙。在封建社会，龙是皇帝的象征，而凤凰是皇后的象征。皇后头上戴的是凤冠，穿的是凤头鞋，住的是凤楼。说到这儿您是不是已经想到了交泰殿的用途，原来这交泰殿是宫内专门为皇后准备的正殿。在皇宫中，皇后的地位也是非常尊贵的。每年的一些重要节日，如元旦，还有千秋节，也就是皇后的生日，皇后就会端坐在交泰殿内的宝座上，接受宫内嫔妃以及一些高级官员大夫人的朝拜。殿内正上方悬挂的那张匾写有“无为”二字。这两个字很是耐人寻味，无为是古代的一种政治思想，讲究清静无为、清心寡欲，其实就是不要有太多的作为，凡是要顺其自然。交泰殿虽然不大，里面的陈设却非常丰富。宝座两旁有一些蒙着布的方架子颇引人注目。当年这些架子上放置着象征皇权的大印，一共有25方，习惯上称为二十五宝，这些都是乾隆皇帝亲自选出来的。在殿的两侧，还有两件大型计时器，东边的叫“铜壶滴漏”，西边的叫“大自铭钟”。铜壶滴漏是中国古代传统的计时器，大自铭钟是吸收西方近代科学仿造的钟表。

坤宁宫 是后三宫的最后一宫。我们知道后三宫中最前面的是乾清宫，从名字上看，按照中国传统文化的解释，这“坤宁”二字同乾清宫的“乾清”二字是非常对应的，“乾”指天，象征着阳;“坤”指地，象征着阴。“清”“宁”都是表示安定、和谐的意思。您该猜到坤宁宫的作用了吧!乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，那坤宁宫自然是皇后的寝宫了。在明朝，除了个别失宠的皇后外，其他皇后都住在这座宫殿内。清代，顺治和康熙时期，皇后依然住在坤宁宫里。到了雍正皇帝时，由于皇帝搬出乾清宫，皇后也就不再住坤宁宫了，于是对坤宁宫作了改建。从此，这座古老的宫殿在结构和功能上，都发生了有趣的变化。首先说，这座宫殿的正门不居中，而是偏向东边，这是东北地区满族的建筑特色，再者说，坤宁宫的窗户纸都糊在窗棂的外面，过去人们说东北三大怪，其中就有这“窗户纸糊在外”。在风沙大地区，这种把窗户纸糊在密集的窗棂外面的方法，既可以使窗户纸不易被风刮破，还可以使窗棂上不落灰尘。屋内的陈设，就更有特色了。大殿的西半部分较大，是萨满教举行祭神的场地。萨满教是满足的民族宗教，在东北地区非常流行，它是一个多神教，佛教中的释迦牟尼、观音菩萨，汉族民间祭拜的关云长，以及山里的虎、鹿、猪、熊，路边的石头、树林等都是萨满教的祭祀对象。坤宁宫东侧是皇帝皇后大婚的洞房。按照礼仪，帝、后新婚，要这这里住满三天。三天之后，皇帝搬到养心殿，而皇后在东西六宫中中选择一宫居住。洞房中的陈列室末代皇帝溥仪和他的“皇后”婉容大婚的原状。洞房的墙上涂着红漆，地上铺着红地毯，到处都是红色，在洞房的门口和东侧过道的木影壁上，各有一个大红底金色双喜字，寓意着“开门见喜”。靠窗户的大炕，是皇帝和皇后因交杯酒、唱交祝歌的地方。屋内靠西北墙的地方摆有皇帝和皇后的龙凤喜床。

坤宁门 是御花园的入口。到了这里，古柏老槐扑面而来，有一种神清气爽的感觉。御花园的面积并不大，它东西长130多米，南北宽90米，总面积不超过12019平方米。但古代的工匠们就利用这一方小小得天地，安排了各类建筑20多座、古树160株，还有两座假山、两方水池及散布其间的大量奇花异石，使御花园显得格外典雅、幽静，幽赏起来，美不胜收。

御花园

钦安殿 走进天一门，在钦安殿的前面，您能看到两棵长的很奇特的柏树。这两棵树的根和主干彼此独立，但从树杈上就相依相偎，难分彼此了。人们称它为“连理树”、“连理枝”。古代人把这种连理枝又叫“合欢树”、“夫妻树”。其实它们不是天然形成的，在它们很小的时候，园艺工匠就将它们拧到了一起，最后长成了这个样子。您知道吗，钦安殿是整个故宫中最古老的建筑，它是从明代保存下来的，距现在已经有580多年的历史了。明清两朝都在这里供奉玄武大帝。玄武大帝也叫真武大帝，是水神。皇宫都是木结构的房子，非常怕火，过去由于没有避雷针，曾多次着火。特别是太和殿，因为最高大，更容易遭受雷击，自明初建成以来，曾经发生五次较大的火灾。所以封建帝王们特意在宫中专门找一个宫殿供奉水神，祈求保佑皇宫的安全。而且，这连理枝前的门叫天一门，门的名字也跟水有关系。《易经》上说“天一生水”，水是灭火的，于是起这个名字，用水镇火，图个吉利。我们都知道，浙江宁波有一座明代的藏书楼叫“天一阁”，也是取这个意思。当然，这些都是一种心理上的安慰罢了。

养性斋 是座凹字形的两层楼阁式建筑。它的外墙倚着御花园的墙壁，海棠树、太湖石环绕周围，环境很优雅，在这儿居住一定很舒服。谁在这儿住过呢?他就是末代皇帝溥仪的英文老师。这位英文老师是苏格兰人，中文名字叫庄士敦。他是一个中国通，中国话也讲的非常流利。在电影《末代皇帝》中，就有这位英文教师的镜头。溥仪在《我的前半生》中写道，自己念书厌烦的时候，庄士敦能循循善诱，“讲些山南海北、古今中外的掌故。”他称赞庄士敦是自己的又一个灵魂。因此，溥仪特意把这养性斋，赏赐给庄士敦当书房兼卧室。当然，溥仪学习英文就业在这里了。

