故宫英语导游词范文经典20篇

Xinxiang City is the political, economic, cultural and traffic center ofNorthern Henan. There are many historical sites and rich cultural relics.

There are hundreds of natural landscapes in the city, including fournational cultural relics protection units, one National Forest Park, oneNational Wetland Bird Nature Reserve, more than 50 provincial scenic spots andcultural relics protection units, more than 500 municipal cultural relicsprotection units, one historical and cultural city and one historical andcultural town.

Xinxiang has obvious location advantages, forming an important commoditytrade center in Northern Henan. Beijing Guangzhou line, Xinhe and Xinjiao linesintersect here in a cross shape. National roads 107 and 106 run through thenorth and south, forming a fast and convenient transportation network with thecombination of trunk and branch, extending in all directions and running throughin all directions. The citys commercial facilities are complete, and thenetwork is densely distributed in urban and rural areas. The grand comprehensiveshopping centers, such as Pingyuan shopping mall, Huabin commercial building andXindaxin shopping mall, which represent the advanced level of modern metropolis,are luxurious; various standardized and grand supermarkets, commercial streetsand pedestrian streets have become the beautiful scenery of the urban area;Baiquan herbal medicine fair, which has a history of 600 years and is one of thethree national herbal medicine exchange conferences, is known as "less thanBaiquan medicine is incomplete", and its turnover ranks first among the threenational herbal medicine fairs. Changyuan glasses market, Xinxiang electronicsmarket, Yubei building materials market and Yanjin peanut market, which are oneof the four major glasses markets in China, are of considerable scale and enjoyhigh reputation both inside and outside the province. The development ofcommunication has built a bridge of modern commodity economy and society. Thecitys installed capacity is 572000 units, 363000 users are installed, and 28telephones are owned by 100 people in the urban area. The number of data userssuch as digital data network, packet switching network and computer Internet hasreached 8273. The governments Internet access project has been completed firstin the country, and three-level websites of cities, counties and townships havebeen opened, making it the largest communication hub in Northern Henan. Theestablishment of the status of business center has accelerated the pace of urbanconstruction.

In accordance with the pattern of building a modern city, on the basis ofincreasing the transformation of the old city, the urban skeleton has beenstretched to the East and south. In the past two years, more than 20 urban trunkroads have been reconstructed and widened; the first phase of Weihe Rivertreatment has been completed; Yiyuan, xingfuli and other residential areas havebeen newly built; five water plants and sewage treatment plants have beenreconstructed and newly built; and; Through the implementation of "city imageprojects" such as removing walls to make the streets green and one street, onelandscape, one tree and one lamp, the city has greatly changed and the wholeurban area has taken on a new look. Xinxiang has rich cultural heritage andoutstanding people. Xinxiang was called Yong state in ancient times. It belongedto Wei in the spring and Autumn period, Wei in the Warring States period, andHuojia in the Han Dynasty. It was founded in 586 a.d. by Emperor Wen of the SuiDynasty and has been more than 1400 years. At the beginning of the founding ofnew China, it was the capital of Pingyuan province. Ancient history breedssplendid civilization. Yangshao and Longshan cultural sites are indisputable;the nomadic war led by King Wu of Zhou Dynasty and the alliance of 800 princesis dependent on historical sites; Jiang Shangwei river fishing, Bigans loyaladvice, Wei Wei rescuing Zhao, Zhang Liangs assassination of Qin, the battle ofGuandu and Chen Qiao mutiny are all originated from this hot land; Confuciusslecture "apricot altar" is still in existence, Li Bais song is before his loyalministers; Zhang Cang thought of "nine chapters arithmetic", Chen Yuchengsdeath in heaven; The tomb of Lu Jian, the younger brother of Ming Shenzong, is areference to the history of the twelve prime ministers.

During the war of resistance against Japan, the "pinghan guerrillas"shocked the enemy; during the war of liberation, the people of Xinxiang foughtwith blood. After the founding of the peoples Republic of China, the ancientpastoral land is full of talents. Together with Jiao Yulu, Wang Jinxi, Lei Fengand Qian Xuesen, Secretary of Liuzhuang Party committee Shi Laihe is known asone of the five party members who have had a wide influence since the foundingof the peoples Republic of China; Wu Jinyin, alternate member of the CentralCommittee, deputy secretary of Xinxiang Municipal Party committee and Secretaryof Tangzhuang Party committee, is known as "a good example of township partysecretary"; Liu Zhihua, one of Chinas top ten outstanding women, Liu Bingyin,the leader of Xinfei electric group, Liu zhixia, a famous writer, Guan Mucun, asinger, Zhang Mingxue, an academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, LiuGuoguo, a mathematician known as "the second ramanuyan" by the InternationalMathematical circles, and so on, have won the pride and pride for Xinxiangpeople. The long history, splendid culture and beautiful environment have leftrich tourism resources for Xinxiang. At present, the city has 2 nationalcultural relics protection units and 42 provincial cultural relics protectionunits, 4 national scenic spots, such as Bigan temple, Luwang mausoleum, NationalForest Park baiyun temple and National Wetland Bird Nature Reserve, and 54provincial scenic spots, such as Baiquan, Wanxian mountain, baligou and Jinghuagarden. In recent years, the municipal Party committee and the municipalgovernment take the development of tourism as an important pillar industry, andstrive to cultivate it as a new bright spot of economic growth in XinxiangCity.

The new century is pregnant with new hope. Xinxiang people will carryforward the "Five Spirits" in accordance with the requirements of the "ThreeRepresents", closely focus on the theme of development, grasp the main line ofstructural adjustment, highlight the improvement of the quality and efficiencyof economic growth, be pragmatic and efficient, unite and forge ahead, work hardand innovate, and show a new Xinxiang to the 21st century

阳朔蝴蝶泉英语导游词

阳朔蝴蝶泉景区位于桂林阳朔月亮山风景区“十里画廊”的精华旅游地段，是国家级AAA景区。占地36000平方米，内有蝶洞、蝶山瀑布、蝶桥、蝶山、蝶缘、蝶厅等景点。下面是第一范文网带来的阳朔蝴蝶泉英语导游词介绍，希望可以帮到大家。

篇一：阳朔蝴蝶泉英语导游词介绍

Butterfly spring is located in the point features the most north cloud peak foot of the mountain god. Here, is everyone acquaint with of the movie "five golden flowers" peng, golden flower song about love.

Butterfly spring, it is said, because is famous for its "five golden flowers", in fact, as early as 300 years ago, xu xiake, in his travel notes in wrote: "the butterfly spring, more than smell for a long time".

Xu xiake smell of butterfly spring for a long time, there are "act" in summary: spring, butterflies, trees.

The first said, "spring". Butterfly spring water is soaked from the sand bed bolt, water quality especially clear surface and converge into a pool, without any pollution. Spilled butterfly spring springs, in recent years has been park managers appreciate to accumulate in the pool of three pool is larger than a pool, for people to watch, one of the largest pool of about 10 mu. Butterfly spring from a pool in the past, into four tam now, this is the most prominent butterfly spring park landscape.

The second said, "butterfly". Butterfly spring, there are many different kinds of butterflies, every year in March to may, the butterfly as big as a slap, small small as bees, string coming from the mimosa tree hanging in the spring, colorful. The most unprecedented pomp, is April 15, a butterfly will this day be bai people. Xu xiake, in his travel has become such a description: "there are real butterfly myriad, even to hook enough, since the overhanging tree top down and in the spring, endless profusion, five-color now." Famous poet guo moruo in autumn 1961 isonitrile to Dali swim butterfly spring, who wrote "the butterfly spring head butterfly tree, butterflies fly myriad number, fore and aft join several meters, hang from tree suspected inflorescence" verse. Said a butterfly "even to hook enough," said a butterfly "fore and aft connection", not because of the time sequence both scholars and did not see the butterfly string hanging in the spring under the tree, wonder, really a phrase which is closer to the details of the real, this is about to rely on visitors to the careful observation. If more unfortunately missed the butterflies will also need not regret, butterfly spring new butterfly pavilion, south of truly reproduce the butterfly spring edge butterfly ecology, species related to the butterfly and the butterfly culture, provides the visitors cant visit the butterfly will know butterfly spring wonders of valuable information.

Finally said, "tree". Butterfly spring park, has "the beauty of the butterfly spring is green, please you take good care of stroke and wood" environmental signs, this sentence is not a bit false to say the beauty of the butterfly spring, not only benefit from the cucurbit flute, the Christmas tree weve seen along the passageway welcome new planted trees, and after the spring starts from the pine forest, Berlin, palm grove, chalin, rhododendron forest, moso bamboo forest, and more benefit from the butterfly spring tree, acid, pistacia local unique aromatic incense tree species. Butterfly spring side this night acacia tree, when the flowering season in early April, petals, such as the hidden butterfly during the day, night and petals fold spit greeted tangy scent. The image of the poet to praise the butterfly is the "flying flowers", the tree flowers is "static butterfly". During the butterfly will, flowers and dancing butterflies, true and false difficult argument, is a marvel of the butterfly spring.

In bai peoples heart, butterfly spring spring is a symbol of love, called loyalty. Butterfly will each year, the quartet bai young men and women are here, "test the depth of a stone", to find your Mr Right in songs.

篇二：阳朔蝴蝶泉英语导游词介绍

Welcome to here! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you.

Butterfly spring moon mountain scenic area is located in guilin yangshuo gallery "miles" the essence of the tourist area, 321 national highway, only 3 kilometers away from the county seat, is a shinning pearl on the above new big guilin, she is named because of the butterfly spring, covers an area of 36000 square meters, with waterfalls, butterfly, butterfly butterfly hole mountain bridge side of mount, butterfly, butterfly, butterfly hall attractions, of which 3800 square meters of "butterfly" (currently Chinas largest butterfly ornamental garden) in the thousands of tens of thousands of butterflies, cordial, natural harmony with people. In butterfly spring, besides can see yangshuo rural scenery, also visible place culture characteristic and appreciate the uniqueness, free tasting wild honey bee.

Bypass the disorder mountain road, from the butterfly butterfly bridge into the winding path leading to a secluded spot mountain stone forest, the picturesque claw mountain (yangshuo so named); A little li river said the event of the pastoral scenery such as the panoramic view; Especially the famous contemporary poets He Jingzhi autograph virgin pages for "world a butterfly" monarch butterfly size of about 280 square meters, the well is. Butterfly spring scenic area not only effectively make the mountain natural landscape, history and culture, health, science and leisure vacation live, is an ecological tourism scenic spots, and rugged mountains, xiushui, pastoral scenery as a whole, it is a typical representative of the yangshuo landscape.

The ancients cloud: there are no two identical leaves in the world. Here, you can see, there are not two exactly same butterfly in the world, how many butterflies, as there are different kinds of butterfly wings decorative pattern design, beautiful. At the same time, you can also see many of the worlds rare and China all kinds of butterfly, butterfly butterfly, the butterfly, lucky butterfly, such as Buddha map butterfly, swallowtail butterflies, butterfly, butterflies, fritillary, and so on, especially in the swallowtail butterflies are the most beautiful, known as the butterfly queen. Associated with butterfly spring garden there are many attractions, give a person with aesthetic feeling at the same time, and try to extrapolate.

Yangshuo butterfly spring scenic spot [2] - an intimate contact with nature, away from the hubbub of the AAA grade leisure tourism, a build of the romance of love! Yangshuo butterfly spring scenic area is located in yangshuo moon mountain scenic area "ten mile gallery" the essence of tourism area, covers an area of 36000 square meters. Scenic choiceness strange cave landscape, yangshuo the only original suspension bridge, can appreciate the mountain music flowing waterfall, been, have a birds eye view of yangshuo "shangri-la" in a river and the claw mountain extract the essence of the pastoral scenery, such as feeling detached blatant world of fairyland. Scenic area is Chinas largest living butterfly ornamental garden - "butterfly", thousands of butterflies dance in the flowers, let you feel the atmosphere of harmony between man and nature. "Butterfly lovers" live-action performance, can let you be in love is full of rich atmosphere feel unique to be happy, you can also experience "ballet" on the wall - climbing outdoor sports such as fashion, let you get the treadmill, close feeling is natural, close to nature, return to nature.

Yangshuo butterfly spring scenic spot of a cave scenic spot named one looks like a butterfly stalactites. Is Chinas largest living butterfly ornamental gardens, scenic area has thousands of tens of thousands of butterflies in harmony with people, kind, natural, is an ecological tourism scenic spots; Xiushui, secluded caves, and mountains, pastoral scenery as a whole, there are "no adjustment to the top of the hill, dont know yangshuo scene" of reputation, is a typical representative of the yangshuo landscape.

