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故宫导游词简介热门20篇

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故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 14433 字

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首先我来介绍故宫的概况。

故宫过去叫紫禁城,它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(14XX年)永乐十八年建成,占地面积72万多平方米,距今已有6XX年的历史。在这里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学非常发达的国家,早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中,人们发现,有一颗星的位置是不变的,始终居于天空的正中,它是紫微星,也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿,称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子,就是天帝的儿子,他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”,这是其一,其二呢,皇帝居住的宫院,对寻常老百姓来说,是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来,所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣,也就是永乐皇帝在14XX年开始营建的,用了XX年的时间才全部建成,1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统,共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过,统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半,实际上是8700多间,是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列,并向两边展开,左右对称,格局严正,气魄雄伟,极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时,不仅仅可以亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦,还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道,这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的,您定会爱不够,也看不够。再者说,在那些文物的背后,在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事,足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话,您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫,就是走进了中华文明的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”,因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上,建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了,那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢?不要着急,这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。19xx年,辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治,19xx年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说,这座宫殿应该收归国有。可是,按照当时的规定,溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分,长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天,冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟,将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫,同时成立“清室善后委员会”,接管故宫,并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备,1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天,为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝,许多人拥向故宫,北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞,这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天,到底接待了多少游客,我们不知道。可这几年,每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的,算起来,每天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了,在这么长的时间,尤其是新中国成立后,故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面,取得了巨大的进步。您知道吗?目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件,占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一,其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢?那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢?这150多万件文物种类齐全,包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器,以及大量帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来,故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外,又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆,并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。另外,你还可以到故宫的网站上看看,网址是:. (d是英文digital 数字的意思;pm是palace museum,故宫的意思。中文意思就是数字故宫。

城池

午门 是皇宫的正门,因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝,它的地位非常重要,许多重大仪式都是在这里举行的。比如:每年农历十月,皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外,打完仗,将士得胜回朝后,要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节,这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天,而且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩,显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而,说到这午门,大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实,这句话纯属误传,北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎么传出来的呢?过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政,经常出现意见不和的情况。在明朝时,皇帝就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子,它是一种碗口粗的毛竹,里面还要灌上水银,据说是为了加大杀伤力,几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间,就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门 故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外,还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟,每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。这里说的更,是过去人们对夜间的计时方法,一更约为两个小时,一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点,正是三更的时候,所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每天夜幕降临后,在击鼓报初更之前,先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静,紫禁城里的人们,都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门 是整个明代皇宫的东门,与西华门一东一西,遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为,而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门,门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同,是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地,或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故,大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼 在紫禁城高高的城墙上,有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠,镶嵌在高大的城墙上,它们不仅是我国,也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂,它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造,还有一个故事呢,我来说说吧。 相传,明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时,特意指定要在紫禁城的死角,各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼,并且限期100天,盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿,这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了,工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是,来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子非常精致漂亮,大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸,“一根梁,两根梁…..”一数,一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎,这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家非常兴奋,突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿,可一看,老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说,这是鲁班爷显灵,来救我们了。于是,工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河 紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米,深6米的护城河,河岸陡直,由条石砌成,俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间,戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山,玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥,流到市中心的后海,然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流,经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕,农历七月,荷花盛开,十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外,剩余的拿到市场上卖,所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河,一条是内金水河,一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前,其水系来自护城河西边的河段,护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后,进入地道,在从织女桥流出,绕过社稷坛,从外金水桥流过,经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸,流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水,河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流,在慈宁花园墙外向东南转,蜿蜒经武英殿,在太和门前广场形成一个优美的拱形渠,然后转向北流经文渊阁,在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延多米,河上共有大大小小21座桥,还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外,增加精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门 朋友们,到了皇宫,您一定想知道皇帝上早朝的地方吧,太和门,就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证,就是大家所说的上早朝,由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。 在人们的印象中,皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里,其实不然。每天清晨,皇帝从后宫出来,坐在这太和门种种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序,站在门下的广场上,向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士,负责记录皇帝的意见,退朝后再稍加整理,颁行天下,这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”,国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到这里,也许您会想到:在露天的门外办公,万一刮风下雨怎么办呢?其实别说刮风下雨,就是平常这里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定:皇帝和大臣们每天都要上早朝。不过,制度是死的,人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋,后代的皇帝就贪图享乐,把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外,中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡,则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候,将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥 在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥,这就是著名的金水桥。您知道它为什么叫“金水桥”吗?我先说桥下这条河的水,它来自京城西面的玉泉山,从紫禁城的西北进入,东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说,就是金木水火土这五种物质,认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金,所以取名“金水河”,那上面的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了,我们都知道,天安门外也有金水桥,那是外金水桥,而我们眼前的是内金水桥,这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用,也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道,故宫中的水源是很少的,一旦宫殿着火,金水河里的水就非常珍贵了。

太和殿 在宽阔的太和门广场上,广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道,这条御道当年只有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望,在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上,有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿,也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米,比现在的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基,为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构,而木材本身又不可能很高大,于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起,以增强气势。 在紫禁城所有宫殿中,以这座金銮殿最受尊崇,当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在这里举行。比如说,皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后,还有在发生战争时派将出征,都要在太和殿举行非常隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典,皇帝要这里接受百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆,也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节,皇帝也要在这里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们现在的新年,而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天,古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子,值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天,次日在太和殿接受王公大臣的朝贺,而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自己的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把,这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队,文武百官就跪在这御道的两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上,接受官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要,在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅在紫禁城内,就是从全国范围看,也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面,高达35米,比现在的10层楼房还要高。讲到这里,不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看,这么大的一个广场,怎么连一颗树也没有?原来,这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想,如果这里松柏参天,三大殿掩映在树荫之中,那还能有现在这种气势马?再者说,这里是举行重大典礼的地方,要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木,仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响,将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来,是这些宫殿建筑的功能,决定了这里不能种树。 在太和殿的汉白玉台基上,有许多青铜鼎,其实那时香炉,因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的,所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉,象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时,就在香炉腹部装上香料,然后将香料点燃,18个香炉就一起散出缕缕青烟,使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。 太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落,各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上,中间插一根铁针,周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时,铁针的投影指向哪个时刻,就表示是什么时辰了。它叫日晷,是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置,是一座石头亭子,它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具,一直到近代,人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代,时间和度量衡是非超重要的,它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间,只有天子才能代表上天,行使规定时间和计量的权力,它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的,但还有一定的寓意。我们都知道,龟、鹤是长寿的动物,在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤,象征着国运永昌。 我们都知道故宫有8700多间房子,而这太和殿,就有55间,这是怎么回事呢?因为在古代,我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子,而太和殿是横11间、纵5间,就是55间了。所以说,整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。 摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅,就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成,从明朝到清朝一直是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度,给人一种非常稳定的感觉,象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子,靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子,他表面贴的是金箔,6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅,把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的,每根高12米,直径1米多,两个人都抱不过来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具,要采伐、运输这么的木材,实在是一件非常艰难的事情。 在太和殿的天花板上,有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称,就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙,就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下面,吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球,它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究,您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝,而咱们现代人都是它们的后代,所以中国人都说自己是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”,而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜,表示自己三正统黄帝,而且有轩辕氏的保佑。 太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗?指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的,那它为什么会叫金砖呢?这种砖是在今天苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的,所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时,听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之,这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成,可是由于它的制作方法独特,工艺复杂,它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚固,尽管经历了几百年的摩擦,依然光亮如镜,再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的,所以,冠以“金砖”的美名,也是名副其实。

