长沙简短导游词优秀19篇

白沙古井位于长沙市城南白沙街，在贺龙体育文化中心的西侧，天心阁的东南面，白沙古井自古以来被称之为江南名泉，是古城长沙的重要标识之一，享有“长沙第一泉”的美誉。

古井现有泉眼四口，泉水从井底汩汩涌出，清澈透明，甘甜可口，四季不断。靠山坳的一面横立着一块大石头，上面刻着“白沙泉水”四个大字，高处围有石栏，两边有麻石做的石级，井口都是花岗石砌成的，长约67厘米，宽约33厘米，深约70厘米。井口东侧竖立着一块“白沙古井”的石碑。白沙古井的北侧有一个名为“白沙源”的茶室，南侧建有回廊和凉亭，周边全部植着绿化带，空气非常的清新。白沙古井每天都要迎接很多的男女老少，他们带着大桶.小桶.大瓶.小瓶蹲在井口一瓢瓢的舀水，灌进带来的容器里，然后满载而归。

看一看!白沙井的泉水是那样清，清得能看见人的影子，没有一丝杂质!瞧一瞧!白沙井的泉水是那样绿，绿的像是被周围的绿树.绿草染过似的!尝一尝!白沙井的泉水是那样甜，甜的清爽，甜的清凉，甜的沁人心脾!白沙泉水清澈甘甜，孕育了一代代的长沙人，我们要保护好白沙古井，让它永久的保存下去。

阳春三月，难得一个好天气，也难得一个好心情，恰逢。3。8节，放了一天的假期.我一早起来，都快10点，我坐上一辆破车，颠簸了一段，来到五一大道，往前走就是湘江大桥了。我知道那里就是橘子洲。

橘洲，橘子之洲，位于湖南省长沙市岳麓区境内，是湘江的一 个江心小岛，长约五公里，形成于晋惠帝永兴二年(公元三○五年)，距今已有一千六百多年的历史。远在唐代，这里就盛产南橘，远销江汉等地...(截取资料--名字由来)我和胖子同事，在桥前一站下了车，慢慢走上了湘江大桥，远远就看到天空飞舞着五颜六色的风筝，桥的一边就是岳麓山，这里水天一色，青山翠屏，我就只喜欢长沙这个地方。站在桥上，远远就看到江中的橘子洲，已经是一条绿绿的长廊。橘子洲正好在江中，把湘江在中间隔了一条绿,湘江大桥，正在洲子上跨过去，洲头是湘江三桥，洲尾有湘江2桥。水从三桥方向流过来。今天水特别清，尽管现在水位不是很高，但是江上不少来往的船，奇怪的是鱼船就没什么了。听说洲子这里住的主要是江上的打鱼人，到了汛期洲子就沫掉大部分，渔人都要撤离洲子，现在洲子听说要改建了。所以洲上住的人也不多了。

3月的阳光照在身上暖洋洋的，风从南方带来我家乡的气息，我伸了个懒腰，登上桥的最到处。桥面不宽--两车道，两边只有容下一辆3轮车通过的小道。我从桥上的楼梯往下走，梯子是登上洲子的其中一条路，对面还有一个车道可以上洲。我站在桥顶上迎面就是2桥，也就是望着洲尾的方向，风也是从那边吹过来的，我的左边就是岳麓山，这里比较开阔可以看的很远，我往下看洲子上种了些橘子书，江边的柳树都吐出了新芽，嫩嫩的，鲜绿鲜绿的那么的可爱，因为有几枝柳条随风飘到梯子上，我看的特别清晰。就喜欢这样开春的绿。江水很低，两岸上有20十多米的滩子都长上了绿草显得洲子精神多了。草地上好多在放风筝的人，可以看出来大多是学生。梯子上看洲子上正拆迁，其不堪就不值一提，让人失望。

我赶紧下了桥，可怜的胖子，出了一身的汗。我建议来到草地上走，洲子的左边只有一条车道贯通洲首尾。我们援着江滩往前走了一段，也许是个好天气，这里的人好象也突然活跃起来了，有在草地上打牌休闲，有拿着风筝到处傻奔的人，有在江边耍水的。让我看了也想上前把风筝夺下来傻奔一会。由于遇上泥滩不能往前走，于是回到小马路，是延江修的，边上中了法国梧桐，还有写水杉，偶尔看到些不认识的花草，都发了芽，开了花，绿油油的。路的另一边是民房，其中中了很多橘子树，看起来象是居民院子里的。而且还有小菜畦，这里中的菠菜，还有这里的菜薹。路上不停的有机动三轮车叫载。说：“洲头还有4公里，好远呢。”可是我还是决定把它走完。走了好远，有来个车说，“还有4公里，坐我的车吧。”我笑了笑说，怎么这四公里没完啊。哈哈!

走了大半个钟头，一路看一路说，终于来到“橘子洲公园”。6大元门票，胖子大叫冤。我们进了公园，公园似乎不大，一眼就要看通了。让我奇怪的是，一路上都种满茶花，雪白的、红的、粉的。特别是白的茶花，白在象雪，在绿叶中似乎泛着荧光，好看积了。柳条就在你身边飘摆摇曳，往前走不到5分钟，就到了。一个大牌壁，上面金漆四字“橘子洲头”看的出来是毛主席的笔迹。壁的后边是他的词。饶过石壁，前面就是一个亭子，穿过亭子望去，可以看到湘江3桥。我想这里就是“橘子洲头”，我赶紧穿过亭子这里有一棵大树，树阴所到的地方，是一块平地，一个圆弧状的小平台，其上放了些椅子，可能是供茶客游人休息，观讲的。我跑到洲子的最前端。站在洲上，远眺群山，山景是那么的清晰，难过红叶飘飘时候，可以有“独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头，看万山红遍，层林尽染”的感觉。洲头上有一小块滩子，上面好多人也在放风筝。这让我感到奇怪了。

江水很清，可以看到江上的砂石，我走下台阶，来到江边感受感受清凉的江水。旁边还有俩孪生的小宝宝，穿着醒目的小红袄，蹲在沙子上快乐的咯咯的笑。我在岸上站立许久，静静看着天上飞的最高的风筝，才想起，可能哪个才是我家乡的方向。风筝之高犹如小叶子，就连放鸳的人也很无奈了，这怎么把它收回来。我回到观景台上，坐了下来。看着江上来往摆渡的舢板。也有游人，租上舢板在江上游玩一圈。在洲上可以看到江边上也有好多游玩的人。天上有小时侯长看到的象“鱼鳞”的云，这时阳光不是很猛烈，在洲子上休息太舒服了。水天一色，阳光偶尔洒了下来，在江上泛起粼粼的光影，就象江面突然闪着金子。好看的很。让人心旷神怡，在这里约上3、5知己，打牌闲聊，一定是个好地方。

Dear friends

Hello everyone! Im glad to accompany you to visit Yuelu Mountain scenicspot

Yuelu Mountain, located on the West Bank of Xiangjiang River in ChangshaCity, is the tail of the 72 peaks of Hengshan Mountain. It has been a famousscenic spot since ancient times Although Yuelu is not high, it is indeed afamous mountain with rich cultural heritage. There are 15 places listed as keycultural relics protection units at or above the provincial level. Qingfengxia,aiwanting, Lushan temple, baihequan, caies tomb, Huangxings tomb, Yuwangstomb, Yunlu palace, Yuelu Academy and other nearly 100 scenic spots areattractive everywhere.

Now, I come to Qingfeng gorge, the core scenic spot of Yuelu Mountain. Herelush forest, trees into Yin, streams around, three sides against the peak,beautiful scenery in the clip show, intoxicating. From Qingfeng gorge to the topof the mountain, a large number of primitive secondary forests have beenpreserved, with a total of 977 species of plants, 555 of which are wild seedplants, and exotic flowers and plants can be seen everywhere. At the entrance ofQingfeng gorge, one of the most famous pavilions in China, AI Wan Pavilion,stands high. AI Wan pavilion was built in 1972, the 57th year of Qianlong reignof Qing Dynasty. Its founder was Luo Dian, the head of Yuelu Academy, a scholarand educator at that time. In the past, Fenglin was all over Qingfeng gorge, soLuodian named the pavilion "Hongye Pavilion", also known as "Aifeng Pavilion".Later, the governor of Huguang, Bi Yuan, felt that the scenery here was veryclose to Du Mus poem "a trip to the mountains" and changed its name to "Ai WanTing". Indeed, in late autumn, the top of Yuelu Mountain is shrouded in cloudsand mist, and the maple leaves around aiwan pavilion are as red as fire andgorgeous as blazing, which vividly expresses the artistic conception of thepoem.

Now, you can see the whole picture of aiwan Pavilion. It sits in the Westand faces east, surrounded by mountains and craggy rocks. It is surrounded bystreams on the left and right, with mountains, trees, streams and stones flowingin different directions. In his youth, when he was studying and working in HunanNo.1 Normal University, Comrade Mao Zedong often went to aiwanting together withCai Hesen, Luo xuezan, Zhang kundi and other close friends to "point out riversand mountains, excite and pronounce words", sometimes even all night. When thepavilion was rebuilt in 1952, Li Da, the then head of Hunan University, askedChairman Mao to write a title for the pavilion. Chairman Mao happily wrote downthe three characters "Ai Wan Ting", which is the plaque on the lintel of thepavilion.

Now you can see that there is a couplet on the pavilion: "the mountain pathis red and comfortable at night, and five hundred young peaches are new; theclouds in the gorge are deep and green, and a pair of tamed cranes are waitingfor the cage." This is the title of Luo Dian, the builder of AI Wan Pavilion. Itshows the style of AI Wan Pavilion at that time.

When Changsha and Kagoshima became friendly cities, aiwan Pavilion, as asymbol of the ancient city of Changsha, was imitated and built in Japan, thusbecoming a messenger of Sino Japanese friendship.

On August 27, Dad finally finished his work and fulfilled his promise totake me to Daming Lake in Jinan. The long-awaited wish also accelerated with thehigh-speed railway. His excited mood was like the tree shadow beating outsidethe car window, more like a string of active notes.

The first stop to Jinan is Daming Lake. The first thing you can see is theglazed tiles, vermilion painted pillars, and a row of antique gate buildings.Through the gate buildings, you can see the magnificent Daming Lake and the lushlotus leaves blooming on the shoal, just like a green paper umbrella on thelake. If you look carefully, there is another one A lotus pod, and a fewbeautiful lotus, is really "connected to the sky lotus leaves infinite blue,reflecting the sun lotus another red", echoing with the classical pavilions,feel like watching TV in the south of the Yangtze River.

