旅游导游词英语（精品20篇）

山塘街位于古城苏州的西北部，东连“红尘中一二等富贵风流之地”阊门，西接“吴中第一名胜”虎丘。全长3600米。因此被称作“七里山塘”。

七里山塘 唐宝历二年(820_年)，大诗人白居易从杭州调任苏州刺史，为了便利苏州水陆交通，开凿了一条西起虎丘东至阊门的山塘河，山塘河河北修建道路，称为“山塘街”，山塘河和山塘街长约七里，叫“七里山塘”。自古山塘街有“姑苏第一名街”之称。清乾隆帝壬午年(1762年)游江南，到七里山塘曾御笔书写“山塘寻胜”;如今山塘寻胜御碑亭仍然保存完好。乾隆帝对七里山塘情有独宠，回京后在颐和园后湖仿照七里山塘的模样修建了苏州街。

七里山塘是苏州古代的金粉地、闹市区(类似南京的夫子庙)，是开发的新景点。

虽然往日的繁华难以复制，但经过政府的努力，总算恢复了一条小河，几座弯月般的石桥，和两岸各一片白墙灰瓦的古宅。我们到的时候正是傍晚，河边的宅院都依次挂出红灯笼，红色的灯火同拱桥的身影一起映照在河水里，轻轻地荡漾着，让你不由得一声轻叹：这就是苏州。

山塘街和山塘河有典型江南水乡的风貌,家家户户前街后河，河上小船来往如梭，街上店铺林立。横跨河上的古桥有7座：山塘桥、通贵桥(又名瑞云桥)、星桥、彩云桥(又名半塘桥)、普济桥、望山桥(曾名便山桥)和西山庙桥，竖贯堤上的古桥有8座：白姆桥、毛家桥、桐桥(曾名洞桥、胜安桥)、白公桥、青山桥、绿水桥、斟酌桥和万点桥，而对岸竖贯之桥也是八座，有同善桥(小普济桥)、引善桥等。其中山塘桥、彩云桥、便山桥和洞桥四座桥建于宋代以前。其中通贵桥旁是明代南京吏部尚书吴一鹏的府第。星桥是昔日商业最繁盛的所在。西山庙桥南北两堍分别是花神庙和西山庙。而斟酌桥是山塘河、东山浜、野芳浜的交汇处，是当年画舫云集的所在，桥东堍的花园弄花香袭人，有不少诗词赞美斟酌桥畔的风光，例如：“斟酌桥头花草香，画船载酒醉斜阳。桥边水作鹅黄色，也逐笙歌过半塘。”、“半塘春水绿如渑，赢得桥留斟酌名。桥外酒帘轻扬处，画船箫鼓正酣声。”

大家好我是石导游，今天我们去的是长城。

长城是世界七大奇迹之一。远看长城像一条长龙，在嵩山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。

每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，很自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。单看这数不清的条石，一快有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车、汽车、没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，游客们!现在我们已经开始顺势走下长城。游客们!踏着这方砖，才凝结成这前不见头、后不见尾的万里长城。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹，这就是万里长城。

Hello, everyone!

Welcome to Jiuhua Mountain. Im Li Qiang, the tour guide of China Taihetravel agency. Just call me Xiao Li! Im very happy with your arrival today. Atthe same time, I hope my service can satisfy you. Standing next to me is masterWang, the driver of our tour. Master Wang has more than ten years of drivingexperience. Im very skilled in driving. You can give us two hearts, restassured to our Master Wang, happy to me, lets share this journey together.

Members of the group, our tour bus is driving on the Foguang avenue intothe mountain. As it will take a long time from here to Jiuhua street, Id liketo introduce Jiuhua Mountain to you first. Jiuhua Mountain is mainly located inChizhou City and Qingyang County. It is an important scenic spot in the north oftwo mountains and one lake in Anhui Province. The area of the scenic spot is 120square kilometers. Jiuhua Mountain covers 174 square kilometers and is now anational 5A scenic spot. A national tourist area. One of the four famousBuddhist mountains in China. It is known as an International Buddhist dojo.

Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui Province has a beautiful scenery. In the SouthernDynasties, the mountain was so high that it was called Jiuzi mountain. Li Bai, agreat poet of Tang Dynasty, visited Jiuhua Mountain and saw the lotus flowers onthe nine peaks. He wrote that "there are two wonderful things, and Lingshanopens Jiuhua." Its a beautiful poem. Jiuhua Mountain is a famous granitemountain. Its main peak, Shiwang peak, is 1342 meters above sea level. It is abeautiful place in Jiuhua Mountain.

Anhui Jiuhua Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains inChina. Together with Putuo Mountain, Emei Mountain and Wutai Mountain, it iscalled the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. In the 7th century A.D., theprince of Silla sailed to the East and visited famous mountains. He finallychose Jiuhua Mountain and practiced hard for decades. After his death, his bodywas not rotten. People thought that Jin qiaojue was the incarnation of theBodhisattva of the king of Tibet. From then on, Jiuhua Mountain was regarded asthe Taoist temple of the Bodhisattva of the king of Tibet. From then on, theking of Tibetans was also called jintibetans.

OK, at this moment, our tour bus has arrived at the entrance of Jiuhuastreet. Please take your belongings and get off to enter the scenic spot.

Ladies and gentlemen, the gate of Jiuhua holy land, which is 9 meters highand 8.5 meters high, is in front of us. Do you know who wrote the word "JiuhuaHoly Land" on the banner? Yes, its written by Emperor Kangxi. Through the gatesquare, is there an extraordinary feeling of entering the holy land

Friends, at this moment, we are here at the earliest Palace temple inJiuhua Mountain, namely, the Zhiyuan temple. Zhiyuan temple is now a nationalkey temple and the only descendant jungle temple in Jiuhua Mountain. It is atypical composite building. Its Mountain Gate deviates from the central axis ofthe main hall. The external Mountain Gate is not the carelessness of theconstruction, but the attention. It is said that one is to avoid evil, and theother is to face kaishanzu temple and Huacheng temple. Moreover, on the frontwall of Zhiyuan temple, there is a big word "Taishan shigandang" which is veryeye-catching. It is said that it is also for avoiding evil spirits andsuppressing demons, which is unique to Zhiyuan temple.

The Dharma of Zhiyuan temple is solemn and complete, which is the best ofall. There are statues of Maitreya, four heavenly kings, Bodhisattva Weituo andeighteen Arhats in the temple. Among them, the most solemn one is the 12 meterhigh pharmacist Buddha, Amitabha Buddha and Sakyamuni Buddha. The statues ofBuddha, Bodhisattva and arhat in the temple are arranged in a standard way withexquisite workmanship and vivid images.

Zhiyuan temple was built in the Ming Dynasty, ranking first among the fourjungles in Jiuhua Mountain. The Jiuhua Mountain Buddhist Association has heldmany large-scale preaching, preaching and praying for peace and disaster reliefDharma meetings here. Now it holds more than 1000 Buddhist activities such aswaterway Dharma meeting and Yankou every year. It is one of the Buddhistactivity centers in the whole mountain.

Now we come to Huacheng temple. Huacheng temple is the first temple inJiuhua Mountain. Now it is a national key temple, and it was turned into amuseum of historical relics in the late 1970s. The exhibition materials aredivided into two parts: the first part shows Jin dizangs life story; the secondpart shows precious historical relics. Some of the Scriptures are the treasuresof the temple.

There is a release pool in front of the temple. It is said that it was dugby Jin dizang when he led his disciples to build Huacheng temple. In front ofthe pool is Huacheng square, on which there is an empress tower in memory ofjindizangs mother.

The next thing we are going to do is go to Zen hall. Shangchan hall islocated on the hillside in the south of Shenguang Lingnan, which is a nationalkey protected temple. Shangchan hall has three characteristics: the mostpeaceful incense, the best scenery and the most beautiful temple. The TV seriesjourney to the West was filmed here.

After visiting shangchan temple, we come to the most wonderful body hall.The body hall, also known as "Dicang tomb", was built in the first year ofZhenguan of Tang Dynasty. It was originally a three-story stone pagoda, and theburied body was jindicang body, so it is commonly known as the body pagoda.Because there was golden light in the base of the pagoda, later generationsnamed it Shenguang mountain. The characteristics of the hall of flesh can besummarized as "there are towers in the hall, tanks in the towers, and flesh inthe tanks." Please follow me into the hall. Please look at the 16 gold words onthe banner over there, "all living beings are exhausted, and Bodhi is proved.Hell is empty, and I swear not to become a Buddha." Its the vow of Bodhisattvadizang. Actually, Bodhisattva dizang could have become a Buddha, but he iswilling to go to the most miserable hell of the six samsara to spread all livingbeings. If hell is not empty, he will not become a Buddha. Before the birth ofMaitreya Buddha in the future, he undertakes the important task of universalsalvation. The body hall is the symbol of Jiuhua Mountain. Every time there is aDharma meeting in Tibet, there is a sea of people and it is unprecedented.

Attention, everyone. We are going to take the cable car to the centenarypalace immediately. Please pay attention to your safety and line up orderly.

Now we are in the centenary palace. Baishuigong, also known as baishuian,is now a key national temple dedicated to the body of monk Haiyu. In thearchitecture, the terrain of high in the South and low in the north is used toform a five story horse passage. The temple is integrated with the surroundingpeaks, stones and caves, and the temple is combined with the mountain. Thecentenary palace is the representative of Jiuhuashan ancient temple, which iswell received by Chinese and foreign tourists. Dear tourists, todays tour ofJiuhua Street scenic spot is over. Thank you very much for your support andcooperation. Please forgive me if there are any problems.

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到昆明旅游。

在云南中部，有一片波光浩渺的湖水，俨如高原上镶嵌的一颗璀璨晶莹的明珠，这就是古老的“滇南泽”，因距昆阳城最近，故又名“昆阳湖”，即人们熟悉的“五百里滇池”。以往诗人对她描写是：昆池千顷浩溟漾，浴日滔天气量洪，倒映群峰来镜里，雄吞六河入胸中。坐落在这美丽高原湖畔的城市，就是春城昆明。昆明是云南省的省会，位于云贵高原中部，四面环山，南临滇池，六河纵横，中间一马平川，形成了膏腴沃壤的昆明坝子。

昆明地处云贵高原中部，市中心海拔1,891米。南濒滇池，三面环山。属于低纬度高原山地季风气候，由于受印度洋西南暖湿气流的影响，日照长、霜期短、年平均气温15摄氏度。气候温和，夏无酷暑，冬不严寒，四季如春，气侯宜人，是极负盛名的“春城”。为此前人有诗描写它的特点是：昆明腊月可无裘，三伏轻棉汗不流，梅绽隆冬香放满，柳舒新岁叶将稠。每年的12月到来年的3月，一群群躲避北方海域寒风的红嘴鸥，万里迢迢地从远方飞来，落栖在昆明城中。

昆明还是自然景观和人文景观的荟萃之地。悠久的历史、独特的地质结构，为昆明留下了众多的文物古迹和风景名胜。昆明市是一个发展中的国际旅游城市，目前，已形成了以世博会为中心的集自然风光和民族风情为一体的多功能的四季皆宜的旅游胜地。

昆明海拔746米至4247米，面积15942平方公里，建成区98平方公里，直辖盘龙、五华、西山、官渡四个区和呈贡、晋宁、安宁、富民、嵩明、宜良、路南、禄劝八个县。人口3635212人，有汉、彝、回、白、苗、蒙古等25个民族，少数民族人口占12.6%，城区人口1611969人。

天柱山位于安徽省潜山县的天柱山是国家重点4A级风景名胜区，它风景秀美，以奇石、怪柱闻名，一年四季景色宜人，素有“小黄山”的美称。去年暑假，我有幸和爸爸一起游玩了天柱山。

为了享受登山的乐趣，我们没有坐缆车，而是徒步前行，走在光滑的石板路上，望着两旁的风景，听着林中鸟儿的欢叫，我们不知不觉就来了天柱山的第三高峰——飞来峰。传说当年女娲补天时不慎将一块五彩石丢在了天柱山的一座山峰上，飞来峰因此得名。整座山由一块巨石构成，峰顶上的飞来石像一顶皇冠，端端正正地戴在飞来峰顶上。飞来石给人一种摇摇欲坠的感觉，让人看了胆战心惊。许多游客看到飞来石，都会惊讶地张大嘴巴。

离开了飞来峰，我们继续向前，经过一番艰苦的攀登，我们终于来到了天柱山的第一高峰——天柱峰。说它是第一高峰，一点不为过，只见它高耸入云，像一根擎天柱，屹立在云端，既壮观又雄伟。要想和天柱峰合个影，可不容易，因为它时常云雾缭绕。这不，我们刚想拍个照，天空突然下起了雾，天柱峰没一会儿就躲进了云雾中，若隐若现的天柱峰让我们感觉到自己仿佛置身于仙境之中。正当我为此感到遗憾时，一阵大风吹过，天柱峰再次清晰地出现在我们眼前，我兴奋地大叫着，赶紧把它抓拍了下来。

“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳，天柱归来不看峰。”天柱山美得像一幅画，我置身于群山中，心情格外开朗。美丽的天柱山，我还会再来的!

各位游客朋友，须弥山石窟具有两大特点。一是须弥山佛教石窟艺术兴盛与古丝绸之路关系密切。须弥山所处的位置自古以来就是中原通往河西走廊、大漠南北的交通枢纽和战略要地。“丝绸之路”开通后这里又成为“丝绸之路”东段北道的必经之地，是由长安到西域的最短的必经之地。到了唐代，唐王朝为了加强边疆防卫，又在这里设立了“石门关”，直接制约着中原与西域的军事与交通，使这里有着“关中咽喉”之称。石门关，是隋唐前后著名的七关之一，为西北通往都城长安的要冲，是屏蔽中原及长安的门户。二是须弥山石窟的分布格局与众不同，国内大多数石窟都开凿在一座石崖上，而须弥山石窟开凿在鸿沟相隔的八座石山上，格局奇特，而且各沟之间有梯桥相连。各沟之间都已架梯搭桥，以方便游览。

各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了须弥山博物馆参观。该馆位于宁夏固原市，建筑面积5558平方米，陈展面积4500平方米。博物馆由序厅和尾厅加上五个单元组成。第一单元“丝路开通”。从公元前138年张骞出使西域开始，通过场景复原、文物陈列手段展示了丝绸之路开通以后给固原带来的文化经济繁荣。第二单元“佛教东传”运用场景复原、文物陈列和多媒体技术，展示了佛教从印度诞生并东传进入中原大地的历史进程。第三单元“须弥之光”再现了丝绸之路上古原州商贾如流、物阜民丰的繁荣景象r展示了须弥山从石窟初凿、兴盛、高峰期到衰落几个部分，反映了须弥山石窟发展的全过程。第四单元“佛国众生”运用图版、石窟雕像复原、文物陈列和多媒体演示等手段系统介绍了佛国世界各类形象，是专题的佛教知识单元。第五单元“佛窟集萃”用图片展示和多媒体技术系统地介绍了印度阿旅陀、阿富汗巴米扬和中国各具特色的18处著名石窟。陈展中运用科技媒介、艺术创作、文化象征等多种手段全面展示丝绸之路文化和佛教石窟艺术，将游客带进了全景式的探秘丝绸之路、欣赏佛教石窟艺术的殿堂。

Lion forest, one of the four famous gardens in Suzhou, has a history ofmore than 650 years and is the representative of garden in Yuan Dynasty. No.23Yuanyuan Road, located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province,is a rectangle with a width from east to west, covering an area of 1.1 hectaresand an open area of 0.88 hectares. There are rockeries all over the park,surrounded by long corridors, buildings looming, winding paths leading toseclusion, with the general feeling of maze. The wall of the corridor isembedded with the calligraphy steles of Su Shi, Mi Fu, Huang Tingjian and CaiXiang, as well as the inscription of plum blossom poem by Wen Tianxiang of theSouthern Song Dynasty. This garden was built by Zen master tianru of YuanDynasty in memory of his teacher, Zen master Zhongfeng. In the first gate, theteacher of "Shizilin" is the teachers teacher. Later, because there were manyrockeries in the garden, which looked like a lion, it was changed to the LionForest in the way of writing, and has been used up to now. The word "LionForest" on the forehead of the ticket office was written by Emperor Qianlong ofthe Qing Dynasty.