中和殿 太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑,是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前,皇帝从后宫出来,在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后,有专门的人来导引着皇帝,沿中间的御道,从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座,就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭,整个大典便开始了。由于这里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方,所以他在后来逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中,有一项很特殊,那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分,皇帝要到先农坛,那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”,就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理,但到了春分那天,皇帝要亲自到这块田地上,扶扶犁,锄锄地,这叫行“亲耕礼”,祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前,要在中和殿举行一个仪式,看一看他要用的农具,这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了,中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在这里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样,也有自己的家谱,皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉,牒是通牒的牒,每隔十年重修一次。这里要说明一句,皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒,但并不是用玉制成的,也是用纸张书写,只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵,才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途,是皇帝在这里为皇太后上徽号。皇帝为了表示孝道,要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号,叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座非常著名的宫殿,在明清两朝,这里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日,皇帝都要在这里宴请文武百官,以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖,像西藏的高僧,蒙古王公来皇宫,皇帝也要在这里设宴款待,以示笼络。公主出嫁,皇帝也要在这里宴请亲家,表示对他们的尊重。然而,保和殿在读书人的心目中,地位是最高的,因为从清朝乾隆年间开始,保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能,成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元,就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎,暮登天子堂。将相本无种,男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗?它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛,晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”,指的就是这保和殿。这里形容读书人的一步登天,其实当年可不是这样的。在当年,能够到这座大殿内参加考试,就应经是非常非常不容易了。因为来到这里的考生,都是从全国众多学子中,经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人,熟读“四书五经”之后,首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人,到县衙大堂,见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”,考中为举人,举人就可以做县令之类的小官了,社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗,在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试,考官们徇私舞弊的情节。其实,中举对于科举之路来说,只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试,所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次,由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上,整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束,皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式,称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场,皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元,第二,第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人可以很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城,这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕 故宫中,在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕,用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰,显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中,保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案,从上到下,刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙,嬉戏于云海之中,非常生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的,现在长16.57米,宽3.07米,平均厚度1.70米,重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村,距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前,没有任何现代化运输工具的情况下,是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢?这是一个非常有趣的话题。简单地说,就是借助冰,是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村,每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节,从井里把水提上来,泼在路面上,就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们知道,饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情况下,仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马,用了近一个月时间,耗银11万两,才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里,其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前,都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸 故宫里有许多大缸,您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢?这些缸是储水防火用的,故宫里现在总共有308口铜缸或铁缸,分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点,缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷,户外的水很容易结冰,所以入冬以后,专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套,上面盖上缸盖,低下烧上炭火,一直烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火,基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的,缸外面是镏金的,一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙,十分华贵气派。可是,如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边,会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎么回事呢?说道这儿,我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前,也就是公元19xx年,八国联军以镇压义和团的名义,侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后,对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠,抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像,许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面,金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去,留下横七竖八的刀痕,引起我们痛苦的回忆,提醒我们要勿忘国耻,自强不息!

横街

在保和殿和乾清门之间有条狭长的广场,是紫禁城内的一条分界线,称“横街”,又叫乾清门广场。横街以南是外朝,是举行重大典礼的场所。横街以北是皇帝后妃们居住的地方。从这里向北的一片金碧辉煌的宫殿,就是紫禁城的内廷。在内廷紫禁城的中轴线上有三座宫殿,依次是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫,称为后三宫,再往北是御花园。两侧各有六座规制相同的院落,就是妃嫔们居住的东六宫和西六宫。东六宫的东侧,有皇帝供奉祖先的奉献殿和乾隆打算养老的宁寿全宫。在内廷中轴线的西面,有一大片宫殿,是供太后、太妃们居住的慈宁宫、寿康宫。另外,还有一座很高的建筑,与周围其他殿堂有很大差异。那是外西路的一处佛堂,叫雨花阁,是故宫中最大的一处佛堂。这座阁楼的形制与其他宫殿明显不同,它的四个屋脊各雕有一条铜铸镏金的龙,四条游龙栩栩如生,呼之欲出。

军机处 在乾清门西高墙边,有排又矮又小的房子,比起紫禁城里那些高大的宫殿,它们实在是太不起眼了。可是正像俗话所说的“人不可貌相”一样,这几间小房子也非比寻常,因为这就是鼎鼎大名的“军机处”所在地。您在各种文学、影视作品中所看到的“军机大臣”,就在这里值班。清朝为什么要把军机处那样一个非常重要的机构,放在这么一个不起眼的地方呢?就是因为这排房子的一墙之隔就是皇帝居住的养心殿。雍正初年,西北地区放生大规模的武装叛乱,军情紧急,雍正皇帝经常在养心殿昼夜不停的和大臣们商量如何评定叛乱。为了随时召见这些大臣,雍正便将养心殿外这排平房作为大臣们休息和等候的地方。这样一来,既节省了时间,又有利于保密。于是,军机处成为正式的国家机关,国家的军政大事都在这里决断,而本来掌握朝政大权的内阁变成空架子。军机大臣的人选要皇帝亲自在大学士、尚书、侍郎等大臣中选任。这样军机处就完全置于皇帝的直接控制之下了。而军机大臣确实有一定权势。要是没有过人的才能,还是不可能成为军机大臣的。一位大臣初入军机处,叫学习“行走”,他每天的工作就是誊写诗片。皇帝每天口诵所制诗文,这位大臣只能肃立静听,然后回到军机处根据记忆将皇帝的诗文誊些出来,也能做到准确无误了,才能参加撰写皇帝的谕旨。皇帝的谕旨,有时一天好几次,有时一说就是几百句话,听了以后,仅凭记忆,要能写的完全符合皇帝的本意才行。您说,这活儿容易吗?

景运门 在明朝时期可是戒备森严,没有皇帝的诏令,就是王公大臣也不能进入。因为,这是进入皇宫内院的必经之门。在景运门西面,有一个和它正对着的门,叫隆宗门,隆宗门的作用及管理办法,和景运门完全一样的。

后三宫

乾清门,它和南面的太和门有异曲同工之处。太和门是明朝“御门听证”的场所,清朝则改在这里。清代的许多重大国事比如平定吴三桂等人的叛乱、抗击沙皇俄国的侵略、出兵收复中国台湾等。都是在这里讨论决策的。乾清门内是一个不大的院子,周围有一些看上去很普通的长廊式房屋,您可千万别小看这些没有气派的平房,中国历史上许多重大历史事件就发生在这里。您听说过康熙智擒鳌拜的故事吗?这历史上真实的一幕,就发生在乾清门西侧的叫南书房的屋子里。康熙做皇帝的时候只有8岁,又鳌拜登四名大臣辅政,鳌拜居功自傲,专横跋扈。有很大野心。他通过大肆结党营私,迫害异己逐渐总揽了朝廷大权,干了许多坏事。康熙14岁时,名义上正式亲政,可实际上鳌拜仍然控制着朝廷,把康熙置于傀儡地位。有一次,鳌拜和一个大臣发生争执,鳌拜在朝堂上,就和皇帝大吵大闹,后来竟然撸起袖子、伸出拳头,胁迫康熙。康熙只好暂时忍耐。从那以后,康熙决心除掉这块绊脚石。然而鳌拜是满族贵族中有名的“勇士”武功极好,又手握大权,在朝中有一大帮党羽,要扳倒鳌拜也不是件容易的事。康熙决定智取,假装迷上了摔跤,他让人找了十几个身体强壮并和自己年龄相仿的少年,天天在一起玩摔跤。有时鳌拜进宫办事,看到小皇帝这样贪玩,认为不会有什么作为,就更加不把皇帝放在心上,做着独揽大权的美梦。经过一年多的训练,康熙认为时机已经成熟,便在康熙八年五月的一天,召鳌拜来南书房讲书,当时这里是康熙读书的地方。当鳌拜像往常一样趾高气扬的走进去时,突然拥上一帮少年,连拉带绊把他按倒在地,鳌拜还以为这帮孩子在跟他开玩笑。当他被捆绑住后,康熙严厉的列举了鳌拜的30条罪状。考虑到鳌拜毕竟为清朝立下过汗马功劳,宣布将他终生监禁。不可一世的鳌拜后来死在狱中。这一年康熙皇帝才16岁。