Whats more amazing is the stone Museum in Daming Lake scenic area. Thereare various kinds of stones in different shapes, such as jade, Taishan stone andso on,

At noon, my father and I went boating on the lake, feeling the quiet andpeaceful atmosphere. Sitting on the boat, we watched the water waves quietly.Occasionally, a few red fish came to the surface, and occasionally a few waterbirds flew out of the island in the center of the lake.

In the afternoon, we went to visit Baotu Spring, which is known as "thebest spring in the world". As soon as we entered the gate, I saw the plump Koiunder the small bridge and flowing water. Some of them were glittering with goldand some of them were charmingly naive. Along the Qingshiban Road and the flowdirection of the spring, we came to the memorial hall of Master Li kuchan.Master kuchan had heard of them for a long time This is the most attractiveplace for those who are interested in calligraphy and painting. It is majesticand lifelike. Let me look at it with new eyes.

After turning around the kuchan master memorial hall, and passing thememorial hall of poetess Li Qingzhao, we come to Baotu Spring. There are a lotof people watching it. From a distance, there are three spring eyes, and thespring water is surging, like three blooming flowers,

Spring clear bottom, fish in groups in the water swimming, carefree is veryhappy.

Perhaps in this beautiful environment, time will pass quickly, thetwinkling of an eye is dusk, my father and I with a reluctant mood, set foot onthe return train.

大家好!欢迎观光天心阁。本人是景区讲解员__，希望通过我的讲解，能让大家对古城长沙和天心古阁厚重的历史文化有一个初步的了解。

天心阁是古城长沙的标志和象征，是长沙历史文化发展的见证，自古素有“潇湘古阁，秦汉名城”的美誉，为国家AAAA级旅游景区。因其地脉隆起，主吉祥之兆，故一直被视为长沙的风水宝地。景区建于1924年，是为保护具有2200多年历史的古城墙和400多年历史的古阁楼而修建的长沙第一个园林景点。

首先大家观赏到的是“薰风亭”和“伦鉴池”。“薰”是一种香草,“薰风”即“香风”;亭子建于盛夏，四面清香宜人，故此得名。红岩石壁上的“伦鉴”两字，“伦”为类似之意，“鉴”为镜子之意，意思就是指池水象镜面一样明净。话说唐太宗李世民在谏官魏征过世后，悲伤之余留下了“以铜为镜，可以正衣冠;以史为镜，可以知兴替;以人为镜，可以知得失”的千古名训，“伦鉴”一名由此而来。

天心阁是楚汉文化长沙之魂，而长沙是国务院公布的我国首批二十四座历史文化名城之一，天心阁是长沙的象征 ,见证了长沙的历史发展和变迁。世界上所有的城市史都有因市成镇，因镇而城的历史，所以长沙城历史由来以久，据史书记载早见于《逸周书·王会篇》的西周王朝，长沙城历经几千年，不迁不移，不动不改，至今繁衍生息，在当今的城市极为罕见。长沙的每一个建设项目都有可能挖掘出一批珍贵文物：如西汉马王堆女尸，商周青铜器，走马楼三国竹简等等……举不胜举。

现在大家看到的这片错落有致的石林，是景区的《历史名人石刻画廊》，它刻绘了33位对我们湖南有过突出贡献的历史名人，他们有的在湖南出生，有的在湖南为官，其中湘籍16人。炎帝神农氏，品百草造福于民，他晚年因误食一种叫“火焰草”(又称“断肠草”)的植物而谢世于湖南，炎帝陵就在我们湖南株州的炎陵县;朱熹、张轼为长沙岳麓山下的岳麓书院主讲;李芾，长沙(古称潭州)知州既湖南安抚使，南宋末期人，在元兵攻打长沙三日守城无望的情况下，领全家十九口人集体自尽，以示忠烈;曾国藩，湖南湘乡人，清朝道光年间洋务派首领之一，创建了“无湘不成军”的湘军，曾疯狂镇压太平军，后被捻军所败，但他的为人处世之道历来被后人所学习、传颂，所著多收入《曾文正公全集》中;魏源，湖南隆回人，提出“师夷长技以制夷”，在林则徐支持下著有50卷《海国图志》，被称为睁眼看世界的第一人;郭嵩焘，湖南湘阴人，清末外交官，近代中国向西方国家派出的第一位常驻使臣，出使(新加坡)期间，取用公款只薪水与房租两项，尝言：“廉才 君子以自责，不宜以责人; 惠者 君子以自尽，不宜以望于人”，时称名言。

Good morning! Welcome to Changsha, the beautiful star city. First of all,on behalf of all the staff of the travel agency, please allow me to extend mywarmest welcome to you. Welcome to the "red sun Tour" organized by thisorganization, because we are taking the red route,. Shaoshan is also the placewhere the sun rises, so our journey is called the journey of the red sun.

Let me introduce myself. Im the tour guide of the red sun tour. My name isZhao. For your convenience, you can call me Xiao Zhao. On the left side of XiaoZhao is our director master X. master X has good driving skills, rich experienceand friendly treatment. So we can rest assured when we take his car. If you haveany problems during the journey, you can put forward them. Xiao Zhao and masterx will do their best To serve you, well, lets have a wonderful journeytogether!

Our journey has begun. Now at our feet is the famous Wuyi Avenue, alsoknown as Wuyi Road, which has "the first road in Sanxiang". It represents thefuture of Changsha. The prosperous area of Changsha radiates from here. It wasbuilt on May 1, 1951, so it gets its name. It is the first asphalt road at thattime. The road width is only 9 meters, but with the development of the times,the traffic is getting better Developed, 9 meters wide is far from enough tomeet the shuttle vehicles. Until 20__, it took five months to renovate, which iswhat we see now

Wuyi Avenue, which starts from the railway station in the East and ends atXiangjiang bridge in the west, has a total length of 4138 meters and a width of60 meters. It is a double ten lane road. The traffic on Wuyi Road is orderly,but most drivers are reluctant to take this road. Why? There are three sets ofTV monitoring equipment and six electronic eyes on this road. Its easy to becopied if you are not careful, so drivers love and hate each other!

Where is the source of Wuyi Avenue? It is Changsha railway station behindyou. It was built in 1975 and completed in 1977. Together with Shanghai railwaystation and Beijing railway station, it is known as Chinas three major railwaystations. There is a bell tower in the middle of the railway station, which is63.7 meters high. The bell tower will play the excellent music "Dongfanghong" onthe hour, as if to tell you that you have come to Dai Wei Hunan, the hometown ofChairman Mao. And there is a building above the clock tower. What does Xiao Zhaothink she looks like? Yes, she is the red torch. Some people may ask, since itis a torch, why not fly with the wind? Instead, why rush straight to the bluesky? Xiao Zhao has to explain this question to everyone, because before thecompletion of the railway station, during the period of the cultural revolution,when the designer designed her to fly to the left, there would be the saying ofleaning to the left; When it was designed to lean to the right, I was afraidthat there would be Rightists, so the designer simply designed her as a torchthat went straight up into the sky. In fact, she is very similar to a specialtyof Hunan: Chaotian pepper, which is a favorite food of Chairman Mao. It alsosymbolizes the hot passion of Hunan people. Isnt there such a saying: Sichuanpeople are not afraid of spicy food, Guizhou people are not afraid of spicyfood, Hunan people are not afraid of spicy food.

Well, now we go to Yuanjialing overpass. Why is it called Yuanjialingoverpass? Its not called lijialing zhangjialing overpass because its said thatthere is a family named yuan living on this large area of land. Therefore, theconstruction of this bridge is named after the yuan family. It is builtdownward, in addition to beautiful, but also play a role in mitigating theearthquake. But there are both advantages and disadvantages. Hunan is a rainyprovince. If it rains, rain will accumulate under the bridge, which will causeinconvenience and trouble for pedestrians. Im afraid its time to goboating!

On the right hand side of Xiao Zhao is Shaoshan Road, because there was noroad leading to Shaoshan at that time, and later this road was built; it wasnamed Shaoshan road.

OK, lets take a look at the trees on both sides of the tour bus. Its thecity tree of Changsha: Cinnamomum camphora. The leaves of Cinnamomum camphoraare small but there are many leaves. Its a good place to enjoy the cool underthe big camphor tree. The camphor balls extracted from the camphor tree candrive away mosquitoes and ants. Take off a few leaves of Cinnamomum camphora,clean them, chew them in the import, and wake up. About camphor tree,

There is also a local custom in Changsha, that is, parents give theirmarried daughter a set of furniture made of camphor wood, which is very decent.On Zhaos left is Yingbin Road, a road built in 1972 to welcome PresidentNixons visit to China. On the opposite side of Yingbin Road is a red and whitebuilding, which is the second courtyard of Hunan provincial government.

Just now Xiao Zhao mentioned the city tree. Now lets learn about theprovincial tree in Hunan Province. Its Magnolia grandiflora. Its a treespecies introduced from Guangzhou. The city flower of Changsha City isRhododendron. If you look at the Rhododendron, you have to go to thecountryside. In March and April, the red Rhododendron blooms all over themountain, not to mention how beautiful it is. The provincial flower of HunanProvince is hibiscus. Since ancient times, Hunan has been known as Hibiscuscountry. Chairman Maos poem says well that "the lotus country is full ofsunshine.". Hibiscus is also divided into wood hibiscus and water hibiscus. XiaoZhao asked: "what is water Hibiscus? What is wood Hibiscus?" ha ha! WoodHibiscus is magnolia, water Hibiscus is lotus.

OK, now lets go to Furong Road. Next to Furong Road is the newly builtFurong square in Changsha. You can see a sculpture in the middle, that is thedaughter of Liuyang River. You must be attracted by her long hair. The hair ofthe daughter of Liuyang River has nine bends, which symbolizes the nine bends ofLiuyang River. This can not help but remind us of the beautiful "Liuyang River",that Xiao Zhao here to make a fool of himself, sing a song "Liuyang River", Ihope you can like it.

Well, now we see the building with white doves on the ground floor is thefamous Pinghetang business building. Peace means peace in Japanese, which meansharmonious development. Here is a Sino Japanese joint venture shopping mall.Japanese shareholders account for 60% of the shares, while Chinese shareholdersaccount for 40%. Before the completion of Pinghetang, the largest number ofbamboo slips in China were unearthed here, which recorded the history of theChu, Han and Three Kingdoms periods. Now there is an exhibition on the sixthfloor of Pinghetang. You can visit it after shopping.