堆秀山，它是用江苏太湖流域的“太湖石”人工堆砌成的。太湖石是在太湖里被湖水多次冲刷而形成的奇形怪状的石头。要细算起来，这堆秀山“太湖石”的历史比整个皇宫都古老，听我们讲讲吧。在北宋的都城开封，过去由一座山叫“艮岳”，就是用太湖石堆成的。可是建好后不久，北宋就被金朝灭亡了，艮岳山也毁了。等到明朝初年修建紫禁城时，就把这些石头运到这儿，堆成了我们眼前的堆秀山。所以这些太湖石有近102019年的历史了。在山脚下，正中有一个门洞，在门洞的东西两侧各有一座人工喷泉。那时候故宫里没有自来水管道，这喷泉是怎么设计的呢?工匠们在半山腰两侧各设一口蓄水的大缸，通过水道，产生压力，使水从下面的龙嘴里喷出。而喷泉造型是用石头雕刻的一条蛟龙，盘踞在石座上面。喷泉整体造型和谐美观，使皇帝的游玩别有情趣。堆秀山山上有一座小亭子“御景亭”。那儿是御花园的最高点，每年农历八月十五中秋节、九九重阳节，皇帝会带着后妃们，在亭内登高赏月、饮酒作诗。

絳雪轩 为5间房的建筑。这个“絳”字是红色的意思。可我们都知道，雪是白的，那么，絳雪岂不成了红色的雪吗?其实，当年这里种着5棵海棠树。一阵微风吹来，白中透红的海棠花瓣纷纷飘落，地面上就像下了一层红色的雪，乾隆皇帝为此作诗“暇日高轩成小立，东风絳雪未酣霏”，来赞美当时的景色，所以取名叫絳雪轩。絳雪轩对面的花坛，竖着一块枯木。但您仔细想想，如果这是块木头，常年的风吹日晒雨淋，早就腐烂了。其实，这是一块木头的化石，叫木变石。这木变石是怎么形成的呢?据记载，东北的松木沉入松花江，经常年累月，变成石头，就是木变石了。一般的木变石都比较小，可是我们看这块石头，有一米多高，就十分难得了。这块石头是黑龙江的一个大将军，进献给乾隆皇帝的，乾隆得到石头后，非常高兴，诗兴大发，题诗一首，刻在石头上。

延晖阁 为二层阁楼。您可千万不要小看这阁楼，清朝的选秀女就是在这里进行的，每三年选一次，满、蒙、汉八旗官员的女儿凡是13岁到17岁的都要参选，只有到17岁仍未被选上的才可以自由婚嫁。选秀女的时候，候选的女孩子们先由太监从神武门领到这御花园北门外等候。选时一到，再将那些女孩子引到这延晖阁前站好，让坐在阁里的皇帝、皇太后挑选。被选中的秀女，或成为皇帝的嫔妃，或指配给皇子皇孙和皇家宗室的子弟。您知道吗?慈禧就是17岁时在这里被选入宫的。好，延晖阁讲到这里。我现在问您一个问题，您看过电视剧《还珠格格》吗?那里面的格格门住的地方叫什么来着?没错，淑芳斋!在延晖阁西北边有一个小屋檐，倚着红墙，那里面就是淑芳斋了。它位于西六宫最北处，目前还没有公开开放。我所以要讲一家，是为了消除一个误会，实际上这淑芳斋并不是拍《还珠格格》时的场景，也不是格格居住的地方，电视剧只是借用了这个名字。在清朝的时候，淑芳斋是皇帝和后妃们看戏的场所。紫禁城内共有5个戏台，淑芳斋里就有两个，梅兰芳、杨小楼等人都在这里演过戏

Ladies and gentlemen!

Hello, everyone. Today Ill show you around the Oriental Pearl touristarea. I hope you have a pleasant trip. Before I arrive, let me introduce thegeneral situation of the Oriental Pearl tourist area.

Before the reform and opening up, there was a saying in Shanghai that "wedrather have a bed in Puxi than a room in Pudong", which showed that theenvironment in Pudong was extremely bad at that time.

On April 18, 1990, the Party Central Committee and the State Councilannounced the development of Pudong. In May of the same year. Shanghai MunicipalPeoples government set up Shanghai Pudong New Area Development Leading Groupand Shanghai Municipal Government Development Office. In September 1993, theworking committee and Management Committee of Pudong in Shanghai wereestablished. In just a few decades, there was a sudden change in the world.Especially in Lujiazui, a state-level financial and trade area was calledLujiazui financial and trade zone. Our Oriental Pearl tourist area is alsolocated in this area. It covers an area of 28 square kilometers. So why is itcalled Lujiazui? We Shanghainese like to call the place where the Huangpu riverbends in "bend" and the place where it protrudes out "mouth". In addition, inthe past, only a few families surnamed Lu lived here, so people later called it"Lujiazui".

The scenic spot is close to Yangpu Bridge on the top and Nanpu Bridge onthe bottom. It has a good reputation of "double dragons playing with pearls".The main attractions are: Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Jinmao Tower of 88 levels,International Conference Center, Shanghai marine aquarium, insect museum,central green space, Bin Jiang Avenue, etc. its surrounding attractions includeShanghai Science Museum, Century Avenue, Century Park and so on.

Shanghai Oriental Pearl

The superior geographical environment and modern transportation networkbring infinite vitality to the scenic spot. Since the development and opening upof Pudong, many regional headquarters of multinational companies, investmentcompanies, Chinese and foreign financial institutions have moved into thisgolden zone. Among them, more than 180 large companies among the worlds top 500have settled here,

Todays Oriental Pearl tourist area can be said to be a new tourist areaintegrating politics, culture, finance, commerce, catering and leisure andsightseeing. It is welcomed by Chinese and foreign tourists.