Step into the garden, you can see a hall, which is the Bei ancestral hall.In the middle of the plaque, there is Gu Tinglongs handwritten "Yunlin Yiyun",which is one of the designers of lion forest. Ni Yunlins design has the charmof emptiness and quietness. The wooden railings on both sides of the corridorare carved with peony, Phoenix and Shou characters, and hanging screens withvases and shell leaves. Beiye is used to write Buddhist scriptures, which notonly reflects that Shizilin is a place for Zen to study Buddhism, but also hascommemorative significance, because the last master of Shizilin is Beiye. Theancestral hall is a place for worshiping and worshiping ancestors and gatheringof clansmen. On the roof, there are statues of three immortals, Fu, Lu and Shou,and a child. It shows that the garden owner hopes that his descendants can beoutstanding and glorify their ancestors. At the entrance of the corridor, thereis the word "Chunhua", which means the garden is full of spring. Please goahead.

It is said that the stone lions in the lion forest came from TianmuMountain in Zhejiang Province. The eight immortals tie Guai Li and LV Chunyangwent to the banquet of the queen mother and rode a green lion past TianmuMountain. From the top of the mountain came a clear spring. Li Zheng, Tieguai,was thirsty. He was very happy and fell down to Yuntou. He took down his owngourd and went to the spring to drink. The green lion also jumped into the waterto play. After a moment, the lion climbed up to the shore and shook his body.The water on his body was scattered on the surrounding rocks, and suddenlybecame a group of lively and lovely little lions. The green Lion plays with thelittle lions intimately. Tieguai Li smiles and says to LV Yuyang, "look, thegreen lion has moved everyones heart. Now that there are so many descendants,lets punish him to be a lion king here." After that, with the help of the ironcrutch, the lions turned back to the appearance of stones, and the green lionsturned into a mountain peak because they couldnt bear to leave.

In Song Renzongs time, Zhongfeng monk of Zhejiang Guoshi temple had aprofound Buddhism. One day, he traveled to Tianmu Mountain and recitedscriptures in Jielu. Every morning, he recited scriptures in front of Qingshimountain. It turned out that he was an eminent monk and knew the origin ofshiziyan and shizifeng. Lion is called lion dragon (Su ā nn í) in Buddhism. Itis the beast of Buddhism. He wants to enlighten the green lion and make itreturn to its original appearance. For a long time, because I often listen tothe eminent monks words, I became a spirit and became a green lion again. Thegreen lion became monk Zhongfengs mount. Monk Zhongfeng rode the green lion tovisit his apprentice tianru Zen master in Puti temple in Suzhou. There were manystrange stones in Puti temple, and the shape of them was vivid, like many lions.The green lion was very happy and thought that he had returned to the lioncolony in the Buddhist kingdom, so he changed into a lion bee, and the lion furscattered on the green lion became a variety of lion cubs. Some are playing withHydrangea, some are fighting with two lions, and some are full of prestige. WhenZen master tianru saw his hands together, he even said "Amitabha". He praisedmaster tianru for his boundless power and perfect merits. Bodhi Temple becamethe kingdom of Buddha and lion. Monk Zhongfeng said, "it might as well be calledlion forest." So the stone lions in the lion forest are famous.

Green lion is very happy to stay in the lion forest, but he is worriedabout Tieguai Li. In a fit of anger, he punished the green lion to stay at thetop of Tianmu Mountain. When he went back, he was a little reluctant to thinkabout it. When he went back to look for it, there was no trace. Tieguai Li Yuvisited all the famous mountains and rivers, but he had no whereabouts. One daywhen I passed by Suzhou, I saw the Lion Peak in the lion forest from a longdistance. Isnt it the green lion. After entering the rockery group of lionforest, tie Guai Li walked slowly and lost contact with LV Chunyang. I saw LuChunyang in front of me from a distance, but I couldnt get out of the rockeryto meet him. Tieguai Li was in a hurry and sat in the cave in a hurry. LVChunyang always loses to tie Guai Li in chess. He thinks that this opportunityhas come, so he asks tie Guai Li to play a game of chess in the false cave. IfLV Chunyang wins, he will carry him out. Tieguai Li agreed because he lost lessand won more in chess in the past. Unexpectedly, because he was trapped in arockery, he was in a panic and was killed by LV Chunyang.

Tieguai Li had no choice but to beg for mercy from LV Chunyang. Lu Chunyangsaid: "I think the green lion is very happy to stay in the lion forest, so Illstay here with the lion grandson.". Tie Guai Li was eager to go out and agreed.Lu Chunyang took tieguaili out of the rockery.

Now when you go to the rockery in the lion forest, you have to be careful.Dont be as stubborn as Li. The game of chess he lost in those years is still inthe rockery cave.

The lion forest is mountainous in the southeast and watery in thenorthwest. It is surrounded by high walls, deep houses and winding corridors.Taking the central pool as the center, building houses by piling mountains,transplanting flowers and trees, and erecting bridges and pavilions make thelayout of the whole garden compact and full of the artistic conception of "closeto the mountains and forests". The lion forest is famous for its pavilions,terraces, towers, pavilions, halls, pavilions and corridors. It is also known asthe "rockery kingdom". There are many and exquisite rockeries in Shizilin, withexquisite rocks, winding caves and ravines, which are like entering a maze. Itis known as "Eighteen scenes of Taoyuan". At the top of the cave, there are manystrange peaks and rocks, all like a lion dancing. There are Hanhui, tuyue,Xuanyu, angxia and other famous peaks, and the Lion Peak is the first of them.The main building in the park is Yanyu hall, behind which is a small square halland Lixue hall. To the west, you can get to Baixuan, which is a two-story atticwith a veranda all around. Its tall, cool and exquisite. To the west of Baixuanis guwu pine garden. The southwest corner is jianshanlou. From Jianshan tower tothe west, you can get to the lotus hall. In the northwest of the hall, there isa Jianzhen interesting Pavilion near the pool. The pavilion is decorated withexquisite ornaments, and the figures and flowers are lifelike. There are twostone boats beside the pavilion. The stone boat shore is the dark fragrantstudio, from which you can turn south along the corridor to reach the waterfallPavilion, which is the highest place in the garden. The West scenery center ofthe garden is Wenmei Pavilion, in front of which is shuangxianxiang Pavilion.Shuangxiangxian pavilion has a fan Pavilion in the southwest corner and acourtyard behind it, which is fresh and elegant.

Shizilin used to be the back garden of Bodhi orthodox temple. In 1341 ad,Zen master tianru, an eminent monk, came to Suzhou to preach Buddhist scripturesand was welcomed by his disciples. In the following year (the second year ofemperor Shundi Zhizheng, the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty), the disciplesbought land and set up a house to build a Zen forest for Zen master tianru.Built in 1342 A.D. in the second year of Zhizheng reign of the Yuan Dynasty, thegarden was built by the disciples of Zen master tianru Weize for his master. Itwas initially named "Shizilin Temple", and later renamed "Puti Zhengzong Temple"and "Shengen Temple".

In the sixth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1373), 73 year old greatcalligrapher Ni Zan (named Yunlin) passed through Suzhou. He once participatedin gardening and wrote poems and paintings (painted with the picture of the lionforest), which made the lion forest famous and became a resort for Buddhistpreaching and literati writing poems and paintings. In the early Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty, the temple garden became a private property, isolated fromthe temple hall. It was also called wusongyuan because there were five pinetrees in the garden.

In the 17th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1589 A.D.), monks of theMing family came from Changan to rebuild the Shengen temple and the Buddha Hallin Shizilin, and reappear the prosperous scene. During the reign of EmperorKangxi, the temple and the garden were separated. Later, it was bought by Huangxingzu, the father of Huang Xi and the magistrate of Hengzhou, and named"Sheyuan".

On February 11, 1703, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty toured here andgranted "Lion Forest Temple". Later, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty touredthe lion forest six times and successively granted "mirror wisdom and roundlight", "painting Zen Temple" and existing "zhenqu" plaques. In the 36th year ofthe Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1771 AD), Huang Xi was the number onescholar in senior high school. He refined his mansion and reorganized thecourtyard, and named it "wusongyuan". By the middle of the reign of EmperorGuangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Huangs family was in decline, and the garden hadfallen, but the rockery was still there.

In 1917, Shanghai pigment giant Pei Runsheng (the great grandfather of theworld-famous architect I.M. Pei) bought the lion forest from Li Zhongyu, thechief civil affairs officer. It took nearly seven years to renovate the lionforest. Some new scenic spots were added and named "Lion Forest". For a time,lion forest covered Suzhou city. Beirunsheng was preparing for the opening up,but he failed because of the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war. Afterbeirunsheng died in 1945, Shizilin was managed by his grandson beihuanzhang.After liberation, the descendants donated the garden to the state, and Suzhougarden management office took over the renovation and opened it to the public in1954.

Due to the rise and fall of the forest garden, the temple, garden and housewere separated and combined, the traditional gardening techniques and Buddhistideas were integrated, and the modern Bei family introduced the Westerngardening techniques and ancestral temple into the garden, making it a templegarden integrating the principles of Zen and the pleasure of garden.

1、 Hall, car Hall

Enter the east gate of lion forest from Garden Road, which was the maingate of Chengxun Yizhuang. On the door hung a plaque written by EmperorQianlong. Before liberation, when it was a private house, it was not easy toopen it. After liberation, it was opened as the main gate of Shizilin. The highthreshold was the sedan hall, which was the place where the sedan cars used tostop. Opposite to the car door was the west gate. Above the two doors were brickforehead, respectively titled "right access" and "left access".

2、 Yan Yutang

Now we have come to Yanyu hall. Yanyu means peace and happiness. "YanYutang" comes from the book of songs, which says "Yan Yutang is famous for itsstyle, but you cant shoot.". Yan Yu: Yan Er entertainment; Wu she: never stop.Form: as a modal particle. Reputation: Tongyu, happy. Shoot (Y ì): disgust."Zheng Jian" said: "shoot, hate also." How happy it is to have a dinnertogether. I love you forever. This hall is the main hall of the whole garden. Itwas originally used by the master of the garden to entertain guests. This hallis a famous mandarin duck hall in Suzhou gardens. The so-called Yuanyang hall isin a hall, which is divided into North and south parts by screen doors. From theinside, it seems that the two halls are connected, but the layout is different.The beams and columns of the North Hall are made of round logs, and the beamsand columns of the south hall are made of square logs. The door and windowpatterns and furniture layout of the two halls are different, and the plaqueshave their own titles. At the same time, the front hall is generally the placewhere the host entertains the male guests, while the back hall is the placewhere the hostess meets the female guests. The architectural style is absolutelydifferent, which reflects the feudal thought that men are superior to women.Please have a look at the foot of what is the word, right! Its a word "Shou".There are five bats on the side. It means "five blessings" and "Shou" comesfirst, so Shou is the center. It shows that the owner hopes that he and hisfamily will live a long and healthy life, have many children and grandchildren,be peaceful and happy.

3、 Small square hall

Now we come to the small square hall, which is named because it is square.If you look at the large empty windows on both sides, we can feel that they aretwo pictures. Outside the east window are plain preserved Chimonanthus andoutside the west window are urban mountain forests. This is a kind of gardeningart of Suzhou gardens, called frame view. It can change with the change ofseasons and the movement of feet. We might as well have a try. The hall ischaracterized by square architecture and components, and the three pavilions andarches are a small and exquisite gathering place for literary society. Under theback window of the hall is the "golden brick". This brick is specially baked forthe Qing Dynasty palace floor.

4、 Jiushifeng

Out of the small square hall, you can see the nine Lion Peak in the hallgarden. This peak stands in front of the wall. At first glance, it looks likenine lions playing freely. If you look at this stone and see the changing cloudsin the sky, you must cooperate with imagination. The beauty lies between theimage and the non image. There are half pavilions in the East and west of thecourtyard to extrude space to highlight the nine Lion Peak. If you lookcarefully, you will find nine lions in different shapes. They are charming,naive and lovely. There are 500 lions of different sizes and shapes in the lionforest. We will see many more in the future.

5、 Zhibaixuan

Through the brick "fun" (from Tao Yuanmings "garden day care to becomefun" sentence), we come to zhibaixuan. This is where monks preach. In the TangDynasty, when the Zen master Cong Zong (known as Zhao Zhou FA Dao) was teachingZen Buddhism, no matter what his disciples asked him, he always said: "cypressin front of the court", which means that the Zen practitioners should understandit by themselves from the mysterious hints. So it is named Baixuan. This is alsothe place where the relatives of the Bei family get together. The plaque "YifengZhibai", written by Wang Tongyu, is hung above the hall. "Zhibai" refers to thecase of Zen Buddhism, while "Yifeng" refers to the allusion of Shi Feng made byMi Fu in Song Dynasty. The following is the painting of Shoubai, which wasjointly produced by famous calligraphers and painters in 1988. Zhang Xinjiapainted red plum, Wu Mumu wrote ancient cypress, Xu Shaoqing painted Lake stone,and Fei Xini wrote inscriptions. There are stairs behind the screen door to goupstairs. The third floor is also called Tingyu building, which is named afterthe garden owners collection of stone rubbings. Its named after the window.Looking from the window, you can see that there are many strange peaks on theopposite side.

In front of the hall, there are rockeries, cypresses and dragons. Woyunbaois located among the rockeries. This rockery is the most famous rockery in theclassical gardens. There are four paths in it, which are intertwined andintricate. Emperor Qianlong didnt go out after two hours. There is also achessboard hole in it. It is said that LV Dongbin and tie guaili played chess.There are some famous stones such as Hanhui and tuyue on the false peak. Thereare strange pines and cypresses between the stones, just like a beautifullandscape painting. It is said that Emperor Qianlong once took a picture here.Please take a photo here.

6、 Jianshanlou

The false mountain peak can be seen from the window of this building, whichis named after the poetic meaning of Tao Qian of Jin Dynasty: "pickingchrysanthemums under the East fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan". However, thisbuilding is close to the rockery, and there is a direct access to the rockery onthe second floor. It can be said that the building is built on the rockery. Thearea of jianshanlou is only one tenth of that of zhibaixuan. That is to say, itsets off the height of zhibaixuan and does not compete with rockery. It can besaid that it has unique ingenuity.

8、 Hualan Hall

We went west through the corridor to the flower basket hall. The flowerbasket hall is named after the flower basket shape carved on the column end ofthe hall and decorated with the flower basket pattern. In 1945, a Japanesesurrender ceremony was held in this hall. The screen door was engraved with ahuge picture of Matsushita, and the official script horizontal plaque "wind inthe water" indicated that it was a good place to enjoy the lotus in summer.Originally known as "Lotus hall", it was burned down in 1968, and then movedfrom Zheng house in loumen to Hualan hall. The so-called flower blue hall is asmall hall, in which the walking column does not fall to the ground, but ischanged into a very short heavy lotus column, and the end of the column iscarved into a flower blue shape.

9、 Zhenqu Pavilion

Out of the flower basket hall to the west is zhenqu Pavilion. The word"zhenqu" was written by Emperor Qianlong himself. There is such a story. In theQing Dynasty, when Emperor Qianlong visited the garden, Huang Xi, the number onescholar, saw the three words "really interesting" written by Emperor Qianlong.He felt that the word "you" was too vulgar, so he asked the emperor to bestowthe word "you" and left the word "really interesting". There is a "scholar hat"decoration on the pavilion, which has far-reaching implications. It is said that"the scholar is the prime ministers Root Seedling". To become the number onescholar, we must start from the scholar. Garden idea is to educate futuregenerations to study hard, hoping that one day they will win the title of thegold medal. The same principle applies today when tall buildings rise from theground. Now, we can enjoy the scenery of Huxin Pavilion, Jiuqu bridge, stoneboat, waterfall, pool and lake, and take photos as a souvenir. After that, wewill gather in the east of the stone arch bridge, drill holes and climbmountains to really appreciate the charm of the world-famous "rockery kingdom".The plaque of "zhenqu" was inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty when hevisited the lion forest. The painted pillars and carved beams in the pavilionare resplendent, showing the royal style completely different from the elegantgarden architecture in the south of the Yangtze River. The pavilion issurrounded by picturesque scenery. In the East, you can see the flower baskethall near the water. In the south, you can see the rockery group near the water.In the west, there are mountains and waterfalls. Looking to the west, thepavilion in the center of the lake, the Jiuqu Bridge and the stone arch bridgedivide the lake into three scenes: near, middle and far.

