neither的用法讲解（合集19篇）

请大家跟我一起离开宾阳三洞拾级而上，现在我们看到的就是万佛洞。万佛洞的形状是方形平顶，顶上雕一莲花藻井，因洞内刻有15000尊佛像，又叫“万佛洞”。该洞主尊名阿弥陀佛，有圆光和身光，结跏跌坐在印覆莲束腰须弥座上，一手贴身斜举胸前，一手抚膝。原洞外除浮雕的二力士之外，还有两尊石狮，即龙门唐代浮雕的精品，在30年代被盗。现存于美国波士顿艺术博物馆和堪萨斯城纳威尔逊艺术博物馆内。

请大家跟我继续前行，现在我们来到了莲花洞。这里为什么叫“莲花洞”呢?这是因为洞顶雕有大型飞天环绕的大莲花藻井图案而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意为出淤泥而不染。因此，佛教石窟顶藻井多以莲花为饰，但像这样大型的莲花，雕刻的如此精美，在龙门石窟中这不多见。此洞开凿于北魏孝昌年间即公元526—528年前后，属于北魏后期作品。此洞高6.10米，深6.15米，主尊释迦高6米(为立佛)。两侧为胁侍菩萨，佛与菩萨之间，为侍立的伽叶、阿难二弟子。

朋友们，再登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了，龙门石窟最大的佛像就在这个寺内，奉先即奉供祖先之意。奉先寺是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具有代表性的重要洞窟。

奉先寺东西深约40米，南北宽约36米，其建造时间，据有关资料和专家推测，约始建于武则天被立为皇后的永微六年，就是公元655年之后。完工于上元二年，即公元675年乙亥十二月三十日，费时约21年左右。

“ 为了您，这座古城已经等了千年!”为了千年等一回，我们将要去凤凰，寻找那活了千年的生命，和死去千年的标本。凤凰地处湘西这个边陲小镇。始建于明朝嘉靖年间。自古以来就是一个兵城，也是一个商城。走进凤凰，每一扇窗户上都有一扇顾盼流芳的眼睛，每一块石板上都有情侣的倩影。每一条小河边都有苗家姑娘洗衣棒锤在石板上带着节奏的混响，还有那婉转悠扬的歌声。

说到凤凰，我不能不说苗族。苗族可以说是中国迁徙最频繁的民族，无数次的迁徙留下了一部悲壮而又苦难的历史。虽然是第一个发明水稻种植技术的民族，但是聪明的苗族人也没能改变战败迁徙的命运。他们用生命和鲜血谱写了历史，用智慧和坚韧传承了文明。逐鹿之战估计大家都听说过，这就是讲的皇帝无数次被苗族打败以后联络了炎帝反败为胜，打败苗族，逼着我们的领袖蚩尤带着我们迁徙到这大山深处，万山丛中。为了生存，我们采集野果野草，像蒿草粑粑，到现在还是我们餐桌上的食物。为了顺应自然，在这潮湿的大山深处繁衍生息。我们吃生姜驱寒，所以姜糖成了我们的喜糖。为了战胜自然，我们彰显力量，在每一年的锥牛节上，男人杀死最厉害的公牛。女人们敲下牛角做成梳子别在自己的头上。向世人炫耀男人的战利品。为了填饱肚子，我们尝遍野果，把银子做成了餐具。来甄别哪些东西有毒。

大家知道我们苗族人的身份证最早是用什么材质做的吗?你们看过血色湘西吗?我告诉你们：不是纸做的，更不是塑料做的。而是银子做的。自古以来，苗族人就是最骁勇善战的民族，虽然跟朝廷的战争无休无止。但是每一次面对国家尊严和民族大义的时候，苗族人都冲锋陷阵、血染疆场。远的不说，湘军中最能打硬仗的就是竿子军，竿子就是指湘西的土家族和苗族人。所以凤凰以前称为镇竿镇。再就是日本人占领长沙、常德的时候，又是湘西的竿子军用土土炮和血肉之躯筑起了一道钢铁长城，保卫了家园，捍卫了湘西这块弹丸之地。每一次战争的胜利都是鲜血染红的战场。湘西人对于故土，有着一般人无法理解的眷恋。就如沈从文的碑文：一个战士要不战死沙场，要不回到故乡。客死他乡的英雄们无法尸体还乡，无法魂归故里。有的甚至都认不出模样。他们甚至是带不回只言片语的遗言。活着回来的人无法面对老人期盼的眼睛，无法面对妻子望眼欲穿的守望，更无法给孩子们一个合理的解释。他们只能摘下那只象征着他们身份的耳环。一包包的耳环就是一个个鲜活的生命啊。亲人们接过自己家的耳环，供奉在祖宗的牌位上。告诉他们的后人，他们的祖宗不是孬种。

大家知道我们为什么要戴吉祥鼓吗?难道仅仅就是吉祥如意吗?不，任何东西的存在一定有它的原因。最早苗族人为了生存，为了驱逐野兽发明了鼓。好不容易在这蛮夷之地生存下来。战争却不期而至。让我们一次又一次的迁徙。从黄河流域到洞庭湖之滨，再到这边陲之地。无数次的颠沛流离，无数次的人走家随。鼓声成了战争的号角，当鼓声响起的时候，即使有再多的不舍。我们也不能停止迁徙的脚步。鼓声也意味着一个人都不能拉下。于是苗族人习惯了把所有的东西都铸成银器戴在自己的身上，随时准备迁徙。

大家知道我们的阿哥为什么要给阿妹送鱼纹的镯子吗?这不仅仅是检验女人的身体是否健康，是否能顺利传宗接代，更是一份家族的重托，一个民族的承诺。他是要告诉自己心爱的女人。总有一天，我会带着你，带着我们的孩子打回黄河流域，回到那有鱼有米的地方去的。

直到今天，当我们再一次面对商场昂贵的饮水机、洗衣机而百思不得其解的时候。销售员只是告诉我们，那是因为它们都是带银离子杀毒的。直到这个时候，我们才知道老祖宗的智慧。今天科技的进步让我可以精准的测量出银子的成分和功能，知道它可以杀死650多种细菌。上个世纪九十年代，随着改革的春风，那些老祖宗用了一辈子的餐具被我们搁置一旁。那些巧夺天工的加工技术被机器的复制替代。曾经被苗族人追捧的拉丝首饰也一度无人问津。知道什么是拉丝技术吗?拉丝顾名思义就是把银子拉成丝，拉得很细很细，甚至是细过了头发丝。这么说吧，一克银子能拉到一米左右。然后做成精美的首饰。知道为什么有拉丝吗?苗族人用银子彰显个性，妆点美丽。而贫穷的苗族人如何用有限的银子做出更大更张扬的饰品，廉价的劳动力和智慧的工匠创造了拉丝技术，满足了苗族人对银饰的喜好。今天，我们再一次欣赏到拉丝，看到拉丝工艺这真是我们的幸运，也是苗族人的荣幸。为什么这么说呢?文化的传承不仅仅是民族的追捧，更要政府的支持，还要与市场接轨，跟利益挂钩。否则就成了市场经济的炮灰。就如山西的那些百年木屋，甚至是很多具有厚重历史文明的地标古建筑都由于政府维修基金的不到位而一座座破坏、拆除、坍塌。苗族的银器锻造技术也曾经被机器替代。20__年，凤凰对外开放以后。很多人看到了商机，政府也大力支持，招商引资。挖掘出苗族的文化瑰宝：比如银器锻造技术、蜡染技术、苗绣等等。其中银子的锻造技术列入了世界非物质文化遗产名录。从此，凤凰的经济得到了飞速的发展。那些具有精湛技术的工匠们再一次重出江湖。有的甚至授上了世界非物质文化遗产传承人的名号。无数的银器店如雨后春笋般冒出来。良莠不齐、鱼龙混杂。

在外人看来，湘西贫穷、落后、出土匪。湘西人野蛮、粗鲁。那是因为您不了解湘西，不了湘西人。湘西的女人热情奔放、敢爱敢恨。湘西的男人豪放粗狂、淳朴善良。在这里孕育了著名的乡土文学之父沈从文、鬼才画家黄永玉、内阁总理熊希龄。沈从文的《边城》、《长河》可谓是家喻户晓。尤其是边城：一条清冽的小河，一个美丽的姑娘，几首动人的山歌，两个痴心的小伙，一只老黄狗，一个老爷爷。勾画了一副几乎完美的图画。读着他的书，字里行间几乎都能闻到泥土的芬芳。沈从文和张兆和的爱情故事也成为一段佳话广为流传。为了得到张兆和的欢心，沈从文写了上百封情书。只是当时的张兆和十分不领情的把情书扔到了胡适校长的桌上。胡适校长微笑着说：我看沈老师是顽固的爱着你哟。张兆和说：可是我顽固的不爱他啊。沈从文并不气馁。并且更加积极热烈的追求。终于抱得美人归。凤凰人就是这样：纯粹，执着，坚持到底。