In front of the peace hall is the May day square. There is a huge musicfountain in the middle of the square. At eight oclock every night, the musicfountain will dance with the music. Now, please look at the top of May daysquare. You can see a small house like eyes. There is the big eye studio, thevoice of the Golden Eagle.

Hello, everyone!

Welcome to Changsha, a famous historical and cultural city with beautifulscenery, pleasant climate, heaps of delicious food (due to the age of tourists),beautiful women and handsome men!

As the saying goes, "a hundred year old man will be on the same boat, and athousand year old man will be sleeping together." now the popular saying is thata hundred year old man will be in the same car, but we are all in the same cartoday. Xiao x is really honored. There is a saying in China that it is never tooold to learn. When we come to Changsha, first of all, we have to learn the threerepresentatives

First: on behalf of the people of Changsha, I would like to extend a warmwelcome to all the guests coming from afar!

Second: on behalf of all the staff of __ travel company, I would like towelcome you to this happy trip. Welcome, welcome, warm welcome.

The third representative is me, on behalf of myself and the driver, to makea brief introduction. Im a tour guide from X Travel Company, and Im also theground guide of your trip to Changsha. My name is __. You can call me Xiao X orX guide, as long as you let me know that you are calling me. Next, I would liketo solemnly introduce the person who occupies an absolutely important positionin our tour, that is, the driver master x who escorts us. In our industry, thereis such a saying that drivers are in a hurry to drive in Jilin, in a rush todrive in Mongolia, and in hukai in Shanghai. Can anyone think of how to drive inChangsha? Let me answer the riddle. Our masters in Changsha are quite special.They can drive in both black and white. Why do we say that? Its about theclimate of Changsha, "there are flowers in spring, there are months in autumn,there are cool winds in summer, and there are snow in winter." this is theclimate characteristics of Changsha. The four seasons are distinct. The roads inspring, summer and autumn are generally black, and the roads in winter are oneSnow, the road will become white, so our master is very familiar with blackhundred Liang Road, so we can rest assured of our driving safety in recentdays!

Now, Id like to invite our lady friends in the car to focus on our master.There is a saying: first class men have a home outside their home, second classmen have flowers outside their home, third class men look for a home in theflowers, and fourth class men go home after work. Hehe, lets see what kind ofmen our master belongs to? Start your brain and think about it. Oh, remove awrong answer, D. if you think of us like this, its impossible for a master togo home after work in four or five days. Shifu is a good man. Why do you saythat? Please dont think about it. I didnt say that Shifu is a playboy. Letstake a look at the touring car, which is a mobile home for our master. Ofcourse, the master loves it very much. Isnt it a very popular RV now? Letstake our touring car as a new type of RV. What I want to say is that when youleave this mobile home every day, you must be smart: wave your sleeves, dontleave behind A cloud!

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Hunan for sightseeing. "I want to have a dreamand a bright future in Hibiscus country." Hunan is the hometown of Mao Zedong.It has beautiful scenery, long history and profound culture. It can be said thatit is a treasure of nature and outstanding people.

Hunan is located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the YangtzeRiver. It is named "Hunan" because it is located in the south of Dongting Lake,the second largest freshwater lake in China. In history, the name of "Hunan"first appeared in the administrative division, which began in the second year ofGuangde in Tang Dynasty (the "Hunan observation envoy" was set up in Hunan),that is, in 764 ad. Hunan is adjacent to Hubei in the north, Guangdong andGuangxi in the south, Jiangxi in the East, Chongqing and Guizhou in the West. Ithas an important strategic position of connecting the East and the West inChina. With a total area of more than 210000 square kilometers and a populationof more than 67 million, the province has residents of 56 ethnic groups livinghere. It has jurisdiction over one autonomous prefecture and 13 prefecture levelcities.

Hunan is called "Xiang" for short. People often use "three Xiangsi and fourrivers" to express the whole territory of Hunan, and "Furong country" is also agood name for Hunan. "Xiang" is named for its mother river, Xiangjiang River.The "three Xiang" of "three Xiang and four rivers" means that the water of Xiangis called "Lixiang" when it flows with Li water at the origin, Xiaoxiang when itflows with Xiaoshui at the middle reaches, and steaming Hunan when it flows withsteam water at the lower reaches. "Four Rivers" refers to the four major watersystems throughout Hunan: Xiangjiang River, Zijiang River, Yuanjiang River andLishui river. Therefore, "three Xiangsi rivers" refers to the whole territory ofHunan. Hunan has the reputation of "Furong country" because Sanxiang has atradition of planting shuifurong (Lotus) and Mufurong (Mulian) since ancienttimes. Tang Dynasty poet Tan Yongzhi once wrote in his poem rain in theXiangjiang River in autumn: "the autumn wind is thousands of miles, the lotuscountry, and the rain is thousands of families, the village of Xue Li." Ofcourse, Comrade Mao Zedongs sentence "I want to have a few dreams, and thebeauty of Hibiscus" in "seven laws to answer friends" makes it famous all overthe world.

The topography of Hunan is like a horseshoe shaped opening to the north. Itis surrounded by mountains in the East, West and south, and only opens toDongting Lake in the north. This topographical feature determines that therivers in Hunan do not "go to the East", but "go to the north of XiangjiangRiver" and pour 800 Li into Dongting Lake. When you walk into Hunan, its hardto see a smooth scene. The hills and lakes, mountains and lakes form the mainbody. Its like wearing a zigzag and pitching coat on the land of Hunan. Underthis coat, there are abundant mineral resources. There are 111 kinds of mineralsdiscovered in Hunan Province and 83 kinds of proven reserves. Among thenonferrous metal mines, the reserves of antimony rank first in the world,tungsten and titanium rank first in China, and manganese and vanadium ranksecond in China. Among the non-metallic minerals, fluorite, barite, feldspar,sepiolite, kaolin, albite and other reserves, output and quality are in theforefront of the country. Hunan is known as "the hometown of nonferrous metals"and "the hometown of non metals".

Hunan has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasonsand an average temperature of about 17 ℃. In spring, the temperature ischangeable, sometimes with "plum blossom and yellow rain"; in summer, the hotperiod is long, known as "stove"; in autumn, although there are many droughts,the air is crisp; in winter, the cold period is short, occasionally withauspicious snow, indicating a good harvest.

Hunan has a long history and the culture of Hunan and Chu is extensive andprofound. According to archaeological findings, primitive people have beenliving in Hunan since 50000-100000 years ago. The excavation of Chengtoushansite in Lixian County proves that the primitive people in Hunan had alreadybegun to live a settled farming life as early as 9000 years ago. In ancienttimes, Chiyou fought with Yanhuang tribes and fled to Hunan after defeat, wherea tribal group called "Sanmiao" was formed. During the spring and Autumn periodand the Warring States period, Chu forces crossed the Yangtze River and DongtingHunan, and the Central Plains culture merged with the local culture, forming aunique style of Chu culture. At that time, Hunans economic development reacheda fairly advanced level, the manufacture and use of bronze ware became moreextensive, and began to enter the iron age. During the Qin and Han Dynasties,Hunans economy and culture got further development. The silk books, silkpaintings, silk fabrics and other cultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Hantomb fully reflected the level of craft and cultural development at that time.By the time of the Three Kingdoms, there were three pillars in the world. HunanProvince was bounded by the Xiangjiang River and belonged to the sphere ofinfluence of Shu and Wu. In 219 ad, Sun Wu seized the whole territory of Hunanand ruled for 60 years. After the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties,Hunan gradually became rich and prosperous, and its agriculture developed byleaps and bounds, and began to become an important rice producing area andsupply place in China. After the Song Dynasty, the water conservancy in DongtingLake area and Sishui River Basin was strengthened day by day, and Hunan became awell-known "land of fish and rice", and gradually gained the reputation of"well-known in the world". Hunan people who "worry about the world and dare tobe the first" began to show their skills from the end of Qing Dynasty to thebeginning of the Republic of China, so that there is a saying that "the generalof Zhongxing, Hunan in the 19th century". In the reform movement, Hunan was "themost dynamic province". During the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Hunan Leaguefirst responded to and supported the uprising with practical actions, which madeHunan in the forefront of the revolution. After the May 4th movement, Mao Zedongrushed from Shaoshan to the stage of Chinese history and opened a new page ofChinese revolution. The first battle of the Red Armys long march was on theXiangjiang River. Hunan was also an important battlefield in the Anti Japanesewar. From 1939 to 1942, the Chinese and Japanese armies fought in Changsha forthree times, especially the third battle. It was the first great victory of theAllies after the Pacific War, which made the Chinese fight. "Eight years fromLugou, a paper down the book out of Zhijiang." On August 21, 1945, the Japanesearmy submitted the letter of surrender to the Chinese people in Zhijiang, HunanProvince. The eight year Anti Japanese war ended with the victory of the Chinesepeople.

"When the river goes to the East, the waves will be washed out, and peopleof all ages will be famous." Looking back at the history of Hunan, how manytalented people in Hunan "hit the water in the middle stream, and the wavesstopped the boats" in the long river of Chinese history and culture? AncientHunan was known as the wild land of "Nanman", which became the exile place ofthe criminal generals since the Warring States period. However, it was thearrival of these guilty ministers that brought Hunan precious cultural wealth.Qu Yuan was demoted to Yuanli valley of Hunan Province for many years, andcreated "Sao style". Lisao, Jiuge and Tianwen were published, which created aprecedent in the cultural history. Song Yu exiled linli for 40 years, inheritedthe literary form of "Ci" and carried it forward. Jia Yi was demoted to Changshafor 4 years in the Western Han Dynasty, and wrote "Ode to Qu Yuan" and "Ode topengniao", which started the Han Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and LiuYuxi were demoted to Hunan, where they also found the source of creation. LiuZongyuans "on feudalism", "Tian Shuo" and "eight chapters of Yongzhou" cameout; Liu Yuxi completed the famous political paper "Tian Lun" and created hisown "Zhuzhi Ci", which opened a new generation of poetry.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Li qunyu, the first great poet in China,Ouyang Xun, Ouyang Tong and huaisu, the first class calligraphers in China, ZhouDunyi, the founder of Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism and Wang Fuzhi, were born inHunan.