10、 Dark fragrance studio

The name of this building comes from the famous saying: the shadow isslanting, the water is clear, the fragrance is floating, and the moon is atdusk. The shadow of sparse plum is horizontally and obliquely reflected on theclear water surface at dusk

海南分界洲岛的英语导游词

海南分界洲岛拥有很多美丽的风景，也会吸引很多国外友人的来旅游，以下是小编整理的分界洲岛的英语导游词，欢迎阅读参考。

分界洲岛英语导游词

Demarcation islet is a small-shaped island in the south China Sea ,high at both ends low in the middle .Its Chinese name sounds FEN JIE ZHOU DAO .It faces Cow Ridge four or five km away Historically,it was used the geographical demarcation .The islet covers an area of one square kilometer.

Cow ridge gets its name from its shape .seen from either of the sides ,the ridge is a walking cow .If you look at it from Demarcation Islet ,the ridge is a big with its mouth open .Cow ridge is also called Demarcation Ridge ,because it creates an important division of Hainan island .Even in the ancient times ,local people noticed the difference between the lands on each side of the mountain . Climate Boundary

Hainan island is located in the tropical zone ,but the climate on each side of Cow Ridge is different .In the north it is warm,humid and pluvious .However ,in the south the temperature is two or three degrees higher ,and the weather is always sunnier and drier .it is for this reason that from the angle of Demarcation Islet ,you can always see the wonder of "is is rainy at the Cow s head ,but sunny at its tail ". Administrative boundary

Demarcation Islet is the boundary between Wanning City and Lingshui County. Wanning is in the north and lingshui is in the south .a boundary stone tablet is on the ridge . National-culture boundary

In the ancient times ,this natural dividing line was the national boundary of Hainan -the boundary between Han nationality and Li nationality .There were mainly Li people in th south of the ridge ,while there were mostly Han people in the north of the ridge .

Friends ,please follow me .now we are at the harbor of the Demarcation Islet Ecological and Cultural Toursim resort is divided into two parts :the demarcation islet and the harbor service .please look at the north .The ridge is really like a cow .

There are also many kinds of plants on the ridge ,giving the ridge a green coat .So it is not only a boundary ,but also a very beautiful scenic spot .Now ,please enjoy yourselves .

Dear passengers, Hello!

Taohuayuan, also known as Taoyuan mountain, is also known as "paradise".During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the areafirst belonged to the state of Chu and then to the state of Qin. According tothe book of the later Han Dynasty, Qianzhong county was renamed Wuling County inthe fifth year of emperor Gaodi of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), "two thousand andone hundred Li south of Luoyang". Tao Yuanmings "Tukou" poem said: "far away toNanjing", that is. According to Du Guangtings Dongtianfudi Ji of Tang Dynasty,Taoyuan mountain is located in Wuling County, Langzhou. Song Dynastys Yu DiGuang Ji says: "in the first year of Qiande (963), Wuling county was establishedas Taoyuan County. There is Taoyuan mountain. According to Yi Tong Zhi of theMing Dynasty, Taoyuan mountain is 30 Li southwest of Taoyuan County in ChangdePrefecture, where there is Taoyuan cave. It is also called Qinren cave. NearShuixi, Changde City, Hunan Province, facing Yuanshui River and leaning againstmountains, the scenery is beautiful. Taohuayuan is a part of Hunan Jiangxi hillyregion, located in the northeast of Xuefeng mountain and Wuling mountain upliftbelt, and the southwest corner of the Mesozoic West Dongting lake depression.According to the report on the investigation and evaluation of Taohuayuan scenicresources in Hunan Province, the geographical location of the main scenic spotsin Taohuayuan is 110 ° 25 - 27e and 28 ° 47 - 49n.

Taoyuan County is the natural medium area of Taohuayuan. It bordersYuanling County of Huaihua City, Cili County and Yongding District ofZhangjiajie City in the west, linli County and Dingcheng District of ChangdeCity in the East, Shimen County of Changde City in the north and Anhua County ofYiyang City in the south. Taohuayuan landscape is hammer shaped, inclined to thesouthwest of Taoyuan County. The scenic area is 157.55 square kilometers. Amongthem, Taohuayuan main scenic area is 15.8 square kilometers, Taohuayuan Yuanshuiscenic area is 44.85 square kilometers, and the peripheral protection area is96.9 square kilometers. The landscape boundary generally exceeds the districtboundary. The main scenic spot of Taohuayuan is located in the east of Chongqiuand yaotianping township of Dingcheng District, the west of Yuanshui and Jianshitown of Taoyuan County, Zhangjiang Town of Taoyuan County in the north andTaohuayuan town of Taoyuan County in the south. It includes state-owned HunanTaoyuan Taohuayuan Linyang, Taohuayuan town Taohuayuan village, Sanhe Village,Chazhuang village, Shuangfeng Village, Qingshan village and Taohuayuan residentscommittee. Taohuayuan Yuanshui scenic area, along the way, you can see theindependent scenic spots of Taoyuan County, such as Zou city, mutangyuan, maple,chehuyuan, Qinglin, Zhangjiang River, Taohuayuan, zhengjiayi, Siping, Jianshi,Lingjintan, Xinglong Street, yanjiaping, etc.

According to the landscape trend and geomorphic characteristics, the mainscenic area of Taohuayuan is divided into five natural areas: the place ofavoiding Qin (Qinren Village), Lingjing lake, Taohua mountain, Taoyuan mountainand Taoxian mountain; the water area of Taohuayuan Yuanshui scenic belt isroughly divided into four natural sections: the first line of sky scenicsection, yiwangxi scenic section, Lingjintan scenic section and wulingchuanscenic section. It is located in the southwest of Zhangshan mountain, includingshijiachong natural village. Lingjing Lake scenic area is located in thesoutheast of Zhangshan mountain, including jiangjiachong and aijiachong naturalvillages.

Taohua mountain scenic area is located in the west of Guihe peak inZhangshan mountain, including tianzunya and yejiawan natural villages. Taoyuanmountain scenic area is located in Huangwen mountain, including the main body ofthe mountain and the remaining parts of badaipo, Baimadu mountain, qinglongzui,baihuzui, etc. Taoxianling scenic area, including Hongyan mountain valley in theupper part of wangjiachong natural village. Yixiantian scenery section islocated in Gaodu post of yanjiaping Township, including yixiantian andshangtianlong. Yiwangxi scenic section, located in the lower reaches ofyiwangxi, contains stone landscapes such as liyutiaolong and shuixinyan. LingjinBeach Scenic section is located in the North Bank of Lingjin beach and wengzibeach, including rock landscape such as CHUANSHI and Qinshan. Wulingchuan scenicsection is located from baipingzhou to Yangzhou of Zou city. It contains famouscultural and natural landscapes such as sanri Tonghui, Baima Xuetao, lvluoqing,Meixi Yanyu, Chushan Spring Festival Gala, Zhangjiang Yeyue, Xunyang ancienttemple, Fufang Wandu and "three pavilions" (Baifo pavilions, Wenchang pavilions,Zhangjiang pavilions), "three pagodas" (Huifeng pagoda, Chuwang pagoda, Wenxingpagoda)

各位游客，大家好!欢迎来到风景优美的天柱山风景区。我是安徽旅行社导游王兵，大家可以叫我小王。那在我身边的这位是为我们开车的刘师傅，刘师傅有多年驾驶经验，所以大家可以放心乘坐。很高兴和大家在此相见，我会尽我最大的努力为大家提供热情周到的导游服务，那也希望大家可以积极的监督配合我。

好的，我们的车已经到达了天柱大道，大家朝前看，这里矗立着一座高大的门楼建筑，这就是天柱山标志性大门“古南岳天柱山”，“古南岳天柱山”这几个字是已故的中国佛教协会会长赵朴初先生题写的，这也是老先生留下的最后一幅墨宝。

现在我们的车已经过了旌架桥，我们就进入了天柱山的南哨——三祖寺景区。这里是天柱山人文景点最集中、文化品位最高的文化精品景区。我们将在这里感受到天柱山神秘的宗教文化和帝王文化，观赏到具有历代书法艺术长廊之称的国家重点文物保护单位摩崖石刻群。

大家都知道，天柱山是国家重点风景名胜区，也是国家4A级旅游景区和国家文明森林公园以及国家地质公园。此山地处南北交汇地带，降水丰富，气候宜人，景区枝叶繁茂，是一座生态名山。天柱山的佛教文化源远流长，中国禅宗开山鼻祖二祖慧可在此开宗立派，三祖僧璨在此完成了禅宗的理论体系，并在天柱山留下了丰富的遗迹。因此，天柱山又是一座佛教名山。天柱山地质构造比较复杂，原本此处是一片汪洋大海，经过漫长的地质变化，才演变成今天这个样子，

科学家在此发现了全球揭露面积最大、暴露最深的高压——超高压地质变质带。该发现使天柱山一举成为全球研究大陆动力学的最佳地区之一，因此，该山又是一座地质名山。

我们今天将要游览的是三祖寺景区和山谷流泉摩崖石刻。在没有下车游览之前呢，我给大家两个小小的提醒：

1、在游览时，希望大家坚持走路不观景，观景不走路的原则，同时注意保管好自己随身携带的物品;2、在游览时，不乱扔垃圾火种，保护好环境卫生;谢谢大家的合作!

玉皇顶是泰山主峰之巅，因峰顶有玉皇庙而得名。玉皇顶旧称太平顶，又名天柱峰，始建年代无考，明成化年间重修。神龛上匾额题柴望遗风，说明远古帝王曾于此燔柴祭天，望祀山川诸神。殿前有极顶石，标志着泰山的最高点。极顶石西北有古登封台碑刻，说明这里是历代帝王登封，封禅泰山时的设坛祭天之处。东亭可望旭日东升，西亭可观黄河玉带。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于泰山玉皇顶导游词讲解，希望能够帮到您!

这里是步行上山路的起点，这里有个0的标志碑，从这里一直到南天门有6666级台阶，这个数字非常吉利，意思是预祝登山的朋友一切顺利。这条路大约有10公里的路程，从这里登到南天门大多需要4个小时左右的时间。

这里就是关帝庙，里面供奉的是武财神关羽，明清的时候山西的盐商经常在这里集合，他们与关公是老乡并把他视为幸运之神，于是就把他供奉在这里，原来称山西会馆，现在改为关帝庙。前面这座石坊就是一天门，泰山有三座门，一天门，中天门，南天门，每道天门上都有三重天，这就是人们说的九重天，这是一座跨道式石坊，明创建，一是万物的起点，就是说跨过这道门，就算跨进了天界的大门。根据泰山学者的考证：《西游记》。就是以泰山为样板儿创作的

这旁边有明杨可大题刻的天下奇观和孙价题刻的盘路起工处。

前面这座四柱三间门式牌坊上刻孔子登临处，是由明嘉靖三十九年山东地方督察院右副都御史朱衡等创建。为纪念孔子登泰山走到此处发出了苛政猛于虎的感叹而创建的，旁边这棵紫藤，传说是何仙姑来登泰山坐在这里宽衣解带休息，走后却把腰带落下了，就变成了这棵紫藤。

坊的东侧有明嘉靖年间济南府同知翟涛题登高必自，此语源于《中庸》，意思是说，千里之行或攀登万仞高山都要始于足下，应具备脚踏实地，埋头苦干的精神。西侧还有巡抚山东监察御史李复初题书第一山大字碑;碑阴有明代人书道家秘文符篆入云有路。相传道人带着它可驱鬼怪、治百病。西边还有清代嘉庆初年泰安知府金启撰书的《泰山种柏树记》碑，记载他于嘉庆初年率领各县官民从红门宫至升仙坊，共植柏树23000株。在坊前台阶之上的两侧，放置着形似碌碡的圆柱体大石磙，还戴着一顶荷叶帽，传为泰山镇，是镇山之宝。

再往后是双柱式天阶坊。明代嘉靖四十三年即公元1564年建。意思是这条登山的阶梯，就是登天的台阶，登天当然很苦了，也就是告诉咱们要做好心理准备了!

这就是红门宫，之所以称之为红门，是因为在他西侧的大藏岭上有两块红色的形状像门的岩石而得名，他的左侧是佛教的弥勒院，右侧是道家的碧霞庙，后来便佛道合一了。

过了红门宫这个院落就是小泰山，原来在这里有块巨石形似泰山，所以就名为小泰山了，为的就是方便年老体弱不能登上山顶的人进香而建的。

红门宫后有清代和民国年间所立的合山会记碑等26块，记载着当年朝山进香的盛况，今称小碑林。西边碑墙上镶嵌着清代光绪八年即公元1882年任道熔所书刻的《修泰山盘路碑记》，俗称泰山之碑。碑文中说：去泰山顶40余里，6700级。您还可以看到在碑的上面压着很多石块，这是泰山一带的民俗，叫做压子压福。每当农历三月或九月，大家还可以看到很多老太太头上带着树枝或带着花，意思是：头上戴朵花，媳妇来到家;头上戴个枝，回家抱孙子。

从红门宫往前走约100米处，沿野径下行就是中溪内的小洞天。深涧内巨石如屋，平面有10余平方米，厚1.5米，南侧刻有明代知泰安州事甘应甲题、范广书小洞天三个大字。东侧有圆柱形巨石横卧，断面西向，上有醉心二字。石前断崖层叠，横瀑飞流，自北向南有柳条、饮马、石峡三个碧绿的水湾。醉心石两侧谷底到处是圆柱形黑色花岗岩巨石，横断面向内，层层包裹，酷似枯木年轮，称为黑石埠。这是发育在17亿年前元古代时期的环状节理杂岩，为涡柱构造，俗称汽油桶结构。对于它的构造成因及发育历史是当今地质学界研究的新课题，在国内首次发现。这里清溪碧潭，茂林涧草，森森蔓蔓，清净幽深。仰视西崖盘道，行人如在画里，终日不绝，别有洞天。从小洞天到万仙楼的中途，在西崖上刻着勇登仙境四个字，下面就是龟洞。相传在明朝，泰安有一个贪官在调离泰安时，为了掩盖罪行，就让人们给他树碑立传。当他将龟和碑将要运到万仙楼时，游人无不唾骂，石龟感到万分羞耻，于是将背上的石碑甩进了溪谷内，自己就钻进了石洞里。

三义柏，是根据《三国》中桃园三结义而命名的，这边有一座大型石刻浮雕，建于1999年，是为纪念泰山林场建场50周年而建的，建国前泰山的古树残木仅有200余公顷，现在扩大到了1200公顷，森林覆盖率达到80%以上，90年代初被评为国家示范森林公园和全国国有林场一百佳。