乾清宫 是皇帝的寝宫,明朝的14位皇帝和清朝的顺治,康熙两位皇帝都曾在这里居住,并在这里批阅奏章、召见官员、接见外国使节。从清朝第五代皇帝雍正开始,将寝宫移到了养心殿。宫殿里宝座的上方,悬挂着一块牌匾,上面写着“正大光明”四个大字。这块匾是康熙皇帝临摹顺治皇帝的笔迹写成的,在学多电视剧中出现过,可以说它是紫禁城中最重要的一块匾,为什么这么说呢,有两个理由:首先“正大光明”这四个字是清朝皇帝标榜的祖训格言,制成扁悬挂在这里,作为立身、齐家、治国、平天下的基本准则。再者,它和清朝雍正皇帝创立的秘密建储制度有关。储是储存的储,建储业叫立储,就是确立皇位继承人。我国历代王朝,大都采取公开建储的方式,立为太子的多是嫡长子,也就是皇后生的第一个儿子。可是皇帝的儿子一般都很少,不少皇子都做着皇帝梦,他们为此往往拉帮结伙、勾心斗角,甚至发展为同胞骨肉互相残杀,您看过电视剧《康熙王朝》吗?剧中的康熙皇帝就因为建储而遇到问题:他曾两次立嫡长子胤礽为太子,又两次把他废掉。此后康熙便不再提太子的人选,直到他临死之前,才下诏书,让四子胤祯继承皇位,这就是雍正皇帝。由于康熙朝的太子长期不定,而雍正即位又比较突然,所以民间就盛传雍正是偷改了康熙皇帝的遗诏而登上皇帝宝座的。据说,康熙写的是“传位十四子”,雍正勾结负责传召的故名大臣隆科多将“十”字上面加一横,下面加意钩,改称了了“于”字,成为“传位于四子”。事实果真如此吗?据清史专家考证,这种传说是靠不住的,因为清代这种传位诏书要用满汉两种文字书写。这样看来,雍正并不是靠篡改诏书登上皇位的。雍正皇帝即位后,吸取历史教训,决定将公开立太子的制度,该为秘密建储。秘密建储的做法是,皇帝在位时不公开确立太子,通过对皇子们的全面考查,选定皇位接班人,并秘密的将这个皇子的名字写在两份诏书上,一份由混各地随身带着,另一份装在一个小盒子里,密封好后,就放在这块“正大光明”匾背后。当皇帝病危时或去世后,由朝廷重臣和王公贵族,一起把这两份诏书取出来,对照无异后,即按照上面的名字公布下一任皇帝。这种方法确实减少了皇子之间的争斗。雍正皇帝设立了这种秘密建储制度后,他的儿子乾隆皇帝就是以这种方式登上皇位的。

交泰殿 是以做四方的亭式建筑。这座宫殿上的彩画图案和其他宫殿的是有区别的。所绘彩画是一对对飞翔凤凰,而其他宫殿基本上都是一对对游龙。在封建社会,龙是皇帝的象征,而凤凰是皇后的象征。皇后头上戴的是凤冠,穿的是凤头鞋,住的是凤楼。说到这儿您是不是已经想到了交泰殿的用途,原来这交泰殿是宫内专门为皇后准备的正殿。在皇宫中,皇后的地位也是非常尊贵的。每年的一些重要节日,如元旦,还有千秋节,也就是皇后的生日,皇后就会端坐在交泰殿内的宝座上,接受宫内嫔妃以及一些高级官员大夫人的朝拜。殿内正上方悬挂的那张匾写有“无为”二字。这两个字很是耐人寻味,无为是古代的一种政治思想,讲究清静无为、清心寡欲,其实就是不要有太多的作为,凡是要顺其自然。交泰殿虽然不大,里面的陈设却非常丰富。宝座两旁有一些蒙着布的方架子颇引人注目。当年这些架子上放置着象征皇权的大印,一共有25方,习惯上称为二十五宝,这些都是乾隆皇帝亲自选出来的。在殿的两侧,还有两件大型计时器,东边的叫“铜壶滴漏”,西边的叫“大自铭钟”。铜壶滴漏是中国古代传统的计时器,大自铭钟是吸收西方近代科学仿造的钟表。

坤宁宫 是后三宫的最后一宫。我们知道后三宫中最前面的是乾清宫,从名字上看,按照中国传统文化的解释,这“坤宁”二字同乾清宫的“乾清”二字是非常对应的,“乾”指天,象征着阳;“坤”指地,象征着阴。“清”“宁”都是表示安定、和谐的意思。您该猜到坤宁宫的作用了吧!乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫,那坤宁宫自然是皇后的寝宫了。在明朝,除了个别失宠的皇后外,其他皇后都住在这座宫殿内。清代,顺治和康熙时期,皇后依然住在坤宁宫里。到了雍正皇帝时,由于皇帝搬出乾清宫,皇后也就不再住坤宁宫了,于是对坤宁宫作了改建。从此,这座古老的宫殿在结构和功能上,都发生了有趣的变化。首先说,这座宫殿的正门不居中,而是偏向东边,这是东北地区满族的建筑特色,再者说,坤宁宫的窗户纸都糊在窗棂的外面,过去人们说东北三大怪,其中就有这“窗户纸糊在外”。在风沙大地区,这种把窗户纸糊在密集的窗棂外面的方法,既可以使窗户纸不易被风刮破,还可以使窗棂上不落灰尘。屋内的陈设,就更有特色了。大殿的西半部分较大,是萨满教举行祭神的场地。萨满教是满足的民族宗教,在东北地区非常流行,它是一个多神教,佛教中的释迦牟尼、观音菩萨,汉族民间祭拜的关云长,以及山里的虎、鹿、猪、熊,路边的石头、树林等都是萨满教的祭祀对象。坤宁宫东侧是皇帝皇后大婚的洞房。按照礼仪,帝、后新婚,要这这里住满三天。三天之后,皇帝搬到养心殿,而皇后在东西六宫中中选择一宫居住。洞房中的陈列室末代皇帝溥仪和他的“皇后”婉容大婚的原状。洞房的墙上涂着红漆,地上铺着红地毯,到处都是红色,在洞房的门口和东侧过道的木影壁上,各有一个大红底金色双喜字,寓意着“开门见喜”。靠窗户的大炕,是皇帝和皇后因交杯酒、唱交祝歌的地方。屋内靠西北墙的地方摆有皇帝和皇后的龙凤喜床。

坤宁门 是御花园的入口。到了这里,古柏老槐扑面而来,有一种神清气爽的感觉。御花园的面积并不大,它东西长130多米,南北宽90米,总面积不超过1XX平方米。但古代的工匠们就利用这一方小小得天地,安排了各类建筑20多座、古树160株,还有两座假山、两方水池及散布其间的大量奇花异石,使御花园显得格外典雅、幽静,幽赏起来,美不胜收。