"Only Chu has talent, and it is prosperous here." This couplet at the headof Yuelu Academy is the best summary of modern Hunan talents. Under theinfluence of Huxiang culture with the core of "managing the world for practicaluse", the reform pioneers Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, anational hero in the Qing Dynasty, and later Tan Sitong, Huang Xing, Cai E, ChenTianhua, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and other Sanxiang heroes were created here.

After the founding of new China, among the 52 leaders of the centralgovernment, 18 are from Hunan; among the 10 marshals, 3 are from Hunan; amongthe 10 generals, 6 are from Hunan; among the 57 generals, 19 are from Hunan;among the 100 generals, 45 are from Hunan. Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Hu Yaobangsuccessively served as the state presidents, and Zhu Rongji served as the StateCouncil. In addition, a large number of cultural celebrities, such as Qi Baishi,Yang Shuda, Tian Han, Shen Congwen, Ding Ling and Zhou Gucheng, are alsowell-known at home and abroad.

"Its all the past. Ill count the celebrities and look at the present."Todays Hunan people, adhering to the fine traditions of their predecessors andresponding to the call of the central government to "build a harmonioussociety", are making great strides towards a well-off society.

Long history, distinctive culture, talented people, colorful ethnic customsand beautiful natural scenery endow Hunan with rich and unique tourismresources. There are Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower with the same color ofwater and sky, Nanyue Hengshan with the unique beauty of five mountains, themausoleum of Emperor Yan and Emperor Shun, the paradise of peach blossomdescribed by Tao Yuanming, Zhangjiajie scenic spot listed in the world naturalheritage list by UNESCO, and so on; There are the former residences ofcontemporary revolutionary leaders Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi, as well as worldcultural celebrities Qu Yuan, Cai Lun and Qi Baishi; there are world-famouscultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Han tomb and the ancient city site ofChengtoushan in Lixian County, which is one of the top ten archaeologicaldiscoveries in China; there are also archaeological discoveries such as Zoumaloubamboo slips of Dongwu, Liye ancient city of Warring States and Qin bambooslips. Of course, the unique ethnic customs such as Tujia weeping marriage, Miaosilver ornaments and Jiangyong womens calligraphy will also make youlinger.

With the rapid development of Hunan tourism, Hunan provincial governmenthas taken tourism as a pillar industry to support and build. At present, Hunantourism has been blooming everywhere, and seven tourism routes have beenlaunched, namely Changsha Huaminglou Shaoshan (famous city celebrity tour),Changsha Quzici Yueyang (Xiangchu culture tour), Changsha Zhangjiajie WangcunJishou Fenghuang (landscape and ethnic customs tour), Changsha Nanyue Chenzhou(religious culture and ecological tour), Changsha Liangshan (Geologicalspectacle tour), and Changsha Liangshan (Geological spectacle tour) YanEmperors Mausoleum - Shun emperors Mausoleum (root seeking and ancestorworship tour), Changsha - Taojiang - Taohuayuan (idyllic scenery tour). At thesame time, some special tourism festivals have been launched: YueyangInternational Dragon Boat Festival, nanyueshou Cultural Festival and templefair, Liuyang International Fireworks Festival, Zhangjiajie International ForestProtection Festival, Taohuayuan garden fair, Zhuzhou Yan Emperor Mausoleummemorial ceremony, Huaihua Dong Cultural Tourism Festival, Chenzhou landscapeFestival, etc.

Hunan is rich in natural resources, and its local products are also richand colorful. The famous handicrafts include Xiang embroidery, Liling underglazeporcelain, Liuyang chrysanthemum stone, Yiyang peach stone carving, XiangxiTujia brocade, Tujia paste painting, Miao silver ornaments, etc.; the famousspecialties include Junshan silver needle tea, Guzhang Maojian tea, Xianglian,Dongting silver fish, Liuyang Douchi, furongwang tobacco, Jiugui Liquor, Baishatop grade tobacco, etc.

"Hot girls are hot, hot girls are not afraid of being hot when they areyoung." when you hear song Zuyings "hot girls", you will immediately think ofred peppers. Yes, we Hunan people are famous for not being spicy. Hunan cuisine,as one of the eight major cuisines in China, has a history of more than 3000years. After a long period of development, there are more than 4000 cuisines,including more than 300 famous cuisines. To travel in Hunan, its natural totaste authentic Hunan cuisine. We Hunan people will certainly receive the guestsall over the world with hot enthusiasm!

There are endless beautiful scenery and amorous feelings in Sanxiang.Please open your heart and follow me carefully!

再来谈谈它的古意。中国古建筑都很注重风水，也就是譬究阴阳五行，这在爱晚亭上也有体现。爱晚亭背靠岳麓山主峰碧虚峰，左右各有一条山脊蜿蜒而下，前则遥望滔滔湘水。这种地势正贴合我国古代传统的“左青龙，右白虎，后玄武，前朱雀”的布局。而且这儿三面环山，林木茂盛，属木;小溪盘绕，“半庙方塘”，属水;亭子坐西面东，尽得朝晖，属火;亭子高踞土丘之上，奇石横陈，属土。“金木水火土”五行中只缺“金”了，于是亭子涂以丹漆，便五行齐备，大吉大利了。

这天大家看到的是一座富有灵性的爱晚亭，然而，这座古亭能够说是饱经了磨难。过去，爱晚亭这儿满目疮痍，罗典专门花大气力进行了修整，疏浚水道，移花栽木，才使爱晚亭焕发出勃勃生机。大家在亭柱上看到的这副对联就是罗典所题的“山径晚红舒，五百夭桃新种得;峡山深翠滴，一双驯鹤待笼来。”表现的就是当年爱晚亭的风姿。但以后爱晚亭几经沧桑，屡毁屡修，屡修屡毁，直到新中国成立后，才得到全面的修复。1952年，湖南大学拨专款重修爱晚亭。

Hello, everyone. Im the tour guide who is responsible for taking you tovisit Macaos famous place of interest, mage temple. I hope my explanation willgive you a pleasant journey. First of all, let me introduce Mazu temple.

Mage temple was called niangma temple, Tianfei temple or haijue temple inthe early period; later it was named "Mazu Temple", which is commonly known as"mage Temple" in Chinese. Mazu means "mother" in Fujian dialect. The temple isbuilt along the cliff with a back mountain and a sea. It is surrounded bytowering ancient trees. There is a pair of stone lions at the entrance of thetemple. It is said that they are masterpieces of the Qing Dynasty 300 years ago.The temple is composed of four buildings: the main hall, the stone hall, theHongren hall and the Guanyin Pavilion.

The best time to visit mage temple is during the Spring Festival, becausethis time is the most popular, and many traditional activities will be held.Many faithful men and women come to pray for the gods. A large bamboo shed willbe built in front of the temple as a temporary stage for performing miraculousarts.

Mage temple is composed of "the first temple in Shenshan mountain", Hongrentemple, Zhengjue Buddhist temple, Guanyin Pavilion and other parts. Although thescale of each building is small and crude, it can fully integrate nature and thelayout is well arranged.

Entrance gate

You can see the granite building at the entrance gate. It is 4.5 meterswide and has only one door opening. The lintel has the word "Mazu Pavilion" andcouplets on both sides. The three parts are decorated with glazed tile roof. Thetop of the lintel has a cornice shaped ridge with porcelain beads and fish onit.

Memorial Gateway

Immediately behind the gate of MAGE temple is a three room four columnarch, also made of granite, with four stone lions on the capitals.

Hongren Hall

You have now come to the smallest Hongren hall, which is only about 3square meters.

Buddism godness Guanyin Temple

Guanyin hall, located at the highest place, is mainly made of brick andstone. Its architecture is simple and hard mountain style.

Zhengjue Buddhist temple

You are now in the Zhengjue Buddhist temple. This Buddhist temple pays moreattention to both the scale and the architectural form. The building is composedof a temple dedicated to the queen of heaven and a retreat area. The building inthe repair area is a common folk house with a hard Hill brick structure, whilethe temple is a four frame beam structure. There is an inner courtyard in frontof the main hall. The side porches on both sides are shed roofs. The main hallarea is divided into three bays by two rows of three columns. The roof is glazedtile slope top, and the top of the side walls on both sides is a gold shaped"wok ear" gable, which has the meaning of fire prevention and strong southernFujian characteristics. It is located in the front of the inner courtyard, Fromleft to right, it can be divided into five parts. The middle part is the highestand the two sides are gradually lower. The wall is decorated with claysculpture. The top of the wall is decorated with glazed tiles. Under the eavesof the glazed tiles, there are three layers of flowers symbolizing the bucketarch. In addition, there is a circular window opening with a radius of 1.1meters in the middle part. The eaves and porcelain beads on the top of theglazed tiles also show the importance of this hall.

Mazu Pavilion is always full of incense. Every year, on the new years eveof the lunar calendar, the birthday of Mazu on March 23, and the Double NinthFestival on September 9, it is full of people.

Witness the flame

On the afternoon of May 3, 20__, the Beijing Olympic flame passes throughMacaos mage temple. The Olympic flame from Olympia will meet the incense frommage temple, and Macao will show the characteristics of Chinese and Westerncultures in the most representative way of welcoming the Olympic flame.

Well, thats the end of todays tour. I hope this interpretation has left adeep impression on you. Please pay more attention to more Macao scenic spots.Goodbye.

Everybody is good! Welcome to sightseeing, as cabinet. I am a scenic docentof __, hope that through my explanation, can let everybody to the ancient cityof changsha and the massive historical culture as ancient pavilion has apreliminary understanding.

As cabinet are signs and symbols of the ancient city of changsha, changshais the testimony of history and culture development, ancient times known as"xiaoxiang pavilion, qin and han dynasties city" reputation, as the nationalAAAA level scenic spots. Because its ley uplift, the auspicious trillion, it hasbeen regarded as a geomantic precious place of changsha. Scenic area was builtin 1924, is to protect the ancient city wall with a history of more than 2200years and 2200 years of history of the ancient attic built in changsha firstgarden scenic spot.

First of all you see is "embalm wind pavilion" and "lun jian pool". "Cured"is a kind of vanilla, "kaori wind" namely "sweet wind"; Pavilion built inmidsummer, pleasant fragrance, all around its name. Red rock cliff "Aaron as"two words, "Aaron" is the similar meaning, "learning" as the mirror, meaning isrefers to the water as bright as a mirror. Words taizong account in the proposalmaking official Wei Zheng died, sadness of leaving "for copper mirror, can isthe headgear; with history as a mirror, can know replaced; the looking-glassself, can know the gain and loss" of training, "Aaron as a".