OK, Ill give you a brief introduction of the scenic area. After the busarrives, please give a visitor a detailed experience of Pudongsachievements!!

Hello everyone! Im a tour guide of Nanchang "aikesi" travel company. Myname is Zhang. You can call me Zhang tour guide. Im surrounded by ten thousanddrivers with first-class technology. You dont have to be afraid when you get onthe car. The license plate number is Gan a74189. Please remember the licenseplate number!

Now its on SuPu road to Bayi park. Bayi Park was called Gongyuan in QingDynasty. It was called Hubin Park in 1932, and it was changed to Jieshi park onApril 3, 1945. It was named in July 1950. The total area is 23.7 hectares andthe land area is 64 hectares.

There are small shops in Bayi Park, where you can row a boat to enjoy thecool, play with the toys and draw pictures. There are many willows beside theriver. When the wind blows, sister willows hair is like a shake. In the centerof the river, like the summer palace in Beijing, there is also an island. Theisland is green with many leaves floating down, like green dragonflies. Manybranches of weeping willows hang down. Tourists should be careful not to be hungby the branches when rowing. There are many fake stones in Bayi Park, which lookdifferent. No two of them are Zhens. There is a small road in the middle of thestones. There is also a small pavilion in Bayi Park, where people can enjoy thecool.

"Free for an hour," I called out. Everyone bought popsicles to eat, sometook pictures, and some lovers were rowing. I gave everyone a bag. Dont throwthe food bag around. Put the food bag in the bag. Soon, time passed. I askedeveryone to gather at the gate and count the number of people. WOW! Yes, theresnot a few people!

The tour of Bayi park is over. We will go to Qingshan Lake amusement parktomorrow and baohulu farm in Nanchang the day after tomorrow. Please have a goodleisure and keep your spirit. We can play tomorrow. Good night!

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是大伙的导游，大伙可以叫我朱导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

故宫又称紫禁城，在北京城中心。占面积72万多平方米，宫殿有楼阁9900余间。是明、清两代皇帝的住所。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。据说，造就故宫就召集了全国著名的工匠23万人左右，民夫100万人，由此可以知道故宫多少大，有多少壮观。故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

大家请看，这座建筑物就是午门，午门又称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬挂灯赐食百官。到了清代，这个活动就取消了，此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝都要在此接受献俘典礼，皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于戏曲舞台上“推出午门斩首”的说法，实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪在午门廷杖，好，我们再往前走。

现在我们已来到了太和殿广常这是铜香炉，这里一共有18 个，代表清朝18个剩东西两侧各有一只铜制的仙鹤和龟，是代表长寿的象征。看，现在展现在我们眼前的是太和殿，是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，。太和殿俗称金銮殿，太和殿正面有12根大柱，东西约63米，高35米。整个大殿雕梁画栋，一条条巨龙蜿蜒盘旋在大红柱子上，这些龙姿态不一，刻画的栩栩如生。整个宫殿也非常豪华富贵。殿内有2米高的平台，上面雕刻着9条金龙的宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考常

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在此拍照留念。

很高兴今天能为大家讲解，那么接下去的时间就交由你们各自安排。另外，请爱护我们的文化遗产，不要随意破坏他们，谢谢。

Lanzhou, the capital city of Gansu Province, is the central city andtransportation hub in Northwest China. It is the headquarters of LanzhouMilitary Region, one of Chinas seven major military regions, and theheadquarters of Lanzhou Railway Bureau, one of Chinas 18 railway bureaus.Surrounded by mountains in the north and south of the City, the East and WestYellow River pass through the city. It has the characteristics of a belt basincity. It is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and has a moderatetemperate continental climate. The annual average precipitation is 360mm, theannual average temperature is 9.3 ℃, the annual average sunshine hours is 2446hours, and the frost free period is more than 180 days. Lanzhou is the onlyprovincial capital city where the Yellow River passes through the center of theurban area. The urban area is close to mountains and rivers, and the mountainsare still, forming a unique and beautiful urban landscape. North and SouthMountains face each other, and the East and West Yellow River passes through thecity, winding more than 100 li.

Geography and climate

Lanzhou [1] is located at 36 ° 03 n, 103 ° 40 e, which is the closest tothe capital of the other four provinces (autonomous regions) in Northwest China.North and south of the city, surrounded by mountains, East and west of theYellow River, pillow mountain with river, mountain and water, with an averagealtitude of 1500 meters, with the characteristics of a basin city.

Lanzhou is located in the inland, with obvious continental characteristics,belonging to temperate continental climate. It is characterized by lessprecipitation, more sunshine, great light energy potential, dry climate, largeannual and daily temperature difference, slightly hot in summer, with thehighest temperature of about 30 ℃, cold but not extremely cold in winter, andthe lowest temperature of about minus 10 ℃. The annual sunshine hours are 2600hours, the frost free period is 180 days, and the annual average precipitationis 250-350 mm, mainly concentrated in June to September. The annual averagetemperature is 9.3 ℃.

natural resources

At present, there are 156 kinds of deposits, occurrences and 35 kinds ofminerals in Lanzhou. There are relatively rich non-metallic minerals, includinglimestone, flux dolomite, flux quartzite, ferrosilicon quartzite and refractoryclay. Among them, the reserves of quartzite are concentrated, and thetransportation reserves reach 300 million tons, which provides sufficientreserve resources for ferrosilicon industry. The coal reserves are 905 milliontons. The main mining areas are Yaojie and Agan mines, which basically meet therecent requirements of Lanzhou. There are 8 cascade hydropower stations fromJishixia to Heishanxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. In addition,Huangshui River and its tributary Datong River can also be developed.

The water resources in Lanzhou city are lower than the national averagelevel, but the inflow water resources are rich. The inflow of the Yellow Riverand its tributaries Huangshui and Datong River running through the city is 33.7billion cubic meters, and the water volume is stable. There is no freezing ineach season, and the sediment content is small, which can meet the needs ofurban industrial and agricultural water and living water. According to thepreliminary survey, the annual groundwater in the city is 960 million cubicmeters.

