傲慢与偏见英文介绍简短【优秀20篇】

The classmate of everyone, everyone. My name is , the meaning of my name is (can not). Im years old, graduated from school. I am a man of , I like , I have many hobbies, such as: /, one of my favorite is . My ideal is to was admitted to university. As the saying goes: as if by predestination, opposite for strangers. So I think can study with everybody together is a kind of fate. Hope in the later days we help each other make progress together, to the next level. Thank you!

各位领导、同事：

你们好!

我叫__，在来到公司之前已经在社会工作了两年的时间。两年不长，但是也让我脱离了刚从校门的青涩与迷茫，使我对社会工作有了一定的了解与适应，同时也在原来的工作中逐渐丧失着年轻应拥有的热情与积极。原本还想从事老本行的我，决定换一个工作去学习，因为我觉得作为年轻人要肯挑战自己，敢于从事不同的行业。于是我来到了黄山高尔夫国际商务推广有限公司，为成为一名客服专员而来。

虽然我对这个行业还比较陌生，但是我坚信天道酬勤，勤能补拙，只要在以后的工作中勤奋认真、不懈努力，我一定会适应并掌握此项工作，成为一名合格的客服专员，同黄山高尔夫球会一道发展，一起成长。

谢谢!

高三月考总结与学习经验介绍

总结：

这次月考，我的总分较前两次有了一些进步，但有几科成绩不是很理想。就那物理来说，太难的没推出来，稍简单的又给推错了，就连填空第一题算出正切角等于3/4，竟忘了是53度。化学上也有许多类似的问题，这些考试最不该犯的错误又犯了不少。我认为这次我就输在张轩所说的心态上了，对于那可压力越大，成绩就越不理想，而语文英语这两科，考试时不太在意，成绩也还可以。所以，我也要从心态上开始改变，把平时当做考试，把考试当做平时，只有这样，才能发挥出应有的水平。

经验介绍：

对于学习经验，我也不说每课应该用什么方法，因为单科第一肯定比我的方法要好，我想说的是我们要时刻知道自己为什么学习，阶段性总结怎样学习。

首先是为什么学习，这个问题有些同学会觉得很小儿科，我们心里肯定也有自己的答案。记得教过咱们几次课的、让咱们依依不舍的英语老师第一节课上就问道我们为什么学习。“为学校争光？”“不是”“为班级争光？”“不是”“为父母争光？”还“不是”“为自己争光？”我们异口同声地说“是”。先不谈我们自私与否的问题（否则我又会被批判为假大空），就算只为自己学习，如果我们时刻有这个念头，还会有因为懒惰而不写作业的现象吗？还会有自习课上，不知道自己该干什么，交头接耳的现象吗？还会有因多上几节课而抱怨的情况吗？我想，肯定不会。所以，时常问自己为什么学习，一定会对我们学习上和思想上都有所帮助。

第二，就是怎样学习，上届高三学长们也给我们介绍了经验，我们只要按他们所得去做，一定会有所成效。还是那句老话，向更优秀的同学学习会更优秀。我们平时也都树立目标和榜样，我个人认为还应该树立“对手”，因为即使都向年纪第一看齐，那么第一只有一个，我们谁都没当过，所以每次也我所谓。但如果我们平时树立一个“对手”，在竞争过程中，我们会很快的发现对方的优点并学习、赶超，阶段性的总结并换一换对手，这样我们一定会有所进步。

我坚信，时刻想着为什么学习和阶段性的总结怎样学习，我们的成绩、我们班的成绩一定会更好。

Hello, everyone I am so glad to be here, today I will say something about myself, I like sports very much, I am good at swimming. I also like ride a bike. I think the most important thing for me is to have a good relationship with my family members and my friends. My family has always been very close my friends and I spend a lot of time together. Without them I would not be as happy as I am. I am interested in different things, new opportunities and new challenges.

1、The cloud stood humbly in a corner of the sky, The morning crowned itwith splendour.

白云谦卑地站在天边，晨光给它披上壮丽的光彩。

2、The dust receives insult and in return offers her flowers.

尘土承受屈辱，却以鲜花来回报。

3、God is ashamed when the prosperous boasts of his special favour.

