博物馆导游英语合集20篇

Tianyige museum is located on the West Bank of Moon Lake in Ningbo City,where Tianyige, the oldest existing private library in China, is located. It isa library built by Fan Qin, a retired official in the Jiajing period of the MingDynasty (1561-1566). There are ancient books and bookcases in the building,which are filled with a thick aroma of books.

In fact, the museum is a garden in the south of the Yangtze River. The EastGarden and the South Garden in the park are well arranged with rockeries, ponds,pavilions and other scenery. Walking in the simple brick and wood corridor, youcan feel the quiet environment. There is a forest of Steles in Mingzhou in thepark, and hundreds of Steles record the ancient official education history.There is also the painting and calligraphy Museum, which often displays the finepaintings and calligraphy works of the past dynasties and celebrities collectedby Tianyi Pavilion.

In the park, there are also the library "Dongming thatched cottage" beforethe completion of Tianyi Pavilion, the "Qins ancestral hall" displaying thearchitectural features of Ningbo folk houses, and the former residence of fan.In the mahjong exhibition hall, you can see all kinds of mahjong cards, let youunderstand the origin and development of mahjong culture.

The Bund city sculpture group is located in the green corridor on the Bundof East Jinling Road in Shanghai. According to Chinese Taiwans guide, the beauty of thecity should have three components: architecture, sculpture and greening. Urbansculpture, also known as "urban eyes", is an important part of beautifying thecity. The Bund city sculpture group consists of three stainless steelsculptures: "light of the Pujiang River", "sail" and "wind". It is located inthe green corridor on the Bund of Jinling East Road, shining in the sun. "Thelight of the Pujiang River" has a novel shape. It is composed of vertical waterwaves and water drops, such as jumping notes on the staff. With a relaxed andcheerful melody, it sings the music of Huangpu River, the mother river ofShanghai. "Sail" shows that there are many sail walls on the Huangpu River, andthe fleet is sailing to the whole country; the connection between sails andsails, and the multi curve floating, increase the three-dimensional dynamic."Wind" is characterized by sharp and obtuse angles, arcs and broken lines, andfold fluctuation. The east wind blows vigorously and has a myriad ofappearances.

Hello, everyone. Let me introduce our Tianzhu Mountain.

1. Now the avenue under your feet is called Tianzhu Avenue, which is themain road at the foot of Tianzhu Mountain. However, the gate tower acrossTianzhu Avenue is the landmark gate of Tianzhu Mountain. On the gate tower,there are six words "ancient South Mountain Tianzhu Mountain". Have you heard ofMr. Zhao Puchu? The tourists answer is very good. Mr. Zhao Puchu was thepresident of Chinas Buddhist Association before he died It is also the lastpiece of calligraphy of Mr. Zhao Puchu.

2. OK, tourists, now we come to the SANZU Temple scenic area. Now we areready to get off the bus. Please take your belongings and dont leave valuableson the bus. After a while, Master Li will close the doors and windows for us.Please remember the license plate number, color and parking place of ourbus.

3. Now we have arrived at the square in front of the SANZU temple. TheSANZU temple, also known as Qianyuan temple, was built when Emperor Liangwu ofthe Southern Dynasty. Later, can, a monk of the Sui Dynasty, lived in seclusionhere after Huike of the second ancestor, built a temple and carried forwardBuddhism. Therefore, later generations call it SANZU. The name of SANZU templecomes from this. SANZU temple has a history of more than 1400 years. Theexisting ancient buildings include jueji tower, sutra collection tower, LihuaPavilion, Sangao Pavilion, etc. it was rated as a national key temple in 1983.Please follow me to visit this ancient and long-standing temple. Please abide bythe temple regulations on the warning signs, respect others and be happy.

4. After visiting the SANZU temple, now we come to the cliff stone carvingsin the ancient cave of Shiniu. With its large number, high density, high gradeand long time, it ranks first among all the scenic spots and is listed as a keycultural relic protection unit by the State Council. There are more than 300stone carvings from Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties as well as theRepublic of China on this stone wall. The most precious ones are the authenticworks of Wang Anshi, one of the eight famous calligraphers in Tang and SongDynasties, and Huang Tingjian, one of the four famous calligraphers in SongDynasty, which I refer to on my right hand. Wang Anshi was granted the title ofking of Jing, who is respected by others, However, in our Tianzhu Mountain, wehave the honor to retain one, so that we can have a glimpse of its calligraphystyle. You can take photos if you are interested. Twenty minutes later, we willgather at the gate and go to Tianzhu east gate.

5. After getting off the cableway, we came to the elephant trunk stonescenic spot. The elephant trunk stone scenic spot is located in the main peakarea of Tianzhu Mountain. Lets see if the protruding stone pillar looks like anelephants nose, and the plane is the elephants big ears, and the concave partis the elephants eyes. Seeing this, we cant help sighing at the uncannyworkmanship of nature.

6. Elephant trunk stone is a natural landscape. Now we come to Zongguanvillage, a cultural landscape. Zongguan village was built by Liu Yuan, arighteous man of Qianshan Mountain, in order to fight against the Yuan Dynasty.There are five gates in Tianzhu Mountain, East, West, North and south. Now weare visiting Liu Yuans headquarters. We can imagine its majestic and dangerous.Is there a tense atmosphere when we are close to Zongguan village, The strangestone statues on the cliff are not like soldiers who are ready to go. Are thereany sentries behind the piles of boulders to watch the enemy? Lets take a lookat these pine trees again. Each one is rooted in the crevice of the stone. Itsshape is very strange and its vitality is very strong. Please look at it from adistance and dont play with it. The only way to enter the village is the stonestep with a slope of 60 to 80 degrees, commonly known as "ladder pass". When yougo up, dont be afraid. Hold the railing and dont look down. The scenery abovewill make us marvel, and the scenery behind will catch up.

7. Now we have arrived at the ancient fort, which witnessed the war at thattime. From the ancient fort, we can have a panoramic view. In front of us areLiu Yuans thatched shed, piics, and general village. Lets take a look at theBaizhang cliff and Qianbu ladder we just passed. Dont you believe that we cameup from here? I finally understand that Liu Yuan will choose to be the chiefstronghold here. Its really that one man will be the main stronghold and tenthousand people will not be allowed to open.

8. You look in the direction of my hand, here is Feilai peak. Feilai peakis 1424 meters above sea level, which is the third peak of Tianzhu Mountain. Thewhole peak is made up of a huge stone. When you look at the huge stone abovethis peak, we cant help but wonder where this stone came from and who put itup. Every visitor here will have the same question, even more than one burdenWorry: in case of strong wind that day, what can we do? It is said that TianzhuMountain was a vast west sea 2.6 billion years ago. There were many snake demonsand turtle spirits in the West Sea. They committed all kinds of evils. Later,Taishang Laojun borrowed a Zhenyao stone from Dragon King of Donghai to press onFeilai peak. Zhenyao stone is what we see now.

9. Lets see if the Tianzhu pine here is a bit similar to the Yingke pinein Huangshan. Dont look at it. Its only 5 meters high and 80 centimetersthick. According to the survey, it has a history of more than 1500 years. Hegrew up completely on the cliff, standing against the wind and standing tallwith the stone. The branches spread out, perhaps waving to us to welcome us.

10. Now we have reached Tianzhu peak, which is 1488 meters above sea level.It is like the pillar of the whole sky. Zhu Xi, the Deputy scholar of the SongDynasty, also lamented the magnificence of Tianzhu Mountain and wrote the poemof Tianzhu peak. Now I will recite this poem for you. Please give meencouragement. Tianzhu peak, Zhu Xi, stands erect as a pillar in the sky and ismajestic in hanweidong. If we only talk about heaven and earth, who knows how tomake great achievements. I dont know how to recite well. From Zhu Xis poems,we can also appreciate the magnificence of Tianzhu peak. OK, tourists, we arefree for 20 minutes, and we will gather here after 20 minutes. Then we will godown the mountain and go back to the hotel to have a rest.

11. This is the end of our trip to Tianzhu Mountain today. Thank you foryour support and cooperation in my work. Finally, I wish you a lot of money anda happy family.

租界俨然是一个主权区，西方列强以他们的方式经营、管理。建设租界，外滩就成了租界最早建设和最繁华之地。早期的外滩是一个对外贸易的中心，这里洋行林立，贸易繁荣。从19世纪后期开始，许多外资和华资银行在外滩建立，这里成了上海的“金融街”，又有“东方华尔街”之称。

于是，外滩成了一块“风水宝地”。在外滩拥有一块土地，不仅是财富的象征，更是名誉的象征。商行、金融企业在外滩占有一席之地后，即大兴土木，营建公司大楼。外滩的建筑大多经过三次或三次以上的重建，各国建筑师在这里大显身手，使面积不算大的外滩集中了二十余幢不同时期、不同国家、不同风格的建筑，故外滩又有“万国建筑博览”之称。

百余年来，外滩一直作为上海的象征出现在世人面前。它是上海人心目中的骄傲，它向世人充分展示了上海的文化，以及将外来文明与本土文明有机揉合、创新、发展的卓越能力。

第一阶段为形成期，时间从1843年上海开埠至1885年。外滩开埠之初，楼宇多为2至3层的外廊式建筑。最早的建筑是1849年落成的原英国领事馆。

第二阶段为发展期，时间从1886年至1915年。20世纪初被称为“远东华尔街”，外滩作为远东金融中心的地位得到进一步巩固。

第三阶段为成熟期，时间从1916年至1937年。30年代外滩“万国建筑博览”终成现在的规模。

新中国建立后，外滩在20世纪90年代和20__年上海世博会前夕经历了两次大规模改造。20世纪90年代的外滩改造是着重解决交通功能和防汛安全问题。世博会前夕改造目地是提升外滩滨水区域的环境品质，更加凸显了“万国建筑”的历史文化岁月与特色，充分演绎了”城市让生活更美好”的世博主题，成为高品质街区和上海最具标志性、最经典的城市景观区域。

游客朋友们，大家好!欢迎大家来到我们莲花佛国――九华山旅游!下面呢我先向大家介绍一下我们九华山的大概。我们九华山位于安徽省池州市，是我们安徽省”两山一湖”黄金旅游区的主要景区。这里景色秀丽，古刹林立，与四川的峨眉山，山西的五台山，浙江的普陀山并称为我国的四大佛教名山。

我们的九华山呢其实原来并不叫九华山。在唐朝的时候叫九子山，因为九华山山峰秀丽，高出云层的山峰有九座，因此叫做九子山。天宝年间，诗仙李白曾两次到过此地，先后写下”妙有分二气，灵山开九华”，天河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉”等千古佳句，九华山之名因此而得并且一直用到了今天。

九华山宗教活动历史悠久，道教最先在九华山发展，佛教更加兴盛。在唐朝开元年间，新罗国王子金乔觉航海东来，遍访名山，最后选在了我们的九华山修行。夜间露宿在山上的山洞里。渴了就喝山上的山泉水，饿了就吃山上的野生植物，黄精。最后在他99岁的时候圆寂。佛教界认为他生前苦行，圆寂后与佛经里所记载的地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，因他在未出家的时候姓金，所以大家都称为金地藏。九华山也就自此被辟为地藏菩萨的道场。唐代后，九华山佛教声明渐著，经过历朝历代的修葺，到清代全山寺院已经有150多座了。祗圆寺，东崖寺，百岁宫，甘露寺四大丛林，香火之盛甲天下。改革开放以后，古老的佛山旧貌重辉。现有寺院90多座，僧侣600多人。是一个特色鲜明和有重要影响的佛教圣地。

下面我们进入的是九华街景区，首先就看到一座石门坊是大理石雕刻而成，高9米，是仿清的徽派建筑。横额上镌刻着康熙皇帝御书的“九华圣境”四个大字。中门两柱南北下方雕有石狮。门坊端庄典雅。过了门坊呢下面大家看到的就是迎仙桥了，这座桥是修建于乾隆年间，是一座单孔石拱桥，在这里呢大家随我一起踏上这座古桥我们一起步入仙境之中!

