旅游导游词英语优秀20篇

在张家口市区西部群山之中，有一座山峰叫赐儿山，山峰秀丽，风景如画。在山腰深处有古云泉寺，它建于明洪武二十六年(公元 1393 年)，至今已有 600 余年。所以叫云泉寺，是取 " 白云深处有清泉 " 之意。它是佛、道建在一处的寺庙。上部为道，下部为佛。寺 内有子孙娘娘殿，旧时每逢农历四月初八庙会，来此登山焚香祈求 " 赐儿 " 的人络绎不绝。故称此山为 " 赐儿山 " 。

远望赐儿山，峭壁如削，万木峥嵘，亭台楼阁，参差错落。若登山而上沿路 铺设台阶路面，陡削路段则安装扶手栏杆，拾级而上即可达云泉寺。蜿蜒山路有三道平台，第一道平台有六角亭一座，有大雄宝殿和南大殿;第二道为望亭;第三道是云泉寺山门，山门也称天王殿。山门之外原 有教稼亭，壁上有民间巧匠画的五谷之神后稷，教人不忘耕稼。稍上是教化堂，壁上画有伏义轩辕，意在告诫后人勤于劳作，时时不忘自己为炎黄子孙。山门前有石狮镇守，旗杆矗立。山门内侧是龙王殿、真武 殿、藏经殿中释迦佛祖合掌闭目，南海观音挥洒拂尘，造型生动，栩栩如生。

在寺院中部，有古柳二株盘抱而生，高 12 - 13 米 ，粗 30 - 40 围，相传为明代所栽。奇怪的是向东横卧的 1 株 主干中空，腹内长出 1 株松树，柳丝袅娜，松枝苍劲，形伴影随，相映成趣。现柳树仍枝茂叶盛，属重点 古柳名木之一。在西边峭壁上曾生出 1 株榆树，高约 13 米 ，粗 20 围，相传为元代所植，已枯死，过去曾有 " 元榆明柳 " 之称。 尤为奇观的是寺的西崖下，排列三个古洞，仅距咫尺，景观迥异。右为水洞，洞中泉水清清，数九隆冬也不结冰。左为冰洞，洞口楹联曰： " 灵液供丹灶，清心照玉壶 " ，洞内 四季结冰，晶莹剔透，即使炎炎夏日也不融化。有诗曰： " 傍山冬日液，侧水夏天凝 " ，就是冰水二洞奇景的写照。中间是风洞，一年四季冷风嗖嗖，有物置于洞口，即被疾风吸入。相传曾有一名儿童向里 探头被风吸入，现洞口已被封闭。

沿山路迤逦而上有 " 万松 ?quot; ，再上有 " 矗霄亭 " ，翼然临于绝顶，登山鸟瞰，张家口市 区尽收眼底。赐儿山云泉寺的山水景观，吸引了众多的佳宾 游客，令游览者惊叹不已。峭壁上，留下不少游人、名士的诗句和题刻。相传， 1923 年冬，康有为偕弟子陈重远从吴中来张家口，前往赐儿山云泉寺游览，深为 " 山川缟素、天地一白 " 而感叹，遂作《雾雪登云泉寺》，诗曰： " 山县关城早，天寒日暮愁。夕晖千白雪，吾爱云泉寺。日出松石上，诗清情复幽。后人今不见，应共忆斯游。 " 康有为游兴 犹浓，便沿石磴道登上山巅，俯视张家口全景，吟出 " 行行积雪里，渐入浮云端;前路青天近，冷冷诗骨寒 " 的诗句。在游了西山崖下的风洞、水洞和冰洞之后，又挥毫写下 " 崖石青天里，悬洞堪称奇。仙人原有宅，醉语也成诗。凝静听崩雪，山空闻折枝。平明出谷口，险尽尚惊疑。

关于 " 赐儿山 " 这名字的来历，还有一段传奇故事呢。传说 500 多年前，有一对夫妇，结婚多年未能生育，很是着急。这年的四月初八，夫妇二人来到张家口西郊的这座山脚下，焚竺祈祷，求助天神地神。正当他们一遍又一遍地诉说自己的求子之心时，突然从山腰石缝间走出一个白发飘飘的老人。老人来到他们面前，没有说话，从怀里取出个泥捏的娃娃，送给他们，然后就无影无踪了。第二年，这对夫妇便喜得贵子。他们真有说不出的高兴。这件事很快传开，塞外山村远近百里祈儿求女的人，每年四月初八，都到西山脚下烧香求子。于是，人们便把西山，称为 “ 赐儿山 ” 了。 现在，在山的半山腰还有一座 580 多年前建造的古刹--云泉寺，寺内有一个佛龛，圆形的门上画着一幅引人入胜的五彩图画， 画面中央是一个笑眯眯的大肚佛，佛像四周烟云缭绕，云雾中布满了一个个白白胖胖的幼儿。相传这里就是当年那位白发飘飘的老人的住地，人称 “ 赐儿大仙 ” 。

朋友，眼前看到的这股清泉，穿石而过，形成九口一串的天然水井。一井汲水，九井波动，饶有情趣，这就是所谓的九星泉。大家抬头看，上面有一块岩石，岩因泉名，又叫九井岩。

我们沿着九井岩前的山路继续前行，但见石关、石垣横立，这就是南宋时崇安五夫名人刘衡、刘甫父子屯兵的地方，故名刘官寨。刘官寨北面石壁皑皑，长数十米，名为白崖。宋代崇安高士赵泌涟兄弟曾隐居此处。白崖南面，与三仰峰相连的俗称长岭，为古时候崇安、邵武的交通要道。南面田庐当中有一个洞，犹如世外桃源，唐末扣冰和尚曾隐居洞中。

朋友们，请大家抬头看，在白崖附近有一座山峰，四周松竹苍翠，环境清丽，像一朵盛开的莲花，故名莲花峰。上面一排排岩洞，就是武夷山红层地貌中典型的层面岩洞。岩洞中有一个莲花寺，山高路险，崎岖难行，很少有人能爬上去。

继续往前走，前面这座山叫做龙峰岩。龙峰岩是武夷山北部最大的一座峰峦。这块巨石如舌头上翘，叫做龙舌。路窄难行，悬崖峭壁，大家要走好。龙舌上面是龙头，翻上龙头，就走到龙脊，这里古木参天，修竹青翠。小路的尽头是几间就崖叠架的房子，幽雅别致，这是神仙居住的好地方。在座的是否有人愿意留下来修炼成仙?

从龙峰岩往西走几里路，有一座隐藏在绿树丛中的山岩，名叫碧石岩。岩上有一座建筑精巧的寺院，很破旧，但门额上“碧石精舍”四个字，仍清晰可见。

朋友，今天我们在武夷山北部的游览就全部结束了，谢谢大家的配合!

Erhai Lake, once known as yeyuze, kunmichuan, Xierhe and Xierhe in ancientliterature, is located in the northwest of Dali City, Yunnan Province. It is thesecond largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province and the seventh largestfreshwater lake in China. Erhai Lake starts from Eryuan in the north, with alength of about 42.58 km. The only outlet of Erhai Lake is near Xiaguan town andflows out through Xier river.

Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake depend on each other. Erhai Lake is one ofthe four scenic spots in Dali. It is said that it is named Erhai Lake because itlooks like an ear. Erhai Lake has excellent water quality and rich aquaticresources. At the same time, it is also a scenic spot with beautifulscenery.

The scenery of Erhai Lake is changeable and colorful. In the early morning,the mist is light, the lake is confused, the smoke is endless, waiting for thesunrise in the east to open the veil, revealing the beautiful face; the risingsun, the rising sun, the golden waves, the fishing boat sail. As the sun sets inthe west, the afterglow falls, the boat returns to the shore, and the fishingsongs sing late. On a moonlit night, the water is still, the wind is light, theshadow of the moon is shining, and the waves are lapping on the shore. "Nightmoon in Erhai Lake" has become one of the four wonders of Dali, "Shangguan wind,Xiaguan flower, Cangshan snow and Erhai Lake moon". Whats more strange is thatdue to the strong wind in Shangguan, the water waves of the Xier River areblown back. Originally, Erhai Lake flows out of the Xier River, but it lookslike the Xier river flows into Erhai Lake.

Erhai Lake is a fault subsided lake with clear water and high transparency,which has been called "flawless jade among mountains" since ancient times. It issaid that there is a huge jade cabbage growing on the bottom of the sea. Thegreen water of the lake is the jade liquid pouring out from the bottom of thejade cabbages heart. A boat tour of Erhai Lake

Although this is an old-fashioned link, Dali is flexible because of thewater, so Erhai Lake has almost become one of the scenic spots that cant bemissed.

Step 1: take the No.8 bus to yuer road and buy the ticket from any ticketcenter. Or you dont have to go to the ticket center. There will be persistentlocal people on the road. Ticket sellers will stop you to buy tickets. If theprice is almost the same, just buy one. The price is about 140 yuan, usually80-100 yuan in non peak season.

Step 2: buy some water and snacks for the cruise.

Step three: get on board. The ship will be dispatched at different times.Tour route: xiaoputuo Nanzhao style island. In fact, its not very interestingto be on the island. Its a serious business to blow the wind on the Erhaisea.

Step four: disembark. The place to get off the ship is not Dali port.Generally, you get off at Taoyuan wharf and go back to Dali ancient city at 10yuan per person. You can also take a taxi here to the next scenic spot. Such asthe Three Pagodas of Chongsheng temple.

Yulong Snow Mountain is located in Baisha Township, 15km north of YulongCounty. Its main peak is fan steep, with an altitude of about 5596m. It is thelowest latitude and the highest altitude peak in the northern hemisphere. It islocated in the northwest of Lijiang in Yunnan Province of China, with anorth-south trend. It is about 13 kilometers wide from east to west and 35kilometers long from north to south. It faces the Haba snow mountain and thesurging Jinsha River rushes through it. The 13 peaks and peaks of the mountainare covered with snow all the year round. Like a vigorous jade dragon lying onthe top of the mountain, it has the potential to jump into the Jinsha River, soit is called "Jade Dragon Snow Mountain".

Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang has been a magnificent Snow Mountain sinceancient times. In the era of Yimou Xun in Nanzhao kingdom of Tang Dynasty, YimouXun, the leader of Nanzhao Kingdom, granted Yulong Snow Mountain as Beiyue. Upto now, Beiyue temple in Baisha village still exists, with deep courtyard andbright Buddha face. There are many pilgrims to the mountains.

Yulong Snow Mountain is the sacred mountain in Naxi peoples heart and theembodiment of "three gods".

Yulong Snow Mountain is rich in plant resources. From the Jinshajiang RiverValley at an altitude of 1800 meters to the permanent snow belt at an altitudeof more than 4500 meters, there are a variety of climates from subtropical zoneto frigid zone, and a variety of plants grow at different heights of themountain according to different climatic zones, forming a very obvious andcomplete zonal spectrum of mountain plants. It is the epitome of HengduanMountain flora in Northwest Yunnan.

Yulong Snow Mountain is one of the first national key scenic spots andprovincial nature reserves.

Yulong Snow Mountain has important tourism value and natural scienceresearch value, especially in meteorology, geology, animals and plants. YulongSnow Mountain is a treasure house of plants, many plants have precious medicinalvalue. Yulong Snow Mountain is still a virgin peak, waiting for brave climbersto conquer it.

In 1988, Yulong Snow Mountain, in the name of Yulong Snow Mountain scenicspot in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, was approved by the State Council to be listedin the second batch of national scenic spots. On May 8, 20__, Yulong SnowMountain scenic spot in Lijiang City was officially approved as a national 5Ascenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Yulong Snow Mountain is famous for its danger, wonder, beauty and beauty.It is magnificent and exquisite. With the change of seasons and climate,sometimes the clouds are shining, sometimes the jade dragon is disappearing,sometimes the sky is cloudless, and the peaks are shining. Mu Zhengyuan, a Naxischolar in the Qing Dynasty, has vividly summed up 12 scenes of Yulong, namely:three spring smoke cages, cloud belts in June, dawn before dawn, sunset afterdusk, five colors of clear and rosy clouds, double glow of the moon at night,dazzling green snow peaks and silver lights, reflection of Yuhu lake, cloud ofdragon early life, golden water Bi flow, and white spring jade liquid. Thelandscape of Yulong Snow Mountain can be roughly divided into mountain and snowscenery, spring pool water scenery, forest scenery, meadow scenery, etc. themain scenic spots are jade pillar, yunshanping, snow mountain cableway, HeishuiRiver, Baishui River and Baoshan stone city, etc. It is a multifunctionaltourist resort integrating sightseeing, mountaineering, exploration, scientificresearch, vacation and outing.

Ganhaizi

Ganhaizi is an open meadow in the east of Yulong Snow Mountain. Ganhaizi isabout 4 kilometers long, 1.5 kilometers wide and 2900 meters above sea level. Itgives people a feeling of openness and emptiness when you come to Ganhaizi. Infront of the towering east slope of Yulong Snow Mountain, there is such a bigmeadow, which provides a good place for visitors to enjoy Yulong Snow Mountain.Here you can see the peaks of Yulong Snow Mountain and Fandou be visible beforethe eyes. From the Ganhaizi meadow to the 4500 meter snow line, you can see avariety of flowers and trees, such as orchids, wild peonies and Saussureainvolucrata, and tall trees such as Pinus yunnanensis, Cedrus deodara, fir,Castanea spinosa, Castanea mollissima, etc. Ganhaizi meadow is a natural ranch.Every year, the flowers bloom in spring and the grass sprouts. Tibetan, Yi andNaxi herdsmen living in the mountain streams near Ganhaizi have to wear feltawnings and ride high headed horses to drive yaks, sheep and cattle to themeadow for grazing.

Baishui River

From Ganhaizi to yunshanping, there is a deep valley. There are many treesin the valley, and the clear stream flows long. The river with clear springflowing at the bottom of the valley is called Baishui River. Because theriverbed and terrace are composed of white marble and pieces of Carboniferousstone, it is gray. The clear spring flows through the stone, and it is alsowhite. It is named "Baishui River" because of its color. The water of BaishuiRiver comes from the melting water of glaciers and snow plains at a height offour or five kilometers. It is very cool and pollution-free. It is a naturaliced drink.

Yunshanping

Also known as "the land of love death", with an altitude of 3240 meters, itis a holy place in the heart of Naxi people. It is said that from here we canget to the third country of jade dragon. According to the records of DongbaScripture, "there are endless silks and satins, endless fresh fruits andtreasures, endless wine and sweet milk, endless Jinsha silver ball, red spottedtiger as riding, silver horned deer as farming, wide eared fox as hound, andgolden pheasant as heralding the dawn". Take the cable car built in Baishuihemountain villa to take you to the station in only ten minutes. Then you can goalong the wooden plank plank path set up in the forest, or ride the Lijiang ponyrented by the local Yi girls to yunshanping, another beautiful place in YulongSnow Mountain. Yunshanping is a forest grassland in the east of Yulong SnowMountain, about 0.5 square kilometers, about 3000 meters above sea level. Thesnow mountain is as high as jade screen, and the spruce terrace is as lush asDaicheng. In the dense forest around yunshanping, there are towering trees, deadbranches hanging upside down, tree beards on the branches, rotten treeseverywhere in the forest, dead branches and leaves, covered with moss, as if noone had come to disturb for thousands of years, just like a natural paradise. Itis said that if young men and women die in yunshanping at the foot of YulongSnow Mountain, their souls will enter the third country of Yulong and geteternal happiness.

serac

There are 19 modern glaciers in Yulong Snow Mountain, with a total area of11.61 square kilometers. Among them, baishui-1 is the most suitable glacier forsightseeing.

The baishui-1 glacier is 2.7 km long and is located just below the fansteep peak of Yulong Snow Mountain. From the foot of the mountain, it looks likea waterfall hanging in the sky, which is shocking. The ice Pagoda Forest in theice tongue is like a knife and halberd piercing into the sky. Under thesunlight, it is not white but green and snowy. It looks like huge Jadeitesinlaid in the jagged rocks. This scene is the "green snow peak" described by thelate vice president of the National Palace Museum of Chinese Taiwan, Li lincan. Close tothe glacier, I can only hear the sound of "Hua la la", which is the glacierformed after the melting of the glacier. The fan in front of it makes a loudnoise. Its the sound of avalanche, just like "snowing cow". For thousands ofyears, fans have been supplying new snow to the glacier. The ever-changing snowmountain is full of snowflakes from time to time, which makes it difficult forpeople to walk; the wind and clouds from time to time make people feel a littlechilly; the light from time to time makes people feel as if they are separatedfrom each other.

Snow mountain cableway

There are three Cableways in the snow mountain, big cableway, yunshanpingcableway (small cableway) and Maoniuping cableway. The scenery is different.Generally speaking, the big cableway can let you touch the snow, while the smallcableway (yunshanping) is in the middle of the snow mountain, which can let youtake a panoramic view of the snow mountain. Maoniuping, like yunshanping, islocated in the middle of the mountain. It is open and has more foreign tourists.The most crowded Cableways are yunshanping and the big cableway.

各位游客，大家好!我是来自世界旅游社的小张。今天我带大家游玩的是雁荡山，我们出发吧!

雁荡山位于中国浙江省乐清市境内部分位于永嘉县及温岭市。距杭州297公里，距温州68公里。始于南北朝，兴于唐，盛于宋，素有“寰中绝胜”、“海上名山”之誉。史称“东南第一山”。总面积450平方公里，500 多个景点分布于8个景区，以奇峰怪石、古洞石室、飞瀑流泉称胜。其中，灵峰、灵岩、大龙湫三个景区被称为“雁荡三绝”。特别是灵峰夜景，灵岩飞渡堪称中国一绝。因山顶有湖，芦苇茂密，结草为荡，南归秋雁多宿于此，故名雁荡。好了，现在我们到了雁荡山，我们来到雁荡三绝的灵峰，它以悬崖叠嶂，奇峰怪石，古怪石室，碧潭清润而著称。景区内层峦叠嶂，奇峰环拱，千形万状，美不胜收。灵峰夜景，移步换形，变幻多姿，妙不可言。两大奇洞——观音洞、北斗洞为游人所必至。合掌峰是雁荡山的代表景观之一。峰内的观音洞建有九叠危楼，建筑极具匠心，与天然洞穴之美融为一体，为雁荡山第一洞天。观音洞隐于合掌峰中，洞高113米，深76米，宽14米，洞中累有九层楼阁。太阳正照洞底大殿，每天才数分钟。观音洞为雁荡山第一洞天，深藏玄机，经年香烟缭绕。我们先来游玩观音洞吧!观音洞嵌于合掌峰中，最早为唐代高僧善牧的居所。洞高100 米，宽深各40 余米，洞内佛楼倚岩而建，高达9 层。入洞口处为天王殿，内塑四大金刚，殿后有377 级石磴，直达顶屋。顶屋为观音殿，其余为僧舍。从第8 层楼左壁往洞口看，可见一尊一丁点儿大的观音佛像端坐在莲台上，此谓“一指观音”。从洞顶往外望，天空仅留一线，人称“一线天”。洞内尚有洗心，漱玉诸泉，最顶层的大殿旁还有一处洗心池，水质清淳甘洌。