前面就是万仙楼，又叫望仙楼，明代万历四十八年即公元1620年创建，后来多次重修，1959年翻修。

它是跨道门楼式建筑，下层为拱形门，门额题万仙楼上层有正殿三间，黄琉璃瓦九脊歇山顶，前面是重檐步廊式。楼上原来祭祀着王母娘娘，两侧配以列仙，所以又称王母殿，后来增加了碧霞元君，民国年间塑像全部毁坏。据传这里是王母娘娘召集泰山万仙聚会的地方，泰山管理部门于1998年在楼上的东、西、北三面墙壁上，塑造了128位神仙和众多的异兽亭台等，集宗教传说、泰山神话、人文景观、自然景观为一体，形态各异，栩栩如生。大殿的墙根四周镶嵌着明代朝山进香碑63块。古人都说：泰山的神最多，济宁的货最全。为什么泰山的神最多呢?这与吕洞宾三戏白牡丹的传说有关。他俩人的儿子叫白氏郎，儿时上学要经过一条小河，每次都有一位老爷爷背他过河说：我是天上派来的保护神，将来你就是一国之君。白牡丹知道此事后，每天做饭都敲着灶王爷的头喋喋不休地说：等我的儿子当了皇帝后，我就有怨的报怨，有仇的报仇。到了腊月二十三灶王爷就把此事告诉了玉皇大帝，玉帝为了防止白牡丹的残暴，决定在来年的七月七派雷公拔掉白氏郎的御牙和全身的龙筋。吕洞宾一听慌了手脚，就到下界偷偷地告诉了儿子，并一再嘱咐：到这天你可千万不要开口说话，虽然做不了皇帝，但还有御牙呢!白氏郎照此办理后终于保住了御牙，他恨透了天下所有的神仙，便手拿宝葫芦狠狠地说：可恶的灶头王，快到我的葫芦里来吧!只听嗖的一声，灶王爷化成一缕青烟钻进了葫芦。于是他手提葫芦走遍九州大地，见庙就进，见神就收，最后来到泰山准备收泰山老母。这时泰山老母掐指一算就知道了他的想法，于是变成一位白发老人，一手提水壶，一手提饭篮，迎着白氏郎来到十八盘。白氏郎又渴又饿，就跪下来要饭吃，老人说：这是给我儿子吃的，你要想吃除非叫我三声娘。白氏郎无奈，就连连叫了三声娘。当他来到元君庙要收泰山老母时，却听到大喝一声：大胆我儿，你竟敢来装你娘!白氏郎一惊，就把宝葫芦摔到了地上，顺着十八盘一直滚到山下。所有的神仙都跑出来了，见庙就进，见洞就钻，一直滚到万仙楼，但是还有一些神仙没有找到地方，就都居住在这里了。

在楼洞背阴镶嵌着石碣，额书谢恩处。传说古时候香客登泰山归回后到此叩头，感谢碧霞元君保佑一路平安;又传古帝王登泰山时，地方官员送驾至此而止，众官员便叩谢皇恩。在泰山周围还流传着一段关于萧大亨的故事，他当时是泰安最大的京官----兵、刑两部尚书。据说当年萧大亨与万历皇帝登泰山时已70多岁了，家有百岁老母，萧大亨向皇帝提出要回家探望老母。皇帝不答应，萧大亨一边叹气一边自言自语地吟颂唐朝诗人贺知章的诗：少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰。儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来?皇帝一听就对萧大亨说：爱卿，我给你出一幅对联，假如你对上了，就让你回去;对不上，就跟我回京。萧大亨一听便高兴地答应了。皇帝慢慢地说：十口心思，思家思乡思父母。萧大亨灵机一动接上了下联：言身寸谢，谢天谢地谢龙恩。说完即刻跪拜谢主龙恩!萧大亨利用自己的聪明才智达到了探乡的目的。

万仙楼向北是革命烈士纪念碑，建于1946年，后来被飞机炸毁，1953年又重建。碑是由碑座、碑体和碑首三部分组成，碑首呈方锥体，南面贴金题额革命烈士纪念碑。碑体的南面是新四军一纵三旅的政治委员何克希所题书的碑文：叙述了整个部队转战南北的壮烈事迹;东、西、北三面刻记着一纵三旅于1946年夏季为解放泰安而牺牲的708名烈士名单。英名与泰山共寿!

从万仙楼至纪念碑之间的东溪内，古时称为桃花涧。原来这里桃花浓艳若绮，游人疑为武陵桃源。又因在它的南头多樱桃、翠竹，又名樱桃涧。古诗曾有冉冉孤生竹，结根泰山阿的名句。如今涧中樱、竹、桃虽已无存，但杨槐满谷，柏林夹岸，横瀑如帘，石刻映衬，别有情趣。另外，涧中石坪宽广，断崖跌宕，溪水潺潺而来，潆洄湍急而去，尔后沿着陡坡石峡奔流而下，汇为深广的碧池，美其名曰碧泉湾[碑刻]从这里向上，在盘路的西侧先后有：蔚然深秀、万古凌霄、洞天福地、肤寸生云、步玉清、望岳诗、及虫二等碑刻。洞天福地按道教讲是神仙居住的地方，有十大洞天，三十六小洞天，七十二福地，泰山属于三十六小洞天之一的蓬元洞天。步玉清是道家修仙后进入最高境界的玉清宫，据说天上的仙界有三重天：元始天尊居于玉清宫，太上老君住在上清宫、灵宝天尊在太清宫。肤寸升云来源于《春秋公羊传》。古代的长度单位，一指为一寸，四指等于肤寸，这里是形容在极小的空间内，泰山的冷气很快就化为云雾，然后在很短的时间内，就雨遍天下了。这是描述泰山云雨的神奇。望岳诗是杜甫的名作，由清代光绪年间的大臣、金石学家吴大澄用小篆书刻。诗中说：岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。虫二是历下名士

刘廷桂于光绪年间题刻的字谜。这二个字是风月无边的意思，即把繁体字风、月二字拆去边框，描写周围的景色蔚然而深秀。这里面还有一个传说：当年乾隆皇帝在杭州西湖曾为风月无边亭题写匾额，如果刘廷桂在这里再次重复这四个字就是犯上，所以就别出心裁的写了个字谜。又传刘廷桂当年看到斗母宫的尼姑放荡不羁，就题二字讽剌她们风花雪月。

字谜的东溪内有巨石如罗汉，上面题写着罗汉崖三个大字，这就是小罗汉崖。谷东有罗汉峰，被称为大罗汉崖。

[斗母宫]再往前跨过斗母宫石坊之后就是斗母宫。它位于龙泉峰下，是一组完整的古建筑群，因为有龙泉之水自西北山崖而下，环绕宫墙东注中溪，所以古称龙泉观。庙宇创建无考，是泰山最古老的道观之一，里面供奉着北斗众星之母，称之为斗母宫，又名斗姥宫，别称妙香院。从此以后道观就成了尼姑庵，到了清代光绪年间，宫宇辉煌，尼僧众多，陈设豪奢，香火特盛。因此，当时的黄河总督刘鹗在他的小说《老残游记续集》中曾生动的描写了这里的尼姑生涯及其风流佚事。斗母宫分为前、中、后三院。南山门内是一进院落，院中有光绪二十五年即公元1899年泰安名士赵尔萃修建的天然池，内有两股泉水，每逢夏、秋之季双泉突涌，俗称孪生泉。池旁有古槐，并有小槐相偎依，被人们誉为母子槐池东有寄云楼五间，修建在深谷绝壁之上，上边是环廊式楼阁，旧时专供达官贵人在此饮茶赏月，抚琴对诗;楼下是地下室。后院大殿供奉的是泰山老母和她的两个姐妹，送生娘娘和眼光奶奶。

西山门外有著名的卧龙槐，巨枝伏地，如卧龙翘首。据说，原来这里只有一棵树，后来又长出了侧根，成了另一棵小树。小树长大后，枝繁叶茂，老树却枯萎了。在这过程中，小树突然发现母树上有一窝乌鸦，先是老乌鸦叼食喂小乌鸦，当小乌鸦羽毛丰满以后便又去捕食给老乌鸦，共计18天。这就是人们常说的乌鸦反哺的故事。从此之后，小槐树便把自身的养料输送给了母树，使它重获新生，所以如今卧龙槐仍是枝繁叶茂。

桥北是三官庙。在明代时为人祖庙，祭祀的是秦始皇，传说是秦二世登泰山时创建的祖龙庙遗址。到了清代改为三官庙，供奉天官、地官、水官。据传它们是尧、舜、禹的化身，后来庙宇荒废，大殿、客房、僧舍渐毁。建国后改为三官庙小学，1994年又重修。1994年又重修，这里是海拔最高的三官庙，崂山的三官庙是装饰最好的，而最大的三官庙在广东。

庙内还有一株古柏，传说是秦二世胡亥所植。在它那粗壮而低矮的主干上，生长着五条巨大的侧枝，人们附会为秦始皇的化身，说他功德盖世，一手遮天，使子孙世代相传，所以被称为五指树。

[经石峪]在庙东侧的盘路上有石坊，额书经石峪，坊后有一条岔道，是通往经石峪的小盘路。经石峪位于龙泉峰下的山坳里，翠峰围抱，溪水环流。每当阳春三月，桃红柳绿之时，那潺潺流水声与山鸟的争鸣声组成了一曲高雅的梵呗清音，好一处佛家禅定的胜地。石坪东北的水帘泉漫石而下，颇有枕流漱石、万颗明珠之感。有关经石峪的来源，还有一段美丽的传说。当年唐僧西天取经，回来时曾路过泰山，在通天河里湿了经卷，便派孙悟空找个地方晾经，悟空一个跟斗翻到了凌汉峰，手搭凉棚一观察，就找到了这块缓坡大石坪。因此，后人便把此山谷称为经石峪，把唐僧师徒晾经的石坪取名曝经石，俗称晒经石。当然，这只是一个神话罢了，关于石刻产生的真正年代及撰写人是谁?这在历史上曾有分歧。明代以前传为王羲之书;明代以后的学者，特别是清代乾嘉学派，多认为是北齐人书写的;1961年夏天，郭沫若先生来泰山观赏了经石峪大字后，留下了经字大如斗，北齐人所书的诗句。后来又与山东邹县等地的摩崖刻石相对照，进一步印证了石刻产生的年代为北齐，并将书写者定为当年的高僧安道壹。经石峪刻文的内容为佛教重要经典《金刚般若波罗密经》，简称《金刚经》。金刚即金中之刚之意，引申为牢固锐利，无坚不摧;般若意为智慧;波罗密是彼岸及无极之意;经就是途径。佛家认为教徒们若想功成名就，必须以金刚般坚韧不拔的毅力，加上潜心投入的智慧，再经顺乎宇宙发展规律的途径，才能到达彼岸的极乐世界。《金刚经》全文有5000余字，分上下两篇。此处经刻是它的上篇，共计2799字。经刻历经1400多年的山洪冲刷和风剥雨蚀，如今还存有1069个字。

经文西北有巨石，高约5米，宽约13米，中劈为两半，上题试剑石，又叫仙峡石。明代人河道总督万恭于隆庆六年即公元1572年依崖筑石亭，并就崖摩刻《高山流水亭记》，与大字辉映。据清代《岱览》引《列子》所记：伯牙善古琴，钟子期善听。伯牙鼓琴志在高山，钟子期曰善哉，峨峨兮若泰山

志在流水，钟子期曰善哉，洋洋兮若江河。后来两人相约某年后再在泰山相会，但到时钟子期已仙逝，伯牙长叹道：知音已去不复返，吾之留琴有何用?然后将琴摔毁。高山流水亭就是因此而命名的。

[水帘洞]从经石峪返回盘道，向北一走就是水帘洞。这里一涧深广，石桥横跨，称之为注水流桥。桥西北是危崖千仞，飞瀑垂珠，如带若帘，被称为天绅岩，俗称水帘泉。又因在岩壁上有横阔石缝如洞，又被称为水帘洞，这就是《西游记》中所描述的水帘洞原型。

拾阶而上是碧霞灵应宫，1995年重建，里面供奉着碧霞元君。在宫的左侧有一通高大挺立的龟驮碑，碑文叙述了历代重修的情况;龟是力大能负重的赑屃。泰山一带有一种传说：摸摸赑屃的头，一辈子不受穷;摸摸赑屃的腚，一辈子不生病。请大家摸一下，也许会给您带来好运气。前面是一段平地，在路的西侧耸立着一群似怒剑刺空的怪石，这是泰山花岗岩垂直节理发育的结果。在怪石之阴镌刻着万笏朝天四个字。笏版是古时大臣参见皇帝时，使用的一种特殊道具：一来遮面以示对天子的尊重;二是在上面书写着参奏或进谏的题纲。这里是说：泰山是神灵的象征，山前的小山头不能正视泰山，因此要用笏板遮面参拜，意为群峰拱岱。

[东西桥子]前面就是东西桥子，传说是乾隆命名的。他曾11次到达泰山，6次登临岱顶。有一年乾隆微服私访，当走到这里突然想起了文武大臣常戏称山东人为山东侉子、齐鲁棒子，于是便想戏弄一下侉子和棒子。这时，正巧碰到一个老翁在桥头拿着竹篮子捡东西，他便问道：老人家，你这个篮子干什么用的?老翁说：盛东西啊。乾隆说：你为什么盛东西，不盛南北啊?老翁奇怪地说：我这篮子只能盛东西，不能盛南北，别看我没上过学，三纲五常、四书五经、文王八卦、天干地支我都懂点。按照五行来讲，东方为木，西方为金，南为火，北为水。我盛东，东为木，捡些木柴能做饭;我盛西，西为金，拾一篮子废铁能卖钱。如果我盛南北就不行了，南方为火，北方为水，不是被烧烂就是竹篮子打水一场空。乾隆听了觉得很有道理，又说：那就把这座桥叫做东西桥子吧。老翁说：我是泰山人，你凭什么说了算呢?乾隆接着说：那我也让你说了算一次。于是老翁便说：礼仪之邦为泰山，尊老爱幼孝为先。今天让我说了算，回去反省明天攀。乾隆只好回去了，并一边走还一边自我安慰地说：侉子满山东，棒子遍齐鲁，听君一席话，胜读十年书。

从东西桥子向北，盘道的东侧有石崖悬空欲坠，如棚如屋，原来被称为马棚崖，明代吴维岳更名后大书歇马崖。据传是皇帝登泰山时在此遇雨歇马而名。

[总理奉安纪念碑]歇马崖的北侧是总理奉安纪念碑.为纪念1926年6月1日孙中山先生的灵柩运往南京而途经泰安时所建。奉安是古代帝王或圣贤安葬时的专用名词。它的碑座为五棱形，代表孙中山先生提出的五权宪法，即行政、司法、立法、考试、监察，上面题写着孙中山先生的遗嘱;碑身呈三棱形，象征着孙中山先生提出的三民主义，即民族、民权、民生，正面书写着总理奉安纪念碑七个大字。碑下地面上是用南京雨花石铺筑而成的国民党党旗。

[柏洞]再向北走古柏夹道，浓荫遮天，人行其中，如入洞穴，即使是炎夏酷暑也让人感到凉气袭人，所以在清代光绪二十五年即公元1899年张玢在这里题柏洞。洞的北边叫四槐树，这是因为有四株古槐而命名的地名。传说是唐朝鲁国公程咬金重修泰山盘路时种植的，据今已有1300多年的历史。古槐高大擎云，蔚然葱翠，后来又继生了三株小树，现在已经是老幼难辨了。如今四槐树已被洪水冲走三株，仅存者也于1989年10月5日被一场暴风雨刮倒，稍加修整后被命名为拦路槐。

[泰山女儿茶社]古槐旁有古意浓浓的几间大草棚，这是著名的泰山女儿茶庄。棚下放置着一张张用古槐木做的圆桌，周围还放着一些用古槐根雕琢的椅凳和各种古趣盎然的根雕艺术品。女儿茶在明代中期李曰华的《紫桃杂缀》中就有记载：泰山无好茗，山中人摘青桐芽饮用，号女儿茶。明代查志隆在《岱史》中也说：泰山人在扇子崖青桐涧中，采青桐芽泡制而成女儿茶，异于南茗。因为青桐涧背阴天寒，云雾萦绕，小气侯温和多雨，所以青桐芽鲜嫩清香。《红楼梦》第六十三回也描述道：三春众姐妹为宝玉庆贺生日，好不快活，先醉了史湘云憨卧芍药栏，又醉了贾宝玉回到怡红院，那袭人连忙沏了一杯女儿茶为宝玉醒酒，由此可见当时女儿茶已闻名大江南北。古时在泰山下一些14至18岁的少女，每年都要到青桐涧去采青桐芽，在五年中采集后制成的女儿茶分为两种：第一年的茶留到结婚时送给丈夫;其余四年的茶要由泰安知府收购，送到京都，被称为御茶。现在这里已成为游人聚会的重要场所了，有的品茗小憩，

有的奏乐畅谈，有的专门观赏行行色色的根雕，所以不少中外名人在这里留下了许多耐人寻味的诗文。

[壶天阁]四槐树北是壶天阁。因为这里山势陡峭，翠峰环抱，足下仅有一席之地，游人至此恰似壶中窥天，便被称为壶天阁。这里海拔为800米，大致是泰山高度的一半，按道家的说法壶天就是神仙居住的地方,壶天阁就是仙山琼阁之意。传说秦始皇当年派方士徐福到东海取长生不老之药时,就见到了三座形状若壶的神山,即蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲。