朋友们看，过了桥正面就是祗园寺的大殿。祗园寺是国家重点寺院，规模是九华山四大丛林里最大的了。也是唯一的一座丛林寺院，由山门，天王殿，大雄宝殿，客堂，讲堂和藏经楼等十余座单体建筑组成，是典型的组合式建筑。它的山门偏离了大殿中轴线，大家知道这是为什么吗?因为啊歪置山门是颇有讲究的，一来呢是为了辟邪，二来是门向朝着开山祖寺化城寺。大雄宝殿琉璃碧瓦，飞檐翘角，地位十分突出。好了，现在我们游览下一个景点。

Qufus Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest,collectively referred to as "three Confucius", is a symbol of Chinas history ofcommemorating Confucius and advocating Confucianism. It is famous for its richcultural heritage, long history, grand scale, rich cultural relics collectionand scientific and artistic value. In addition, in the history of literature,there is also the theory of "three Confucius".

In the southwest of Shandong Province, there is a county-level city with apopulation of 1 / 5 surnamed Kong. It is Qufu, which has a long history of morethan 5000 years. The reason why Qufu is famous all over the world is closelyrelated to the name of Confucius. Confucius is one of the greatest philosophersin the world and the founder of Chinese Confucianism. In the long history ofmore than 20__ years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodoxculture of China, and has influenced the countries in East and Southeast Asia,and has become the cornerstone of the whole oriental culture. Qufus ConfuciusMansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest, collectively referred to as"three Confucius", is a symbol of Chinas history of commemorating Confucius andadvocating Confucianism. It is famous for its rich cultural heritage, longhistory, grand scale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific andartistic value. Because of its prominent position in Chinese history andOriental Culture in the world, it was listed as a world cultural heritage byUNESCO and included in the world heritage list in December 1994. It is honoredas one of the three holy cities in the world.

On May 8, 20__, Qufu minggucheng (Sankong) tourist area was officiallyapproved as a national 5A tourist attraction by the National TourismAdministration.

The reason why Qufu is famous all over the world is closely related to thename of Confucius. Confucius is one of the greatest philosophers in the worldand the founder of Chinese Confucianism. In the long history of more than 20__years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodox culture of China, andhas influenced the countries in East and Southeast Asia, and has become thecornerstone of the whole oriental culture. Qufus Confucius Mansion, ConfuciusTemple and Confucius forest, collectively referred to as "three Confucius", is asymbol of Chinas history of commemorating Confucius and advocatingConfucianism. It is famous for its rich cultural heritage, long history, grandscale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific and artistic value.Because of its prominent position in Chinese history and oriental culture, it ishonored as one of the three holy cities in the world.

On the west side of Changchun City, there is a movie theme park integratingthe most advanced special effects movies in the world. It is a unique andamazing movie theme park in the world - Changying century city. Located by thebeautiful Jingyuetan in Changchun City, Jilin Province, Changying century cityis the first world-class film theme Entertainment Park in China, and a landmarkproject of Changying reform and second pioneering. At the end of last century,under the new historical conditions, Chinas film industry met severe challengesfrom the socialist market economy and other aspects. The famous Changyingstudio, known as the cradle of new Chinas film, also faced unprecedenteddifficulties in survival and development. Under the guidance and care of therelevant central departments and under the leadership of the Jilin provincialParty committee and the provincial government, Changying has actively andsteadily promoted the system reform and mechanism innovation, and established amodern enterprise system that is compatible with the socialist market economy,the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and the laws of filmcreation and production. On the basis of the success of the reform, Changyinggroup draws lessons from the successful experience of the international filmindustry, combines the modern film industry with the tourism industry, extendsthe film industry chain, creates the first world-class film theme EntertainmentPark in China, and creates a new model of Chinas big film era.

Standing on the shoulders of two giants of world theme parks, ChangyingCentury City has become the "Oriental Hollywood" of Chinese people. As a filmtheme Entertainment Park, Changying Century City has developed a series ofentertainment projects around the film theme. Special effects film is the mostcharacteristic tourism and entertainment product of Changying century city. InChangying Century City Park, there are five special effect cinemas, including 3Dgiant screen, 4D special effect, laser suspension, dynamic ball screen andthree-dimensional water screen. Hollywood and Disney failed to gather the mostadvanced special effects movies in one park. Therefore, Changying century cityis also known as the "capital of special effects movies in the world".

The climate of Changchun City is located in the transition zone between theeastern mountainous humid area and the western plain semi-arid area, whichbelongs to the temperate continental semi humid monsoon climate type. Althoughthe East and the south are not far from the sea, due to the barrier of ChangbaiMountains, the effect of summer heat is weakened, so summer is cooler. SongliaoPlain is located in the West and north of China. The air mass of Siberian polarcontinent is unobstructed, and the influence of monsoon is very big. Therefore,the climate characteristics are that the annual temperature changessignificantly, and the four seasons are distinct. In winter, the snow is flying,the spring is sunny, the summer is windy and sunny, and the autumn is cool andpleasant. The best travel time is spring, summer and autumn.

The film and television culture theme of Changying century city is brightand prominent. It has rich connotation of film culture and national culture. Ittakes film and television programs as the carrier to uncover the mystery of filmproduction, so that the audience can fully enjoy the high-grade spiritualpleasure brought by film art and excellent Chinese national culture. People whohave visited the Changying century city know that there are not only the realmovie scenes but also the beautiful bubbles in the fairytale world. This showsthe essence of the world theme park giant Universal Studio Hollywood and DisneyPark, the most advanced and the most complete special effects movie. Asimportant as entertainment products, colorful Park activities are alsounforgettable.

The Samba dance company of Brazil has performed more than 180 consecutiveperformances, which ignited the "Oriental Hollywood" with enthusiasm; the flowerof Russian art dance company has brought strong Russian customs; the filmcharacters who show Changchuns profound film heritage are big; the wonderfulAcrobatic Art Tour; Funny and humorous "clowns Day", "Bachelors Day","Valentines Day", "happy childrens Day", "Chinese stunt Carnival", "MagicFestival" and "water Olympic Games" and so on, wonderful programs are like alandmark, which deeply engraves Changying century city into Changchun.

Dear tourists, we are now seeing Mount Everest, the highest peak in theworld. Qomolangma means "the third goddess" in Tibetan. Everest is the main peakof the Himalayas, with an altitude of 8848 meters. It is located on the borderbetween China and Nepal, with the north in Dingri County, Tibet, China, thesouth in Nepal, and the peak in China. Mount Qomolangma is a huge pyramid shapedmountain with steep terrain and complex environment. There are various types ofglaciers with a total area of 1500 square kilometers distributed between theridges and cliffs, and there are various kinds of beautiful and rare ice towerforests on the glaciers. Within 20 kilometers around Mt. Everest, there are manypeaks. Among the 14 peaks above 8000 meters in the world, there are 5. The peaksof 6-7 kilometers are all around, forming a magnificent landscape with manypeaks.

According to the analysis of geological structure, in ancient times, thewhole Himalayas was still the sea. From about the late Cenozoic tertiary, thedeep rock strata under the sea were affected by the strong Himalayan orogeny,and the sea floor rose and emerged, gradually rising to become the highest andyoungest "roof of the world". Standing on the top of the earth, Qomolangmaitself is the most typical fault block mountain in the Himalayas. Its pyramidshaped peak is composed of Ordovician brown marble and crystalline limestone.According to the determination of scientists, Everest is still rising, with anaverage annual speed of 3.2 mm to 12.7 mm, continuing to set a new worldrecord.

Dear tourists, there are many beautiful legends about Mount Everest. It issaid that when Songzanganbu was king of Tibet, the Himalayas and Mount Everestwere beautiful places with flowers in full bloom. Songzanganbu ordered that thisplace should be specially used for raising a hundred birds. The original namewas "luozamarang", which means the place for raising birds in the south. In the8th century, the Tibetan king chisongdezan sent people from India to welcome theancestor of lianhuasheng to spread Tibetan Buddhism, and Buddhism graduallyprevailed in Tibet. There are five goddesses seats in the monthly sacrifice tothe gods. Each of the five goddesses has its own name. This is the earliestTibetan name for the five peaks of the Himalayas in China. They are known as the"five sisters of longevity", and Qomolangma ranks the third, named Cuiyan fairy,who is the goddess of defending and reproducing the race. The other four peaksare respectively Fushou fairy, Zhenhui fairy, guanyong fairy and Shiren fairy.People think that the third goddess is the most beautiful. She is calledzhumulangsangma in Tibetan, so she uses her name to call Mount Qomolangma, thehighest mountain in the world.

Dear tourists, the most interesting thing about Mt. Everest is the cloudsfloating on the top of the peak, which seems to be a flag flying on the top ofthe peak, so this kind of cloud is called flag cloud or flag cloud. The shapeand posture of the flag cloud on Mt. Everest are various, sometimes like a flagfluttering in the wind; sometimes like the rough waves; sometimes it turns intothe rising smoke; just like a galloping horse, and then like a gently flutteringveil. All this adds a lot of magnificent scenery to Mount Everest, which can becalled one of the worlds major wonders. What causes the formation of flagclouds on Mt. Qomolangma? It turns out that the flag clouds are formed byconvective cumulus clouds. According to the position and height of the cloud, wecan infer the size of the wind force on the peak. If the flag cloud movesupward, it means that the upper air wind is smaller; if it tilts downward, thewind will be stronger; if it is level with the peak, the wind will be aboutlevel 9. Therefore, the flag cloud of Mount Everest is also known as "thehighest wind vane in the world".

Dear tourists, Everest National Nature Reserve, established in 1988, islocated at the border between Tibet and Nepal. It is the most uniquebiogeographical region in the world. Everest nature reserve is a comprehensivenature reserve, which is composed of three parts: core reserve, scientificexperimental zone and economic development zone. The alpine Canyon and glaciersnow peak in the reserve are very spectacular. The ecosystem types in thereserve are diverse, and the rare and endangered species are extremely rich.There are more than 10 national first class protected animals, such as langur,bearmonkey, Himalayan tal sheep, etc. among them, snow leopard is the landmarkanimal in Zhumulangma National Nature Reserve. The reserve is also rich inwater, light and wind energy resources. When the sun rises to the East, the hugepeaks are colorful in the red light. In addition, many peculiar naturallandscapes have attracted a large number of domestic and foreign tourists.

Dear tourists, Mount Everest is a place that the worlds mountaineers yearnfor. At the foot of Mount Everest is Rongbu temple, the highest temple in theworld. From the summit of Rongbu temple, we have to pass through two importantsections, namely the well-known Beiao and the second step. Beiao is the gatewayto climb Mount Qomolangma from the north slope. It is a saddle shaped ice wallwith an altitude of 7007 meters. There are ice cracks all over it. It is a verydifficult natural obstacle to overcome. The second step is more than 300 metersaway from the peak. In 1960, Chinas national mountaineering team crossed Beiaofrom the north slope to the top along the North Ridge. This is the mostdifficult route to climb Mount Everest, creating an unprecedented miracle in thehistory of mountaineering in the world. It took 8 days for the nationalmountaineering team to reach the top from the base camp, including 6 days fromBeiao to the top, and the last 50 meters took 19 hours without oxygen. Themountaineering teams of various countries have opened up many routes to climbEverest. In 1953, the British mountaineering team ascended from the south slopealong the southeast ridge. In 1988, China, Japan and Nepal jointly formed a teamto climb from the north and south sides of Qomolangma at the same time,realizing a "double leap" in human history. Dear friends, lets pay homage tothese warriors who use their lives to create miracles on the roof of theworld!