当富贵利达的人夸说他得到上帝的恩惠时，上帝却羞了。

4、 Not hammer-strokes, but dance of the water sings the pebbles intoperfection.

不是鎚的敲打，乃是水的载歌载舞，使鹅卵石臻於完美。

5、Gods great power is in the gentle breeze, not in the storm.

上帝的大能在柔和的微风中，不在狂风暴雨中。

6、By plucking her petals you do not gather the beauty of the flower.

采撷花瓣得不著花的美丽。

7、The great walks with the small without fear. The middling keepsaloof.

大的不怕与小的同游，居中的却远避之。

8、" The learned say that your lights will one day be no more." said thefirefly to the stars.The stars made no answer.

萤火虫对群星说：「学者说你的光有一天会熄灭。」群星不回答它。

9、The pet dog suspects the universe for scheming to take its place.

小狗怀疑大宇宙阴谋篡夺它的位置。

10、God loves mans lamp-lights better than his own great stars.

上帝喜爱人间的灯光甚於他自己的大星。

Good morning Sir, （What will you say if it is a woman?）

I am glad to be here for this interview. First, let me thank you for finding time in the midst of pressing affairs.

I am 25 years old and I am local. （I live locally sounds better） I am seeking an opportunity to work with as Sales. （IN sales or As a Sales representative/whatever）。My professional experience and my awareness of your unparalleled reputation have led me to want to work for your company.

I have a bachelor degree with a major in Mechanical and Electrical field.（pause） Graduated from the university in 20xx. Over the past three years, I have worked with Co.,Ltd as Sales （again, in sales or as a sales man/person/rep?） who responsible （with responsibility mainly） for the market of Hunan. During this period, I have learnt much. I learned the values of teamwork and commitment, how to win, how to work hard, how to concentrate and focus on goals, and how to balance my time and priorities. Additional experience in other fields such as graduation practice in factory and commercial negotiation also reinforces my value to your company.

I enjoy thinking, enjoy learning, enjoy working, （and I am ）able to bear work pressure.

In my free time, I often participate （in） activities such as table tennis （and） badminton.

I am expecting to become your colleague on some day. （More tactful to say ’I would love to become you colleague/join the company）

Because being offhand in advance, let’s leave it at that. （This sentence makes no sense. ’Being offhand’ means to be rude, inconsiderate, ill-mannered so I don’t think that is whay you mean! In advance of what? ’Let’s leave it at that’ is a command, it sounds rather abrupt and ill-mannered to me, again I don’t think this is what you meant. How about ’I would love to join your company and you would not regret giving me this opportunity.’ and just finish with a smile!）

Thanks.

Time flies, time flies. Blink of an eye to work has been more than a year, looking back over the past year, can not help but thousands of heart. Under the leadership of the leadership of the leadership, as well as colleagues and the common struggle, and through their own positive efforts, I successfully do their work, which can be considered experienced an extraordinary test and tempered. I am very grateful to the company to give me this growth platform, I work in continuous learning, continuous progress, and slowly upgrade their quality and talent. The following is a summary of my work this year:

First, the work attitude, ideological work. I am keen on my work, strict self-discipline, abide by the factory rules and regulations, strict demands on themselves, straighten the workplace, always maintain a "modest, prudent, self-discipline" attitude. Work under the leadership of care and colleagues to help, always diligent study, positive Enterprising, and strive to improve themselves, and always work hard, conscientiously complete the task, perform good job duties, uphold the ideals, firm conviction, and constantly strengthen their learning, solid work their own technology!

Second, equipment operation, work comprehend. Every good employee should have a clear understanding of their work, familiarity and proficiency in their own work.The process is simple, the operation also requires rigorous and meticulous, which requires me to be familiar with the equipment and operation of the process and understanding, but also a strong theoretical knowledge. Not only have to understand the operation of the machine, but also have the ability to respond to failure to complete the leadership given to the task. But because of their limited capacity, can not be a trace is not bad, so their work in the process there are many shortcomings and shortcomings of the machine principle and work skills are also a little lacking, but these will make me work harder, modest and prudent To learn from others, as much as possible to improve their ability to work in their own positions to play to the greatest effect, faster and more efficient to complete their own work, and other colleagues of interpersonal relationships is also important because a personsAbility is limited, the success of everything depends on the collective wisdom, and colleagues together is the successful completion of leadership to the work of the premise of the task, which is not only work, the usual life is also the case, Therefore, the unity of other colleagues is not only a personal thing is a duty to work!

