旅游导游词英语（精彩20篇）

北京密云司马台长城旅游

司马台长城位于北京东北部120公里的险关重镇古北口境内，此段长城始建于明洪武初年，是一段偏离原北齐长城基础的明长城，也是至今仍保留代长城原貌的一段古长城。

司马台长城，全长5.4公里，敌楼35座。整段长城构思精巧、设计奇特、构思新颖、形态各异，它集万里长城众多特色于一地，形成一段“奇妙的长城”。

综观司马台长城，可用“险、密、全、巧、奇”五字概括。险：司马台长城沿刀削斧劈似的山脊修筑，蜿蜒曲折，惊险无比，尤其是天梯和天桥两段，更是险中有险。天梯是单面墙长城，坡陡墙窄，最窄处不足半米，呈直梯壮沿山体上升，两侧更是陡峭悬崖，置身其上，俯首下望，令人目眩。天梯顶端，便是天桥，长不逾百米，宽只有一砖，约40厘米左右，两侧又是悬崖绝壁，令人不寒而栗，英雄气短，游客把这儿称作咫尺天涯。虽然名为天桥，但到这里的人们却都说：“过桥难，难于上青天”，这里可说是明长城中依山设险，险上加险的最险要地段之一。密：是司马台长城又一特点，两敌楼相距最近仅43.8米，最远600米，一般都在100-------200米之间，若按当时明代筑长城的规定，每500米修敌楼一座的话，可见此段长城是一例外。全：是指敌楼和城墙的建筑形式奇特多样。从外观来看，敌楼有单眼楼、双眼楼、三眼楼、四眼楼和五眼楼，有单层楼，上下相通的双层楼和三层楼。它们均为空心敌楼，大小不一、形态组合各异，是按驻军的官衔等级，驻防人数以及地势险要程度分别来建造的。从内部结构来看，有砖结构、砖木结构、砖石结构；又有单室、双室、多室之分；房间布局有“田”字、“井”字；楼顶变化多端，有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶、覆斗顶；就连门窗也新颖别致，有边门、中间门、有砖券和石券，还有技艺精湛的雕花花岗岩石门。这是长城史上不可多得的珍贵文物。司马台长城东段的仙女楼和望京楼就是两种具有代表性的敌楼，望京楼是司马台长城的制高点，海拔986米，为空心三眼楼，二层砖石结构。这里视野开阔，隐约可见北京城轮廓，故称望京楼。望京楼头，东观“雾灵积雪”、“蟠龙卧虎”、北看“燕山叠翠”、南瞧“水库明珠”、壮丽关山，尽收眼底。仙女楼是敌楼中建造得最美的一座，掩映在老虎山腰的树丛中，下部条石合缝，上部磨砖达顶。内部用青砖砌成两道大拱，三条甬道，十个券门。顶部正中心砌成蜘蛛网状的八角藻井，四边砌四个砖柱，游人在里面轻轻放歌便能发出悦耳的回音。门券上还有并蒂莲花浮雕，整个敌楼处处给人以精巧、细腻、秀丽之感。仿佛它不是人间战争的防御设施，而是一座仙境楼阁。此外、城墙的构造更是匠心独运，富于变化。因地形和军事上的需要，城墙又分为单边墙、双边墙和障墙，有砖砌、石砌及砖石混合砌，城墙上的箭孔疏密也从几十个直到上百个。巧：体现为进可攻，退可守，步步为营的障墙。而小天梯上的障墙，可谓登峰造极，在20多米的垂直落差内从最顶上的障墙箭孔，一直可以通过所有障墙的射孔，到达最下的射孔，精巧之至，另人赞叹。由此可以想像昔日戌边将士苦战御敌的战争场面。奇：构筑在溶洞上的长城，洞与城的巧妙组合，在整个明长城中绝无仅有，令人称奇叫绝。

司马台长城虽以山势险陡、长城雄奇为主景，却不乏碧波荡漾、湖光帆影的优美环境，长城角下的鸳鸯湖赋予了这段长城以灵性，清澈的湖水，是由水量充沛、四季凉爽的冷泉和冬季热气喷涌、水温常年在38℃的温泉汇聚而成的，湖水冷暖各半，经东历夏，从不结冰。夏季里荡舟湖上，清风徐来，让人神清气爽，心旷神怡。

司马台长城不仅有奇丽的风光，亦是一座文化遗产的宝库。今年来，在这段长城上发现了许多长城文物，其中：有石刻“题名碑”，碑上记载着当年修建长城时的情况以及与建城有关的官员的名字，同时这里还发现几处城墙和敌楼上有带戳印文字的砖，上面刻的都是参加修建长城的军队名称和年代，如“万历五年山东左营造”、“万历五年宁夏营造”等等。长城砖上带有戳印文字，在其它长城上也是及为少

见。在修复这段长城清基过程中，又清出一批出土文物：有当年守城将士使用过的各种武器，其中有铁炮、石炮、铁镞铁铳、手雷、三眼铳。铁弹丸、火药勺等，还有守城战士用过的生产生活用具，其中有锄头、铁铲、菜刀、铁灯碗等等，以上这些文物很珍贵，它为研究明代长城及明代历史提供了价值很高的事物资料。

长城是中国也是世界上非常重要的文化遗产，司马台长城则是这份遗产中的一颗明珠，为了更好地保护这段长城，并满足广大中外游客更好地领略长城的风采，司马台长城景区一手抓文物保护工作，一手抓旅游开发建设，使司马台长城这一世界文化瑰宝无愧于时代，无愧于著名长城专家罗哲文教授的评价：“中国长城是世界之最，而司马台长城是中国长城之最。”

司马台还为游客提供登城隐形索道、游览峡谷索桥、鸳鸯湖上泛舟、游泳、垂钓、住宿、小型会议、山寨野味等服务。6月举办司马台长城国际滑翔节、8月举办文化节、9月举办登城比赛。

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各位游客：

大家好，欢迎来到爽爽的贵阳，西安有大雁塔，武汉有黄鹤楼，成都有望江楼，昆明有大观楼一样，而我们贵阳有甲秀楼，甲秀楼是贵阳的市徽和标志，现在我们去参观贵阳市的标志。

甲秀楼位于贵阳市南部的南明河上，是市内小型人文风景区。甲秀楼始建于明万历20xx年，也就是1598年，至今已有400多年历史。最先倡导修建甲秀楼的是当时的贵州巡抚江东之，他以河中的一块形状像鳌的巨石作为基础，修建一座桥连接两岸，并筑一楼用以培育风水，取名“甲秀楼”。建楼的用意深远，不但刻意点明贵阳山水甲秀黔中，而且激励人们努力学习，使贵阳“科甲竞秀”，人才辈出。

自此以后，贵阳果然出了许多著名人物，如明末以“诗书画三绝“闻名于世的杨世友，清代的两个状元，文状元赵以炯和武状元曹维城。所以甲秀楼是贵阳人杰地灵的象征，是贵阳山水与文化的精华。

我们现在看到的是甲秀楼的石牌坊，上面题词是“城南胜迹”，各位朋友可以在这里留影。我们脚下的这座桥叫浮玉桥，它的桥面并不是平直的，而是有一个起伏，像一条浮在水上的玉带，增加了桥梁造型的美感。在全国的风景桥中，浮玉桥是有名的，它与杭州苏堤上的“六桥烟雨”，扬州瘦西湖的五亭桥可以媲美。浮玉桥横跨在明净的南明河上，两岸杨柳依依，非常美丽。

浮玉桥上的甲秀楼是三层三檐四角攒尖顶，高约20米，四个角上刻有珍禽异兽的图案，底层有12根石柱托檐，四周护以雕花汉白玉栏杆，充分体现了中国古建筑的美感。浮玉桥原先有九个桥孔，桥下的涵碧潭在此回旋荡漾，形成“长江水倒流，九眼照沙洲”的奇观。桥上的这个亭子叫涵碧亭，从远处眺望，半圆形的桥孔与它在水中的倒影合在一起，刚好是个正圆，桥、亭、楼的影子一齐映在水中，恍恍漾漾，给人以“镜中景，水中楼”的朦胧感觉。诗人更把这种感受写成了一幅楹联，用“水从碧玉环中出，人在青莲瓣里行”的诗句点出了它的神韵。 历代骚人墨客对甲秀楼题咏甚多，其中清人刘玉山所撰206字长联脍炙人中，此联比号称天下第一联的昆明大观楼长联还多26字。它概括了山城贵阳的地理形势及历史变迁。

集山光水色为一体的甲秀楼有一种独具魅力的美。夜幕降临，华灯初上，到

甲秀楼长联：

“五百年稳占鳌-矶，独撑天宇，让我一层更上，茫茫眼界拓开。看东枕衡湘，西襟滇诏，南屏粤峤，北带巴衢;迢速关河，喜雄跨两游，支持那中原半壁。却好把猪拱箐扫，乌撒碉隳，鸡讲营编，龙番险扼，劳劳缔造，装构成笙歌闾，锦绣山川。漫云竹壤偏荒，难与神州争胜概。

数千仞高凌牛渡，永镇边隅，问谁双柱重镌，滚滚惊涛挽住。忆秦通棘道，汉置戕河，唐靖且兰，宋封罗甸;凄迷风雨，叹名流几辈，销磨了旧迹千秋。到不如成月唤狮冈，霞餐象岭，岗披凤峪，雾袭螺峰，款款登临，领略这金碧亭台，画图烟景。恍觉蓬州咫尺，频呼仙侣话游踪。”