御花园

钦安殿 走进天一门,在钦安殿的前面,您能看到两棵长的很奇特的柏树。这两棵树的根和主干彼此独立,但从树杈上就相依相偎,难分彼此了。人们称它为“连理树”、“连理枝”。古代人把这种连理枝又叫“合欢树”、“夫妻树”。其实它们不是天然形成的,在它们很小的时候,园艺工匠就将它们拧到了一起,最后长成了这个样子。您知道吗,钦安殿是整个故宫中最古老的建筑,它是从明代保存下来的,距现在已经有580多年的历史了。明清两朝都在这里供奉玄武大帝。玄武大帝也叫真武大帝,是水神。皇宫都是木结构的房子,非常怕火,过去由于没有避雷针,曾多次着火。特别是太和殿,因为最高大,更容易遭受雷击,自明初建成以来,曾经发生五次较大的火灾。所以封建帝王们特意在宫中专门找一个宫殿供奉水神,祈求保佑皇宫的安全。而且,这连理枝前的门叫天一门,门的名字也跟水有关系。《易经》上说“天一生水”,水是灭火的,于是起这个名字,用水镇火,图个吉利。我们都知道,浙江宁波有一座明代的藏书楼叫“天一阁”,也是取这个意思。当然,这些都是一种心理上的安慰罢了。

养性斋 是座凹字形的两层楼阁式建筑。它的外墙倚着御花园的墙壁,海棠树、太湖石环绕周围,环境很优雅,在这儿居住一定很舒服。谁在这儿住过呢?他就是末代皇帝溥仪的英文老师。这位英文老师是苏格兰人,中文名字叫庄士敦。他是一个中国通,中国话也讲的非常流利。在电影《末代皇帝》中,就有这位英文教师的镜头。溥仪在《我的前半生》中写道,自己念书厌烦的时候,庄士敦能循循善诱,“讲些山南海北、古今中外的掌故。”他称赞庄士敦是自己的又一个灵魂。因此,溥仪特意把这养性斋,赏赐给庄士敦当书房兼卧室。当然,溥仪学习英文就业在这里了。

堆秀山,它是用江苏太湖流域的“太湖石”人工堆砌成的。太湖石是在太湖里被湖水多次冲刷而形成的奇形怪状的石头。要细算起来,这堆秀山“太湖石”的历史比整个皇宫都古老,听我们讲讲吧。在北宋的都城开封,过去由一座山叫“艮岳”,就是用太湖石堆成的。可是建好后不久,北宋就被金朝灭亡了,艮岳山也毁了。等到明朝初年修建紫禁城时,就把这些石头运到这儿,堆成了我们眼前的堆秀山。所以这些太湖石有近10XX年的历史了。在山脚下,正中有一个门洞,在门洞的东西两侧各有一座人工喷泉。那时候故宫里没有自来水管道,这喷泉是怎么设计的呢?工匠们在半山腰两侧各设一口蓄水的大缸,通过水道,产生压力,使水从下面的龙嘴里喷出。而喷泉造型是用石头雕刻的一条蛟龙,盘踞在石座上面。喷泉整体造型和谐美观,使皇帝的游玩别有情趣。堆秀山山上有一座小亭子“御景亭”。那儿是御花园的最高点,每年农历八月十五中秋节、九九重阳节,皇帝会带着后妃们,在亭内登高赏月、饮酒作诗。

絳雪轩 为5间房的建筑。这个“絳”字是红色的意思。可我们都知道,雪是白的,那么,絳雪岂不成了红色的雪吗?其实,当年这里种着5棵海棠树。一阵微风吹来,白中透红的海棠花瓣纷纷飘落,地面上就像下了一层红色的雪,乾隆皇帝为此作诗“暇日高轩成小立,东风絳雪未酣霏”,来赞美当时的景色,所以取名叫絳雪轩。絳雪轩对面的花坛,竖着一块枯木。但您仔细想想,如果这是块木头,常年的风吹日晒雨淋,早就腐烂了。其实,这是一块木头的化石,叫木变石。这木变石是怎么形成的呢?据记载,东北的松木沉入松花江,经常年累月,变成石头,就是木变石了。一般的木变石都比较小,可是我们看这块石头,有一米多高,就十分难得了。这块石头是黑龙江的一个大将军,进献给乾隆皇帝的,乾隆得到石头后,非常高兴,诗兴大发,题诗一首,刻在石头上。

延晖阁 为二层阁楼。您可千万不要小看这阁楼,清朝的选秀女就是在这里进行的,每三年选一次,满、蒙、汉八旗官员的女儿凡是13岁到17岁的都要参选,只有到17岁仍未被选上的才可以自由婚嫁。选秀女的时候,候选的女孩子们先由太监从神武门领到这御花园北门外等候。选时一到,再将那些女孩子引到这延晖阁前站好,让坐在阁里的皇帝、皇太后挑选。被选中的秀女,或成为皇帝的嫔妃,或指配给皇子皇孙和皇家宗室的子弟。您知道吗?慈禧就是17岁时在这里被选入宫的。好,延晖阁讲到这里。我现在问您一个问题,您看过电视剧《还珠格格》吗?那里面的格格门住的地方叫什么来着?没错,淑芳斋!在延晖阁西北边有一个小屋檐,倚着红墙,那里面就是淑芳斋了。它位于西六宫最北处,目前还没有公开开放。我所以要讲一家,是为了消除一个误会,实际上这淑芳斋并不是拍《还珠格格》时的场景,也不是格格居住的地方,电视剧只是借用了这个名字。在清朝的时候,淑芳斋是皇帝和后妃们看戏的场所。紫禁城内共有5个戏台,淑芳斋里就有两个,梅兰芳、杨小楼等人都在这里演过戏。

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篇1:沈阳故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1307 字

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游客朋友们:

大家好!首先请允许我代表沈阳市全体市民对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎!今天我为大家介绍的就是沈阳的风景名胜之一的沈阳故宫

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座,由20多个院落组成,总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。中路:是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门,也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫,它们都排列在一条中轴线上,两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方,也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后,就从此门进入,受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙,祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方,因是天子的祖庙也称太庙。

崇政殿前,东西各有五间厢楼,东为飞龙阁,西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落,院正北有一座高约4米的高台,台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼,直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户,也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成,康熙二十年重修。楼为三层,是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间,周围有回廊,下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出,极为美妙。所以凤楼晓日、凤楼观塔是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的紫气东来金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。

清宁宫两侧是东西配宫,东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫;西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起,低于屋背的烟囱,人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中,我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点:一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低,清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前,满族是一个牧猎民族,受生活习惯的影响,把居住的地方建在高处,以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。

清宁宫高台之后是后苑,也叫御花园,内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑,是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。

在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有东所、西所。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处,也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处;西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的,它为卷棚式建筑,是在清乾隆年间增建的。

东路是以大政殿为主体,两侧辅以方亭十座,称十王亭。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期,是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基,周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有斧头眼式隔扇门,内外排柱40根,正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊,正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花,梁架上用和玺彩绘,上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方,1643年清世祖福临在此即位。

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篇2:北京故宫导游词700字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 561 字

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大家好,我是你们的导游。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首,又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫,是世界上现存最大,最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看,故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量,故宫有打大小院90多座,房屋980多座共8070间。

大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门,它高12米,可想而知,它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看,经过几百年的风吹雨打,它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶,当时,黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。

现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场,官员站的位置也很有讲究:文官站右,武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上,会看见精雕细琢的图案,它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走

现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾,龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳,是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧,那只黄龙居中,前爪作出环抱的样子,后足分撅海水,龙身弯曲,瞠目张颌,好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰,双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙,好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央,我也要!大家参观时不要摸,这样颜色会脱掉的,爱护文物,从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。

(玩了一会)

本次旅游到此结束,谢谢各位参观,再见!