Yangshuo butterfly spring scenic spot is a national AAA level scenic area, guangxi folk customs tourism demonstration site, scenic area is located in yangshuo miles gallery section. With mountains, water, stone, hole, dangling suspension bridge, the water falls and authentic original named dong, miao amorous feelings, in the scenic spot with the famous 101 DongZhai castellan and seedlings of the kings seed in intimate contact, and dong elder brother MiaoMei together, can also do the castellan miao king taste experience. Listen to inheritance in October one thousand and in one thousand won the world intangible cultural heritage of sounds of nature - amorous dong songs. As an old saying goes, "on the adjustment to the top of the hill to know yangshuo landscape", the scenic spot butterfly hill see yangshuo essence pastoral scenery is the best location, mountains, xiushui, rural, farmhouse, like a picture of a natural landscape picture scroll. Listed here qifeng, jagged, can see the peculiar claw mountain (" yangshuo "so named), brush pot, lion mountain peak, gloves, the mountains, thumb, peacock mountain, etc., also known as small lijiang river. Mountains, xiushui, pastoral, farmhouse, gallery view panoramic view, is made in heaven! Is worthy of the "landscape jiatianxia guilin, yangshuo is come out of the lovers.

Butterfly butterfly spring below side paddle and dreamy spray, high limit mountain climbing, ping, 1500 square meters of gossip music rang in the earth, for the keys, played the cheerful music, amorous national lusheng on bridge, joy, and more crazy the row MuGuWu your scenic area to the climax of run... .

Particularly worth watching is the only large campfire carnival night, guilin in the music square of 1500 square meters, its juice, raw ingredient, the original ecological folk customs, the snooze dusty primitive feelings in your heart, at first, and then impulse, involuntary is blended in among them, involved...

篇三：阳朔蝴蝶泉英语介绍

On July 8, we visited yangshuo butterfly spring, it is not far from the moon mountain, because inside the cave stalactites have a very like a butterfly in the name.

First tour guide to take us into a butterfly hole, inside a variety of stalactites, some like a butterfly, some like a warrior riding a horse, some like the lotus, some like a mountain stream, the most let everyones amazing butterfly lovers embrace together, dance, it is life!

Then I nervously past the butterfly suspension bridge, through the waterfall cave, we reached the top of the butterfly spring, here we see the "sun wukong throughout, see the claw mountain, named yangshuo, but because of the mountain!

Then we went down the mountain, went to the butterfly spring, tour guide said that the water has reiki, we hurriedly washed wash a face, wash again wash their hands and feet. Lets appreciate the beautiful sister performing solo - dish, its very nice, I still like?

Finally and follow the guide, we visited the internal structure of the butterfly, butterfly pavilion. There are all kinds of butterfly butterfly stadiums, it took me a long time to get QiBaZhi pictures of butterflies. Because these butterflies are alive, moving shoot, theres a reason may be they see my photo, feel very strange, old around my camera, I can only be evasive.

Today we are going to visit Xian city wall, bell tower and Drum Tower.Its a great honor to serve you.

The ancient castle we see now is the city wall of Xian in Ming Dynasty,which was built on the basis of Changan Imperial City in Tang Dynasty in theearly Ming Dynasty. It is one of the most famous city walls in the history ofthe late Middle Ages in China. It is the largest and most complete defensefacility of ancient military castle in the world.

Xian, as an ancient capital for thousands of years, has built city wallsmany times in the past dynasties. Most of them are buried in the dust ofhistory. The wall we see now can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty. In 1369 ad,Xu Da, a general of the Ming Dynasty, entered Shaanxi from Shanxi and changedthe original Fengtian road to Xian, which means "long-term stability in thewest". It opened the prelude of building the city wall in Xian in Ming Dynasty.The shape of the wall, which took eight years to build, is a rectangle. The wallis 15 meters high, 12-14 meters wide at the top, 16-18 meters wide at thebottom, and 13.9 kilometers long. The bottom layer is made of loess, lime andglutinous rice juice. After drying, it is very strong.

The ancient city wall of Xian includes a series of military facilitiessuch as moat, suspension bridge, gate tower, arrow tower, main tower, cornertower, enemy tower, parapet, crenel, etc. Well, now lets feel for ourselves thescientific, rigorous and complete military defense system.

The most peripheral part of the city wall is the moat, also known as the"moat", which is the first line of defense of the city wall. It can block theenemys attack and even take advantage of the favorable terrain to destroy theenemy. The moat around the city wall of Xian is 20 meters wide. Crossing themoat is the gate, and the only channel connecting the moat and the gate is thesuspension bridge. At ordinary times, the soldiers obeyed the command of themorning bell and the evening drum. In the morning, they lowered the suspensionbridge to open the city gate; in the evening, they raised the suspension bridgeto cut off the traffic. Once there is a war, the suspension bridge rises and thegate is closed, the gate becomes a solid and closed Battle Fortress.

City gate is the key and weak point of city defense system. Usually, it isthe access to the city. In a war, it is the primary target for both sides.Therefore, the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to improving the defensefacilities of the city gate. One of the most remarkable technologicalbreakthroughs is the use of the arched gate to prevent the enemy from attackingby fire. The gate of Xian City in the Ming Dynasty was very strong. The doorleaf was made of 16 cm thick wood. One gate was made of 2.8 cubic meters ofwood. The door leaf was reinforced with iron bars, and 180 iron mushroom needleswere nailed between the two iron bars. There are 1800 iron mushroom needles onthe whole door leaf. In this way, the wood of the door leaf is compacted, andthe stiffness of the door leaf is increased, so that the arrow can not be shotin.

In order to improve the security coefficient of the city gate defense, thecity gate is actually composed of three parts: Gate Tower, arrow tower and mainbuilding. The gate building is on the outside, and its function is to lift thesuspension bridge. Its also used to play watch. When the enemy invades the gateof the gate tower, it seems to enter the urn. They will be attacked from allsides. Therefore, the space downstairs is also called "urn city". The archerytower is in the center, with windows on the front and on both sides for archery.The archery tower and archery tower are connected by a wall, which is alsocalled "Wengcheng" and can garrison troops. The main building is in theinnermost part. The tower above the main building is the main building of thecity gate, which is the commanding place of the general. Outside the city wall,there is an enemy platform protruding from the main body of the city wall every120 meters, commonly known as "horse face". There are 98 "horse faces" on thewhole city wall. The building above the "horse face" is called the enemy tower.The distance between the two enemy platforms is 120 meters, and one side of itis 60 meters, which is "a stones throw". This layout makes it easy to shoot theenemy from the side. Therefore, the ancients commented: "if there is a citywithout a platform, it is just like there is no city. The city is the guardian,and the platform is the guardian.". On the outside of the city wall, there aredwarf pheasants, also known as "pile wall", with crenels and square holes forarchery and watching. The low wall on the inside is called "parapet" to preventsoldiers from falling under the wall when they walk. In the four corners ofXian city wall, there is a tower called "turret". In the urn formed by thearrow tower and the main tower, there is a horse road leading to the head of thecity, which is convenient for the horses to go up and down. During the war, thisis the throat of the deployment of troops, and we must ensure that there is noobstruction. So the guard is very strict.

With the change of time, we can see Changle gate, Anding gate, Zhuque gate,Hanguang gate, Yuxiang gate and so on. The origin of these names also reflectsthe ups and downs of the ancient city. The city wall of Xian in the MingDynasty shows the wisdom of the ancient working people of our country. OK, thecity wall of Xian is here. We will continue to take you to visit the bell andDrum Tower.

The bell tower and drum tower are the unique buildings in ancient Chinesecities. Bell and drum are the earliest percussion instruments in China, with ahistory of more than 3020__ years. Initially used as ritual and musicalinstruments. It has been used in military command since the spring and Autumnperiod. Ancient Chinese cities have the nature of military castles. In additionto building walls around the city, digging trenches and setting up suspensionbridges, there are also bell and drum towers built in the center of the city asthe command center. At ordinary times, it reports the time by morning bell andevening drum, opens and closes the suspension bridge regularly, and it is usedto warn the police and command the city defense in case of emergency. This tighturban defense system reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. Xian is an importantmilitary and political town in Northwest China in Ming Dynasty. Its bell towerand Drum Tower rank the first in terms of architectural scale, historical valueand artistic value in China.

The building we see now is the bell tower, which is located at theintersection of the four streets in Xian. It was built in the 17th year ofHongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was originally located in Yingxiang temple on theWest Street. With the eastward movement of the city center, in 20__ of Wanli ofShenzong of Ming Dynasty, the bell tower was demolished as a whole and moved tothe present site.

The bell tower is a typical architectural style of the Ming Dynasty, with aheight of 36 meters, double eaves and brackets, gorgeous and solemn. It consistsof three parts: base, body and roof. The base is square, all made of greenbricks. The building is a square wooden structure, surrounded by an ambulatoryon the outside and a two-story building on the inside with wooden ladderscircling up. In the square hall on the upper and lower floors of the building,there are various kinds of valuable porcelain and red Phoebe furniture since theMing Dynasty. The four sides of the doors are covered with relief paintings,with a simple and vivid style. The top of the building is a four cornerstructure, covered with green glazed tiles. The top dome is 5 meters high,glittering and brilliant.

On the northwest corner of the bell tower is a Ming Dynasty iron bell,which weighs 5 tons and has eight trigrams on its side. It is much smaller thanthe bronze bell that hung in the bell tower earlier. The giant bell originallyhung in the bell tower is a "Jingyun bell" cast in the Jingyun period of TangDynasty. Now the bell is collected in the forest of Steles in Xian. It is saidthat after the bell tower was moved from Yingxiang temple to the present site,although the style and size of the tower have not changed, the Jingyun bell willnever ring. Theres no choice but to change. In order to move the jingyunzhongto the new bell tower, an inclined bridge was built in the west section of theWest Street, and the bridge slope was used to transport the jingyunzhong to thebell tower. It is said that "qiaozikou" also got its name.

There are inscriptions on the west wall of the bell tower. Song of the belltower was written by Gong Maoxian, governor of Shaanxi Province, who built thebell tower when he was dismissed and went to Beijing. The bell tower is warmlypraised in the poem. The story of the bell tower was written by Zhang Kai, thegovernor who had built the bell tower. It describes the life experience of thebell tower in detail. On the door of the bell tower, there are 64 woodcut reliefstory paintings, including Mulan joining the army, Change flying to the moon,Liu Yis biography, Eight Immortals crossing the sea and so on. After thefounding of the peoples Republic of China, the peoples Government of Xiancarried out three large-scale repairs to the clock tower, which made the ancientbuilding glow with its former style.

Far away from the bell tower is the drum tower. The door opening at thebottom of the tower is north-south, leading to the north gate and the SouthDarcy street. The drum tower was built in the 13th year of Hongwu in MingDynasty. It is sister to the bell tower. There is a huge drum on the north sideof the first floor of the drum tower, which forms a late drum with the morningbell on the bell tower, so it is called the drum tower. The building isrectangular. The height and width of the door opening on the base are 6 meters,and the depth is 38 meters. The drum tower is built with double eaves and threedrops of water. The building is divided into upper and lower floors. There aretwo plaques under the eaves of the north and the south. In the south, theEmperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty engraved a book with his pen: "the land ofculture and military prosperity", and in the north, Li yunkuan, a scholar ofXianning County, wrote "the sound is heard in the sky". In the outer eaves ofthe drum tower are decorated with Dou Gong, surrounded by corridors. The ceilingis painted with cloud pattern, antique, very beautiful. Bell and drum towerscomplement each other, making the ancient city of Xian more beautiful andspectacular. Well, this is the end of the tour of the bell and Drum Tower. Thankyou!