甲秀楼为贵阳主要名胜，素有“小西湖”之称，历代文人墨客往来于此，触景生情，留下很多墨宝，其中尤以清人刘玉山所撰长联最为著名，洋洋洒洒174个字，凝结了贵州的历史文化，开头便是：“五百年稳占鳌矶，独撑天宇，让大家更上一层楼，眼界开拓。”

甲秀楼是闹市中一处不可多得的清幽之地，景区内古色古香，景区外高楼林立，入夜后灯火辉煌，成为历史文化和现代文明的聚焦点。甲秀楼欢迎您下次再来。

蓬莱市是烟台市的县级市，古称登州，素有“人间仙境”的美誉，是古代胶东的政治、经济、文化中心。蓬莱风景秀丽，气候宜人，民风淳朴，地灵人杰，自古就是世人向往的旅游胜地。

蓬莱市位于胶东半岛北端，东临福山市，西接龙口市，南连栖霞市，北濒黄海、渤海，与长岛县隔海相望。总面积1128.6平方千米，总人口44.5万。在全国最发达的10O个县中排名第47位，先后荣获“中国优秀旅游城市"、“全国科技进步先进市”、“全国科普示范市"、“全国文化先进市"、“全国食品工业强市”等荣誉称号。20xx年，又荣膺“中国最佳休闲旅游城市"、“山东县域旅游品牌十强"等称号。

蓬莱作为山名，最早见于《山海经•海内北经》，里面有“蓬莱山在海中”的句子。据《史记•封禅书》记载，传说远在齐威王、齐宣王和燕昭王的时候，渤海中有三座神山名叫蓬莱、方丈和瀛洲，上面的东西全是白色的，黄金白银为宫阙，珠歼之树皆丛生，华实皆有滋味，吃了可以长生不老。秦始皇统一六国后，为了寻求长生不老药来到这里，忽然看见天尽头有一片红光浮动，便问随驾方士那是什么，方士灵机一动，回答说：“那就是仙岛。"秦始皇大喜，又问仙岛叫什么名字，方士一时无以应对，就以海上三岛之一的“蓬莱”作答。

蓬莱作为地名，始见于唐代李吉甫所著《元和郡县图志》：“昔汉武帝于此望蓬莱山，因筑城，以蓬莱名之。"汉武帝于公元前120xx年东巡到这里，望神山而不遇，于是筑了一座小城命名为“蓬莱"，聊以自慰。1991年11月30日，经国务院批准，撤销蓬莱县，设立蓬莱市，由山东省直辖。12月27日，省政府确定蓬莱市由烟台市代管。

蓬莱地处渤海前哨，与旅顺同扼京津门户，一向是海防要塞。宋代在画河人海口设“刀鱼寨”，屯兵戍守。明代置登州卫，建水城，建立水师府节制山东全省备倭，成为全国最早的水军基地。清代设登州镇，在这里驻兵统辖山东全省军务。清咸丰八年(1858)六月，英法两国强迫清政府签订《中英天津条约》、《中法天津条约》，规定登州为1O个通商口岸之一。咸丰十年(1860)冬，英国领事马里逊到登州筹办领事馆和开埠通商事宜，因为登州港狭水浅，于是开埠口岸改到芝罘，也就是今天的烟台。甲午中日战争期间，登州是主要海防要地之一，守军曾在这里击退过入侵的日舰。

传说中的仙山蓬莱，是一个虚无缥缈的幻境，而我们今天去的蓬莱阁却是真实而有魅力的好地方。“眼前沧海难为水，身到蓬莱即是仙。"蓬莱的风情魅力，来源于变幻神奇的海市奇观和八仙过海的神话传说，来源于瑰丽独特的地域文化和恍若仙境的旅游景观

各位游客：

你们好!我叫陈乐怡，是这次你们玩颐和园的导游，你们可以叫我陈导游，我很荣幸能陪你们去北京的颐和园，如果你们有麻烦，尽管提出来，我一定会尽力的。

在还没到之前，我先大概说一下颐和园的门，就来到长廊的柱子是绿色的，栏杆是红色的，每一间的横槛上都画着画，走完长廊来到下面，万寿山上面有一座宝塔就是佛香阁。万寿山下面左边是昆明湖~~~~~~过了15分钟后，颐和园到了。

我带着游客来到了长廊，我说“：这长廊非常长，一共有700多米长，分成273间。长廊横槛上的画也很多，有画人物、花、风景，这么多的画没有哪2幅是一样的。

Hefei, has a long history, called LuZhou, also known as LuYang, located in central anhui province, is located in the north shore between jianghuai, chaohu, east city, west city, 4 areas in the city, the suburb and changfeng, FeiDong, FeiXi 3 counties. The city of a total area of 7266 (458) square kilometers and a population of 425.9 127.94 (city). City road wide, tree-lined, beautiful scenery, many modern buildings, places of interest, is an ancient and young city.

As the capital of anhui province, hefei is the provinces political, economic, science and education, culture, information, finance, trade center and transportation hub, is also the national grade a open city, the national important scientific research and education base, with China university of science and technology and so on more than 30 universities. High-tech industrial park, the synchrotron radiation laboratory and other renowned Chinese and foreign.

"The name, hefei". Northern wei li daoyuans "water the note" : "the summer water surge, for at shi, the yue at." Usually called shi water nanfeihe river, water is called east fei rivers, this is a saying. One suggested another way of saying that in the tang dynasty, at the water out of the mountain chicken calls, 20 miles points north flow into two, one of the southeast flow (nanfeihe river), passing through into the chaohu lake; One (east fei rivers), northwest ShouChun into the huaihe river in two hundred. The journal, it is pointed out that "belong to different with yue fat". Two water are at, suitable for a source, points to two, yue in hefei.

Hefei notoriously, the hometown of the triple return, bao zheng, at the world, with "huai right inner pipes, jiangnan lips" strategic position, often for the mohican. In The Three Kingdoms wei will zhang liao defeat sun quan xiaoyao jin comply to the army battle, namely happen here. More than two thousand years ago, had begun to form business will be here. Qin and han in the county, the Ming and qing for LuZhou FuZhi, republic of China, is the capital of anhui province, is now thousand Qiang scale times, merchants radial business will be.

Hefei, known as "green city", "garden city" reputation, the ring park was built on the basis of the ancient city walls, hefei hill along the undulating hills, the terrain, together with the original green belt and the moat, fine building. Total length of about 9 km, ring park is divided into six scenic area, among the more famous south, Xia He morning dew of the Milky Way area; Lake mountain set each other off, water, green maple red xishan scenic spot; Trees, lawns evergreen HuanBei scenic spot. This ring park, without a gap of the wall surface of water, and a fascinating scenic jiangnan scenery.

Hefei economy by leaps and bounds in recent years, urban construction changes with each passing day, the five flying things over, LuZhou colorful lights. High and new technology development zone, economic and technological development zone, longgang industrial zone surrounding the Mosaic. Through the city at the water park around the city like a jade necklace; Free and unfettered ancient ferry, hatosy xiuse, yao hai park such as pearl strew; Of shushan chunxiao, bao cemetery, teach crossbow traces of brahman clocks, prince, roaming, meanwhile, ancient theory today, make people linger on.

Hefei many places of interest. Once upon a time, there was the town huai Angle of rhyme, the buddhist temple bell, hidden boat grass color, teach crossbow SongYin, of shushan xue ji, huai PuChunRong, chaohu night, four top sunglow eight place, generally referred to as the "LuYang eight sights". The chaohu lake night, four sunglow scene, such as has not in hefei; Town huai Angle of rhyme, etc, because over time, things change, has collapsed, become history. Now the places of interest to teach crossbows, zoroastrianism temple, free ferry, bao temple, etc. The most famous.

Hefei the jie people spirit, celebrities, star turning, reform and opening up to hefei has brought a new era. Today, guided by positive science city, industrial city, garden city, rewarded brand-new posture, smile to maintaining truthful to meet, know more friends all over the world.

东山岛，别称陵岛，形似蝴蝶亦称蝶岛，位于中国福建省南部沿海，隶属于福建省漳州市东山县，是福建省第二大岛，中国第七大岛，介于厦门市和广东省汕头之间，位于厦、漳、泉闽南金三角经济区的南端，东濒宝岛海峡，西临诏安湾与诏安一水之隔；东南是著名的闽南渔场和粤东渔场交汇处；北经曾经有八尺门海堤同云霄县接壤，20xx年5月已拆除，面积220.18平方公里。截止20xx年底，东山岛设有国家级经济技术开发区、旅游经济开发区，下辖7个乡镇61个村和16个社区，总人口21.57万人。20xx年，东山实现地区生产总值126.8亿元，较20xx年增长10.1%；农业总产值51.5亿元，规模工业产值182.8亿元，全社会固定资产投资120亿元，社会消费品零售总额33.3亿元，农民人均纯收入13140元，比20xx年增长13.4%。东山曾获得中国优秀旅游县、福建省“十大旅游品牌”、福建省最佳旅游目的地、“十大滨海旅游精品”、“福建十大美丽海岛”等荣誉。

东山岛位于中国福建东南部，隶属于福建省漳州市下辖的东山县。是福建省首个“家园清洁行动”镇村治理100%达标县份。

东山岛是福建省著名的风景名胜区之一，这里海湾辽阔，沙滩平缓，绿树成荫，胜景众多，极具南国滨海风光特色。东山岛古称铜山，现仍存有建于明代的铜山古城，位于铜陵镇海滨，系为防御倭寇而建，至今雄风依存。古城内有一座回廊曲径、玲珑雅致的关帝庙，亦称武庙，建于明代，至今香火旺盛。位于东山岛东部的马銮湾，天蓝海阔，沙白水净，加之岸边绿林葱茏，沙滩长2500多米，宽60米，沙滩东北有“三支峰”为屏，东南有赤屿等四个小岛拱卫，因而自成格局。

Hello everyone! Welcome to Baotu Spring Scenic spot. Today, Ill be yourguide. I hope you have a good time!