游玩了第一大奇洞——观音洞，接下来，我们要去的是第二大奇洞——北斗洞。北斗洞面对伏虎峰，古称伏虎洞，因洞口正对着伏虎峰而得名。洞浅而阔，阳光充足。洞上岩壁有大蝠之形，洞口俯视亦有岩似大蝠飞升，洞顶有横石似青龙入洞，还有水痕似白龙腾飞。洞内筑有四层道观，幽静有致。后因道家礼拜北斗元君，而改今名。位于观音洞左侧。洞内有凌霄殿。洞口高大宽敞，洞内光线充足，冬暖夏凉，为雁荡山诸洞所不及洞内还有“青石卧龙”、“金鸟玉兔”、“倒挂青蛙”等景致。

我们现在在大龙湫，大龙湫景区实际是一处山谷，但谷口较为宽敞，旁有锦溪，但因为多日干旱，所以都已经枯竭了。循溪左行，见前面有千仞绝壁成嶂，干霄摩天，绝壁上有大小峰头参差相叠，如无数佛陀现身，此即千佛岩。稍下，有一巨石平展壁立，状如石碑，即石碑峰。

溯溪而上，有竹桥架溪上，桥上置茶花一盆，红花灿然。前面峰峦中一峰独竖。山峰巨石尖耸，一道裂隙从上贯下，有如巨斧劈开，形成两片。一片较粗，一片较细，如剪刀双刃，孤撑云表，此即剪刀峰。王思任所谓“分开千仞，欲剪青天者。”峰顶处石稍有弯曲，有如合而未张的蟹螯，所以明代张肃之 “易其名巨螯”。

看，剪刀峰后又有一峰高耸，山顶尖峭呈锐三角形，此即天乐峰，适值天气阴晦，山顶阴云弥漫，如烟腾空。青灰色的石壁上寸草不生，山脚下树木葱茏簇拥，衬托得山峰愈显高耸。山形随步移变幻，向时山上部左侧如蟹螯者，从此处仰望却又形如啄木鸟，正伸出巨嘴，啄咬树木。再前行，又变成熊的形状，正憨态可掬地昂首向爬行。及至走过后回望，那还有什么剪刀的形状，而是变成了一根擎天石柱，所以她又有“玉杵峰”、“天柱峰”的别名。路边指示牌上面标着 “桅杆峰”，一看可知为新起，虽然比起剪刀峰名称略少新奇，倒也名实相符.

前面见有“一帆峰”的指示牌，回首一望，擎天一柱又变成了海上风帆。此真所谓“横看成岭侧成峰”。正如戴名世所说：“大抵雁荡诸峰，巧通造化，移步换形，其名字因象取义尚多有之;而路穷径塞，蒙翦于荆榛荒草之中，其奇未出于人间者亦不少也。”

大龙湫是我国最长的瀑布，为什么不叫“大龙瀑”呢?因为大龙湫不像别的瀑布那样斯文。但为什么要叫“大龙湫”呢?因为“湫”是“池”的意思，如果叫“大龙池”的话感觉有点怪。

大龙湫的岸边就能感觉到一股说不出的凉爽，大龙湫这里的空气格外的清新，住在这里的人们别提有多舒服了，冬暖夏凉。

大龙湫的水来自上面的天然水塔，因为水积得太多，才流下来的。大龙湫随着天气而变化，有时像银龙，有时像彩虹。

各位旅客，今天我们的游览就到此结束了，欢迎大家有机会再来雁荡山观光旅游，拜拜!

各位游客朋友，须弥山石窟具有两大特点。一是须弥山佛教石窟艺术兴盛与古丝绸之路关系密切。须弥山所处的位置自古以来就是中原通往河西走廊、大漠南北的交通枢纽和战略要地。“丝绸之路”开通后这里又成为“丝绸之路”东段北道的必经之地，是由长安到西域的最短的必经之地。到了唐代，唐王朝为了加强边疆防卫，又在这里设立了“石门关”，直接制约着中原与西域的军事与交通，使这里有着“关中咽喉”之称。石门关，是隋唐前后著名的七关之一，为西北通往都城长安的要冲，是屏蔽中原及长安的门户。二是须弥山石窟的分布格局与众不同，国内大多数石窟都开凿在一座石崖上，而须弥山石窟开凿在鸿沟相隔的八座石山上，格局奇特，而且各沟之间有梯桥相连。各沟之间都已架梯搭桥，以方便游览。

各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了须弥山博物馆参观。该馆位于宁夏固原市，建筑面积5558平方米，陈展面积4500平方米。博物馆由序厅和尾厅加上五个单元组成。第一单元“丝路开通”。从公元前138年张骞出使西域开始，通过场景复原、文物陈列手段展示了丝绸之路开通以后给固原带来的文化经济繁荣。第二单元“佛教东传”运用场景复原、文物陈列和多媒体技术，展示了佛教从印度诞生并东传进入中原大地的历史进程。第三单元“须弥之光”再现了丝绸之路上古原州商贾如流、物阜民丰的繁荣景象r展示了须弥山从石窟初凿、兴盛、高峰期到衰落几个部分，反映了须弥山石窟发展的全过程。第四单元“佛国众生”运用图版、石窟雕像复原、文物陈列和多媒体演示等手段系统介绍了佛国世界各类形象，是专题的佛教知识单元。第五单元“佛窟集萃”用图片展示和多媒体技术系统地介绍了印度阿旅陀、阿富汗巴米扬和中国各具特色的18处著名石窟。陈展中运用科技媒介、艺术创作、文化象征等多种手段全面展示丝绸之路文化和佛教石窟艺术，将游客带进了全景式的探秘丝绸之路、欣赏佛教石窟艺术的殿堂。

徐州有座山叫云龙山，她东依凤凰山，西傍云龙湖，南邻泉山风景区，昂首向东北，曳尾与西南，因山有云气，蜿蜒起伏，状似神龙。

苏北山不多，但有山就有故事，徐州云龙山就是一座充满故事的山。

索道直接将游客送至观景台。山的海拔并不高，只142米，但站在观景台上鸟瞰，徐州这苏北平原上的文化名城风貌一览无余。

观景台、亭。依山就势，造型古朴端庄，气势雄伟。

云龙山山形蜿蜒如龙，因山上常有云雾缭绕而得名。云龙山虽然海拔只有142米，但文物古迹众多，历来是苏北的名胜。宋苏东坡在徐为太守时，常登山览胜，醉卧山石。他写并书《放鹤亭记》碑文现存山中。

从北魏至民国期间，山上留有北魏时代的大石佛，唐宋摩崖石刻，宋代的放鹤亭、招鹤亭、饮鹤泉、张山人旧居;明代的兴化禅寺、清代的大士岩、山西会馆、船厅、御碑亭、碑廊等历史文物古迹。现在又修复和新建了幽邃轩、洞天小庐、跨云阁、云龙书院、杏花村、观景台、同心台等一大批历史景点。

Jiuhua Mountain, with ninety-nine beautiful lotus flowers, ninety-nine highhanging temples, the fruits of ninety-nine years of cultivation, unexplainedwonder, endless folk customs, the perfect combination of magical and beautifullandscape and profound Buddhist culture, makes Jiuhua Mountain a pure place forpeople and Buddhas to share.

Jiuhua Mountain is located in Qingyang County, Chizhou City, AnhuiProvince. It is an important tourist attraction in the world and an importantBuddhist temple in the world. Liu Yuxi, a writer of the Tang Dynasty, praisedJiuhua Mountain after climbing it. He thought that the famous mountains in theworld could not compete with Jiuhua Mountain. Li Bai went to Mount Jiuhua threetimes. Jiuhua Mountain is characterized by beautiful mountains and numerousBuddhist temples. This famous mountain has accumulated a lot of historicalculture since the Han Dynasty and is known as the "Lotus Buddha kingdom". Today,lets take a look at this "Lotus Buddha kingdom".

Dear friends, at the moment, our location is Jiuhua street, 600 metersabove sea level, which is the reception center of the whole mountain. Walkingalong the street, we come to the main temple of Jiuhua Mountain_ Huachengtemple, according to the Buddhist scriptures, once Sakyamuni and his discipleswent to the countryside to preach. After a long walk, the disciples were hungryand thirsty, and could not sit up. At this time, the Buddha pointed to the frontand said, "there is a city in front. Go to huazhai quickly.". The apprenticeimmediately came to the spirit. In fact, the so-called Huacheng comes from theEnlightenment of Buddha.

In addition, before entering the temple, we should pay attention to thefollowing points: first, when entering the temple, we should step across thethreshold. The threshold of the temple is the shoulder of the Buddha, so we mustnot step on it. Second, we should not make loud noises or bring jokes from theworld of mortals into the temple. Third, please do not touch the monks magicweapons at will. OK, lets go into Huacheng temple. Huacheng temple

After that, we come to the palace of the flesh. Please take a look at thewords on the flat forehead: the palace of the moon! Why is it called the palaceof the moon? Because in the past, the moon and the flesh were interchangeable,so now many words describing human body parts and organs will have a month nextto them.

The architecture of the hall of the flesh body is very distinctive, "thereare towers in the hall and tanks in the towers."; Jin qiaojue, the king ofTibetans, died at the age of 99 after 75 years of cultivation in Jiuhua Mountainin the 10th year of Yuanzhen of Tang Dynasty. Three years later, when he openedthe jar, his body was soft and his face looked like a living one. The sound of agolden lock shook his bony joints. According to the Buddhist scriptures, he wasa Bodhisattva, so he was honored as the Bodhisattva of Tibetans.

Walking into the hall of the body, you can see the great wish of the earthhanging on the lintel: all living beings will pass through, and the Bodhisattvadike will be proved; the hell will not be empty, and the oath will not become aBuddha. Therefore, the Bodhisattva of Tibet is also known as the great wishBodhisattva. I believe that with the blessing of the great wish Bodhisattva, youmust have good luck in the future.