As pavilion is the spirit of chu culture of changsha, changsha is the statecouncil released the first batch of 24 cities in our country one of the famoushistorical and cultural city, heavenly heart pavilion is a symbol of changsha,witnessed the historical development and changes of the changsha. All the citiesin the world history has a city into town, because of the history of the townand city, so the changsha city origin with long history, according to historicalrecords as early as in the shifu, king "of the western zhou dynasty, thechangsha city after thousands of years, dont move dont move, dont change,still thrive, a rare in todays cities. Changsha every construction project islikely to dig up a batch of rare and precious cultural relics, such as thewestern han dynasty mawangdui woman corpse, chow tai bronze ware, cooks floorbamboo slips of The Three Kingdoms, etc... Are legion.

Now you see this piece of strewn at random have the stone forest, is the"historical figures carved stone gallery" scenic area, it is time for us to drawthe 33 hunan had outstanding contribution of historical figures, some of themwas born in hunan, an official in hunan, including XiangJi 16 people. Yanemperor shen nung, tasted grass bouquet to benefit the people, he later becauseof eating a "flame grass" (also known as "graceful jessamine herb") plants andxie in hunan, emperor yandi mausoleum in our hunan ZhuZhou tianxinli; Zhu xi,Zhang Shi under the capital city of changsha yuelu academy lecture; Lee Fei,changsha (called tam states) year hunan conciliation, the late southern songdynasty, yuan soldiers in an attack on guarding city changsha 3 hopelesssituation, bring the whole family 19th mouth people collective suicide, in orderto show the valiant ones; Zeng guofan, hunan hunan assembly of people, the qingdaoguang years one of the westernization movement leader, created the "xiang noof xiang army", was crazy to suppress the taiping rebels, after the defeat bytwisting forces, but his way of life has always been talk of learning, by latergenerations, by income more complete works "once Wen Zhenggong; Wei yuan, fromlonghui, hunan, and puts forward "long skill with barbarians", the Lin zexu,supported by the 50 volumes "sealand disposition, known as the worlds firstperson, I opened my eyes XiangYin guo song-tao, hunan people, diplomat in thelate qing dynasty, to the west in modern China sent the first permanent chiefs,during the missions (Singapore), access to public funds only pay to rent two,and said: "budget before the gentleman to remorse, unfavorable to blame others;hui is the gentleman to suicide, unfavorable in hopes to man", said.

Is engaging you see in front of the pavilion, there are "as whirlwind toheaven, to the party engaging" say, mean as natural began. Please note that theabove couplet, top allied "day if sentient days also old," second line is "heartto the selfless heart wide". This is embedded word couplet, poem is orz. Did yousee it, by the way, is the name of our scenic area "as", this couplet acultivate ones morality philosophy in it.

Please look at the other side of the pavilion "chong DE", this plaque forChiang kai-shek, "fresh call forth the past unforgettable a surprised noondream, thousands of miles to see sunrise" according to legend for Chiangkai-shek, built for the 1946 memorial for those who died in the anti-japanese,also known as "the fierce pavilion". From September 1939 to December 1941, theJapanese aggressively attack changsha three times, in the ninth theatercommander Sir Hsueh yueh as the main body of Chinas armed forces to take theback decisive battle "strategy, strive to resist. Three times in battle, theJapanese were losing from changsha. Changsha become resistance for five years inthe history of world war ii hero city, become one of the main positivebattlefield of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War stalemate. Because, as cabinet inchangsha city high ground, have lost three times as one of the main platforms ofour important department. Hero of changsha city undefeated to figure stands infront of the world, and majestic, magnificent ancient city wall, also became thepride of changsha people.

Now everyone viewed from the looks, is built in the Ming dynasty chongzhenyears ago, has 400 years of history, as cabinet. Attic for a layer, when hefirst built qing qianlong built into two layers, in 1774 as a "ku" always readofficer wang li degrees also made the repairing as pavilion "; As to the qingdynasty jiaqing years, your academy dean luo funding reconstruction, Ohio, southof the city is now everyone can see three layer, and increase the south andnorth two attached to the cabinet, make it more grand, magnificent; 14.6 metershigh, is now the main pavilion two attached cabinet each 10 meters high, theentire attic imitation Ming and qing dynasties south garden architectural style,"not as pavilion, dont know the ancient changsha." Please follow me togetherpavilion to visit.

Main pavilion, a layer for the exhibition in one hundred, changsha,changsha one hundred history of the 20th century is shown. First of all, pleasesee the heavenly heart pavilion overlooking a poem, the poem "tam states that"todays changsha. The poem are taken from the good county annals "(the originalchangsha, good two counties are divided into changsha, as pavilion is a goodcounty), the author YuYi for Ming chongzhen years in Beijing took command, whichcan be concluded as cabinet as early as 400 years ago stand high above the city.Then take a look at the ancient changsha old topographic map, it is the long andnarrow strip, changsha has a picture of a household name, popular pairs: "landand sea chau interstate system boat boat move motionless, as presently livepigeons fly cabinet did not fly", this amphibious continent is j, amphibiouscontinent is about more than 5500 meters long, about 100 meters wide, is thechangsha this special geographic landscape. Changsha geological structure on thebasis of quartz sandstone, through all the year round external force, make a lotof sand and stone are gathered in the surface, thus changsha placenames originin "long Fang Zhou, sandy land".

Main cabinet of the second floor has two large relief, one shows the lateNovember 12, 1938, "Wen Xi fire", zhou enlai and then KMT chairman zhangzhizhong to attic inspect the scene of the disaster of hunan province, wuhan,the Japanese open the portal to southern China, Chiang kai-shek to defend thechangsha lack of confidence; The order after the yueyang lost, zhang zhizhong inchangsha "scorched earth" of the war of resistance against Japan, with theirtorches as cabinet, put a good carry of changsha city into a ruin, destroyed thecity area of 90%, burned more than 3000 people, burns victims of nearly twentythousand people, the city common people homeless, history says "Wen Xi fire",changsha which is listed as a world war ii one of the most serious city fourgreat destruction. But less than three months, heroic unyielding changsha peopleand set up a small hut on the ruins of new changsha, with a burning desire tofight the Japanese again, make the Japanese admitted for the first time in allthe way the successful cases of the Chinese people do not reproach. Second isshown in July 1930, the red headed by peng dehuai SanJunTuan armed attackchangsha, in ShanTing victory stationed in the scene. Hunan liling people atthat time li lisans adventurism authorized by the communist international, putforward the strategic thought of "armed to encircle the cities", after thegeneral strength is too wide, the red army and take the initiative to leavechangsha.

Why call this building as "pavilion"? According to ancient Chinese starlike learning, heaven have 28 stars, including seven southern provinces as "thelinnet", in its tail there is a main life "star" in changsha, and attic builtafter just on the "changsha star" in the sky, as it is the stars in the sky,therefore, formerly known as "star pavilion", is the star of stars, is theancient worship god, stars "gv 10"; We all know that the ancients has alwaysbeen advocating dao, original attic to worship the statue of Confucius, menciusand others, the moral "for Kong Mengchuan orthodoxy, for heaven and earth andheart", so the star of stars and change to the heart of the heart. Anotherstory, the qing emperor kangxi years, emperor kangxi to changsha southern foundchangsha wooden house much more special, very easy to cause HuoHuan, to save thepeople in distress, and local officials in changsha, changsha is highest, fengshui, the best place to build such a disaster in the town of fire prevention,attic, said "the mind of" son of heaven. Written by scholars in the late qingdynasty Huang Zhaomei yunshan all eyes, all around of fireworks always concernedabout "in the name of the union, better generalization for the cabinet in thefirst place.

Now you see, is the ancient city wall in changsha. In 202 BC, that is, thewest five years, emperor gaozu Liu Bangjian han closed his eight majorcontributor to the king, the changsha Wang Wu rui, has formed ram changsha builtthe ancient city wall, according to the present 2200 years of history. In theMing hongwu five years, that is, in 1372 AD, changsha command make Qiu Guangdefence, content of the wall for masonry building, the purpose is to strengthenthe defense, makes changsha is solid "citizen". Ming scored changsha yellowtiger rate army onishi, the wall had been destroyed; Qing shunzhi eleven years(AD 1654), seduction on the plains of hunan, in changsha, dismantle MingFan fubrick building the wall, to return to the old city walls. Two years qingxianfeng (1852 AD), the walls and damaged by taiping rebels, after successivehunan governor LuoBingZhang, Mao Hongbin repair reinforcement, such as designand additional battery around, the ancient city wall to a pattern of arch ringtype in Minnesota. Original ancient city wall is 8.8 kilometers, the north andsouth long and narrow strip, in 1914, the kuomintang government in order torepair the ring road, retain only 251 meters at present this period survives, asan important witness of changsha history development.

Please look the direction of my finger, this is an important component ofthe ancient city wall in changsha - "around", also known as the barbican. As thename implies, named after the deep shaped like a half moon, is an ancient riotpolice, according to the place and the battery. It usually consists of twoparts, the long-range artillery is placed above, the following placed close toTom. In the city as well as storage of ammunition and food with warehouse andthe secret to the outside, it are of great value to the research of ancientChinese military fortifications. Interested friends can visit it.

Tourists friends, everybody in the official kilns are everywhere on thewall. The brick kiln with Ming and qing dynasties, which was the ancient brickfactory brand, another is "responsibility" for the Great Wall brick sample.

Now watch, please "changsha fire" phantom imaging, said it was justintroduced in 1938 "Wen Xi fire".

Occurs under the ancient city wall of the most famous battle, is "the dukeguan war changsha". Chibi war, zhuge liang detachment of the will, andenterprising lingling, guiyang, wuling, changsha county. Guan yu at the gates inchangsha war ShouJiang huang zhong, alternate admire: each a 50 rounds the firstworld war, regardless of the outcome; World war ii, the duke guan "knife meter"and huang zhong up, close the second brother to win and aboveboard, so put huangzhong; Three wars huang zhong cheat, go back to the GuanYuFang three arrows, thefirst two arrows to close the second brother, also Huang Zhongfang is empty ofarrows, in return for first dont kill the grace of huang zhong only shot atguan yus head scarf, this time to turn off the second brother know huang zhong,frighten when hands are off, so today changsha and "fishing knife river". Backto changsha after the satrap han xuan yi huang zhong collaboration, will launchhim beheaded. Saved huang zhong wei, han xuan, han xuan for wei, deliberatelyput the two boots the south and north two places, so today, changsha, and"south, north to take off the boots. Wei yan see through the trick, grasp itskill, the changsha has given "idle lake" (thorn Han Hu). After Wei Yanxian city;Huang zhong home anyway, guan yu, please visit to surrender.