Third, review the past, look to the future. For the past gains and losses, I will absorb the favorable factors to strengthen their ability to work, the negative factors in their work after the exclusion, a year of work so that I become a qualified staff on the road ahead, I believe that through my efforts and colleagues , And the leadership of the guidance, I will become a good staff, give full play to my personal ability. Also thank the leadership to give me this a suitable position, so I can make their own contribution to the company. I believe that in the future, I will continue to work hard, I believe that as long as I in the post one day, I will make my best efforts, all their energy And the ability to use at work, I believe he will be able to do a good job!

Good morning !

It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview, I hope I can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed.

Now I will introduce myself briefly.I am 26 years old,born in shandong province . (General Introduction)

I was graduated from Qingdao university. my major is electronic.and I got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20xx. During university, I spent most of my time on study so that I have passed CET4/6 . and acquired basic knowledge of my major.(Education background)

In July 20xx, I began work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao.Because Im capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job. And in August 20xx,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as an automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. Moreover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position. (Research experience and academic activity)

I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.

That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.

able to work under high pressure and time limitation.能够在高压力下和时间限制下进行工作。

be elegant and with nice personality.举止优雅、个人性格好。

with good managerial skills and organizational capabilities.有良好的治理艺术和组织能力。

the main qualities required are preparedness to work hard, ability to

learn, ambition and good health.主要必备素质是吃苦耐劳精神好、学习能力优、事业心强和身体棒。

mature，self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills.思想成熟、上进心强，并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。

energetic，fashion-minded person.精力旺盛、思想新潮。

with a pleasant mature attitude.开朗成熟。 strong determination to succeed.有获得成功的坚定决心。 strong leadership skills.有极强的领导艺术。 ability to work well with others.能够同他人一道很好地工作。 highly-motivated and reliable person with excellent health and pleasant

personality.上进心强又可靠者，并且身体健康、性格开朗。 the ability to initiate and operate independently.有创业能力，并能独立地从业。

strong leadership skill while possessing a great team spirit.有很高的领导艺术和很

强的集体精神。

be highly organized and effecient.工作很有条理，办事效率高。

willing to learn and progress.肯学习进取。

good presentation skills.有良好的表达能力。

positive active mind essential.有积极、灵活的头脑。

ability to deal with personnel at all levels effectively.善于同各种人员打交道。

have positive work attitude and be willing and able to work diligently without supervision.有积极的工作态度，愿意和能够在没有监督的情况下勤奋地工作。

young，bright，energetic with strong career-ambition.年轻、聪明、精力充沛，并有很强的事业心。

having good and extensive social connections.具有良好而广泛的社会关系。

being active, creative and innonative is a plus.思想活跃、有首创和革新精神尤佳。

with good analytical capability.有较强的分析能力。

“窗前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。”每当吟诵起李白的这首诗，我便想起去年中秋节的情景。

那天晚上，月亮格外明亮，星星们害羞地躲了起来，只有几颗勇敢的大星星调皮地眨着眼睛。月亮上的嫦娥姐姐看着我，好像在说：“小弟弟，你们多幸福呀，我可孤单啦。欢迎你能来月宫做客，我做 南瓜饼给你吃……”

嫦娥姐姐是那样孤单，可是我家乡的人们都在欢天喜地地庆祝中秋节呢。

奶奶搬出了一张小圆桌，桌子上摆的东西都是我爱吃的。你看，有红彤彤的大苹果，黄澄澄的香蕉，紫得发亮的葡萄，圆圆的月饼……

我最爱吃月饼了，刚要伸手去拿，爷爷笑眯眯地对我说：“别急，等敬完了月亮再吃。”为什么要敬月亮呢?姑姑告诉我这是为了祝福家家户户都能团团圆圆，爸爸讲起了嫦娥奔月的故事，小表妹在一 旁开心地跳起了拉丁舞。

月亮越升越高，鞭炮声响个不停，夜空中的烟花是那么灿烂美丽，像小朋友的笑脸一样。我们一家人坐在电视机前一边看着中秋联欢晚会，一边吃着美味的月饼。

这样的中秋节真令人难忘啊!

serious study hard, earned good grades, among the best. In school, College scholarship for three consecutive years.