Jiuhua scenery is on the roof. Tiantai peak is the main peak of JiuhuaMountain, with an altitude of more than 1300 meters. There is a saying that "ifyou dont get on the roof, you dont come.". From the rooftop of Jiuhua street,about 15 Huali mountain road, along the road through many scenic spots. When youare out of breath and reach the top of the roof, the scenery in front of youwill make you open-minded and tired. All around the mountains crawling, lookingat Jiuhua street, only palm so big. Looking from afar, heaven and earth areintegrated, and the Yangtze River is indistinctly visible. The clear mountainwind brings waves of pines and bamboos, which makes people intoxicated. Thesurrounding rocks are strange in shape and mostly dark. There is a huge stoneengraved with the word "non human". At this moment, it really makes people feellike they are in the fairyland of Penglai. It is said that watching the sunriseon the rooftop is no less magnificent than watching the sunrise on Mount Tai.Therefore, "Tiantai xiaori" is listed as one of the "ten sceneries ofJiuhua".

Well, my friends, the short journey to Jiuhua Mountain is over in a hurry.I hope you can fulfill your wish. When you come to Jiuhua Mountain, I can stillserve you.

欢迎大家来到!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

长沙市位于湖南省东部偏北, 湘江下游和长浏盆地西缘。其地域范围为东经111°53′-114°15′,北纬27°51′-28°41′。东邻江西省宜春地区和萍乡市，南接株洲、湘潭两市，西连娄底、益阳两市，北抵岳阳、益阳两市。东西长约230公里，南北宽约88公里。全市土地面积11819.5平方公里，其中城区面积556平方公里。 长沙是一座有20xx余年悠久文化历史的古城，早在春秋时期，就是楚国雄踞南方的战略要地之一。

汉朝的刘邦立国之后，于公元前220xx年改临江为长沙，并设立汉朝的属国----长沙国，自此之后，长沙开始筑建城墙，并逐渐成为兵家必争之地。 长沙属亚热带季风性湿润气候。气候特征是：气候温和，降水充沛，雨热同期，四季分明。长沙市区年平均气温17.2℃，各县16.8℃-17.3℃，年积温为5457℃，市区年均降水量1361.6毫米。 景观：岳麓山、桔子洲、天心阁、烈士公园、月亮岛等。

今天我的讲解就到此结束了，下面是大家自由参观的时间，我们大概在30分钟后在门口集合，希望这次参观能给大家留下一个深刻的印象，预祝大家能玩的开心，谢谢

My dear friends,

Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.

Confucius had a famous remark: “What a delight to have friends from afar.”Today I am very glad to have an opportunity of making new friends and to be yourtour guide. I wish to thank you for your cooperation and also ready to take yoursuggestions and advice regarding my service.

What we are going to visit now is the Confucius Temple. This temple iswhere sacrifices are offered to Confucius. Work on these structures began duringthe second year after Confucius’s death. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace’s construction. The layout is as follows: There are 5 halls, 1pavilion, 1 altar, and 3 ancestral temples. It is divided into 9 courtyards.Altogether there are 466 rooms, 54 gateways and over 1000 stone tablets andsteles. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares (equals to 327.5 mu) and is over 1kilometers long from north to south. It is magnificent and resplendent andirrespective of the angle from which you enjoy viewing the temple. It iscommensurate with influence and fame of Confucius. As such, it is very rareworld historical treasure.

The Confucius Temple’s first gateway is called Golden Sound and JadeVibration Gateway (金声玉振门), “Golden Sound ” and “Jade Vibration” symbolize thewhole process of playing music in

ancient time. The music starts with the beating of a drum and ends with thestriking of an inverted bell (磬). This means that Confucius’s thoughts are acomprehensiveexpressionssaints’ ideas.

Now we come to the Ling Star Gate. This gate was erected in Ming Dynastyand was rebuilt in 1754. The three characters were written by Emperor Qianlong.The legend has it that there are 28 constellations in the galaxy. The star incharge of culture is called“Ling Star” or “Wenqu Star”. People believe Confuciusis the Ling Star. So they show respect to Confucius is as important as to showrespect to Heaven.

Look at this stone stele on the temple gate’s eastern wall. It is writtenon the stele that “officials should dismount here.” In the past, the civil andmilitary officials and people in the street were required to get off from theirhorses or sedan chairs and walk on foot when they passed by the Temple to showtheir reverence for Confucius and his temple.

We are now entering the Dacheng Gate (大成门). The Temple of Confucius isdivided into three layouts from here. The middle gate is the Dacheng Gate; thetwo beside the Dacheng Gate are the Golden Sound Gate on the left and JadeVibration Gate on the right. The one on farther western side is the Qisheng Gate(启圣门) and the one on

farther eastern side is the Chengsheng Gate (承圣门).

This is the main hall of the Temple of Confucius. Dacheng Hall, togetherwith the Forbidden City’s Hall of Supreme Harmony and Daimiao Temple’s TiankuangHall (天贶殿) in Tai’an city (泰安) are called the three greatest halls in China or“the Three Greatest Halls in the East”. This hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78meters wide and 24.8 meters deep. It is surrounded by 28 dragon columns carvedout of whole blocks of stone. The 10 columns in front are deep relief sculpturesand the others are shallow ones. They are made with exquisite technique and aretreasures of the whole world. Carved on each column are two dragons twisting andflying. They are made true to life and are completely different from each other.The birthday of Confucius is on September 28th and grand commemorationactivities are held here in which people pay homage to Confucius. During thefestival, music and dancing are performed and visitors from home and abroadswarm to Qufu. Various cultural and tour activities are rich and colorful andyou’re welcome to attend this festival and enjoy yourselves in this world-famousevent.

中国古语说：“山北为阴，山南为阳”，因城区位于境内贵山之南而得“贵阳”之名，同时，古代贵阳盛产瑰丽的竹子，故贵阳简称“筑”。它地处山地丘陵之间，故尚有“山国之都”的雅誉，并且市内天然景观，文化事业，民族风情星罗棋布，因此又有“公园省”的“盆景市”之美称。

贵阳是中国的又一春城，天气暖和潮湿，热量富厚，雨量充沛、四序宜人，春夏秋三季都是旅游的黄金季候。这里，冬无寒冷，夏无酷暑。最热是七月下旬，常年均匀气温是24摄氏度。最冷是一月上旬，常年均匀气温达4.6摄氏度。整年均匀气温是15.3摄氏度。氛围不干燥，四序无风沙。人们广为传颂：“上有天国，下有苏杭，天气最佳数贵阳”。

在这里，喀斯专程貌很是怪异，，地形多样。地上，奇峰翠谷，山环水绕;地下，溶洞群落，别有洞天。明山、秀水、幽林、奇洞、古寺美满无缺，相映生辉，形成了雄奇奇丽、独具特色的高原天然景观。个中，有1个国度级风光胜景区(清镇红枫湖)，4个省级风光胜景区(花溪、百花湖、修文阳明风光胜景区、息烽风光胜景区)。

在贵阳浩瀚的文物事业中，有1个世界重点文物掩护单元---息烽齐集营;有世界独一的一幢木布局三层三檐不等边的九角攒尖顶阁楼、建于明万历三十八年(1610年)的文昌阁;有作为今朝贵阳市符号、建于明万历二十六年(1598年)的甲秀楼;有贵州释教第一大森林、建于清康熙十一年(1672年)的弘福寺，有为眷念明朝闻名哲学家和教诲家守仁建于清乾隆五十九年(1794年)的阳明祠等。

贵阳是一个以汉族为主的多民族聚居的都市，久长的汗青孕育了这块土地上38个民族璀璨的民族文化，形成了浓烈的民族风尚，有少数民族青年男女通过饱含蜜意的歌舞、探求意中人的“四月八”、“三月三”、“六月六”、“跳场”等节会;有称为中国戏剧雏形和“活化石”的傩戏、地戏，追述着中汉文化的源远流长，记录着华夏文化和贵州民族文化的领悟。

刺绣与挑花是贵阳民族传统工艺百花圃中盛开的两朵奇葩。蜡染成品则蕴含着民族文化的艺术魅力，它们与粗犷、古朴的傩面具等民族文化的佳构一样，备受海表里友人的青睐。

贵阳的风味小吃，实在令人垂涎。仅处所传统的风味小吃就达100多种。无论白日黑夜，贵阳陌头巷尾的小吃摊点星罗棋布，一些饭馆旅馆将有特色的部门小吃列入筵席中，尚有专门的小吃筵可供品尝。贵阳最著名的风味小吃有肠旺面、爱情豆腐果、雷家豆腐圆子、糕粑稀饭、“丝娃娃”、荷叶糍粑、吴家汤圆、毕节汤圆等。

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you

各位团友大家下午好，欢迎大家来到我们美丽的避暑之都——林城贵阳。我是大家本次旅游的导游，我叫王雪，大家在以后的日子里叫我小雪就好了，我旁边的这位司机师傅呢，已经有20xx年的驾龄了，所以呢，他开车，大家可以非常的放心```呵呵。

好了，自我介绍完了，因为我还是第一次和大家见面，还不知道大家的名字呢，所谓前世500次的回眸才换来今生的擦肩而过，我们今天能坐在一起，不知道前世回眸了多少次了，所以，我能有幸知道大家的名字吗?(等游客回答和介绍自己的名字)

我真的好高兴，大家能够告诉我自己的名字，小雪真的好幸运啊。好了，我们大家回归正题，今天呢，小雪要带大家到一个非常利于修身养性的地方，呵呵，小雪先卖个关子，大家猜猜是什么地方，猜到有小礼品相送哦呵呵。(等游客猜)哎呀，大家真的好聪明哦。答对了，就是那里，就是那里，我们美丽的阳明祠。好了，小雪献上小礼物给大家，那就是小雪自己绣的十字绣，有绣得不好的地方请大家多多指教哦。告诉大家一个小秘密，这个不包括在团费里哦，呵呵。小小意思不成敬意。