在凤凰旅游业迅速发展的过程中。有一个苗族小伙子“阿牛”也跟沈老一样执着。他最早把苗族人家家户户都爱吃的一道菜：血粑鸭用真空包装，让游客带到了世界各地。并且带动了当地的老百姓脱贫致富。阿牛在质量上严格把关。绝对不做市面上的速成鸭子。他的原材料通通来源于本地的小麻鸭，一年才能长到两三斤。而且严格标明鸭肉和血粑的比例。凭着他的诚信和坚持赚得了人生的第一桶金。随着凤凰旅游业的发展，各地商人纷至沓来。在凤凰的大街小巷开满了银器店。工业用银和现代化的机器加工充斥着整个本地市场。打着世界非物质文化遗产的牌子到处倾销，偷换概念。作为一个地地道道的苗族人。阿牛心里十分不爽。于是他变卖祖业，筹集资金，深入苗寨，找到当年千锤百炼打造银器的能工巧匠。在凤凰古城门面最贵的地方开了凤凰最大的一家银器店，这是凤凰第一家手工银器店，所以起名《凤凰一号》。开店初期，无数人说他傻，说他笨，人家都用工业银，机器加工。你一个人做手工，做足银，成本高出几倍，如何能赚钱，怎么卖得出去。阿牛对其充耳不闻，他就觉得，他是苗族人，他有义务和责任传承苗族的文化，并且发扬光大，人家越是看不懂，他倒越是觉得商机无限。凭着他的独到的眼光和不懈的坚持，《凤凰一号》又一次取得了巨大的成功。拥有了一定经济基础的阿牛又有了新的想法。于是他潜心打造凤凰的金字招牌，用心做每一个产品。最后在离凤凰古城五公里的地方购地二十亩。打造了整个湘西最大的聚产、购、餐一体的镇竿阿牛有限公司。让游客在镇竿阿牛可以吃到绝对纯天然无污染的绿色食品。还能买到凤凰所有的特产。他的宗旨就是环保、绿色、天然、健康。

阿牛做事及其认真执着。比如一个大街小巷都有的蒿草粑，阿牛竟然请了我们湘西吉首大学和湖南大学的几个生物系教授研究它的配方。做出来的粑粑真的是秒杀了湘西所有的蒿草粑粑。那种如QQ糖一样的弹劲，还有完全看不到蒿草纤维的糯性。我们只能看到绿油油的粑粑。咬一口真的具有连舌头都吞进去的冲动。

Dear tourists, we are going to Jiuhua Mountain right now. Lets listen toXiao Ke first. Ill give you a brief introduction, so that when we arrive, wecan visit more quickly.

Jiuhua Mountain, located in Qingyang County, South Anhui Province, is oneof the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Liu Yuxi, a writer of the TangDynasty, praised Jiuhua Mountain after climbing it. He thought that the famousmountains in the world could not compete with Jiuhua Mountain. Li Bai went toMount Jiuhua three times. Jiuhua Mountain is characterized by beautifulmountains and numerous Buddhist temples.

To visit Jiuhua Mountain, you should first go to Jiuhua street, which isthe center of Jiuhua Mountain. Temples are mainly concentrated there, so it iscalled "Lotus Buddha kingdom". It is actually a village on the mountain. Besidestemples, there are shops, schools, hotels and farmhouses. Visitors can staythere and take it as a starting point to visit the scenic spots on themountain.

Huacheng temple on Jiuhua street is the oldest ancient temple of JinDynasty in Jiuhua Mountain. It is also the main temple of Jiuhua Mountain. Thearchitecture of the temple is arranged according to the mountain situation,reflecting the superb art of architectural design. In the temple, there is anancient clock which is more than ten feet high and weighs about 20__ Jin. It isexquisitely cast and has a loud voice. It is struck with a mallet. The solemnand clear sound of the bell reverberates in the valley, which often makes peoplefeel extraordinarily refined. "Huacheng evening clock" has become one of the"Jiuhua ten sceneries".

Jiuhua scenery is on the roof. Tiantai peak is the main peak of JiuhuaMountain, with an altitude of more than 1300 meters. There is a saying that "ifyou dont get on the roof, you dont come.". From the rooftop of Jiuhua street,about 15 Huali mountain road, along the road through many scenic spots. When youare out of breath and reach the top of the roof, the scenery in front of youwill make you open-minded and tired. All around the mountains crawling, lookingat Jiuhua street, only palm so big.

Well, here we are. We all get off the bus and follow Xiao Ke into thescenic spot. We must pay attention to our team flag. Dont fall behind or go tothe wrong team.

Dear visitors, everybody! Welcome to our lotus buddhist - the jiuhua mountain tourism! I am the guide from you on this trip, my name is wang ping, you call me xiao wang. First of all, introduce below an overview of our jiuhua mountain. Jiuhua mountain is located in chizhou anhui province, anhui "two mountain lake" gold tourist area of the main scenic area, where has beautiful scenery, ancient forest, and mount emei in sichuan province, wutai mountain in shanxi, zhejiang mount putuo and four major buddhist mountains in China.

The jiuhua mountain was not called the jiuhua mountain, at the time of the tang dynasty is called nine mountain, because beautiful jiuhua mountain, the clouds above the mountain there are nine, so nine mountain nine children. Began years, by Li Baiceng twice visited here, has written "miao have two gas, lingshan jiu hua, tianhe hangs green water, showing nine lotus" etc historic lovers, jiuhua mountain hence the name, and has been used to this day.

The jiuhua mountain has a long history of religious activity, Taoism in jiuhua mountain development first, Buddhism more flourish. Between kai-yuan tang, woosong kingdom prince Jin Qiao sailing east, visited famous mountains, the jiuhua practice in our chosen. Night camped out in the hills of the cave, thirsty drink mountain spring hill, hungry eat the mountain of wild plants. Finally he died at the age of 99. The Buddhism thought penance before his death, passed away with records in the sutras like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, as should like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, because of his surname gold without becoming a monk, so also known as the heart of gold. Jiuhua mountain is since then all kept like ksitigarbha bodhisattva dojo. After the tang dynasty, jiuhua Buddhism statement, past dynasties after repair, to the whole of the temple in the qing dynasty already has more than 150 seats, only garden temple, east cliff temple, centenarians palace, ganlu temple four big jungle, incense of guilin.

Below we first enter the jiu hua street scenic area, first see is a cross lane. It is carved marble, 9 meters high, is the imitation of buildings has been gloriously enrolled. Banners on the engraved royal emperor kangxi book "nine Chinese scenic spot" four characters. Below the door in the north and south two column carved stone lions. Gate dignified elegance, the gate lane welcomed everyone to see is the fairy bridge, the bridge is built in the qianlong years, is a single-arch stone bridge, the following will set foot on this ancient bridge together, please follow me, into the wonderland of together!

Everyone see, across the bridge is only positive garden temple hall. Garden temple is only key national temple, the scale is one of the largest the jiuhua mountain four big jungle, by the gate, the great hall, Ursa major, guest room, lecture hall and the scripture-stored tower and so on more than 10 monomer building, is a typical modular architecture, its inside deviate from the central axis of the hall, you know why? Because ah, tilt the gate is quite exquisite, way to ward off bad luck, and secondly is the door to the city of toward the mountain temple temple. Ursa coloured glaze tile, cornices, newborn status is very outstanding. On the front wall of the temple there is a stone carving, the top "taishan shigandang" five characters very eye-catching, everyone to guess what is this used for? Actually this is only unique garden temple, is used to ward off bad luck town demon.

Enter the gate, is lingguan temple, temple, that take the door stand see shrine is ChiMian red iron scourge, wide-open, exalted Wang Lingguan. Wang Lingguan guardian deity of Taoism, is how to protect the dharma? The original legend of buddhist dharma wei tuo "killing" mistake, is "dismissal" like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, let Wang Lingguan top class, this reflects the "cooperation" the great meaning of Buddhism and Taoism, is afraid is just a place in the country.

From lingguan temple in a small courtyard, there is a square pavilions type double-hipped roof, from the top of the mountain, for the four major Kings like, according to the great hall. Sits in the middle shrine "smile, pot-bellied inclusive" maitreya. "A great bowl of thousands of rice, wan lixing" the alone, is his two ket. On either side for the four heavenly Kings statues.

Lingguan temple and great in the same stylobate, while up layer on the stylobate is Ursa major. Ursa major, the positive standing about 12 meters high Buddha iii, next is green lotus, under 须弥座 (also called Jin Gangtai), fine carving. Sweets positive cross engraved with the "personality" of the story of bedding face relief. The Buddha, worship for hosts will monk run course.

Good, swim only garden temple, we now come to the center of the street, is nine China we see is the jiuhua mountain temple temple in the city. Buddhist scriptures have "refers to the geochemical city". City temple is located in jiuhua mountain, peak city southwest of the city center, hence the name the city temple. City temple has a long history, it built in the jin dynasty, is Lord also of the jiuhua mountain temple, the temple of the building layout according to the mountain, reflect the superb architectural art. Temple has a higher consisting, weighing about 20xx pounds of clocks, casting, loud noise, use the hammer impact, dignified realisation of the bell, echoed in the valley, often make the person has the feeling of free from vulgarity. "The city production" became one of the ten views "of" nine China.

Temple after waste, still stands in the years long river. Existing four into the residential house, former SanJin for qing dynasty architecture: a into lingguan temple, two into the great hall, SanJin Ursa major. Second, there was a huge four water between SanJin patio, meaning "four water belongs to the hall". Ursa all wood door, lintel carved on the icy veins window lattice. The cuhk sunk panel "Kowloon dish bead" relief for the art treasures. Four into the scripture-stored tower as the jiuhua mountain unique buildings in Ming dynasty, recently according to the original repair. Temple according to the terrain gradually rise, the city structure is rigorous, of primitive simplicity and elegant, basic preserved the mountain temple original character.