Zhangjiakou City, located in the northwest of Hebei Province, is located in113 ° 50 ′～ 116 ° 30 ′ e, 39 ° 30 ′～ 42 ° 10 ′ n. It is adjacent to Chengde Cityin the East, Beijing City in the southeast, Baoding City in the south, DatongCity, the second largest city in Shanxi Province in the West and southwest, andWulanchabu city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north and northwest.The city is 289.2 km long from north to South and 216.2 km wide from east towest, with a total area of 36800 square kilometers and a total population of 4.6million.

By 20__, Zhangjiakou had jurisdiction over 13 counties (Xuanhua, Zhangbei,Kangbao, Guyuan, Shangyi, Yuxian, Yangyuan, Huaian, Wanquan, Huailai, Zhuolu,Chicheng, Chongli), 4 districts (Qiaodong, Qiaoxi, Xuanhua, Xiahuayuan), 2management districts (Chabei, Saibei), high tech zones and industrial clusters.[1] Zhangjiakou is a famous northern city with a long history and splendidculture. It used to be the hometown of Oriental people, an important holy landfor the integration and unification of the Chinese nation, an important materialdistribution center in northern China, an important land commercial port fortrade with Europe, and an important industrial base in North China.

At present, Zhangjiakou City is in a critical period of acceleratingdevelopment. Based on the actual situation of the city, the municipal Partycommittee and the municipal government put forward the theme of scientificdevelopment, the main line of transformation mode, the overall requirements ofscientific development and leapfrog overtaking, adhere to the generaldevelopment idea of "open innovation, national entrepreneurship, characteristicexcellence, enriching the people and strengthening the city", and grasp the ideaof "transforming disadvantages into advantages and developing advantages" Weshould strive to develop "4 + 3" modern industry and build "a central city inthe border area of Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia". Nowadays,Zhangjiakou, the "Pearl beyond the Great Wall", with its growing unique charmand rapid development momentum, reproduces the magnificent style of a strongeconomic and cultural city.

Zhangjiakous highway construction is speeding up, and the transportationindustry is developing healthily. In 20__, the citys highway mileage reached19234 km, an increase of 182 km over the end of last year. Among them, 628kilometers of expressways were opened to traffic, an increase of 115 kilometersover the previous year; the citys highway freight volume was 44.22 milliontons, an increase of 19% over the previous year; the freight turnover was 12.55billion ton kilometers, an increase of 19% over the previous year; the highwaypassenger traffic volume was 35.35 million people, an increase of 37.3% over theprevious year; the passenger traffic turnover was 2.34 billion personkilometers, an increase of 40.9% over the previous year.

Hello, friends! Now we have arrived at Jiuhua Mountain scenic spot. Firstof all, I would like to introduce you to the general situation of Jiuhuamountain scenery.

Jiuhua Mountain, located in Qingyang County, South Anhui Province, is oneof the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. Liu Yuxi, a writer of the TangDynasty, praised Jiuhua Mountain after climbing it. He thought that the famousmountains in the world could not compete with Jiuhua Mountain. Li Bai went toMount Jiuhua three times. Jiuhua Mountain is characterized by beautifulmountains and numerous Buddhist temples.

As early as the Eastern Jin Dynasty (401), temples began to be built on themountain. Since then, they have been added and expanded to form "one smalltemple in three li and one big temple in five li". The temples spread all overthe mountain. It is said that there were more than 300 temples with 4500 monksin their heyday. At the moment, there are still 50 or 60 temples in completepreservation.

When you visit Jiuhua Mountain, you first go to Jiuhua street, which ismore than 600 meters above sea level. It is the center of Jiuhua Mountain, andtemples are mainly concentrated there, so it is called "Lotus Buddha kingdom".It is actually a village on the mountain. Besides temples, there are shops,schools, hotels and farmhouses. Visitors can stay there and take it as astarting point to visit the scenic spots on the mountain.

Huacheng temple on Jiuhua street is the oldest ancient temple of JinDynasty in Jiuhua Mountain. It is also the main temple of Jiuhua Mountain. Thearchitecture of the temple is arranged according to the mountain situation,reflecting the superb art of architectural design. In the temple, there is anancient clock which is more than ten feet high and weighs about 20__ Jin. It isexquisitely cast and has a loud voice. It is struck with a mallet. The solemnand clear sound of the bell reverberates in the valley, which often makes peoplefeel extraordinarily refined. "Huacheng evening clock" has become one of the"Jiuhua ten sceneries".

Not far from the east of Jiuhua street, there is a hall built on the cliff,which is the famous "centenary Palace". On the plaque, there are ten goldcharacters: "imperial grant to the centenary palace, protect the country WannianTemple". It is said that in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was amonk named Wuxu. At the age of 26, he came to Jiuhua Mountain and spent 100years in a rare cave. Three years after his death, his body was found in thecave. The monk on the mountain thought that he was reincarnated, so he offeredhis body in gold.

Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty granted him the title of "YingshenBodhisattva". As a result, the small temple dedicated to him flourished, and thetemple expanded to become one of the four jungles in Jiuhua Mountain. Visitorscan see the golden body of a flawless monk in a monks hat, red cassock andlotus platform in the body Hall of the temple.

Jiuhua scenery is on the roof. Tiantai peak is the main peak of JiuhuaMountain, with an altitude of more than 1300 meters. There is a saying that "ifyou dont get on the roof, you dont come.". From the rooftop of Jiuhua street,about 15 Huali mountain road, along the road through many scenic spots. When youare out of breath and reach the top of the roof, the scenery in front of youwill make you open-minded and tired. All around the mountains crawling, lookingat Jiuhua street, only palm so big. Looking from afar, heaven and earth areintegrated, and the Yangtze River is indistinctly visible.

The clear mountain wind brings waves of pines and bamboos, which makespeople intoxicated. The surrounding rocks are strange in shape and mostly dark.There is a huge stone engraved with the word "non human". At this moment, itreally makes people feel like they are in the fairyland of Penglai. It is saidthat watching the sunrise on the rooftop is no less magnificent than watchingthe sunrise on Mount Tai. Therefore, "Tiantai xiaori" is listed as one of the"ten sceneries of Jiuhua".

Ladies and gentlemen

First of all, welcome to Lhasa. Im Wang Bin, the tour guide of Lhasa. Youcan call me Xiao Wang or Xiao bin. My skin is a little dark, which is the reasonwhy Im on the plateau all the year round. But its healthy skin. Sitting nextto me is our guard, master zaxidler. You can call him master zaxidler for short.Zaxidler means -- Good luck and good luck. I hope all the guests who come fromafar will have good luck. Now our destination is Potala Palace, the highest andlargest palace group in the world with the most profound Tibetan culture. Nowthe car is still a short drive away from Potala Palace. You can enjoy theplateau scenery outside the car while listening to Xiao Wangs introduction toPotala Palace.

"Potala" is a Tibetan translation, namely "Putuo". According to legend,Tibetan Buddhists believe that Hongshan is comparable to Guanyins Mount St.Putuo, so they compare it to the second Putuo, hence the name of Potala Palace.Potala Palace is an ancient building group integrating palaces and temples. Themain building is 13 stories high, 113 meters high, 3700 meters above sea level,and covers an area of 120000 square meters. Potala Palace was built in the 7thcentury in order to marry Princess Wencheng of Tang Dynasty. 999 rooms werebuilt and 1000 red mansions were built. 1645 (the year of Muji in Tibetancalendar) V completed the unification of Tibet. In order to announce thereconstruction of the Potala Palace, the Potala Palace has been renovated andrebuilt many times since then, and it has begun to take on todays scale. ThePotala Palace City consists of four parts: the Red Palace, the White House, theDragon King pool behind the mountain and the "Snow" at the foot of the mountain.In Tibetan Buddhism, there is the theory of "three realms". The three realms are"desire", "desire" and "nothingness". We can see the overall layout of thebugong, which divides the Red Palace, the White House and "Snow" into threelevels from top to bottom, and arranges them vertically, which fully embodiesthe theory of "three realms" of Tibetan Buddhism. OK, we are at the front hallsquare of Potala Palace. Please take your luggage and get off with me. Theoverall structure of Potala Palace is made of stone and wood. The outer wall ofthe palace is 2-5 meters thick, and the foundation is directly embedded in therock. All the walls are built of granite, up to tens of meters high. Iron juiceis poured into the middle of the walls every certain distance for reinforcement,which improves the anti-seismic capacity of the walls and makes them firm andstable. Up these stairs, we can get to Sassoon Langjie in Potala Palace. Thereare many stairs and they are on the plateau, so please slow down.

Now we have reached the highest Hall of Potala Palace, which is calledsasonglangjie (meaning Shengjie). Inside the palace is a portrait of EmperorQianlong. In front of the portrait is a memorial tablet of the emperor "longlive". The memorial tablet is written in Chinese, Tibetan, Manchu and Mongolian.To the west, we come to the qimeigandan hall, which was built in 1690 and wasthe Sutra Hall of the sixth emperor Cangyangjiacuo. At the age of 25,Cangyangjiacuo, the victim of the upper ruling class, began his wanderinglife.

He wandered to Qinghai, Gansu, Mongolia, Sichuan, India, Nepal and otherplaces successively. He once worked as a beggar and sent corpses. His life wasextremely hard. Because of his contact with the working people and rich lifepractice, he wrote a famous collection of poems. This poem is now popular on theInternet, which is "cangyang Jiacuo love song". I remember a soothing poem, "seeor dont see" you see or dont see me, Im not sad or happy there After watchingits beautiful Gandan, lets take a look at the palace corridor. There are alarge number of murals inside the Potala Palace, which constitute a huge Galleryof painting art. Nearly 200 people have participated in the mural painting,which has taken more than ten years. The themes of the murals include thehistory of the development of Buddhism in Tibet, the life of wushida Lama andthe process of Princess Wenchengs entering Tibet. Now we have a generalunderstanding of the function, historical background, status and cultural valueof the main building of Potala Palace. I believe it will leave a deep impressionon you. In fact, according to the value theory of Potala Palace, it is almost apalace made of gold. Its overall layout shows the divine power of Buddhism, andencourages people to avoid contradictions in reality, pursue transcendence andfly to the realm of Buddhism, The architectural art of the Potala Palace mainlyshows the traditional Tibetan architectural form and the style of stone and woodstructure, and also absorbs the characteristics of the Han nationality, such asbeam frame, Dou Gong, Jinding, caisson and so on.

It is not only the crystallization of Tibetan working peoples wisdom, butalso the evidence of Tibetan and Han peoples unity and cooperation. In order tobetter protect the Potala Palace, a national cultural heritage, the StateCouncil listed it as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1961, andallocated funds for maintenance every year. Especially in 1989, the statecarried out a historic maintenance of the Potala Palace, which lasted for fiveyears, invested 53 million yuan, and sent more than 150 experts and techniciansfrom more than 10 provinces and regions to directly participate in themaintenance project, with more than 100 maintenance parts The scale ofmaintenance is the largest since the reconstruction of the Potala Palace. Inline with the principle of keeping the old as it is, the project has carried outtimely and effective rescue of this national heritage, making the ancient PotalaPalace more attractive.