Baotu Spring is characterized by spring view, fish appreciation, teatasting and culture. It is small and exquisite, simple and elegant.

Entering the east gate, you come to Baotu Spring Park, where the treesbecome shade and the flowers and plants are luxuriant. Among them, the mostfamous is Baotu Spring. The Baotu Spring group with him as the center is thefirst of the four spring groups in Jinan.

Walking inside, you can see the famous springs such as Shuyu spring,Jinxian spring, woniu spring and so on.

Further down, we come to the world-famous edge, which has the reputation of"the first spring in the world". There are many literati here have left thepraise of spring works.

There are three springs gushing out day and night in the pool. There aremany fish swimming happily in the pool. They sink to the bottom and float to thesurface.

The spring water is clear, like Jasper. It is at 18 ℃ on average everyyear. In winter, there is a layer of mist on the surface of the water, whichbrings people a fairyland. This is also one of the eight scenic spots of Jinanin the old days.

Baotu Spring is so beautiful! I cant say it clearly. I hope you have timeto visit here.

各位游客朋友，须弥山石窟具有两大特点。一是须弥山佛教石窟艺术兴盛与古丝绸之路关系密切。须弥山所处的位置自古以来就是中原通往河西走廊、大漠南北的交通枢纽和战略要地。“丝绸之路”开通后这里又成为“丝绸之路”东段北道的必经之地，是由长安到西域的最短的必经之地。到了唐代，唐王朝为了加强边疆防卫，又在这里设立了“石门关”，直接制约着中原与西域的军事与交通，使这里有着“关中咽喉”之称。石门关，是隋唐前后著名的七关之一，为西北通往都城长安的要冲，是屏蔽中原及长安的门户。二是须弥山石窟的分布格局与众不同，国内大多数石窟都开凿在一座石崖上，而须弥山石窟开凿在鸿沟相隔的八座石山上，格局奇特，而且各沟之间有梯桥相连。各沟之间都已架梯搭桥，以方便游览。

各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了须弥山博物馆参观。该馆位于宁夏固原市，建筑面积5558平方米，陈展面积4500平方米。博物馆由序厅和尾厅加上五个单元组成。第一单元“丝路开通”。从公元前138年张骞出使西域开始，通过场景复原、文物陈列手段展示了丝绸之路开通以后给固原带来的文化经济繁荣。第二单元“佛教东传”运用场景复原、文物陈列和多媒体技术，展示了佛教从印度诞生并东传进入中原大地的历史进程。第三单元“须弥之光”再现了丝绸之路上古原州商贾如流、物阜民丰的繁荣景象r展示了须弥山从石窟初凿、兴盛、高峰期到衰落几个部分，反映了须弥山石窟发展的全过程。第四单元“佛国众生”运用图版、石窟雕像复原、文物陈列和多媒体演示等手段系统介绍了佛国世界各类形象，是专题的佛教知识单元。第五单元“佛窟集萃”用图片展示和多媒体技术系统地介绍了印度阿旅陀、阿富汗巴米扬和中国各具特色的18处著名石窟。陈展中运用科技媒介、艺术创作、文化象征等多种手段全面展示丝绸之路文化和佛教石窟艺术，将游客带进了全景式的探秘丝绸之路、欣赏佛教石窟艺术的殿堂。

Ludiyan is located in the northwest suburb of Guilin City, 5 kilometersaway from the city center. It is a scenic spot mainly for visiting caves,supplemented by landscape and idyllic scenery. Ludi cave is 240 meters deep and500 meters long. There are a large number of exquisite stalagmites, stalagmites,stone pillars, stone mantles and stone flowers in the cave, which make up ofShiling Zhaoxia, hongluobaozhang, Panlong pagoda, primeval forest, CrystalPalace, Huaguo Mountain and other landscapes, making tourists dazzled, just likea fairyland, known as "the art palace of nature". Since the Tang Dynasty, therehave been traces of tourists in all dynasties, and there are 77 murals in thecave. Since its discovery and development in 1959, it has built restaurants,teahouses, waterside pavilions, Lake pools, curved bridges, pleasure boats, andwidely planted flowers and trees. It has become a hot spot for Chinese andforeign tourists when they visit Guilin.

Guangming mountain, where reed flute rock is located, was once calledMaotou mountain. It turned out that there was only a small hole in the hillside,which only allowed one person to go in and out. The hillside was covered withreed grass, which did not attract peoples attention. In Lingui county annals,Guangming mountain is recorded, but there is no cave on the mountainside. In thecave, there are more than 70 pieces of wall script since the eighth year ofZhengyuan (792) of Tang Dynasty. Most of them are inscribed on the cave wallwith ink. These wall books show that the reed flute rock is not unknown fromancient times. The villagers nearby have known about this ingenious cave for along time, but people have kept it secret for a long time.

"The reed flute, the rock head, the shackles are broken, and the fairiessing in the Peach Blossom Land." After liberation, peoples life was stable andthere was no need to take refuge. So they told the secret of ludiyan. In 1959,villagers nearby provided information about the cave. After investigation andconstruction, it was officially opened in 1962. Because there is reed grassgrowing near the entrance of the cave, it is said that it can be made intoflute, named reed flute rock.

Reed flute rock is a saclike cave, the entrance is adjacent to the exit,the entrance is the original natural hole, and the exit is the artificial hole.The cave is 240 meters deep and the journey is about 500 meters. The cave wasformed by the flow and dissolution of groundwater along the fracture zone ofrock more than 700000 years ago. A large number of stalactites, stalagmites,stone pillars, stone mantles and stone flowers in the cave are formed after theformation of the cave. The groundwater containing carbonates flows out along therock fissures, and the water evaporates, and the carbonates precipitate andcrystallize, and gradually accumulates. There are thousands of states in thecave.

The characteristics of the reed flute rock are that there are many drops ofwater in the cave, and stalactites, stalagmites, and stone pillars develop intofillings in the cave. Visitors into the cave, in the forest of stone pillars inthe middle of the gap to turn around, coupled with color lights shining, as infairyland in general.

The poem praising Ludi cave by Xiong Jinding gives a vivid description

Guilin cave more dexterous, reed flute new open dexterous different.

Colorful from the present and the past, strange trace exploration, forgetthe West and the East.

When I first came to the precipice, I felt like I was in the JadeHouse.

Dont blame me for my pride. There is such a fairy palace in the world.

The poet praises reed flute rock and takes it as the pride of China.

The landscape of reed flute rock is not only exquisite and beautiful, butalso close to the wall. The stalactites, stalagmites and stone pillars in thecave are like ivory carvings or boxwood carvings. They are very beautiful andare known as the "palace of nature art".

We can enjoy many wonderful sceneries when we visit reed flute rock.

开元寺布局，中轴线自南而北依次有：紫云屏、山门(天王殿)、拜亭、大雄宝殿、甘露戒坛、藏经阁。东翼有檀越祠、泉州佛教博物馆(弘一法师纪念馆)、准提禅院;西翼有安养院、功德堂、水陆寺;大雄宝殿前拜亭的东、西两侧分置镇国塔、仁寿塔两石塔，俗称东西塔。

拜庭两旁古榕参天，大雄宝殿雕塑技术高超，尤其是粱槽间的24尊飞天乐伎，在中国国内古建筑中罕见。殿前月台须弥座的72幅狮身人面青石浮雕，殿后廊的两根古婆罗门教青石柱，同为明代修殿时从已毁的元代古印度教寺移来。大殿内用近一百根海棠式巨型石柱支撑殿堂，俗称"百柱殿"，殿内供奉的五方佛像，法相庄严，是汉地少有的密宗轨制。大雄宝殿之后的甘露戒坛，系中国现存三大戒坛之一，坛之四周立柱斗拱和铺作间的24尊木雕飞天。

大家好，很高兴今天能有机会和大家一起参观安平桥。

安平桥是国家第一批公布为全国重点文物保护单位之一。位于晋江市的安海镇，安海古称安平，因此，此桥又称：“安平桥”，由于桥长有五华里(即二公里半)人们便称它为“五里桥”;位于安海镇西畔，俗称“西桥”。

整座桥上面的东、西、中部分别置有五座“憩享”，以供人休息，并配有菩萨像。两翼水中筑有对称方形石塔四座，圆形翠堵婆塔一座，塔身雕刻佛祖，面相丰满慈善。中亭二尊护桥将军，躯高1.59至1.68米，头戴盔，身着甲，手执剑，雕刻形象威武，这都是宋代石雕艺术的精华。