The city shishi pair of song dynasty, under the temple steps of monogamous, like vigorous. Before have a free life pond, crescent, reportedly is golden heart leads the ACTS of building city temple during excavation, both for the temple of fire prevention, and monks and pilgrims and set them free. Before the pool is flat, open city square, the square one with the stone in the base of "empress" base, is hid in the mothers memorial gold. Allegedly hid mother learned that gold stashed ZhuoXi jiu hua, wanli trek to mountain son back, found a long time, eager, and combined with all the way wind and frost, nearly blind eyes. Gold heart with square edge mother washed for a well in the spring eye, healed mother eye diseases, CiJing Ming eyes say "spring". Gold heart attentively to wait on her mother and asked her to elaborate buddhist karma, mother is feeling, finally leave mountain to help protect the Buddha, and later generations built in the square tower, tower "called" empress. But the jiuhua mountain also has said "empress" tower is commemorative gold hid in the wifes before becoming a monk. Both mother and wife, "the legend of empress tower is beautiful.

Ok, we the jiuhua mountain tour to this end, thank you for your support and cooperation for the work of wang, hope I still have a chance to continue to service for you, I wish you all a pleasant journey! Thank you very much!

女士们、先生们：

今天，我带领大家去故宫参观游览。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。 历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作 紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6 根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人 在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。如一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1。5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。厉害!

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，下面给大家2小时自由参观的时间，请大家不要在墙上乱涂乱画，保护文化遗产，希望大家玩的愉快。

我的家乡在武宁，是一个美丽的地方，而最美的要数庐山西海了。它占地480平方公里。下接中国最大的淡水湖泊阳湖，上接清澈绵延的修河。它既有五彩池的碧绿湖水，又有千岛湖的岛屿世界。

一到庐山西海放眼望去，一座座岛屿，星罗棋布般撒落在湖面上。就像从天上掉下来的珍珠。又像一个个绿色的小森林在时刻保卫着庐山西海。这些岛屿有的已经成为了游客们的一方乐土，有的还没有开发上面的原生植物十分茂盛，别有一番韵味。岛屿的大小也极其没有规则，大的有几平方公里，小的才不过20平方米。

庐山西海的水真美啊!站在湖边，乍看庐山西海的水，犹如一坛诱人的陈年老酒，那么清亮，那么柔和，轻盈盈的;细看，则宛如一面翡翠嵌着的宝镜。碧水中，不时荡过一丝丝水纹，好似无数透明的丝带在水中飘舞使得庐山西海更加妖娆。

庐山西海的水质也特别好。这里有跟恐龙同年代出现的国家级濒危保护动物——桃花水母，因为桃花水母要求水质特别高，所以他们才在庐山西海生存。还有，庐山西海的鱼也非常有名，有西海清水鱼的美称。这里的水烧鱼，味道特别鲜美。有许多游客都慕名而来，为的就是一饱口福，有的游客把鱼带回家，自己去烧，小巫见大巫了，味道不一样了。

我们一定要保护好庐山西海，它可是祖国内陆的‘蓝宝石’!我爱庐山西海!

hello everyone! Hard work all the way! First of all, on behalf of thetravel agency, I would like to welcome you to Fuzhou, the capital of FujianProvince. Im a tour guide of CTS. My family name is __. You can call me Xiao Xor director X. Next to me is our driver, Mr. Chen. Mr. Chen and I will serve youthese two days. We will try our best. I hope my work can get your strong supportand our service can make your trip to Fuzhou leave a good memory.

Fuzhou is a famous city with a history of more than 2200 years. In the 13thyear of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty, Fuzhou was established as the capital ofFuzhou. In the second year of Liang Kaiping in the Five Dynasties, King Shenzhiof Fujian expanded the city and enclosed the beautiful Wushan, Yushan andPingshan into the city. From then on, Fuzhou became a unique city with"mountains in the city and cities in the mountains". "Three mountains" becamethe alias of Fuzhou.

Located in the lower reaches of Minjiang River in the east of FujianProvince, Fuzhou is the political, economic and cultural center of FujianProvince. The total area of the city is 11968 square kilometers, including 1043square kilometers in the urban area, and the total population is more than 4.8million, including 1.16 million in the urban area. Fuzhou is also known as "thecity of banyan" because it was planted with banyan trees more than 900 yearsago. At present, it has jurisdiction over five districts of Gulou, Taijiang,Cangshan, Mawei and Jinan, and two cities and six counties of Fuqing, Minhou,Luoyuan, Lianjiang, Changle, Pingtan, Minqing and Yongtai. The residents aremainly Han nationality, and there are more than 20 ethnic minorities, such asshe, man, Miao and Hui. Fuzhou is a warm and humid subtropical monsoon climatewith pleasant climate and evergreen trees. The annual average temperature is19.6 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month is 10.5 ℃, the averagetemperature in the hottest July is 28.6 ℃, and the average annual precipitationis 1342.5mm. The best travel season is from April to November every year. Thereis a famous hot spring in the city.

Members of the group, what Im going to talk about today is the treasure ofancient architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties in Fuzhou -- three lanes andseven alleys.

Sanfangqixiang is located in the center of the city. It is adjacent tobay17 North Road in the East, Tonghu road in the west, Yangqiao road in thenorth, Jibi lane and Guanglu square in the south. It covers an area of about 40hectares and has 3678 households with a population of more than 14000. Threelanes and seven alleys are the abbreviation of ten alleys arranged from north toSouth on both sides of nanhou street. Three lanes are Yijin lane, Wenru lane andGuanglu lane; seven lanes are Yangqiao lane, Langguan lane, Ta lane, Huang Lane,Anmin lane, Gong lane and Jibi lane. Due to the reconstruction of Jibi lane,Yangqiao lane and Guanglu lane into roads, only two lanes and five lanes arepreserved. Even so, in this residential area with a long history, there arestill rich cultural relics and historic sites, including a number of formerresidences of celebrities and buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In thisresidential area, there are many lanes, stone slabs, white walls and greentiles, strict structure, exquisite houses and ingenious craftsmanship, whichembody the characteristics of Minyue ancient city. It is a gathering place ofMinjiang culture, and is regarded as a large-scale museum of Ming and Qingancient architecture by the architectural circles.

"Three lanes and Seven Alleys" is the main symbol of Fuzhou, a famoushistorical and cultural city of China. It is known as the Museum of ancientarchitecture of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Chen Yan, a modern poet, said: "whoknows that the five willows are solitary pines, but they live in three lanes andseven alleys." This is about the origin of "three lanes and Seven Alleys".

The folk customs of three lanes and seven alleys are also therepresentative of Fuzhou folk customs. Many festival and custom centers areoften concentrated in three lanes and seven alleys, which include folk beliefs,festival activities at the age of, folk customs in buildings, etc.

"Moonlight shines on the pond; riding a bamboo horse across the pond; itshard to cross the depth of the pond. Wait for my sister to take a boat to meetLang. Ask long Lang, short Lang and when will Lang return? " This is a folk songwritten by Chang Gung, an observer of the Tang Dynasty. It has brought manychildhood memories to generations of people living in three lanes and sevenalleys. Until now, especially the older generation is still excited to hear thiscatchy folk song.

Three lanes and seven alleys are famous for its nearly 300 ancientresidential buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient streets, completelanes, ancient rivers, ancient bridges and ancient banyan trees have formed asimple and distinctive traditional style, which has aroused the wide interest ofmany experts in cultural relics and Archaeology at home and abroad, and hasbecome a must for tourists to come to Fuzhou. It can be said that she is "rarein China, only in Jiangnan". The three lanes and seven alleys of overseasChinese in Fuzhou are their haunted and unforgettable hometown.

The road of "three lanes and Seven Alleys" is definitely a small road.Maybe it has been so small for hundreds of years that it can only walk two sedanchairs side by side. However, "the mountain is not high, the immortal is thespirit!" the road is not big, and some people are famous. It is from such alleysthat how many celebrities and heroes have emerged in the past dynasties? Theywent out of the deep alleys, to the land of Fujian, to all corners of the world,and achieved a great cause. They are proud of them.

The ancient architectural features of the three lanes and seven alleys aremainly shown in the following aspects: stone slab deep alleys, green tiles andpowder walls, various kinds of exquisitely carved door covers, wind and firewall style multi entrance courtyards. From the height of the mansion, it lookslike layers of waves on the sea, and the waves from one place to another aremagnificent and shocking.

Three lanes and seven alleys are not only famous for their ancientbuildings, but also represent the fine tradition of Fuzhou peoples emphasis oneducation and good reading. The prosperity of the imperial examination is alsorare in China. Lu Zuqian, a famous scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, who isknown as one of the three sages in Southeast China as well as Zhu Xi and ZhangShi, wrote a well-known poem in Fuzhou: "when the road meets ten guests, nineare green, half are old brothers in the same robe. I remember the quiet lightsof the city bridge and the sound of reading in the South and north of the lane." This poem is also a vivid portrayal of three lanes and seven alleys, whichshows the number of scholars in Fuzhou and the vivid scene of studying hard atnight.