When you visit Xian, you must want to see the second big wild goosepagoda. This ancient Tang Dynasty pagoda is a unique symbol of the ancient cityof Xian. The ancients once left a poem that "driving mountains and shining atnight, the morning bell of the wild goose pagoda is in the south of the city".As one of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong, the big wild goose pagoda standshigh in the Cien Temple in the southern suburb of Xian, about 4 kilometersaway from the city center. It is one of the famous Buddhist pagodas inChina.

Dayan Pagoda was formerly known as Cien Temple. Cien Temple wasoriginally named Wulou temple. In 648 ad, when Li Zhi, Emperor Gaozong, was thecrown prince, he ordered to build a temple in jinchangfang, Changan, in memoryof the kindness of his dead mother, empress changsun. Facing the Hanyuan Hall ofDaming Palace in the north, it covers an area of 26570 square meters and issurrounded by beautiful scenery. It is the most magnificent and spectacularBuddhist temple in Changan, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Now, please comewith me to visit Cien Temple and Dayan Pagoda.

[Cien Temple - stone lion - Bell and Drum Tower - Daxiong Hall - Sutralibrary]

Dear tourists, Cien Temple is a temple built by the royal family. It has aprominent position and a grand scale that no other temple can match. The templewas composed of 13 courtyards, covering an area of 340 mu, seven times the areaof the temple now. Its architecture is magnificent and its decoration isgorgeous. The existing area of Cien Temple is 32314 square meters, about 48.5mu.

Lets take a look at this pair of powerful stone lions in front of theMountain Gate of the temple. Strange to say, generally speaking, thingsintroduced into our country from foreign countries are always introduced intothe real objects first, and then there are works of art based on the realobjects. The lion settled in China, but the first exception is the lion stoneart, and then there is the real lion. As we all know, the lion was introducedinto China from Persia in the Eastern Han Dynasty, while the stone lion wasintroduced into China from India at the same time as Buddhism. The lion has thefunction of protecting the Dharma and avoiding evil. Buddhism believes that "theBuddha is the lion among the people", so the lion is often engraved in front ofthe Buddha platform, which is called protecting the Dharma lion. At the gate ofCien Temple, there are four stone lions sitting symmetrically on the left andright, and two of them are close to the gate. It is not clear when they werecarved. On the east side is the lion, teasing at the foot of hydrangea. On thewest side is the lioness, with a pair of cubs at her feet, called the lioness.It seems that these lions are also arranged in the order of male left and femaleright according to peoples habits. The two lions on the outside are carved in1785 and 1930 respectively. The height of the two pairs of stone lions is morethan 1.7 meters, and each pair weighs at least 250 kg. Its strange that thesetwo solid monsters made of eight faceted majestic stones, even if they aregently patted with their hands, will also make a metal sound like copper but notsteel, which is crisp and pleasant. Tourists, can you guess the reason?

Walking into the temple, there are two small buildings. To the East, thereis a bell tower. There is an iron bell cast in the Jiajing period of the MingDynasty, weighing 15 tons. To the west is the drum tower, in which there is abig drum. For a long time, "the morning bell of the wild goose pagoda" has beenwidely spread as one of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong. But in the past,people thought that "the morning bell of the wild goose pagoda" refers to thebell of the small wild goose pagoda in Xian. In fact, this scene refers to thebig wild goose pagoda, because the bell of the big wild goose pagoda weighs30000 Jin. It was cast in October of the 27th year of Jiajing in the MingDynasty (1548 A.D.), more than 100 years before the bell of the small wild goosepagoda was moved into the temple.

As we all know, most temples have the main hall, and so does Cien Temple.Its main hall is located on the high platform in the center of the temple. Itwas built from 1458 A.D. to 1466 A.D. and was overhauled in 1887 A.D. The threestatues above the main hall are the three body statues of Shi Ying and Mou Ni.The one in the middle is called Dharma statue, the one in the west is calledBaoshen statue, and the one in the East is called Yingshen statue. Shiyingmuni,the founder of Buddhism, was originally a prince of ancient Indias yingpilaweikingdom. He was born in 565 BC and died in 486 BC, about the same time asConfucius. Yingye, one of the top ten disciples of Sakyamuni, is on the eastside of the three body Buddha, and Ananda, one of the top ten disciples ofSakyamuni, is on the west side. On both sides are statues of eighteen Arhats andXuanzang.

Behind the main hall is the Sutra library, which contains importantclassics such as the Tibetan Tripitaka. Downstairs is the lecture hall, whereBuddhists preach Buddhist scriptures. There is a bronze statue of Amitabha, morethan 1 meter high. Inside the hall, there is a Buddha seat offered by Xuanzanghimself, as well as a statue seat of the four heavenly kings of qingxiangshi inthe Tang Dynasty. This stone is blue stone produced in Lantian Yushan. It iscrisp and pleasant to the ear.

[origin of the name of Dayan Pagoda - Xuanzang and Temple Pagoda -Architecture and cultural relics of Dayan Pagoda]

Dear tourists, when we walk out of the Sutra library, we can see themagnificent wild goose pagoda. When you see this Tang Dynasty building, you mustbe both surprised and curious. First of all, why is the tower named aftergeese?

According to Indian Buddhist legend, there were two schools of Buddhism,Mahayana and Hinayana, and Hinayana Buddhism did not avoid meat and fishiness.One day, it was Bodhisattva giving day, but a monk in a Hinayana Temple couldntbuy meat for dinner. At this time, a group of geese flew by in the sky. A monklooked at the geese and said to himself, "today there is no meat in the house.The merciful Bodhisattva will never forget what day it is." Before the voicefell, the leading goose folded its wings and fell to the ground. So the monks inthe temple were shocked and thought that it must be the manifestation ofBodhisattva. They built a stone pagoda at the site where the wild geese fell.They gave up meat and turned to Mahayana Buddhism. Therefore, the pagoda is alsoknown as the big wild goose pagoda.

At the Dayan Pagoda, people will naturally think of Xuanzang, the famousmonk of Tang Dynasty, who was the first abbot of Cien Temple. It is said thatin the third year of Yonghui reign of Tang Dynasty (652 AD), master Xuanzang, afamous monk, built the big wild goose pagoda in the West courtyard of CienTemple with the permission of Emperor Gaozong in order to arrange theScriptures, Buddha statues and relics he brought back from the western regions.Construction started in March of that year, under the supervision of Xuanzanghimself, and was completed in one year.

Dear tourists, you must have seen journey to the west, one of Chinas fourfamous works, and the TV series of the same name adapted from it. Is the Tangmonk in journey to the west the famous monk Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty? MasterXuanzang, with a common surname of Chen, was a monk in Luoyang at the age of 13.He was diligent and eager to learn. After visiting teachers all over thecountry, he decided to explore the essence of Buddhism in India, the birthplaceof Buddhism Its very important. Xuanzang started from Changan in the thirdyear of Zhenguan (A.D. 620__) and traveled along the Silk Road through the Gobidesert without birds and animals. He traveled westward to Tianzhu. Aftercompleting his studies in the 19th year of Zhenguan (A.D. 645), he returned toChangan. It took him 20__ years to travel 50000 kilometers. Through more than100 countries and regions, he retrieved 657 Buddhist scriptures and gained ahigh status in India. After returning to China, with the support of the Tangroyal family, he gathered erudite eminent monks from all over the country toform an unprecedented Buddhist scripture translation site, and acted as thetranslator himself. The quality and quantity of translated Buddhist scripturesare far more than those of their predecessors, which ushered in a new era in thehistory of translation in China. A total of 75 Buddhist scriptures and 1335volumes have been translated, and a record of the western regions of the TangDynasty has been written, which has attracted the attention of scholars all overthe world. It should be said that journey to the west is written in thebackground of xuanleis going out to the west to seek scriptures in the TangDynasty, but the Tang monk in the story does not refer to Xuanzang, but a figurein an artistic literary work.

Dear tourists, when the Dayan Pagoda was built, it was 60 meters high, with5 floors, brick surface, earth core and CD ladder. In the center of the reartower, there are lots of plants and trees growing in the cracks of bricks, whichare gradually decadent. After several renovations during the reign of Empress WuZetian in Changan, Emperor Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty and Emperor Changxing inlater Tang Dynasty, the big wild goose pagoda was 4.5 meters higher than theoriginal one and added two floors. Each side of the ground floor is 25 meterslong, the base is square, the side length is 45 meters to 48 meters, there areticket doors on all sides of each floor, and there are stairs in the tower. Onthe lintel of the bottom floor of the pagoda, there are exquisite line carvedBuddha statues, especially the picture of Sakyamuni Buddha on the lintel of thewest gate. The photo of the abandoned hall at that time is engraved on it. It issaid that it was written by Yan Liben, a great painter of the Tang Dynasty. Itis a precious material for studying the Buddhist culture and architectural artof future generations. The brick niches on the East and west sides of the SouthGate of the pagoda are inlaid with the steles of preface to the three sacredreligions of the Tang Dynasty written by Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the TangDynasty and preface to the three sacred religions of the Tang Dynasty written byEmperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty. The two steles were written by Chusuiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. They are the best of thesteles in the Tang Dynasty. They are precious original calligraphic inscriptionsprotected by the state. They are important material for the study of ancientcalligraphy. It can be said that the square brick Pagoda with wooden structureis a masterpiece of Buddhist architecture in China, with its simple shape,majestic momentum, remarkable national characteristics and the style of thetimes.

Tourists, since the completion of the great wild goose pagoda, celebritiesof all ages have left a good sentence to recite through the ages. Du Fu praised"the sky is high, the wind is strong all the time", and Cen Shen praised "thetower is like gushing out, towering in the sky alone; stepping out of the world,pedaling through the void". The poets magnificent description and philosophicalexclamation often resonate when people climb the tower.

Duxiu Peak is located in the city center to Jingjiang King City, Gufengprotuberance, steep, majestic momentum, known as "a pillar of the South". At thefoot of Shandong Province, Yan Yanyuan, a litterateur in the Southern Dynastiesand the Song Dynasty, is the most ancient celebrity in Guilin. Yan once wrote agood sentence that "if you are not alone, you can be alone in the bar". If themorning glow or the sunset glow, the solitary peak looks like wearing purplerobes and gold clothes, so it is also known as Zishe mountain.

Taipingyan, formerly known as Xiyan, is located at the West foot of DuxiuPeak. It is 2.9 meters high, 4.25 meters wide, 31.5 meters long and covers anarea of 140 square meters. North to snow cave. The cave is commonly known as theBangdong cave, which is painted by Zhu Bangning, king of Gonghui. During theredevelopment of jiajingjian (1522-1566) in the Ming Dynasty, a coin of "TaipingTongbao" was excavated. King Jingjiang thought that "this is a good omen, andthe mountain spirit told it to" so he named it Taiping rock ". The name oftaipingyan is still used. Taipingyan has its own characteristics. The rock islike a spacious house. The ground is very flat. There are stalactites hanging onthe top of the rock. Some of them look like neatly combed maiden servant girlhair, some of them look like colorful dragon scales, and some of them aredazzling with strange shapes and shining gold and silver. The vassal kings ofMing Dynasty planted flowers and trees in front of the cave, built pagodas andnunneries, built statues in the cave, personally wrote the story of Duxiu rock,invited local officials to write poems at banquets, and engraved a number ofclan poems on the cave wall.

Yueyachi is located at the east foot of Duxiu Peak in the urban area. Inaddition, the original Duxiu spring was built in the shape of crescent moon. Onthe pool, there is a water pavilion with a curved model and a willow on the sideof the pool. The scenery is very beautiful. Crescent East Notre Dame, Chuntaoand Bailong are known as the four famous pools in Guilin.