To this end, the interpretation of good, I thank you for your support formy work, I wish you all a pleasant journey, bon voyage!

各位朋友,刚才我们旅游车经过的地方是长沙火车站。

它于1975年动工，1977年竣工，当时与北京火车站、广州火车站并称为中国三大火车站,同时在它建成的时候也是当时国内的十大建筑之一。在全国铁道网上一共有十六个铁道局两个铁道集团公司，可以说每天发行的火车趟次不计其数，其中有一趟次火车非常特别，它就是T1次火车。T1次火车起点是北京，终点站是长沙。我们从感情上认为这是一种特殊的象征意义，是湖南人缔造了新中国，湖南长沙永远跟首都北京脉络相联。我们现在可以看到，长沙火车站的主体建筑是一座钟楼，它每到整点都会响起>这首歌曲。它的造型是一支火炬,也有的朋友说它像一个红红火火的小辣椒象征着湖南人民的耿直和血性。

我们现在所走的这条平坦大道就是五一大道，五一大道始建于1951年所以叫五一路，五一路东起火车站，西至湘江一大桥，全长4138米。它是长沙的主干道之一也是长沙整个城区东西向的中轴线，原来是比较窄的,路面仅19米宽，在20xx年由省政府出资6个多亿重修了五一大道，大家可以看到现在的五一大道车水马龙、井然有序，往返有八个机动车道均宽达到60米。五一大道是长沙最直、最长、最宽、也是最漂亮的一条城市中心大道，它所经过的地方都是长沙市最繁华的地段,像长沙市人气最旺的商业步行街黄兴南路步行街就在它的南侧。

长沙市的城建尤其是道路方面的修建在20xx年后发展是非常迅速的。关于长沙市修路还有着这样一个小故事在民间流传。据说在98年xx大召开时，湖南省原省长张云川同志受到了朱容基的亲自接待，是地地道道的长沙县人，他当时就用长沙话对张省长说了这样一句话：“小张啊，你回去要搞点路，要多搞点路。”长沙方言的意思就是多做点实事，为老百姓做点好事。而张省长并不是当地人，他就以为是要他多修点路，所以很多城市主干道都是近几年修好的，像沿江大道、黄兴南路、解放西路等。从20xx年开始到20xx年,长沙市城建投资多达750多个亿使长沙市的市容市貌有了很大的改善和提升。

小陈注意到,我们团里面有些朋友一直在向车窗外面张望,大家是不是在关注街道两边的绿化呀?细心的朋友可能看到了道路两旁有两排树木，靠近路面的大叶子的树种是我们湖南的省树广玉兰,它也是毛主席非常喜欢的一种树种,如果有去过韶山滴水洞的朋友就知道在滴水洞一号楼外面就有很多高大壮硕的玉兰树。里边那一排小树叶的是香樟树，那是长沙的市树，我们日常家居所生活所用到的樟脑丸就是樟木的树叶提炼出来的。樟木制作的家具也是上好的家具，防虫防蛀经久耐用。大家都知道我们湖南是四大名绣之一湘绣的发源地,高档的湘绣绣品都是用真丝丝线在真丝织物上绣制而成，要注意防潮防霉防虫,如果用香樟木制箱存放就可以有效的防止虫子咬坏,以前的时候在农村女儿出嫁时母亲要送一口樟木箱存放被面被套就是这个道理。香樟树一般生长在长江以南,我们团里面北方的朋友可能比较少见到,不过没有关系,到了张家界景区以后里面漫山遍野都是，大家可以走近了细看。

说完省树、市树，小陈再给大家介绍一下我们湖南的省花和长沙的市花。湖南的省花是芙蓉花，因湖南江湖河道纵横交错,汉唐以来就遍植荷花和木莲，唐朝诗人谭用之曾在《秋宿湘江遇雨》中写到：“秋风万里芙蓉国，暮雨千家薜荔村”里边的芙蓉国借指湖南，1961年,毛主席>一诗中也有“我欲因之梦寥廓,芙蓉国里尽朝晖”一句，使这一简称更加闻名于世长沙市的市花叫杜鹃花,别名叫映山红,是一种常见的观赏花卉,全国很多地方都可以看到。杜鹃花也是毛主席家乡韶山市的市花,在毛主席诞辰100周年之际原本三四月开放的杜鹃花在寒冬腊月竞相开放成为当时的一大奇观。

AI Wan pavilion was first built in 1792, the 57th year of Qianlong reign ofQing Dynasty. It was founded by Luo Dian, the head of Yuelu Academy, a scholarand educator at that time. In the past, Fenglin was all over Qingfeng gorge, soLuodian named the pavilion "Hongye Pavilion", also known as "Aifeng Pavilion".Later, the governor of Huguang, Bi Yuan, felt that the scenery there was verysuitable for Du Mus poem "a trip to the mountains" of the Tang Dynasty, so herenamed it "Ai Wan Ting".

Far up the cold mountain, the stone path is inclined, and there are peoplein the depths of the white clouds;

Park and sit in maple forest at night, frost leaves are red in Februaryflowers.

Indeed, in late autumn, the top of Yuelu Mountain is shrouded in clouds andmist, and the maple trees around aiwan pavilion are as red as fire and gorgeousas blazing, which vividly expresses the artistic conception of the poem.

At this moment, I can see the panorama of aiwan Pavilion. It sits in theWest and faces east, surrounded by towering green mountains and jagged rocks. Itis surrounded by streams on the left and right, with mountains, trees, streamsand stones flowing.

Aiwan Pavilion is a typical Chinese classical pavilion with a sharp top. Ithas two sets of roofs; it is called "double eaves", which is vigorous; its roofadopts four inclined ridges, which is called "four drapes", which shows thebeauty of being steady and dignified; the sharp roof makes the pavilion have akind of centripetal cohesion. All of these are the embodiment of Confucianism inancient architecture, such as emphasizing "reason", "standing on ones own",emphasizing "golden mean" and "great unification" in Chinese traditionalculture. At the same time, the eaves angle of the pavilion is concave curveupward, which makes the original heavy and sinking pavilion have a lively andelegant feeling. Together with Danzhu Biwa, Baiyu guardrail and painted caisson,the ancient beauty of this century old Pavilion is fully displayed.

Aiwan Pavilion is not only a place of historic interest, but also a holyland of revolution. In his youth, when he was studying and working in Hunan No.1Normal University, Comrade Mao Zedong often went to aiwanting together with CaiHesen, Luo xuezan, Zhang kundi and other close friends to "point out rivers andmountains, encourage writing", sometimes even all night. Old man Zhou Shizhao, amember of Xinmin society at that time, recalled this period of time. He wrote apoem "walking on Shakespeare in autumn, visiting the love Pavilion in theevening"

Bijian sound Qin, red forest for painting, a mountain autumn more naturaland unrestrained. In order to find the past, I went to fangting to pick upyingfengyi school.

When you are in the mountains, you are worried about the world. You cancount on the hurdles and spend the night. We should write the history from thebeginning.

Because of this, when the pavilion was rebuilt in 1952, Li Da, thenpresident of Hunan University, asked Chairman Mao to inscribe the pavilion.Chairman Mao happily wrote down the three characters "Ai Wan Ting", which is theplaque on the lintel of the pavilion.

At the moment, you can see a couplet on the pavilion column: "the mountainpath is red and comfortable at night, and five hundred young peaches are new;the gorge clouds are deep and green, and a pair of tamed cranes are waiting tobe caged." This is the title of Luo Dian, the builder of AI Wan Pavilion. Itshows the style of AI Wan Pavilion at that time.

中原腹地、嵩山脚下、颍河之滨有一自峰恋叠嶂、苍松翠柏、水光潋滟、碧波青天的山水桃源——白沙湖风景区。

白沙湖又称白沙水库，风景区位于禹州城西北60华里处，在登峰东南35公里处与我市交界的王村乡，是省会郑州、洛阳、许昌三市的重心地带，207国道从景区南大门通过。

湖区周围群山环抱，峰峦叠嶂、翠柏葱茂夜可闻苍松涛阵阵、朝可观日出嵩门，夕可拾平湖晚霞;远离都市喧闹，但闻“空山鸟语”;白沙湖水波粼粼、一碧万顷，如置身于梦幻，如迷离于仙境。

白沙湖历史景观密布，为思古都登台览胜，抚措叹今提供了好去处。站在东岭关，可遥想当年关云长横马立刀过五官崭六将时“力拔山兮气盖世”的雄姿;置身于玉溪垂钓处，可临姜太公“愿者上钩”的钓法;叹幽者可身临鬼谷洞演泽鬼谷子出奇制胜的韬略;猎奇者可聆听“要外潭”、“鬼修城”、“黑龙潭”等处离奇传说。

神秘的白沙湖风景区不仅山青水秀，历史景观众多，而且人文景观处处可拾。“关帝庙”、“九龙庙”、“祖师庙”等佛道庙观可满足善男信们祈求平安之愿;景区周围数十里处古寨可让您领略当地风土乡情。

白沙湖水面浩荡，水质较好，湖畔经几年开发建设，已形成一个休闲度假区，建起各种旅游设施。湖中有游船，上有多种游乐项目。夏季到此可以游泳、垂钓，小住一宿也很惬意。

欢迎大家来到!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

长沙，古时称为“潭州”，是著名的楚汉名城、山水洲城和快乐之都。长沙作为我国首批历史文化名城，具有三千年灿烂的古城文明史，是楚汉文明和湖湘文化的始源地，世界考古奇迹“马王堆西汉陵墓”出土于此。长沙现为湖南省省会，是湖南省的政治、经济、文化、交通和科教中心，亦是环长株潭城市群龙头城市。

风景名胜

长沙国家5A级旅游区：岳麓山—橘子洲旅游区。国家4A级旅游区：长沙世界之窗、湖南省石燕湖生态旅游公园、大围山国家森林公园、湖南省博物馆、雷锋纪念馆和天心阁。国家重点风景名胜区：岳麓山风景名胜区。国家森林公园：天际岭国家森林公园和 大围山国家森林公园。国家水利风景区： 长沙湘江水利风景区(湘江风光带)、长沙市千龙湖生态度假村。

最佳旅游时间

长沙是中国城市中的四大火炉之一，一到酷热难耐。盛夏的长沙气温很高且湿气重，是不适合旅游的时间。其余时间都是长沙旅游的最佳时间。

区域分布

长沙位于湖南省东部，湘江下游长浏盆地西缘。长沙市南接株洲市和湘潭市，西抵娄底市，北达岳阳市、益阳市，东挨江西省宜春市、萍乡市。长沙市辖：长沙市区(芙蓉区、天心区、岳麓区、开福区、雨花区、望城区)及浏阳市、长沙县、宁乡县，共六区一市两县。

历史文化

由于八年抗战、文夕大火和破四旧，长沙城区古建筑古文物几乎损失殆尽。1978年大陆推行改革开放以来，城区建设发展较快，但没有完整考虑对历史街区的保护，尚不存在完整的历史文化街区，完整的麻石街仅存4条。近几年开始关注对古城区的抢救，设立了五个“历史文化街区”进行保护性抢救，这些街区为：太平街、潮宗街、化龙池、小西门、天心阁历史文化街区。

Welcome to! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x.For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me firstintroduce you.