There are 182550 hectares of forestry land in the city, accounting for13.46% of the total area, including 90157 hectares of forest vacant land, withgreat potential for further afforestation. The natural grassland area is 770000hectares. Wild animal and plant resources are also abundant. There are about 600species of wild plants, and 40% of them have obvious economic value. Gansusfamous traditional Chinese medicines, such as licorice, angelica, Codonopsis,ephedra, Gentiana, podophyllum, Zushima, are distributed in Lanzhou. There are187 kinds of wild animals, and the rare animals are: Black Stork, Tibetan snowchicken, leopard, blue eared pheasant, etc.

The land area of the city is 1.353 million hectares. Among them, there are219000 hectares of cultivated land, 765000 hectares of woodland, 765000 hectaresof pasture land, and nearly 235000 hectares of unused wasteland, saline alkaliland and sandy land. Land resources can be divided into three types, namely: lowmountain forest and pastoral areas, located in the west, southwest and south ofLanzhou; river valley, Sichuan and Chinese Taiwan vegetable and fruit areas, located inthe river valley terraces; low mountain and hilly grain and oil areas,distributed in the north mountain of Yuzhong, northwest of Gaolan County, andqinzhengchuan of Yongdeng County. The complex and diverse land types aresuitable for the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry,sideline and fishery, with great development potential.

Population of Lanzhou

According to the main data bulletin of the sixth national census of Lanzhouin 20__, the citys permanent population is 3616163. In 20__, the cityspermanent population has 1112369 households, with 3138817 households. Theaverage population of each household is 2.82. Among the citys permanentpopulation, the male population is 1849809, accounting for 51.15%, and thefemale population is 1766354, accounting for 48.85%. The sex ratio of population(100 females, male to female ratio) decreased from 108.56 in the fifth nationalcensus in 20__ to 104.72.

administrative division

As of May 31, 20__, Lanzhou has jurisdiction over 5 municipal districts and3 counties.

Lanzhou covers an area of 13271 square kilometers and has a permanentresident population of 3.6161 million (according to the sixth census in November20__).

Chengguan District covers an area of 220 square kilometers and has apopulation of 1278700. Most of the provincial and municipal administrative unitsare located in Chengguan District. It is the best District in the whole provinceand the whole city, and one of the four core areas of Lanzhou.

Qilihe district covers an area of 397 square kilometers and has apopulation of 561000. There are many old state-owned enterprises and developedcommerce and trade. It is one of the four core areas of Lanzhou city.

Xigu District covers an area of 385 square kilometers and has a populationof 364000. Petrochina Lanzhou Petrochemical, the largest petrochemicalenterprise in central and Western China, is one of the core areas of four citiesin Lanzhou.

Anning District covers an area of 86 square kilometers and has a populationof 288500. It is the location of national Lanzhou Economic and TechnologicalDevelopment Zone, where colleges and universities gather. It is the science andEducation District of Lanzhou, the future administrative center of Lanzhou City,and one of the four core areas of Lanzhou city.

Honggu District covers an area of 575 square kilometers and has apopulation of 136100. Baiyin district has become the only outer suburb ofLanzhou after the establishment of Baiyin City.

Yongdeng County covers an area of 6090 square kilometers and has apopulation of 500000. The county peoples government is located in Chengguantown. Qinwangchuan in the territory is the main battlefield of "Lanzhou NewArea", with great development prospects.

Gaolan County covers an area of 2556 square kilometers and has a populationof 131800. The county peoples government is located in Shidong town. LanzhouBaiyin metropolitan area and Lanzhou Baiyin economic zone are the connectingzone of the two cities.

Yuzhong County covers an area of 3362 square kilometers and has apopulation of 437100. The county peoples government is located in Chengguantown. The east gate of Lanzhou city is the main area for the future developmentof the state-level Lanzhou high tech Development Zone. Plateau Summer cuisine isthe signboard and characteristic industry of Yuzhong.

Baotou Nanhai is located in the south of Baotou Donghe District. It used tobe an old section of the Jiuqu Yellow River. The water surface and beachgrassland were formed after the diversion of the river to the south. The totalarea of the development zone is 20 square kilometers___ The water area is 480hectares, which is divided into water activity area and lakeside sightseeingarea. The South China Sea is surrounded by green mountains in the north andYellow River jade belt in the south. The lake is rippling with green waves, thewater and grass are rich, the gulls are flying in the sky, and the scenery isunique. In 1985, it was turned into a tourism development zone. After carefulplanning and development in recent years, it has begun to take shape. TheDevelopment Zone integrates the natural beauty and artificial beauty here, whichmakes it not only have the characteristics of thick and rough outside the GreatWall, but also have the charm of Jiangnan Water Town. It enjoys the reputationof "West Lake outside the Great Wall" and becomes one of the unique touristscenic spots in grassland steel city. To travel here, you can not only goboating on the water, fish in the lake, explore pudang, have a rest in thegarden, and enjoy the pleasant scenery of the South China Sea.

Baotou Nanhai is one of the largest inland lake scenic spots in China,close to the Yellow River, covering an area of 1585 hectares, including 333hectares of water area and 15000 mu of wet grassland. More than 200 kinds ofwild animals and plants live here.

Baotou Nanhai is known as the "flood and drought wharf", among which thewater wharf is the Haizi wharf. It was a shipping port on the Bank of the YellowRiver during the reign of Kangxi. It has a history of more than 330 years. In1850, the Yellow river changed its course, and the town of nanhekou in Tuoketuocity was flooded. From then on, Nanhaizi ferry became a water transportation huband fur distribution center in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.The economic status of laobaotou in Northwest China changed greatly. Theprosperity of economy made Nanhaizi ferry famous all over the world. The vastriver witnessed the prosperity of the "rafts" of Nanhaizi ferry in history andthe decline of the river.