首先我来介绍故宫的概况。

故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(14XX年)永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有6XX年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学非常发达的国家，早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中，人们发现，有一颗星的位置是不变的，始终居于天空的正中，它是紫微星，也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣，也就是永乐皇帝在14XX年开始营建的，用了XX年的时间才全部建成，1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半，实际上是8700多间，是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列，并向两边展开，左右对称，格局严正，气魄雄伟，极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时，不仅仅可以亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦，还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道，这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的，您定会爱不够，也看不够。再者说，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”，因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上，建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了，那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢?不要着急，这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。19xx年，辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治，19xx年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说，这座宫殿应该收归国有。可是，按照当时的规定，溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分，长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天，冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟，将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫，同时成立“清室善后委员会”，接管故宫，并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备，1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天，为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝，许多人拥向故宫，北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞，这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天，到底接待了多少游客，我们不知道。可这几年，每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的，算起来，每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了，在这么长的时间，尤其是新中国成立后，故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面，取得了巨大的进步。您知道吗?目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件，占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一，其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢?那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢?这150多万件文物种类齐全，包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器，以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来，故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外，又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆，并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。另外，你还可以到故宫的网站上看看，网址是：. (d是英文digital 数字的意思;pm是palace museum，故宫的意思。中文意思就是数字故宫。

城池

午门 是皇宫的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝，它的地位非常重要，许多重大仪式都是在这里举行的。比如：每年农历十月，皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外，打完仗，将士得胜回朝后，要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节，这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天，而且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩，显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而，说到这午门，大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实，这句话纯属误传，北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎么传出来的呢?过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政，经常出现意见不和的情况。在明朝时，皇帝就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子，它是一种碗口粗的毛竹，里面还要灌上水银，据说是为了加大杀伤力，几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间，就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门 故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外，还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟，每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。这里说的更，是过去人们对夜间的计时方法，一更约为两个小时，一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点，正是三更的时候，所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后，在击鼓报初更之前，先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静，紫禁城里的人们，都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门 是整个明代皇宫的东门，与西华门一东一西，遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为，而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门，门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同，是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地，或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故，大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼 在紫禁城高高的城墙上，有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠，镶嵌在高大的城墙上，它们不仅是我国，也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂，它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造，还有一个故事呢，我来说说吧。 相传，明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时，特意指定要在紫禁城的死角，各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼，并且限期100天，盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿，这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了，工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是，来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子非常精致漂亮，大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸，“一根梁，两根梁…..”一数，一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎，这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家非常兴奋，突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿，可一看，老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说，这是鲁班爷显灵，来救我们了。于是，工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河 紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米，深6米的护城河，河岸陡直，由条石砌成，俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间，戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山，玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥，流到市中心的后海，然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流，经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕，农历七月，荷花盛开，十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外，剩余的拿到市场上卖，所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河，一条是内金水河，一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前，其水系来自护城河西边的河段，护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后，进入地道，在从织女桥流出，绕过社稷坛，从外金水桥流过，经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸，流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水，河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流，在慈宁花园墙外向东南转，蜿蜒经武英殿，在太和门前广场形成一个优美的拱形渠，然后转向北流经文渊阁，在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延多米，河上共有大大小小21座桥，还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外，增加精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门 朋友们，到了皇宫，您一定想知道皇帝上早朝的地方吧，太和门，就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证，就是大家所说的上早朝，由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。 在人们的印象中，皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里，其实不然。每天清晨，皇帝从后宫出来，坐在这太和门种种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序，站在门下的广场上，向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士，负责记录皇帝的意见，退朝后再稍加整理，颁行天下，这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”，国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到这里，也许您会想到：在露天的门外办公，万一刮风下雨怎么办呢?其实别说刮风下雨，就是平常这里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定：皇帝和大臣们每天都要上早朝。不过，制度是死的，人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋，后代的皇帝就贪图享乐，把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外，中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡，则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候，将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥 在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥，这就是著名的金水桥。您知道它为什么叫“金水桥”吗?我先说桥下这条河的水，它来自京城西面的玉泉山，从紫禁城的西北进入，东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说，就是金木水火土这五种物质，认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金，所以取名“金水河”，那上面的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了，我们都知道，天安门外也有金水桥，那是外金水桥，而我们眼前的是内金水桥，这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用，也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道，故宫中的水源是很少的，一旦宫殿着火，金水河里的水就非常珍贵了。

太和殿 在宽阔的太和门广场上，广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道，这条御道当年只有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望，在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上，有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿，也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米，比现在的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基，为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构，而木材本身又不可能很高大，于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起，以增强气势。 在紫禁城所有宫殿中，以这座金銮殿最受尊崇，当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在这里举行。比如说，皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后，还有在发生战争时派将出征，都要在太和殿举行非常隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典，皇帝要这里接受百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆，也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节，皇帝也要在这里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们现在的新年，而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天，古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子，值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天，次日在太和殿接受王公大臣的朝贺，而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自己的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把，这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队，文武百官就跪在这御道的两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上，接受官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要，在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅在紫禁城内，就是从全国范围看，也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面，高达35米，比现在的10层楼房还要高。讲到这里，不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看，这么大的一个广场，怎么连一颗树也没有?原来，这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想，如果这里松柏参天，三大殿掩映在树荫之中，那还能有现在这种气势马?再者说，这里是举行重大典礼的地方，要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木，仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响，将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来，是这些宫殿建筑的功能，决定了这里不能种树。 在太和殿的汉白玉台基上，有许多青铜鼎，其实那时香炉，因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的，所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉，象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时，就在香炉腹部装上香料，然后将香料点燃，18个香炉就一起散出缕缕青烟，使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。 太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落，各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上，中间插一根铁针，周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时，铁针的投影指向哪个时刻，就表示是什么时辰了。它叫日晷，是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置，是一座石头亭子，它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具，一直到近代，人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代，时间和度量衡是非超重要的，它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间，只有天子才能代表上天，行使规定时间和计量的权力，它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的，但还有一定的寓意。我们都知道，龟、鹤是长寿的动物，在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤，象征着国运永昌。 我们都知道故宫有8700多间房子，而这太和殿，就有55间，这是怎么回事呢?因为在古代，我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子，而太和殿是横11间、纵5间，就是55间了。所以说，整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。 摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅，就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成，从明朝到清朝一直是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度，给人一种非常稳定的感觉，象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子，靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子，他表面贴的是金箔，6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅，把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的，每根高12米，直径1米多，两个人都抱不过来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具，要采伐、运输这么的木材，实在是一件非常艰难的事情。 在太和殿的天花板上，有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称，就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙，就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下面，吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球，它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究，您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝，而咱们现代人都是它们的后代，所以中国人都说自己是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”，而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜，表示自己三正统黄帝，而且有轩辕氏的保佑。 太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗?指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的，那它为什么会叫金砖呢?这种砖是在今天苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的，所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时，听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之，这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成，可是由于它的制作方法独特，工艺复杂，它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚固，尽管经历了几百年的摩擦，依然光亮如镜，再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的，所以，冠以“金砖”的美名，也是名副其实。

中和殿 太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑，是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前，皇帝从后宫出来，在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后，有专门的人来导引着皇帝，沿中间的御道，从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座，就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭，整个大典便开始了。由于这里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方，所以他在后来逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中，有一项很特殊，那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分，皇帝要到先农坛，那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”，就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理，但到了春分那天，皇帝要亲自到这块田地上，扶扶犁，锄锄地，这叫行“亲耕礼”，祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前，要在中和殿举行一个仪式，看一看他要用的农具，这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了，中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在这里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样，也有自己的家谱，皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉，牒是通牒的牒，每隔十年重修一次。这里要说明一句，皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒，但并不是用玉制成的，也是用纸张书写，只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵，才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途，是皇帝在这里为皇太后上徽号。皇帝为了表示孝道，要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号，叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座非常著名的宫殿，在明清两朝，这里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日，皇帝都要在这里宴请文武百官，以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖，像西藏的高僧，蒙古王公来皇宫，皇帝也要在这里设宴款待，以示笼络。公主出嫁，皇帝也要在这里宴请亲家，表示对他们的尊重。然而，保和殿在读书人的心目中，地位是最高的，因为从清朝乾隆年间开始，保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能，成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元，就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎，暮登天子堂。将相本无种，男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗?它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛，晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”，指的就是这保和殿。这里形容读书人的一步登天，其实当年可不是这样的。在当年，能够到这座大殿内参加考试，就应经是非常非常不容易了。因为来到这里的考生，都是从全国众多学子中，经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人，熟读“四书五经”之后，首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人，到县衙大堂，见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”，考中为举人，举人就可以做县令之类的小官了，社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗，在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试，考官们徇私舞弊的情节。其实，中举对于科举之路来说，只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试，所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次，由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上，整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束，皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式，称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场，皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元，第二，第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人可以很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城，这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕 故宫中，在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕，用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰，显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中，保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案，从上到下，刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙，嬉戏于云海之中，非常生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的，现在长16.57米，宽3.07米，平均厚度1.70米，重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村，距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前，没有任何现代化运输工具的情况下，是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢?这是一个非常有趣的话题。简单地说，就是借助冰，是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村，每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节，从井里把水提上来，泼在路面上，就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们知道，饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情况下，仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马，用了近一个月时间，耗银11万两，才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里，其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前，都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸 故宫里有许多大缸，您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢?这些缸是储水防火用的，故宫里现在总共有308口铜缸或铁缸，分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点，缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷，户外的水很容易结冰，所以入冬以后，专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套，上面盖上缸盖，低下烧上炭火，一直烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火，基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的，缸外面是镏金的，一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙，十分华贵气派。可是，如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边，会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎么回事呢?说道这儿，我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前，也就是公元19xx年，八国联军以镇压义和团的名义，侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后，对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠，抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像，许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面，金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去，留下横七竖八的刀痕，引起我们痛苦的回忆，提醒我们要勿忘国耻，自强不息!

横街

在保和殿和乾清门之间有条狭长的广场，是紫禁城内的一条分界线，称“横街”，又叫乾清门广场。横街以南是外朝，是举行重大典礼的场所。横街以北是皇帝后妃们居住的地方。从这里向北的一片金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是紫禁城的内廷。在内廷紫禁城的中轴线上有三座宫殿，依次是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫，称为后三宫，再往北是御花园。两侧各有六座规制相同的院落，就是妃嫔们居住的东六宫和西六宫。东六宫的东侧，有皇帝供奉祖先的奉献殿和乾隆打算养老的宁寿全宫。在内廷中轴线的西面，有一大片宫殿，是供太后、太妃们居住的慈宁宫、寿康宫。另外，还有一座很高的建筑，与周围其他殿堂有很大差异。那是外西路的一处佛堂，叫雨花阁，是故宫中最大的一处佛堂。这座阁楼的形制与其他宫殿明显不同，它的四个屋脊各雕有一条铜铸镏金的龙，四条游龙栩栩如生，呼之欲出。

军机处 在乾清门西高墙边，有排又矮又小的房子，比起紫禁城里那些高大的宫殿，它们实在是太不起眼了。可是正像俗话所说的“人不可貌相”一样，这几间小房子也非比寻常，因为这就是鼎鼎大名的“军机处”所在地。您在各种文学、影视作品中所看到的“军机大臣”，就在这里值班。清朝为什么要把军机处那样一个非常重要的机构，放在这么一个不起眼的地方呢?就是因为这排房子的一墙之隔就是皇帝居住的养心殿。雍正初年，西北地区放生大规模的武装叛乱，军情紧急，雍正皇帝经常在养心殿昼夜不停的和大臣们商量如何评定叛乱。为了随时召见这些大臣，雍正便将养心殿外这排平房作为大臣们休息和等候的地方。这样一来，既节省了时间，又有利于保密。于是，军机处成为正式的国家机关，国家的军政大事都在这里决断，而本来掌握朝政大权的内阁变成空架子。军机大臣的人选要皇帝亲自在大学士、尚书、侍郎等大臣中选任。这样军机处就完全置于皇帝的直接控制之下了。而军机大臣确实有一定权势。要是没有过人的才能，还是不可能成为军机大臣的。一位大臣初入军机处，叫学习“行走”，他每天的工作就是誊写诗片。皇帝每天口诵所制诗文，这位大臣只能肃立静听，然后回到军机处根据记忆将皇帝的诗文誊些出来，也能做到准确无误了，才能参加撰写皇帝的谕旨。皇帝的谕旨，有时一天好几次，有时一说就是几百句话，听了以后，仅凭记忆，要能写的完全符合皇帝的本意才行。您说，这活儿容易吗?

景运门 在明朝时期可是戒备森严，没有皇帝的诏令，就是王公大臣也不能进入。因为，这是进入皇宫内院的必经之门。在景运门西面，有一个和它正对着的门，叫隆宗门，隆宗门的作用及管理办法，和景运门完全一样的。

后三宫

乾清门，它和南面的太和门有异曲同工之处。太和门是明朝“御门听证”的场所，清朝则改在这里。清代的许多重大国事比如平定吴三桂等人的叛乱、抗击沙皇俄国的侵略、出兵收复中国台湾等。都是在这里讨论决策的。乾清门内是一个不大的院子，周围有一些看上去很普通的长廊式房屋，您可千万别小看这些没有气派的平房，中国历史上许多重大历史事件就发生在这里。您听说过康熙智擒鳌拜的故事吗?这历史上真实的一幕，就发生在乾清门西侧的叫南书房的屋子里。康熙做皇帝的时候只有8岁，又鳌拜登四名大臣辅政，鳌拜居功自傲，专横跋扈。有很大野心。他通过大肆结党营私，迫害异己逐渐总揽了朝廷大权，干了许多坏事。康熙14岁时，名义上正式亲政，可实际上鳌拜仍然控制着朝廷，把康熙置于傀儡地位。有一次，鳌拜和一个大臣发生争执，鳌拜在朝堂上，就和皇帝大吵大闹，后来竟然撸起袖子、伸出拳头，胁迫康熙。康熙只好暂时忍耐。从那以后，康熙决心除掉这块绊脚石。然而鳌拜是满族贵族中有名的“勇士”武功极好，又手握大权，在朝中有一大帮党羽，要扳倒鳌拜也不是件容易的事。康熙决定智取，假装迷上了摔跤，他让人找了十几个身体强壮并和自己年龄相仿的少年，天天在一起玩摔跤。有时鳌拜进宫办事，看到小皇帝这样贪玩，认为不会有什么作为，就更加不把皇帝放在心上，做着独揽大权的美梦。经过一年多的训练，康熙认为时机已经成熟，便在康熙八年五月的一天，召鳌拜来南书房讲书，当时这里是康熙读书的地方。当鳌拜像往常一样趾高气扬的走进去时，突然拥上一帮少年，连拉带绊把他按倒在地，鳌拜还以为这帮孩子在跟他开玩笑。当他被捆绑住后，康熙严厉的列举了鳌拜的30条罪状。考虑到鳌拜毕竟为清朝立下过汗马功劳，宣布将他终生监禁。不可一世的鳌拜后来死在狱中。这一年康熙皇帝才16岁。