He served as Student Union cadres Liaison Department of the Deputy Minister of Youth League Organization Department, and other members of the class of life, and in the process of student work out with the business of sponsorship, greatly improve their work and their capabilities. In addition, actively participate in extra-curricular sports activities, a variety of social practice and part-time work, in order to increase their experience and improve their capabilities. Experience in the way things work, exercise eloquence and interpersonal skills. Had two consecutive Academy "summer social practice activists", "outstanding student-General" and the honorary title.

In normal school life, I have done a lot of part-time. For example: tutoring, telephone interviewers, restaurant waiters, leaflets, questionnaires, also played summer jobs to the plant, to experience a different way of doing things and the various operational procedures work, exercise has become a hard-working spirit, and from work to appreciate the joy and dedication.

A four-year college career, my organizational skills, management skills, adaptability and so greatly improved, so I have a good psychological quality, let me have a greater advantage in the competition, let me go more in life cause high farther. He won the "excellent students" and "outstanding graduates" of the title

Over the past year, I am under the leadership of the Party Group of the branch, according to the partys leading cadres of the standard strict demands on themselves, firm political belief, strengthen political theoretical knowledge, work ethic change, improve their work style, adhere to self-discipline, and consciously abide by the law and fulfill responsibilities, take practical action to practice the "scientific concept of development," mainly in the following aspects:

A: In-depth knowledge of learning theory. Systematic study of knowledge of dialectical and historical materialism, diyifanwen.com raise awareness, analyze and solve problems of basic skills; conscientiously study the partys theory, ideals and faith, to strengthen the sense of purpose, correct attitude, inspire motivation.

Two: a comprehensive study business knowledge. Solid learning their business knowledge, Look beyond the surface, to grasp the inherent law work, consciously according to the laws. Extensive study the partys principles and policies and state laws and regulations, the implementation of policies and a good example of when the law enforcement and discipline. Strive to learn modern scientific and technological knowledge, keep up the pace of progress. Learning the combination, and constantly enhance the ability to serve the people.

Three: learn the rules and regulations often. Various rules and regulations, and party and government regulations often knowledge learning unit, and constantly enhance the sense of discipline and sense of responsibility, and consciously do alarm bells ringing, do strictly disciplined.

Four: regularly carry out self-criticism. Periodically for their own learning, work and thoughts summarize, the main is to find problems and shortcomings, and checking correct side, without remorse from a wide, strict demands on themselves, no longer "Never again", so that a preventive measure.

Five: learn from the advanced model. She knows nothing, doubts nothing. More and better quality, high consciousness, work style, have the knowledge, ability, level of comrades together, fully aware of their advantages and strengths, advanced control shortcomings, an open mind to learn from them, take people long to make up our own short.

Overall, the past year I have played a leading management and organizational skills, and fully mobilize the staff enthusiasm for work, well done and in charge of co-management tasks throughout the year the stock room.

提出修改建议

My dear friend,

Hope you a fine day.

This is Eva from ICOOKWARE supplying all kinds of cookware, including aluminum cookware, carbon steel cookware,bakeware and so on.

If you happen in Canton, you are welcomed to visit our Booth at 3.1G03 during 23rd,Oct to 27th,Oct.

In case you cannot find us. Pls call 86-1377750. We will take care of you.

Looking forward to your visit.

Thank you.

Eva

education background

in 1995, i entered the nanjing university of science & technology (nust) -- widely considered one of the china’s best engineering schools. during the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. i was granted first class prize every semester, and my overall gpa(89.5/100) ranked no.1 among 113 students. in 1999, i got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. i selected the shanghai jiao tong university to continue my study for its best reputation on combinatorial optimization and network scheduling where my research interest lies.

at the period of my graduate study, my overall gpa(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. in the second semester, i became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. this year, i won the acer scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. presently, i am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of excellent graduation thesis.