Baotou Nanhai Park, formerly known as Baotou fish station, has a longhistory of fishery production. The varieties include wild yellow river carp,silver carp, silver carp, crucian carp, grass carp and other traditionalvarieties, as well as Chinese mitten crab, Yellow River catfish, blunt snoutbream (Wuchang fish), beautiful white shrimp and other valuable aquaticproducts. The rich aquatic products have attracted people who taste the "wholefish feast" in the South China Sea, and also attracted the majority of fishingenthusiasts.

Welcome to here! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you.

The ends of the earth, unique scenery. Into the heart, that pair of springing up on the beach more than 10 meters high, more than 60 meters long green gray boulders suddenly into the eye. Two stone engraved with "tianya" and "cape", meaning the edge of the day, the end of the sea. Clear water, blue sky here in color, vast lake, why napa. Culture and coconut trees swaying, the stone forest. The engraved with "tianya", "cape", "south tianyi column", "sea to south day" stones more than south China sea, hainan special skill.

Came to the ends of the earth, except for sightseeing to the natural and humanistic landscape, believe that everyone will trigger a variety of lenovo and comprehension, "sea life bright moon, tianya" at this time of the family, "love you to the glebes old, accompany you to the end of the world" love, distance separates no bosom friends, "" friendship," alone on tall building, at the end of the world road "sad," tianya reduced people at the same time, why should meet had met "comfort," the end of the world where no fangcao "open-minded," the ends of the earth are not sharp, far more days "detachment, and" backward "mentality, and so on. Fusion of natural landscape and human emotion, it is the end of the worlds unique charm.

First, we went to the beach. Ready to ride boats to RiYueShi located at sea. On the boat, the wind blowing my face, and the seagulls flying on my head, boats passing rolled up heavy waves on the sea. In the sea, I cant express my joy for such an environment. Not for a moment, then to the RiYueShi. There are two pieces of stone like, like month. Appreciate for a while. And in a place called "the seas run dry and the rocks crumble. Unexpectedly, open boat people begin to blackmail to us, or take us straight to tianya stone, or charge a small boat to take us to 100 "the seas run dry and the rocks crumble and diaoyutai". We thought for a while, anyway to came, then continue to go to "the seas run dry and the rocks crumble. That is just a rock. Then went to the diaoyutai state guesthouse. There are lots of seafood to sell, are expensive. And the turtles. A man decides to 10 yuan. So start haggling. But still not settled at last. So we called up the open boat, sit on the left the diaoyutai state guesthouse. Straight toward the tianya stone on the shore. We came to cape tianya stone and stone. Two separate stone engraved with the end of the world and the cape. Legend has it that a couple in love of men and women, respectively from two feudal family, they love their ethnic opposition, and forced to flee to both jumped into the sea, into two pieces of stone, forever. Later generations to commemorate their firmness love, quartering "tianya" cape ", "then the men and women in love with" the ends of the earth forever at your feet "to show their own accomplishments.

Then we came to the "south tianyi column". "Tianya" "cape" two being walk about three hundred meters, a statue standing tall conical stone, like a magic at the sky, that is "south tianyi column" stone, about 7 meters high, look like a philosophers head, the side like a ship sets up "a ketch". The design is on the reverse of the fourth edition of RMB 2 "south tianyi column" here. Legend has it, it is "gong gong anger and touch not island, bl 10 fold, d the land" of "sky column," south alone were sent here to hold the day. Qing xuantong first year (1911), the time of the scarp state the year Fan Yun ladder is according to the above, inscribed copy of "south tianyi column" this four characters.

Everybody is good!

Welcome you come to lijiang ancient town, known as the "world heritage".

Visitors, now we came to lijiang. Visitors may ask me, where is gate. In fact, the old town of lijiang is not gate, this is because the leaders of the naxi nationality (part of the National Peoples Congress lived inside the old town of lijiang is the naxi, so the leader himself is also the naxi.) Name is "wood", if combined with the meaning of the gates and the wall is the word "trapped", so it is for this reason didnt building the gates and the wall.

Visitors, we now come to one of the most famous streets in the old town of lijiang, square street. The square street crisscross like a spider web, southeast of the northwest each have a way out, so that the square street is very busy. The ground is paved with the multicolored, so very strong, if you use the foot up, will be very clear sound. Sifang street inn (hotel) is not the same, if you go a few rounds in inn (hotel), you will know the difference between the inn.

Tourists, lijiang has a special custom, that is put light. River lamp is an ancient custom, it is said that every night ying tan dragon king will follow the ancient city of the river cruise, put a river light not only can protect the ancient city of peace, can make oneself and family get the protection of the dragon king, and luck, success in the coming days. Hearing the a legend to put a river light make a wish.

Tourists, lijiang has beautiful scenery everywhere, said also said not, I hope you will like the scenery. Welcome to come next time.

大家好！旅途劳顿一路辛苦，首先欢迎各位来到灵山佛地九华山观光礼佛，我姓万，是九华山太白旅行社的一名导游，请允许我代表咱们旅行社及其本人和司机向各位致以最真诚的问候，愿九华山所供俸的大愿地藏王菩萨保佑各位合家安康万事如意有求必应！

现在咱们来到的是九华山的肉身宝殿，说到九华山的肉身宝殿，不能不提一个人。这个人叫金乔觉，是一个外国人，他来自古新罗，也就是今天的朝鲜半岛东南部。据史料记载，金乔觉是新罗国的一个王子， 24 岁时削发为僧，并从新罗国航海来到中国。他遍游中国的名山大川，最后落脚九华山，结庐修行。并遵照地藏菩萨的誓愿：“ 地狱未空，誓不成佛” 。在九华山修行期间，金乔觉降伏猛兽，采集药草，一边为山上百姓治病，一边传经布道，广施佛法，深得广大民众的爱戴。金乔觉渐渐声名远播，收了不少弟子。连当地的地方官也上山来听取佛法，并把他的事迹奏明了朝廷。