阳明祠呢，位于市东扶风山麓，始建于清嘉庆十九年(1820xx年)，此祠是为纪念明代哲学家、教育家王守仁(1472年一1520xx年)而建。 以后几度重修，现为省、市两级文物保护单位。四合院结构，主体建筑为享堂(大殿)，堂前有“正气亭”、“桂花厅”与两侧游廊相通。享堂正中，塑有王阳明先生汉白玉雕坐像。祠内殿廊相接，林木葱茏，清幽宜人，诗文碑刻甚多，文物荟萃，引人注目。

好了，现在我们到了阳明祠的大门了，来，我们一起抬头看看吧```上面写着“楼霞腾镜”四个大字，是不是写得很洒脱啊。它是贵州的一个书法家写的，还没查明是谁呢?好了，现在我们一起走到阳明祠里吧，最多5分钟就到了哦，大家在坚持一下下。嘿咻嘿咻 嘿咻嘿咻 加油加油。

好了，达到目地地啦，来，我们一起边参观边拍照边听我介绍吧```

阳明祠，坐落在贵阳市区扶风山，始建于清嘉庆十九年(1820xx年)与相邻的尹道真祠、扶风寺共同组成环境清幽、景色秀丽的扶风山风景区，清代西南巨儒郑珍曾赞之为“插天一朵青芙蓉”。

明代哲学家、教育家王阳明生于1472年，字伯安，名守仁，浙江余姚人，因曾筑室讲学于浙江会稽阳明洞，故人称“阳明先生”。明正德元年(1520xx年)，王阳明先生任南京兵部主事，因触怒当权宦官，被贬谪为贵州龙场(今贵阳市修文县)驿丞。在贵州的三年中，王阳明先生先后在修文龙冈书院和贵阳文明书院讲学，治学成名，门人众多，影响甚大，至今在日本等东南亚国家仍有深远影响。1520xx年阳明先生逝世后，贵阳人为纪念他而修建该祠。

祠内林木葱茏，根雕、盆景千姿百态，桂树浓香四溢，碑刻甚多，曲径回廊，清幽宜人。祠内现存有王阳明先生朝服线刻大像。日本东宫侍讲文学博士三岛毅赞扬王阳明先生的七言绝句：“忆昔阳明讲学堂，震天动地活机藏。龙冈山上一轮月，仰见良知千古光”。另外，祠内左右两壁还嵌有王阳明先生的《训士四条》和《论语四条》木刻。

祠内殿堂中，有王阳明先生汉白玉坐像，两侧为先生手书：“壮思风飞冲情云上，和光春霭爽气秋高”木刻对联。殿堂外碑廊有王阳明先生手书《矫亭记》和家书文稿及燕服画像。此外，还有清代学者莫友芝、何绍基等人游览祠堂题咏的诗文及捐资修建人员名册石刻，是贵阳市现存的碑刻精华，也是极其珍贵的历史文物。

现在呢，我们来到了充满艺术气氛的画家书法家的天堂，大家可以欣赏一下我们的画家书法家的作品呵呵。对了，那里就有一个画家哦，让小雪去问问他能不能现场给我们作幅画。嘘。(去问，然后回来)

恭喜大家哦，我们的画家愿意为大家献上一副“花开富贵图”呵呵。......

好了，我们阳明祠一日游结束了，小雪好舍不得大家哦，大家一定一定要在来我们美丽的贵阳，在来看小雪哦，小雪在这里等着大家的到来```遇祝大家下一个旅程能够开开心心的，安安全全的。小雪爱大家```拜拜```

南沙北湖，湖润金沙，沙抱翠湖，湖水如海，柔沙似绸，天水一色。沙湖资源蕴藏量丰富，在洁净温凉的湖水里常年生长着几十种鱼，不仅有常见的鲤鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼，而且有北方罕见的武昌鱼、体长160厘米体重60多斤重的娃娃鱼(大鲵)和体围1米多的大鳖。栖息在沙湖的鸟类也有130多种。此外还有游乐园、瞭望塔、水族宫、芦苇迷津、蒙古包旅馆、西夏行宫、大漠旱舟、水上滑梯、水上跳伞、水上摩托、滑沙索道、湖中荡舟、天然浴场等旅游项目。当年《大话西游之仙履奇缘》开头，紫霞撑木筏那段戏就是在这拍摄的。[1]

宁夏沙湖是大自然的杰作，湖光沙色，候鸟成群，芦丛如画，风光旖旎。这里即有沙漠，又有万亩平湖，是上苍的赐予，更是勤劳智慧的塞北人民惊天动地的艺术创造。这里曾是一座农场,建国后，经过无数建设者精心雕琢，才逐步变成集西北粗犷与江南秀美为一体的天然景点，其独特的旅游资源与优越的接待条件，成为国家旅游局确定的王牌景点和国家AAAAA级生态旅游区。

船儿犁开了波光粼粼的湖面，翻滚的浪花似划出的千顷良田，翠绿的芦苇，恰到好处地散布在湖面上，风儿吹过，枝叶婆娑，飒飒做响，马达声惊飞了一只停立在梢头的鸟儿，倏地不见了踪影，随着停息的马达声，呈现在眼前的是一个新的天地：沙漠、骆驼，人群。

宁夏沙湖景区荣誉：“世界环境保护五百家单位之一” 联合国授予“全球环保500佳”荣誉称号。

宁夏沙湖以江南水乡与大漠风光为一体，以自然景观为主体，沙、水、苇、鸟、山五大景源有机结合，构成了独特秀丽景观，成为集风景旅游、观光娱乐、体育竟技、疗养避暑、休闲度假为一体的风景名胜区.宁夏沙湖的美，美在沙水相融;宁夏沙湖的秀，秀在湖苇相映;宁夏沙湖的奇，奇在鸟飞鱼跃。南沙北湖，沙抱翠湖，即突出了江南之灵秀，又突出了塞上之雄浑，是原始生态旅游的最佳结合点。

湖水、沙漠、芦苇、荷花、侯鸟、湖鱼把塞外与江南美妙地、珠联璧合地融合了起来，构成了一幅美轮美奂的江山风光图。宁夏沙湖是上天造物的奇迹，是人间的天堂。

记得我刚到杭州不久，就迫不及待的让爸爸妈妈陪我去游览杭州西湖，特别是三潭印月。来杭州之前，就看到很多关于三潭印月的美丽传说。这次有那么好的机会哪能错过，爸爸妈妈答应了。

三潭印月位于西湖南半边。湖中有一座人工小岛，三潭印月就在这座小岛的附近。我们上了船，欣赏着水如平静的西湖。这湖水，咋看，犹如一潭诱人的陈酒，静静的，轻盈盈的;细看宛如一面在翡翠帷幕中的宝镜，亮亮的，蓝湛湛的。这一切，都像经过艺术家的剪裁，移小换形，处处皆景。

走着，走着，我们踏上了弯弯湖中的小桥，展示在面前的是一幅美丽的图画：白色的荷花，有的怒开盛放，有的含苞欲放，绿色的荷叶在微风中轻轻摇动。一些外国游客不时举起照相机拍下这美好的景色。过了小桥，走进一座四角亭。亭中立着一块奇石，上面写着红色的“三潭印月”四个大字。站在亭里向湖中远眺，只见湖中三潭组成一个三角形立在湖中。绿水。三潭。蓝天。飞鸟，我们仿佛置身于画中，好像在画中游。

亲爱的各位游客，你们好，欢迎你们的到来! 今天我很开心能在这做大家的导游，带领大家一起去游玩辽宁省著名的本溪水洞。

大家也许早就听说辽东山城本溪有一个亿万年的洞穴奇观：山中藏洞、洞中有水、水润石生、石扬城名，今天我们终于有机会能在这饱受眼福啦，哈哈~~

各位朋友，您可能走遍了祖国各地，也曾参观游览过许许多多知名的旅游洞穴。今天参观游览本溪水洞，您一定会感到还是本溪水洞美。每个旅游洞穴都有他独具特色的精美景观，而水洞的九曲银河恰是其精美景观当中的精髓。

好了，本溪水洞全程游览到此结束，经过今天的游玩活动，相信大家对辽宁本溪水洞有了更深一层的了解和见识。感谢各位的参观游览!欢迎各位下次再来，谢谢大家!!

游客朋友们，大家好!欢迎大家来到我们莲花佛国――九华山旅游!下面呢我先向大家介绍一下我们九华山的大概。我们九华山位于安徽省池州市，是我们安徽省”两山一湖”黄金旅游区的主要景区。这里景色秀丽，古刹林立，与四川的峨眉山，山西的五台山，浙江的普陀山并称为我国的四大佛教名山。

我们的九华山呢其实原来并不叫九华山。在唐朝的时候叫九子山，因为九华山山峰秀丽，高出云层的山峰有九座，因此叫做九子山。天宝年间，诗仙李白曾两次到过此地，先后写下”妙有分二气，灵山开九华”，天河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉”等千古佳句，九华山之名因此而得并且一直用到了今天。

九华山宗教活动历史悠久，道教最先在九华山发展，佛教更加兴盛。在唐朝开元年间，新罗国王子金乔觉航海东来，遍访名山，最后选在了我们的九华山修行。夜间露宿在山上的山洞里。渴了就喝山上的山泉水，饿了就吃山上的野生植物，黄精。最后在他99岁的时候圆寂。佛教界认为他生前苦行，圆寂后与佛经里所记载的地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，因他在未出家的时候姓金，所以大家都称为金地藏。九华山也就自此被辟为地藏菩萨的道场。唐代后，九华山佛教声明渐著，经过历朝历代的修葺，到清代全山寺院已经有150多座了。祗圆寺，东崖寺，百岁宫，甘露寺四大丛林，香火之盛甲天下。改革开放以后，古老的佛山旧貌重辉。现有寺院90多座，僧侣600多人。是一个特色鲜明和有重要影响的佛教圣地。

下面我们进入的是九华街景区，首先就看到一座石门坊是大理石雕刻而成，高9米，是仿清的徽派建筑。横额上镌刻着康熙皇帝御书的“九华圣境”四个大字。中门两柱南北下方雕有石狮。门坊端庄典雅。过了门坊呢下面大家看到的就是迎仙桥了，这座桥是修建于乾隆年间，是一座单孔石拱桥，在这里呢大家随我一起踏上这座古桥我们一起步入仙境之中!