[回马岭]壶天阁北是回马岭，双柱式石坊，1937年重修时吴绍曾题额回马岭。这里重峦叠障，形势险要，峰回路转，陡绝难行，当古帝王骑马至此时就不能前行了。此处古称石关，又名瑞仙岩。旧志书传为宋真宗回马处，但他是乘辇而上，并未骑马;而东汉光武帝刘秀登泰山时却是乍步乍骑，且相半至中观留马，据此疑为是刘秀回马处。

岭巅有金星亭，又名药王殿，供奉唐代孙思邈。西边有大殿三间，前廊式五脊歇山顶，供奉着观音、普贤、文殊菩萨，因称三大士殿。观世音是大慈大悲救苦救难的菩萨，浙江普陀山就是她显灵说法的道场，所以又称南海观音文殊是智慧的象征，手持宝剑，坐骑狮子，她的道场在山西五台山;普贤主持佛的理德，大德行善，道场在四川峨眉山。

再往北是鹰石涧，因为在涧的东侧有一块高耸的巨石，如鹰而名。溪谷之上建有石桥，俗称步天桥，桥北是十二连盘，直通中天门，共有666级。在盘路的西侧有集《兰亭贴》题刻：峻极永其天，云云迩已迁。临风俯万类，怀古一幽然。

[中天门]中天门又叫二天门，双柱式石坊，题额中天门。海拔847米。这里既是泰山主峰的天然屏障，又是中、西两溪的分水岭。坊北有虎阜石，如虎卧伏;东北是二虎庙，里面祭祀着镇虎大将军骑着黑虎神，这座庙的西侧恰巧占压着虎头。古时在黄岘岭的北边是个大山坳，古木参天，荫荫森森，猛兽出没，虎狼伤人，特别是在夜晚，人们走到这里心里发毛，只好聚集在一起打着锣鼓、举着火把通过，于是后人便在这里建庙镇虎。1983年国家投资在黄岘岭的西北侧创建了泰山索道中天门站。泰山客运电缆索道，下起中天门，上至南天门西侧的月观峰，全长2078米，落差602米。20__年对其又进行了改造，引进奥地利循环吊箱式索道。索道的上、下站房是依山而建的仿古建筑，富丽堂皇，与山色相映。

中天门与岱庙相距5.5公里，与南天门相距3.5公里，至大众桥为14.35公里，是游人上上下下的汇合处：或沿盘路继续攀登，或乘缆车空中一游，或步行沿中溪盘道直达泰城，或是乘旅游车沿西溪公路到火车站，都非常方便。西溪公路沿途还有抗金运动时四面绝壁的九女寨，有赤眉军起义遗址天胜寨，有惊险奇绝的扇子崖，有号称云龙三现的龙潭奇观以及神奇的龙洞甘霖----白龙池。走进西溪窈然而深，蔚然而秀，别有洞天。另外，在中天门后面还建有大型停车场和各种类型的商店、旅社及饭店，20__年又对其进行了整修。

[快活三里]由此向北至云步桥南叫做快活三里，又名快活天或快活山。人们久登盘道忽逢坦途，气爽景幽，舒畅欢快，大自然的神工造就了波浪起伏的节奏感。沿倒三盘下行是马蹄形的后弯，中途有名泉，崖壁上书刻着玉液泉三个字。此泉与山下的王母泉、广生泉并称为泰山三大名泉。泉水甘美无比，含氧量高，又有多种对人体有益的微量元素，常饮此水能延年益寿，所以古人称之为泰山神水，现在是全国优质矿泉水之一。

从后弯向北沿石阶而上就是增福庙，里面祭祀着福、禄、寿三尊神像。再往上有巨石挺立，似剑凌空，上刻斩云剑。此处是谷口，云雨变幻莫测，泰山主峰的寒云顺谷而下时与暖云相遇即化为雨，因此而名。这还有一个传说：当年山下一帮年轻人上山来砍柴，返回时走到这里闪电雷鸣乌云密步，有的人呆了，有的人在跑找地方躲雨，可有一位小伙子，却用手中的刀在空中挥舞着，也怪，不一会儿云就散了，可是这个小伙子却不见了，再仔细一看，原来他化成了这块石头了。前面路东又有巨石，纹理盘旋若龙，上书蛟龙石，又名龙纹石。

碑刻作为泰山不可缺少的人文景观，会让游客回味无穷，而石刻字谜更增加了泰山的情趣。在斗母宫附近我们曾看到虫二，在这里又看到了民国年间李和谦书写的形似小松鼠的字谜。李和谦原来在泰城当饭店小伙计，在店主的熏陶下也略通文墨，经常借助抹桌子的机会渐渐练了一手好字。一天，他与几个伙计登山，走到这里一看：青山绿水，景色绝佳。

苍山既是自然保护区，又是风景名胜区。1992年，当地政府在海拔2600米玉带云出处新辟了一条玉带云游路。游路南起马龙峰，北抵应乐峰，长约18公里，将苍山许多景点连结在一起，游人至此，可览苍山奇峰异石、林泉飞瀑，亦可俯瞰苍洱大地的壮丽景色。

公元八世纪，南诏王异牟寻曾仿照中原政权的做法，把南诏境内的名山大川敕封为五岳四渎，点苍山被封为中岳。许多充满白族文化特色的景观都位于苍山之麓，比如著名的崇圣寺三塔、佛图塔、无为寺、桃溪中和寺、七龙女池、清碧寺三潭、感通寺等。

Hangzhou is a beautiful city, is one of the seven ancient capitals in China, is also the capital of zhejiang province, has long been the folk known as "paradise on earth". Hangzhou has a long history, since warlords set qiantang county, has 2200 years of history. Hangzhou is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization. As early as 4700 years ago, humans thrive here, and generate the liangzhu culture is known as the dawn of civilization.

Hangzhou was the five dynasties and the southern song dynasty two generations of its capital, is one of the seven ancient capitals in China.

Hangzhou called money don. The sui dynasty huang nine years (589) waste county down money, hangzhou, hangzhou in the name of first appeared in history. The southern song dynasty built three years (1129), Gao Zongna crossing to hangzhou, rise to linan hangzhou mansion. Eight years (1138) the southern song dynasty shaoxing formal its capital linan, lasted more than 140 years. The first year of the republic of China (1912) to the original, benevolence and county and hangzhou qiantang county. Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927), precipitation and hangzhou county city of hangzhou, hangzhou city beginning this. On May 3, 1949, hangzhou liberation, from now on developing new history in hangzhou.

Hangzhou uptown and downtown, Jiang Gan, GongShu, west lake, high (binjiang) eight, xiaoshan, yuhang district, building heart, fuyang, linan three county-level cities, tonglu, ChunAn 2 counties. The citys total area of 16596 square kilometers, of which the urban area of 3068 square kilometers. Hangzhou probably around 6.6 million population, is also Chinas population density is one of the big cities, whats more, every day there are thousands of tourists come here to travel.

Because hangzhou has a long history, rich culture and material heritage.

Is one of the earliest origin, hangzhou name by yu ever shed hang on here as a water conservancy, hangzhou is the ark, the meaning of ship, the posterity called hangzhou yu hang then, dont know from when, why, people call yu hangzhou yuhang, so far there are still in hangzhou yuhang this place name, the qing dynasty was one of the biggest grievance "Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage" story took place in yuhang.

The tang dynasty and song dynasty famous poet bai juyi poetry su shi, has office in hangzhou, perpetual west lake landscape masterpiece of masterpieces, write down a lot of popular, may today.

Hangzhou development to now such prosperity, the largest contributor of the kingdom of wu yue. Builder - nearby lutetium, his condition was advantagious policy, make Chinas land has a piece of land to recuperate in the war. Kingdom, hangzhou culture construction in the sculpture art achievements, klippe statues is one of the masterpiece.

Northern song dynasty time, already became the first state in the southeast of hangzhou, not to mention the southern song dynasty, the central government in the capital, hangzhou became the largest city in the world at the time, the worlds first metropolis. Song room south crossing, the artists gathered in hangzhou, greatly promoted the prosperity here. In the yuan dynasty, Italian Marco Polo sent a heartfelt sigh, said that hangzhou is "the most beautiful and elegant city in the world", this is the highest praise to the city.

Ming and qing dynasties, hangzhou as the most prosperous city jiangnan, not only celebrities, and special economic boom, as on of the biggest cities in the plain of hangzhou, because the traffic is convenient, the trade is very convenient, one of the most representative character is red top businessman, hu xueyan.

Hangzhou can use four sentences, sixteen words to sum up: a paradise on earth, the silk mansion, tea city, the city of delicacies.

Said that hangzhou is a paradise on earth that can branch half with the false, the ancients cloud: above there is heaven, below there are suzhou and hangzhou. Compared in hangzhou is a paradise on earth, generations of scholars are also to the paradise city left many familiar chapters.

Officials and scholars praise the beauty of hangzhou, the United States in the west lake, the famous tang dynasty poet bai juyi once said: the west lake 36, on the most beautiful in hangzhou. Place called west lake under the sun too much, but not a city are comparable to those obtained with the west lake in hangzhou west lake. So is the heart of hangzhou west lake, from the tang dynasty bai juyi, su dongpo song dynasty, five dynasties money Yang Mengying lutetium, Ming dynasty, new west lake to now, only the beautiful west lake, is the beauty of hangzhou, only there are so many scholars praise poem, there are so many flood of visitors.

When it comes to water in hangzhou, have to say to the beijing-hangzhou grand canal. The beijing-hangzhou grand canal, 1794 km, while the spring and autumn period and the prince was the first to build the Han ditch, but the real digging is emperor yangdi period, all roughly until the yuan dynasty. This article through the Beijing, tianjin, hebei, shandong, jiangsu, zhejiang 4 provinces and two cities of artificial canal, communicate the Yangtze river, Yellow River, haihe river, huaihe river, the qiantang river, the five water system, also for the this city at the end of the grand canal brought infinite prosperity and development.

Hangzhou qiantang river is a main river, originated in huangshan mountain, the thousand island lake xin an river flows all the way to the southeast, due to the qiantang river estuary is a bell mouth, affected by the moon, every lunar calendar is a form of the spectacular qiantang river tide in mid-august.

Have since ancient times, jiangnan silk, suzhou and hangzhou silk is famous around the world, hangzhou outside of mulberry Lin illustrates this point more, in ancient times, silk clothing is noble and representatives of senators today, from the silk dress, silk quilt, to silk umbrella into the folk, for the majority of the people, and all sorts of hangzhou silk products are one of the representative.

Tea are found everywhere in China, but in the green tea, longjing quality, only hangzhou west lake, "tiger springs with longjing tea" that is hangzhous double. , the first top ten green tea, longjing tea is not wave get hollow reputation, west lake longjing tea to green color, fragrant, green, form beauty is famous for its "four unique". Into a flat without tea, smooth and well-balanced, yellowish green; Bubble is in the cup, the buds into a flower, a flag one gun, photograph is unripe brightness, bud bud upright, lifelike; If relapsed, lofty lasting; Looked bright, flavor pleasant delicacy. People kua call it "gold bud", "unique", has become a national senior gift of tea. Of so hangzhou is also known as "tea".

Hangzhou cuisines, the now famous all over the country, many dishes are all familiar: dongpo pork, west lake vinegar fish, song putting fish soup, dry Fried ring, beggars chicken, Fried shrimps with longjing tea, and so on. The building outside the building might be the most familiar restaurant. And every dish has its own a beautiful legend!

Hangzhou many historical figures: the establishment of The Three Kingdoms wu sun quan, the inventor of the movable type printing was used, the MengXi writing, "shen kua, the author of the Ming dynasty gold star Yu Qian resistance, etc., and worked here and one of the most famous is bai juyi, su shi, yue fei, etc., all adds infinite charm for hangzhou landscapes.

Attractions in addition to the west lake in hangzhou, and bamboo diameter, linyin temple, six harmonies pagoda, the cloud nine streams 18 bay, YueMiao, residence of hu xueyan, Wan Song academy, songcheng, etc., many scenic spots. These spots are filled with beautiful legends, and among them the white niang son and her husband, liang shan bo and zhu yingtai, su xiaoxiao and ruanyu, Eva and flower gu story makes hangzhou a love of all. Young lovers at dusk pacing slowly under the west lake, willows, steeped in the legend of the romantic and beautiful scenery, it will be how poetic! If you want to see how these legends real show in front of you, it is recommended that you can go to the songcheng see a good show!

As will be in hangzhou, zhejiang province, rapid economic development, there is little not the contribution of zheshang, wahaha, wanxiang group, juneyao group and so on. Hangzhou is a city of leisure, so has also become a consumer city, tea, bars, dance halls, casinos, restaurants, subway, crowing. The taxi is the best, the taxicabs, from modern to nissan, and even a Mercedes; The buses here is also the most beautiful, jinlong air-condition, Volvo, and antique sightseeing bus. The nightlife here also is very rich, bars, dance halls, clubs, and many are open 24 hours a day. Of course, the house price is very expensive here, to be able to see the west lake a little house of figure, can sell for 25000 yuan/square meters, so the consumption of hangzhou online is in addition to Shanghais most expensive city in eastern China.

Due to the transformation of the city, many figures of the old place already cant see, but hangzhou on protection and development of scenic spots still can. Todays hangzhou is a beautiful and modern city, high-rise buildings, elevated highway and mountains, the city will give you more surprise and sigh!

Zhujiajian is a national scenic spot, located in the southeast of Zhoushanarchipelago in Zhejiang Province. It is also known as Putuo Mountain Nationalkey scenic spot with a distance of 1.35 nautical miles. It is an important partof Putuo golden triangle, the core tourist area of Zhoushan Archipelago. It isthe fifth largest island of Zhoushan Archipelago, with an island area of 72square kilometers.

Zhujiajian has a superior geographical location and convenienttransportation. Zhoushan civil aviation airport, located in the northwest ofZhujiajian, has opened more than 10 air routes including Beijing, Shanghai,Nanjing, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Jinan and Shantou. It is 1.35 nautical miles awayfrom Putuo Mountain in the north, and can reach Zhujiajian in five minutes byboat from Putuo Mountain; It is only 1km away from Shenjiamen fishing port, oneof the four famous fishing ports in the world. A cross sea bridge connectsZhujiajian with Shenjiamen (and the whole Zhoushan Island). Tourists fromHangzhou, Shanghai, Ningbo and other land routes can directly drive intoZhujiajian.

Zhujiajian island has unique natural landscape and rich tourism resources.The development of Zhujiajian tourism area was started in 1988. In 1993,Zhujiajian development and construction management committee was established,which is responsible for the implementation of the protection, planning andconstruction of 28.8 square kilometers of national scenic spots. In 1998, theZhujiajian Scenic Tourism Management Committee was established and worked withthe Zhujiajian town government. Under the leadership of the municipal anddistrict governments, the integrated management of the whole island wasimplemented. The tourism system was straightened out and the Zhujiajian touristarea entered the stage of all-round development.

In order to develop Zhujiajian scientifically, Zhejiang Institute of urbanand rural planning and design was entrusted in March 1993 to compile the masterplan of Zhujiajian, Putuo District, Zhoushan City. In November 1998, the tourismdevelopment plan of Putuo Zhujiajian national island ecological park wascompiled. In 20__, Shanghai Tongji University was entrusted to compile themaster plan of Zhujiajian from 20__ to 2030. Since then, Zhujiajian scenic spothas embarked on a scientific development path of combining the development andutilization of scenic spots with the reasonable protection of resources.

The scenery of Zhujiajian island is beautiful and charming. On the island,there are continuous sands, rippling blue waves, steep rocks, staggered cavesand reefs, enchanting sea light, wide forests, endless tides and fresh air. The6300 meter long nine person beach stretches across the island, like a goldnecklace, inlaid between the green mountains and the blue sea. The cliffs aresteep, the caves are deep and secluded, and the sea erosion landform is all overthe southeast coast of the island. The rocks are beautiful, the stone scenery iscolorful, and the magic work is vivid. The Wushi gravel beach is rare in China,with the sound of the tide and the sound of nature. The fishing boats sing late,the sea fire is shining, and the Dongsha is surging in the sun; There are lotsof seagulls, silverfish, fishing village customs and modern fishery landscape;the trees are green and quiet, the air is fresh, there is no heat in summer, theclimate is pleasant, the products are rich, and there are many aquaticproducts.

