北京故宫导游词作文（推荐20篇）

所谓四合，“四”指东、西、南、北四面，“合”即四面房屋围在一起，形成一个“口”字形的结构。经过数百年的营建，北京四合院从平面布局到内部结构、细部装修都形成了京师特有的京味风格。

北京正规四合院一般以东西方向的胡同而坐北朝南，基本形制是分居四面的北房(正房)、南房(倒座房)和东、西厢房，四周再围以高墙形成四合，开一个门。大门辟于宅院东南角“巽”位。房间总数一般是北房3正2耳5间，东、西房各3间，南屋不算大门4间，连大门洞、垂花门共17间。如以每间11-12平方米计算，全部面积约200平方米。

北京四合院中间是庭院，院落宽敞，庭院中莳花置石，一般种植海棠树，列石榴盆景，以大缸养金鱼，寓意吉利，是十分理想的室外生活空间，好比一座露天的大起居室，把天地拉近人心，最为人们所钟情。四合院是封闭式的住宅，对外只有一个街门，关起门来自成天地，具有很强的私密性，非常适合独家居住。院内，四面房子都向院落方向开门，一家人在里面和和美美，其乐融融。

由于院落宽敞，可在院内植树栽花，饲鸟养鱼，叠石造景。居住者不仅享有舒适的住房，还可分享大自然赐予的一片美好天地。

各位游客们，我们现在来到的是世界上最大的城市中心广场，天安门广场，面积达到了44万平方米，而且北京在世界上的地理位置就是以广场的经纬度(东经：116°23′17〃，北纬：39°54′27〃)来确定的，。它坐落在北京市中心，一直注视着北京自古至今的历史变革。在明代，这里曾叫做承天门广场，出现了T型广场，当然，现在已经没有了。清代的时候才改为现在的天安门广场。在辛亥革命以后，天安门广场成了最好的群众运动集结地，著名的五四运动，一二九学生运动等等就是在这里发生的。而在这里最著名的事件，相信大家一定知道，那就是在1949.10.1的开国大典，当时这里聚集了30万人，共同来庆祝新中国的成立。解放以后，将T型广场拆除，建了人民英雄纪念碑，人民大会堂和历史博物馆，革命博物馆等大型建筑。而在76年，主席去世后，在原来中华门的位置上建立起了主席纪念堂，从而形成了广场今天的建筑格局。而在国庆50周年的时候，天安门广场经历了一系列的整修，使广场更加美丽壮观整洁。各位一定很向往我所描述的天安门广场，没有关系，在接下来的游览过程，我将向大家一一介绍。

明代永乐年间，这里叫做承天门，只是一个木牌坊，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。可是明代的时候被烧毁了，后来修建了面阔九间，进深五间的城楼，真正体现了帝王的九五之尊。但是明朝末年，又被毁了。而在清顺治年间，重修城楼以后，改名为天安门，将另外的三个皇城门儿都改名为带安字的，将故宫三大殿都改名为带和字的，体现了内和外安的美好愿望。这就是我们现在所看的城楼，它由城基、城台、城楼三个部分组成。基座是汉白玉须弥座，这是我国古代最高等级的基座，高1.59米。城台高14.6米。而城楼重檐歇山顶，这也是当时殿宇屋顶的最高等级。整座建筑高33.7米，在70年重修后，升高了一米。

这座建筑等级非常高的城楼，它的作用也同样非常重要。明清时候，凡是遇到国家大典，都要在城楼上举行“金凤颁诏”的仪式，(就是颁诏时，在城楼正中堞口设宣诏台。宣诏后，用黄丝线机上一只木雕金凤，金凤口中衔着诏书顺墙而下，礼部官员用朵云盘接住，然后放入龙亭，颂到礼部，随后颁布天下。)而且每当皇帝出宫祭祀的时候，这里是必经之路。对于新中国最重要的时刻也是这里产生的，主席就是在天安门城楼上庄严宣告新中国成立，并且亲自生气了新中国第一面五星红旗。在城楼上挂的主席画像，在每年国庆之前都要更换一次。