乾清宫 是皇帝的寝宫，明朝的14位皇帝和清朝的顺治，康熙两位皇帝都曾在这里居住，并在这里批阅奏章、召见官员、接见外国使节。从清朝第五代皇帝雍正开始，将寝宫移到了养心殿。宫殿里宝座的上方，悬挂着一块牌匾，上面写着“正大光明”四个大字。这块匾是康熙皇帝临摹顺治皇帝的笔迹写成的，在学多电视剧中出现过，可以说它是紫禁城中最重要的一块匾，为什么这么说呢，有两个理由：首先“正大光明”这四个字是清朝皇帝标榜的祖训格言，制成扁悬挂在这里，作为立身、齐家、治国、平天下的基本准则。再者，它和清朝雍正皇帝创立的秘密建储制度有关。储是储存的储，建储业叫立储，就是确立皇位继承人。我国历代王朝，大都采取公开建储的方式，立为太子的多是嫡长子，也就是皇后生的第一个儿子。可是皇帝的儿子一般都很少，不少皇子都做着皇帝梦，他们为此往往拉帮结伙、勾心斗角，甚至发展为同胞骨肉互相残杀，您看过电视剧《康熙王朝》吗?剧中的康熙皇帝就因为建储而遇到问题：他曾两次立嫡长子胤礽为太子，又两次把他废掉。此后康熙便不再提太子的人选，直到他临死之前，才下诏书，让四子胤祯继承皇位，这就是雍正皇帝。由于康熙朝的太子长期不定，而雍正即位又比较突然，所以民间就盛传雍正是偷改了康熙皇帝的遗诏而登上皇帝宝座的。据说，康熙写的是“传位十四子”，雍正勾结负责传召的故名大臣隆科多将“十”字上面加一横，下面加意钩，改称了了“于”字，成为“传位于四子”。事实果真如此吗?据清史专家考证，这种传说是靠不住的，因为清代这种传位诏书要用满汉两种文字书写。这样看来，雍正并不是靠篡改诏书登上皇位的。雍正皇帝即位后，吸取历史教训，决定将公开立太子的制度，该为秘密建储。秘密建储的做法是，皇帝在位时不公开确立太子，通过对皇子们的全面考查，选定皇位接班人，并秘密的将这个皇子的名字写在两份诏书上，一份由混各地随身带着，另一份装在一个小盒子里，密封好后，就放在这块“正大光明”匾背后。当皇帝病危时或去世后，由朝廷重臣和王公贵族，一起把这两份诏书取出来，对照无异后，即按照上面的名字公布下一任皇帝。这种方法确实减少了皇子之间的争斗。雍正皇帝设立了这种秘密建储制度后，他的儿子乾隆皇帝就是以这种方式登上皇位的。

交泰殿 是以做四方的亭式建筑。这座宫殿上的彩画图案和其他宫殿的是有区别的。所绘彩画是一对对飞翔凤凰，而其他宫殿基本上都是一对对游龙。在封建社会，龙是皇帝的象征，而凤凰是皇后的象征。皇后头上戴的是凤冠，穿的是凤头鞋，住的是凤楼。说到这儿您是不是已经想到了交泰殿的用途，原来这交泰殿是宫内专门为皇后准备的正殿。在皇宫中，皇后的地位也是非常尊贵的。每年的一些重要节日，如元旦，还有千秋节，也就是皇后的生日，皇后就会端坐在交泰殿内的宝座上，接受宫内嫔妃以及一些高级官员大夫人的朝拜。殿内正上方悬挂的那张匾写有“无为”二字。这两个字很是耐人寻味，无为是古代的一种政治思想，讲究清静无为、清心寡欲，其实就是不要有太多的作为，凡是要顺其自然。交泰殿虽然不大，里面的陈设却非常丰富。宝座两旁有一些蒙着布的方架子颇引人注目。当年这些架子上放置着象征皇权的大印，一共有25方，习惯上称为二十五宝，这些都是乾隆皇帝亲自选出来的。在殿的两侧，还有两件大型计时器，东边的叫“铜壶滴漏”，西边的叫“大自铭钟”。铜壶滴漏是中国古代传统的计时器，大自铭钟是吸收西方近代科学仿造的钟表。

坤宁宫 是后三宫的最后一宫。我们知道后三宫中最前面的是乾清宫，从名字上看，按照中国传统文化的解释，这“坤宁”二字同乾清宫的“乾清”二字是非常对应的，“乾”指天，象征着阳;“坤”指地，象征着阴。“清”“宁”都是表示安定、和谐的意思。您该猜到坤宁宫的作用了吧!乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，那坤宁宫自然是皇后的寝宫了。在明朝，除了个别失宠的皇后外，其他皇后都住在这座宫殿内。清代，顺治和康熙时期，皇后依然住在坤宁宫里。到了雍正皇帝时，由于皇帝搬出乾清宫，皇后也就不再住坤宁宫了，于是对坤宁宫作了改建。从此，这座古老的宫殿在结构和功能上，都发生了有趣的变化。首先说，这座宫殿的正门不居中，而是偏向东边，这是东北地区满族的建筑特色，再者说，坤宁宫的窗户纸都糊在窗棂的外面，过去人们说东北三大怪，其中就有这“窗户纸糊在外”。在风沙大地区，这种把窗户纸糊在密集的窗棂外面的方法，既可以使窗户纸不易被风刮破，还可以使窗棂上不落灰尘。屋内的陈设，就更有特色了。大殿的西半部分较大，是萨满教举行祭神的场地。萨满教是满足的民族宗教，在东北地区非常流行，它是一个多神教，佛教中的释迦牟尼、观音菩萨，汉族民间祭拜的关云长，以及山里的虎、鹿、猪、熊，路边的石头、树林等都是萨满教的祭祀对象。坤宁宫东侧是皇帝皇后大婚的洞房。按照礼仪，帝、后新婚，要这这里住满三天。三天之后，皇帝搬到养心殿，而皇后在东西六宫中中选择一宫居住。洞房中的陈列室末代皇帝溥仪和他的“皇后”婉容大婚的原状。洞房的墙上涂着红漆，地上铺着红地毯，到处都是红色，在洞房的门口和东侧过道的木影壁上，各有一个大红底金色双喜字，寓意着“开门见喜”。靠窗户的大炕，是皇帝和皇后因交杯酒、唱交祝歌的地方。屋内靠西北墙的地方摆有皇帝和皇后的龙凤喜床。

坤宁门 是御花园的入口。到了这里，古柏老槐扑面而来，有一种神清气爽的感觉。御花园的面积并不大，它东西长130多米，南北宽90米，总面积不超过1XX平方米。但古代的工匠们就利用这一方小小得天地，安排了各类建筑20多座、古树160株，还有两座假山、两方水池及散布其间的大量奇花异石，使御花园显得格外典雅、幽静，幽赏起来，美不胜收。

御花园

钦安殿 走进天一门，在钦安殿的前面，您能看到两棵长的很奇特的柏树。这两棵树的根和主干彼此独立，但从树杈上就相依相偎，难分彼此了。人们称它为“连理树”、“连理枝”。古代人把这种连理枝又叫“合欢树”、“夫妻树”。其实它们不是天然形成的，在它们很小的时候，园艺工匠就将它们拧到了一起，最后长成了这个样子。您知道吗，钦安殿是整个故宫中最古老的建筑，它是从明代保存下来的，距现在已经有580多年的历史了。明清两朝都在这里供奉玄武大帝。玄武大帝也叫真武大帝，是水神。皇宫都是木结构的房子，非常怕火，过去由于没有避雷针，曾多次着火。特别是太和殿，因为最高大，更容易遭受雷击，自明初建成以来，曾经发生五次较大的火灾。所以封建帝王们特意在宫中专门找一个宫殿供奉水神，祈求保佑皇宫的安全。而且，这连理枝前的门叫天一门，门的名字也跟水有关系。《易经》上说“天一生水”，水是灭火的，于是起这个名字，用水镇火，图个吉利。我们都知道，浙江宁波有一座明代的藏书楼叫“天一阁”，也是取这个意思。当然，这些都是一种心理上的安慰罢了。

养性斋 是座凹字形的两层楼阁式建筑。它的外墙倚着御花园的墙壁，海棠树、太湖石环绕周围，环境很优雅，在这儿居住一定很舒服。谁在这儿住过呢?他就是末代皇帝溥仪的英文老师。这位英文老师是苏格兰人，中文名字叫庄士敦。他是一个中国通，中国话也讲的非常流利。在电影《末代皇帝》中，就有这位英文教师的镜头。溥仪在《我的前半生》中写道，自己念书厌烦的时候，庄士敦能循循善诱，“讲些山南海北、古今中外的掌故。”他称赞庄士敦是自己的又一个灵魂。因此，溥仪特意把这养性斋，赏赐给庄士敦当书房兼卧室。当然，溥仪学习英文就业在这里了。

堆秀山，它是用江苏太湖流域的“太湖石”人工堆砌成的。太湖石是在太湖里被湖水多次冲刷而形成的奇形怪状的石头。要细算起来，这堆秀山“太湖石”的历史比整个皇宫都古老，听我们讲讲吧。在北宋的都城开封，过去由一座山叫“艮岳”，就是用太湖石堆成的。可是建好后不久，北宋就被金朝灭亡了，艮岳山也毁了。等到明朝初年修建紫禁城时，就把这些石头运到这儿，堆成了我们眼前的堆秀山。所以这些太湖石有近10XX年的历史了。在山脚下，正中有一个门洞，在门洞的东西两侧各有一座人工喷泉。那时候故宫里没有自来水管道，这喷泉是怎么设计的呢?工匠们在半山腰两侧各设一口蓄水的大缸，通过水道，产生压力，使水从下面的龙嘴里喷出。而喷泉造型是用石头雕刻的一条蛟龙，盘踞在石座上面。喷泉整体造型和谐美观，使皇帝的游玩别有情趣。堆秀山山上有一座小亭子“御景亭”。那儿是御花园的最高点，每年农历八月十五中秋节、九九重阳节，皇帝会带着后妃们，在亭内登高赏月、饮酒作诗。

絳雪轩 为5间房的建筑。这个“絳”字是红色的意思。可我们都知道，雪是白的，那么，絳雪岂不成了红色的雪吗?其实，当年这里种着5棵海棠树。一阵微风吹来，白中透红的海棠花瓣纷纷飘落，地面上就像下了一层红色的雪，乾隆皇帝为此作诗“暇日高轩成小立，东风絳雪未酣霏”，来赞美当时的景色，所以取名叫絳雪轩。絳雪轩对面的花坛，竖着一块枯木。但您仔细想想，如果这是块木头，常年的风吹日晒雨淋，早就腐烂了。其实，这是一块木头的化石，叫木变石。这木变石是怎么形成的呢?据记载，东北的松木沉入松花江，经常年累月，变成石头，就是木变石了。一般的木变石都比较小，可是我们看这块石头，有一米多高，就十分难得了。这块石头是黑龙江的一个大将军，进献给乾隆皇帝的，乾隆得到石头后，非常高兴，诗兴大发，题诗一首，刻在石头上。

延晖阁 为二层阁楼。您可千万不要小看这阁楼，清朝的选秀女就是在这里进行的，每三年选一次，满、蒙、汉八旗官员的女儿凡是13岁到17岁的都要参选，只有到17岁仍未被选上的才可以自由婚嫁。选秀女的时候，候选的女孩子们先由太监从神武门领到这御花园北门外等候。选时一到，再将那些女孩子引到这延晖阁前站好，让坐在阁里的皇帝、皇太后挑选。被选中的秀女，或成为皇帝的嫔妃，或指配给皇子皇孙和皇家宗室的子弟。您知道吗?慈禧就是17岁时在这里被选入宫的。好，延晖阁讲到这里。我现在问您一个问题，您看过电视剧《还珠格格》吗?那里面的格格门住的地方叫什么来着?没错，淑芳斋!在延晖阁西北边有一个小屋檐，倚着红墙，那里面就是淑芳斋了。它位于西六宫最北处，目前还没有公开开放。我所以要讲一家，是为了消除一个误会，实际上这淑芳斋并不是拍《还珠格格》时的场景，也不是格格居住的地方，电视剧只是借用了这个名字。在清朝的时候，淑芳斋是皇帝和后妃们看戏的场所。紫禁城内共有5个戏台，淑芳斋里就有两个，梅兰芳、杨小楼等人都在这里演过戏。

HANGZHOU---The Heaven on Earth --------By Day Day The Great “It’s the most wonderful place in the world, where makes you feel in the heaven”, the famous Italy traveler Macro Polo describes the HangZhou in his memory. The saying goes that in China---Above is heaven, below is HangZhou. The reputation of HangZhou lies in the picturesque West Lake. The lake is beautiful all year round, and the poet in Song dynasty named DongPo Su highly praised the scenery. Travelling in the West Lake, you can also wander along the street, try the delicious dessert, and purchase some local products. The Su dam and White dam are of the most famous scenic spots in China. They divided the lake into halves, seemed like two fluttering green ribbons, surrounded by mountain and forests with some house lets. There are there islands in the center of the lake: RuanGong, HuXin, and YingZhou. HangZhou is one of the six ancient capitals in China, and it last 2,000 years history.