Changsha media power is can not be ignored, the domestic mainstream media"hunan TV station in changsha kaifu district is located in the" horse barmountain, in addition, changsha, outdoor media, newspapers and magazines inmedia, and digital network media has hugely increased, changsha entertainmentmedia has been becoming a powerful media of mainland China, and even the world.Hunan satellite TV to mainland China earning the most-watched local TV stations,and the snare a large number of famous host and media workers. The main worksare "happy camp", "day day up", "Im a singer" "where dad" drama "the princesshuanzhu", etc.

"Super girl" and "happy boys" talent show held successfully and "dae janggeum", "xuanyuan sword", "(and) see the meteor shower together the mostbeautiful time, such as TV broadcast and further enhance the influence. Hunaneconomic TV as one of the most popular television hunan native, its ratings andsupport all does not matched with hunan satellite TV. Hunan via visual focus onlocal audience, so there are often broadcast with local characteristics ofhunan. Such as variety show more policy more happy, family film "a last-bornsrushed forward" and so on. With qinghai TV in 20__ launched a talent showblossoming flowers, it is a new revision test broadcasts in 20__ launched acivil draft activities, aimed at mining the excellent talents, provide theplatform. The development of Chinas domestic animation in changsha is quickly,this also makes the government is determined to build animation. Stateadministration of radio, film and the first approval of nine animation industrybase, changsha two exclusive.

Golden eagle TV festival in China, changsha as the permanent home, the goldis one of the most important award for Chinese film and television. Changshainfluential newspaper issued by the local newspaper "sansho metropolis daily","changsha evening news", "xiaoxiang morning post, a national newspaper Titansports, and female today newspaper, have repeatedly received" national localnewspaper management advanced unit "title. Titan sports for sports, Chinasbiggest circulation newspaper.

With the continuous development of Internet and computer technology, thetraditional media is turning to the Internet development, major newspapers haveintroduced electronic web version, make people read more efficient, moreconvenient access to information channels, including "sansho metropolis daily","hua sheng electronic online", "xiaoxiang morning herald", "changsha eveningnews", "stars online electronic loved by people. At the same time variousnetworks and changsha, changsha classified information network, Massachusettsare constantly emerging, common prosperity with changsha Internet economy.

Changsha of Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism, protestantism, Islam, five majorreligions, religious staff of nearly 300 people, tens of thousands of people, bebaptized and to convert believers followers more than 100000 people. Yamaderafoothill, kaifu temple, temple, stone frost temple, cloud palace, scroll view,green yangshan monastery where foothill, mosques, Catholic church and theChristian north hall 10 religious site is listed as key religious activityplaces at or above the provincial level, the foot yamadera, kaifu temple,temple, stone frost temple monastery, one thousand of which yamadera foothilland kaifu temple is one national key temples of Buddhism in the han nationality;Yamadera foothill, kaifu temple, temple, narathiwat temple, north main street tothe north of the Catholic church, Christian church and Christianity church 7 inreligious activities such as site is listed as key cultural relics protectionunits in hunan province. As the provincial capital, changsha is a municipalreligious group is located, is also the seat of the provincial religious groups,religious people are relatively concentrated.

During the period of the republic of China, changsha have GuKaiFu temple,west yamadera, waring temple, temple, grace temple Lin, valley yamadera, GaoShantemple and tung creek temple known as the "changsha eight big jungle". Becauseexperience Wen Xi fire, after four changsha battle, the "cultural revolution",such as disaster, many temples were destroyed, in recent years, there is a smallpart of the temple rebuilt, such as the taniyama Po lam temple. Very strongGuKaiFu temple, incense every year. Also have the foot of the ancient capitalcity yamadera; Hongshan temple area YouHong yamadera; Ningxiang has a secrettemple, etc., are all important temples in changsha area. Changsha people alsolove to hengshan nanyue temple incense worshipping Buddha, for the purpose ofprayer. Taoist shrine in xingsha Lang pear town narathiwat temple, began in thenorthern and southern dynasties, more than 1500 years ago.

Due to the eight years war of resistance, Wen Xi fire and brokencapitalism, changsha urban area ancient relics of ancient almost wiped out. In1978 the mainland since the reform and opening up was carried out by the rapiddevelopment of urban construction, but there is no full consideration of thehistorical block protection, does not yet exist full of historical and culturalblocks, the remaining four complete granite street. Begin to pay close attentionto in recent years, the ancient city of rescue, set up five protective rescue"historical and cultural blocks, the blocks are: taiping street, tide of street,small order, Simon, historical and cultural blocks as pavilion.

Changsha rich underground cultural relics, important archaeological findshave writing in changsha, ningxiang charcoal relics of bronze ware in the river,but floor slips of changsha, the spring and autumn period and the warring statesperiod age hunan, copper kiln, etc.

Hello, Im Peng Yi, your guide. Welcome to Yuelu Mountain, the scenic spotof Changsha.

Yuelu Mountain is located in the West Bank of Xiangjiang River in ChangshaCity, with a total area of 1 It covers an area of 36 square kilometers. It is apart of Hengshan Mountain, one of the five mountains. There are 72 peaks inNanyue Mountain, headed by Huiyan peak in Hengyang City, Hunan Province. It issaid that the North geese come from the south. From autumn to spring, they nolonger fly south over this peak. They just spend the cold winter in this warmplace like spring. They wait until spring comes and then go north, so they arecalled Huiyan peak. Wang Bo, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem in prefaceto Tengwang Pavilion: "the wild geese are frightened by the cold, and the soundbreaks the Hengyang river.". As we all know, Hengyang City is known as"Yancheng". This is how it got its name. The word "Lu" of Yuelu mountain means"at the foot of the mountain" in the ancient Chinese. Yuelu Mountain is namedbecause it is the last of the 72 peaks in Nanyue.

Yuelu Mountain is not high in the sea. The highest peak is only 300 meters,but it is very famous. The main reason is that at the foot of the mountain thereis one of the four famous pavilions in China, aiwan Pavilion. Aiwanting,formerly known as "hongyeting", is also known as "aifengting", which is namedafter the famous poet Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty who said, "stop and sit in themaple forest at night, frost leaves are more red than February flowers". MaoZedong, a great man of a generation, also had a long history with AI Wan Ting:as early as 1913 to 1921, when he was in the First Normal University of HunanProvince, Mao Zedong often talked with his teachers, friends, elders andrevolutionary comrades at the side of AI Wan Ting at the foot of Yuelu Mountainto point out the country, encourage the writing and freely talk about therevolutionary ideal. After the founding of the peoples Republic of China,Chairman Mao wrote "Ai Wan Ting" in calligraphy at the invitation of PresidentLi Da of Hunan University in 1952. Now, the plaque on AI Wan Ting is ChairmanMaos handwriting.

Well, have a good time!

穿过园林后，我们便来到了时务轩，时务轩是为了纪念清未维新派创办的学校——时务学堂而修建的经念性建筑。中日甲午战争失败后，民族危机空前加强，为了配合维新运动，同时也为了推进湖南的新政，在谭嗣同等人的活动下，终于获得朝廷的批准，在长沙小东街设立了时务学堂，由梁启超在此主教，主要传播变法的理论，娈法运动失败后，时务学堂被迫停办，改为求实书院，后改为湖南大学堂，次年并入岳麓书院并发展成为今天的湖南大学，逃亡日本的梁启超在1922年回到长沙后，到小东街寻访时务学堂旧址，那时，距时务学堂的创办已经有26年了，原址已改为旅馆，房屋虽在，但已面目全非，旧时的学生和老师们大部分都已不在人世，他感到非常伤心，于是提笔写下了“时务学堂旧址”以示纪念。

在时务轩的旁边就是麓山寺碑，也称“三绝碑”。麓山寺碑是我国现存碑刻中影响较大的一块唐碑，高272厘米，高133厘米，记录的内容为麓山寺的历史沿革，它是由著名的书法家、文学家、篆刻家李邕亲自撰文、书写并且镌刻，因文、书、刻三者俱佳，因此有“三绝碑”之称，又因为要邕曾当过北海太守，因此这块碑又有“北海碑”之称，人们常称其为“北海三绝碑”。

因为《麓山寺碑》非常有名，历代想得到这碑的人非常多，也有人前来拓取，因方法不对，使这一碑遭到了严重的破坏，成了今天的这个样子。

(文庙?祠堂)

下面我们将参观岳麓书院建筑三大功能的最后一部分——祭祀部分的建筑，它们位于中轴线的右侧。

中轴线右侧上面部分主要是祠庙建筑群，它是岳麓书院讲学、藏书、祭祀三大功能的重要组成部分，祭祀的人物，一般为书院所尊奉的学派代表人物、文化名流、建设功臣、有恩于书院的地方长官、知名山长以及著名学生，通过对他们的祭祀，达到端正学统，整束学风、启发后人的目的，用今天的话说就是一种榜样教育。

现在我们来到了文庙，文庙原称孔庙，是专门供奉儒家圣人孔子的地方，文庙对于岳麓书院教育有着直接的影响，历代都有严格的礼规，要求师生都要遵循圣人的言行行事，每月的初一、十五，山长要带领学生一一朝拜，每年春秋两季举行两次大的祭典活动，地方长官也得参加，场面极为壮观。