恭王府位于北京市西城区前海西街，是清代规模最大的一座王府，先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸，后被赐予恭亲王奕欣，由此得名恭王府，并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程，故有“一座恭王府，半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近，这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成，南北长约330米，东西宽180余米， 占地面积约61120平方米，其中府邸占地32260平方米，花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路，每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂，殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦，显示了中路的威严气派，同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩，厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝，至今仍长势甚好，在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”，是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致，主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋，大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段，为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制，是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼，东西长达156米，后墙共开88扇窗户，内有108间房，俗称“99间半”，取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”，俗称恭王府花园，徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应，花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口，以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心，前有独乐峰、蝠池，后有绿天小隐、蝠厅，布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽，缠枝藤萝紫花盛开，使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天，怪石林立，环山衔水，亭台楼榭，廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化，别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至，寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街，建于1776—1785年，原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅，和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后，此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时，由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功，慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他，而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿，恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿， 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁，现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无由证实，但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》，说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大，占地约6万平方米，分为府邸和花园两部分，拥有各式建筑群落30多处，布局讲究，气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园，园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱，东、南、西面均堆土累石为山，中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑，手法颇高。山顶平台，成为全园最高点。居高临下，可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成，和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题，如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂，其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格，其所表现的特点尤为突出：

一、 规格最高，可与宫殿建筑比美：

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断，还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池，装修成室内小园林，更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多，形式多样：

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处，而且具有多种类型，如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活，空间丰富：

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分，格局多样，其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间，又有私密性的小空间，既有对称式的，也有非对称式的，还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客，有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动，有的适合起居生活，有的作为寝息，不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细，技巧高超：

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木，用材异常讲究，加工的木料可以作出细小的截面，雕刻花纹起伏精确，而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格，只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成，施工难度之大，令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修，绝大部分已经无存，今天通过研究王府文化，要进一步将其发掘出来，结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求，再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海， 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于清政府十五年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间，初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年，这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣，身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职，重权在握，显赫一时，乃大筑邸园，同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局，就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸，后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林，总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆，尚朴去华，明廊通脊，气宇轩昂，仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山，古树参天，曲廊亭榭，富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常，开合有致，实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载，在这块位于京城前海西岸，被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上，元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院，香火旺盛，游人如织，就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶，该寺院才逐渐荒废，沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后，在这里建造大小不等的院落若干，供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后，在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅，相中了这块四周萦水，遥接西山，而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地，遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产，建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”，是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知，第一代府主和珅，是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士，又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官，在清史中十分惹人注目，有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德，后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻，使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年，和珅因罪赐死，嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时，乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订，将来不管谁当了皇帝，都要“办”掉和珅，惟十七皇子永璘说：“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝，只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我，我就知足!”

说到永璘，或者许多人都不太熟悉，但若提起他的孙子，那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻，恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官，但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比，他总还算是一个敢于负责，能够委以重任的人。因此，从同治朝起，奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前，他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣，那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一，他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动，"辛酉政变"时，就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说，如果没有奕欣，整部中国近代史，乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性，那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑，自从它诞生的那一天起，就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质，命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年)，和珅被处死之后，嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部，赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半，是因为当时，乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主，是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主，其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月，当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时，皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子，但天生神力，能开十个劲的硬弓，时常陪着父皇骑马打猎，乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女，他不只一次叹息："你要是个阿哥，这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确，十公主非但武功卓绝，而且胸襟非凡，当和珅春风得意时，驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵，公主就曾经严肃地训斥他："你阿玛受我父皇厚恩，不思回报，却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊，到了身家不保的那一天，连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话，虽不幸言中，但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情，没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位，公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二，西为庆王府;东为公主府，一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月，十公主去世，整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下，而那时，永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后，按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定，王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡，生计艰危，未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第，以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样，没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年，小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费，将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票"，以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后，利上加利，原先八万银元的抵押款，滚到了近二十万，穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年，由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学，以教会之间的关系，用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款，产权遂归这所大学。1937年，辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍，收回房产，将府邸部分作为女院，并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死，这样，府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年，原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒，又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年，恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年，中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院，盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年，又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋，建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间，厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏，到七十年代中晚期，花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌，其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁，但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院，除皇帝和家眷外，任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟，以为家居之所。于是，王府便产生了。今日的北京城里，还有60余座清代王府，其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里，这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前，北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”，最中心的是故宫，外面的第二层是皇城，为政府衙门，第三层是内城，为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层，才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步，还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京，有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写，人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景，每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物，因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮，你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩，你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩，亲王12排，爵位越低，数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大相和坤，他修建了庆颐堂，模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这是其中的一条罪状。

各位游客大家好!