Not only famous for the Natural scenery and Cultural charm, but also for its delicacy, crafts, and calligraphy of historical figures. As the Silk City of China, there are all kinds of silk products;tapestry is the especially beautiful one among them. Other specialties are black-paper-fans, silk umbrella, and West Lake Longjing Tea.

Generally, the appropriate time for going sightseeing near the West Lake in HangZhou should be two days, and the travel provides you with cheerful mood and cultural enjoyment.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Chengde, a famous place of geomantic omen. ImYang Xiaoer, the tour guide of Fengcai travel agency. You can call me Xiao er.On my right is our driver, master Chen from Xingxing. Its a great honor formaster Chen and I to serve you on this trip. Our destination today is the summerresort. If you have any needs or suggestions, please tell me at any time that Iwill try my best to help you. Of course, in order to provide you with the mostdetailed explanation and the best service, please unite closely around the YouthLeague Central Committee with Xiaoer as the core.

You must have been to many places, in the wilderness of Liaoyuan, in themountains and gullies, in the snow mountain sky, in the sea and sky line,perhaps, will leave your footprints. Today, lets open the gate of Huangfengdiyun and Jinxiu Chengde, and leave your most brilliant smile in the summerresort, the brightest place of Zisai pearl. In the northern part of China, theprecipitous Yanshan Mountains, among the majestic mountains and under the shadowof towering trees, reveal a completely different landscape from the surroundingprecipitous mountains. There is a garden, which is twice the size of the summerpalace in Beijing and eight times the size of the Forbidden City. It is Chengdesummer resort, which records a glorious period of the Qing Dynasty. Just as wearrived at our destination, please take your belongings and get off with me.

The worlds largest existing classical royal garden, taking the nature ofnatural landscape and the scenery of northern and southern China, is like arealistic painting exhibition in the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong. Li zhengmen,the first of the nine gates, is a city gate with three rectangular arches. Youcan see that there is a stone plaque on the top of the middle gate. On the topis Li zhengmen written by Emperor Qianlong in Manchu, Tibetan, Han, Uygur andMongolian characters. Why are they written in five characters? Because, ah, hesymbolizes that the motherland is a multi-ethnic country. There are two dismounttablets on the left and right sides. Why is it called dismount tablet? Becauseit says "officials and people wait to get off here", so it gets its name.

Please follow me into the main entrance of Li, and pass through the readingand shooting Hall of Kangxi Yubi summer resort. Now we are in front of the mainhall of Danbo Jingcheng in the main palace area of the summer resort. The word"Danbo" comes from the book of changes, which is not bothered or disturbed. Inhis book of admonishment, Zhuge Liang said that "there is no ambition withoutindifference, and there is no ambition without tranquility.". Emperor Kangxisfour words of indifference, respect and sincerity implicitly expressed histhoughts of thinking of danger in times of peace and advocating thrift. Thishall is the place where the Qing emperors dealt with the Court Affairs and heldthe grand ceremony when they lived in the villa. It is equivalent to the TaiheHall of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Compared with the magnificent andmagnificent palace museum in Beijing, the wooden pillars there are simple andunsophisticated, with grey bricks and tiles, and the 48 big nanmu pillars aroundare bright after being waxed. The whole hall is more elegant against thebackdrop of the pines in the courtyard.

Emperor Qianlong also met with the leaders of ethnic minorities there. In1780, the sixth Panchen Lama traveled eastward to Chengde to celebrate EmperorQianlongs birthday. For this reason, Emperor Qianlong also held a grandceremony there and talked with Panchen Lama in Tibetan: "its hard work totravel a long distance.". The sixth Panchen Lama replied, "far away, have a safejourney." This shows Emperor Qianlongs concern and love for the sixth PanchenLama, and the close relationship between Tibet and the central government of theQing Dynasty. Looking back on history, on the political stage of the DanboJingcheng hall, there were plays that had a great influence on the unificationof the Qing Dynasty, and composed songs of national unity.

Lets follow me. Lets see where the mountains are rolling and where thepines are. With the calm of the lake, do you feel very peaceful? Look, thatsWenjin Pavilion. Can you guess who this person is? Yes, the big brother in blueclothes is right. He is Ji Xiaolan. He is no stranger to watching TV series. Helikes smoking. His name is Jida Yandai. What makes him famous most is hiscompilation of the largest series of Royal books, Sikuquanshu. Sikuquanshu is anunprecedented series of Royal books in the history of Chinese politeness.

There are a total of seven libraries in front of and behind. What we cometo now is Wenjin Pavilion, the first one that has been repaired. Just coming in,there is a big rockery. If you want to see Wenjin Pavilion, you have to gothrough this rockery. Come with me. When he built this rockery, He Lin designeda small cave for Emperor Qianlong, which is the one above. Whats the use of it?Please follow me, follow the direction of my fingers, see that little crescent?He was in the small cave in the rockery. The meaning of He Lins design was thatthere was a sun in the sky and a moon in the water, representing "the sun andthe moon shine together". Qianlong was very happy to see nature.

Please look at this Wenjin Pavilion. It looks like a two-story building. Infact, its a three-story building. There is a partition hidden under the longeaves. This partition is the real place for collecting books. The long eaves canavoid direct sunlight. In that partition, all the homes and bookcases are madeof Phoebe. Its a perfect place to prevent insects and moths A good place tocollect books. But now there is no one. Whats the matter? About 100 years ago,Beijing asked Rehe Dutong "Jiang Guiti" to transport all the four complete booksof Wenjin pavilion to the newly built Beijing Library. At that time, the personin charge of this matter of the Ministry of education was Mr. Lu Xun. However,after the books arrived in Beijing, they were not given to the Ministry ofeducation, but to the Ministry of internal affairs. Through the continuousefforts of Mr. Lu Xun and the Ministry of education, all the books of wenjingewere finally stored in the Beijing Library, which is now the National Library ofBeijing. This book has become the most complete and perfect four library book,which is the National Library of China The treasure of the town hall.

As a work of the Qing Dynasty in its heyday, the summer resort took nearly90 spring and autumn years. It has experienced 300 years of rain, snow, wind andfrost with the people of Chengde. The summer resort witnessed the prosperity anddecline of the Qing Dynasty.

Dear friends, our journey is coming to an end. We have visited the DanboJingcheng hall and Wenjin Pavilion. I believe we have all left a deep impressionon you, and we have also forged a profound friendship. At this moment ofparting, first of all, I would like to thank you for your support for my workand your tolerance for me. If there is anything that is not well cared for,please forgive me. At the same time, I would like to leave you with yourvaluable opinions. As the saying goes, "to send you a thousand miles, you mustleave me at last." I wish you all the best in your next journey. I also wish youall the best in the days to come. I hope you will come back to Chengde and beyour guide! Goodbye ~!

象鼻山英语导游词

象鼻山的山脚有石级小路通上山顶。山顶平展，绿树成荫，当年太平军在此架炮攻城。下面是第一范文网带来的象鼻山英语导游词，希望可以帮到大家。

篇一：象鼻山英语导游词

Dear visitors! Today Ill be your tour guide. Today, we can go to visit guilin, elephant trunk hill park.

Everyone to see! The SLATE the park door. All the above recorded by the ancient seen an elephant in the world.

Everyone went east. Visitors, this is a natural formation of the hole, "anus" is an elephant. Before this "anus" did you feel there is a scent wafts of wine. This is one of sambo guilin osmanthus wine fragrance.

We continue to go forward, that is the whole elephant trunk hill. You see, the lijiang river in the set up of the pillars and the elephant head connection, with four legs apart, plus the and like body together like tail, formed a lifelike elephant trunk hill.

The elephant trunk hill there is a touching legend, everyone to take a look by yourself:

The elephant trunk hill, this is the jade emperor is used to carry a drop the magic of a head of Aquarius. Once, the jade emperor go out and fell on the way, god like ill. The jade emperor in order to catch time to god, like to stay in guilin. Of guilin people found the only passion, cured, god like to repay, also in order to appreciate the beautiful scene, so I live in guilin. But not for long, it was made known to the jade emperor, he sent a god to except it. God and the god wars for ten days and ten nights, fully JiuJiuBaShiYi round, hasnt been a tie. God like a thirsty, drink water to lijiang, is god a sword to kill. God like into a mountain, to stay in guilin.

Ladies and gentlemen, to the east, thus ended the travel today, hope you can "visit" in guilin.

篇二：象鼻山英语导游词

Welcome to here! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you.

Elephant trunk hill, also known as xiangshan. Kong Yong Ming dynasty poet wrote: "trunk and clear drink YuHe zephyr, the west should a suction wave. Castle peak naturally RaoJi bone, the day and get more." The blue elephant trunk hill is located in the south of the city of the li river and peach blossom river confluence. Yamagata resembles a giant elephants, and elongation nose river water absorption, thus its name.

Between the trunk and like body hole, is the famous hidden holes. Fan Chengda said it "its shape is round, looking at the end of the whole, such as month". Hidden cave river flow, can be a boat, in the bright moon night, its reflection of "the bright moon floating underwater has the bright moon, water" "xiangshan shui" wonders, perpetual than all previous dynasties poet. Hole inside and outside the cliffs has more than 50 pieces of cultural relics, ancient stone carving in the song dynasty patriotic poet Zhang Xiaoxiang, Fan Chengda and lu yous work is the most famous. Although lu you havent been to guilin, but the odd hill xiushui here longing. His poems and letters sent to Ren Zhao states (now in guangxi guilin pingle county) Du Sigong satrap friends. Carved with cliffstone Du Sigong is "life work, communicate with the world".

Elephant trunk hill has a stair bottom of the path to the top of the mountain. The top flat, tree-lined, the taiping rebels in the gun siege. The eastern end of the Ming dynasty solid 2-foot-tall tower at the top of the mountain, because named as samantabhadra bodhisattva samantabhadra tower are embedded. Tower like round vase, and as a sword, and someone called bottle tower or the tower of the handle.

Elephant trunk hill in the south have converted to originate in recent years with the tang dynasty yunfeng temple, temple in the history of the taiping heavenly kingdom relics on display. In the west of the temple is a stupas, there had been a, fujiang here. Fifth dongdu Japan failure, distinguishing from the tang dynasty monk floated, hainan island after guilin, on our way to the north to live in, fujiang, presided over the ceremony, he said to pass on ones experience. But old temple early waste, leaving only the stupa narrative event of the year. Elephant trunk hill, the scenery, is the symbol of guilin landscape and symbol of the city of guilin, the most Chinese and foreign tourists love.

篇三：象鼻山英语的游记

"Ah, here to sing there and hey..." Also I heard someone in the song on the shore. The singing like sounds of nature.

"Hi, Im your guide. You just call me aunt huang." Aunt huang blossom opened a smile: "we had to know guilin landscape! We play there are a lot of limestone in the lijiang river, the limestone terrain around, make the guilin mountains mountain forest, such as folded brocade hill, elephant trunk hill, fubo hill. They are like a giant elephant, jade bamboo shoots, forms. From a distance, everywhere is scenery of guilin mountain, everywhere is to draw, the hills in the picture is sharp, less beautiful round. Today we are going to visit is the elephant trunk hill, the hill looks like a huge elephant stretching nasal suction the name."

"There was a giant elephant?" A little girl sound tender tender asked. "I dont know that." Aunt huang laugh more happy. "But I know a few of the elephant trunk hills legend!" "Tell us!" We shouted in chorus. "I said." The aunt. "The first story is this: the elephant is the jade emperors side a. One day, it quietly came to the earth, see the beautiful guilin, had forgotten to eat, sleep. Later, it became ill, local people care fed medicines. The elephant was ill after the kindness, help the guilin people dredge water, irrigation, fertile land and want to stay in the room. The jade emperor learned that flew into a rage, immediately sent tota Li Tianwang to seize. When the elephant is the lijiang river water, unfortunate shot to death by Li Tianwang, elephant trunk hill."

"This will it stabbed to death. The elephant into the elephant trunk hill, from then on, standing quietly in the side of the lijiang river, long nose draw water in water as if is in congjiang." "Elephant also attracted by the beautiful scenery of guilin to live." The little girl said again.

Aunt huang then introduce us to guilin. Elephant trunk hill mountain is hidden hole, she says, is like a body, and trunk naturally formed round hole, clear river water injection flow, float above the boat. Standing on the elephant trunk hill, the castle peak emerald green, bamboo to show small river boat leisurely, the shore of cigarette smoke.