朋友们看，过了桥正面就是祗园寺的大殿。祗园寺是国家重点寺院，规模是九华山四大丛林里最大的了。也是唯一的一座丛林寺院，由山门，天王殿，大雄宝殿，客堂，讲堂和藏经楼等十余座单体建筑组成，是典型的组合式建筑。它的山门偏离了大殿中轴线，大家知道这是为什么吗?因为啊歪置山门是颇有讲究的，一来呢是为了辟邪，二来是门向朝着开山祖寺化城寺。大雄宝殿琉璃碧瓦，飞檐翘角，地位十分突出。好了，现在我们游览下一个景点。

Shanghai International Conference Center is located in Lujiazui, Pudong. Ithas more than 20 conference venues with different specifications and differentnumbers (15-3000 people) and the most advanced audio-visual equipment. TheShanghai Hall on the 7th floor is the largest pillar free hall in China (with anarea of 4400 square meters, which can accommodate 20__ people for meals or 3000people for meetings at the same time). Relying on this unique land, our companyhas undertaken or co organized many domestic and international conferences andheld nearly 100 exhibitions of various types. Through the successful conclusionof such influential meetings as fortune forum, APEC series of meetings, WorldPetroleum Congress Asia regional meeting, Asia Pacific city informatization highlevel forum and Asia Pacific Development Bank President meeting, as well as thesuccessful holding of the annual British education exhibition, ShanghaiInternational Audio Technology and equipment exhibition, Shanghai InternationalBoat Exhibition, Shanghai real estate exhibition and trade fair, etc, We haveaccumulated rich experience in organizing conferences and exhibitions. We havealso cooperated with local government offices in Shanghai to hold manyconferences and exhibitions of similar scale in Shanghai InternationalConference Center, such as Jiangsu Taixing International Friendship Association,Waigaoqiao Development Zone conference, Zhejiang Enterprises Association inShanghai conference, Jiaxing exhibition series activities, etc.

In addition to the first-class exhibition venues, the Oriental RiversideHotel affiliated to Shanghai International Conference Center provides goodsupporting facilities for both conference guests and commercial and residentialcustomers with its comfortable rest environment, the East-West restaurantsscattered in the sphere and the rippling indoor swimming pool, which has becomea powerful guarantee for the success of the exhibition. Shanghai InternationalConference Center has become the best place for exhibition, catering,accommodation and other activities at the same time, providing great conveniencefor holding international conferences, professional conferences, smallconferences and various exhibitions and exhibitions of various scales.

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰 陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。

当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。永宁山是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。

石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

整个陵区注重对门的处理，门既可作为出入之用，也可截断空间界面。大红门是进入陵区的总门户，单檐庑殿顶，看上去质朴、凝重、敦实、稳重，视若腾龙偃卧，镇守陵前。两侧有42华里的风水墙，逶迤延展，包护陵区，愈发显出大红门的庄严气派。

具服殿独成一院，是供后代皇帝、后妃来谒陵祭祖时更换衣服的场所，沿续明代拂座殿而建，殿内有净房，类似于现在的洗手间，内有绣花墩马桶。而今为了方便游人，在净房的旁边建有一座水冲厕所。

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圣德神功碑楼是记述皇帝生平功德的主要建筑之一，俗称大碑楼，建成于1739年，花费白银十三万一千五百两。大碑楼占地5.54亩，高26.05米，四面辟门，为重檐九脊歇山顶，稳中有变，富丽典雅。它座落在方形广场的正中，四角各有一根高12米的华表相衬，使碑楼显得更加庄严、肃穆、雄伟、壮观。四根华表的柱身均用整块石料雕成，呈圆柱形，直径1.5米，周身浮雕着朵朵云团，一条巨龙于云朵间盘绕柱身扶摇而上，带有呼之欲出的动态感。华表也叫擎天柱，又称墓表。起源于远古时代，初为木质，为纳谏而设，又叫诽谤木。在陵墓神道上设华表，在西汉时期就很流行，是木质华表，石刻华表在东汉时盛行。华表装饰着象征皇权的云龙图纹，作为皇家建筑的特殊标志，衬托出主体建筑的高大，使其更加宏伟壮观。

碑楼内，矗立着两统巨大的石碑，每统碑重56.55吨，碑身阳面用满汉两种文字镌刻着雍正皇帝生前的丰功伟绩，大约五千字，这是一部给雍正歌功颂德的重要资料。

绕过碑楼，是一座七孔石拱桥，这是清西陵四十九座桥梁中最长的，长107米，宽21米。(栏板上是二十四节气望柱头，又称火焰望柱头。柱头上有二十四条阴刻线，代表二十四节气。因为有河才有桥，而河位于田野之中，大地与田野不可分，与二十四节气有一定的关系，耕种、浇灌都离不开二十四节气。)像这样巨大而完美的石桥在中国是不多见的。它对于建筑物的布局组合起着连接作用，使组合群的层次明显，过渡自然，紧凑而不松散，同时也显示出一种庄严肃穆的气氛。

走下七孔桥，可见在神路的两侧对称排列着的雕刻精美的石望柱、石狮、石象、石马、武将、文臣等五对石像生。

望柱为六角形石柱，柱身雕流云纹饰，底部为六角形的须弥座。在宋代以前，石望柱置于墓道的最前面，为主要建筑，因为明、清陵时石牌坊作为陵墓前主要建筑，所以石望柱退居次要位置，纯属装饰。

石像生是设置在陵墓前的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，来显示死者生前的地位，身份。泰陵原来并未安设石像生，乾隆登基后，认为陵寝不设石像生，与典制不符，想在此泰陵增设石像生，而臣工们(风水大师：高其悼、洪文澜)则坚持：“泰陵甬道，系随山川之形势盘旋修理，如设立石像生，不能依其丈尺，整齐安设，而甬路转旋之处，必有向背参差之所，则于风水地形，不宜安设”。所以泰陵不设石像生并非违备典制，而是与风水有关。乾隆建议将大红门，龙凤门向南展拓，于是臣工们尊旨赴现场审核了原有计划并向乾隆奏议：“大红门正在龙蟠虎踞之间，护北面随龙升这旺气，纳南面特朝环抱之水，前朝后拱，天心十道，时天造地设之门户，不便展拓向外，况石像生之设，古制未详，无大关典礼之处，似可毋庸添设”。一言九鼎的天子，面对臣工的据理力争，也无可奈何，于是在奏折上批道：“知道了”。此事不了了之。事隔几年，乾隆旧事重提，最终在1748年，大臣拗不过皇帝，在泰陵前安设了五对石像生，这样就失去了龙凤门横陈为底景的依托，而又失去了石像生拱卫迎候于门前，聚巧形而展示的效果。所以泰陵石像生在所有建筑中是一个败笔，但由于臣工们极端负责的态度与皇帝的据理力争，所以也未伤及大雅。

蜘蛛山是泰陵的案山，据刘敦祯先生讲，此山系人工所为，可这里原有一座小山，又往上放了一些施工中剩下的废料。那么案山在陵区究竟起什么作用呢?因风水讲，无朝案遮拦未免飘散生气，所以案山会使陵区生气发越。

通向宝顶的引导大道—神道在里突然拐弯，是因为中国古建筑讲：贵含蓄，忌直接。

后面的建筑不能直接尽收眼底，应该慢慢展开，所以当我们漫步于弯弯曲曲的神道上，就好像置身于意向深远的空间环境氛围之中。

龙凤门是一座雍容华贵的建筑，为庑殿顶火焰式石牌坊柱门，黄色琉璃瓦的看面墙，墙下有宽厚敦实的洁白色须弥座，构成丰富细致，色彩斑澜、华丽富贵的形体，整座龙凤门充满了动势。高低错落的轮廓线，挺拔的石柱上雕刻云板、云墩和蹲龙，横直如矢的大小额坊和顶部火焰宝珠，看面墙上云纹腾龙的花心和岔角牡丹花叶，墙顶蓝绿色三彩斗拱所撑托的金色琉璃庑殿顶等等，都给人以丰富多彩，引人入胜的感受。龙凤门的近形风姿与远视气魄巧妙溶汇，相登相生，出神入化，给人以丰富的视觉艺术感受，不愧是古代哲匠的精心杰作。

三孔桥虽没有七孔桥那么宏大，但工匠师们都把它建造的小巧玲珑，优美动人，将两侧的栏板用优雅的券形曲线组合。站在三孔桥上驻足观看，陵寝宫殿群在紫色的永宁山衬托下，同时向东西两翼逶迤延展，把一种统一性的内涵，一种非同凡响的稳重、宁静、庄严肃穆的气氛，充分体现出来。

三路九孔桥并肩横跨于最后一座马槽沟上，除自然形成的三条河以外，后两道是人工开凿而成，山陵环境质量的完善非常注重对水的处理。水对于大地来说为血脉，能够造就大自然的钟灵毓秀，使生气发越;水还可以界分空间，形成丰富的空间层次及谐和的环境组合，而且山水相得如方圆中之规矩，山水相济如堂室之门户。因此陵区所有随桥泊岸，酌量地势修理，不使浸湿地宫;修筑堤坎，而且也使水流弯环，免其激射有声，破坏宁静的山陵气氛。所以马槽沟弯如飘带，柔如轻纱，造成“来宜曲水向我，去宜盘旋顾恋”的水势。充分体现出水对帝穴的留恋之情。所以陵区一山一水皆有义，一草一木总关情。

神厨库是座东朝西的小院，内建神厨。神库和省牲亭等建筑，是祭祀时制作和存放各种肉食品的地方。

神道碑亭又称小碑楼，内矗立皇帝谥号碑，重檐歇山，黄色琉璃瓦覆顶，四角翘飞，形式与大碑楼相仿，但规模缩减了二分之一左右。内竖一统石碑，用满、汉、蒙三种文字刻写着雍正皇帝谥号。