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篇3:沈阳故宫导游词英文版

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 619 字

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各位朋友,在繁华的沈阳古城中心,有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。那里就是我们这天的目的地——沈阳故宫。下面由小编为您整理出的沈阳故宫导游三篇,一起来看看吧。

沈阳故宫导游词1

清代入关前,其皇宫设在沈阳,迁都北京后,这座皇宫被称作"陪都宫殿"、"留都宫殿",后来就称之为沈阳故宫。沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,宫内建筑物保存完好,是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一。它的规模比占地72万平方米的北京故宫要小得多,但是,它在建筑上有自己的特色,现在是沈阳最重要的游览点。

沈阳故宫为世界文化遗产保护单位,它是中国目前仅存的最完整的两大古代宫殿建筑群之一,是清代初期营建和使用的皇家宫苑,始建于1625年(明天启五年,后金天命十年)。沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米,有古建筑114座,500多间,至今保存完好,是一处包含着丰富历史文化的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆,藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。

1961年,国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日,在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》,它以独特的历史、地理条件和浓郁的满族特色而迥异于北京故宫。沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的大政殿、崇政殿,排如雁行的十王亭、万字炕口袋房的清宁宫,古朴典雅的文朔阁,以及凤凰楼等高台建筑、"宫高殿低"的建筑风格,在中国宫殿建筑史上绝无仅有。

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篇4:导游词内蒙的简介

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1453 字

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内蒙古鄂尔多斯境内,有一处远近闻名的旅游胜地,这就是“世界罕见,中国之最”的银肯响沙,俗称响沙湾。

它位于达拉特旗南部,库布其沙漠的东端,北距草原钢城包头市50公里,周边延绵的沙山层层叠叠,形成一幅壮观的沙海奇景。

人们常说“鄂尔多斯人能歌善舞”,甚至连沙子都会唱歌,是不是有点神奇了呢?那么现在就让我们进入莫测神奇的响沙,来领略一下它神秘面纱背后的风姿。

银肯响沙居中国各响沙之首,被称为“响沙之王”。

银肯是蒙语,汉语意思是“永久”,银肯响沙陡立于罕台河谷西岸,有清泉从坡底涌出。

响沙湾沙高110米,宽400米,依着滚滚沙丘,面临大川,背风向阳坡,地形呈月牙形分布,坡度为45度角倾斜,形成一个巨大的沙丘回音壁。

沙子干燥时,游客攀着软梯,或乘坐缆车登上“银肯”沙丘顶,往下滑溜,沙丘会发出轰隆声,轻则如青蛙“呱呱”的叫声,重则像汽车、飞机轰鸣,又如惊雷贯耳,更像一曲激昂澎湃的交响乐,这响沙声令人精神振奋,妙趣横生,于是一鼓作气从100多米高的沙山顶一直滑到沙山底下,人们不禁惊叹:这里的沙子竟会唱歌?!

当我们站在沙丘的高处放眼望去,茫茫大漠沙丘滚滚,如金波荡漾,十分壮观。

这就是内蒙古三大沙漠之一的库布其沙漠,总面积达16000平方公里,库布其是蒙古语,汉语为“弓弦”的意思,如果我们把库布沙漠比喻为一张弯弓,那么,我们脚下的银肯响沙(即响沙湾)就是这“弓上之弦”。

这道平地崛起的沙丘在阳光的沐浴下,起伏着优美的曲线,宛如侧卧的美女,在茫茫的沙漠中静静享用着大自然赐给的静谧,无数种传说溶进沙歌里——无论是“鸣沙”、“响沙”、“哨沙”抑或近代的“唱沙”、“乐沙”等,都在这传说的迷雾中延伸拓展。

银肯响沙的传说很多,但大都分传说都与藏传佛教寺庙有关。

传说之一是:有500名喇嘛正在召庙中奏乐祭典,忽然狂风骤起,漫天的飞沙走石将召庙埋没。

传说之二是:当年八仙之一的张果老骑驴驮着沙袋子不慎解口,一夜之间沙子埋没了这里的一座寺庙。

人们滑沙听到的鸣沙的响声,好像是喇嘛们在地下奏乐和诵经的声音,这个传说的普遍性代表了当地蒙古族聚集所产生的文化效应。

传说沙下埋着一座叫“银肯召”的召庙,真的有没有银肯召这座召庙呢?这是一个谜。

游客们可以通过在银肯响沙游览期间欣赏到蒙古族歌舞,静静地感受民族宗教、民族文化与自然景观之间的紧密联系。

那么,沙子为什么会响呢?至今对世人来说还是一个无法解开的谜,也正因为这个谜,赋予

了响沙湾神奇的魅力,迎来了许多国内外的游客。

传说固然美丽,但不能揭开响沙之谜,近年来,国内不少学者提出了“地形说”、“共鸣箱原理”、“静电学说”等,都试图科学的解释响沙的成因。

对于旅游者来说,猎奇和自然的亲近,以及观赏是必不可少的心境,对于沙漠,只要你用心去感受,就能发现蕴藏沙海深处的美,浩瀚无垠的响沙大漠,晴空万里,骄阳似火,纯净的沙子既没有顽石也没有杂尘,沙丘的形态各异。

您可以穿着沙袜徒步或乘着骆驼走进沙漠深处,祭敖包、观沙湖,体味辽阔大漠带给您的宁静与宽广;您也可以踏着沙撬、踩着滑板,或坐下来顺着沙山往下滑,一边聆听响沙的声音,一边享受返老还童的轻松与无忧;或是到沙山底下开卡丁车、骑骏马、坐羊拉车,当一回现代羊倌,别提多滑稽。

观沙漠日出,赏大漠晚霞,在沙漠中探险,燃起沙漠篝火,观赏沙雕,或在沙漠中打靶、射箭、跳伞,甚至尽情地在沙海中滚爬……这里成了人们返朴归真的乐园。

响沙大漠如梦如画,晨曦时波光粼粼,五彩纷呈,夕阳下大漠孤烟,美不胜收。

置身其中,远离城市的喧嚣,感受那一份让灵魂宁静的温馨。

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篇5:北京故宫导游词范文400字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 684 字

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来自世界各地的游客们,你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫,我是来自河北的袁导游,下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。

中国明清两代的皇宫,又称紫禁城,地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年,也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年,后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改,变成富丽堂皇,但仍保持着原来的布局和规模,是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

我们说完了北京故宫的历史,现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门,南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门,四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米,够宽的吧!长3800米,整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局,层次分明,主次有序。

听完了一以上那些,你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧,连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

文化殿,武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方,武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝,是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所,平均面积宽九间,为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群,占地面积有达8.5万平方米,是宫城的12%,后三宫则为前三殿的25%,期于宫殿依次递减,主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位,已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

怎么样,对我袁导游的介绍还满意吗?如果不满意,请多多指教,好让我步步高升啊!

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篇6:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 362 字

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各位游客大家好!