当时主持建桥的赵令衿筑成天下长桥而高兴地写下一首诗：

为问安平道，驱本夜已分;

人家无犬吠，门巷有炉熏;

月照新耕地，山收不断乡;

梅花迎我笑，书报小东君;

有“安平桥”原有篆书丰碑，已废。据清人龚显增《亦囱脞牍》载：“丁丑由安平趋漳郡，道出西桥，见篆书丰碑，几立桥上……碑题‘安平桥’篆书三字，字径二尺，配搭匀整，气象，旁款一行，正书云‘右迪功郎南安县尉陈大方立’，刊者刘长岳，大方绍兴末任南安县尉。”

“安平桥这一伟大的桥梁工程是继闻名天下的海内第一桥的洛阳桥(又名万安桥)，以工程之艰巨，为世界首创的“筏型基础”，而产生泉州府地之建桥热，成为泉州“桥梁甲天下”。安平桥则以长度上被历代所赞誉，以“卧龙“、“巨虹”的壮丽称号，闻名海内外。在明代被泉州人称为“学问最通”陈紫峰，有一天集诸文人周游安平桥，正遇聚雨，他们都在桥上闲聊长桥胜景，随即作对联：“暴雨骤倾万斛珍珠浮水面，长虹多挂一条金带束天腰。”

在桥头还有一座砖塔和观音堂，塔高达22米，为五层六角形空心建筑，南宋时所创建。为什么在南宋，晋江的一镇有这么多资财创建这么伟大的桥梁工程，据有关史料记载：“安海镇”于府南六十里，古名“湾海”，宋初始改为“安”、曰“安海市”，西曰“新市”，东曰“旧市”。海泊至，州遣吏攫税于此，号“石开津”，又据明代编号的《安海志》称，古时安海人善于漂洋过海发展海上贸易，宋元时期，商则襟带江湖，足迹遍天下，南海明珠，越裳翡翠，无所不有，文身之地，雕题之国，无所不到……这都说明宋时安海海外通商之繁荣景况，安平桥之兴更是当时海外交通发达，社会经济繁荣的实物标志。同时也看出泉州劳动人民的建筑智慧。

当代诗人郭沫若干年间特来安平桥参观，留下律诗一首。

五里桥成陆上桥，郑藩旧邸踪全消;

英雄气魄垂千古，劳动精神漾九霄;

不信君?真梦醋，爱看明俨偶题糕;

复台得意谁能识，开辟荆榛第一条!

由于时代久远，海港的变迁，海上的桥变成陆上的桥，如今国家拨出专款重修，恢复旧貌，我们一到长虹般的长桥，总要漫步观赏，为兴建泉州长桥功劳而赞叹!

During National Day my parents and I went to Hong Kong in South China.It isa beautiful seaside city because there are many places of interest in it.Atfirst we visited my cousins house.His house is quite different from mine.It isbig and clean.Each room is decorated in different kinds of styles.Those made usfeel excited.And then we visited Hong Kong Disneyland.It is one of the mostfamous theme parks in the world and includes four parks—Main StreetUSAFantasylandTomorrowland and Adventureland.There we did some meaningfulactivitiesfor examplewe took some wonderful photos with Disney characterswatchedall kinds of showshad lunch in a fast food restaurant and went to buy somesouvenirs in Main Street.Finallywe went to many other interesting places.In allwe stayed in Hong Kong for five days.It was a really exciting trip and we allhad a good time.

A visit to Hong Kong During National Day my parents and I went to Hong Kongin South China. It is a beautiful seaside city because there are many places ofinterest in it. At first we visited my cousins house. His house is quitedifferent from mine. It is big and clean. Each room is decorated in differentkinds of styles. Those made us feel excited. And then we visited Hong KongDisneyland. It is one of the most famous theme parks in the world and includesfour parks—Main Street USA, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland and Adventureland. Therewe did some meaningful activities, for example, we took some wonderful photoswith Disney characters, watched all kinds of shows, had lunch in a fast foodrestaurant and went to buy some souvenirs in Main Street. Finally, we went tomany other interesting places. In all we stayed in Hong Kong for five days. Itwas a really exciting trip and we all had a good time.

In my "11" holiday, the most unforgettable thing for me is to go to Beigumountain, which is known as "the best River and mountain in the world".

It was a sunny morning. There was a big fireball like sun hanging in thesky. The sun was warm and comfortable.

Entering Beigu mountain, it is more lively than I imagined. I saw the waterin the Phoenix pool singing happily, as if to say hello to us. All of a sudden,fountains gushed out, and the crystal clear water jumped playfully on my face.Next to the Phoenix pool were clusters of bright wild flowers. I saw them andthought they were very beautiful. So I bent down and picked a bunch of them. Icarefully tied them with the ribbon in my backpack. Mother said: "you look atyou, usually all day shouting to protect flowers and plants, now?" I spit out mytongue, mischievously said: "well, my fault."

I took Mom and dads hand and went to a place where a hundred flowers wereblooming and fragrant. I saw a high staircase. So we climbed to the "riverworship Pavilion" on the top of the mountain. From the pavilion, we can see thatBeigu mountain looks like a dragon with head raised, tail raised and backarched. When we are on the mountain, we have the momentum of "looking at all thesmall mountains".

Then we went to Ganlu temple, a famous scenic spot in Beigu mountain. Whenyou enter the temple, you will first see the sculptures of Wu Guotai, Sun Quan,Liu Bei, Zhao Yun and others. They are all lifelike and lifelike, representingthe historical scene of Liu Beis recruitment. Lets enter into the story of theromance of the Three Kingdoms, infatuated and marvelous.

Magnificent Beigu mountain, how many poets marvel at your style!

亲爱的游客朋友们： 大家好!

我是你们本次的导游，我叫哈柄旭。你们可以叫我小哈。我是一个活泼的人，大家不必拘束哦!那么下面我们就进行为期一天的北陵之旅吧!

北陵公园简介(1分钟)

北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地330万平方米。1643年(清崇德八年)清太宗皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓昭陵建成。1920_年，奉天省政府将清昭陵辟为公园。昭陵是沈阳名胜古迹之一，是我国古代建筑的精华，也是汉满蒙民族文化交流的典型。1982年国务院公布清昭陵为第二批全国重点文物保护单位。

方城是陵园的主体部分，结构与福陵的方城相似。北陵既有古老的传统建筑，又有现代化游园设施，置身园中，抚今追昔，令人感慨万千。它是国内外游人来沈必游之地。清昭陵内古松参天，有许多地方值得观看，像赑屃驮石碑、角楼、后山的陵墓等都是值得一去的地方。

陵墓占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

公园(10秒)

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

清昭陵正门+主体(40秒)

沈阳昭陵陵区建筑布局大致是这样的：陵区四周设有红、白、青三种颜色界桩，南北狭长，东西偏窄。陵区最南端是下马碑，其次，为华表和石狮。往北是陵寝正门——正红门，此门周围是环绕陵区的朱红围墙，又叫“风水墙”。正红门内有一条南北笔直的石路叫“神道”，神道两侧由南往北依次立有擎天柱柱一对，石狮子一对，石獬豸一对，石麒麟一对，石马一对，石骆驼一对，石象一对。这些石兽统称“石象生”。最北边是月牙城，月牙城正面有琉璃影壁，两侧有“蹬

道”可上下方城，月牙城之后是宝城、宝顶，宝顶之内为地宫。宝城之后是人工堆起的陵山——“隆业山”。另在陵寝西侧、与宝顶遥遥相对还有一组建筑叫“懿靖大贵妃、康惠淑妃园寝”，是安葬太宗众妃的莹地。除此之外，在陵寝东西两翼各三里许有陪葬墓。

总的来看，沈阳昭陵主体建筑仍保存至今，地下基础完好，规划、布局依然完整，古建筑与遗址未受后人过多的干预与改变，自然环境也基本保持原始状态，真实性与完整性程度很高。

皇太极历史(1分钟)

爱新觉罗·皇太极，即清太宗，清太祖爱新觉罗·努尔哈赤第八子。清初杰出的军事家、政治家，后金第二位大汗、清朝开国皇帝。自少年起常随父兄狩猎和征战，骑射娴熟。天命十一年(1620_年)努尔哈赤去世后，皇太极受推举袭承汗位，改次年为天聪元年。皇太极即位之后进行大刀阔斧的封建化改革，加强中央集权;在战略上定先征服朝鲜和漠南蒙古，以解除攻明后顾之忧的战略方针。对明则采纳汉族降官建议，确立讲和与自固之策，重用汉将，削弱明朝实力，志在入关夺取全国政权。[2]

崇德元年(1636年)，在盛京(今沈阳)称帝，建国号大清，并且迫使李氏朝鲜臣服于清朝。在崇德六年(1642年)的松锦大战中生俘洪承畴，自此明朝关外精锐丧失殆尽，宁锦防线彻底崩溃，清军入关已成必然之势[3]。崇德八年(1643年)，皇太极猝死于清军入关前夕，未能实现夺取全国政权的夙愿。皇太极前后在位20_年。他在位期间，发展生产，增强兵力，不断对明朝作战，为下阶段清王朝迅速扩展入主中原，打下了坚实的基础。庙号太宗，谥号应天兴国弘德彰武宽温仁圣睿孝敬敏昭定隆道显功文皇帝，葬于沈阳昭陵。死后其第九子福临即位。