Snow cave is located at the northwest foot of Duxiu Peak, facing thecrescent pool, with a height of about 3 meters, a width of 5.6 meters, a depthof 32 meters, and an area of about 180 square meters. "Chiya" written by MingHulu: "the milk stone in the snow cave is the most strange." The wall of thecave is white, and the suspended milky stones are as white as snow. The entranceof the cave is engraved with the word "snow cave" and is flanked by Shuangfengstone. The original poems of Tang Dynasty are lost.

Zhongshan Memorial Tower is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guilin.It is located in the east of Duxiu Peak in Wangcheng city. In September 1925,the famous figures of the Kuomintang in Guangxi, such as Bai Chongxi, LiuWeizhang, Li yaoxuan, Li Weiren, Qiu Bangtao, etc., built the tower at the placewhere Dr. Sun Yat Sen swore the northern expedition in 1921 to commemorate theestablishment of the Guangzhou revolutionary government and the reunification ofGuangxi.

At the top of Duxiu Peak, Duxiu Pavilion is an antique pavilion with twofloors, red pillars, six corners, double eaves and tile roof. It is 7 metershigh, 4.8 meters long and 4.8 meters wide, and covers an area of 23 squaremeters. There are transparent flower windows and east-west double doors betweenthe columns. Beside the pavilion is a Square Pavilion, 6 meters high, 4.7 meterslong and 4.7 meters wide, covering an area of 22 square meters. It wasoriginally an air raid alarm facility. In front of the pavilion, there is aplatform of 10 square meters and a fence around it, which stands on the top ofthe cliff. Climb four look, Yunsheng foot, star line chest, thousands ofmountains, thousands of households, all in the eyes.

Junction of the Yangtze river and wujiang river within the territory of chongqing is an ancient city, the country make a fuling. In ancient times known as is located in north latitude 29 ° 43 , longitude 107 ° 24 . Total length of 1600 meters, 10 to 15 meters wide, stretching from west to east, show a glyph parallel to the river. Water level elevation 81 meters, 137 beam ridge above the lowest water level 2 meters, 30 meters below the highest water level. 100 meters from south of the Yangtze river, stands at the junction of the Yangtze river and wujiang river in the east. Since the tang dynasty at more than 1200 years of over 170 words inscribed copy engraved on it, this is the famous built inscribed copy.

Built, why the poetic name, although opinions vary, but are associated with a person called er Zhu Tong micro. According to legend, when the northern wei dynasty, er Zhu Tong reluctant to usurp the throne and cousin, Zhu Rong confluence, abandoned the family, as, number, zhu reality. , zhu, an city, to close state, proud satrap. The satrap anger, will cage zhu jiang. Bamboo cage is not heavy, but, down the river to crane fucheng states gathered Shi Liang, encounter a fisherman for network and white stone. , zhu is a deep sleep, fishermans long should not be, qing fang su, hence to alter ego. Fisherman still cloth net, canoe, Zhu Jixu fix true blast; Knee is relatively late chat, tired foot LAN rivers dream. Bamboo flute fishermans song, copper qing scripture, each had its interest, a special love between both sides. Day, take Dan zhu with baishi fisherman and alcoholic drink, drunk after, take the fairy to crane. Built so named.

Built in tang dynasty inscribed copy the beginning moment GuangDe first year (AD 763), the existing 165 segments, 30000 words, 18 stone fish tail, 1, 2 statue of guanyin, crane, which involves the value of the hydrological 108 period, is the worlds only be sharpening the fish as the "water mark", ancient hydrological stations and observation records of hydrology. In the Yangtze river in China than in 1865 set up the first draft - wuhan jianghan shut hydrologic water level observation records 1100 years earlier, so the first ancient hydrological station of the world ".

According to the relevant departments of the observation, built in the tang dynasty stone fish belly, roughly equivalent to fuling district of modern the average of the calendar year low water level, and 24 years of the reign of emperor kangxi burring fish fish eye height, and roughly the same familiar channel department of the local water level zero. In August 1988, published by the state council as one of national key cultural relics protection units.

20xx by the state administration of cultural heritage in the Chinese world heritage tentative list. 175 meters after the impoundment of the three gorges dam, built inscribed copy will always drown in nearly 40 m recently. From central to local leaders at all levels attach great importance to built inscribed copy protection work, to built inscribed copy protection or not, is directly related to the world that the key to whether the three gorges project belongs to the civilization construction. Built protection engineering has produced a total of seven protection plan, more than 10 member of Chinese academy of engineering, academy of sciences has participated in the built in the evaluation of protection scheme. After 10 years of repeated proof, according to the international "Venice charter" in mobile give priority to the principle of protection of cultural relics in situ, 20xx countries have adopted the academy of engineering ge XiuRun offered to "no pressure vessel" way of protection, creatively built the worlds only built with a depth of 40 meters underwater museum. Built the site protection underwater engineering is first of the four cultural relics protection project of three gorges project. Built to protect the project started in 20xx to build, officially opened on May 18, 20xx, the first prize of science and technology innovation by state administration of cultural heritage, and a total investment of about 200 million yuan.

Built underwater museum in April 20xx during the first three gorges international tourism festival official trial opening to the outside world.

大家好!用完午餐当前，咱们就乘车前往洛阳古墓博物馆。洛阳古墓博物馆位于洛阳市北郊的邙山冢头村，乘车大概须要30分钟。现在我就应用这段时光向大家先容一下有关洛阳地区古墓葬及洛阳古墓博物馆的一些情形。

洛阳在中国古代号称“天下之中”，它地势平坦，四处群山围绕，西据崤山函谷关，东扼虎牢关，北依太行、黄河，南望伏牛山、嵩山;伊、洛、涧四条河流，纵横其间，即所谓“河山拱戴，形胜甲于天下”。优胜的地舆地位，既是洛阳成为“天下名都”的主要因素，也是储藏无数文物瑰宝的有利前提。我国历史上的夏、商、西周、东周、东汉、曹魏、西晋、北魏、隋、唐、后梁、后唐、后晋等13个朝代，先后建都洛阳。恰是洛阳存在千年古都的文化积淀，才使邙山上下、伊洛之滨成为蕴育华夏文物瑰宝的风水宝地。

邙山位于洛阳城北郊、黄河南岸，货色连绵100多公里。山势宏伟，水深土厚，其南又有伊、洛之水自西而东贯流洛阳。墓葬于此，即成古人所崇尚的“枕山蹬河”的习俗。因此邙山被视为宜于殡葬的风水宝地。自古以来历代帝王将相、王侯将相多以邙山作为他们安身长眠的乐土。就连唐朝时位于朝鲜半岛的百济国义慈王及其后辈客死洛阳后，也遵守这种习俗埋葬于邙山。唐代诗人王建诗云“北邙山头少闲土，尽是洛阳人旧墓”，在洛阳民间则有“生居苏杭，死葬北邙”之说。从20世纪50年代起，在洛阳先后考察、发掘了数以万计的历代墓葬。众多的考古挖掘材料证实，这些不同时期墓葬带有以下显明的特点：

一、时期蝉联，自成系统。自龙山文化早期开始，纵横五千余年的墓葬文化，发展序列清楚，连接有序，在中国墓葬制度研究中，拥有断代明显的标尺作用。

二、数目众多，品种丰硕，墓主人身份等级差别较大。不仅有大批帝王之陵、将相勋臣之冢，而且还有布衣庶民甚至奴隶刑徒的宅兆。

三、散布普遍，历代墓葬大都以洛阳都城为核心而绝对集中，尤以邙山最为集中。

为了让众人懂得洛阳地域的墓葬文明特点，研讨我国古代的墓葬轨制、墓葬形制及古代的时尚风俗，洛阳古墓博物馆于1985年开端兴修，并于1987年对外开放。全部博物馆占地44亩，建造面积7600平方米，可分为地上和地下两个部门。地上修建群体从南往北有汉白玉石门阙一对，馆表一座，馆表上的表额“洛阳古墓博物馆”题字由著名考古学家夏先生书写，进而为序幕大殿，殿前左右两侧设有复制的汉代天禄、辟邪兽一对。殿后为高低墓区厅，两侧为配殿。后边还有四角楼和望景亭。地下局部设有两汉厅、魏晋厅、唐宋厅和休息厅，各厅之间有通道相连，通道两侧是还原的历代古墓群。首批搬迁恢复的有上自两汉下至北宋的历代典型古墓葬22座。其中包含有名的西汉打鬼图壁画墓、卜千秋壁画墓、新莽时代壁画墓、东汉车骑图壁画墓、曹魏正始8年墓、西晋关内侯裴诋墓、北魏孝文帝之孙长山王元醒墓、南平王公玮墓以及西域安国人唐代定远将军安菩夫妇墓。另外还有宋代五座仿木结构雕梁画栋的砖室墓等。这些墓葬建造的各具特色，或深奥宏大，或构造灵活，或布局谨严，或性质殊别;尤其是目不暇接的壁画，或表示打鬼典礼、或反应仙人思维、或刻画天体星象、神话传说、历史故事，或再现车骑出行及家庭生涯的场景。墓中均随葬有丰盛的明器，其中有一部分可称的上是国之珍宝和艺术杰作。记录墓主人身世和功德的墓志，堪称是补正史书的“石史”。另外，在配殿内还摆设有原始社会、奴隶社会的典范墓葬模型以及历代葬具跟丧葬典礼，以展现洛阳历代墓葬的演化和时俗风气。

说到古墓葬，就要首先从“丧葬”二字开始讲起。

死，作为人生的一种做作归宿或终结，是人类无法躲避、无法说明、无奈超出的现实问题。这个另人胆怯、焦急的事实问题，对史前时期的原始人类来说，天然是一个无法解释的迷。他们害怕死亡的来临，认为死亡不外是向另一个世界的过渡，因此丧葬便成为他们在社会生活中的重要大事，并在漫长的历史进程中逐步构成种种具备神秘颜色、肃穆而盛大的丧葬礼俗，对后代发生了极其深远的影响。

然而，基于灵魂不灭观念和原始道德观点而产生的一种宗教性质的社会习俗，“丧葬”二字并不是一开始就联合在一起的，而是经由了一段漫长的演变过程。

“丧”字在殷商甲骨文中的原意为采桑，后来才被人们借作“丧亡”的“丧”，其意在古代有以下四种说法;一是指失去，二是指死去，三是指尸体，即死者的遗体，四是指哀葬死者的礼节。

“葬”字在殷商甲骨文中为掩埋逝世者尸体的象形字，其意是将死者的遗体掩埋在草丛中或者用井字形的棺椁装殓起来加以掩埋。后人以“葬”字指埋葬死者尸体，当渊源于此。

大约到了秦汉以后，“丧”“葬”二字才开始合称，其最基础的含意就是指人死后的尸体处置及其有关的礼仪习俗。从程序上看，“丧葬”能够划分为殡葬礼仪、掩埋礼仪和祭奠服丧礼仪三个部分。

丧葬作为意识形态的产物，与人类社会的发展亲密接洽在一起，并由出产关联的性质所决议，为其它上层修筑所制约，并跟着经济基本和整个社会制度的变更而变化。因而，在不同的社会状态中，丧葬有着各自不同的性质、职能和情势。

Welcome to Turpan. When talking about Turpan, people cant help thinking ofWang Luobin, the "king of Western singing". His "Turpan grapes are ripe, andanaerhans heart is drunk". The beautiful lyrics and moving melody bring us intoa picturesque realm. Now lets go into Turpan and feel its magic charm together!Turpans geographical characteristics → climate characteristics "the hottest,the lowest, the driest and the sweetest" are peoples image description ofTurpan, which also accurately summarizes Turpans geographical and climaticcharacteristics. Tourists, lets first introduce the geographical location andtopographic features of Turpan. Turpan is located in the central part ofXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, bordering Hami in the East, Bayinguoleng inthe West and south, 183 km from Urumqi in the northwest and Changji in thenorth. It is about 300 kilometers long from east to west and 240 kilometers widefrom north to south, covering an area of 64000 square kilometers, accounting for4.2% of the total area of Xinjiang. The terrain is characterized by twomountains and one basin, Bogda mountain and kuluktag mountain are in the northand south, and Turpan Basin is in the middle. There are two counties and onecity under its jurisdiction, namely Dushan County, Toksun county and Turpancity. The total population is about 520000. The main ethnic groups are Uygur,Han, Hui, Kazak, Manchu, Russian and so on.