东、西朝房是为祭祀准备奶茶和瓜果的地方，又叫茶膳房，是根据关外奶房，果房的遗制而制造的。

东、西班房均为布瓦卷棚顶，为值班房，也叫守护房。清代皇帝继位之后，便大兴土木，耗费大量的人力、物力、财力为之修陵筑墓。因而皇陵的保护便成为重要任务，这一任务由深受皇帝信任的八旗兵来担负。他们采用换班的方法沿着陵院外的更道昼夜巡逻。如阴雨天气可在值班房内躲避休息。

隆恩门是进入宫殿区的门户，是整个陵寝组合群引导建筑的结束与主体建筑的开始。两侧是宽厚高大的朱红围墙，把宫殿区的所有建筑包围起来，使其形成结构严谨的两层院落。

焚帛炉，又叫燎炉，是为皇帝祭祀时焚烧五色纸和金银锞的地方。炉高4米，单檐歇山顶，周身用黄琉璃瓦构件制成，炉基为须弥座。炉内四壁及上下均为铁板，下面是三个铁槽，顶部两角各有一出烟孔，底座下部两侧各有一扒灰口。整座建筑比例适中，色调合协，雍容华贵，精巧秀致。

东配殿是存放祝板和制帛的地方，同时又是临时存放神牌的地方。每当大修隆恩殿时，帝、后的神牌就移到这里安放，在维修期间如遇上祭祀，也在此进行。西配殿则是喇嘛念经的地方，每当帝、后忌辰大祭之日，由永福寺派十三名喇嘛到此念经，为死去的皇帝超度亡灵。

正面的隆恩殿是陵寝地面建筑中最重要的建筑，为祭祀的主要场所。整座建筑建在巨大的汉白玉基座上，面阔五间、进深三间，重檐歇山式建筑，黄色琉璃瓦盖顶，显得庄严肃穆。其建筑结构非常牢固，所有的木件全部采用卯榫对接形式，梁、柱、檀、椽结合不死板禁锢，有灵活移动的余地，具有很强的防震功能。在发生强烈地震时，榫卯之间具有活动性能，将外部力量缓冲分解，震后仍可恢复原位。因此雍正八年以来的多次地震和一九七六年的唐山大地震，都没使清西陵的大木结构受到显著破坏，充分显示了中国古代工匠高超的建筑水平。

三座门也叫琉璃花门，中门比较高大，两侧墙上有琉璃岔角花和中心花，檐端用琉璃斗拱装饰。这种门占地面积较小，看上去显得较厚重，图案丰富，雍容华贵，具有很好的艺术效果。而且材料非常坚硬，耐高湿，有一劳永逸之功效。两侧分别接卡墙。阻隔南北，使宫殿区形成两层院落。清代建筑学家，不仅注重陵区单体建筑的形象与外观，而且更注重了它们之间的关系，组群布局发展到了登峰造极的地步，这种组群布局的实现依靠门户和墙体，将各单体建筑有效地组合分割，形成一个个院落，并将院落形成复杂的整体给人“庭院深深深几许”的意境。

二柱门横跨神道，石柱上架额坊，建筑形式为斗拱夹山顶。作为方城明楼的屏障。清朝前五代皇帝陵寝都在三座门以后建二柱门，自道光以后则裁撤，因为建筑中缩短了三座门与方城明楼之间的距离。

石五供是一组象征永久性祭祀的供品。基座是由三块巨石雕成的须弥座，这是我国传统建筑的台基样式，上面刻有八仙、八宝、八卦、琴棋书画等图案，所有这些都象征着吉祥如意，对研究中国古代的雕刻艺术有很好的参考价值。明楼属于纪念性的建筑物，高高地耸立在方城之上，使人置身于仰崇桥山的氛围之中，它与朱红色的墙体、金黄色的瓦顶与湛蓝的天空构成了一幅绚丽的画卷。

当我们踏上明楼在向南方远眺时，心中升起一种无比自豪的感觉。正前方五里之外的东西华盖山，九龙九凤山形成的自然门户，郁郁葱葱的古松树弥漫于30里内外，座座殿宇、桥梁、门房、树木山川疏密相间，错落有致，气势北京的故宫、颐和园、承德的避暑山庄，明十三陵大有过之无不及。清陵在中国建筑史上留下了辉煌的一页，是中华民族的骄傲，是世界人民的骄傲，所以英国著名科学家里约瑟说：“皇陵在中国建筑制式上是一重大成就，它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子”。雍正在选定易州境内天平峪时，说这里是：“乾坤聚秀之区，阴阳合会之所，龙穴砂石，无美不收，形势理气，诸吉咸备”的风水宝地。而历经180年，十四座陵寝完工以后，自然景观又加之人文景观，就形成了：“山自太行来，巍峨耸拔，脉秀力丰，峻岭崇岗，远拱于外，灵岩翠岫，环卫其间，迄下山岗无数，如手之有指，每两岗之平坦开拓处诸陵在焉，花之瓣，笋之箨，层层包护”，的人间胜境，是“龙蟠风翥，源远流长，左右回环，前后拱卫，实如金城玉笋的秀美风光”。

朋友们，到次为止，西陵的参观就告一段落，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

昌 陵

昌陵位于泰陵西侧1公里处，葬有嘉庆皇帝和孝淑睿皇后，自1796年开始修建到1803年峻工，距今已有190多年的历史。

昌陵是东、西陵中较有特色的一座，是研究清代陵寝制度不可多得的实物见证。在清代所有陵寝中昌陵是唯一一处由太上皇选定的陵址。1796年，乾隆在当满了60年皇帝之后，履行自己继位之初的诺言，让位于嘉庆，自己当上了名副其实的太上皇，并根据自己曾有谕旨：“嗣后吉地，各依昭穆次序;在东、西陵界内分建”。把自己在泰陵西侧1公里处选定的陵址赐给了儿子嘉庆。这对嘉庆来说是一种莫大的殊荣，同时也体现出太上皇的威严。

嘉庆皇帝是清朝入关后第五代皇帝，为乾隆的第十五子，37岁继承皇帝位，但仍由乾隆皇帝训政。嘉庆四年，太上皇驾崩，此时40岁的嘉庆才有了实权，而大清帝国也已从鼎盛的巅峰跌落下来，开始走下坡路。当时清王朝已危机四伏，内创累累。嘉庆皇帝在这种情况下，能够励精图治，革除弊政，全力维持祖宗留下的基业。但却墨守成规，遵循守旧，所以一生中没有什么特殊的政绩，昌陵正是在这样的背景下建造起来的。

尽管如此，昌陵的建筑规模与规制仍能与泰陵相媲美，除没有石牌坊、大红门、具服殿和七孔桥外，其它建筑的种类与式样均等同。而宝顶比泰陵宝顶还要高出数尺，圣德神功碑楼与隆恩殿也比泰陵的更为壮观。

昌陵隆恩殿的地面更独具特色，全部采用珍贵的紫花石铺墁。紫花石，产于河南，每块62厘米见方，呈正方形，磨光烫蜡，不滑不涩，缝细如线，平亮如砥，石面呈黄色，缀以天然形成的紫色花纹图案。其状如竹笋、似春蚕、若芙蓉、像绒球，千姿百态，在阳光照耀下，似满堂宝石，熠熠生辉，令人叹为观止，所以昌陵有“满堂宝石”之称。

隆恩殿内东暖阁的佛楼仍保持着当初的模样，其它各帝陵隆恩殿的佛楼，经过战争的毁坏，只剩下空间，唯独这座佛楼至今整体完好。佛楼分下、下两层，上层有木雕垂花，精湛优美，涂金闪亮;下层有木制边饰，朱红底色，鲜丽耀眼。按清代建陵规制，东暖阁均为佛楼，佛龛里供奉着金、银、玉、翠的佛像。

据现存的“雷氏图纸”中考证，昌陵地宫结构比泰陵还要宏大，雕刻也十分精美，为“四门九券”，且有佛像经文雕刻。与现已开放的清东陵境内乾隆的裕陵地宫规模装饰相近。而裕陵地宫为现已考证的清帝陵地宫中最为壮观、珍贵的一座，既是一座不可多得的石雕艺术宝库，又是一座庄严肃穆的地下佛堂。同样昌陵地宫也具有诱人的魅力，券顶外的宝顶封土内也有石雕，其结构造型与陵寝宫殿的瓦脊、勾滴等相同，先按地面建筑的要求营造好地宫，然后再覆土掩埋。形成清代皇帝陵寝地宫结构中独具特色的风格。

慕 陵

慕陵位于陵区的最西端，始建于一八三一年，完工于一八三五年，内葬道光皇帝及孝穆、孝全、孝慎三个皇后。慕陵建筑面积虽没有泰陵那样广阔，建筑也不如泰陵那样宏伟，布局更不如泰陵那样完善，但它那别出新裁的设计以及独特的建筑手法，却成为清代帝王陵寝中绝无仅有的艺术珍品。

按照乾隆开创的父、子分葬，选定东、西的“兆葬之制”，道光皇帝应该在清东陵境内选选址建陵，所以道光于1821年即位后，花费了七年的时间在东陵的宝华峪营建了陵墓，但后因施工质量问题，造成地宫浸水。于是道光皇帝便下令拆掉原陵，又于1831年来西陵祭祖之际亲自选定了一块高平之地—龙泉峪作为自己的万年吉地，第二次营建了陵墓。