皇太极和博尔济济特一个姑姑两个侄女(1分钟)

他这一生娶了十五位妻子，但博尔济济特家族的三位女性在历史上尤为显得重要。孝端文皇后(1599年05月31日-1649年05月28日)，博尔济吉特氏，名哲哲，清太宗爱新觉罗·皇太极皇后，蒙古科尔沁贝勒莽古思之女。

孝庄文皇后(1620_年-1688年)，博尔济吉特氏，名布木布泰(亦作本布泰，意为“天降贵人”)，蒙古科尔沁部(在今通辽)贝勒博尔济吉特·布和之次女，孝端文皇后之侄女。崇德三年生皇九子福临(顺治帝);崇德八年(1643年)，顺治帝即位后，与其姑孝端文皇后两宫并尊，称圣母皇太后;顺治八年(1651年)上徽号曰昭圣皇太后;康熙帝即位后尊为太皇太后;

敏惠恭和元妃(1620_年-1641年)，博尔济吉特氏，名海兰珠。生于万历三十七年，为蒙古科尔沁贝勒寨桑之女，亦孝端文皇后之侄女。天聪八年(1634

年)，时年二十六岁海兰珠入清宫。而早在天命十年(1620_年)，她年仅十三岁的妹妹布木布泰(即孝庄文皇后)就已嫁给了皇太极。崇德元年(1636年)，皇太极册封五大福晋时，封为关雎宫宸妃，为四妃之首，仅次于姑母哲哲，位次比妹妹本布泰(庄妃)高出两个等级。。海兰珠的封号和她所居宫室的名称，充分表达了皇太极对海兰珠的由衷喜爱。宸妃深受皇太极宠爱，两人感情极深。崇德二年七月初八日(1637年8月27日)，宸妃生下皇太极第八子。皇太极为此大赦，这是立太子时才会有的举措。母子最受皇太极宠爱。但此子未命名，就于崇德三年正月廿八日(1638年3月13日)逝世，不满周岁。崇德六年，宸妃逝世。

皇太极亲临松山之战前线指挥作战期间，宸妃患病，得知此事的皇太极安排好一切急忙往回赶。可惜还未赶到时，噩耗已至。此后，皇太极虽百般体贴，多方抚慰，但本就时有微恙的宸妃，又遭受丧子之痛，始终难以恢复健康。从此这位身体一直健壮的皇帝忽而昏迷，忽而减食。崇德六年(1641年)以后，皇太极因身体不好，曾发布过大赦令，也减少了处理日常事务的负担，甚至做过祈祷。崇德八年(1643年)八月初九日，皇太极猝死于盛京后宫，年52岁。

皇太极和多尔衮(40秒)

爱新觉罗·多尔衮(1620_年11月17日—1650年12月31日)，清太祖努尔哈赤第十四子，皇太极的弟弟。

天命十一年(公元1620_年)努尔哈赤驾崩，皇室中争夺皇位的行动都在秘密进行，争夺最激烈的就是多尔衮与皇太极。先帝在位时，多尔衮的母亲阿巴亥深受其宠，她自然也有让多尔衮称帝的想法。但是在当时的情况下，无论从年龄与实力来讲，多尔衮与皇太极都相差甚远，后来阿巴亥被迫殉葬，多尔衮也受到了很大的打击。在这种情形下，多尔衮完全可以把皇太极当作最大的敌人，但是多尔衮清醒的认识到自己要想活命，以后为母亲伸冤以及自己有所作为，现在就必须委屈求全，尽心尽力辅佐皇太极，得到皇太极的信任。皇太极能在众皇子中脱颖而出，除了心狠手辣，自然也有过人的胆识和能力，在防备的同时，他也重用多尔衮，把他视为自己的左右手，也化解了多尔衮心中的一部分怨恨。(皇太极死后为了大清的团结和安定，多尔衮也没有和豪格正面争夺皇位，这都是和皇太极的心计分不开的。)

皇太极死后，此时的多尔衮已有众多的支持者，他也被皇室公认为最有才能的人。多尔衮做皇帝的美梦现在又死灰复燃，多尔衮为了摸清各大臣的态度，就去询问索尼对皇位继承的意见，不料索尼一点也不给多尔衮面子，直接说：“先帝有皇子在，必立其一。”多尔衮碰了一鼻子灰走了。

多尔衮不得不重新考虑是否争夺这个皇位。并且他还面临着一个强大的对手----豪格。豪格是皇太极的长子，凭借父亲的余荫加上多年来的南征北战，豪格也立下了赫赫战功，这些条件都是他继承皇位的极有利条件。多尔衮与豪格一直关系都不是很好，如果豪格做皇帝，多尔衮肯定不愿意，如果多尔衮做皇帝豪格也不会答应。两方互不相让，谁都没有绝对的优势压倒对方。对于谁主动用武力解决都是一步险棋。多尔衮看局面僵持不下，就提议让皇太极之子福临即位，这样一提连豪格也没有话说了，所以此时多尔衮也没有称帝。多尔衮在辅佐福临的时候，虽然以“周公”自居，但实际的做法和真正的周公都相差十万八千里。他重用宗室、擅权执政、暗箱操作等等都表明多尔衮的野心一直都在。

综上所述，我们不难看出两点：其一，多尔衮一直存在称帝的美梦，但是权衡利弊，而没有盲目行动。其二，多尔衮在称帝美梦破灭的情况下，才自封“周公”，寻找心理安慰罢了。我们这里仅对多尔衮在称帝方面的事进行探讨，中肯的说，多尔衮对大清的统一仍然起了不可磨灭的作用。

结束语(15秒)

我们今天的北陵之旅就到此结束，大家可以到公园内进行散步游玩，拍照留念，下午四点准时在公园门口集合哦!祝大家玩得开心，同时也要注意安全哦!

Xining is an ancient plateau city with a history of more than 2100 years.It was called xipingting in ancient times. It was the place where Zhao Chongguo,the general of the later Han Dynasty, settled his fields, the capital ofNanliang, the throat of the Tang and fan ancient road, the main road of theSouth Silk Road, the gateway of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the Central Plains,and one of the birthplaces of Hehuang culture. It has been a bright "Pearl ofthe plateau" since ancient times Leave the most perfect scene. In 20__, Xiningreceived 14.4325 million domestic and foreign tourists, with a total tourismrevenue of 12.683 billion yuan.

The eight sceneries in Xining are the eight sceneries in ancientHuangzhong. In the old days, Xining government was called Huangzhong. The eightsceneries are the eight sceneries in and around Xining. They are: the breeze ofShixia, the dawn of Jine, the verdant of Wenfeng, the cloud of Fengtai, themoonlit night of Longchi, the spring rise of Huangliu, the waterfall of Wufengand the misty rain of Beishan. It was written by Zhang Sixian, a native ofHuangzhong in the late Qing Dynasty

Shixia breeze

Shixia Qingfeng is 15 kilometers east of Xining. Shixia, commonly known asXiaoxia, is famous for its dangerous passes in history. During the reign of theworld, it was the main road connecting the East and the West; during the chaosof the world, it was the important door separating the two places. In SongDynasty, Suiyuan pass was built to control the key area, and then Wuding passand Dean pass were built in Qing Dynasty. Xiaoxia also left a moving legend forpeople: in the past, it was surrounded by heavy mountains, and the river wasblocked. Some immortals threw stones to hit the mountains, and the hillscollapsed, and the Huangshui River was connected, forming a majestic Xiaoxia.Todays Xiaoxia, a reinforced concrete arch bridge Flying North and south, theroad is flat as a stone, pedestrians and vehicles flow ceaselessly, dangerouspass into a thoroughfare.

Golden moth in the morning

Niangniang mountain, also known as golden moth mountain, is located inDatong Hui and Tu Autonomous County. There is a Tianchi Lake on the top of themountain, and there is a commanding height on Niangniang mountain. In themorning, you can watch the sunrise on the mountain, and the sun gushes out fromthe mountains. It is said that the spectacular scene is comparable to that ofMount Tai. Niangniang mountain is famous for its deep and beautiful scenery.

Wen Feng

To mention this scenic spot is bound to mention a beautiful legend ofNanshan in Xining. It is said that people once built a loft in Nanshan, andPhoenix fell here. Local people regard it as auspicious omen. Later, peoplebuilt Kuixing Pavilion on the mountain in the hope of flourishing local literarystyle.

Fengtai Liuyun

Xining Nanshan is also called Fenghuang mountain. There is a pavilion onthe mountain, which is called Fenghuang Pavilion. In Nanliang period, FengtaiLiuyun, one of the eight ancient sceneries in Xining, became one of the mostfamous sceneries in Xining. The building complex in Nanshan, with Guandi templeas the center, was built in the eighth year of Yongle of Ming Dynasty. It is awell protected Ming building in Xining. Now the scenic spots on the mountain arenewly built after liberation. Due to the high altitude of Nanshan, Fengtai isoften shrouded in clouds and fog, forming its own scenery. [19]

Dragon pool night moon

The so-called "dragon pool" refers to a spring located in the southwest ofsujiahewan village in the western suburb of Xining. Because many temples havebeen built here, it is a place with strong fragrance in history. The templeshere were first built in the Ming Dynasty, and then they were built andabandoned again and again. In the late Qing Dynasty, they were called the "FiveDragon Palace" and once flourished.