我是快旅游社的导游，我叫陈凯瑶，大家叫我小陈好了，当然也可以叫我陈导。

在接下来的几天中，我将陪伴大家一起游览北京的名胜风景区。

希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫有个美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。

好，我们就开始今天的游览行程。

今天我们要参观的故宫，非常雄伟。

它占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.5万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙围绕。

还有穿52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。

根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。

按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝有14位，清朝有10位，统治时间共长达五个世纪。

好了，现在大家自己慢慢游玩!注意，大家在游览时不要乱丢瓜果皮。

祝大家玩得愉快。

大家好，我是本次游览故宫的小导游，大家在游览时要注意安全，爱护环境，不乱丢垃圾。

我们先进入的是午门，首先映入眼帘的是白色的金水桥，它全部是用汉白玉做成。接着就来到了太和门，一一走过，就来到了整个故宫最大的、等级最高的，也是最重要的宫殿——太和殿。它修筑得非常宏伟。它高29。92米，宽37米，长64米，是以前皇上办公的地方。大家往太和殿屋檐上看，是不是站立着形态各异的动物雕像。这些动物叫神兽，而且数量都是奇数，最小是五，最大是九，用来表示等级与地位。可是这里却有十个神兽，这是为什么呢?原来太和殿曾遭三次雷劈，都被大火烧光了，重修三次。

后来的皇上为了祈求太和殿不再被雷公劈到，于是就在九个神兽里又添加了一个神兽——“雷公”，这样就让太和殿成为了一个上下五千年里惟一一个拥有十个神兽的古建筑。继续走，过了中和殿、保和殿、乾清门，就到了皇上睡觉的地方——乾清宫。皇上如果要安心养神，可过交泰殿、坤宁宫，去御花园休心养神。这里植被繁多，假山、水流，空气清新，是理想的休养所。

过了御花园，我们就出了神武门，故宫游览就结束了。祝大家玩得开心，以后再来故宫游览!

各位游客大家好！欢迎来到北京天坛。我叫“汤采璇”，你们可以叫我“汤导游”。希望大家玩得开心，玩得愉快！

朋友们，现在到的地方就是北京天坛。大家往上看，有三个像似ufo的天坛。这么大，真是气魄雄伟！

天坛在原北京外城的东南部。位于故宫正南偏东的城南，正阳门外东侧。始建于明朝永乐十八年（1420年）。是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。总面积为273公顷，是明清两代用以“祭天祈谷“的建筑。天坛1961年，国务院公布天坛为”全国重点文物保护单位“。1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。

天坛占地272万平方米，整个面积比紫禁城（故宫）还大些，有两重坦墙，形成内外坛，主要建筑祈年殿、皇穹宇、圜丘建造在南北纵轴。坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。圜丘坛在南，祈谷坛在北，二坛同在一条南北轴线上，中间有墙相隔。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等，祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇朝乾殿、祈年门等。

“各位游客，今天的行程就到这里，欢迎大家有时间再来细细游赏。”

晚上7：00，咱们坐上回京的火车。这一天真是精疲力竭。咱们几个十分困难找了个座位坐下来，不知不觉中进入了梦乡。这次游览对我来说有许多的首次，首次漂流，首次坐快艇，首次划竹伐。有太多的首次，它们都将储存在我的脑海里，变成夸姣的回想。

这次咱们玩得都很开心。唯一不愉快地即是和导游引发的争执。本来换位想一想，她们真的不容易，后来我一想，要按她们说的，5人50，4人40，1人免票。这样算起来仍是挺划算的。比后来每人45值。但能够是她们的做法让咱们厌烦，老是跟着咱们，期望往后不要再这样了。

这次咱们10自个聚在一同真的很可贵，往后有时机必定要再好好聚一聚。游完十渡，我也该预备学习了，好好的再来一年。同学们也要开端大学生活了，必定要努力学哦。等下一年的这个时分咱们再团聚。本来最少十年没有写什么东西了，言辞生涩自不待言，权当作流水账供咱们看吧，说不定你们错失的刚好被俺记住呢。此为序。

嗯，早就期望这一天了。上星期五下班后赶紧冲到物美，随意捡了几样东西(没想到后来居然受到咱们盛赞，呵呵，可见俺在美食方面仍是有必定天分的，暂时按下不表。)，然后回去简略收拾了一下就上床歇息了，为第二天的出游休养生息。

期盼已久的7.28总算来临了!要知道从俺们云冈到青年公寓正常情况下要一个半钟头呢!所以俺5点半就起床，洗漱收拾结束6点按时出发，宁早毋迟啊!由所以周末的早晨吧，坐车一路比较顺畅，7点半就到翠宫了。从通往青年公寓的小巷里，迈着清爽的脚步，脸上泛动的春意为俺引来了几个路人的注目礼。俺乃至还悠闲地吃了早点呢。

抵达青年公寓门口时，见一人气昂昂气昂昂地在路北一侧行走。定睛一看，本来是天鹅mm。呵呵，真好，俺正不知道怎样找到组织呢。顺着天鹅的手指看过去，frankguy正在大巴周围等咱们咱们的到来。不一会儿，sg、mv们连续赶到，很快就济济一车了。大概是8点半摆布吧，车子在咱们的欢声笑语中起程了。