Turpan Basin is an olive shaped Intermountain basin in the east of TianshanMountains. It is surrounded by mountains, high in the north and low in thesouth, wide in the West and narrow in the East. Due to the Himalayan orogenyabout 30 million years ago, a variety of geological structures and landformshave been formed. In the north there is Bogda peak, which is covered with snowall the year round at an altitude of 5445 meters. In the middle there is FlamingMountain, which stretches 100 kilometers from east to west. In the FlamingMountain, there is a famous Grape Valley 7 kilometers long. The most peculiar isAiding Lake, which is 154 meters below sea level. It is the lowest basin inChina and the second dead sea of Jordan, which is 391 meters below sea level Thesecond lowest land in the world. Turpan Basin integrates snow mountains, rivervalleys, sand dunes and lakes, just like a giant landscape painting, which makespeople stop and linger.

Because of its unique geographical environment, Turpan has become the placewith the highest temperature in summer in China. From June to August every year,the average temperature here ranges from 35 ℃ to 37 ℃, the extreme maximumtemperature reaches 49.6 ℃, and the surface temperature exceeds 70 ℃. Therefore,people describe it as "a place where eggs can be baked in sand nest and bigcakes can be baked on stone slab". When our cars travel through the village, wecan also see such a novel phenomenon, that is, every familys bed is placedoutside the house, which is how the local residents spend the hot summer.Therefore, it is appropriate for people to call Turpan "Huozhou" since ancienttimes. However, although the absolute temperature here is very high, thetemperature difference between day and night is large. In addition, there areoften strong winds in the basin. Even if it is extremely hot during the day,once the sun sets and night falls, the temperature will gradually cool down.Especially in spring and autumn, the temperature difference is more obvious,

Just like two seasons, "wearing fur coat in the morning and yarn in theafternoon" is a true portrayal of the climate characteristics of TurpanBasin.

Turpan is dry and rainless. Almost 10 months of the year, there is no rainor snow. The average annual precipitation is 16.6 mm, but the evaporation is ashigh as 3000 mm. The precipitation season is mainly in summer. The climate ofTurpan Basin is often described as "dry without rain" because of small rainfall,coarse raindrop and short precipitation time. As a part of precipitation,snowfall is rare in Turpan Basin. The average snowfall in winter is less than2mm. However, the year-round snow on Bogda mountain provides endless water forthe basin. By digging the Kaner well, the local people lead the melting waterfrom the snow mountain to the ground through the underground flow, irrigate thefertile land, and breed a vibrant desert oasis.

The closed basin, thin cloud cover, strong solar radiation and extremelyhigh temperature form abundant heat resources. In Turpan Basin, where the sky ishigh and the clouds are light, the annual sunshine hours are more than 3000hours. Abundant heat resources provide an ideal environment for the growth ofthermophilic crops such as melons, fruits and cotton. For example, Turpan Grape,which is famous at home and abroad, has a history of more than 20__ years andhas more than 300 varieties. After testing, the sugar content of Turpan Grape isas high as 22% - 26%, which is higher than that of California grape (20%) withthe highest sugar content. Turpan Grape is the sweetest grape in the world.Tourists, after introducing the geography of Turpan, lets review itshistory

Turpan, known as Gaochang, Xizhou and Huozhou in ancient times, became thepolitical, economic and cultural center of the western regions more than 20__years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, and was a famous town on the ancient SilkRoad. The former state of Cheshi, built by local Cheshi people, once dominatedhere for a while. In the Jin Dynasty, it was the location of the capital of thewestern regions, where the "Gaochang county" was established. After the fall ofGaochang Kingdom, the Tang Dynasty set up "Xizhou" here. In Song Dynasty, theUighur people moved westward and established the kingdom of Gaochang. In Yuanand Ming Dynasties, "Huozhou" and "Hezhou" were established. Zhili Hall ofTurpan was set up in Qing Dynasty. Turpan county was set up in 1913. In 1985,the county was removed and Turpan city was established. Turpan was also one ofthe earliest regions in Xinjiang to open to the outside world. Since the Han andTang Dynasties, foreign exchanges have been very frequent. Businessmen, monksand envoys from the Central Plains to India, Persia and the Mediterranean coasthave come in an endless stream, leaving Turpan with many beautiful legends.Tourists, coming to Turpan, seem to have read a thick historical picture. Thereare the ancient cities of Jiaohe and Gaochang, which are full of thevicissitudes of war, the exquisite and gorgeous frescoes of bazkrik dry Buddhacave, the ancient tombs of Astana, which is known as the underground museum, andthe Sugong pagoda, which is an ancient building with Islamic style. They showpeople the historical features of different times. History has left Turpan notonly ruins, but also a long culture. The folk customs here are rich andcolorful, and the people here are enthusiastic and good at singing and dancing.If at night in Turpan Hotel grape rack, while tasting fruits, while enjoying"wheat"

The "seraph" party will definitely make you feel relaxed and happy.Tourists, this is the general situation of Turpan. Maybe some tourists have tosay that after talking for a long time, I havent expressed the Chinese meaningof "Turpan". Yes, Turpan is a Turkic language, which means "rich and fertileplace". After listening to the translation of the name and comparing with theprevious introduction, do you have the same feeling? I hope Turpan, a beautifuland rich place, can add more fun to your travel.

2 tour guide to the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik The specialgeographical location of the Silk Road makes Xinjiang an important channel forcultural exchanges between the East and the West. Therefore, religious art inXinjiang is very prosperous, and all major religions have a place here. Inaddition to Islam, Nestorianism and Manichaeism, Buddhism has the mostfar-reaching influence. Caves and stone carvings all over Xinjiang fully provethis. Today we are going to visit Is located in the middle of the flame mountaingorge in the baizikrik thousand Buddha cave. Origin of the name → historicalstatus → general situation of the caves

Bozikrik thousand Buddha cave, known as "ningrong Grottoes" in TangDynasty, is located in mutougou gorge of Huoyan mountain, about 60 km northeastof Turpan City, only 15 km south of the old city of Gaochang. It is one of thelarger and famous Buddhist grottoes in Xinjiang. Bozikrik means "hillside" inUighur and "decorative painting" in Turkic.

Bozikrik thousand Buddha cave was first excavated in the late Northern andSouthern Dynasties, namely the Qushi Gaochang state (ad

During the seven centuries of Tang, Five Dynasties, song and YuanDynasties, it was one of the Buddhist centers in the western regions. GaochangUighur period (9th-13th century A.D.) is the most prosperous period of thegrottoes. Therefore, the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik is considered as "themost important, the most abundant, the most complete and the most representativeart treasure house in Uighur Buddhist art". Tourists, now we come to thethousand Buddha Cave Scenic Area. There are 83 caves and 77 existing numberedcaves. Among them, there are more than 40 caves with residual murals. The totalarea of murals is 1200 square meters. It is the largest number of caves and themost abundant murals in Turpan. There are various forms of grottoes, such ashorizontal top straight cave, central pillar cave, square double set cave anddome square cave, and some built temples and Buddha platform in the middle ofthe grottoes.

[mural content → Jiyue painting in cave 16 → hell change in cave 17 → greatlotus in cave 18 - Uighur king in Gaochang in cave 20 → Manichaeism in cave 38 →small commemorative shadow cave in cave 82 → 83]

Walking down the steps at the entrance, we can see more than a dozen cavesopen to tourists. The light in the caves is not very strong, and the mottledpictures on the inner wall of the arch can be seen faintly. Each line isdepicted in detail. The ribbons of the characters are very dynamic, but many ofthe characters are incomplete, which is a pity.

The frescoes in the bozikrik Grottoes mainly include the "Buddha" with alarge-scale portrait of Buddha as the center

The purpose of these paintings is to glorify the Buddhist Dharma forworshiping good men and women. From the 6th century to the 12th century, it hasalways been an important place for Buddhism in Gaochang kingdom. Manyinscriptions in ancient Huique script, Chinese script and Baltic script arestill preserved in the grottoes, which are valuable materials for studyingancient scripts. The architectural style and painting skills of the grottoes arealso of high research value. In 1982, the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik waslisted as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Tourists, lets first visit cave 16. Cave 16 was excavated in the middleTang Dynasty. There is a picture of Jiyue in the cave. In the picture,xiaohulei, an ancient musical instrument, appeared for the first time in ChineseBuddhist caves. Hulei, also known as the dragon head pipa, originated fromNanzhao music of Tang Dynasty. It is shaped like a pear with a stick, a dragonhead with two strings, a boa skin covering the abdomen, and a sandalwood groove.Its authentic products are now stored in the Palace Museum of Beijing. Next,lets look at caves 17 and 18. These two caves are the earliest in the wholeGrottoes group, which were excavated in the late Northern and Southern Dynastiesfrom the 6th to 7th century. Lets first take a look at the mural "hell changes"in cave 17, which is very similar to the painting of Manis teaching aidmansion, which is rare in China. There is a big lotus flower in the center ofthe top of cave 18, which is filled with geometric patterns such as triangle andfour leaves in the middle. It is elegant and solemn, with nationalcharacteristics.

Next, lets visit cave 20. The murals in the grottoes show images of theUighur king and queen of Gaochang. The Uighur king of Gaochang was wearing alotus petal shaped crown, a round collar wide sleeve robe, a middle belt, blackboots and other daily necessities. The queen is plump, wearing a crown and a redcoat with lapels and narrow sleeves. The color of the portrait is gorgeous, thelines are smooth and the drawing is exquisite. Beside the portrait is theinscription of Huique. This group of murals is highly artistic and is one of therepresentative works of the whole thousand Buddha cave murals. Unfortunately,the original mural is on display in the Berlin Museum in Germany, and the colorphotos on display in the cave are based on the original. The frescoes in cave 38are different from those before. They are about ancient Manichaeism. There arethree trees in the frescoes behind the grottoes, under which there are manyimages of monks and nuns dressed in white and feathered people with wings, whichshow respect for Manichaeism. Manichaeism is a religion founded by Persian Mani,also known as Mingjiao, which worships the God of light. From the 9th century tothe 12th century, Gaochang Uighur kingdom was the center of Manichaeism in theworld. Manichaeism once became the state religion of Gaochang Uighur kingdom.Then we come to cave 82 and 83, which is under ganfo cave and beside muugou.This is a small commemorative shadow cave specially built for Buddhist eminentmonks during the reign of emperor Gaochang in the 10th and 11th centuries A.D. Apottery relic box and a gold foil wrapping paper used by Buddhists wereunearthed here. The ink mark on it indicates that the gold foil shop was locatedin the south of taihelou street in Hangzhou in Song Dynasty. This gold foilwrapping paper proves that Gaochang Uighur kingdom had quite close economic andtrade contacts with the Song Dynasty from the 11th to the 12th century.