Huangliu spring rise

Huangshui River, also known as Xining River, is an important tributary ofthe Yellow River flowing through the north of Xining city. Every spring andsummer, the ice and snow melt in the upper reaches of Huangshui River, and thewater source is sufficient. It flows to Xijiao River, Beichuan River andNanchuan River in Xining, and then flows into Huangshui River successively. As aresult, the river rises suddenly and the waves are turbulent, so it is called"spring rise of Huangshui River", which is one of the eight ancient scenic spotsin Xining. [19]

Wufeng waterfall

Wufeng waterfall is located in beigounao of Huzhu Tu Autonomous County. Itis named Wufeng mountain because the peak looks like five fingers. Wufengmountain has three wonders: forest, spring and cave. From the dragon palacespring up the stairs is Wufeng temple. Wufeng temple was built in Qianlongperiod of Qing Dynasty. It mainly includes Bodhisattva hall, Longwang Pavilion,Yuhuang palace, Xianggong building and Tongle Pavilion. Wufeng mountain is alsoa popular folk song singing resort in Qinghai, commonly known as "Huaer"festival. June 6 every year is the most beautiful season in Wufeng mountain, andthe "Huaer" festival on June 6 in Wufeng mountain is also well-known.

Misty rain in Beishan

The north mountain of Xining is also known as Tulou mountain. Tuloumountain temple was built on Tulou mountain, and temple was built on the formersite of the temple, formerly known as BeiChan temple, also known as Yongxingtemple. There are many historic sites in Beishan, including Buddhist temples,Taoist temples, brick towers, caves, murals and open-air Buddha. After theexpansion and renovation in the past dynasties, caves were chiseled between thecliffs, and "nine caves and eighteen caves" were successively distributed fromwest to East. The ningshou pagoda on the top of the North Mountain has thearchitectural style of the Tang Dynasty.

Tianmen Mountain is the highest mountain in Zhangjiajie, only 8 kilometersaway from the city. It is named after Tianmen cave, a natural wonder. TianmenMountain, formerly known as Songliang mountain, also known as Yunmeng Mountainand fanghu mountain, is the first famous mountain in Zhangjiajies history. Itsmain peak is 1518.6 meters. It was approved as a National Forest Park in July1992.

Jinggangshan was the territory of Luling County in Jiujiang group since QinDynasty established Qun county system in 221 B.C., but the development of Cipingwas after 668 A.D., and the village of xiaowujing was built after 1644 A.D.,which belongs to Yongxin County and Longquan county (now Zhuchuan county). Itwas not until 1928, during the period of Jinggangshan struggle, that anindependent administrative system was set up here. Jinggangshan AdministrationBureau of Jiangxi Province was established in 1955 and changed to JinggangshanCity in 1984.

(Tianzi Pavilion) friends, before you go upstairs, you might as well readthe Tianzi Pavilion Fu at the gate. Attention, Mr. Guan Shanyue, the master ofvertical painting on this plaque, wrote this inscription. On May 20, 1998, Mr.Guan Shanyue, who was over 90 years old, boarded the emperors pavilion. He wasthinking of flying over the pavilion, smiling and writing for the pavilionhappily. Later, he made a long scroll map of Zhangjiajie, which was launched inHong Kong and caused a sensation in Hong Kong. Some people say that GuanShanyues artistic brilliance in her later years was completed inZhangjiajie.

欢迎大家来太原旅游!在游览太原的景点名胜之前，我先给大家介绍一下今天的太原和历史上的太原。

太原作为山西省省会，是全省的政治、经济、文化、教育中心和交通枢纽。太原市位于山西中部，辖3县1市6区，总面积约7000平方公里，其中城区168平方公里;总人口约280万，其中市区人口160多万。太原东、西、北三面环山，黄河的第二大支流汾河由北而南穿城流过，把市区劈为两半。而5座风格迥异的大桥又将东西两岸紧紧连在一起。市内高楼商厦比肩耸立，绿地公园散落有致，草坪树带随街延伸，尽显壮观的现代都市气派。顺便告诉大家，太原的街道极为规范，凡南北走向皆称路，如建设路、五一路、并州路、解放路、平阳路、新建路、桃园路、滨河路;凡东西走向均叫街，如迎泽大街、府东府西街、双塔东西街、胜利街、西矿街、学府街。使行人倍感方便，断无迷失方向之忧。城周四郊，绿野平畴河渠交错，地肥水美物产丰饶。清徐葡萄、晋祠大米、老陈醋都是四海享誉的名产。晋祠、天龙山、崛围咽山等景观雄奇壮丽，各具风采。因此，古来就有“锦绣太原城”的美誉。

太原是一座具有2400多年历史的古城。传说太原这块地方属于尧帝的子孙所受封的唐国，所以西周初年周成王封其弟姬虞于唐，便称唐叔虞。到唐叔虞的儿子这一代，改国号为晋。但当时晋国的中心在今天的晋南冀城一带，直到公元前6世纪初晋国的势力才扩展到太原一带。太原古称晋阳，奠基于春秋末期。大约在公元前5世纪初，晋国卿赵简子的家臣董安于和尹择在晋水之北筑城，取名晋阳，其位置约当今天太原市晋源镇的古城营村。赵氏家族以晋阳为据点积蓄势力，奠定霸业。

公元前453年，掌握晋国大权的智伯联合韩、魏攻打赵襄子。赵凭借晋阳高城深池固守，使智氏难以得手。智伯急中生智，发现晋水从龙山那边流来绕城而过，便想出水攻之计，遂掘渠引晋水欲灌晋阳，这便是晋桐智伯渠的来历。赵襄子用唇亡齿寒的道理说服韩、魏，里应外合，共灭智氏，瓜分其地。至此，晋国之地悉为赵、韩、魏三卿所占，史称“三家分晋”，因有“三晋”之说。到公元前4__年，周天子正式承认赵、韩、魏三者的诸侯国地位，成为战国七雄中的三强，而赵国的都城就是晋阳。晋阳作为赵国首都历17年，公元前386年赵迁都河北邯郸。但赵氏在晋阳的基业已逾百年。

战国后期，秦国屡败赵国，随之在晋阳一带置太原郡，治所设在晋阳。需要说明的是，太原本义为广阔的平原，战国之前泛指汾河流域的平原地带，秦置太原郡之后，太原作为行政名称固定下来。从此，太原即指古之晋阳，晋阳亦指今之太原，二者通用。

汉朝太原为北方重镇，汉武帝元封五年(公元前1__年)在晋阳置并州刺使部，统领太原、上党等六郡。从此太原又称并州。并州之名可能源于太原位于东西两道山脉之间，两山平行谓之并。

西晋末年，并州刺使刘琨为了防御匈奴的侵袭，扩筑晋阳城，使之成为城墙高13米，周长14公里的大城市。东晋南北朝时期，社会大乱，太原先后被后赵、前燕、前秦、西燕、后燕交替攻占。直到公元396年，北魏40万大军攻人晋阳，复置太原郡，古城才得到较长时间的休养生息，并且成为北魏南下河南、东出河北的重要基地。

北魏权臣高欢于532年在太原设大丞相府，并营造了规模宏大的晋阳宫，太原被称为“别都”。高欢之子高洋取代北魏建北齐后，虽定都于邮城(河北临漳)，但对其发迹之地太原进行了大规模的修建。在27年间建起大明宫，兴修12院，其辉煌壮丽程度远远超过首都邮城。高洋还在太原西山凿佛龛、雕佛像、建佛寺，在晋水源头修鱼沼飞梁。太原面貌为之一新。

太原的黄金时代是隋唐两朝。隋场帝杨广在即位前被封晋王，视太原为“发样之地”，称帝后在太原大兴土木。先在北齐晋阳宫外筑起高13米、周3.5公里的新城，后又在新城西边筑起高13米、周4公里的仓城，接着又建造了第二座晋阳宫。在此同时，隋场帝还征调数十万民工开山筑路，修成由太原到京师长安和宁武管涔山避暑行辕汾阳宫的两条驰道，太原的交通更加方便。

隋朝短暂，很快被唐朝取代。而兴唐的李渊父子便是从太原开基立业的。唐高祖李渊曾长期任隋朝的山西河东抚尉使、太原留守等职。唐太宗李世民的青年时期也是在太原度过，被人称为“太原公子”。在隋末天下大乱之际，李渊父子于公元617年誓师晋阳，当年11月便攻人长安，建立唐王朝。太原这段特殊历史使它拥有仅次于长安的重要地位。先被定为“北都”，后又改名“北京”，最后又恢复为“北都”。太原城也随之大大扩展。据新旧《唐书》记载，唐代晋阳已经成为横跨汾河两岸、由三座城池联接组成的大都市。西城在汾水西岸，也称府城或州城，高13米，周长21公里，内里包括宫城、大明城、新城、仓城四座小城，把北齐和隋代的宫殿全部囊括进来。东城在汾河东岸，为贞观名臣李副主持修筑。因东城内井水苦涩，难以饮用，又修筑了引水工程“晋渠”，将晋水从西城外架槽引入东城。东西两城之间，跨汾河又有一座“跨水联谍”的中城，把东西两城连为一体，故又称“连城”，是则天武后时并州长史崔神庆主持兴建。晋阳三城，虽各有城池，又浑然一体，共有城门24道，进退攻守彼此呼应，互为依托，风格独特。