这次建陵，道光皇帝一改其它帝陵的建筑特点，裁撤了石像生、圣德神功碑楼、方城明楼等项建筑，而且主体建筑的三大殿全部采用昂贵的金丝楠木制作，不施彩绘，保持了木本色。外面烫蜡。虽看起来不是那么富丽堂皇，但却赋予人们古朴，典雅的感觉。最令人惊叹的是在三座殿的门窗膈扇、梁柱、雀替、天花、藻井上布满了形态各异的木雕龙，尤其天花板上都以高浮雕的手法制成向下府视的龙头，有的地方还采用高出平面半尺有余的透雕手法。走进殿内，举目上望，但见龙头济口，张口鼓腮，栩栩如生。整个雕刻构思严谨，线条流畅，刀法娴熟，制作精巧，形象生动，充满着详和气氛，成为稀世珍品。使人仿佛来到了一座雕龙博物馆，难怪有人说：“慕陵是座雕刻艺术的殿堂”。

隆恩殿后面的三座门由一架天然汉白玉石牌坊代替，牌坊正中刻有“慕陵”二字，背面刻有道光皇帝亲笔诛谕：“敬瞻东北，永慕无穷，云山密尔。呜呼!其慕与慕也”。依清朝规制，帝、后陵名一般由后继皇帝钦定，但是慕陵名称却是道光皇帝生前亲自默定。道光十五年，他来西陵谒陵，顺便阅视了正在修建的陵寝工程，并赴隆恩殿至孝穆、孝慎梓宫前奠酒，而后立于月台上，仰望东北方感慨地写下了这道诛谕。道光驾崩后，咸丰即位，重读诛谕，见“其慕与慕也”一句，便心领神会，于是立刻命雕工把“慕陵”二字雕于牌坊之上。

无论从规划布局，还是建筑风格方面，慕陵处处体它的独到之处，成为清朝入关后皇帝陵寝建筑中的珍品。

崇 陵

崇陵是中国封建皇帝最后一座陵墓，始建于1909年，完工于1915年，内葬光绪皇帝和孝定景皇后。

崇陵工程是在光绪皇帝死后第二年才开始修建的，这与清朝建陵典制完全不符，大清皇帝在承袭了明代陵墓制度的同时，又不断完善陵寝制度，不仅活着的时候讲究安逸奢侈，而且死后在建筑陵寝上也要表示出至高无尚的尊贵地位。所以生前就选好陵址，并建好陵墓。

据考证，崇陵陵址是在光绪十三年(1887年)选定并定陵名，但由于当时的清王朝国库空虚，外债累累，加之光绪和慈禧之间形成了尖锐的矛盾和斗争，陵寝的营建就不可能了。直到1909年，光绪死后第二年，崇陵工程才开始动工修建，其间又值1911年辛亥革命爆发，工程被迫停止。1912年，末代皇帝溥仪向民国宣布退位时，向民国政府提出了八项优待皇室条件，其中第五条要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修。其奉安典礼仍如旧制，所有实用经费均由中华民国支付”。1913年春，民国政府根据这一条件，经协商之后立即拨款，并于1915年全部完工。

崇陵在建筑规模上比其它帝陵均小，没有大碑楼、石像生、二柱门等项建筑，但基本上沿袭了明、清两朝的陵寝制度，并集清代各陵的建筑经验于一体，采用先进的建筑技术，用料考究，主要建筑的三大殿全部采用质地坚硬的铜藻、铁藻木料构成，素有“铜梁铁柱”之称。隆恩殿内的四根明柱采用沥粉贴金盘龙装饰，为皇帝陵中的独到之处。檐下增设了通风孔，可使殿内空气流通，以防木料腐朽。就其建筑群体而论，设有较完备的排水系统，宫殿四角设有散水坡，便于雨水的排放。明楼与三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有十四个漏水眼与之相通，为地宫排水之用。

崇陵虽建于清末民初，但建筑规制仍宏伟壮观。在众多的建筑物中，地宫工程最为浩大，崇陵地宫如同其它帝陵的地宫一样，为拱券式石结构建筑，共有四门九券。墓道全长63.19米，面积349.95米，空间2170.65立方米。四道石门是地宫的重要组成部分，每扇石门上浮雕菩萨立像一尊，佛像大小与真人差不多，各个头戴佛冠，身披伽裟，足蹬莲花座，手持法器，分别代表力量、智慧、愿望、富贵等。过了四道门便是地宫九券中最大的一个券—金券，这里是地宫的主体建筑，高大宽敝，内有宝床，上面安放着皇帝、皇后的梓宫。

1938年，一伙不明身份的军人盗掘了崇陵地宫，1980年由政府将其清理并对外开放。虽然崇陵地宫没有乾隆的裕陵地宫那样规模宏大，雕刻精美，但它却成为研究晚清皇帝陵寝地宫规制的实物见证。

昌西陵

在清西陵境内共有三座皇后陵，分别为泰东陵、昌西陵和慕东陵，其中泰东陵，无论从规模、规制上都是清代后陵中的姣姣者，而昌西陵在这些方面却无法与之媲美，但它却形成了自己独到的建筑风格。在中国古建筑中只有两处回音壁，一处是天坛，而另一处以是昌西陵。

昌西陵始建于1851年，完工于1853年，内葬嘉庆的孝和睿皇后，清朝从康熙初期开始，皇后薨于皇帝之后，便另选陵址，不再合葬帝陵地宫，而且陵寝不再另立陵名，而按皇帝陵寝所处方位而定，因其陵寝在昌陵西侧，所以定陵名为昌西陵。

与其它皇后陵寝比起来，昌西陵的规制大为缩减。主要裁撤了方城明楼，缩减了隆恩殿和配殿的规制，隆恩殿由重檐歇山顶，面阔五间，改为单檐歇山，面阔五间，并裁撤了大殿及月台周围的石栏杆，不设丹陛石，配殿由五间改为三间。隆恩门也由五间改为三间，陵寝门的两个角门由带门楼改为随墙门，与妃园寝的园寝门一样。

尽管昌西陵规制大为缩减，较前代皇后陵大为逊色，但也有其独特和值得称道的地方。

昌西陵有回音壁。和其它陵寝一样，昌西陵后围墙也是弧形墙在陵寝建筑中叫罗圈墙，就可听到很大的回声，其形式和原理与北京天坛的回音壁一样，因此人们把昌西陵的罗圈墙也称作回音壁。

除回音壁以外，这里还有一块回音石，那就是宝顶前面倒数第七块条石。站在这块石头上讲话，就能听到比原声大十倍或数十倍的回声，所以人们称它为回音石，这种奇特的回音壁和回音石现象的出现，是声学原理和古代建筑形式的巧合。声波的波长肯定小于围墙半径，声波以束状沿墙连续反射前进，使声音像打电话般清晰地传到对方耳中。

正是由于昌西陵的独到的建筑风格，使它对游人产生了无可替代的魅力，同时也对研究古代建筑提供了不可多得的实物例证。

不难看出，清西陵是一部清朝历史的写照，体现了中国历代帝王陵寝的最高水准，更是一部精美的艺术杰作，座座陵寝都反映出清朝的历史文化，建筑文化，生态文化和风水文化。成为自然环境与陵寝建筑相结合的最伟大的例子。

朋友们，我们今天的旅游到此结束了，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

华亭寺原名大圆觉禅寺，元代至治三年(1323)玄峰和尚就大理国时期高氏别墅旧址建寺，明天顺六年(1462)，寺僧相晟主持重修，清康熙二十六年(1688)重修扩建后定名华亭寺。

一九二零年虚云老和尚主持重修，时称“靖国云栖禅寺”，为昆明地区的最大佛寺。1984落实党的宗教政策，华亭寺列入全国首批开放寺院，承蒙广众善士之功德，重修藏经楼、翻修殿堂、新建五百罗汉堂，修复文物古迹及古今名家匾联，增加现代书法楹联，完整地保护名山佛寺。

华亭寺结构完整、布局谨严、气势浑厚，对宗教文化及古代建筑艺术的研究均有重要价值。主要建筑有：大雄宝殿、藏经楼、撞钟楼、方丈、禅堂、祖堂、斋堂、客堂、钟、鼓楼及海会塔等。呈平面布局呈矩形，在佛教建筑中属中轴对称、封闭院落式类型。大雄宝殿内塑有三世金身佛像、南海观音和五百罗汉像，天王殿内塑有弥勒菩萨、四大天王、水火二金刚及韦驮菩萨，藏经楼供奉释迦牟尼汉白玉佛像。寺内珍藏有：元泰定元年(1324)梵文尊胜陀罗尼经咒石幢、明天顺圣旨碑、明代状元杨慎的楹联“一水抱城西，烟霭有无，柱杖僧归苍茫外;群峰朝阁下，雨晴浓淡，倚栏人在画图中”，等珍贵历史文物。

太华寺历经七百多年风雨兵燹的沧桑岁月，明清两代多次扩建和修葺，但主殿仍保持元代建筑风格。寺院座西面东，规模宏阔，布局严谨，四合五天井，走马戏角楼，展现了多民族传统的穿斗结构，寺内亭、阁、廊、池汇成曲，清幽恬静。

On the west side of Changchun City, there is a movie theme park integratingthe most advanced special effects movies in the world. It is a unique andamazing movie theme park in the world - Changying century city. Located by thebeautiful Jingyuetan in Changchun City, Jilin Province, Changying century cityis the first world-class film theme Entertainment Park in China, and a landmarkproject of Changying reform and second pioneering. At the end of last century,under the new historical conditions, Chinas film industry met severe challengesfrom the socialist market economy and other aspects. The famous Changyingstudio, known as the cradle of new Chinas film, also faced unprecedenteddifficulties in survival and development. Under the guidance and care of therelevant central departments and under the leadership of the Jilin provincialParty committee and the provincial government, Changying has actively andsteadily promoted the system reform and mechanism innovation, and established amodern enterprise system that is compatible with the socialist market economy,the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and the laws of filmcreation and production. On the basis of the success of the reform, Changyinggroup draws lessons from the successful experience of the international filmindustry, combines the modern film industry with the tourism industry, extendsthe film industry chain, creates the first world-class film theme EntertainmentPark in China, and creates a new model of Chinas big film era.

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