于是，追随金乔觉的人越来越多。由于山高林密土地少，粮食不能维持山上众僧的生计，他们不得不食用观音土。因为长期营养不良，当时的人们把金乔觉称为“ 枯槁僧” ，称其徒众为“ 枯槁众” 。但越是艰难困苦，金乔觉越是信念坚定，更加赢得众人的敬重，连新罗国僧众，也相继渡海前来跟随 。金乔觉九十九岁圆寂后，尸体历经三年都没有腐烂，面容跟生前一模一样，这些超自然的现象正和佛经上记载的地藏王菩萨相似。正好金乔觉法名金地藏，于是，佛门确认他为地藏王菩萨转世，人们修建塔墓供奉，顶礼膜拜。自此，九华山便声名远播，成了地藏王菩萨的道场。

现在我来为您解释一下这“肉身宝殿”所供奉的“肉身”的含义。肉身，原意是父母所生血肉之躯。佛门所谓的“ 肉身” 是指高僧圆寂后， 其身体虽经久远的年代， 却没有腐朽溃烂，保持着原形而栩栩如生。只有修行到非常高深境界的僧尼，才可以形成肉身。肉身不同于埃及的“ 木乃伊” 。在古埃及，殡葬仪式非常简单，只需在沙漠上挖个浅坑掩埋，由于沙漠气候干燥，遗体接触到热沙非常快脱水，细菌被杀死，自然作用形成木乃伊。后来的人工木乃伊是在人死后，将内脏、大脑等组织取出，然后把尸体用药物处理保存。 在中国新疆等地也曾经出土过木乃伊。 而九华山地处长江南岸，山中四季湿润，气候潮湿，不存在产生“ 木乃伊” 的自然条件，肉身也未经过任何药物处理。这种奇特的肉身现象，至今没有得到科学的解释。

肉身宝殿内和它的文物展览室中，藏有许多珍贵文物，有的还为皇室赠品，非常难得，堪称一座佛教文物宝库。每年农历七月三十日地藏王生日这一天，是九华山传统的庙会，全国各地的僧尼和香客到这里举行佛事活动，并聚集在肉身塔周围为地藏王守夜；附近城乡居民也纷纷上山进行民间文化娱乐活动。游客、香客成千上万，经声佛号昼夜不歇，香烟缭绕，鼓乐阵阵，呈现一派盛典景象。

张家口市地处京晋冀蒙交界处，距北京约180公里，这里地势险要，有“塞外山城”之称。张家口市辖4区、13县,总面积3.7万平方公里,人口450万。京包、丰沙、大秦铁路横穿东西,京张、宣大高速公路和109、110、112、207国道穿市而过,北京西直门汽车站从早6时开始,每半小时就有一趟至张家口的快速客运班车发出,交通旅行十分方便。

张家口市的古遗址数量很多，分布面广。古长城的“大镜门”是长城要隘，也是张家口市的象征。涿鹿县矾山是“黄帝战蚩尢”的古战场，是中华民族的发祥地之一，每年都有众多的炎黄子孙来这里寻根祭祖。此外，还有蔚县代王城汉墓群、怀安县汉墓群、宣化辽壁画墓以及市区的水母宫、云泉寺、清远楼等，都是颇值得一观的古迹。位于张北中都的中都草原是距北京较近的自然草原，夏季气候凉爽，草场繁茂，来此还可以体验蒙古族风情，是消暑休闲的胜地。

张家口历史悠久,文物古迹荟萃。阳原县有世界著名的泥河湾遗址,是人类最早踏足地之一,是全国乃至全世界研究200万年到300万年前古地层、古生物、古人类、古地理的重要基地。涿鹿县黄帝城作为中华始祖文化遗址,是中华民族的发祥地之一。下花园区鸡鸣山体现了佛、道、儒家的文化。鸡鸣驿作为进京的第一大驿站,元、明、清各朝代的机密要闻都从这里中转。张北元代中都遗址,曾是北连漠北草原、南接中原大地的交通枢纽和军事重地。宣化清远楼(钟楼)素有"第二黄鹤楼"之称,券洞内500多年前的车辙是宣化府古城的历史见证。大境门目睹着明代茶马互市在"旱码头"的兴衰。1920xx年,詹天佑主持设计修建的我国第一条铁路"京张铁路"的通车,更使海内外商贾云集"皮都",张家口的"口皮"、"口羔"、"口蘑"名扬天下,成为华北著名商埠。1945年八路军收复了张家口,这是从日军手中夺取的第一个大城市,成为晋察冀边区政治、军事、经济和文化中心,并因此而享有"第二延安"、"文化城"、"东方模范城市"等美誉。1948年，张家口第二次解放后,成为察哈尔省的省会城市。

张家口三面环山，北依长城，历史上是兵家必争之地。中华人民共和国建立五十多年来，张家口已逐步建设成为以机械、冶金、化工和纺工业为支柱，以毛、皮革工业为特色的工业城市。张家口市矿产资源丰富，并有四通八达的交通、通讯网络。这里环境优美，市容整洁的民风淳朴，夏季气候凉爽，风景宜人。市区内分布有明长城，大境门，云泉寺，水母宫，清远楼，镇朔楼等30多处名胜古迹。张家口更是革命老区，有众多的革命历史遗址可供瞻仰、观光。

古今历史的延续和发展提供了丰富的人文景观。在全市三万六千八百平方公里的土地上，辽阔无垠，绿波荡漾，野花盛开的坝上天然草原，与湖光山影，水天一色的“塞外江南”南北呼应;巍峨隽秀，翠幛密蔽，层林尽染的原始林区，与泉水淙淙，风光秀丽的温泉依依相存。既有早更新世古人类遗址，又有华夏人文始祖创业的古战场。风格独特，景观各异，有天然质朴之风光，是旅游避暑之佳所。