唐末五代天下由治而乱，名城晋阳也几易其主。先是后唐的“西京”，随后继为后晋、后汉、北汉的“国都”，这里的动静治乱直接影响到北国与中原。从北齐高洋父子，隋朝杨广，唐朝李渊父子，到五代三主(后唐李存勖、后晋石敬塘、后汉刘知远)及北汉的刘祟，这一个个所谓“真龙天子”都是从太原起家夺取天下。太原可以说是藏“龙”卧“虎”之地，故又有“龙城”之称。

晋阳城易守难攻。宋王朝建立已数十年，但晋阳仍在北汉刘氏手中，直到太平兴国四年(公元979年)第二代天子宋太宗赵光义“御驾亲征”，围城攻打近半年，北汉主刘继元出城投降，宋朝才算攻取晋阳。宋太宗一则仇视晋阳军民的顽强抵抗，二则惧怕别人再踞晋阳成“龙”，便下令焚毁晋阳城，并引汾水、晋水淹灌废墟，进而使历时1400多年的晋阳古城毁于水火。流离失所的城中百姓纷纷外迁，其中不少人移居汾河东岸的唐明镇。

太原毕竟是北方战略要地，毁掉旧城之后必须再建新城。公元982年，焚灌晋阳后不到三年，宋朝大将潘美便奉旨扩展唐明镇，筑起周围10多里的土城，这便是现在太原城区雏型，太原由此进入一个新的发展阶段。宋朝统治者避讳“晋阳”、“太原”旧名，便在这座扩大后的土城设置了阳曲县，从此太原又有“阳曲”之称。需要说明的是，赵光义为斩断“龙脉”，杜绝太原再出真龙天子与其争夺江山，就把太原的街道大都设计成“丁”字形，取“钉”之谐音，以钉死龙脉。如今太原仍有一些丁字街口。新建的太原发展很快，到宋代中期，太原又成为一座商贸发达、风光秀丽的北方名城，被誉为“锦绣太原城”。

宋朝后期及金元两代，北方又是乱世，太原城又遭战火之劫。明朝洪武元年(公元1368年)朱元漳的北伐军进入太原时，这里已是一座人烟罕见的空城了。洪武三年(公元1371年)，明太祖朱元漳封他的三儿子朱?为晋王，坐镇全国九边重镇之首的太原，经略北边防务。朱?命永平侯谢成扩建城池，谢成在宋城基础上向东南北三面扩展，建成周12公里、高12米的砖城，城上建4座角楼、8座门楼、92座敌楼。至今太原许多地名仍沿用当时城门名，如大南门、小东门、大北门、旱西门等。清代以太原为山西省会。民国时期始设太原市(1927年)。到1949年解放前夕，太原城区面积为30平方公里，人口20余万。解放后近半个世纪，太原得到了长足发展，成为拥有160万市民的大都市，而且是全国重要的能源重化工基地，在祖国的现代化建设中发挥着越来越大的作用。

太原作为北方的政治、经济、军事、文化重镇，历史上名家辈出。春秋时代有著名建筑家董安于，行侠好义的豫让;魏晋时期有史学家王沈、王助，文学家孙绰;唐代有著名诗人王之涣、王翰、王昌龄、白居易;宋代有书画家米芾;金代名诗人李汾，元代戏曲家乔吉，明代文学家罗贯中，清代著名学者傅青主、阎若琚等，均对中华文化的繁荣作出了贡献。在漫长的发展过程中，太原积淀了丰富的文化遗产，保存至今的如晋祠古建筑群，天龙山及龙山石窟雕像，祟善寺、双塔寺、净因寺、多福寺、文庙、纯阳宫等，均具有很高的欣赏和研究价值，为我们提供了一个个理想的旅游场景。

国家首批“信得过”景区——国家aaaa级旅游景区——北海老城是北海城市的发源地，总面积0.4平方公里。始建于1820_年，全长1.27公里，宽9米，被国内外专家学者誉为“近代建筑年鉴”。

这条街最大的特点是“建筑风格中西合璧，文化生活中西融合”。主要景点有东安马头、_礼拜堂、三皇庙、丸一药房、街渡口、治安告示碑、摇水井、永济隆、双水井、单水井、北海海关大楼旧址、大清邮政北海分局、宜仙楼、电报局旧址、房产界碑等，特别是北海老城历史文化馆、北海坭兴陶馆、北海明清木雕馆、北海水彩画馆等展馆浓缩了北海老城历史文化的精华，展示了独具魅力的老城文化底蕴。

北海老城国家4a级景区旗下北海老城历史文化馆位于珠海中路102号，该馆在梳理北海老城的历史脉络中，重现老城昔日繁华景象，展示老城独具特色的历史遗存，深度挖掘老城的精神文化内涵，展示出一种缘海而生、伴海而兴、中西合璧的滨海古城历史文化底蕴。通过高科技多媒体、场景复原、实物等的穿插展示，以时间为横坐标，历史事件为纵坐标，以事带物，以物带人，将整个老城的发展历程完整的铺陈开来。

北海老城国家4a级景区旗下北海水彩画馆位于珠海东路181号，该馆由老街保存最为完好的岭南骑楼建筑风格的民居改建而成，重点介绍代表北海画派的十一名画家：蔡道东、张国权、张国楠、刘少华、张虹、包建群、吴明珠、吴志刚、黄小其、张济良、张斌等的个人精品展。

北海老城国家4a级景区旗下北海坭兴陶馆位于珠海中路20号，主要展示许维基先生所收藏的清代至民国时期的坭兴陶藏品，辅以13位坭兴陶大师的个人精品展，可堪称“全国独一无二”。

北海老城国家4a级景区旗下北海明清木雕馆位于珠海中路10号，馆内展品来自澳大利亚籍华人收藏家巫海先生藏品，主要陈列明清时期北部湾地区古民居中的建筑木雕及民用家具，这些展品主要采用了浮雕、透雕、圆雕等雕刻手法，展品雕工精湛，形象生动，是北部湾地区收藏古建筑木雕中数量最多、品种最齐全的展馆之一。

大家好，我是来自浙江省丽水市缙云县某某旅行社的导游。欢迎你们来到我们美丽的缙云，来到国家级重点风景名胜区——仙都。缙云县地处浙江省中南部，为全国生态示范区，面积1503 平方公里，人口43 万。 仙都自然风光得天独厚，历史文化源远流长，为国家首批AAAA级旅游区、国家重点文物保护单位、全国 摄影创作基地。 “好山好水、仙境”，我将和大家一起在仙都度过非常美好的时光。在这里，大家可以经历一次返朴归真的回归自然游，可以看仙都山的奇峰异石，可以观大洋山的日出、云海、竹海、花海，可以淌九曲练溪的清泉碧水;在这里，大家可以经历一次历史文化之旅，可以探寻轩辕黄帝的踪迹，可以领略灿烂的本土宗教文化，可以赏千年古村落——河阳古民居，可以访净土宗、天台宗名刹，可以品唐宋时期的摩崖石刻;在这里，大家可以进行一次科学考察之旅，可以看古老的火山地质地貌，可以访变幻莫测的气象景观，可以观各种绿色蔬菜、水果等生态农业基地;在这里，大家可以经历一次悠闲的度假游，可以在密林深处野营野炊，可以在凉爽的山林避暑，可以尝鲜美的好溪鱼、土面、麻鸭、烧饼、菌菇等地方风味