"Three lanes and Seven Alleys" is the witness of Fuzhous history; "threelanes and Seven Alleys" is the crystallization of peoples wisdom in MinjiangRiver Basin; "three lanes and Seven Alleys" is the epitome of Fuzhous gatheringof people and culture. It records the historical facts of Min king in the lateTang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, and the experience of emperor zongnan of SongDynasty and Emperor Longwu of Ming Dynasty in Fuzhou. It blew the wind and rainof the 1911 Revolution and spread the influence of the May 4th movement ofBeijing in Fuzhou. There were hundreds of high-ranking officials, scholars andcelebrities living in these lanes. Huang Pu, a famous scholar in Tang Dynasty,Chen Xiang, a neo Confucianist in Song Dynasty, Chen lie, a poet in late TangDynasty, Zheng Xingzhi, a champion, Zhang Jing, a famous Anti Japanese generalin Ming Dynasty, Shen Baozhen, a governor of Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu, a modernenlightenment thinker, etc. all lived in Sanfang Qixiang, and Lin Juemin, afamous martyr in Huanghuagang. When it comes to Lin Juemin, we have to mentionhis book with his wife. Lin Juemin

各位来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自南昌的导游甜心X公主，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了把!这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

十月二日我们把生活用品和食物备齐，把家里事情打理好后高高兴兴去九华山了，开始了我们的自驾之旅。九华山位于安徽省池州市青阳县境内，风景区面积120平方公里，保护范围174平方公里。是首批国家重点风景名胜区，着名的游览避暑胜地，现为国家5A级旅游区、全国文明风景旅游区示范点，与山西五台山、浙江普陀山、四川峨眉山并称为中国佛教四大名山，是“地狱未空誓不成佛，众生度尽方证菩提”的大愿地藏王菩萨道场，被誉为国际性佛教道场。……经过两个小时的车程终于到了九华山风景区的游客换乘中心。

九华山的游人还真多啊!每个停车场都很拥挤，找了20多分钟才找到一个空车位下了车，我们往前走这里的街道可真繁华，人山人海的，这里的每一家商店卖的东西都离不开“佛”这个字，像佛像、拜佛用的佛香、佛型的挂件、饰品……我们往前走了大概1千米左右总算来到了售票处，买票上山的游客自觉得排起了两条长龙，我们排队半个多小时才买好了门票。

我们坐上了去九华山风景区的大巴，当大巴行驶在弯弯曲曲的盘山公路上我不由得一阵心惊肉跳，在这么危险崎岖的山路上，没有一定的驾驶技术是不敢上路的。在途中我看见了很多寺庙有只园寺，化城寺，旃檀禅林寺等。到达目的地了，这时我看见旁边的路标上写着“九华街”，这里是九华街呀!我拿爸爸手机查了一下资料上说九华街坐落化城盆地，四山环抱，方圆约4平方公里，是九华腹地中一颗明珠。看样子很好玩我四处看了看这里有很多农家乐。突然我看见了一座很大的寺庙——化城寺，爸妈带我进去烧香拜佛求佛祖保佑，这里香火极盛，游人不绝。

吃完午饭后我们又坐车去九华山天台风景区，上天台景区要坐索道去，看着上上下下的索道缆车我有点怕但又想体验一下刺激，坐在缆车上很平稳我有点高兴又有点失望，我高兴是因为很安全，失望是因为没体验到想像中的惊险刺激，缆车窗外的山上有很多黄山松(跟黄山松的品种一样统称为黄山松)不一会儿到达了天台哇!有一句话说的真不错，“去九华山，不去天台等于没来”。

在天台上可以看到九华山的全景，那里有一座山很像观音菩萨，正好这座山也叫“观音峰”。据说这还有一个故事：传说释地藏大师在拜经台诵经闭关，观音菩萨千里迢迢赶来探望。菩萨聚首，深究佛旨。相谐之余，观音亦为灵秀九华所陶醉，离行时，观音轻点一石，是现一尊女相观音，以示教化。“石观音”面庞圆润，胸脯微挺，衣帽毕肖，襟带飘动，欲朝东北而行，酷似正在巡视人间救苦救难的观世音菩萨。从天台放眼四周，四处都是山峰和松树，风景真是美极了!

时间不早了，我们决定不坐缆车自己走下去。在下山的路上，不时看见了三五成群的猴子在道路中间向游人讨要零食，我听旁边一位老人给它取了外号拦路猴。越往下走猴子越多，看那一只小猴子被猴妈妈抱在怀里，正是有趣极了!

天慢慢的阴沉下来，感觉马上要下雨了，我们必须要赶快回到车子旁边……总算到了停车场，可把我累死了。爸爸开车带我们去铜陵的外婆家休息一晚准备明天的行程。

形容一件事情的结束，通常是说，划上了一个圆满的句号。如果说初阶班的结束是画上了一个省略号的话，高阶班的结束连句号都划不上，更不要说完美的句号。为什么呢，因为我是有些完美主义的，总觉得高阶班是一个仓促的结束，并没有达到预期的要求。在这个结束之余，谈一些自己的感受和体会，为以后的生态讲解员培训能够更加成熟积累一些经验和教训。

虽然在国外和中国港台地区，生态导览已经发展的比较成熟，但是在国内，生态讲解员还是一个很新鲜的概念。因此我们希望去做一个尝试，在一个大城市，一个钢筋混凝土的石头森林发动人们对自然进行观察和认识。这种认识并不是来源于教材书本，而是来自于生态讲解员在自然环境中的直接引导。这种引导，可以是带领大家去发现身边的动植物，比如观鸟，让普通市民知道除了麻雀之外，上海还有许多种类的鸟类，能亲眼看到它们，认识他们，知道有关的小知识(如看到棕背伯劳引入一下劳燕分飞。)，还可以是认知一些身边常见的物种，我并不是强调物种辨识的必要性，而是从普通市民的需求来看，对动植物，尤其是常见的动植物是非常想知道他们的名字的，尤其是植物。

在豆瓣上曾经有人发起过一个非常火的线上活动，就是贴出身边常见的植物。我记得当时我帖的宝盖草和泽漆得到了很多条回复，大家一致的反应是，哇，天天见到，终于知道它是什么东西了。还有人提出应该在学校植物上做吊牌，让大家都认识认识。可见这方面是有所需求的，所以物种辨识的基础，作为一个生态讲解员是必要的。

并不是要成为多个某个方面的物种高手。事实上某类物种的所谓高手，也是一个不断积累的过程，天天接触，看，辨认，经常参加野外考察，加上有一个经验知识丰富的指导，一切因素加起来，至少需要2年的时间。无论是哪种基础的生态讲解员，要能训练到向游客去说多种不同的生物，如植物、鸟、昆虫、节肢动物、甲壳动物，这个难度是相当大的，无他，只有靠积累。这种积累是有针对性的，可以从最常见的最容易见的入手，随着经验的增长不断提高。物种辨识只是最基础的，对物种的了解和提炼才是一个生态讲解员需要锻炼的素质。除了解答市民想认识种类的要求后，还可以进一步带他们去观察和感受更多自然的元素。

如观察到因潜叶蝇和潜叶蛾的取食，叶片上出现的弯曲白线，捡起地上梧桐裂开的特色的果实，触摸腊梅有质感的似磨砂面的叶片，聆听各类鸟类的鸣叫，闻闻鸡矢藤的味道(虽然难闻，但是对这个名字有了更深认识)等等。这类导览和介绍是更高级的要求，就是能否发现游客不曾注意的自然现象，或者能否给游客常见又不解的现象做出生动的解释。在天马山解释白头鹎叫声的时候，树懒说，大家可以听到现在出现的两种叫声，一种是唧唧喳喳很吵的声音，一种是比较悦耳清脆的鸣声，实际上这些都是白头鹎的叫声。为什么它会发出两种完全不同的声音呢，因为和人一样，我们听到的叽叽喳喳的比较吵闹的声音相当于它在说话，那种很悦耳的声音就相当于它在唱歌。这个例子非常通俗和好记，对于普通游客来说就非常适宜。这种能力同样需要积累和强化。

以上，是对生态讲解员培训班的目标和内容做一个总结。我们的初衷，也是想在国内能够培训一批这样的生态讲解员，能够在活动中带领一队人，为他们进行自然讲解，增加他们对自然的兴趣和观察自然的意识。由于是第一次尝试，存在着很多缺陷和不足。

你们看!徽州府府堂的右方矗立着一座谯楼，叫阳和门，红石城墙，古朴典雅。走过阳和门，矗立在大家面前的就是气势磅礴的许国石坊，许国石坊建于明朝，南北长11.54米，东西宽6.77米，高11.4米。如此规模宏大、呈八脚结构的牌坊举世无双。

坊主许国是三朝重臣。因平定云南边境叛乱有功，受到了“加恩眷酬”，回到老家歙县，建造了这座千古留名的大石坊。据说一般臣民只能建四脚牌楼，否则就是犯上。当时徽州四脚牌楼林立，许国如果只是造一座四脚牌坊，无法体现他的官

重威显。怎样才能与众不同呢?许国想了个“先斩后奏”的点子，许国建这座牌坊前后共拖了七、八个月才回朝复命。由于超假，许国久默无声，皇上迷惑，责备说：“建坊这么久，不要说是四脚，就是八脚也早就造好了”。许国听了，顿时口呼万岁，奏称“谢皇上恩准，臣建的正是八脚牌楼。”皇帝听了哭笑不得。

许国石坊左边是徽园，素有“徽州文化大观园”之称，是在歙县新建的仿古旅游城。再现了徽州明清时期的风貌，气势宏大，鳞次错落，脉传徽州文化之神韵，新创徽派建筑之精华。走进徽园，就如走进了婉约的江南，走进了古朴典雅的徽州古城。