清远楼

清远楼位于古城宣化正中，又名钟楼，始建于明成化十八年(公元1482年)，是一座重搪多角十字脊歇山顶的高大建筑。楼建在高8米的十字券洞上，南与昌平、北与广灵、东与安定、西与大新四门通衡。与城内镇朔楼、拱极楼成一轴线。券洞内520xx年前的铁轮车辙明显可见。楼外观3层，内实2层，通高25米，楼阁高17米，为3开间，6塔椽，前后明间出抱厦，四周有游廊，支立24根粗大廊柱。上搪为绿色琉璃瓦顶，腰搪、下搪为布瓦顶。梁架斗拱精巧秀丽，循角飞翘，生气盎然。楼上层搪下，悬挂愿额4块，南曰“清远楼”，北曰“声通天颖”，东曰“耸峙严疆”，西曰“震靖边氛”。楼内悬有明嘉靖十八年(公元1539年)铸造的“宣府镇城钟”一口，高2.5米，口径1.7米，重约万斤，用四根通天柱架于楼体上层中央。钟声悠扬宏亮，可传40余里，颇负盛名。该楼造型别致，结构精巧严谨。可与武汉黄鹤楼媚美，在国内同属罕见，索有“第二黄鹤楼”之称。该楼建筑独具一格，为我国古代精美艺术建筑之一。清远楼历尽沧桑，1986年文化部拨款39万元，对清远楼进行了全面修复，修复后的清远楼碧瓦青砖晶莹剔透，金龙玉兽傲首长空，飞搪翘角宏宇轩昂，廊柱斗拱被红挂翠，雕梁画栋富丽堂皇，古钟高悬，风铃叮当，显得古朴、典雅、雄伟、壮观。

和平森林公园

和平森林公园距张家口市65公里，距崇礼县城10公里。总面积20xx余公顷。是河北省最大的森林自然景观之一。森林公园山连山、岭连岭，森林茂密，郁郁葱葱。有70%的天然掸树林，还有人工栽植的落叶松、云杉等12种树种。景区内，峰峦叠峰、翠幢密蔽，丰草绿绳而争茂，佳木葱笼而可悦，峰回路转，险径回曲，颇具雄奇、峻险、秀丽之特色。林间空气清新，野芳幽香，百鸟争鸣，泉水叮略，身临其中如入仙境。藏菜、蘑菇长满山坡，山兔、松鼠跳跃树丛，善万物之得时，会使您抬然自乐。现已开辟五个景区数十个景点，成为集旅游、住宿、娱乐为一体的旅游胜地。

奇台山景区(即登山区)，包括奇台山、悬空洞、双狮奔、清凉亭、夫妻峰5个景点。奇台山由山脊拔地而起，山势高峻、沟堑纵横。台下17米处有一悬空洞，游人可穿梭自如，别具风趣。，登悬梯可上奇台顶一览群山。夫妻峰、双狮奔山也让人留连忘返。翠云山森林游览区，该区以森林为主体，碧波荡漾，繁花似锦，木欣欣以向荣，泉泪渭而始流，使群山五彩纷呈。另有垂钓区、野餐区、打靶、狞猎、射箭等娱乐场。公园还设有服务区，有餐馆、招待所、商店等服务设施。以其独特的雄姿和魁力迎接备方游客的到来。

中华始祖文化村

在北京市区西北100公里处，河北省琢鹿县东部黄土源上，屹立着我国最古老的都城---黄帝城及其有关的众多历史文化遗迹。黄帝轩辕氏是华夏各族的文明始祖，他于涿鹿之野战堂尤、战炎帝的历史名播中外。

涿鹿卧龙松

司马迁曾在《史记·五帝本纪》中说：黄帝的政治、军事、文化等主要活动在涿鹿一带。先“与炎帝战于贩泉之野”，后“与堂尤战于涿鹿之野，遂擒杀室尤”，又巡视各地，东至于海，西至于空桐，南至于江，北逐荤粥，从而保障了南北大地的安宁。于是黄帝威信大震，被各部族首领尊为天子，并与之“合符釜山，而邑于涿鹿之阿”。即兴建了我国历史上第一座都城。黄帝在涿鹿之野的活动开创了华夏民族文化发展的新纪元，使其由“野蛮”进入“文明”时代。

各位朋友，先自我介绍一下……。今日我将带大家参观故宫博物院，此刻我先为大家作个简单介绍。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模、建筑雄伟、保存完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国礼貌无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

故宫座北朝南，开有四条门。各位朋友，那里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看!在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上头看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。它建成于公元1420年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。

各位朋友，此刻我们已经进入故宫。那里是故宫进院落，首先出此刻我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集完美的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，那里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。

好，下头请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。此刻我们来到了故宫中重要的院落--太和殿及其广场，那里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。好!那里能够拍下远处太和殿的全景，各位能够在此留个影，过一会儿，我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。

各位朋友，我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别的建筑，仅有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。之后，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之。装饰用的彩绘为等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前的，总之处处显示，那是皇帝认为“老子天下”思想的体现。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下头，请大家跟我来一齐参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。

各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，那里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，此刻请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息，我们10分钟后集合，多谢大家!