Zhu Jiajian adheres to the strategy of implementing high-quality tourismproducts, accelerating the promotion of high-end hotels, leisure villas,large-scale tourism commodity shopping centers, China Buddhist College, yacht,sea fishing club, beach sports and entertainment city, Island InternationalConference Center and other major industrial clusters, so as to make it acoastal city in the Yangtze River Delta with international standards, excellentfacilities, first-class service, beautiful environment and distinct image Thefirst choice for fake tourism.

青城山自古素有“青城天下幽”的美誉，分前山和后山两部分，前山是青城山风景名胜区的主体，道教文化、文物古迹多集中这里，这里也是一般游客口中的“青城山”;后山以自然风光取胜，是度假休闲的好去处。

游玩青城山，一般来说半天足矣，无需住宿。山间随处有售卖饮食的店铺。如果时间充裕，建议住宿一夜，便于第二天早起看日出，山间天师洞和上清宫皆有道观提供食宿。

青城山山门外的建福宫建于唐代，最大的看点是宫内悬挂的一副394字的长对联。沿着山门进入后，经滴翠亭、天然阁，到怡乐窝就分成两条线路：一条是左边的步道，可步行上山;右边则是去往月城湖，乘坐渡船到对岸乘坐索道，可直达上清宫，与步道汇合。建议步行上山，然后乘坐索道下山，可体会游山的乐趣。

沿着步道步行上山，经引胜亭、山荫亭等处，抵达天师洞。天师洞分三清殿、三皇殿和黄帝祠三重大殿。三清殿前悬挂的“丹台碧洞”匾额是清朝康熙皇帝亲笔手书。黄帝祠左侧有一洞窟，据说是当年张道陵修炼之处。

天师洞上行至访宁桥，路又分为两支，左边通往祖师殿，右边去往朝阳洞。祖师殿供奉真武大帝和张三丰，但游玩结束要原路返回访宁桥，你也可以掠过祖师殿，直接去往朝阳洞。朝阳洞是一个天然洞窟，据说当年蒋介石曾在此避难。继续上行就到达上清宫了。

上清宫是青城山里位置最高的道观，宫内有老君殿、三清殿、文武殿和道德经堂，香火旺盛，大多数游人至此都会烧香祈福。宫门口有观日亭，适合观赏日出。

出上清宫继续前行，可以到达青城第一峰(彭祖峰)顶，山顶建有老君阁，阁中供奉的老君造像是以当年徐悲鸿遗作《紫气东来》为原型而绘制。游玩结束，原路下山，从上清宫前行不远即达索道上站。

大家好！欢迎大家来泰山旅游。我是zzz旅游公司的导游员：快乐，很高兴能给大家导游解说，今天，我将全程带领大家游览这海拔1524米的泰山。

泰山是国家重点风景名胜区，已列入《世界遗产名录》。以“通天拔地之势，擎天捧首之姿”屹立于齐鲁大地，号称东岳，尊为五岳之首，是著名的山岳公园和天然历史艺术博物馆。分为东路、岱顶、桃花峪等7大游览区，有岱庙、南天门、玉皇顶、十八盘、经石峪石刻、岱顶唐摩崖等景点。登临岱顶，可观赏旭日东升、云海玉盘等奇观。古人以：“万古此山先得日，诸峰无雨亦生云”赞叹泰山。古往今来，无数王侯将相、文人墨客、伟人元首都在泰山留下足迹。耳听为虚，眼见为实，现在，我就带领大家攀登这被称为“人间天上”的泰山。

我们现在所在的位置是泰山的山脚红门，出发吧，朋友们。这里是革命烈士纪念碑，这是红石峪，这是四槐树……我不断地解说着，所到之处，驿路盘蜒，古木苍翠，松树夹道，鲜花盛开，美景不断涌来。

各位游客，中天门到了，我喊到。中天门正处泰山半腰，这里有清代所建中天门石坊一座，大门上题有“中天门”三字。是泰山主峰的屏障。仰望岱顶，莲花峰前危崖万仞，南天门形如天阙；俯瞰山下，龙潭、虎山水库绿如翡翠。中溪三水曲折蜿蜒，奔流而下。中天门一侧还有巨石，状如虎卧，得名“伏虎石”。……请大家回头看看。只见帘帘飞瀑，杨树高得快超过矮山了，红门、王母池、万仙楼，药王殿……都像在脚下。稍做休息，我们就向南天门进发，从中天门到南天门是最艰险、最难爬的十八盘，这里有云步桥，五松亭、对松亭、升仙亭等著名景点，也是泰山名胜古迹最多的地方，走在十八盘上，向上看，直上直下，前面的人好像就在头顶，向下看，后面的人又像在自己的脚下。

哇！太壮观了，随着游客们的赞叹，我们终于来到了著名的南天门，南天门又名三天门。位于岱顶西南隅石壁谷上口，是登山盘道顶端，元初张志纯创建。门为城楼式建筑，“南天门”三个赤金大字赫然镶嵌在城楼墙上，联书：“门辟九霄，仰步三天胜迹；阶崇万级，俯临千嶂奇观。”上覆摩空阁，内置3尊明万历年间女神铜像。走在天街上，但见云海茫茫，穿过天街，又见碧霞祠、玉皇顶、桃花源，处处是人间奇观。

各位游客：如果在山顶上住上两天，也许看到云海日出，黄河金带，晚霞夕阳等泰山奇景。欢迎各位再次来泰山观光旅游，感谢大家和快乐度过了美好的一天，再见！

宁园位于银川市解放东街南侧。从西门进园，便进入盆景区。主要区由“兴庆殿"、“沁茗"阁、碑、廊及水池组成。“兴庆殿"是园中最高大的殿宇。殿内壁画“西夏风云"艺术地再现了我国历史上西夏国时期的政治、经济、文化、军事及风土人情。“兴庆殿"前的方型水池中置汉白玉石雕“哪吒闹海"。“兴庆殿"左侧是卷棚式仿古建筑“沁茗"阁，右侧则是一个四角由重檐亭和一个六角亭连接的曲折碑廊，名“翰墨"。廊壁刻有毛泽东、董必武及区内外书法家的`作品。东区的北面是一组大型假山，有池塘、藤架、花池、供游人活动休息。

近几年，为了发掘被淹埋的文化艺术宝藏，自治区和中宁县人民政府对石空寺石窟进行了清理和修理工作，大部分石窟及寺院已整修和重建。

石空寺始建于何时，尚难明确论断。据明代史料记载，称其为“元故寺"。对于石窟的开凿年代，历来有唐、西夏、元三种传说。今天从窟室的形制和风格看，以始凿于唐代的可能性最大。

其他景点：宁夏概况导游词 ·西夏王陵导游词 ·沙湖导游词

石空寺石窟，明清时代成为远近闻名的风景之一，曾有“石空夜灯"之称。当时有诗赞曰：“叠嶂玲珑竦石空，谁开兰若碧云中，僧闲夜夜燃灯坐，遥见青山一点红?

Everybody is good! I am Forbidden City tourism YanJian you can call me xiaoyan tour guide, I want to go with you today Beijing famous scenic spots: the Forbidden City. We went there today: taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace.

I mainly introduce the palace first: Beijings Forbidden City, is one of the worlds largest and best preserved ancient palace complex, is the highest level of ancient Chinese architecture. Beijing the imperial palace, the Ming dynasty yongle four years (1406), was built in the eighteenth year (1420), is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, the timely according to the Forbidden City, beginning in 1925, according to the Forbidden City. Ancestor cheng, Beijing from 1421 to 1911 revolution to overthrow the qing government, the last emperor pu yi out of the palace, to end the rule of feudal dynasty in Chinese history, the palace has been the ruling class of the political and cultural center of China, has experienced the 24 emperors.

The Palace Museum covers an area of 720xx0 square meters, construction area of 150000 square meters, the existing buildings of more than 980, have house more than 8700, around the Forbidden City around 10 meters high walls, and there are more than 50 meters wide moat. The middle of the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace was built in the city, to the north and the south central axis, faces south, which fully reflect the supreme imperial power of the feudal rule, outside the Forbidden City is emperor city, outside the imperial city and Beijing city, the city surrounded by city, shows the guarded hierarchy. In history, the Forbidden City has repeatedly reconstruction for fire and other reasons, but the basic pattern has not changed, the entire palace after the building is divided into north and south power at the two parts. Power with taihe, neutralization, and three main halls, are the three main halls in the Forbidden Citys tallest building, it is the place where the emperor held a major ceremony, is the symbol of the feudal imperial power.

Back to the palace of heavenly purity, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility of delivery as the center, around something natural to wing, is the emperor, empress, wives, princess lived. Power after the katyn, clear-cut, cannot overstep casually, embodies the ancient Chinese traditional hierarchical, both inside and outside have other ethics. Craftsman will such a large scale of Chinese architecture planning in order to use heavy doors and courtyard to the imperial palace and orderly combination into the magnificent buildings. The Forbidden City planning and construction of the Ming and qing dynasty, not only inherited the tradition of ancient Chinese architecture, the development and innovation, is the ancient Chinese culture and the achievements of the ancient Chinese architectural art. Its indoor and outdoor architectural space combination, the collocation of cubic construction size, the use of materials, the sketch of the display, decoration, the choice of the color are reached the high level, the exciting art effect.

(指为官表)现在我们看到的是林则徐历官三十多年的职官表，林则徐从1820_年开始任地方官，他第一次担任的是"江南道监察御史"，此后1832年7月任江苏巡抚，这是林则徐为官最长的省份，前后长达20_年之久。1842年林则徐被发配，在整整呆了三年，之后朝廷又重新启用了他，担任陕甘总督、陕西巡抚，最后一任是云贵总督。1849年，因病回到福州。1850年，奉旨赴广西途中，于11月22日病逝广东省潮州普宁县，终年66岁。林则徐一生中曾经两次任钦差大臣，这在当时是非常罕见的。

(指图)林则徐一生从政，在治水方面政绩尤为突出，现在我们所看到的这幅图就是林则徐在江苏新修水利示意图：林则徐任江苏巡抚长达五年之久，他以卓越的才能和强烈的责任感，防灾、抗灾、赈灾，兴修水利。1832年，太湖流域的刘河和白茆河由于常年失修，引起灾害，林则徐到任后想方设法，解决了困扰近20_年的治水经费问题，不到3个月全部完工。1835年7月，苏松一带大雨倾盆，由于河道畅通，原来每年都被淹的河段，现在安然无恙。在林则徐的带领下，江南各州县很快掀起兴修水利的热潮，大大改善了当地的水利条件和抗灾能力。

林则徐一生，始终关注水利的兴修。从江南海塘、黄河、运河、到长江流域等等，到处都留下了他治水的业绩。治水成了他一生的主要业绩之一，大家现在所看到的就是林则徐治理的几处河道遗址：有浏河大闸、 荆江大堤、河南祥符黄河、高家堰、淮河(指各图)。

林则徐兴修水利的足迹遍布南滨北疆。这就是他在改造的“林公渠”和“坎儿井”。在吐鲁番,他发现一种被当地人称为“卡井”(坎儿井)的水利设施,看到水在土中穿穴而流,惊叹不已。询问当地群众,才知道这是一种因地制宜、可长期采用、效果良好的地下水利工程。他很快就把这一灌溉方法加以改进，并推广到各地。他还自己出资，承修龙口水渠，百姓就把“坎儿井”称为“林公井”。把水渠称为“林公渠”,以表示对林则徐造福边陲的深切怀念和感激。

(指图)西湖是福州的游览胜地之一，也是一个水利设施。当年林则徐常到西湖读书，这是林则徐曾经的读书处——“西湖桂斋”。(指图)

(指漆画)1820_年,林则徐父亲去世,回到福州守孝，看到西湖因长年失修,湖面缩小，林则徐提出重浚西湖的倡议,第二年9月完工。完工后，林则徐又组织了人力，物力栽种了千株梅树，精制两艘游艇供人游玩。在林则徐的一生中，修西湖只不过是一个小插曲，但是林则徐责无旁贷地修了西湖，并提供游览环境，也足见他的感情世界五彩斑斓，雅兴盎然。

(指漆画)林则徐爱民治水的情结实在令人钦敬。早在1820_年林则徐任江苏布政使时，母亲病故，林则徐回到福州为母亲守孝。按照封建礼制，在家乡丁忧要三年。当时江南10多个州县被水淹，道光帝特下旨，派林则徐赶到那里督工。但是林则徐为了千万灾民的安危，身着素服，不加顶戴，终日奔走在泥泞的工地上，真正做到了忠孝两全。

(指漆画)1837年林则徐在湖广总督任上，当地又出现灾情，林则徐感到形势严重，采取很多防御和抢救措施。

(指漆画)林则徐曾两度治理黄河，功绩显著。第一次是1831年10月，林则徐升为东河河道总督，专心学习研究河务工程，注重实地考察，在冰天雪地中亲自勘查。第二次参与黄河治理，情况和第一次大为不同，他是以“戴罪”之身来到黄河，将功赎罪的。那是在1841年4月，林则徐革职遣戍伊犁。当时黄河决口，周边州、县直接受灾。道光帝令林则徐折回开封灾区“效力赎罪”。朝廷并派大学士王鼎，前往开封主持堵口工程，王鼎十分器重林则徐，希望林则徐能够戴罪立功，以免予发配。林则徐起早贪黑，全力以赴，到年底就完成了堵口工程，但道光帝还是下旨“林则徐仍往伊利”，王鼎含泪和林则徐告别，林则徐青衣小帽，踏上了遣戍伊犁的漫漫征途。王鼎回到府内，悲愤交加，自缢身亡，终以“尸谏”朝廷，希望皇帝有所悔悟。林则徐两度治理黄河，不管个人处境如何不同，他都抱定“苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之”这一信念，知难而进，毫不退避，也理所当然地被后人瞻仰。

在治水利民的同时，他积极采取多种措施赈灾。首先，提出救灾和恢复农业生产办法;其次，主张富人和官吏捐财、捐粮食，捐物资;同时还扩建了苏州育婴堂。

(指图)这是用于赈济灾荒的粮仓——江苏丰备义仓遗址。林则徐为了促进农业发展，提倡种植双季稻提高农作物产量。他任江苏巡抚时，还提倡各地充实粮食储备，作为有备无患的长计。他把衙门后的房间改造成"丰备义仓"，储备了粮食八千多担，这是一座具有规模的储存粮食的仓库。

(指图)林则徐在江苏抗灾后，全力组织救灾，为了使灾民及时得到粮食，还亲自到现场，指挥发放灾粮，避免贪官污吏从中克扣粮食，中饱私囊。

(指图)1833年的9月，林则徐在江苏巡抚任上，当时江苏发生了特大的水灾，林则徐忧心如焚，准备向道光皇帝奏报灾情，要求缓征赋税，赈发灾粮，但是皇帝先发制人下了御旨，不准缓征赋税。按朝廷规定不能以一个人的名义上书皇帝，而且过了9月份不准再报秋灾。但是，眼看如果继续征税，百姓只有饿死，并且可能引起民反。林则徐为了百姓的生存，也为了安定稳定，不顾个人安危，冒着杀头的危险，连夜写下了3000字的奏折，以一个人的名义上书皇帝要求缓征赋税。这就是有名的“单衔上疏”。在这篇奏折里，他描绘了灾区的惨状，阐述了民为邦本的思想观念，之后道光皇帝怕灾民造反，只好准奏。林则徐这次单衔上疏在江苏产生了巨大的影响，消息传开，百姓争相传抄林公用血泪写成的这份奏折。它堪称中国近代史上一篇不朽的爱民文献。

(指图)林则徐在抗灾救荒中，不单单靠朝廷救济，还动员灾民开展生产自救，这就是林则徐亲自带领灾民参加修筑河堤的画面。

(指图)林则徐在江苏和陕西的救灾中，还解决了许多棘手问题。他推行“当牛法”：林则徐见灾民因为没有食物，而杀掉耕牛，这样就影响第二年的种地，其后果非常严重，因此他说服农民把耕牛典当给官府喂养，第二年再还给农民，保证今后的农业生产得到恢复。