我是快旅游社的导游,我叫陈凯瑶,大家叫我小陈好了,当然也可以叫我陈导。

在接下来的几天中,我将陪伴大家一起游览北京的名胜风景区。

希望通过我的讲解,能够使您对北京故宫有个美好的印象,同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。

好,我们就开始今天的游览行程。

今天我们要参观的故宫,非常雄伟。

它占地72万平方米,其中建筑面积为16.5万平方米,南北长961米,东西宽753米,周围有10米高的城墙围绕。

还有穿52米的护城河,在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。

根据1973年的统计,故宫有大小院落90多座,房屋有980座,共计8704间。

按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫,其中明朝有14位,清朝有10位,统治时间共长达五个世纪。

好了,现在大家自己慢慢游玩!注意,大家在游览时不要乱丢瓜果皮。

祝大家玩得愉快。

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篇7:博格达峰简介_新疆导游词_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 872 字

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博格达峰简介

[博格达峰]位于昌吉州阜康市境内,与乌鲁木齐直线距约60km,西北与阜康市直线距约 49km,有柏油路面可通至天池,海拔5445m。博格达峰是东部天山第一高峰,海拔五千四百四十五米,耸立在阜康县南的群山之上。主峰和左右两峰肩连,三峰并起,形如峰架,巍峨壮观。峰区15km范围内海拔超过5000m的山峰有7座,呈近东西向排列,延伸约9km,其中三座相距甚近,仅2.5km,连为一体,主峰居东,即博格达峰。4800m至峰顶,岩石大部分裸露,主要由海西中期侵入的辉长岩组成,由于冰蚀作用,角峰和刃脊十分发育。 3800~4800m,岩石出露面积较小,大部分为冰雪覆盖,此段发育冰川10余条。3800m以上,峰西平均坡度49。,北坡约40。,东坡和南坡较平缓,约30。多。冰川末端高度约在3400米左右。1600~2800m的中山带分布森林和草甸植被,景色秀丽,著名的天池即处于云杉林带之中。

峰顶冰川积雪,终年不化,银光闪烁,与山谷中的天池绿水相映成趣,构成了此地高山平湖的优美景色。博格达峰上狂风怒号,气候恶劣,温度常在冰点以下,似乎很难相信那里会有生物。那里纵有少量的水也都冻成了冰。可是,在冰雪覆盖的沙石上,雪莲以及其他无名花卉却养成了惊人的适应能力,居然能在这样恶劣的环境中生,可以说是奇迹。博格达峰下起伏的群山,资源丰富。雪线以上生长着雪豹和雪鸡。松林里出没着狍子,遍地长着蘑菇,还有党参、黄芪和贝母等药材。群山之下埋茂着铜、铁和云母等多种矿物。古代许多骚人韵士曾经赋诗赞美博格达峰。此峰位于昌吉回族自治州境内,所以被视为本州的锡徵。[博格达山]最早隆起于晚二迭世,在中生代和早第三纪遭受剥蚀夷平,在喜马拉雅运动中再次隆升为雄伟的山峰。峰区基本保持原始自然景观。该峰已对外开放,成为新疆对外开放的15座山峰之一。登顶路线主要有两条,一条从天池到小冬沟口,再沿大冬沟至三个岔达坂,从此可登顶;另一条从四工河沿沟而上,至力行达坂(3700m),再登顶。峰区主要开展登山、科考、探险等活动,也有些游客喜欢穿越达坂,做翻越天山的考察活动。

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篇8:故宫英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3261 字

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(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore, the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass。 Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

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篇9:白水洋导游词简介

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 805 字

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被誉为“奇特景观”“天下绝景,宇宙之谜”的白水洋景区是目前世界唯一的“浅水广场”,其平坦的河床长约2公里,最宽处182米,总面积达8万平方米,一石而就,河床布水均匀,净无沙砾,人行其上,水仅没踝,阳光下波光潋滟,一片白炽,因而得名白水洋。在中下洋之间有一条近百米长的天然滑道,赤身下滑不伤肌肤,被称为“天然冲浪游泳池”。阳光、白水、水蚀波痕,形成了色彩斑斓的河床。人们或踏水、或冲浪、或开展赛跑、拔河、武术、骑车、舞狮等别具一格的水上运动,尽享大自然赐予的清凉。

被誉为“爱侣圣地”、“鸳鸯故乡”、“猕猴乐园、人间仙境”的鸳鸯溪(宜洋)景区,在白水洋的下游,因每年有数千对的鸳鸯从北方到此过冬,故称鸳鸯溪。景区森林茂密,峡谷纵向深度500多米,横向跨度最窄处仅一米,融秀溪、峡峰、怪岩、奇洞、雄瀑、诡云、朦雾、古道、险栈、珍禽异兽于一体,构成一幅立体式的百里画廊。同时,也是我国瀑布最多的景区,其中百丈漈水濂洞、小壶口瀑布、鼎潭仙宴谷为国家特级景点,是人们登山、探幽、休闲、旅游的胜境。

白水洋是一个宽阔的平底基岩河床,它的形成受岩石特性,地质构造和水动力等制约。白水洋河床的岩石是距今900万年前火山活动形成的,岩石具有完整性好﹑结构均一致密的特点。大约距今530万年前,随着地壳的抬升,河谷下切,覆在上面的地层被侵蚀,岩体露出地表,由于风化作用和流水侵蚀,逐渐形成以正长斑岩为基岩的平底河床。距今约260万年前以来因为地壳活动相对平稳,白水洋一带处于相对稳定状态,地表极缓慢上升,地壳抬升的速度和流水下切速度几乎相当。经流水长期冲蚀,白水洋逐渐形成光滑如镜,宽阔平展的平底基岩河床。

屏南白水洋自驾车路线: (福州---福建屏南)福州-连江-宁德漳湾” 出口下高速后往右直行一段路会看到白水洋风景区指示牌,再往右走是一段10来公里左右的公路,接着一直往屏南方向开,这是一条比较好开的宁屏二级路,车不多路况还不错。

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篇10:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 520 字

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大家好,我是北京旅行社的导游,名叫成思瑶,欢迎来自济南的朋友来到北京参观故宫,我会陪同大家一起游览故宫,大家在参观的过程中有疑问的地方可以问我。

故宫建于公元1406年,南北长961米,东西宽763米,面积约723600平方米,大小院子有90多座,房屋有980多座,共计7078间。故宫的前半部分建筑形象是严肃、庄严、壮丽、雄伟的,以象征皇上的至高无上。后半部分叫内廷,则富有生活气息,建筑多事自成院落,有花园、书斋、馆榭、山石等。

现在我们马上就到乾清宫了。乾清宫是内廷的正殿,高20米,殿的正中央有宝座,内有“正大光明”匾,两头有暖阁。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿,但仍在此处批阅奏折、选派官吏和召见下臣。请大家注意,在解散之后,不要随便触摸这些古老的文物,以防破损。

下面我们要去御花园,请大家排好队。

御花园里有高耸的松柏,珍贵的花木、山石和亭阁。御花园原名叫宫后苑,占地11000多平方米,有建筑20余处。以钦安殿为中心,园林建筑采用主次相辅、左右对称的格局,布局紧凑,古典富丽,可以说是保存的古亭中最为华丽的花园了。注意事项:如果大家有垃圾,请及时扔到垃圾箱里,不要丢在故宫里。

谢谢大家今天的参观,再见!