游客朋友们：

大家好！在这里，请允许我代表阿坝州82万藏、羌、回、汉各族人民热忱欢迎你们的到来，并希望我们的服务能为你们的九寨沟之游增添一份温馨、一份快乐。

游客朋友们，进入九寨沟，你们就是沟内1000多名藏族同胞最尊贵的客人，就是九寨沟童话世界里的一公主和王子，希望你们在沟内玩得开心、玩的温馨、玩的尽兴。

游客朋友们，九寨沟是中国惟一拥有“世界自然遗产”和“世界生物圈保护区”两项国际桂冠的自然风景名胜区。它位于中国四川省西北部阿坝藏族羌族自治是境内的九寨沟县中南部，在岷山山脉南段尕尔纳峰北麓，属长江水系嘉陵江源头的一条支沟。九寨沟因有九个藏族村寨而得名。九寨沟景色秀丽奇艳、世所罕见，在现代社会中还能保持如此完美神奇的天然梦幻景象，这与九寨沟藏族同胞所信奉的藏传佛都中的苯波教有很大的关系。藏族人信奉神灵，他们认为九寨沟的一草一木、山山水水都是神灵所恩赐，所以我们尊重九寨沟人民的风俗就是对九寨沟的最大尊重，也是对九寨沟藏族人民的最大尊重。我们相信您在享受自然的同时，也能做到不在沟内吸烟、不乱丢垃圾、不投食喂鱼、不攀树摘花。在这里我代表九寨沟人感谢你们的合作和对我们工作的支持！

九寨沟保护区总面积720平方公里，外围保护区600平方公里，保护缓冲区为110平方公里，旅游开放区为140平方公里。以诺日朗为中心，由树正沟、日则沟和则渣洼沟组成，我们现在正在走的这条沟叫树正沟，长14公里，其他两条沟，则渣洼沟长18公里，日则沟长17公里。景区单程49公里。

我们到达的下一个景点是进沟的第一个藏寨--荷叶寨，是九寨沟内繁华的村寨之一，村寨中的藏民一改过去游牧和农垦的生活方式，定居在寨中，原有的古老木结构的房屋现在都成了家庭旅舍，他们随时用香喷喷的酥油茶、甘甜的青稞酒热情款待每位慕名而来九寨沟的远方贵客，这也是由于政府保护九寨沟要求他们退耕还林而为他们寻求的一条谋生之路，这样类似的情况还有树正寨和则渣洼寨。荷叶寨的后边有一棵百年巨松，孑然独立，苍劲伟岸，那便是迎客松，传说是萨尔当年来九寨沟降妖除害时，曾变成一只雄鹰搏斗，这棵孤松就是他追捕妖魔自天空飞过时扇动翅膀而留下的标志，我们现在到了荷叶寨。

紧接着，我们将到千姿百态的盆景滩。它实质是钙质流的形态，在乳白色的钙质层上面渗着一层薄薄的水，水中生长着喜爱水性的白杨、杜鹃、松树、柳树，这些树在滩流上形态各异，我们现在到了盆景滩站。

我们欣赏了形态不一的盆景滩，下面我们很快将到半沼泽湖泊芦苇海，海拔2140米，芦苇海长2公里，一条碧流蜿蜒穿行其中，传说是仙女色嫫路经芦苇海时留下的一条彩带。

芦苇海形成的主要原因在于岩溶作用，在九寨沟的地貌形成中，岩溶发育在这里有十分有利条件，巨厚的碳酸及灰岩提供了可溶物质基础；温湿的气候，茂密的植物为岩溶作用提供了较丰富的降水和适宜的水化学条件，成网络状发育的构造裂隙和剧烈的地貌反差为岩溶水提供了通道和流动环境。

我们的下一景点是双龙海，海中为钙化堤埂，活像两条巨龙潜伏水底。传说因为它们玩忽职守，造成洪水泛滥，带给了九寨人民无比的痛苦，格萨尔王一气之下将两条龙镇压在这儿一大一小的两个海子中。在公路边能够看到一条小龙，在对面的栈道上可看到另一条细龙。九寨沟的水是九寨沟的灵魂，一步一变幻，一步一个景，这是一个容易让人激动的地方，请看这路旁水深9米的火花海，欣赏火花海的最佳时刻是太阳斜照的时刻。清晨的时候，旭日东升，晨晕轻拂水面，湖上波光如焰，金碧耀眼；黄错的时候，落日斜照翠海，千万朵火花自水中绽开，灿烂热烈，无论春夏秋冬，只要有阳光，火花不会在湖面盛开、闪烁。

我们再看卧龙海中，乳黄色的钙化堤横卧于深22米的湖心中，宛若一条腾飞的游龙。卧龙海海拔2215米，面积61838平方米。当卧龙进入了静谧的梦乡的时候，卧龙海是宁静的；而当微风掠过，湖面轻漾涟漪，龙体徐徐蠕动，山风稍大的时候，卧龙摇头摆尾，跃跃欲飞，活灵活现。

现在大家看到的这一带被称为树正群海，由大不41块海子组成，形成了“树在水中长，水在林中流”的奇景。树正群海被称为九寨沟的缩影，沿着石阶而下，可见树正栈桥，古老的石磨、水转经，电影《自古英雄出少年》的许多景点就是在这里拍摄的。

这白色的塔是象征九个藏寨乞求祥和的九宝莲花菩提塔。

前方看见的这个寨子是进沟后看到的第二个寨子--树正寨，在这里的藏家旅店中可品尝到奶香四溢的酥油茶和清凉可口的洋芋糍粑，也可观赏到独具特色的民族歌舞，还有展示族文化的“民族文化村”。首先，我向各位游客说一句“切记嘎的扎西德勒，许娃学”，意思是祝各位吉祥如意，大家要进入民俗村，首先要了解民俗村的寨门及建筑外观，上面图案丰富，都代表各自的含义，从下往上看，在寨门有两层形似屋顶的东西，上面画着白云。九寨沟素有“童话世界，人间仙境”的美称，意思是说在白云的陪衬下，来领略我们民俗村的原始古朴，没有人工修饰的自然美。在请各位游客朋友抬头向寨门边上看，上面挂有一层粉红色的布帘，它代表风神，是说每当在风吹起的时候，各位游客朋友从底下经过，它将吹去你们的一切的烦恼、忧愁和疾病。在寨门上方画着两条龙，大家都知道，中国是龙的故乡，作为炎黄子孙龙的传人，我们都非常喜欢龙，把龙画在这里是表示对远方来客的尊敬之意，而寨门下方画着两头狮子，我们藏族一般生活在雪原地带，所以把狮子画成白色，代表我们纯洁的心灵，白色的狮子长有绿色的毛，意思是在雪的地方就会有水，而有水的地方就会有绿色的草，它代表我们藏族的存在，同时表示我们藏族文化的外在表现之一，就是具有强烈民族特色的宗教服饰文化、宗教信仰，具有鲜明的个性特征。教导一切万物都是由生命力的，都要神一样的保护它。

我们继续逆流而上，不远处白色的银练飞流而下，龙腾虎跃似的，这就是宽67米，落差15-20米的树正瀑布。

如果说星罗棋布的树正群海是老虎海脖子垂挂的一串翡翠项链，那么凝翠泛蓝的未名海就是老虎海头顶的一颗耀眼的明珠。

老虎海的水流淌下去形成了树正瀑布，在秋季老虎海对面山上，层林尽染、姹紫嫣红的树林倒映在清澈的海水中，色彩绚烂，斑驳陆离，犹如一块虎皮，故名老虎海。老虎海得名的另一个原因是因为九寨沟有114个海子，而老虎最爱在这个海子里喝水，所以娄地人为它取名“老虎海”。

我们将到的下一个景点是犀牛海，它是在九寨景区中仅次于长海的第二个大海子，面积20万平方米，长约2。2公里，深12米，犀牛海中的倒影层次分明。

传说犀牛海与犀牛有关，从前有一位西藏高僧身患重病骑着犀牛来到这里，奄奄一息，可是当他喝了路边的甲里甲格神泉之后，病痊愈了。后来，他为了感谢甲里甲格神泉，就在这里留下了犀牛，故名犀牛海。甲里甲格神泉，是一种低钠泉，富含钙和锶等矿物质，不但苦甜解渴，而且还有美容养颜、延年益寿之功效。九寨沟矿泉水厂生产的九寨沟牌矿泉水就取自这里。

各位游客，回顾我们所经过的盆景滩、芦苇海、火花海、树正群海、树正瀑布、老虎海和刚过的犀牛海些景致后，您是否有“九寨归来不看水”的感觉呢？水是九寨沟的灵魂，相传男神达戈把宝镜送给色嫫的时候，色嫫的时候，色嫫不小心失手打破了镜子，破碎的镜片就变成了九寨沟内114块海子，海子就是我们这里的藏民对高山湖泊的称呼。

我们一路上看见了很多像旗帜的东西，那就是经幡。数米长的红、白、黄等颜色的布料印上经文，竖挂在旗杆上，立于房屋周围或寺庙旁边，高20米左右，又称天梯，就是赖以升天的阶梯。经幡经风吹动一次，就表示经文被念了一道，经幡就是藏民向上苍表达虔敬之情的华贵经卷。经幡立在不同的地方就有不同的含义，立在桥边表示祝过客一路平安，立在房前屋后表示祈求上苍保佑。