Tourists, from the murals of the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik, we cansee Xinjiang Buddhism

The long history of culture makes us have a deeper understanding of thebroad and profound culture of Xinjiang. The past of Xinjiang is brilliant, andwe believe that the future of Xinjiang will be more brilliant.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. You are welcome to walk with me fromthe Fifth Avenue tourist service center to visit the Fifth Avenue scenic area.Its my honor to be the tour guide. My name is __, and you can just call me XiaoX. the driver next to me, whose surname is x, has many years of drivingexperience. Today, master X and I will serve you together, If you have anyproblems or difficulties, please feel free to raise them. I will try my best tohelp you solve them. I hope my explanation can make you know and love this placebetter.

The "five avenues" we are visiting today has condensed the history ofmodern China for one hundred years, and has become the pronoun of small westernstyle buildings in Tianjin. When it comes to Xiaoyang buildings, there are manyin Shanghai, Qingdao, Xiamen and Wuhan, but Tianjin is the most existing, bestpreserved, most concentrated and most famous. One of the important reasons isthat the people living in it are unusual. The delimitation of Tianjin concessionbegan in 1860. Under the pressure of foreign colonists, the Qing governmentsuccumbed and signed the Treaty of Beijing. Tianjin was forced to open a port.Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Japan, Austria, Italy, Russia andBelgium successively opened a concession in Tianjin. (the time and treaty whenTianjin was forced to become a trading port, and what were the concessions ofthe nine countries?)

"Five Avenue" is located in Heping District in the center of the city. Itis located in a rectangular area south of Chengdu Road, north of Machang Road,east of Xikang Road, west of Machang road and Nanjing Road. There are 22 roads,with a total length of 17 kilometers and a total area of 1.28 square kilometers.Its called Wudao road. In fact, it has six roads, namely Machang Road, munanRoad, Dali Road, Changde Road, Chongqing Road and Chengdu Road. There are 230representative small western style buildings here, including 89 British style,41 Italian style, 46 courtyard style, 40 apartment style, etc., which can becalled "World Architecture Expo".

Next, please follow me to visit the Fifth Avenue. Now we come to the oldresidence of Jin bangping, 114 Chongqing road. Xiaoyang building is an Englishbuilding, which is characterized by red roof tiles and skylight. This is themain feature of English architecture. Jin bangping used to be the principal ofYaohua middle school. It has become an office building.

We go on to munan Park, which is full of birds and flowers. Munan Park wasoriginally a nursery for British people. The flowers here are all rose flowersof Tianjin city. There are about 100 kinds of rose flowers in this park whenthey are in full bloom. The whole park is a combination of Chinese and Westernstyle. There is a very European style corridor and a Chinese style octagonalpavilion here. So it presents a scene of combining Chinese and western.

We are now walking on the longest of the five roads, Racecourse Road, whichis named after the racecourse leading to the British, with a total length of3216 meters. According to incomplete statistics, in the 1920s and 1930s, helived for two presidents, seven Premier or acting premier of the State Council,and dozens of supervisors and mayors. Hoover, the 31st president of the UnitedStates, also has real estate here. We are now at 123 Machang Road, the formerresidence of Navy chief Liu Guanxiong. This building is very strange, like apair of telescopes. 121 Racecourse road is the only Spanish building onRacecourse road. It was built in 1905 and is the former residence of Britishbusinessman davens. What we see now is the Foreign Studies University, which islocated at 117 Machang road. This university was originally a BusinessUniversity, and was also the predecessor of the Beijiang Museum, namely TianjinNatural Museum. Its founder is Li sang, a French scholar. It is an importantnode and can be explained.

We continue to move forward, and now we come to No. 66 Dali Road, theformer residence of sun Zhenfang, an industrialist. Because of the word run,once lived here, now renamed run garden. This building is a Spanish building,which is characterized by the ragged ripple on the wall. Now we come to 57 Daliroad. This British building is the "latent Spy Museum". Its low-key style makesthis special museum more mysterious.

Next, we visited munan Road, the most beautiful road on the Fifth Avenue.No.28 munan road is the old residence of Li Shufu, one of the eight greatfamilies in Tianjin. This building is of classical style and is one of the bestpreserved original buildings on the Fifth Avenue.

Now we come to qingwangfu, the most famous small western style building onthe Fifth Avenue. Qingwangfu is the only Wangfu on the Fifth Avenue, located atNo. 55, Chongqing road. It is a Chinese and Western style building with partialstructure. In 1923, Wang Zaizhen, the fourth generation of Heshuo prince in theQing Dynasty, was looking for a peaceful and comfortable residence in Tianjinand took a fancy to xiaodezhangs house. In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched the"Beijing coup", and Emperor Jiang Xundi Puyi drove out of the Forbidden City.Zaizhen also moved his family to Tianjin from King Qings residence until KingQing died in 1947 at the age of 71. Now its a private club.

Here our tour is over. Here you can see all kinds of small western stylebuildings. I believe these also leave a deep impression on you. If there is aplace that is not well taken care of, please forgive me. Thank you for yoursupport and cooperation. Finally, I wish you good health and smooth work!

陕西历史位于小寨东路大雁塔西北1公里处，是一组雄伟壮观的仿唐建筑群，占地约7万平方米，建筑面积为5万多平方米。它汇集了陕西文化精华，展现了中华文明的发展过程，鉴于陕西在中国历史上的地位，国家共投资1.44亿元人民币，兴建了陕西历史博物馆，于1991年6月建成开放。 博物馆建筑古朴典雅，别具特色。珍藏出土文物精品11.3万件，展室面积达1100平方米。

陕西历史博物馆主要展示陕西出土的历史文物，分史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清7大部分，形象地展现出115万年以前至公元1840年陕西历史。在中国历史上，曾经有11个朝代在陕西建都，历时1000多年，是我国建都王朝最多，建都时间最长的地区，因此，从某种角度来说，陕西古代史是中国历史的浓缩。

特点：陕西省博物馆融中国古代宫殿与庭院建筑风格于一体，典雅凝重，古朴大方，布局协调，气势宏伟，体现了民族风格和地方特色，馆内设有中央空调、多功能照明系统，采用计算机管理系统和中央控制系统。设有现代化文物库房和具备多种语言同声传译功能的报告厅。

镶金玉镯

陕西历史博物馆建筑造型继承唐代博大雄浑、典雅凝重的风 格，借鉴我国传统宫殿“轴线对称，主从有序，中央殿堂, 四隅 崇楼”的布局形式，同时运用现代先进技术，把我国盛唐时期古 典建筑风格与现代博物馆功能要求有机地结合为一体，既保持了 古老风貌，又有现代化的特点。屋顶采用唐代盛行的灰绿色琉璃 瓦，显得华贵庄重，古朴大方，墙面材料为仿石棉砖，门窗则采 用大块茶色玻璃和铝合金框架，馆内配备可控制温湿度的全封闭 中央空调系统，多功能的照明系统，自动防火防盗系统，计算机 控制管理系统;设有文物保护科技中心，具有先进的化验、测试 技术和文物保护修复手段。为加强中外文化交流，建有电脑控制 并拥有30万册藏书的图书馆和6国语言同声传译的国际学术报 告厅。此外，还有设施完善的文物库、资料室、购物中心等。

珍藏：馆内珍藏了陕西出土文物精品37万件，游客可欣赏到史前、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清自115万年前到公元1840年间的陕西历史文物。

结构：展室总面积达11000平方米，分基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三大部分，其中陕西古代史陈列、陕西青铜器珍品展、陕西历代陶佣精华展和唐墓壁画真品展最具吸引力。

进入博物馆大厅，迎面巨幅照片向人们展现出奔腾咆哮的黄 河和绵亘无垠的黄土高原。这是孕育诞生陕西历史文化的地理环 境。陕西的历史是黄土地文明的历史。昂首屹立在大厅中央的巨 狮是这种文明的标志。它造型雄伟，气势澎湃，石刻之精美，气 魄之弘大，堪称“东方第一狮”。这头石狮来自中国历史上唯一的 女皇帝武则天母亲杨氏的顺陵。中国古代的狮子及狮子雕刻艺术 由阿富汗传入，中亚的浪漫奇特与东亚的深沉浑厚在这里如此完 美地融合为一体，集中体现了陕西历史文化的基调。 近1500米的展线由基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三部分组成。 首先，我们先来看下陕西古代史的第一部分是史前史，从距今约115万年至公元前21世纪。1964年在陕西省蓝田县发现头骨化石是目前亚洲北部最早的直立人。新石器时代区别于旧石器时代的标志有3个：一是出现磨制石器;二是发明陶器;三是开始定居并出现了原始农业。仰韶文化距今7000至5020xx年，处于仰韶文化社会的半坡人生产力已大大提高。从半坡出土的陶埙，是我过迄今发现最早的吹奏乐器，引起了国际音乐界极大兴趣。

这里是周朝，公元前771年—公元前220xx年，包括从公元前21世纪在陕西形成的周族到周方国、西周王朝3个历史发展阶段。这件是牛的肩胛骨，是用来占卜，事后在卜骨记录下结果。这些占卜记录便是最早形成—甲骨文。西周是我国青铜时代繁荣兴盛的顶峰。青铜器也是是奴婢社会的礼制，即权力与等级的象征。这些是鼎，是古代的一种炊具，用来煮肉类。铜鼎是由原始社会的陶鼎演变而来的。在夏、商、周三代，铜鼎作为礼器，在奴婢主贵族举行祭祀、饮宴等活动时使用。传说夏禹曾制九鼎，代表天下九州作为政权的象征。所以，以后把取得天下叫“定鼎”。青铜器纹饰是研究青铜器艺术的重要内容。青铜器纹饰有两大类：动物纹和几何纹。二者均神秘怪诞，很难看懂。这是因为制作的本意是用这些青铜器祭祀天、地、鬼神和祖宗，一般人看不懂正说明构思的巧妙和成功。

大家看这些出土的大量的铁农具，是在秦朝农业为主出土的物品，秦朝以农业为主，这说明铁器当时已经取代了青铜器被广泛使用。公元前350年，秦国迁都咸阳。秦始皇继位后，在20xx年先后吞并6国，建立我国历史上第一个统一的、多民族、中央集权制的封建国家—秦。秦始皇统一六国后，采取了统一货币、度量衡、文字、等一系列改革措施，对促进我国封建社会经济和文化发展做出了重大贡献。秦始皇兵马俑发现的兵器、马俑铜车马，集中展示出秦王朝在军事、经济、科技、文化等方面所达到前所未有的水平。

汉朝是中国历史上一个十分重要的朝代，构成中华民族主体的汉族也在这时正式形成。汉长安城是中国历史上第一座国际性大都市。它比当时西方的古罗马城还大两倍。汉代非常重视农业，发达的农业也是汉代强盛的物质基础。汉代在冶铁、纺织、造纸等手工业的规模和技巧上都超过了前代。这是1957年在西安霸桥一座汉墓中出土的西汉纸。霸桥纸的发现将我国造纸的时间向前推进了近220xx年。汉代丝织品种繁多，这些是从丝绸之路沿线发现的丝绸残片，而求良马正是汗王朝开通丝绸之路的重要目标之一。

公元220xx年到公元581年的魏晋南北朝是中国历史上社会大动荡、民族大融合的时期。这是匈奴大夏政权在今陕北靖边县建立的都城统万城的照片。统万城坚固无比，雄伟壮观，是我国保存最完整的古城堡之一。

隋、唐两代是中国封建社会的鼎盛时期。唐长安城面积达84.1平方公里，是东古罗马拜占庭的7倍，阿拉伯首都巴格达6倍，明代长安城的9.3倍。我国瓷器起源很早，这些是唐三彩，是唐盛时的一种以黄、褐、绿3种颜色为主色釉的陶瓷工艺品。三彩器流行的时间较短，烧制的区别较少，因此遗物不多，非常珍贵。

这些是在陕西发现的元代文物。蒙古族统一中国建立元朝。1369年，明王朝攻占西安，改奉元路为西安府，西安就是从此得名的。宋代到清代是中国瓷器的繁荣时期。这里陈列的壶、罐、茶座、等器物工艺高超，造型古朴，使人留连往返。

汉•四神瓦当(朱雀)直径15.8厘米，边轮宽2厘米，陕西汉长安城遗址出土。朱雀口卸宝珠，昂首翘尾，更显得威严势猛，神圣异常。现藏于陕西历史博物馆。

给大家一小时的活动时间在此参观，一个小时后我会在门口等大家集合。

Hello, everyone. Im the tour guide who is responsible for taking you tovisit Macaos famous place of interest, mage temple. I hope my explanation willgive you a pleasant journey. First of all, let me introduce Mazu temple.