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篇11:介绍故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1212 字

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大家好!我叫朱芮娴,是你们的导游,今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院,你们可以叫我朱导。

现在我先为大家作个简单介绍一下,故宫是世界上现存规模最大的古代皇家宫殿建筑群,故宫又叫紫禁城。紫是天上君王居住宫殿的颜色,那么人间的帝王当然要与紫字沾边。禁是指当时那里守卫森严,不要说是普通老百姓,即使是高官大员没有皇帝的召见也不能私自入城,否则就会引来杀身之祸,是皇家禁地,所以又称紫禁城,整座城池建成于公元1420xx年,位于天安门广场北侧。 整个院落分为二大部分,即前朝和后寝。前朝是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方,以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。后寝是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方,主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。除此之外,故宫内还有很多其它各式各样、用途不一的大小宫殿。据说当年紫禁城共有宫殿九千九百九十九间半,够多吧! 1920xx年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命推翻了中国长达两千多年的封建社会。1920xx年清帝退位。1920xx年10月10日故宫博物院首次对外开放。1949年新中国成立后先后多次对故宫进行修缮,使它更加壮丽辉煌。1987年北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家请看,故宫四周有的紫工色的宫墙,它高约10米,长约3.5公里。高墙四面都建有高大的城门,南为午门即故宫正门。北为神武门,城墙四隅各矗立着一座风格独特、造型绮丽的角楼。宫墙外围着一条宽为52米的护城河,使故宫成为一座壁垒森严的城堡。

接下来,大家随我一起去看看最富丽堂皇的建筑,被告称为金銮殿的太和殿。这是皇帝举行大典的地方,大家往里看,大殿高28米,东西宽63米,南北长35米,这里有直径达1米的大柱92根,围绕御座的6根大柱叫蟠龙柱,是用沥粉金漆做成的。在我们正前方就是皇帝的专座御座,设在殿内高2米的台上,前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎,宝座是镀金的,扶手是镀银的,4个香炉是用香木做的,可谓是富丽堂皇。后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌,庄严绚丽。

参观完了太和殿,大家再随我往后走,一起去看看中和殿和保和殿。这三个殿构造大相径庭,中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是皇帝宴请外蕃王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。保和殿最让人惊叹的是殿后有一块石雕。石雕长16.57米,宽3.07米,厚1.7米,有200多吨重。上面雕着波涛汹涌的大海,腾云驾雾的飞龙。听到这儿,大家不禁想说故宫真不愧为中国宝贵的文化遗产呀!

在故宫博物院里收藏着大量珍贵文物,据统计总共达1052653件之多,占全国文物总数的1/6,其中有很多件是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等,爱好艺术的人可以去自由观赏一下,以加深了解故宫。

好了,我的讲解到此结束,请大家自由参观,记得要注意卫生,除了照片,你什么也别带走;除了身影,你什么也别留下。11时在这保和殿门前集合,可别耽误哟!

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篇12:故宫英文导游词_导游词范文_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 31147 字

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故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

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篇13:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 409 字

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亲爱的游客朋友们,大家好。欢迎你们来故宫游玩。我叫李依璋,大家可以叫我李导或小李。今天由我带领大家一起探索世界遗产——故宫。

我们先来了解一下故宫吧!故宫位于北京中心,旧称紫禁城。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。

现在我们在故宫内庭最前面的是乾清宫。乾清宫是内庭正殿,高20米。殿的正中央是宝座,内有“正大光明”匾。乾清宫是封建皇帝的寝宫,清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿,但仍在此批阅奏报,选派官史和召见臣下。

现在我们来到了坤宁宫,在故宫中间的是坤宁宫,雍正后,西暖阁为萨满的祭祀地。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚洞房,康熙同治、光绪二帝,均在此举行婚礼。还有许多殿比如:东六宫、交泰殿、西六宫……

好啦,我的介绍就先到这里,请大家慢欣赏游玩。还有大家记住哦!在浏览时不乱扔垃圾,不触摸物品,不踩踏一草一木,这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。祝大家玩得开心,玩得尽兴。

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篇14:导游词的北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 571 字

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各位游客:

大家好。我是这次旅游的导游李。我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫旅游。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙,而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门,南为午门也就是故宫正门,北为神武门,东为东华门,西为西华门,这宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间,进深5间,外有廊柱,殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米,殿内净空高达14米,宽63米,面积2377平方米,为全国最大的木构大殿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿,是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处,由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过《还珠格格》这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整,气魄宏伟,极为壮观,这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局,立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐,都属无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统,显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观,可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

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篇15:沈阳故宫优质导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 668 字

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今天下午,阳光明媚,刘老师带我们全班去故宫游览。

我们是从大清门走进故宫的。与其说这是门,不如说它是一个建筑。因为它可不是一扇简单的门,有梁柱,有飞檐,有彩绘,中间还很宽敞。老师说这是过去文武群臣早朝等候拜见皇上的地方。 站在大清门前抬头向上看,看到一块蓝底金字的匾。右边写着三个大字:大清门,左边奇形怪状的是什么呀?我有点儿疑惑。于是我问了老师,老师告诉我们,那中间一根棍儿,两边都是刺儿的是满文。那几个字就是满文大清门三个字。我这才恍然大悟。

跟着刘老师我们继续向前走,正前方是一座高大雄伟的建筑,老师说那是皇太极办公的地方崇政殿,也就是通常所说的金銮殿。我们走近一看在一块长方形的匾上写着“正大光明”四个字,扁下面的柱子上一共有八条龙,它们以不同的姿态盘曲着,老师说再加上龙椅上坐着的皇上,一共是九条龙,是取吉祥如意之意。我们都笑着说这很有趣!

离开了崇政殿,我们又向东路走去。 一个八角亭式建筑就像蒙古包一样矗立在蓝天下。 老师告诉我们八角象征着八面威风。之所以建成像蒙古包一样的形状是因为清朝是满族人建立的。满族是游牧民族,即使定都沈阳也非常怀念他们的家乡,所以把宫殿也建成了蒙古包形状。在这个宫殿的两侧还有十座亭子,老师说他们是十王亭。并且告诉我们这是中国唯一的君臣一起办公的建筑群。听了老师的介绍,我们一个亭子一个亭子仔细地观察,了解了很多有关清朝和满族的文化和知识。

后来我们又游览了后宫、御花园 、大戏台、藏书阁等地方, 直到傍晚才和同学们一起恋恋不舍的回到学校。

这次游故宫我们不仅增长了知识,还为自己是沈阳人而感到无比自豪。

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篇16:故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 279 字

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大家好,我是今天你们大家这次旅游的导游。我姓曾,大家可以叫我曾导。

现在你们面前的是“外朝”的大门——太和门。故宫分“外朝”和“内廷”两大部分。穿过这扇门,就可以看到故宫三大殿中的.最大的一个——太和殿。绕过太和殿,就可以看到中和殿和保和殿。这些就是故宫的三大殿。

看完三大殿,你前面的就是“内廷”的大门——乾清门。这扇门是“外朝”和“内廷”的交点,乾清门以南为“外朝”,以北为“内廷”。穿过这扇门,就可以看到乾清宫。乾清宫后面有交泰殿和坤宁宫。这三座宫殿就是“内廷”中的主要部分。“内廷”的东西翼还有东六宫和西六宫,是宫妃们住的地方。

好了,现在请大家自由参观。

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篇17:辽宁沈阳故宫导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 574 字

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我的家在中国辽宁。辽宁省内,有万千学子去慕名祭拜的魁星楼;有教育人民勿忘国耻的九一八纪念馆;有美丽的千山。但最有名的还是沈阳故宫

沈阳故宫位于辽宁省沈阳市中心,是中国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一,又称盛京皇宫,为清朝初期的皇宫。沈阳故宫始建于努尔哈赤时期的1625年,建成于皇太极时期的1636年。清朝迁都北京后,经康熙、乾隆时期的改建、增建,形成了今日有宫殿亭台楼阁斋堂等建筑100余座、500余间,占地面积达6万平方米的格局面貌在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆,藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。20__年,沈阳故宫博物院已晋升“国家一级博物馆”。

沈阳故宫自1625年,经过了无数次的改建和完善才有了今天让世人称赞不已的名胜古迹。它是中国北方建筑的代表,数年间,它经历了无数风雨的洗礼,才有了今天的荣耀。

沈阳故宫不仅是建筑的代表,也是中国古代人民智慧的体现。在那么遥远的时代,人民们能用自己的双手筑起这样雄壮美丽的宫殿,是多么伟大呀!而现在的人民,却不好好工作;现在的学生,却不学无术。我们对得起祖先留给我们的辉煌文化,对得起万千烈士用鲜血和生命换来的和平吗?对不起。中国历经五千多年的悠久历史文化,真的要在我们手中终结吗?不!让我们去努力,把中国的文化传承下去!