相信我们的仙都之旅一定是精彩生动、令人难忘!相信我们大家都会真正体验到“游遍名山走大川，仙都 归来都是仙。”的美好感觉。 第二节 缙云仙都概况缙云县

位居浙江省中南部，以境内“缙云山”而得名，周边与永康、磐安、仙居、永嘉、青田、丽水、 武义等县市相邻，总面积1503 平方公里，总人口43万。县城五云镇西距丽水市38 公里，北距杭州市260 公里。全县地势东南部峰峦叠嶂，溪涧纵横，大洋山主峰1500.6 米，为括苍山脉最高峰;西北面多系低山丘陵，为缙云的主产粮区。缙云地处中亚热带气候区，四季分明，温暖湿润，日照充足。县域森林覆盖率 75%，为国家生态示范区。缙云历史悠久，早在新石器时代就有人类活动，有文字可考的历史将近20__ 年，相传为古缙云墟和三 天子都，自唐建县，至今已有1300多年。近年来，缙云县大力实施“开放兴县、工业强县、生态立县”的 发展战略，社会经济呈现了新的跨越式发展态势。农业以蚕桑、茶叶、香菇、水果、中药材，用材林、高山蔬菜、笋竹两用林、禽畜养殖、淡水养殖等为主导产业。缙云麻鸭是全国最大生产基地，为“中国麻鸭 之乡”，全县4 万多鸭农分布于上海、广东、广西、北京等30多个省市。工业以五金、机械、铸造、灯管、 纺织、制鞋、化工、造纸、矿产、建材、电子仪表、摩托车配件、食品饮料、竹木工艺品等门类为主导，特别是缝纫机、环形灯管、金属带锯床已成为全国最大的生产加工基地，产量分别占全国的28%、60%、70% 强。仙都，古称缙云山，是一处以峰岩奇绝，山水神秀为特色，融田园风光与人文史迹为一体，以观光、休闲、度假、科普为主的国家重点风景名胜区、国家首批AAAA级旅游区和国家重点文物保护单位。整个风 景名胜区由仙都、黄龙、岩门、大洋山四个景区及鼎湖峰、倪翁洞、小赤壁、芙蓉峡、黄帝祠宇等300 多个景点组成，总面积166 平方公里。境内九曲练溪、十里画廊;山水飘逸、云雾缭绕;田园风光、野趣盎然，人文荟萃、古迹满目。鼎湖峰是仙都景区标志性景观，它状如春笋，高170.8 米，拔地而起，直刺云天，从不同角度观赏有“天下第一笋”、“天下第一石”、“天下第一指”之美誉，唐白居易有诗赞曰：“黄帝旌旗去不回，片云孤石独崔嵬;有时风激鼎湖浪，散作晴天雨点来。” 仙都早在春秋战国时期就与黄山、庐山等列为轩辕黄帝的三大行宫——三天子都，自唐以来就有官方祭祀始祖黄帝的传说。缙云黄帝文化源远流长，博大精深，是中国南方黄帝文化的辐射中心。据元朝《仙都志》记载，唐天宝七年六月八日，在缙云山鼎湖峰周围五彩祥云缭绕、鸾鹤飞舞、山呼“万岁”。缙云郡太守苗奉倩将此上奏朝廷，唐明皇李隆基听后大悦，叹道：“真乃仙人荟萃之都也!”并赐御书“仙都”两字。从此，缙云山亦称仙都山。景区内的黄帝祠宇，始建于东晋，与陕西黄帝陵遥相呼应，有“北陵南 祠”之称，是中国南方祭祀黄帝的主要场所。仙都道教兴盛佛教发达。道教典籍称仙都为玄都祈仙洞天，属三十六小洞天之二十九，为我国古代道 教活动中心。自东晋时期开始先

后有葛玄、葛洪、陆修静、孙游岳、陶弘景、周景复、刘处静、闾丘方远、 杜光庭、许石昔等道教宗师在仙都辟谷养气，修真传教。三国孙权时期，就有僧人在缙云建寺院，历朝历 代延至今日仍有寺院20多座。其中黄龙寺、栖真寺、九松寺、南宫寺、清福寺、永安寺、广慈寺、福昌寺、地藏庵等规模较大，名僧多，香火盛。在中国佛教史上，缙云仙都出了两位大师，一是唐代天台宗六祖智 威禅师，二是唐代净土宗师五祖少康大师。秀丽的山川、神奇的传说，数千年来不但陶冶了勤劳好客的仙都儿女，而且也吸引了历代文宗巨匠。谢灵运、王羲之、李白、白居易、沈括、朱熹、范成大、王十朋、汤显祖、徐霞客、陈子龙、朱彝尊、袁枚、郭沫若、茅盾、沙孟海等都在仙都留下了足迹和诗篇，上世纪五十年代以来，海燕、江南、上海、长春、北京、浙江等电视制片厂及众多的电视剧制作公司，在仙都拍摄了《阿诗玛》、《漂泊奇遇》、《凤凰之歌》、《八仙的传说》、《杨门女将》、《绝代双骄》、《天龙八部》、《汉武大帝》等近百部影视 作品，著名电影艺术家赵丹曾说：“仙都是一个天然的摄影棚”。仙都有山皆绿、有水皆碧，美在自然，真在纯朴。可以开展返朴归真、回归自然游，寻根问祖、朝拜先圣游，好溪竹筏漂流游，高山观日出、云海花海游，火山地质科普游，珍稀动植物考察游，野营野炊游， 攀岩探险游，度假休闲游，影视星空博览游等。总之，

丰富多彩、神秘迷人的仙都之旅，定能使你留连忘 返，终生难忘。 第三节 沿途导游词五云镇→黄龙路→香溢大酒店→仙都啤酒厂→婆媳岩→仙都度假村→仙都风景区 朋友们，现在我们车子所处的位置就是缙云县的政治、经济、文化中心——五云镇。它位于仙都主景区的西南部，古称缙云墟，后来人们用黄帝五位辅政大臣代表的黄、青、黑、白、缙五色祥云来命名这个古镇。五云镇风景优美，一条好溪如白练般从东北潺潺流入，四周青山绿树围绕，明代陈子龙称赞它为：“烟火传深谷，何年聚邑城。悬崖开小市，垒石置疑城。草木云中见，溪山雨后明。仙都青霭断，回首却忘情。”值得一提的是诗中的“溪”就是好溪，“垒石置疑城”说的是古代缙云人们喜好用条石来建筑房子，故又称“石城”，尤其是五云镇老城街道两边都是石头房子，颇具江南小镇的鲜明特色。我们现在所走的大道叫“黄龙路”，是缙云县城的“长安街”，县行政中心、审批中心、会议中心、法院、检察院等均在这条街上，街景绿化带秀丽，广场气派。前面香溢大酒店，是一家四星级酒店，由烟 草公司投资建设。是目前缙云接待海内外嘉宾的最高档次饭店，年入住率达70%以上。接下去我们就要出 发前往仙都景区了，通过大转盘，大家请看右边，这是缙云的仙都啤酒厂，仙都啤酒是浙江省的著名啤酒，曾被评为“浙江省消费者最喜爱产品”、“全国供销社名牌产品”、“浙江省著名商标”、“浙江名牌产 品”等

The humble administrators garden in suzhou in jiangsu Lou door. Is one of the four great ancient gardens in suzhou. Early as the tang dynasty poet Liu Guimeng house, yuan for the macro temple. MingZhengDe years with empire Wang Xianchen resign home, buy temple, transformed into home garden, pan yue, and borrow the jin dynasty "heir ju fu" : "...... and this is compensated with the force of the government "semantics, take" compensated "2 words for YuanMing. In 1860 ~ 1863 was part of the taiping heavenly kingdom zhong wang fu. Opening to the outside world in 1954.

Humble administrators garden, garden, east park, west park in three parts.

East park and mountain pool, adorned with Shu incense pavilion, LanXueTang construction, etc. Western water circuitous, compact layout, mountain built pavilions, main architecture of the mandarin duck hall was the garden owner treating guests and listen to music, display hall. Sunny day by indoor looking at outside through the blue glass window scenery is like a piece of snow. Garden "sit with who xuan" is fan pavilion, sector on both sides of the real open two fan empty window on the wall, one of the "mandarin duck hall", and then the window and just reflected in the aspects of mountain Dai li kiosks, into the mountain, and dai li pavilion of exactly match into a complete fan. "Sit with who, the bright moon, the wind, I", so the sight of plaques, will think of su dongpo, and immediately felt here can enjoy the water of the month, is affected by the wind of the great.

In the humble administrators garden is the best part of the overall layout for the center with pool, pavilions are built by the water, some TingXie is straight out of the water, has the characteristic of jiangnan. Body building hong tong in south bank pool, on the other side of the pool and observe things two mountain island, the water clear, broad mind lotus, tree-lined everywhere on the island, mountain water bank vines mixed and disorganized, two mountain valleys panel has a little bridge, mountain to build a pavilion on the island, west of snow YunWeiTing, east to be frost pavilion, the four seasons scenery because of time inconsistency. Far to the west of hong tongs "lean on jade xuan" with the west ship matter form "xiangzhou", is relatively and both its northern "Dutch wind all pavilion" into the potential of the tripartite confrontation, can with the potential of the reward. Lean on jade porch west of a southern song deep water bay in the house, there are three ShuiGe "small" blue waves, the north of it covered Bridges "small flying" disjunctive space, form a quiet water, and xiangzhou bay is located in the monohydrate on both sides of the mouth. The layout of the humble administrators garden in the garden on lotus pond, far hong tong as its main body construction, two islands as its main feature in the pool, and other buildings are mostly over the water surface To far hong tong, from the point of building name, is mostly related to the lotus. Wang Xianchen are touted to lotus, mainly to express his exclusive group of noble character. This garden is given priority to with water, the water accounts for three 5 of buildings by the water, keep the clear and the landscape of of primitive simplicity style of Ming dynasty, is the representative works of the jiangnan gardens in our country. On December 4, 1997, included in the "world heritage list".

各位女士们先生们，大家好!

我是__旅游团的导游，大家能够叫我小赵。我将带领大家去一个美丽，壮观的华山。

华山是我国著名的五岳之首之一，海拔2154·9米，位于陕西省西安以东120公里历史文化故地渭南市的华阳市境内，北临坦荡的渭河平原和咆哮的黄河，南依秦岭，是秦岭支脉分水脊的北侧的一座花岗岩。凭藉大自然风云变化的装扮，华山的千姿万态被有神有色的勾画出来，是国家级风景名胜区。

“大家赶上队伍。华山向以险要而闻名于天下，其之陡险位居五岳之首。常言道：“自古华山一条路”。一路行过，必经千尺幢、百尺峡、老君犁沟、上天梯、苍龙岭等绝险要道。

大家看这个，这个就是华山松。华山松，雄球花黄色，基部围有数枚卵状匙形鳞片……树干可割取树脂;树皮可提取栲胶;针叶可提炼芳香油;种子可食用也可榨油。

期望大家能度的过愉快的一天!下次我再和大家一齐旅游!