(指文物)这本《使滇小草》是林则徐的第一部诗集，是他1820_年去云南任乡试主考官的途中，将沿途的见闻记载下来，整理成的诗集。

(指文物)《裕州水发，村民舁舆以济，感而作歌》1820_年，林则徐去云南，途经江苏裕州，爆发洪水，村民们站在没肩的洪水中，排成人墙，把林则徐送到对岸，安全地脱离险境。他深为感动，写下了这首扣人心弦的诗。

(指文物)《驿马行》、《病马行》：这两首诗也是他在去云南途中写下的。描写的是被养马的人克扣马草经费，使得马儿骨瘦如柴，饥肠辘轳，还要继续工作的情景。在诗中借着驿马和病马，表现了关心民间疾苦、憎恨贪官污吏的思想内容，这两首诗都收集在《使滇小草》中。

(指文物)《二次祷雨祝文》： 1835年的夏天，林则徐任江苏巡抚时，江苏大旱，他写了《二次祷雨祝文》，希望能够风调雨顺。

(指图)1832年，林则徐在任江苏巡抚时，江苏连年遭灾，林则徐认为只有发展农业，提高粮食产量，才能解决缺粮问题，于是想到种双季稻。林则徐为了成功种植双季稻，他全方面地了解当地的地理、气候等特征，还查阅了大量的书籍，走访了有种植经验的农民(指图)，之后他在巡抚衙门的后院亲自栽种，大获成功。

林则徐对农具的改革也非常重视，仿西方制造了节省人力、提高效率的龙尾水车，不仅有利于田园灌溉，还可用于抗涝排水，之后大力推广使用，发展农业。

在三年里，林则徐对当地的农业，也作出了卓越的贡献。以61岁的高龄开垦囤田三万七千余顷，行程两万余里，这幅就是林则徐开垦南疆的示意图(指图)。与此同时，林则徐在还积极传播纺纱技术。当时盛产棉花，林则徐就推行使用了纺车，大力推动了的棉纺织业。现在的北疆树林，就是林则徐当年从家乡福州引进的树苗长成的，人们为了纪念林则徐，便把纺车称为“林公车”，把绿林成阴称为“林公林”(指图)。

(指文物)现在我们看到的《衙斋杂录》就是林则徐遣戍伊犁时期摘抄的公文和档案。

(指文物)这本《荷戈纪程》记录了林则徐赴戍伊犁时，从西安到达伊犁的经过和险恶行程中的所见所闻。

林则徐不但对百姓疾苦时刻关注，对后生人才的培养与选拔也是十分重视的。1820_年——1820_年间，林则徐两次出任江西、云南乡试考官。在他的主持下，杜绝舞弊，精心阅卷，一丝不苟，严格选拔。他所录取的人，多是清贫而优秀的人才，因此被誉为“清榜”。这就是百年前南方一次闱场的旧影(指图)。

(指图)这幅是江南乡试闱场，林则徐三次担任江南主考官，对科场的弊端进行了整顿，提高了效率，使江南考场秩序焕然一新，这又是林则徐经世致用的一项实践。

(指图)1820_年初，林则徐任江苏按察使，为了平反冤案，他杜绝办案人员从中索取贿赂，要求官吏要亲自调查办案。他这种雷厉风行的作风，赢得了“林青天”的美誉。林则徐在考察下属官员方面，也实行了自己的一套办法，首先是自己亲自考察下属，然后亲自写评语。他这种做法在当时官场中非常罕见。

(指图)林则徐知人善任，珍惜人才。他注意调查研究，设立“人才档案”。这幅《滇轺纪程》不仅记载了林则徐去云南途中的所见所闻，还记载了他推荐真才实学的人。这就是林则徐在江苏主持考试的时候，发现了年轻有为的冯桂芬，立即将他召入抚署，像从前福建巡抚张师诚培养自己那样，让冯桂芬参议各项要政，这对冯桂芬产生了重大而深远的影响。

林则徐虎门销烟的壮举早已经家喻户晓，但他扬州治税的伟业却鲜为人知。林则徐在扬州和泰州提出了治理逃税的主张，使扬州关税有了很大的增长。在治税成功后，他还在滕坝等处树立了《永禁滕鲍各坝越漏南北货税告示碑》和税碑亭(指图)。

林则徐是第一个倡导自铸银币的人。这就是林则徐会同两江总督就江西、江南两省银昂钱贱、商民交困的复奏，集中反映了他的货币改革思想。

(指图)他从开辟银元的观点出发，主张大力开采银矿，鼓励商民开矿冶炼，采取“官督商办”的经营管理模式，在中国近代化历程中具有不可忽视的作用。

(指图)林则徐改革漕政制度，对恢复江南的农村经济，增加清朝财政收入，不失为有效的措施。这个《畿辅水利议》就是研究北京一带水利建设的专门性著作。这本书论证了北方土质可种水稻，以解决南粮北调的老大难问题，彻底根除运粮过程中的种.种弊端。林则徐几乎花费了半生的精力，完成了这部宝贵的著作。这一切都显示了林则徐改革开拓的锐气和这位杰出政治家经世致用的才识。

(指图)林则徐不但重视民生，还极力维护民族团结。林则徐在的三年时间中，与少数民族平等相待，尊重少数民族的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、文化艺术，并要求清政府给少数民族以耕地，发展生产，改善生活。

(指传牌)林则徐得到群众的拥戴，是与他廉洁自律、克己奉公分不开的，这个《奉旨前往广东查办海口事件传牌稿》是在1838年写的，林则徐奉旨为钦差大臣，前往广东查办海口事件。钦差大臣是代表皇帝完成特殊使命的要员，按封建社会的常规，其礼仪、排场仅次于皇帝出巡;但林则徐却发出传牌：我林则徐新官上任，途中一切费用自理，不准借机从中得利。这道传牌，体现了林则徐不同于贪官污吏的正派作风和严肃态度。

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to wuliangge. Im your guide.

Wuliangge, also known as Shoufeng temple, is located on the top of qieshimountain, 10km south of Fengrun county. It was built in 1032, the first year ofthe reign of emperor Chongxi of Liao Dynasty. The pavilion was built on thegranite platform. It used to be one story, and then it was added to threestories in the sixth year of the reign of emperor Chongxi. There are 1 pagodason the left and right sides of the pavilion. Now there is only the pharmacistsPagoda in the west, and one Wenchang Pavilion built in the Republic of China inthe East (on the right). The existing Pavilion is rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.It has three floors. The front of each floor is arched with a platform and awhite marble railing. Xieshan double eaves glazed tile roof, under the eaves arebrick wood arch. All the pavilions are made of brick and tile. They have nobeams or inch of wood members, so they are called Wuliang pavilions. In front ofthe pavilion, there is a scripture building on the left, and in front of it,there is a stele of Wanfo Pavilion, which was built in 1598. Wenchang Pavilionwas destroyed by the earthquake, and Wuliang pavilion has been renovated.

The pharmacists pagoda, also known as Qieshan flower pagoda, was built in1032, the first year of the reign of emperor Chongxi of the Liao Dynasty. It isan octagonal pavilion type flower Pagoda with ll layers, solid, all built withbricks, with a height of more than 28 meters. The lotus xumizuo on the base ofthe pagoda is richly carved. The four facades of the pagoda are carved with archshaped false doors, and the other four sides are embossed with tallBodhisattvas. The pagoda above the first floor is a cone, and from the secondfloor to the ninth floor is surrounded by bricks Sculpture of Buddha. The Tashahas been destroyed. This pagoda is of special construction. On the eaves of thepagoda, there are seven layers of square pavilions, forming a flower shapedpagoda body. The lower layer of the pagoda is in the form of Yu layer pavilions,and the upper six layers are in the form of single-layer pavilions. It isbeautiful, simple and elegant, which is rare in the flower pagodas of LiaoDynasty.

Well, tourists, Wuliang Pavilion is here to explain. Thank you for yoursupport!

Jetzt sind Sie in Changping District, dem ?u?eren Vorort von Beijing. WasSie gleich betreten werden, ist die Ming Tombs Landschaft.W?hrend dieser Zeitwerde ich den historischen Hintergrund und die Erkl?rung der Ming Tombserkl?ren.

Zhu Di, der Kaiser von Yongle in der Ming-Dynastie, schickte einigegeomantische Warlocks nach Beijing in 1407, um "günstige Erde" zu w?hlen, dieeigentlich günstige Land ist, um ein Mausoleum zu bauen.Zu dieser Zeit suchtendiese Leute viele Orte, aber sie waren nicht erfolgreich. Zuerst w?hlten sieTujiaying, das nicht in ihrem Mund war. Allerdings war der Name des Kaisers Zhu,der die gleiche Aussprache wie Schwein hatte, und machte ein Tabu.Dann entschieder sich, am Fu?e des Yangshan Berges im Südwesten von Changping zu sein, aber esgibt ein Dorf namens "langkouyu" hinter ihm. Ist das nicht gef?hrlicher!Sp?terw?hlte ich "Yanjiatai" im Westen von Peking, das mit "Yanjia" gleichgestelltist.Schlie?lich war es erst im siebten Jahr von Yongle in der Ming-Dynastie,dass das gegenw?rtige Tianshou Mausoleum Gebiet ausgew?hlt wurde. Es gibtMangshan, Huyu, Longshan und Tianshou Berge um sie herum.Das ist genau der Ortder vier G?tter im Yin Yang und fünf Elemente, das hei?t der East Green Dragon,der westwei?e Tiger, der Südrosefink, der North Xuanwu und der Wenyu River. Esist wirklich ein geomantisches Schatzland.Daraus k?nnen wir sehen, wie vielEnergie der Kaiser brauchte, um ein Mausoleum für sich zu bauen.Danach begannder Bau von Changling und wurde schlie?lich nach vier Jahren abgeschlossen.DieKaiser der Ming-Dynastie bauten hier nacheinander Mausoleen.Au?erdem hat der Bauvon Changling in 1409 bis zum Ende der Ming-Dynastie in 1644 nie aufgeh?rt.Indiesem Gebiet von 40-Quadratkilometern wurden 13-Kaiser, 23-K?niginnen, vieleKonkubinen und Prinzen der Ming-Dynastie begraben.Nachdem die Qing-Soldaten denPass betreten hatten, um das Volk der Jin zu r?chen, zerst?rten sie das Grab derQing Taizu und verbrannten es hier.Sp?ter, im 50sten Jahr von Qianlong, um dasHan-Volk zu gewinnen, bestellten sie, das Mausoleum zu reparieren.Nach derGründung der Volksrepublik China wurde hier eine gro?e Entwicklung durchgeführt,und die Grabst?tten Changling, Dingling und Zhaoling wurden ge?ffnet, unterdenen der unterirdische Palast von Dingling ausgegraben wurde.Jetzt ist es einzentraler landschaftlicher Ort in China geworden und ist die am besten erhalteneGruft-Gruppe mit der grten Anzahl Kaiser begraben in der Welt.Jetzt denkt ihrvielleicht: Gibt es nicht sechzehn Kaiser in der Ming-Dynastie?Wie kommt es,dass es hier nur dreizehn Kaiserm?use gibt?Tats?chlich ist der Grund sehreinfach. Da Zhu Yuanzhang seine Hauptstadt in Nanjing gebaut hat, ist seinMausoleum sicherlich in Nanjing, das hei?t Ming Xiaoling. Jianmen Kaiser, derzweite Kaiser der Ming-Dynastie, wurde von Zhu Di gefangen genommen und seineKnochen fehlen, so gibt es kein Mausoleum hier. In Yingzong, dem siebten Kaiserder Dynastie, wurde er von Wang Zhen, einem Eunuch, ermutigt, seine Armee fürden Thron zu führen, und sp?ter starb er.In Huailai, der Hebei-Provinz, wurde TuTu Fort von der Wasi-Armee erobert. Dieses Ereignis wird "der Wechsel des Tu"genannt. Ein Land kann nicht ohne einen K?nig sein, so dass sein Bruder wurdekanonisiert als Kaiser Jingtai. Dann gab es die "?nderung der Beschlagnahme derTür", in der Yingzong wieder den Thron. Daher gab es kein Grab von KaiserJingtai in den Ming Tombs. Er wurde in der westlichen Vorort als Prinzbegraben.Auf diese Weise muss jeder verstehen, warum es die Ming Tombs genanntwird.

Jetzt k?nnen Sie diesen Steinbogen entlang des Weges sehen, der das Symboldes Mausoleums ist. Er wurde w?hrend der Jiajing-Zeit gemacht.Der Torbogen ist5-Zimmer, 6 S?ulen und 11-Etagen. Es ist 14-Meter hoch und 28.86 Meter breit. Esist der grte und exquisite Steinbogen in China konserviert. travel Muster undDekorationen darauf sind auch Wolken Drachen Muster, die die Eigenschaften derk?niglichen Architektur reflektieren.

Dagongmen ist das Haupttor des Mausoleums, auch als Dahongmen bekannt.DasTor ist südw?rts und hat drei L?cher. Im Tor befindet sich das Mausoleum.Aufbeiden Seiten des Tores befinden sich Inschriften von "Beamten, die hieraussteigen wollen", weil damals festgelegt wurde, dass diese Leute in denMausoleum-Bereich gehen mussten, sonst würden sie bestraft werden.Au?erdem istdies auch ein verbotener Bereich. Es ist kein Ort, an dem normale Menschen nachBelieben eintreten k?nnen. Das ernste Problem ist, dass sie enthauptet werdenmüssen.Wenn Sie dieses Tor betreten, betreten Sie das Shinto, das durch denNorden und Süden des Mausoleums verl?uft und direkt zum Tor des ChanglingMausoleums führt. Das Shinto der Ming-Dynastie ist auch das l?ngste imkaiserlichen Mausoleum, das in China gebaut wurde. Tats?chlich ist seineHauptaufgabe, die Seele des Kaisers durch zu lassen, mit einer Gesamtl?nge vonsieben Kilometern.

Wenn wir gehen, sehen wir einen Stele Pavillon vor uns.Dieser Pavillon istein Geb?ude mit Doppelgarbe auf der Spitze des Xieshan Berges. Im Inneren ist eseine riesige Tablette mit einer schweren Last. Dies ist die Tafel des LobesTugend, eine g?ttliche F?higkeit des Changling. Es wurde offiziell in 1435etabliert. Auf der Vorderseite ist die Tafel des Lobes Tugend geschrieben vonZhu gaochi, der ?lteste Sohn des Kaisers Yongle, mit mehr als 3000 Worten. Aufder Rückseite sind die drei?ig Reime des AI Ming Mausoleum geschrieben im 50tenJahr von Qianlong, die den Schaden im Mausoleum registriert.Auf der Ostseite desDenkmals sind die Kosten der Qing-Regierung, um das Mausoleum zu reparieren, undauf der Westseite ist der Grund für den Zusammenbruch der Ming-Dynastie imneunten Jahr von Jiaqing.

Nach dem Stele Pavilion gehen wir weiter entlang der Shinto Stra?e. Wirwerden feststellen, dass es auf beiden Seiten der Shinto Stra?e vieleSteinschnitzer gibt.Tats?chlich gibt es hier 36-steinerne Schnitzereien, die manSteinschnitzer nennt.Neben dem Pavillon befinden sich zwei steinerne Wachposten,gefolgt von vier L?wen, vier G?nsen, vier Kamelen, vier Elefanten, vierEinh?rner und vier Pferden.Dann waren es vier Milit?rbeamte, vier Beamte undvier verdienstvolle Beamte.Diese Geb?ude wurden gebaut, um die Ehrenwache desKaisers vor seinem Tod und seiner Würde nach seinem Tod wiederzugeben.DasVolumen ist sehr gro? und die Schnitzerei ist sehr fein.Und diese symbolisierenauch, dass der Kaiser in seinem Leben und auch in seinem Tod respektiert werdenkann.Alle heiligen, zivilen und milit?rischen Beamten sollten für michrespektiert werden.