文庙的主体建筑是大成殿。这就是大成殿，为什么要称“大成殿”呢?因为孔子是天下集大成者，所以就用“大成”来概括孔子的成就和地位，全国各地文庙的主体建筑均为大成殿。大家可能已经发现了文庙的建筑与刚才我人所看到的其它建筑不同，其中最明显的就是所用的瓦片的颜色不同，文庙所采用的颜色是金黄色，与故宫的颜色是一样的，而其它的全用的是青瓦。大家都知道，金黄色是古代皇家专用的，民间不得使用，而文庙却是个例外，其建筑级别也同宫殿，为最高级别的，享有皇家礼的待遇，这也说明了中国自古就是一个尊师重教和国家。在大成殿的前面有一石雕蟠龙，抗日战争时，大成殿被日本的飞机炸毁，只有这蟠龙幸存。战后，1946年进行修复，由于当时政局动荡不安，民不聊生，修复工作是在极其艰苦的条件下进行的，所以今存的大成殿看起来似乎缺少了皇家应有的气派，好在孔子“敬鬼神而远之”，这样的庙堂，他可能已经觉得十分奢华了，他老人家应该不会见怪的了。

岳麓书院是目前国惟一一所还在招收学生的古代书院，文庙两侧的廊屋现在已经是书院在读研究生们的教室。

穿过大成门，我们今天的游览也将要结束了，经过今天的参观，相信大家对岳麓书院这一千年学府的历史和文化已经有了一个大致的了解。非常感谢大家的配合，祝大家旅途愉快，谢谢!

白沙井位于长沙城南的回龙山下西侧，天心阁东南方约一公里处，自古以来为江南名泉之一。泉水从井底汩汩涌出，清澈透明，甘甜可口，四季不断。白沙古井始凿于何时，已无法考证出来。明以前的长沙地方史志俱已散佚，所剩明崇祯十二年(公元1639年)刊印的《长沙府志》即载：“白沙井，县(指善化县)东南二里，井仅尺许，清香甘美，通城官员汲之不绝，长沙第一泉”。可见此时白沙井已大大地有名了。民谣称：“无锡锡山山无锡，平湖湖水水平湖，常德德山山有德，长沙沙水水无沙”。

清乾隆年间，进士旷敏本、优贡张九思曾作有《白沙井记》、《白沙泉记》，盛称其泉“清香甘美，夏凉而冬温”，“流而不盈，挹而不匮”，甚至将之与天下名泉济南趵突泉、贵阳漏突泉和无锡惠山泉媲美，自明清以来，长沙人民世世代代饮用此水，前来取水者络驿不绝，即使西城区、北城区一带的居民也挑桶而来，“竟日幕而不一息。”更有不少穷苦人家汲水于此，担卖全城，赖以为生。清末以后，挑卖沙水者多居于井旁，白沙井一带生齿日繁，遂形成白沙街。白沙古井可说是长沙生命之泉。

亦因如此，自清末以来，官绅恶霸多想方设法妄图垄断白沙井水。清光绪年间，善化知县曾在井后立碑，“出示晓喻”，将白沙井划为官井、民进，并订立用水章程。民国初年，又有军阀在井旁立一“告示”碑，刻有“照得白沙井水，四井界限分明，卖水吃水各井，官井专供官军”等语。旧时，当地还有“挑水会”，凡挑卖沙水者须先交银元数元入会，取得条据，方可取水。解放以后，白沙井回到人民手中，人们才真正自由地畅饮白沙水。1950年，市人民政府为保护古井，特拨款维修古井，建立石栏，铺砌地面，使白沙古井成为长沙解放后最早得到修复的名胜古迹。

名酒白沙液，曾用此水酿制。关于利用白沙井所在山脉(古称锡山)的泉水酿酒，历朝很多人皆予以赞赏。晋代文学家谢惠连有“饮湘美之醇酵”之赋，唐代诗人杜甫也有“夜醉长沙酒，晓行湘水春”之佳句。

清代黄本骥在《湖南方物志》中说：“长沙之酒，自古有名”。白沙井最早只一眼泉，明末，水分为二，其后又增二眼，现为四眼。白沙井旁原有亭榭楼台，曾多次修葺，后毁于兵燹。解放后，白沙井经多次修整，井台铺花岗石，四周围以石栏，坡侧植以树木，南北井中央横嵌“白沙古井”石碑。

20__年，长沙市政府应市人大提出“保护白沙古井、建设古井公园”的议案要求，决定修建白沙古井公园，并且效仿古制，召民间捐建，消息一出，应者云集，捐款者有之，捐古树者有之，捐花卉者有之，更有三湘文人画士现场挥毫泼墨，义卖书画筹款。20__年10月1日古井公园正是向长沙市民开放。

公园大门是一四柱三洞的牌坊式建筑，中间两柱分别刻着“高天聚风月一园是造物之无尽藏好为寄兴怡神地”和“古井媲潇八景看游人之所共适都在廉泉让水间”，横批为“白沙古井”，进门后是一片由条石铺就的广场，数棵参天古树零星植于广场各处，时值深冬，树叶凋零，树身被粗大的麻绳紧紧缠住，以御风寒。广场北面建有一两层楼的苏州园林式的白沙茶艺馆，茶馆尚未开放，只有庭前桂树和″一园月色和茶煮，万古泉声带韵流″的门联为游人描绘着日后的井水烹茶、桂前品茶的灵韵。

公园的灵魂当属公园中央的白沙古井，井区背倚仿古而筑的小土山，环井而砌的麻石栏杆将山与井分隔开来。井区为大块条石砌成略低于地面的扇形小广场，四眼方井，水至穴底上涌，与井口持平，多余者沿石条缝隙流到小广场两侧的沟渠中排走。前来取水的人们络绎不绝，盛水的工具更是五花八门，可乐瓶、食用油壶、塑料酒壶，更有甚者提来了矿泉壶，水声哗然，人声鼎沸。

长沙历史距今约15—20万年以前，长沙有人类的活动。约公元公元前2520xx年，长沙新石器时代进入龙山文化阶段。传说始祖炎帝和黄帝都曾来过长沙。 长沙，夏代属古三苗之地;到商、周时代，三苗国消失了，但三苗后裔仍然在这片土地上生息繁衍，这时长沙属“扬越”(又叫“荆蛮”)，史称“扬越之地”。《逸周书?王会》记载，周初营建雒邑告成，各方诸侯来贺，贡物中有“长沙鳖”一种，这是“长沙”一名见于史籍的最早记载。春秋末期，楚国(荆楚)的势力进入长沙。

战国中期，楚国实行变法，国力强盛，对南展开大规模的军事行动，湖南全境纳入了楚国版图，长沙成为楚国南部的军事重镇，楚国在长沙建立了城邑。 秦国灭掉楚国，在原楚江南之地设立“长沙郡”，长沙为秦代36郡之一。从秦代开始，长沙开始纳入中国统一的政治版图。公元前220xx年封西汉王朝开国功臣吴芮为长沙王，以原秦朝的长沙郡建长沙国，将湘县改名临湘县，临湘县驻所作为国都，也标志着湖南历史上出现了第一个诸侯国，长沙成为王国都城。公元8年，王莽篡位自立为帝建“新朝”，长沙国改名“填蛮郡”，国都临湘改名“抚睦县”。

公元20xx年(建武二年)，刘秀遥封西汉末代长沙王刘舜之子刘兴为长沙王，复建长沙国，以控制洞庭以南的局势。三国时期，220xx年孙权夺取长沙至279年西晋灭吴，长沙属于孙吴之地。257年，长沙东部为衡东郡(治所翻县，今衡阳市)。265年，长沙郡的安成县(今属江西省)和豫章、庐陵两郡几县设立安成郡，长沙郡瞎地进一步缩小。280年(太康十年)，晋武帝封其第六子司马×为长沙王，以郡为国。

西晋初期，长沙郡仍隶属荆州。589年(陈祯明三年|隋开皇九年正月)，隋军渡过长江，攻克建康。隋炀帝时，潭州又改为长沙郡。620xx年，唐王朝在长沙设立潭州总管府，620xx年总管府改为都督府。五代十国时期，此时的湖湘地区出现了一个由马殷建立的楚国。963年宋朝占领长沙。南宋初建炎四年正月，金兵攻陷长沙，屠城而去。南宋中后期，长沙时局相对稳定，有重臣名将刘镐、张孝祥、辛弃疾、周必大、真德秀、魏了翁、向士壁、汪立信、文天祥、李芾等任职长沙。清军入关后，明将何腾蛟总督湖广、四川、云贵军务，驻节长沙。云集湖南并肩抗击南下清兵。

后何腾蛟兵败被俘，严词拒降，绝食七日后被杀。直至清顺治四年，长沙才归入清朝。李锦、李来亨等率部转入四川继续抗清。 清咸丰二年(1852)，太平军领袖洪秀全、杨秀清、萧朝贵、石达开等率军攻打长沙，因长沙城垣高厚久攻未下。光绪二十九年(1903)，清政府根据《中日通商行船续约》第十款规定，开放长沙为通商口岸。1898年2月21日，由谭嗣同、皮锡瑞、唐才常等人在长沙发起成立维新派政治团体“南学会”。谭嗣同、皮锡瑞任学会会长，长沙设总会，各县设分会。戊戌政变后解散。由谭嗣同等发起，于1897年10月在长沙创办时务学堂。教学内容包括经、史、诸子和西方的政治法律与自然科学。戊戌政变后改为求是书院。1920xx年2月15日华兴会成立在长沙成立。黄兴为会长，宋教仁、刘揆一为副会长。

武昌起义后，湖南革命党人首先响应。1920xx年10月22日焦达峰、陈作新等率新军革命士兵和会党举义，占领长沙城。1920xx年5月21日，国民党何键所部第35军第33团团长许克祥在长沙发动叛乱，袭击湖南省工会、农会及各革命组织，捕杀共产党员和工农群众100余人。21日电报代日韵目是“马”字，故这一事件称“马日事变”。1930年8月在浏阳永和由红军第一、第三两军团组成，朱德任总司令，毛泽东任总政治委员，亦称“中央红军”或“红一方面军”。 1949年8月5日，驻守长沙的国民党高级将领程潜、陈明仁起义，长沙和平解放。长沙市人民政府成立。