Respected leader:

Hello!

I am a student of accounting professional accounting department of college, graduating. Take this career, I with a sincere heart and to the cause of the persistent pursuit, sincerely recommend myself.

In three years, in the strict lessons and personal friends, I have a solid foundation of professional knowledge, a systematic grasp of the basic theory of knowledge, financial, cost, tax accounting and economic law and other relevant disciplines, grasps the accounting computerization; have good English listening, say reading, writing, and translating ability, in and through the university English four levels of tests; proficient in computer office software, to Shanghai City computer level. At the same time, I use their spare time to participate in the examination of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics since the accounting profession, not only to enrich themselves, they develop their skills in many aspects. It is more important , the rigorous study and correct learning attitudes shaped me simple, stable, innovative character.

In addition, I also actively participate in various social activities, to participate in tax competition, and has a good performance; I also use the summer with plenty of time to experience life as a data input, to the accounting firm to apprentice; also with classmates made independent social practice project, has been recognized by the school I seize every opportunity to exercise their own. The University for three years, I deeply feel, and outstanding students to work to benefit me in the competition; to challenge the practical difficulties, let me grow up in frustration. Grandparents taught me hard work, responsibility, kindness, integrity; Institute trained me to be realistic, pioneering and enterprising style.

I firmly believe that diligence is the real connotation. As long as the hard work, I believe I can quickly adapt to the working environment, familiar with the business, and in the actual work of learning, and constantly improve themselves and do their work.

I love the business of your company, sincerely look forward to your leadership, the building blocks for this glorious cause; and continuous learning, progress in practice.

employment certification

this is to certify that ( id card no.: ) is a chinese employee dispatched by our company to , holding the job as guangzhou operational employee (non-manager) with monthly salary of rmb before tax. it has been approved by that she will travel in france during april 29th to may 10th . li keer will afford all the costs in france and schengen area on her own.

certify hereby.

mar. 9th,

good morning, glad to be here for this interview.

let me introduce myself first. my name is lishuai, and my english name is mono chen. ive finished my undergraduate education in zhongshan university, majoring in electronic science and technology.

i am an open-minded and smart boy/girl with broad interests, like playing basketball, reading, especially in engineering such as software programming, website designing as well as hardware designing. i designed two websites in the past four years: one is the website of our school, and the other one is the website of the doctor forum china 20xx. furthermore, i am interested in c plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. my supervisor says i did an excellent job in the graduate project last july about image process. in addition, i have also finished some projects about embedded system by using mcu when i was a junior.

broad interest does not make me perfect in each specific area due to the insufficient knowledge and practice, so i think further study is definitely important for me to realize self-value.

the major i expected is ic design. i found that integrated circuits plays a more and more important role in modern society. for example, with the recognition by the government, the domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a great amount of chances for us.

i plan to focus my research in this field in the graduate time. and i hope i can have a systematic view of micro electronics and ic design technology and making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.

ok, thank you very much

I am cheerful, good communication, humble and confident. While the new work environment and different from the past, but I believe that through their own efforts and the existing basis for the work can quickly be competent, and I am confident!

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

My Chinese name is Peng Wanjun and English name is Alice. Im a girl in my 12 years old. I like singing and acting. Besides, I like doing sports. Table tennis is my favorite sport. I have a brother and a sister. They are middle school students. I study in Xing Gong Primary School. Im in Class Two Grade Four. I have three best friends. They are Huang Yue, Xia Yu and Wang Tongtong. We have many things in common. Do you like me?

我的中文名字叫彭万军，英文名字是爱丽丝。我是一个12岁的女孩。我喜欢唱歌和表演。另外，我喜欢运动。乒乓球是我最喜欢的运动。我有弟弟和姊姊。他们是中学生。我在兴工小学学习。我在四年级二班。我有三个最好的朋友。他们是黄阅，夏雨和王彤彤。我们有很多共同之处。你喜欢我吗?