"There will be many poets read poetry?!" She suddenly turn temper: "song ji north ChuShi and hidden hole rhyme poem:" the bottom has a bright moon, bright moon floating water. Current month, month to water flow. "Vividly depicts the scene; Ming dynasty poem Kong Yong have great way: clear drink YuHe trunk, westerly winds should a water wave, castle peak naturally RaoJi bone, can at more than one hundred days." "Looks like guilin fame good big!" The little boy cried sat behind me. "

The lijiang river like a jade belt winding, winding in the green mountain, swim the li river boat, yamagata, reflection, clear water, green hill, the shepherd boy, handsome, and ancient legends, the rural people, pure and fresh breath of of primitive simplicity, it is no wonder that scholars and the people, all with. Rock down into the water like a trunk the lijiang river water, scenic, let people couldnt help feeling the creations of nature.

各位游客，大家好。我是东厦旅行社的导游，名字叫余旭芸，大家叫我余导游就行了。今天，我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿--北京故宫。

北京故宫始建于1420xx年，建成于1420xx年，是明清两朝的皇宫，又名紫禁城。故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，屋子有9999间半。故宫四周饶10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护河城。现在，我们已经来到了北京故宫门前。各位游客们，你们看，这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼。现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方。它们主要有三大殿:太和殿。中和殿。保和殿。现在，我们已经来到了太和殿，它是三大殿中最为高大的，它金碧辉煌，非常好看。看，这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏，称为望柱，柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画。非常显目且好看。我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。其中午门为正门。

各位游客：

大家好!我是你们的导游。我姓丁，你们可以叫我小丁。今天就让我来带领大家游览雄伟的故宫。

故宫又叫紫禁城，长960米，宽750米，全面积约72万平方米，被宽52米的护城河环绕着。它坐北朝南，有四个门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。

进了故宫的大门，远远望去，一座金碧辉煌的宫殿耸立在广场上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是太和殿，它是三大殿里面的一个殿，是清代皇帝举行典礼的地方，还是他们平时上朝的地方。走进太和殿，只见殿内有一个金漆宝座，坐落在一个楠木平台上，座椅上雕刻着金龙。清代皇帝上朝时，就坐在这里。

出了太和殿，绕过保和殿和中和殿，就是乾清宫。乾清宫不仅是清代皇帝休息的地方，还是他们召见大臣和处理政务的地方。

从乾清宫出来，绕过坤宁宫，就来到了御花园。御花园以前是供皇帝和他的妃子们观赏休息的。这里建着许多亭台楼阁，种着无数的花草树木，因为数量较多，我就不再一一讲解了，请大家一会儿自己参观。

对了，参观了这么多，我问问大家，你们知道紫禁城这个名字的由来吗?紫，是紫气东来的意思。传说老子出关，有紫气东来，被守关人以为是圣人。未久，老子骑着青牛而来，立刻就被守关的人们围住。从此，紫气东来便被认为是吉祥的词，而禁则是皇家禁地的意思。

今天我就讲到这里。现在大家可以自由参观了，不过要注意以下几点：1、不要乱扔垃圾;2、不要随地吐痰;3、不要在景区里的墙上、地上、树上乱刻乱画。

各位游客：

大家好。

我先简单的介绍一下故宫、故宫是世界上显存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群、故宫又叫紫禁城、它整座城池建成于公元1420年、位于天安门广场北侧、自故宫建成后先后有明清24位皇帝在此执政。

故宫平面呈长方形、南北长960米、东西宽750米、全面积72万平方米、整座紫禁城被宽52米的护城河所环绕、城墙高10米、可谓是“城高池宽”。

故宫开四门、座北朝南、南门为午门、即正门、北门为神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门。

整个院落分为二大部分、即“前朝”和“后寝”、“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方、以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主、“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年子嗣们居住的地方、主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主、据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半、如果一个婴儿从哇哇坠地开始每晚住不同的房间、等他住遍所有的房间后已经是一个27岁的年轻人了。

接下来、我们将要参观的是午门、在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼、楼顶飞檐翅起、从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰、故午门又称五凤楼、它位于端门之北、雄伟壮观。

午门在明代这里是举行献俘大典的地方、大家可能听说过“推出五门斩首”、这里虽是午门、但却不是砍头的地方、在明朝的时候、这里是廷杖之所。

进入故宫的院落、首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥、跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场、这里既是明代皇帝御门听证时百官待驾的地方。

接下来参观的是太和殿广场及太和殿、这里是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方、太和殿广场基本呈正方形、整个院落平坦宽阔、气势非凡。

太和殿坐落在八米多的汉白玉基座之上、庄严肃穆、在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙、那些小龙是传说中一种没有角的龙、他们是大殿的排水系统、每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔、即喷水孔、三层基座之上共设有小龙头1142个、每当下大雨的时候、雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出、非常壮观、为宫中一景、被称为“千龙吐水”。

太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑、只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用、象征皇权的至高无上、太和殿俗称金銮殿、是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作、太和殿始建于1420年、当时叫奉天殿、后来、改叫皇极殿、清顺治皇帝登基后、重修三大殿、并将皇极殿改为太和殿、意思是、宇宙间的一切关系都可以得到协调的意思、后来康熙年间又重修第二次、才有今天的规模、它是紫禁城内大殿之最、装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺、殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶、就连大殿上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的、总之出处显示“第一”、那是“老子天下第一”思想的体现、大殿内的陈设简单而又富丽堂皇、地上是“金砖漫地”、皇帝的九龙宝座位于二米高的楠木高台上、皇帝升座后、颇有居庙堂之高、君临天下之威风、宝座前陈设有宝象、仙鹤、香亭等物品、都取其美好的寓意、在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只乌龟和仙鹤、取之龟鹤延年之意、江山社稷万代相传、此外、还有日晷、嘉量、是古代的计时工具和计量器具、象征皇帝公正无私、对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看！中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅——保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场。

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

大家现在看到的是坤宁宫、坤宁宫是在紫禁城内居住的地方、坤宁即是像大地一样宁静、安忍不动、意思是说皇后是后宫之主、母仪天下、应该有大地一样安忍不动的胸怀、后来、自雍正皇帝开始坤宁宫西部改成了萨满教的祭祀场所、东部改为皇帝大婚的洞房、

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园——御花园，它位于北京故宫中轴线最北端、这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。整个花园呈长方形，占地虽然只有1。2万平方米，但却容纳了大小20多座不同风格的建筑。御花园以钦安殿为中心、中轴线上的唯一的一所宗教性建筑、

神武门是紫禁城的北门，明代曾叫玄武门，清代为了避讳康熙皇帝玄烨的“玄”字，改为神武门。神武门是皇家的报时台，原来门楼上设有钟鼓，每天早晨鸣钟，晚上击鼓，为在紫禁城居住的帝后们报时，此外皇帝外出巡幸也出此门。

好了，我们就先讲到这里、下面给大家2个小时自由参观的时间、大家要保护好自己的随身物品、保护好文化遗产、希望大家玩的愉快。

Nansha North Lake, Lake run Jinsha, sand embrace green lake, lake waterlike the sea, soft sand like silk, Tianshui color. Shahu Lake is rich inresources. In the clean, warm and cool lake water, there are dozens of kinds offish all the year round. There are not only common carp, silver carp, grass carpand crucian carp, but also Wuchang fish, giant salamander (giant salamander),which is 160 cm long and weighs more than 60 Jin, and big turtle, which is morethan 1 meter in circumference. There are more than 130 kinds of birds living inthe Sand Lake. In addition, there are amusement park, watchtower, aquariumpalace, reed maze, yurt Hotel, Xixia palace, desert dry boat, water slide, waterparachute, water motorcycle, sand ropeway, boating in the lake, natural bathingbeach and other tourism projects. It was here that Zixias rafting scene wasshot at the beginning of dayua journey to the West. [1]

Shahu in Ningxia is a masterpiece of nature. The lake is bright and sandy,with flocks of migratory birds, picturesque reeds and beautiful scenery. Thereare not only deserts, but also ten thousand mu of Pinghu Lake. It is not onlythe gift of God, but also the earth shaking artistic creation of the industriousand intelligent people in northern part of the Great Wall. It used to be a farm.After the founding of the peoples Republic of China, it has gradually become anatural scenic spot integrating the ruggedness of the northwest and the beautyof the south of the Yangtze River. With its unique tourism resources andsuperior reception conditions, it has become an ace scenic spot and a nationalaaaaa eco-tourism area determined by the National Tourism Administration.

The boat ploughed open the sparkling surface of the lake, the rolling waveslike a thousand hectares of good farmland, green reeds, just right scattered onthe surface of the lake, the wind blowing, the branches and leaves whirling,rustling, the sound of the motor startled a bird standing at the top, anddisappeared. With the sound of the resting motor, a new world appeared in frontof us: Desert, camel, crowd .

Shahu scenic spot in Ningxia: one of the worlds 500 environmentalprotection units, awarded the honorary title of "global top 500 environmentalprotection" by the United Nations.

Shahu in Ningxia is a unique and beautiful landscape, which integrates thewater town in the south of the Yangtze River with the desert scenery, and thenatural landscape as the main body. The combination of sand, water, reed, birdand mountain constitutes a unique and beautiful landscape. It has become ascenic spot integrating scenic tourism, sightseeing and entertainment, sportscompetition, recuperation and summer vacation; The beauty of Shahu Lake inNingxia is reflected by the reeds and the wonder of Shahu Lake in Ningxia isreflected by the birds flying and the fish leaping. The North Lake in Nansha andthe green lake in shabaocui are the best combination of primitive eco-tourism,which not only highlights the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River, but alsohighlights the power of the fortress.

Lakes, deserts, reeds, lotus, migratory birds and lake fish combine thegreat wall and the south of the Yangtze River, forming a beautiful landscape.Shahu in Ningxia is a miracle created by heaven and a heaven on earth.

各位游客们，大家好!我是本次带你们去北京故宫三日游的导游，我姓林，名雨欣，你们可以叫我小林。我先说一下这次去故宫三日游的行程，上午，我们就在故宫外沿看一看，可以拍一些照片。中午12点左右去餐厅吃饭，吃晚饭后，我们进入故宫内部，下午五点左右到餐厅吃完晚饭后，去故宫博物馆------希望各位游客能配合工作人员：不要乱扔垃圾，不损坏文物，讲文明。

北京故宫，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，今天人们称它为故宫，意为过去的皇宫。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界现存最大，最完整的古建筑群，被誉为世界五大宫之首，其中有北京故宫，法国凡尔赛宫，英国白金汗宫，美国白宫，俄罗斯克里姆林宫。

依照中国古代星象学说，紫徽坛(即北极星)位于中天，乃天帝所居，无人对应，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取地位后，决定迁都北京，即开始营造这座故宫，至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年，幸亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制清王朝，1920xx年逊帝傅仪被逐出宫。

这次旅游故宫很愉快，大家玩的一定很愉快吧，本次行程到此结束，如果下次有机会的话，希望大家还来找我当导游，最后我想送大家一句话：保护文物人人有责。让我们举起楥手，一起来维护美丽宏伟有丰富历史的故宫。

Hello everyone! Welcome to Star City Changsha. Now we are in the XiangjiangRiver Bridge. Standing on the bridge, the scenery of Changshas "mountains,waters, continents and cities" can be seen at a glance. This "mountain" is thelush Yuelu Mountain in front of it, which is known as the tail of Nanyue 72peak. Naturally, this "water" is the mother river flowing quietly under thebridge - Xiangjiang River. Across the river is Juzizhou, which is known as"unsinkable aircraft carrier". Of course, the "city" is Changsha City. Next, Iwill talk about it in detail from near to far.

Xiangjiang River, originated from Haiyangshan, Lingchuan County, GuilinCity, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, has a total length of 856 km. It entersHunan from Yongzhou, flows through Hengyang, Chenzhou, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan,Shaoyang, louerdi, Changde and Yueyang, and flows into Dongting Lake at thehaohekou of Xiangyin County, with a drainage area of 85300 square kilometers inHunan. It is the largest river in Hunan and also the mother river Xiang is namedfor it. The word "Xiang" in Xiangjiang comes from the sentence "in the book ofsongs, Zhaonan, Caiping" that is "to build and cauldron with Xiang". "Xiang"originally means "cooking food", which is extended to refer to the appearance offog transpiration. Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province, from south to north, nineileum, clouds, so take such a name.

You see, Juzizhou in the middle of the river looks like a long belt, about5 kilometers long from north to south, and about 100 meters wide from east towest. Mr. Guo Moruo once described it as "an unsinkable aircraft carrier". Inthe Western Jin Dynasty, it got its name because of the orange production on theisland. In Tang and Song Dynasties, Orange Island had become a famous scenicspot at that time. One of the famous "eight sceneries of Xiaoxiang" is "theevening snow on the river", which refers to the evening scenery of snowy dayshere. Many famous poets have come here to chant, leaving poems and essays handeddown through the ages. Mao Zedongs "Qinyuan spring · Changsha" makes Juzizhou aplace that the world yearns for.