Mage temple was called niangma temple, Tianfei temple or haijue temple inthe early period; later it was named "Mazu Temple", which is commonly known as"mage Temple" in Chinese. Mazu means "mother" in Fujian dialect. The temple isbuilt along the cliff with a back mountain and a sea. It is surrounded bytowering ancient trees. There is a pair of stone lions at the entrance of thetemple. It is said that they are masterpieces of the Qing Dynasty 300 years ago.The temple is composed of four buildings: the main hall, the stone hall, theHongren hall and the Guanyin Pavilion.

The best time to visit mage temple is during the Spring Festival, becausethis time is the most popular, and many traditional activities will be held.Many faithful men and women come to pray for the gods. A large bamboo shed willbe built in front of the temple as a temporary stage for performing miraculousarts.

Mage temple is composed of "the first temple in Shenshan mountain", Hongrentemple, Zhengjue Buddhist temple, Guanyin Pavilion and other parts. Although thescale of each building is small and crude, it can fully integrate nature and thelayout is well arranged.

Entrance gate

You can see the granite building at the entrance gate. It is 4.5 meterswide and has only one door opening. The lintel has the word "Mazu Pavilion" andcouplets on both sides. The three parts are decorated with glazed tile roof. Thetop of the lintel has a cornice shaped ridge with porcelain beads and fish onit.

Memorial Gateway

Immediately behind the gate of MAGE temple is a three room four columnarch, also made of granite, with four stone lions on the capitals.

Hongren Hall

You have now come to the smallest Hongren hall, which is only about 3square meters.

Buddism godness Guanyin Temple

Guanyin hall, located at the highest place, is mainly made of brick andstone. Its architecture is simple and hard mountain style.

Zhengjue Buddhist temple

You are now in the Zhengjue Buddhist temple. This Buddhist temple pays moreattention to both the scale and the architectural form. The building is composedof a temple dedicated to the queen of heaven and a retreat area. The building inthe repair area is a common folk house with a hard Hill brick structure, whilethe temple is a four frame beam structure. There is an inner courtyard in frontof the main hall. The side porches on both sides are shed roofs. The main hallarea is divided into three bays by two rows of three columns. The roof is glazedtile slope top, and the top of the side walls on both sides is a gold shaped"wok ear" gable, which has the meaning of fire prevention and strong southernFujian characteristics. It is located in the front of the inner courtyard, Fromleft to right, it can be divided into five parts. The middle part is the highestand the two sides are gradually lower. The wall is decorated with claysculpture. The top of the wall is decorated with glazed tiles. Under the eavesof the glazed tiles, there are three layers of flowers symbolizing the bucketarch. In addition, there is a circular window opening with a radius of 1.1meters in the middle part. The eaves and porcelain beads on the top of theglazed tiles also show the importance of this hall.

Mazu Pavilion is always full of incense. Every year, on the new years eveof the lunar calendar, the birthday of Mazu on March 23, and the Double NinthFestival on September 9, it is full of people.

Witness the flame

On the afternoon of May 3, 20__, the Beijing Olympic flame passes throughMacaos mage temple. The Olympic flame from Olympia will meet the incense frommage temple, and Macao will show the characteristics of Chinese and Westerncultures in the most representative way of welcoming the Olympic flame.

Well, thats the end of todays tour. I hope this interpretation has left adeep impression on you. Please pay more attention to more Macao scenic spots.Goodbye.

Dear tourists

Hello, everyone. On behalf of Anhui travel agency, I welcome you to YixianCounty for sightseeing. Im Wang Bing, your tour guide of Xidi Hongcun. Pleasecall me Xiao Wang. I hope that Xiao Wangs explanation and service will makeyour trip more enjoyable. Sitting in the drivers seat is our driver, MasterWang, who has been driving for nearly 20 years, so we can rest assured aboutsafety.

Xidi Hong Village is located in Yi County of Huangshan City. In 20__, itwas listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. In 20__, it was rated as a 4Atourist area by the National Tourism Administration, and became one of the firstbatch of famous historical and cultural villages in China. In 20__, it was alsorecognized by the central government The TV station rated it as "Chinascharming town". When it comes to Yi County, I would like to ask you a question.Surely you all know Tao Yuanmings Peach Blossom Land? Do you know where theparadise described by Mr. Wu Liu is? Yes, the tourist is right. Its in Yicounty. His descendants imagined that Yi county was the ideal state they pursuedin the Peach Blossom Land described by their ancestors, so they moved here.Therefore, Yi county is also known as "small Taoyuan". Li Bai, a great poet,once wrote a poem praising Gu Yi: "Yi countys small Taoyuan is a place withthousands of miles of haze. The land is full of trees and plants, and peoplerespect ancient clothes."

Ladies and gentlemen, this morning we will visit Xidi Village, which isknown as the "Museum of ancient Chinese dwellings", and in the afternoon we willvisit Hongcun village, which is known as the "village of Chinese paintings".Xidi village is an ancient village built in the Northern Song Dynasty, where theHu family lived together. It has a history of more than 900 years. Xidi villagehas beautiful scenery, surrounded by mountains and continuous peaks. All itsstreets have been paved with blue stones in Yixian County. Most of the ancientbuildings are of wood structure. Huizhou three carvings (wood carvings, stonecarvings and brick carvings) are rich and colorful. Due to the less invasion ofwar in history, it has not been affected With the impact of economicdevelopment, the original form of the village is well preserved.

When it comes to Xidi, I think many friends would like to know why it iscalled Xidi. In fact, there are two versions: one is that the village issurrounded by two streams, and the water flows from east to west. It is calledXidi when the East water flows to the West; the other is that Xidi is located inthe west of Huizhou Prefecture, where there was a delivery shop in the past, soit is called Xidi. Xidi village is shaped like a ship. What are its mast, sail,cabin and sea? Now lets find out.

Ladies and gentlemen, Hu Wenguangs memorial archway is standing tall atthe entrance of the village to welcome us. Originally, there were 13 memorialarchways arranged in turn, most of which were demolished. Hu Wenguangs memorialarchway was fortunately preserved because of painting and Mao Zedongsquotations. You can see that this archway is made of fine Yixian green, which isthe treasure of stone archways in China. When it comes to Hu Wenguang, he isvery famous. In Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, when he was the magistrate of WanzaiCounty in Jiangxi Province, he benefited the people and was loved by the people.He was promoted to the rank of governor of Jiaozhou with outstandingachievements. He was also the chief historian of Jingwang Mansion in HubeiProvince. He was honored as the "Prime Minister of Jingfan" by the fourofficials of the imperial court. Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty grantedpermission to build this archway to carry forward his achievements and spread itto later generations. Lets have a look again. There are 32 round decorativepatterns carved on the bucket arch under the eaves, which are quite exquisite.It symbolizes Hu Wenguangs 32 years as an official, and also expresses hisgratitude for the great kindness of the emperor.

Members, lets move on. Now we are standing in front of the gate of Jingaihall. It is the ancestral hall rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. It has always beenthe meeting place of the Hu people. It is a brick and wood structure buildingwith a span of 30 meters. Lets have a look. The two black marble columns with aheight of 6 meters in the lower hall and the two ginkgo wood columns with adiameter of nearly 2 feet in the upper hall face each other and are symmetricalLiang Jia, how magnificent! Do you see the huge "filial piety" character in theback hall? It was written by Zhu Xi, a neo Confucianism of the Southern SongDynasty. Lets take a closer look at the word "Shou". Is it that you can see ahandsome young man bowing on his back and kneeling on the ground to show filialpiety to his elders, while his hindbrain is like a sharp mouthed monkey head,which means that filial piety is human and unfilial is animal It fully embodiesthe Chinese virtue of respecting the elderly.

Now we are entering tujing hall. This is a residence of Hu Ji hall. As soonas we enter the hall, the first thing we see is a portrait of Hu Ji hall and histhree wives. Lets guess which of the three wives is the eldest, which is thesecond and which is the third. Hehe, most people think that the old and thefrail are the eldest Guess, thats a big mistake. Lets tell you, his eldestwife is very young and died young, so she is still pretty. Therefore, its moreaccurate to judge according to their order. Then lets take a look at HuJitangs clothes. He wears sapphire plumes and patchwork clothes. At a glance,we can see that he is a top three. How can we see that In ancient times, ruby isthe first grade, red coral is the second grade, and sapphire is the third grade.Civil servants wear the pattern of poultry, and military officers wear thepattern of beast. If you look closely, Hu Jitangs clothes are decorated withthe pattern of poultry, so we say he is a civil servant of three grades. Theunique couplet on both sides of Dujing hall is "its good to study, to dobusiness, to work well, to start a business is difficult, to keep a business isdifficult, to know whether its difficult". The couplet compares business withreading, expressing the desire of Huizhou merchants to improve their status.

Well, tourists, we visited dijitang, zhuimutang, yuanyangtang and otherscenic spots. The Xidi tour is over. After lunch, we will go to Hongcun, whichis also an ancient village in southern Anhui. Whats special about Hongcun?Hongcun is also known as niuxing village. What about Niutou, Niuwei, Niujiao andNiudu 》Where is the spot of dragonflies? Lets have a look in the afternoon!

The Hawaiian Islands are formed by volcanic eruption, including 8 largeislands and 124 small islands, stretching for 2450 km, forming a crescent islandchain. Hawaii is the largest island with two active volcanoes. The climate ismild and pleasant all year round, the precipitation is greatly affected by theterrain, and there is a great difference between different places, with theforest coverage rate of nearly 50%. The state is made up of 19 major islands andcoral reefs in the central Pacific Ocean.

Hawaiis main industries include tourism, defense industry and agriculture.Pearl Harbor on the south coast of Oahu Island is the largest military port ofthe United States in the Pacific Ocean; Honolulu, the capital of the state, isthe industrial and commercial center of xiazhou.

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According to the calculation of Bank of Hawaii, the ripple effect oftourists tourism expenditure in Hawaii is 2, that is, every dollar spent bytourists will increase the local total output value by 2 dollars. Tourismrevenue accounts for 60% of the GDP, making the economic growth rate of Hawaiialways higher than the average growth level of the U.S. economy.

As tourism plays an important role in the economy of Hawaii, the governmentof Hawaii attaches great importance to the protection of the environment, theprotection of tourism resources, and the development of "clean" industries, suchas marine science, aquaculture, tropical agriculture, financial services, andbusiness centers, so as to promote the development of tourism and promoteeconomic development in the near future.