刚才介绍了美丽的传说后，我们的客人是否也为达戈和色嫫的真挚爱情所动心呢？更让人兴奋不已的时候到了，那就是诺日朗瀑布。诺日朗瀑布是我国大型的钙化瀑布，此瀑布跨度在我国居首，宽270米，高24·5米，海拔2365米。而诺日朗藏语意思是“男神”的意思，象征雄伟壮观，因为诺日朗瀑布处于景区的中心地带，所以又寨沟的标志。

我们现在即将到的是诺日朗，请各位游客作好下车的准备。诺日朗朝左走是则渣洼沟，全长18公里，可游览九子同心石、五彩池和长海；右边是日则沟，长17公里，可观赏镜海、珍珠滩、五花海、熊猫海、箭竹海、天鹅海、草海、剑岩和原始森林。现在我们到了九寨沟景区中心诺日朗。

我们已经过了主沟树正沟，现在我们游览的是日则沟，第一个景点是镜海，看镜海倒影最佳时间是无风的时候，镜海水11米，最深处达24·3米，面积19万平方米，长约925米。镜海一平如镜，故名镜海。镜海揽蓝天、白云、雪山于一海，达到“鱼在云中游，鸟在水中飞”的奇观。这正是镜海一奇，倒影胜实景，另有二奇分别是水带波光和镜海月夜。镜海边还有一棵藤缠树，树给藤无限的爱意，而藤给树无尽的缠绵，所以镜海因藤缠树而得名爱情公园，远方而来的有情人都会在这里留影以示爱情的忠贞。

这里大家还可以看到枯木逢春的奇特景观。

拐到右边，我们看到的码头叫八店街码头，因处八店街当口而得名。当年这儿水运发达，货物的吞吐量是很大的。当地人也叫它是私奔码头，据说卓文君和司马相如月夜私奔时，为了躲开他父亲卓王孙在各个路口设置的关卡，就绕道从我们平乐水路顺流而下逃到成都的，从此演绎了一段千古爱情佳话，感兴趣的朋友一定要仔细看看。

接着往前走就来到了顺河街，这条街因顺河走向而得名。平乐的古街几乎全部沿江而建，整个格局呈鱼骨状，沿白沫江流向相平行的福惠街、长庆街、顺河街等街口节点多为水码头，便于货物的装卸和交易。

前面沿河上，大家可以看到许多建筑临江而建，房屋由柱脚从河里支撑或从岸边支撑起来，这样的建筑叫做吊角楼。平乐古镇建筑大都属于晚清时期建筑，保留了古镇明清建筑的风格。20__年以来，镇政府本着修旧如旧的原则，对部分已经破损不堪的建筑外观进行了简单修缮。平乐建筑风格可概况为：小青瓦，木本色，粉白墙和红砂石。

前面竖立有碑文记载的是渔市拐码头，相传是渔业行帮码头，昔时与别具特色的“木栈道”通连，接鱼市拐、联“台子坝”(古代社会活动中心)，白沫江渔户、成都渔贩聚集交易，极其热闹。不少成都渔商修房设栈，留下了风格独特的渔栈和码头。现存栓船桩眼、栓马铁环、号子灯桩、木栈道架孔、背负重物时上下的小石梯等足以令人遥想当年的繁华。

天王殿我们如今看到是第二进建筑天王殿，天王殿的原建筑于1928年被好友三废弃。这是1982年重修的，殿门外的两大金刚，传为“哼”、“哈”二将，职责是守护佛法。大殿内侧塑的是四大天王，又称四大金刚，它们的职责是视察众生的善恶行为，扶危济困、降福人世。人们凭据四大天王的组合特点，寓意“风调雨顺”。钟楼前这块碑刻为《天子嵩岳少林寺碑》俗称《李世民碑》，它刻立于唐玄宗开元十六年(公元728年)。正面是李世民告谕少林寺上座寺主等人的教文，表扬了少林寺僧助唐平定王世充的战功，右起第五行有李世民亲笔草签的“世民”二字，碑刻“太宗文天子御书”七个大字系唐玄宗李隆基御书。反面刻的是李世民《赐少林寺柏谷庄御书碑记》，记叙了十三棍僧救秦王的故事，也是影片《少林寺》拍摄的历史根据。

《李世民碑》的北边是《小山禅师行实碑》，记叙了少林寺曹洞宗第24代传法禅师的经历和重振少林禅宗的功德。它的反面是《混元三教九流图赞碑》，下面刻有佛、道、儒三教混元图像，此碑反应了嵩山是佛、道、儒三教荟萃之地，表现了三教合流的紧张头脑。再往北我们看到的是清乾隆15年(公元1750年)刻立的《乾隆御碑》。碑文是一首五言诗：明日瞻中岳，今宵宿少林，心依六禅静，寺据万山深，树古风留籁，地灵夕作阴，应教半岩雨，发我夜窗吟。

大雄宝殿西侧与紧那罗殿绝对的是六祖堂。是1982年重建的，殿内正面供奉的是大势至菩萨、文殊菩萨、观音菩萨、普贤菩萨、地藏菩萨，两侧供奉的是禅宗初祖达摩、二祖慧可、三祖僧灿、四祖道信、五祖弘忍、六祖慧能，人称六祖拜观音。六祖堂的西壁是大型彩塑“达摩只履西归图”。藏经阁东西两厢辨别是东禅堂、西客堂，东禅堂是供僧人坐禅的地方，西客堂现为欢迎来宾的场所。

方丈室是少林寺方丈僧(也便是方丈)起居、生存、理事的地方。乾隆十五年玄月二十九日，乾隆游历嵩山时曾在此住宿。方丈室门口东侧的钟为元代铸造，此钟只能在遇到紧急环境下方可击之，起报警作用。达摩亭又称立雪亭。殿内神龛中供奉的是铜质达摩坐像，两侧辨别是二祖慧可、三祖僧灿、四祖道信、五祖弘忍。殿内悬挂的“雪印心珠”四字乃乾隆天子御题。提及达摩亭另有一个动人的故事。据释教经典纪录：达摩离开少林寺后，有一中国高僧神光也追随而来，客气向达摩讨教，被达摩拒绝，神光并不悲观。达摩到石洞面壁坐禅，神光侍立其后，达摩回寺院摒挡佛事，神光也跟回寺院，神光对达摩经心照料，形影不离。对禅师的一举一动，心悦口服，就如许日复一日，年复一年。公元536年冬天的一个夜晚，达摩在达摩亭坐禅入定，神光仍旧侍立在亭外，这时天上下起了大雪，大雪淹没了神光的双膝，神光仍双手合十，一动也不动，第二天早上达摩开定后，见神光站在雪地里，就问他：“你站在雪地里干什么?”神光回答说：“求徒弟教授真法。”达摩说：“要我传法给你，除非天隆红雪。”

各位游客，我们现在来到了商丘古城旅游区。商丘古城位于古睢水之阳。自契建都为始已有四千多年的历史了。由于年代久远，兵祸天灾，古城曾多次被毁，又多次重建，但范围都在南北十里之内。1986年，商丘古城被国务院公布为全国第二批历史文化名城1996年，归德府城墙被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。

古城由砖城、城湖、城廓三部分构成。空中俯视，整座古城内方外圆，形成古代的方孔圆钱，寓天圆地方，天地相生，招财进宝之意。砖城内93条街道形如棋盘，古四合院鳞次栉比，内有大成殿、明伦堂、壮悔堂等名胜古迹。

现存古城为明正德六年(公元1511年)所建，距今已有近500年的历史。城池内方外圆，形似古钱。砖城周长725华里。城门为拱券式，至今保存完好。东门曰宾阳，西门曰垤泽，南门曰拱阳，北门曰拱辰。四门外原有四个瓮城(即在城门外再建一小城，侧面开门，旨在加固城防)瓮城又各有一个扭头城门，北门向西，东门和西门向南，南门向东，所以，商丘古城古有“四门八开”之说。

城内地势呈龟背形，共93条街道,在古代的八卦学说中，9是最大的数字，而3是万物的源泉，所谓一生二，二生三，三生万物，所以，是一个吉利的数字。这条街把全城分割成200米见方的许多小块，格局如同棋盘。建筑多为走马门楼和四合院建筑群。根据五行相克相生的理论，为防金木相克，东西两门相错。东门偏南，西门偏北，错开一条街，出现了与南北轴线分别相交的两个隅首。明嘉靖以后至清初，城内出过两位大学士、宰相、五位尚书以及十几位侍郎、巡抚、御使、总兵、著名文人因此官府、官宅建筑颇多。原有的水井、厕所为梅花形，布局合理。南门两侧建有两个水门，将水排进护城河。

古城宽阔的护城河碧波荡漾，环绕全城。城南河面较宽，南北500多米，东西1300多米，水下叠压着汉朝与唐朝的睢阳故城、宋朝的南京城、元朝的归德府城旧址。

游客们，大家好!欢迎大家来到世界遗产黄山风景名胜区，很高兴为大家做这次的导游!我叫夏泽浩，大家就叫我小夏就能够了。

各位游客们有没有听过：“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳。”这句话呀!听过的在听一次没听过的你这次就听过了。此刻我再问一两个问题，大家有没有听过黄山的奇松怪石呀!今日我就带大家来看看黄山的奇松。