Yuelu Mountain, located on the West Bank of the Xiangjiang River, is 300.8meters above sea level and the tail of the 72 peaks of Nanyue Mountain."Southwest clouds come to Hengyue mountain, and the sound of the river goes downDongting day and night" is a wonderful summary of the situation of YueluMountain. Yuelu Mountain is a huge "Botanical Museum", where ancient and famoustrees can be seen everywhere. Yuelu Mountain is a famous cultural mountain,which integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in ancient China. At the footof the mountain is Yuelu Academy, which is the first of Chinas four academiesand promotes Confucian Neo Confucianism; at the back of the mountain is Lushantemple, which is "the first scenic spot in Han and Wei dynasties and the firstTaoist temple in Hunan"; at the top of the mountain is Yunlu Palace, which islisted as one of the seventy-two blessed places of Taoism. In addition,aiwanting, baihequan, yuwangbei, relic tower and so on are also attractiveplaces. Yuelu Mountain is also a place where we look forward to people withlofty ideals. The cemeteries of Huang Xing, Cai E, Jiang Yiwu and Chen Tianhuaare hidden in the green pines and cypresses.

Next, lets talk about the city. Changsha, with beautiful ecologicalenvironment and rich human resources, is one of the first batch of historicaland cultural cities announced by the State Council, and one of the first batchof "Chinas excellent tourism cities" awarded by the state. In 20__, Changshawas also rated as "National Forest City". As the capital of Hunan Province,Changsha is the political, economic, technological, cultural, commercial andtransportation center of Hunan Province. The city covers an area of 11800 squarekilometers with a total population of 6.31 million, including 556 squarekilometers of urban area and more than 2 million urban population. It hasjurisdiction over Furong district, Tianxin District, Yuelu District, KaifuDistrict and Yuhua District, Liuyang City and Changsha, Wangcheng and Ningxiangcounties.

Changsha has a superior geographical position, known as "Jingyu lips,Guizhou and Guangdong throat". Changsha, located in the middle of China, has astrategic position of connecting the East and the West. At present, the trafficin Changsha is very convenient. The Beijing Zhuhai Expressway and ChangshaChangzhou expressway are connected here. The national highways 107, 319 and 1016are connected in the territory. The Beijing Guangzhou railway and ShijiazhuangChangzhou Railway pass through the city. Through Yueyang, the inland riverterminal can reach Chongqing, Wuhan and Shanghai. Huanghua International Airportis one of the largest airports in central and South China. Its route network hasspread to more than 40 large and medium-sized cities in China. It has openedflights to Hong Kong and Macao, as well as international flights to Bangkok,Thailand and Seoul, South Korea.

"Changsha star in the sky, Changsha City on the earth." The name ofChangsha comes from the stars in the sky. The ancients divided the stars in thesky into 28 constellations, and each constellation corresponds to a certain areaon the earth. Among the twenty-eight constellations, there is a one called Fusu,which corresponds to Jingzhou. Changsha used to be the city of Jingzhou. Thereis also a small star in charge of human life, also known as Changsha star."Astronomical records of the Ming Dynasty" said: "Changsha Xiaoxing, down toChangsha." Therefore, the ground corresponding to Changsha star is calledChangsha, so Changsha is also called "Xingsha".

Changsha is a "famous city of Chu and Han Dynasties" with a history of morethan 3000 years. The name "Changsha" first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty.During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Changsha hadbecome an important economic, cultural and military town in the south of Chu.After Qin Dynasty unified China, there were 36 counties in the world, andChangsha and its surrounding 9 counties were Changsha counties. In the HanDynasty, Wu Rui was granted the title of king of Changsha and established thestate of Changsha. Since the Tang Dynasty, Changsha has become the political,economic and military center of Hunan Province.

"Xiaoxiang Zhusi, the hometown of qujia", which is a historical gift toChangsha. The CI and Fu handed down by Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, the cultural relicsunearthed from Han tombs, the bamboo slips of the Three Kingdoms, ZhangZhongjings treatise on febrile diseases, and the underglaze color of Changshakiln are all shining with the glory of Changshas history and culture. Changsha,known as the "cradle of revolution", has produced many great people in moderntimes. It has nurtured Huang Xing, Li Weihan, Xu Teli, Yang Kaihui, Tian Han andother people with lofty ideals. It is also the hometown of Party and stateleaders Hu Yaobang, Zhu Rongji and Li Tieying.

Changsha is rich in products, known as "the land of fish and rice", "theland of fireworks", "the land of Xiang embroidery", "the land of pottery" and"the land of non-ferrous metals". It has been one of the four tea markets, fourrice markets and five pottery capitals in China since ancient times. Richproducts have created Changshas unique catering culture. Hunan cuisine andsnacks are made of exquisite materials.

各位女士们、先生们，小朋友们：大家好!欢迎大家光临故宫。很高兴今天能为大家服务。我是导游李栋，大家叫我小李就行了。故宫是中国最大的皇家园林博物馆，我很高兴能有机会陪各位欣赏它美丽的建筑艺术，共度这段美好的时光。

故宫博物院，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，今天人们称它为故宫。它玲珑剔透，造型别致，是中国古建筑中的杰作。

游客们，现在我们来到了太和殿。太和殿为故宫三大殿之首，建在5米高的汉白玉台基上，台基四周矗立着雕龙石柱。走近太和殿，您就会发现皇后居住的地方，里面都是龙椅、龙椅还有沥粉金漆的龙柱。

游客们，我们继续往前走，现在来到的是中和殿，中和殿在太和殿之后，是故宫三大殿之一。该殿是一座单攒尖顶的方形殿。黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶，是皇上生活的地方。

再往里走就是保和殿，保和殿位于中和殿之后，是故宫三大殿之尾。保和殿东西两侧的房子现该为历代艺术陈列馆，陈列有从原始社会到清代月六千年的中华艺术瑰宝。

再向纵深行进就是御花园，占地面积一万一千平方米，以钦安殿为中心，是皇上的后花园。

各位游客，我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能和大家度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么建议或要求，请提出宝贵意见，我一定尽力改正。祝大家玩的愉快。谢谢!

No grand-looking in the world but the Qiantang River Tide on August18th."

The extraordinary surging tide of the Qiantang River is a world-renownednatural wonder caused by the gravitation of the celestial body, the centrifugalforce produced by the rotation of the earth and by the peculiar bottleneck shapeof the Hangzhou Bay.

To the east of Zheshan Hill on the south bank of Qiantang River, there areabout 500,000 mu reclaimed-land like a peninsula to keep off the river mouth, soas to make from the hill to the outside 12th section like a large-sized bottlewith a small mouth. It is easy for the tide to come, but difficult to ebb.Hangzhou Bays width is over 100km, but up to the outside 12th section isnarrowed only several kilometers. However, the river east part of the riverbedis sharply raised. In this way, it becomesthe riverbed high and water a little.As a great quantity from the Qiantang River mouth is reaching, the tide cannotbe raised equally due to narrowed-down river area. Then, it is

forced rear tides pushing front tides while the front tide is not fastenough, thus, one upon another, forming the most magnificent natural phenomenonin the world.

On the 18th day of the 8th month in the Chinese lunar calendar, hundredsand thousands of tourists from both abroad and at home would come here to watchQiantang Tide. A scholar in the history wrote: "The Tide comes in a little drumvoice just like a silk thread across the River at far-viewing while reachesnearby in thunder just like mountains."

People have been keeping the tradition of watching the Qiantang Bore sincethe Tang dynasty. During the Southern Song dynasty, the tradition was observedin an unparalleled way. On August 18 in the lunar calendar, the court arrangedmarine inspection ceremony while tide-watching and tide-teasing is going on.This date is said to be the birthday of the god of waves. With the lapse oftime, the tradition of tide-watching becomes a grand occasion. And the localpeople organize various kinds of festivals to celebrate it. When a tide-watchingfestival arrives, people come from all over the country and the world at largeto watch the wonderful natural wonder. Yanguan Town in Haining is the mostfamous site for watching the Qiantang Bore and in recent years, Xiaoshan inHangzhou comes to be regarded as another ideal place to witness the worldwonder.

Qiantang Tidal Bore is very dangerous and if you are not careful enough. Soyou should obey the order and arrangement of the policemen who try everything toensure your pleasant watching and your personal security.

Zhangzhou city is located in the southeast coast of Fujian Province,adjacent to Xiamen and Shantou Special Economic Zones and across the sea fromChinese Taiwan. It is a prefecture level city in the southernmost part of FujianProvince. It has one city, two districts, eight counties and 120 townships,towns and streets. The city has a land area of 12600 square kilometers and a seaarea of 18600 square kilometers, with a total population of 4.58 million,including 34 square kilometers of urban built-up area and 340000 permanentresidents.

Zhangzhou, founded in 686 ad (the second year of Tang Dynasty), is a famouscultural city with a long history. It is rich in natural and cultural resourcesand has many places of interest. There are more than 280 revolutionaryhistorical sites and places of interest in the city. Among them, there are 11state-level key cultural relics under protection: Guandi temple in Dongshan, TzuChi palace in Longhai, Eryi building in Huaan, stone archway in Ming and QingDynasties, Dacheng Hall of Zhangzhou Confucian temple, East Bridge of LonghaiRiver, zhaojiabao in Zhangpu, Yianbao in Zhangpu, tianluokeng Tulou group inNanjing, hegui building and Shengwu building. Zhangzhou has five tourismresources with its own characteristics: beautiful and magical coastal sceneryrepresented by Dongshan and Zhangzhou coastal volcanic landform nationalgeoparks; gorgeous and attractive flower and fruit gardens represented by Huashistreet and Makou Flower Expo; long and splendid cultural relics represented byTulou and Kaizhang holy relic Jiangjun mountain; HUBOLIAO National NatureReserve and Mayang River rafting As a representative of the green ecologicallush, pleasant; to the Millennium Temple Sanping temple as a representative ofthe religious pilgrimage is famous. There are 2 national 4A tourist areas(Dongshan fengdongshi scenic area, Zhangpu Tianfu Tea Museum), 1 NationalGeopark (Zhangzhou coastal volcanic landform National Geopark), 3 NationalForest Parks (Huaan County, Dongshan County, Changtai Tianzhu Mountain), 2National Nature Reserves (Nanjing Huboliao, Yunxiao Zhangjiangkou Mangrove), 5provincial key scenic spots There are three scenic spots (Dongshan fengdongshi -Lantau scenic spot, Longwen yundongyan scenic spot, Zhaoan Jiuhou mountainscenic spot, Pinghe lingtongyan scenic spot, Zhangpu qianting - Gulei Bay scenicspot). Zhangzhou is famous for its rich culture. In ancient times, there wereChen Yuanguang, Zhu Xi and Huang Daozhou. In modern times, there were LinYutang, Yang Sao and Xu Dishan. Zhangzhous Xiang opera, Chaozhou Opera, puppetand puppet carving art are well-known at home and abroad. There are rich andcolorful traditional folk arts, such as paper-cut, lantern riddle, drum danceand woodcut New Year pictures.

Zhangzhou is located at 23.6-25 N and 117-118 e. it is a rich land withmountains, rivers and plains. It has superior natural conditions and goodagricultural foundation. The city has 2.5 million mu of cultivated land, 12.3million mu of mountainous areas, and 1.8 million mu of inland waters and shallowsea beaches. The coastline is 680 km, and there are many good natural ports.Zhaoyin port area, Gulei port area and Dongshan port area are deep-waterharbors, many of which can be used to build berths of more than 100000 tons. Thesecond largest river in the province, the 19long River, runs through the wholeprovince. Zhangzhou plain is the largest alluvial plain in the whole province.Zhangzhou has a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an annual rainfall ofabout 1500 mm, an average temperature of 21 ℃ and a frost free period of 330days. It is a natural "big greenhouse", evergreen in all seasons and rich inproducts. It is known as the "hometown of fish, rice, flowers and fruits". Richin "six famous fruits": citrus, litchi, banana, longan, grapefruit, pineapple,"three famous flowers": daffodils, camellia, orchids, as well as shrimp,grouper, abalone, lobster, scallops and other marine treasures. The beautifulNarcissus, "national treasure medicine" and "light of national products" areknown as "three treasures of Zhangzhou".

Zhangzhou is one of the key hometown of overseas Chinese in FujianProvince. The advantages of Chinese Taiwan Overseas Chinese are outstanding, and it isthe main ancestral home of Chinese Taiwan compatriots. One third of Chinese Taiwans currentpopulation is from Zhangzhou. There is a close relationship between the folktraditional culture of Zhangzhou and Chinese Taiwan, such as Gezai Opera and lanternriddle. Zhangzhou is located in the golden triangle of Southern Fujian, facingChinese Taiwan and Hong Kong and Macao in the south. It is between Xiamen and Shantouspecial economic zones. Since ancient times, Zhangzhou has been a transportationhub connecting Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces and leading to Chinese Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao and Southeast Asia. As early as 1985, Zhangzhou was listedas an open area by the State Council. In 1992, Zhangzhou was listed as an openarea by the State Council In 1993, the State Council approved the establishmentof Dongshan Economic and Technological Development Zone. In 1994, the StateCouncil designated Zhangzhou as a national export-oriented agriculturaldemonstration zone. In 1997, the Ministry of foreign trade and economiccooperation, the Ministry of agriculture and the Chinese Taiwan Affairs Office of theState Council jointly approved Zhangzhou as a cross-strait agriculturalcooperation experimental zone. At present, the city has 15 national andprovincial development zones, forming an all-round, wide-ranging and multi-levelpattern of opening up to the outside world. It has carried out economic andtrade exchanges with more than 140 countries and regions in the world, and hasutilized more than 6 billion US dollars of foreign capital.