Weiter sehen Sie ein Lingxing-Tor, auch bekannt als Longfeng-Tor, wasTianmen bedeutet.In der Mitte der drei Türen und sechs S?ulen gibt es dreiflammende Perlen, also wird sie auch Flammenh?hle genannt.

Tats?chlich marschierten wir die ganze Zeit entlang des Shinto. Betrachtenwir zuerst den Steinbogen, dann das gro?e Palasttor. Jetzt gehen wir inChangling ein.Stele Pavilion, Steinelefantenleben, nach dem Drachen- undPhoenix-Tor, gibt es noch einen weiten Weg, um das Changling Mausoleum Tor zuerreichen.In der Tat ist die zentrale Achse der gesamten Mausoleum-Gruppe derShinto, der durch den Norden und Süden des Mausoleums verl?uft, mit einerGesamtl?nge von sieben Kilometern.

Was das Changling Mausoleum betrifft, so ist es das erste Mausoleum unterden Ming Tombs. Es wurde in 1409 gebaut und in 1416 fertiggestellt. Es ist dasgemeinsame Grabmal von Kaiser Zhu Di und Kaiserin Xu von Yongle, dem Kaiser derMing-Dynastie.Zhu Di war der vierte Sohn von Zhu Yuanzhang, dem Kaiser derMing-Dynastie. Als Zhu Yuanzhang starb, sandte Zhu Di Truppen aus Beiping, umNanjing im Namen von Jingnan zu fangen, und gewann den Thron von Zhu Yunven, demKaiser zu dieser Zeit, und ?nderte seinen Namen zu Yongle. Dieses Ereignis wurdedie Schlacht von Jingnan in der Geschichte genannt.Zhu Di war ein gro?er Kaiser.Nachdem er Kaiser wurde, k?mpfte er noch jahrelang, um die Herrschaft derMing-Dynastie zu festigen, und traf eine gro?e Entscheidung, die Hauptstadt nachPeking in 1420 zu verlegen.W?hrend der Ming-Dynastie unter seiner Herrschaft wardas Staatsministerium reich und die politische Situation war stabil. Er befahlauch den Menschen, Yongle Dadian zu schreiben, das grte Buch in derchinesischen Geschichte. Er sandte Zheng He sieben Mal in den Westen undentwickelte freundschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen den L?ndern.Seine Frau,Kaiserin Xu Da, die Tochter von Xu Da, der Gründer der Ming-Dynastie, ist aucheine Frau mit chinesischer klassischer Sch?nheit. Sie schrieb einst "neixun" und"Quanshan", um den Verstand der Menschen zu kultivieren.Es ist erw?hnenswert,dass die erste Person in Changling begraben war nicht Zhu Di, sondern KaiserinXu.Changling umfasst ein Gebiet von zehn Hektar. Seine zentrale Achse bestehtaus Lingen Gate, Lingen Hall, mischtou, Baocheng und Baoding.Es gibt dreiEing?nge zum Mausoleum. Der erste Eingang ist vom Tor des Mausoleums zum Tor desMausoleums. Man sieht auf beiden Seiten des Mausoleums einen kleinen StelePavilion. Es gab jedoch zu dieser Zeit keine Worte darauf. Jetzt sind die Wortevon Kaiser Shunzhi der Qing-Dynastie geschrieben.Lingen Hall befindet sich imzweiten Hof des Mausoleums. Es wurde in 1412 im 14ten Jahr der Yongle MingDynastie gebaut. Es ist der Ort, wo Gedenktafeln und Opferaktivit?ten gehaltenwerden.Es ist neun Zimmer breit und fünf Zimmer tief. Es ist ein Geb?ude mitDoppelbelag und Veranda. Es gibt 60 nanmu S?ulen in der Halle, und derDurchmesser der vier S?ulen in der Mitte ist mehr als ein Meter. Es ist diebeste nanmu Halle in China.Es gab ursprünglich eine gro?e buddhistische Nischein Lingen Halle, aber jetzt ist sie nicht mehr da. Stattdessen gibt es einesitzende Statue von Kaiser Yongle gemacht von sp?teren Generationen. Sie k?nneneinen Blick um die Rückseite der Statue. Sie k?nnen sehen, dass es einen Drachengeschnitzt auf der Rückseite des Stuhls, und der Drachenkopf ist gegenüber demKopf des Kaisers Wanli, das zeigt, dass der Kaiser ist der wahre DrachenKaiser.?berall gibt es Ausstellungen ausgegrabener Kulturreliquien.

Sobald wir aus der hinteren Tür des Flurs kommen, kommen wir zum drittenEingangshof, wo das Zeichen jedes Mausoleums ist, mischou.Wie Sie sehen k?nnen,gibt es hier auch einen Stele Pavilion. Die Stele ist mit dem Mausoleum vonKaiser Chengzuwen graviert. Da der Name des Kaisers Zhu ist, ist der K?rper derStele auch in cinnabar rot.

Da der unterirdische Palast von Changling nicht ausgegraben wurde, endeteunsere Tour in Changling.Aber du musst dir keine Sorgen machen, als N?chstesgehen wir nach Dingling, du kannst den unterirdischen Palast des alten Kaisersbesuchen.

Dingling ist das gemeinsame Grab von Zhu Yijun, dem 13.Kaiser derMing-Dynastie, und Kaiserin Xiaoduan und Xiaojing.Zhu Yijun ist der l?ngsteHerrscher der Ming-Dynastie. Sein Charakter steht im scharfen Gegensatz zu ZhuDi, dem Kaiser von Yongle.Er war sehr gierig und faul. Als er im Alter von neunJahren den Thron bestieg, dank der Unterstützung von Minister Zhang Juzheng, wardie Entwicklung des Landes relativ stabil. Nachdem Zhang Juzheng an Krankheitstarb, nutzte er die Gelegenheit, das Mausoleum für sich selbst zu w?hlen. Esdauerte ihm acht Millionen Silber-Taels und sechs Jahre, um dasDingling-Mausoleum mit der besten technischen Qualit?t zu bauen.Es gab eingro?es Bankett im Palast, einen echten Kaiser, der die Leute bitter zum Lachenbrachte.Und er war nicht nur das, in seinem 48-j?hrigen Amt, ignorierte er dieRegierung für 28-Jahre, was zur L?hmung des Landes führte.Sp?tere Generationenkommentierten, dass das Schicksal der Ming-Dynastie bereits zu einervorbestimmten Schlussfolgerung zur Zeit des Kaisers Zhu Yijun von Wanli gewordenwar.Er hatte zwei K?niginnen. Tats?chlich hatte Kaiserin Xiaojing am Anfangeinen niedrigen Status. Allerdings hatte sie einen Jungen bei sich, ZhuChangluo, der sp?ter der "Sohn des Himmels im Januar" wurde. Mutter sch?tzteihren Sohn, so dass sie als Konkubine geehrt wurde.Sie starb jedoch neun Jahrefrüher als Zhu Yijun und wurde nicht im Dingling-Mausoleum bestattet. Erst alsihr sp?ter der Titel Kaiserinmutter verliehen wurde, wurde sie mit Kaiser ZhuYijun und Kaiserin Xiaoduan von Wanli im Mausoleum bestattet.Xiaoduan, eineandere Kaiserin von Zhu Yijun, hatte keine Kinder mit ihm. Weniger als 100 Tagenach ihrem Tod starb auch Zhu Yijun, also wurden sie am selben Tag in Dinglingbegraben.

Sobald wir das Dingling Mausoleum betreten, ist das erste, was wir sehen,ein Stele Pavilion, in dem die Stele von Shengong Shengde, auch bekannt als diewortlose Stele, ist.An der Spitze der Stele ist eine Platte aus Wolken undDrachen, und am Boden ist ein Muster des Meerwassers. Die Unterseite der Steleist auch einer der neun S?hne des Drachen.In den Ming Tombs, au?er dem ChanglingMausoleum, gibt es keine anderen Grabsteine Inschriften.Das liegt daran, dass esvor den sechs Mausoleen von Xianjing Yumao Taikang keine Stele-Pavillons gab.Natürlich gab es keine Inschriften. Nachdem jedoch die sechs Stele-Pavillonsnacheinander gebaut wurden, h?tten die Inschriften Kaiser Jiajing damalsschreiben sollen, aber er war zu besch?ftigt, Alchemy zu verfeinern, um auf sieaufmerksam zu machen, so dass die sechs Stelen leer waren.Im Mausoleum nachYongling, da es keine Schrift auf dem Grabstein der Vorfahren gab, hatten sieAngst, ihre Vorfahren zu beleidigen, und sie schrieben keine Inschriften, diedie Szene bildeten, die wir heute sehen.Auf der Rückseite dieser Tafel befindetsich ein Zeichen des Vollmonds in Dingling, so dass es allgemein alsMondtablette bekannt ist. Es wird gesagt, dass es Spiritualit?t hat und mit demMond leuchten kann. Aber sp?ter, als der Friedhof Feuer fing, verlor er seineSpiritualit?t.

Nach dem Pavillon k?nnen wir sehen, dass die beiden hohen Steinplattformendie Ruinen von Lingen Gate und Lingen Hall von Dingling sind.Es war der Ort, andem Opferzeremonien abgehalten wurden. Damals war es sieben R?ume breit. Als dieQing-Soldaten in den Pass eintraten, wurde es besch?digt. W?hrend der Herrschaftdes Kaisers Qianlong wurde es restauriert, aber sp?ter wurde es besch?digt.

Wenn wir weiter gehen, sehen wir einen Ausstellungsraum. Alle hiergezeigten kulturellen Relikte werden aus dem Dingling Mausoleum, das nach derAusgrabung des unterirdischen Palastes gebaut wurde, ausgegraben.DerAusstellungsraum ist in Nord- und Südteile unterteilt. Auf der Südseite werdenhaupts?chlich die Grabobjekte von Kaiser Wanli aus dem unterirdischen Palastausgegraben. Auf der Nordseite sind die Grabobjekte von zwei Kaiserm?beln sehrexquisit.

Jetzt komme ich, um mich unter euch zu mischen, was auch das Symbol desDingling-Mausoleums ist.Minglou, ein Steingeb?ude, ist das am besten erhalteneGeb?ude auf dem Boden des Dingling Mausoleums, das nie besch?digt wurde.Auf derOberseite des gelben glasierten Fliesen des Ming-Turms, gibt es eine gro?eSteintafel mit zwei Zeichen Dingling, zwei Zeichen Daming auf der Stirn derTafel, und sieben Zeichen des Kaiser Shenzongxians Mausoleum auf dem K?rper derTablette.Es ist mit der Schatzstadt verbunden.Baocheng ist eine gro?e runde Wandmit Ziegeln gebaut. An der Wand sind Crenels. Die Wand ist 7,5 Meter hoch, dickan der Spitze und dünn am Boden, und 800 Meter im Umkreis. In der Mitte der Wandgibt es einen gro?en Hügel aus künstlichem Werk, das eigentlich das Grab deskaiserlichen Mausoleums, genannt Baoding.

Wir gehen jetzt von links in den unterirdischen Palast.Die Ausgrabungen desunterirdischen Palastes Dingling begannen im Mai 1956 und endeten in 1958.AmAnfang fand das Personal eine Tickettür an der südwestlichen Wand von Baocheng,also ?ffneten sie den ersten Graben mit Blick auf die Tickettür und fanden unteneinen Tunnel aus st?dtischen Ziegeln.Drei Monate sp?ter, entlang derTunnelrichtung, wurde im Westen von Mischou ein zweiter Graben ge?ffnet. W?hrendder Ausgrabung dieses Grabens wurde eine Steintafel mit "zu dieser Zeit undjetzt, die Haut vor der Wand ist 16 Zhang, und die Tiefe ist 3 Zhang und 5 Fu?"gefunden, um die richtige Richtung für die ?ffnung des unterirdischen Palasteszu erhalten.Entlang dieser Richtung ?ffnete das Personal einen dritten Grabenund fand schlie?lich den Steintunnel, und fand die Diamantwand. Beim ?ffnen derDiamantwand befindet sich ein quadratischer Steingutscheinraum im Inneren.Mitten auf der Westseite befinden sich zwei wei?e Marmorsteintüren, aus denender "Zilai-Stein" gestützt wird. Das Personal benutzte jedoch nur Draht undHolz. In weniger als fünf Minuten ?ffneten sie den Dingling unterirdischenPalast, der seit 337 Jahren schlief.Es ist zu sp?t.

Der unterirdische Palast ist 27-Meter tief, mit einem Gesamtbereich von1195 Quadratmetern. Das ganze Geb?ude ist aus Ziegel und Stein. Es kann gesagtwerden, dass es eine unterirdische barfu?lose Halle ist. Das Ritualsystem istdas "Neunfaltige Palastsystem" imitiert die Ming-Halle. Es ist in fünf Hallen,die Front, die Mitte und die Rückseite geteilt. Es ist durch sieben wei?eMarmortüren verbunden.Der Schwerpunkt der Steintür ist auf die Türwelle geneigt,so dass sie frei ge?ffnet und geschlossen werden kann. Auf dem Türblatt befindetsich ein bronzenes Lüfterrohr zur Vermeidung des Zusammenbruchs, das etwa zehnTonnen wiegt. Auf der Vorderseite der Tür befinden sich melkf?rmige Türn?gel undKragenkopf. Auf der Rückseite befindet sich ein erh?hter Teil, der ihrentspricht.

Im vorderen Saal des unterirdischen Palastes und in den beiden Seitenhallensind keine M?bel vorhanden.Nun ist die zentrale Halle sieben Meter hoch undsechs Meter breit. Der Boden ist mit Goldsteinen gepflastert. Je polierter dieZiegel, desto heller werden sie sein.In der Halle gibt es einen wei?enMarmorthron, dessen Stil der gleiche ist wie der des Kaisers. In der Vorderseiteist der Thron von Xiaojing und Kaiserin Xiaoduan mit einem Ph?nixkopfgeschnitzt, w?hrend die Rückseite und Armlehne von Kaiser Wanli mit einemDrachenkopf geschnitzt werden.Die ursprüngliche Darstellung des Thrones war inForm von Stift. Sp?ter, um den Besuchern den Besuch zu erleichtern, wurde dasDisplay ge?ndert.Vor den drei Thronen gab es fünf Opferutensilien aus gelberGlasur, darunter ein Zenser, zwei Kerzenst?nder und zwei R?ucherflaschen, sowiedie blaue und wei?e Yunlong Porzellansteuer in der Jiajing-Zeit. Diese MwSt. warursprünglich mit Sesam?l gefüllt und hatte einen Docht im Inneren, derChangming-Lampe genannt wurde. Aufgrund des Mangels an Sauerstoff imunterirdischen Palast nach dem Schlie?en der Tür dauerte diese Lampe jedochnicht ewig.

Hinter der mittleren Halle befindet sich die hintere Halle. Sie ist diegrte Halle im unterirdischen Palast. Sie ist 9.5 Meter gro?, 31 Meter lang und9.1 Meter breit. Der Boden ist mit polierten, gesprenkelten Steinengepflastert.In der hinteren Halle befindet sich ein Sargbett mit wei?emSteinrand. Es gibt ein langes Quadratloch in der Mitte, und die Mitte ist mitL?ss gefüllt, die die erste Schaufel des L?sses bei der Wahl des Grabes. Es wirdJinjing genannt, der der grundlegende Punkt des architektonischen Musters desgesamten Mausoleums ist.Das Jade-Begr?bnis bezieht sich auf das Anbringen vonJade in den Sarg oder in den Mund der Toten.Der Grund dafür ist, dass dieAntiker glaubten, dass Jinjing mit Yin und Yang kommunizieren und Lebenaustauschen konnte, w?hrend Jade-Beerdigung die Leiche vor der F?ulnis bewahrenkonnte.Jinjing Jade Bestattung war die h?chste Bestattung in Ming und QingDynastien.Natürlich sind das die Ideale der Antike, ohne wissenschaftlicheGrundlage.Auf dem Sargbett befinden sich die S?rge von Kaiser Wanli und zweiKaiserinnen, sowie 26 Holzkisten für Grabobjekte.

Nach den Regeln des Kaisers Mausoleums wird die Hintertür nur für den Sargdes Kaisers benutzt, warum gibt es also zwei