名胜古迹是中国历史的见证,我们一定要把中国的文化传承下去!

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篇18:苏州周庄导游词简介

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1239 字

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大家好,很高兴能和各位一起共度行程,我是各位今天的导游,我姓董,大家可以叫我小董、大董或者董导,不过记住是导游的导不是捣蛋的捣啊,我身边的师傅姓x,他可是有着二十多年安全驾龄的师傅,大家坐他的车可以说是安全无忧,不过我们x师傅有一个缺点,大家知道是什么吗?(故作轻声地)他有两个老婆,一个名门正娶的,还有一个嘛就是他的小老婆---爱车,所以我先告诉大家一下,大家可要帮帮忙,在车上不要吸烟、吃的带皮的食品请扔在垃圾袋内,免得x师傅心疼他的小老婆。

昨天天气预报报道今天的温度是零5度到零下2度,但是我好象感觉很暖和,奇怪!让我找找原因,噢,我知道了,是你们灿烂的笑容将冷空气赶走了,谢谢谢谢。

今天我们到达周庄的时间大概是中午11点,我们将先在饭店用餐,12点我们就要开始今天的重头戏——周庄游,我们需要大约三个小时在周庄进行游览,另外我会安排一个小时给大家做自由活动,四点的时候我们准时在停车场集合,大家配合一下啊。

现在我将周庄的由来及重要景点向大家单间介绍一下,这样我们在游览的时间才能抓住重点。周庄是一个有着九百多年历史的江南水乡古镇,它以悠远的传统,淳朴的民风,古老的建筑,清澄的河水和充满传奇色彩的人物,成为一片极有诱惑力的旅游胜地。著名古建筑专家罗哲文说;"周庄不仅是江苏省的一个宝,而且是国家的一个宝。"中国台湾经纬杂志盛赞周庄是"中国第一水乡"。还有不少人在游览了周庄之后,这样说道:"上有天堂,下有苏杭,中间还有一个周庄。"大家为周庄保存着如此众多的明清建筑而赞叹,为"小桥、流水、人家"的精美格局而眩惑,为处处可画、时时有诗的风情而陶醉,觉得周庄是无法重造的美丽水乡。周庄是以小桥流水而著称的古镇,它今天能保持原貌,还得有赖于水,为什么?上世纪七八十年代,当江南农村经济迅速发展的时候,周庄由于水的阻隔发展迟缓,小镇的原貌才保存了下来。周庄最早的时候叫贞丰里,在九百年前在该地有一位姓周的迪郎将二百亩捐出建成全福寺,当地人为了纪念他,将贞丰里改称为周庄。当然,周庄的兴盛得兴于江南富豪沈万山,沈万山利用周庄的河道与外商做

外贸,才使周庄的经济迅速发展了起来。

周庄的主要景点有江南富豪沈万山的住宅沈厅,有"船从家中过"张厅,有文人赋诗作乐的迷楼,有周迪郎捐地而造的全福寺等,我上面说的几个地方是周庄最具代表性的地方,有因陈逸飞一画出名的双桥及最具江南建筑风格的桥楼---富安桥等,大家到了后一定要好好欣赏。

说了景,我们得说说吃了,在周庄,大家可一定要尝尝周庄特产万三蹄,另外,周庄的阿婆茶也很有特色,我简单说一下吧,阿婆茶是镇上阿婆阿嫂们在各家轮流吃茶的一种社交方式。周庄人都称为吃阿婆茶而不是喝阿婆茶,那可真是吃出来的。因为比茶更讲究、更丰富的是钦茶时聊天时的小吃,其中是有特色的是腌菜心,咸咸的、酸酸的,是早春油菜心装在密封的瓶中腌制而成的。因为很有特色,居然成了周庄的主要旅游土特产商品。好,在车上我先给大家讲到这里,先别流口水,到了周庄你们想怎么吃就怎么吃。

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篇19:关于故宫的导游词300字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 455 字

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大家好!我是星星导游社的导游王景瑶,也可以叫我小王。我们今天游览地方是故宫,希望可以和大家度过美好的一天。

故宫又称紫禁城,是明清两代的皇宫,堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫,就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。

故宫始建于1406年,1420年竣工。这片堪称世界最宏伟的宫殿建筑群,南北长961米,东西宽753米,建筑面积有15.5万平方米,内有大小院落九十多座,房屋980间。都是用上等木材、琉璃瓦顶、青白的石座与各种金碧辉煌的彩画交相辉映,尽显出故宫的富贵荣华。故宫很大,它的庞大往往超出了人们的想象范畴。东华门,午门、西华门、神武门分守故宫东南西北4个方向。故宫内部可分为“外朝“与“内廷“两部分。外朝以太宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心,是皇帝与后妃的住所。后人不远千里迢迢来到这座红色城池前瞻仰、游览、触摸、感怀……

好了,今天我的导游就到这里结束了,下面请大家自己观赏这美丽的风景吧!但是大家一定要记住,请大家不要乱扔果皮,谢谢配合。445分钟后,请大家来这里集合,愿你们开心快乐。

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篇20:故宫的导游词500字以上

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 838 字

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亲爱的游客朋友:

今天,由我带领大家来游览故宫

故宫位于北京市中心,是明、清两代的皇宫,又称紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年至十八年,也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年。北京故宫为世界五大宫殿之首,其它四殿分别是法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫和美国白宫。 故宫南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积约为725,000平方米。建筑面积15。5万平方米。故宫够大吧!

相传故宫有9999。5间房,有人做过形象比喻:如果有人从刚出生就开始住,要住到27岁才可以住完。实际据1973专家现场测量故宫的房间有8704间。

故宫有四个门,正门名为午门。午门有五个洞。其平面为凹形,宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼,角楼高27。5米,十字屋脊,三重檐迭出,四面亮山,多角交错,是结构奇丽的建筑。

后门“神武门”,明朝时为“玄武门”,玄武为古代四神兽之一,从方位上讲,左青龙,右白虎,前朱雀,后玄武,玄武主北方,所以帝王宫殿的北宫门多取名“玄武”。清康熙年间因避讳改称“神武门”。神武门也是一座城门楼形式,用的最高等级的重檐庑殿式屋顶,但它的大殿只有五开间加围廊,没有左右向前伸展的两翼,所以在形制上要比午门低一个等级。神武门是宫内日常出入的门禁。现神武门为故宫博物院正门。

东华门与西华门遥相对应,门外设有下马碑石,门内金水河南北流向,上架石桥1座,桥北为三座门。东华门与西华门形制相同,平面矩形,红色城台,白玉须弥座,当中辟3座券门,券洞外方内圆。城台上建有城楼,黄琉璃瓦重檐庑殿顶,城楼面阔5间,进深3间,四周出廊。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群,占地面积有达8。5万平方米,是宫城的12%,后三供则为前三殿的25%,期于宫殿依次递减,主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

好了,大家可以自由活动了,游玩时注意安全,注意保持景点卫生,祝大家玩得愉快。

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