Zhangzhou is an important transportation hub in the south of FujianProvince: Yingxia railway passes through the area and national highway passesthrough the area Lines 319 and 324 run across the north and south, XiamenZhangzhou Expressway and Zhangzhao expressway have been completed and opened totraffic, and Zhanglong expressway is speeding up construction; the distance fromthe urban area to Xiamen airport is less than 50 km, and it takes only half anhour to one hour from several counties in the South to Shantou airport;Zhangzhou Port is listed as one of the first batch of pilot ports for directflights to Chinese Taiwan by the state, and Zhaoyin port and Dongshan port are twonational ports Class a ports have been opened to the outside world, and thethroughput capacity of the citys ports exceeds 13 million tons. Houshi PowerPlant, the largest Chinese Taiwan funded project in China, has been built and connectedto the power grid, making Zhangzhou an important power base in Fujian. The postand telecommunication facilities are advanced and the development is ahead oftime. The city has perfect infrastructure and superior investmentenvironment.

After the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, Zhangzhousnational economy has been developing rapidly and healthily, and itscomprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced. According tothe argumentation of relevant national departments and experts, 12 of the 13indicators of agricultural development in Zhangzhou are higher than the nationalaverage. The comprehensive development of agriculture has achieved remarkableresults. The city has formed eight export bases of fruits, flowers, vegetables,edible fungi, aquatic products, livestock and poultry, drinks and spices. Amongthem, fruit, aquatic products and vegetables are the top three agriculturalproducts in China. At present, there are more than 4000 agricultural productsprocessing enterprises in the city, and a number of national and provincialleading enterprises have emerged. The city has built the largest green foodproduction base in Fujian, with a total of 11 categories and 99 productsobtaining the right to use the green label, accounting for more than 45% of theprovince. "Zhangzhou Narcissus", "Zhangzhou citrus", "wangguanxi pomelo" and"Tianbao banana" are famous at home and abroad. The city has cultivated andexpanded a number of key industries, backbone enterprises and famous brandproducts, and formed an industrial system dominated by food, electric power,machinery, electronics, household appliances, pharmaceuticals and otherindustries. There are three listed companies including Zhangzhou Development,Longxi shares and Pianzihuang pharmaceutical. They have two national famoustrademarks, 22 provincial famous trademarks and 36 famous brand products. Thecitys utilization of Chinese Taiwan capital is in a leading position at the municipallevel. As of April 20__, 1664 Chinese Taiwan funded projects have been approved in thewhole city, of which 6.63 billion US dollars were contracted and 3.43 billion USdollars were actually utilized, accounting for 47.2% of the total number ofthree funded enterprises, 54.3% of the contracted foreign capital and 57% of theactually utilized foreign capital. The number of large projects and megaprojects with Chinese Taiwan investment is increasing, of which 94 have invested morethan 10 million US dollars and 3 have invested more than 100 million US dollars.Among the 100 large enterprises and listed companies in Chinese Taiwan, FormosaPlastics, cankun, uni president, Taishan and Tianfu have invested and set upfactories in our city. The total number of Chinese Taiwan funded agriculturalenterprises introduced in the city is 731, accounting for 1 / 10 of the totalnumber of the whole country. The actual utilization of Chinese Taiwan fundedagricultural enterprises is 635 million US dollars, accounting for 1 / 3 of theprovinces total.

While firmly grasping the center of economic construction and acceleratingeconomic development, Zhangzhou city has always adhered to the principle of "twohands" and "two hands". The construction of the party and spiritual civilizationhas achieved actual results, and a number of influential advanced models haveemerged in the whole province. Zhangzhou 110 has become a banner of the nationalspiritual civilization construction; the party branches of Xikeng village andDongshan primary school in Pinghe county have been rated as the nationaladvanced grass-roots party organizations; the construction of "three-level corenetwork" of rural Party organizations has been fully affirmed by theOrganization Department of the Central Committee; it has taken the lead incarrying out the construction of organ efficiency in the whole country, andestablished the municipal administrative service center of "one window, one-stopservice" in the whole province It has been awarded the honorary titles of"national advanced city of building spiritual civilization", "national modelcity of double support" and so on, and has been rated as "national advanced cityof landscaping" and "Chinas excellent tourism city".

Todays Zhangzhou is standing on the starting line of the new century. Inaccordance with the goal of building an "ecological industry and Trade City", itis speeding up the implementation of the central city development strategy of"building a new area, developing along the river, and improving the old city",striving to build an ecological brand, improve the urban quality, and create ahigh living environment. A new Zhangzhou with rapid economic development,comprehensive social progress and peoples living and working in peace andcontentment is rising on the West Bank of the Straits!

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

Hello and welcome to the beautiful Zhangjiajie. Im very glad to visitHuangshi village, the largest skyscraper in Zhangjiajie. Let me introduce myselffirst. My surname is X. you can call me Xiao X.

People often say that "not to Huangshi Zhai, to Zhangjiajie in vain", wecan see that Huangshi Zhai is the essence of the entire Zhangjiajie landscape. Afamous poet used to comment on Huangshi village like this: "five steps arestrange, seven steps are amazing, ten steps away, dumbfounded."

The "secluded path of fir forest" in front of us at this moment wasartificially dug more than ten years ago. The road is steep and winding, loomingin the dense and quiet fir forest. Before the road was dug, there was only oneway to climb Huangshi village. Now, lets follow me along this "fir forest path"to enjoy the dazzling scenery on both sides.

Please pay attention to listen, do you hear bursts of singing? In front isTujia girls singing platform. At the moment, Tujia girls are singing beautifulTujia folk songs on the song platform. You see, they are wearing the mostrepresentative Tujia costumes. Tujia girls are all dressed in beautiful clothes,singing and dancing, which is a warm welcome to the guests from afar. Looking atthe beautiful mountains and rivers in Zhangjiajie all the way, now we see ourhospitable, kind and honest Tujia girls. Do you realize the true meaning of"beautiful mountains, beautiful waters and more beautiful people" inZhangjiajie

Look at the mountain on the right. There is a round stone pillar about 20meters high. On it is a stone box about 3 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. Onthe stone box, there is a stone cover. The stone cover is half in the air, halfon the box, surrounded by five green pines and cypresses. It is said that ZhangLiang once hid the three volumes of Tianshu written by Huang Shigong in the box.Later, because the war subsided, Zhang Liang took out the Tianshu and put it inother places. But he forgot to close the hood. Up to now, a half open stone boxhas been left. Because the stone box once contained the book of heaven, it wasknown as the "treasure box of book of heaven".

Lets take a look at the isolated pillar peak in front of us, and guesswhat the scenic spot is. It rises straight into the sky, reaching more than 300meters high, and its root firmly sticks to the earth. Its really like a giantrock pillar! This is the famous "nantianyizhu" in Zhangjiajie, which is namedbecause it stands under Nantianmen. "A pillar in the South sky" is a close-up ofthe whole scenery of Wulingyuan. It is the epitome of the whole "Wulingyuan"quartz sandstone peak forest landscape, and also the emblem and symbol of"Zhangjiajie International Forest Protection Festival".

Well, now I want to tell you that we have successfully reached the top ofHuangshi village. In front of this round stone peak hanging from top to bottomis the "star picking platform". Climbing on the "star picking platform" willgive people a feeling of "looking at all the mountains". Personality is that atnight, it seems that you can pick the stars from the sky as soon as you reachout. The artificial scenic spot in front of us is "Liuqi Pavilion". The "sixwonders" refer to the wonders of mountains, waters, clouds, rocks, animals andplants. This is also the only artificial landscape in the park.

Well, Ill explain that to you. Next, lets have a free tour. Well gatherhere in half an hour and go back to the hotel. Thank you!

Yulong Snow Mountain is located at the junction of Qinghai Tibet Plateauand Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, and at the junction of Hengduan Mountain Area inNorthwest Yunnan and plateau area in East Yunnan. It is the main peak of Yunlingmountain in Hengduan Mountain system, and is a young limestone fault block foldmountain. Due to the uneven rise of the earths crust, the landform ofalternating high mountains, deep valleys and Intermountain basins is formed,which belongs to the mountain valley area cut by Hengduan Mountain system, andthe mountain valley sub area in the north section of Hengduan Mountain. It is apart of the western Yunnan geosyncline in geological history. From Paleozoic toMesozoic, it was influenced by transgression and regression several times. TheHimalayan orogeny in tertiary extended to Quaternary, and Yulongshan was finallyformed at this time.

Yulong Snow Mountain belongs to Yunnan Tibet stratigraphic area. They aremainly carbonate rocks from Middle Devonian to Middle Carboniferous, followed bybasalt with limestone in Permian and limestone with sand shale in Triassic.There are Carboniferous, Permian basalt limestone interbedding and othermetamorphic rocks in the southern part of the mountain. In the south ofbaishacun, there are mainly Triassic strata. Permian basalt and green schist andgreenstone metamorphosed by basalt are found in Hutiao gorge and JinshajiangRiver Valley. The Quaternary glacial deposits and glacial water deposits can beseen in the east slope and Piedmont.

Yulong Snow Mountain is the southernmost modern monsoon marine glacierdistribution area in the Eurasian continent. According to the glacier cataloguepublished in 1994, there are 19 modern glaciers distributed in Yulong SnowMountain, including 15 on the east slope and 4 on the west slope, with a totalarea of 11.6 square kilometers. Baishui No.1 glacier is the largest glacier,with a length of 2.7 kilometers and an area of 1.5 square kilometers. Theequilibrium line is about 4800 meters above sea level, and the glacier is at theend The altitude is about 4200 meters.

大家好!我是阳光旅行社的导游王丝丝。今天我很荣幸，能给大家带团。按照丽江的民族习俗，女士都叫“胖金妹”，所以大家叫我王金妹就行。接下来我将带领大家一起游览古老而神秘的丽江古城。 我们过了这座石桥就进入了丽江古城。现在的丽江古城是在一次地震后重新修整的，所以有些地方与以前的古城不太一样。但是，这座古城还是散发着浓郁的民族气息。

现在我们所在的地方就是丽江古城最有特色的地方——纳西族风情院。大家看，整个小院的墙壁上都刻着一些图案，其实这就是纳西族人民所创造的纳西象形文字。

下面让我们一同走进古城里的四方街，一起去领略四方街的美丽，可不要掉队哦!看，这就是丽江古城，十分有名的四方街。四方街是丽江古城的中心地带。在这儿，大家可以看到街道两旁清澈见底的小溪，小溪上架着木桥，这就是古城里有名的“小桥流水”。也因为有了小桥流水，所以人们称丽江古城为“高原姑苏”。咱们通过一座座小木桥，就可以进入店铺，大家就可以在店铺里舒心的挑选自己喜欢的商品。这就是美丽的四方街。

好了，现在你们自己来游览丽江古城吧!丽江古城很大，街道纵横交错，并且十分相似，大家可别迷路了。如果迷路了，就一定要记住逆水而行就可以走出古城。但是大家可别光顾了自己的高兴，而破坏了丽江古城优美的环境。请大家务必于17:30酒店用餐，祝大家游览愉快!

Everybody is good, and where we are now, is the famous mogao grottoes. Mogao grottoes in dunhuang, it used to be like the singing, crescent lake, dunhuang is the famous tourist attractions, or by the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization in our country on the world heritage list in 29 landscape, one of the cultural heritage.

The mogao grottoes, commonly known as the thousand-buddha grottoes is located in the singing. Caves chisel in the 4th century AD, until the end of the 14th century, before and after the continuation of about one thousand years. The mogao grottoes is a magnificent building, is the palace of paintings and sculptures, is the largest and most content in Chinese now grottoes grottoes.

Of where the visitors, now is the door to the mogao grottoes, in front of us there are two towers, finishing mountain layers are hidden behind the hole, from a distance like a tower, a house room, room. The hole in possession of many treasures, books, documents, etc. Most eye-catching is the murals, particular is flying mural image.

Dear visitors, do you have any found mural is mostly incomplete, thats because once suffered a few times, more than one hundred years ago was stole many foreigners, now give people leave many regrets. I also want to here called on everyone to protect our world cultural heritage, inherit and carry forward our national culture.

Dear visitors, because time relationship, todays visit to call it a day. Hope you regret it, through this tour, know more about the mogao grottoes culture. Want a deeper understanding of the mogao grottoes, welcome you come again next time.