此刻我们来到了黄山松树长的最多的地方。大家注意看，黄山的松树能在岩石缝中生存，它们的生命力多么顽强啊!它们形状众多，姿态各异：有黑虎松、有龙爪松、有连理松、还有迎客松等松树，松树们都是因为它们自我的形状才得名的呢!迎客松是黄山有名的风景之一，它有名的重点就是它异常的外形：它的树干长有7、6米有5个我这么高，它的两大侧枝展向前方，多像一位好客的主人，它粗壮的树枝就像有力的肩臂一样，欢迎着每一位上山的游客。等一会儿我们能够尽情的照相，作为纪念。

黄山的奇观说十年也说不完。此刻请大家尽情的观赏黄山吧!请大家在游玩的时候，不要乱扔垃圾，不要到危险的地方去。祝大家玩的愉快!今日到此结束，下次有缘再见。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到黄山旅游，我是你们的导游__。

出棠樾牌坊群，车行约十多分钟，便抵达中国历史文化名城歙县，古城徽州。歙县位于杭州、千岛湖、黄山、九华山旅游线的中心点，徽杭、屯芜公路在此交会，皖赣铁路穿越而过。这里山明水秀、风光旖丽。境内古民居群布局典雅，园林、长亭、古桥、石坊、古塔到处可见，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。主要景点有：太白楼、新安碑园、许国石坊、斗山街、陶行知纪念馆等。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

许国石坊耸立于徽州城闹市中心，为全国重点文物保护单位，建于明万历十二年(公元1584年)，是朝廷为旌表李保兼太子太保礼部尚书、武英殿大学士许国而立。许国明代嘉靖乙丑(公元1565年)进士，为嘉靖、隆庆、万历三朝的重臣，博行皇上“加恩眷酬”。牌坊四面八柱，呈口字形，石柱、梁坊、栏板、斗拱、雀替均是重四、五吨的大块石料，且全部为质地坚硬的青色茶园石，雕饰镂刻精美细腻，图案错落有致，疏朗多姿。成双结队的彩凤珍禽，翱翔雕梁之间，一个个飞龙走兽，扬威于画壁之中，十二只倚柱石狮，神态各异，体现出徽派石雕独特的表现手法。

现存的南樵楼基本保持宋代的建筑风格，特别是其中的“排栅柱”，乃正宗宋代“营造法”，今已很难见到。东樵楼又名阳和门，原名钟楼，建于明弘治年间，为重檐式的双层楼阁。这两座樵楼咫尺相望。

上海人民广场英文讲解导游词

上海人民广场被誉为“城市绿肺”的人民广场位于市中心，是一个金融行政、文化、交通、商业为一体的园林式广场。下面是小编为大家收集的关于上海人民广场英文讲解导游词，欢迎大家阅读!

上海人民广场英文讲解导游词

Brief：

Peoples Square is the biggest public square in Shanghai. It is an awesome area to visit while in Shanghai and it’s a great place to go and see how the people of Shanghai are.

It is the city’s center of politics, economy, culture and art with a group of magnificent buildings like museum, the exhibition hall, and the grand theater.

The crystal-like theater is especially beautiful at night with lights on.

History:

In concession days, together with People’s Park next door, it was a racecourse.

After liberation in 1949, the northern part of the racecourse was built into today’s People Park and the southern part, into the People’s Square.

Location：

Located in downtown Shanghai, the People Square is the largest public square.

Transportation:

Under the Square is a large central Metro station where the No.1 and 2 metro lines meet.

Within the station itself are two modern marketplaces: one features popular stores from the Hong Kong, and the other is the Dimei underground market.

Fountain

In the center of the square is a 320 sq. meter fountain，named the “Light of the Huangpu River”. It is the first giant music-synchronized "dancing" fountain in the country. Red, blue and yellow sculptures in the fountain portray a beautiful, glowing display, creating a grand sight for those who visit the area.

There are two small squares beside the central square. The east square is called the Rising Sun Square; the west is called the Bright Moon Square.

Transportation:

Under the Square is a large central Metro station where the No.1 and 2 metro lines meet.

Within the station itself are two modern marketplaces: one features popular stores from the Hong Kong, and the other is the Dimei underground market.

Pigeons

Southwest of the square is a beautiful blue and white home for pigeons! Thousands of pigeons fly from their house to the Squares lawn to meet tourists each day. Their coming promotes a feeling of peace and serenity to all that visit the area.

Spots brief:

To the north of the Square stands a grand building, the City Hall (the Municipal Government Building of Shanghai).

The Shanghai Museum is located south of the Square and directly faces the City Hall.

The beautiful Shanghai Grand Theatre is situated in the northwest part of the Square, and is close to the Government Building.

To the northeast of the Square is the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall.

Shanghai Gallery.

Shanghai Museum

Brief:

Shanghai Museum is a must-see for foreign visitors to Shanghai.

Shanghai Museum is especially famous for its treasures of bronzes, ceramics, Chinese calligraphy and traditional paintings.

Location:

The Shanghai Museum is situated in the heart of People’s Square. Opposite to the City Hall and is surrounded by the moon and sun Corridor.

History:

It was built in the 1930s, formerly occupied by Zhong Hui Bank owned by a Shanghai celebrity Yuesheng Du. In 1952, it was converted into a museum. The new museum building was erected in September 1994 and most of the facilities were installed in 1995. It was entirely opened on October 12 in 1996. The five big gilt characters on the lintel were written by Yi Chen, the first mayor of Shanghai after the founding of new China.

With a collection of over 120,000 pieces of cultural relics in 12 categories, including bronze, ceramics (pottery and porcelain ware), calligraphy, paintings, jade and ivory ware, numismatics, furniture, seal carvings, sculptures, arts and crafts and costumes of Chinese minorities, Shanghai Museum is especially famous for its collection of bronzes, ceramics, paintings and calligraphy. And there is also a special gallery of donated relics and three temporary exhibition halls.

With a collection of over 120,000 pieces of cultural relics in 12 categories, including bronze, ceramics (pottery and porcelain ware), calligraphy, paintings, jade and ivory ware, numismatics, furniture, seal carvings, sculptures, arts and crafts and costumes of Chinese minorities, Shanghai Museum is especially famous for its collection of bronzes, ceramics, paintings and calligraphy. And there is also a special gallery of donated relics and three temporary exhibition halls.

Appearance

As you view Shanghai Museum from a distance in People’s Square, you will find that the building itself is a work of art, featuring multiple orientations, multi-visual angles and many distinctive characteristics. The elegant construction perfectly combines traditional cultural themes with modern technological innovation. The building uses a round top section to symbolize heaven and a square base representing the earth, implying the Chinese traditional expression of “a round heaven and a square earth”. It is 24 meters high with sever floors, two are underground and five above, covering a total area of 38,000 sqm.

Shanghai Museum has installed advanced security and fire alarm systems, educational services, a computerized library and an automation system. Besides this, Shanghai Museum has facilities for multimedia guide, an information center, a High Definition Graphics system, an audio tour, the lecture room equipped with a system of spontaneous interpretation. You can check out a device that allows you to hear a description of an item after punching in the item number. The audio tour is available in eight languages. The library in the museum has 200,000 volumes of books in collection.

Shanghai Museum has installed advanced security and fire alarm systems, educational services, a computerized library and an automation system. Besides this, Shanghai Museum has facilities for multimedia guide, an information center, a High Definition Graphics system, an audio tour, the lecture room equipped with a system of spontaneous interpretation. You can check out a device that allows you to hear a description of an item after punching in the item number. The audio tour is available in eight languages. The library in the museum has 200,000 volumes of books in collection.

Shanghai Grand Theatre

Location:

Shanghai Grand Theatre is located to the west of the City Hall in the People’s Square, the citys heart. The Shanghai Grand Theatre occupies an area of 2.1 hectares, facing the Peoples Boulevard in the south. With its unique style and beautiful outlook, the theatre has become a representative building in Shanghai.

History and brief intro:

It is opened to the public on August 27, 1998.The Shanghai Grand Theatre has successfully staged such shows and evenings as operas, musicals, ballets, symphonies, chamber music concerts, spoken drama and the Chinese operas. It has a high reputation both at home and abroad as many high officials and VIPs, both domestic and international, gave the highest praises of the theatre for its perfect combination of art and architecture.

Appearance:

With a total construction area of 62,803 square meters and a total height of 41 meters, the Shanghai Grand Theatre has 10 storeys, 2 for underground, 6 for above ground and 2 top floors. The new style architecture combines the Eastern and Western flavor together. The theatre represents a fine integration of new technology, new craft and new material. It looks like a crystal palace in the light at night.

The lobby of Shanghai Grand Theatre is approximate 2019 square meters with the white as its main tone, which signifies elegant and pure. The floor is made of a rare marble called "Greece Crystal White".

Function:

The Shanghai Grand Theatre has three theatres, a 1,800 seats main theatre for ballet, opera and symphony performances, this lyric theatre is divided into the auditorium, the 2nd-floor, the 3rd-floor and six balconies. The drama theatre has 750 seats and the studio theatre has 300 seats.

In addition to performances, the Shanghai Grand Theatre has a restaurant for tourists with an area of 1,600 square meters and a shopping center for audio-video products with an area of 2,500 square meters. Also there are VIP lounge, which is for government officials to meet world-famous artists and performing groups.

Now it has become an important window of cultural exchange between China and the world and a bridge of artistic ommunication.

Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall

Location:

It is located in the east of the City Hall.

Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall has a total floor space of 19 thousand square meters. It fully displays the achievements of Shanghai in city planning and construction and embodies the theme of “city, man, environment, and development”. The Exhibition Hall adopts modern exhibition technology and uses high-tech to achieve an integration of professionalism, knowledge, interest, and art, giving stress to the exhibition of the future of the city. Citizens and tourists can see the changes of the leased territory, the vicissitudes of the Bund, the achievements of Shanghai in urban planning and construction ever since the reform and opening-up of the country, in particular, since the 1990s, and the rapid changes of the Pudong New Area. Above all, they can see the bright future of Shanghai there. The main model of urban planning, which is in the proportion of 1:2019, exhibits the urban geography and scenery in an extent of a hundred and more square meters within the inner elevated ring road. It is the world’s biggest model of urban planning.

This amazing building contains an incredibly accurate model of the city in a couple of decades, complete with every tiny little detail and every single building! The model is huge and incredible. There is also a super-cool rotating statue of Shanghais modern buildings in the lobby.

在场的各位朋友大家好,今天由我来带领大家去参观的法门寺。法门寺主要位于扶风县城北10公里的法门镇，西距西安市120公里，东距宝鸡市96公里。法门寺自古就因为安置有释加牟尼佛的指骨舍利而著名于世，所以被华夏王朝拥戴，而成为我国早的四大佛教圣地。

法门寺早始建于东汉，寺因塔建。法门寺塔，有名“真身宝塔”，因藏有释加牟尼的手指骨一节而得名。公元前485年，释加牟尼灭度，印度摩揭陀国孔雀王朝阿育王，皈依佛教，为了使佛光远大，将佛祖骨分成八万四千件，分藏于世界各地，并建成八万四千座塔。我国有19座，佛祖舍利塔，法门寺塔就是其中之一。因此，法门寺塔和法门寺有“关中塔庙之祖”的称誉。我们现在可以看到我们刚进来的山门，又叫做“三门”，左右两边的分别为无相门和无作们，中间为空门，我们一般把出家称为步入空门，大概就由此而来。

现在我们站的这里的就是法门寺一的古建筑铜佛殿，大殿里供养的是释加牟尼的法身佛毗卢遮那佛，在大殿两边还有十八罗汉像，所以铜佛殿也叫罗汉殿。现在我们来到的就是法门寺真身宝塔，但是我们看到的是1987年重修而成的，法门寺自古因安置于释加牟尼佛的指骨舍利而著称于世，也是因舍利建塔，因塔成寺，佛殿中记载，公元前485年，释加牟尼灭度，印度摩揭陀国孔雀王朝阿育王，皈依佛教，为了使佛光远大，将佛祖骨分成八万四千件，分藏于世界各地，并建成八万四千座塔。我国有19座，佛祖舍利塔，法门寺塔是其中的第五处。所以初的法门寺叫阿育王寺，法门寺塔叫阿育王塔。

法门寺早始建于东汉，寺因塔建。到了唐代时唐太宗在这里重修了一座四级木塔供养佛指舍利，唐代所建的木塔在明代隆庆年间时崩毁，在明代万历年间，由法门寺僧人化缘重修了一座8棱13层的砖塔，可是在1981年是塌掉了一半，85年的时候，当地政府为了重修这座塔的时候，便人工拆除塌了一半的半边残塔，87年在清理塔基准备重建时意外发现了地宫，出土了四枚释加牟尼佛指舍利和2499件唐代的皇室瑰宝。法门寺一夜之间成为全世界瞩目的焦点，下面就请大家到地宫拜一下佛指舍利。

现在法门寺地宫总长21.2米，面积31.84平方米，是迄今国内发现规模的寺塔地宫。地宫所发现的4枚佛骨，令人瞩目。枚舍利藏在后室的八重宝函内，长40.3毫米，上下俱通，竖置在进塔基银柱上，第2枚藏在中室汉白玉双檐灵帐之中，形状与第1枚相似。

第3枚藏在后室秘龛五重宝函的白玉棺内，管状，长37毫米，白中泛黄。第四枚舍利藏在前室彩塔绘菩萨阿育王塔内，色泽形状与第1、2枚相似。经国家佛教协会会长赵朴初和副会长周绍良先生坚定，其中第三枚是灵骨，即佛祖的真身指骨，其余三枚为影骨，是唐皇帝为保护真骨而命人仿制的。但在佛教徒的眼中，影骨也是圣骨，与有同等的意义。

我们在参观完法门寺地宫之后，就来到了法门寺的大雄宝殿，大雄是对释加牟尼的尊称。它是1994年开光的，里面供奉的是佛教密宗教派的五方佛，分别代表五个方位东西南北，分别是不空成就，阿弥陀，八日如来，宝生佛，阿处佛，旁边的是二十组天，代表天上的二十四天神。下面我们就来到了大唐珍宝陈列，其中有44件国宝级文物，99件一级文物，它是陕西88个博物馆中国宝级文物比例的一个博物馆，首先我们看到的是一通碑，它是物帐碑，它将地宫中的珍宝是谁送的，叫什么名字，尺寸大小呀什么的，作了详细地记载，是一件国宝级的文物。

除此之外，在唐代的丝织品也是相当珍贵的。但由于丝绸不易保存，很多都风化了，其中保存完整的是簇金绣，簇就是收缩的意思。就是用金丝盘结成花朵的纹式再固定到丝绸的上面，就把这种织物称为簇金绣。簇金绣的珍贵之处呢，就是它保护的完好如心，第二就是它的做工了，我们看，它的质地是罗，上面的花纹全都是金丝绣的，但是，这种金丝可不是一般的金丝，它呢首先用纯金丝在胎线的上面一圈一圈的缠绕上去，如果说中间的胎线为一米，那么金丝要缠3000转。

我们看到织物就是用这种复合线来织花纹的，曾经做过一个测量，没想到是这种簇金绣上所用的金丝细直径只有6四，6丝就是0.06毫米，比头发丝还细。在现在世界上制作的这种金丝只有20丝在日本，中国只有70丝，没有想到在唐代据文物显示当时的拉丝技术已经相当的高，已达到了6丝。(在唐代织金锦工艺精湛令人吃惊。织锦所用的金丝，细直径仅为0.1毫米，比头发还细。以丝线为芯，以金线一圈圈缠绕，一米长的金丝要绕3000多圈，武则天供奉的绣裙就是这种织品制成的。)

在这此东西里，珍贵的文物是这件鎏金双拢12环的锡杖，名为锡，其实它并不是锡做的，而是摇这个锡杖环的时候会发出淅淅的响声，是以声来命名的。锡杖的级别也是有区别的，我们现在所看到的属于世界锡杖之王，规格的锡杖，这枚锡杖全长为1.96米，重2390克，用了2两金子和58两银子制成的，然而，代表锡杖级别高低的属于杖首轮和鼓的多少，大家可以看见桃子形状的叫鼓，这个锡杖总共有四个鼓，每个鼓上套了3个环，4鼓12环，4鼓12环所代表的就是佛教别的法力——四谛12因缘，所以它的法力是的。而这种级别的锡杖也只能是佛教的创始人释加牟尼才有资格持的，所以它是世界锡杖之王。

队此之外，我们还可以看到一些供奉佛指舍利的器具，珍贵的是这件鎏金捧真身菩萨。菩萨身上挂满了珍珠，手上有一个荷叶造型的托盘，盘子上有一块纯金的金匾，金匾上有文字，经考证是一位叫诚一的和尚给唐懿宗李崔送的39岁生日礼物。说它珍贵是因为这位菩萨还完成一桩重要的历史使命，唐懿宗李崔当时为了迎请法门寺的舍利，曾经说：“生得见舍利，死而无憾”。所以，舍利迎到长安之后，在兴跪拜之礼的时候就是安置在菩萨手中所捧的荷叶盘之上，所以这尊菩萨也叫捧真身菩萨。

法门寺讲到这里呢，也就接近尾声了，希望我今天的讲解能给大家留下永恒的回忆!

站在桥的中央，我们就可以一览古镇的全貌了，是否有一种豁然开朗的感觉?平乐古镇乐善桥是目前川西最长、保存最完好的清代古石桥了。您看看桥下铺有一层红砂石的基础，它们互相用“燕尾石”紧紧地嵌合在一起，让桥变得格外坚固;桥墩呈尖锥形，这样的设计极富智慧，洪水涌来，它们就像利刃一样将洪流分开，大大减轻了洪水对桥身的冲击力。这样的设计让乐善桥经历了百年的洪水、地震等自然灾害而毫发无伤，让我们不得不佩服古代工匠的聪明才智和高超的筑桥技艺，保留完整的乐善桥也将作平乐永恒的历史文化精华，载入史册。

看完乐善桥，走过寨子门，我们就到了八店街，为什么叫八店街呢?因为当年建这条街时，一共只有八家店铺开张，街道很短，所以就称八店街了，这里最出名的就是这第一家传统打铁铺。中华文明，源远流长。从铁器时代起就有此种手工铁匠铺。此铺已近百年，师傅姓王，家传三代。它保持了原始的打铁风貌：操作时用大小不同熟铁块，先在炉火中煅火，用手拉动风箱，待熟铁烧红，由两人用不同重量大锤轮番敲打，经过成型、淬火、打磨，即成锄、刀、钯、钉、厨具等各种用具。

看完八店街就到了糠市街。中华为农耕古国，养猪业已有数千年，传统养猪主食以米糠喂之，平乐古镇建镇即在这里形成糠市，足见农耕养殖之繁富。此街为木板铺面，全部为明清风格建筑，保存完好，是平乐古镇保存最完好的13条古街之一。