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。此刻，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即“后寝”。

各位朋友，此刻我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到那里，此刻请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是期望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，此刻我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，那里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家能够在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓宋，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永乐四年，也就是1406年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段，第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料，而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年，1417年六月开始动工兴建，历时14年，在永乐十八年，1420年完工。在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢？我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫；平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门；掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫；在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，而且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚当后要从这里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

现在我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了，它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上，台基南北长230米，高8.13米，在四周围还建有一些楼阁，其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑，面积有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面阔11间，进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候，这里市面阔9间，进深5间的大殿，到了清朝年间，将它改为了现在的大小，其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的，不能作为正殿使用，所以实际上还市面阔9间，进深5间，同时，也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的：“保合大和”，而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸，强调了君臣之间，人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻，往下还有11个垂脊兽，在我国古代，异兽的数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑，当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱，上面支撑了藻井，再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙，龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星，意思就是轩辕黄帝之星，也是掌管雷雨之星，在殿顶上建有藻井，一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人，第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

殿内的陈设也非常的多。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁复辟的时候，曾经将它换成了一个中西合璧，不伦不类类似沙发的座椅，解放以后，专家们在家具库中发现了原来的宝座，经过一年多的整修，终于恢复了它本来的面貌。

殿内的地平床高6尺多，上面设有屏风，宝座等，在台面上还有香亭、仙鹤等等。在皇帝上朝的时候，就要点燃檀香，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。殿中有一只象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳如泰山，象征社会和政权的稳固。称为太平有象。角端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人认为是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。香亭是从香炉演变而来的，放在殿中，象征着国家安定。

在太和殿外还有很多的陈设。日 ：是我国古代的计时器，在此处标准的北京时间

中和殿在明朝的时候曾经叫做华盖殿和中极殿，在顺治年间改为中和殿，取自《礼记·中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也；和也者，天下之达道也。”殿名体现了儒家的中庸思想在明清两代举行大潮礼的时候，皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受官员朝贺。在遇到重大祭典的时候，还要在前一日阅览祝文或者检查种子农具。清朝规定每十年都要修一次皇室的家谱，也就是玉牒，在修订好以后，就要在中和殿内让皇帝阅览，并举行存放仪式。

过了中和殿，我们就来到了保和殿，明朝这里曾经叫做谨身殿，建极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿，名称来源与太和殿相同，都是保合大和之意。保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候，在举行册立大典的时候，皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底，还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝的时候，每逢正月十五，除夕，也都要在此举行宴会。而且这里还是清朝举行殿试的地方。在保和殿后，有一个巨大的云龙石雕，是艾叶青石雕刻而成的。清朝乾隆年间，将原来明代所雕刻的花纹去掉，重新雕琢。石雕高16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重达200多吨。在石雕四周都是卷草纹，下端是海水江牙纹，中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美，是难得的石雕珍品。这块石头是来自北京的房山，搬动这块石头的时候动用了很多的人力物力。不过这块石头为什么会在保和殿后面，史料上是没有记载的，根据专家推测，可能是因为这块石头运过来以后就放在这里，想要重新移动非常的困难，所以就放在了这里。

游览完了前三殿，就来到了后寝区的正门乾清门。在后寝区有15宫，专家认为，这与天文学中的紫薇垣和八卦都有象征性的关系。

在清朝康熙年间，乾清门就是举行御门听政的地方，而在西侧还有一排连房，就是军机处，他是在雍正年间设立的，直到辛亥革命爆发的时候才被废除。军机处是一个非常重要的机构，凌驾于内阁之上，但是当时为了防止泄密事件的发生，督察院每天都要派御史到军机处旁边的内务府值班，监视这里的活动。

现在大家看到的就是乾清宫了。乾清二字取自唐代韩愈《六合圣德诗》中的诗句：“乾清坤夷”，意思就是天下清和，各地平安。在明朝和清朝初年，皇帝的寝宫一直都是这里，到了雍正皇帝以后，就挪到了养心殿，从此，乾清宫九成了皇帝听政的地方。在每年过节的时候，皇帝都要在乾清宫举行庆典活动，清朝康熙乾隆年间，还在宫内举行了“千叟宴”。而且“康熙智擒鳌拜”的故事也发生在这里。而且皇帝死后，必须要在这里停灵，祭奠15日，表示寿终正寝，之后才可以转移到其他地方。在乾清宫内正中设有金漆宝座，后面还有屏风，上面刻有先帝的圣训。在宝座上方还高悬着“正大光明”的匾额。在雍正皇帝即位以后，对于争夺皇位的种种弊病，他发布了秘密立储的上谕，从而改变了封建王朝公开册礼太子的制度。此后，皇帝亲自写储君谕旨两份，一份儿放在这块正大光明的匾额后边，另一份儿则自己藏起来。在皇帝去世以后，拿出两份诏书核对无误以后，即可生效。

在乾清宫的后边就是交泰殿，取自《易经》中的天地交泰，象征着帝后生活和谐。在殿中央放有25颗宝玺，上方高悬着康熙皇帝御书、乾隆临摹的“无为”匾额。东侧陈设着我国古代人民发明的计时器——铜壶滴漏，西侧陈设着大自鸣钟一座。此在，在每年皇后的生日，皇后都要在交泰殿接受庆贺礼，就连皇太后还有皇帝都要来这里庆贺。在每年皇后到先蚕坛举行仪式的前一天都要在这里检阅采桑工具。

Ancient lotus pond is one of the famous ancient gardens in China. As soonas you enter the gate, the first thing you see is a rockery. On the archwaybehind the gate, there are four bright words: "ancient lotus pond". They areplaced in the middle, as if to welcome the guests here.

On the right side of the gate is a row of black stone tablets. Thecharacters on the stone tablets are written by famous calligraphers of differentdynasties. Further on, you can see a white Jiuqu bridge, through which you cometo the water Pavilion. The pavilion has eight corners, and each corner is hungwith a lovely wind chime. As long as mother-in-law Feng blows gently, the littlewind chime will make a pleasant sound. There are six pillars around thepavilion, which are all connected together. Tourists can sit on it and have arest, or look at the wind in the distance.

When I went into the pavilion, I found that it was spacious and cool. Therewere many patterns on the pavilion, and the structure was very fine. There wasnot a nail in the whole pavilion. This shows the wisdom and ability of theancient people.

Standing in the water Pavilion, I saw many lotus leaves and flowers in thelotus pool. Walking back from the water Pavilion, there is a famous library inChina.

Beautiful lotus pool, beautiful water, beautiful scenery, I am very proudof my hometown with such a beautiful scenery.