俺素有牌棍之称，今天出游岂能错失?所以号召人马，预备一场激战。由于天鹅只会“干瞪眼”(注：一种扑克牌的玩法，比较简略的说)，所以咱们也只好一同“干瞪眼”。玩不了几局，能够咱们觉得干瞪眼too simple吧，所以咱们三人(花月楼台，舞之精灵，cathlina)共同建议玩双升。但是天鹅不怎样会玩，忧虑被轻视不敢参与。几经劝说无效，所以我定定地望着她，说道：做人要有被人轻视的勇气!要想往后不被他人轻视，那就如今让咱们轻视!天鹅必定是从我坚定的眼神和口气中获得了一种近乎舍生忘死的勇气，所以就义无反顾的投入了战役。想那易水河畔的勇士亦不过如此!最终谁输谁赢记不清了，只记住正在鏖战之时，忽听得咱们一阵惊呼，忙昂首向窗外望去，但见路旁一池的荷花，大多为白色，婀娜多姿，不染纤尘，纤尘不染。。。。。。

不觉之中，车子现已到了目的地。咱们放下行囊，稍事歇息就开端了十渡之行的第一个项目——划竹筏。那片河塘不远，转瞬即到。青山绿水随即映入眼帘，一排竹筏整齐排列在岸边。

真是天公做美，盛夏之时可贵有阴云连绵遮挡炎日。但是时值正午依然有些炽热。可我一见清澈见底的河水——碧草泛动，鱼儿徜徉，便觉神清气爽，暑气全无。吾非鱼，亦知鱼之乐也!且看一帮sg、mv兀自徜徉犹疑，有的技能欠佳，有的在寻觅...呵呵，人家内心的隐秘嘛，不要说出来啦!“人生只百年，此日最易过”，如此良辰美景，岂能扭捏错失?!所以俺一个箭步而后又纵身一跃，悄悄落在竹筏之上。“好俊的功夫!”本以为会赢来一片喝彩，谁知背对咱们良久，也没有比及这一句。只好自个渐渐转过身来，唉...悄悄的一声喟叹，识我者谁与?

竹筏之上乐事甚多。俺自以为现已是划筏内行了，由于现已划过一次嘛，呵呵，所以驾驭起来也还算是称心如意。咱们把竹筏分而合，合而分，时而是一个强大的舰队浩浩荡荡，时而又各自为阵激流勇进(有些夸大的说，呵呵)。记住河塘中心有一个小岛——由几块硕圆的石头组成，俺们几个乐于冒险的决议上岛留影。他们几个都安然无恙全身而退。总算轮到俺了，嘿嘿，露一手的时机又来了!又是纵身一跃!这一跃可不打紧，但见那只竹筏直直撤退三尺有余!!!眼看自个陷于绝境，不由脱口而呼：“天哪!俺的轻功再好也飞不回竹筏上了啊!”。引来一阵哄笑。哼，俺又没说错!可巧此刻俺的伙伴小双同志，挟制打劫，不然不把竹筏接近。唉，谁让俺过早的把自个的缺点说出来呢，游水的水平止于狗刨啊。虽说自个的狗刨技能已臻化境，但在这小河塘里，实在难以发挥开来。也罢!正思忖计划举手屈服之际，小双现已驾筏接近接我上去。其时那个感谢啊，小双——济困扶危，救人于危险，多好的同志啊!!!期间俺们还驾筏到岸边采摘了几枝野花，尽管比不上玫瑰的秀丽多姿，但自有卓著不群洒脱出尘的风致。

夸姣的韶光老是时间短的。好在有那么多相机，把咱们芳华的笑脸，活泼的身姿，一切让人难忘的和值得回想的刹那间都保留了下来，随时都可以让咱们进入一个久期而美好的梦。

咱们一行来到了十渡风景区，该风景区距北京市区约有100公里，素有北方桂林之称。这儿峰峭水曲，风光秀丽如画，沿途有许多秀丽的风光，只因九渡有水上公园，可以供游人荡浆泛舟，所以咱们直截了当地去九渡划竹筏。

来到九渡，我和小雪迫不急待地登上了筏子，拿起了竹竿，等余大爷和父亲登上竹筏后，飞也似的离开了岸。但是还沉迷在想像中的我，被小雪的叫声拉了回来，只听她说：“李楷，竹筏怎样没动呀?”我睁眼一看，本来竹筏并不是像我想像的那样披荆斩棘地离去，而是原地不动，我登时傻了，回头一看，本来缆绳还没有解开。唉，空欢喜一场。

什刹海指前海、后海和西海三个湖泊及临近地区，这里拥有大片优美的湖面，也是北京著名的一片历史街区，众多名人故居、王府等古迹散落其中，还有贴近老百姓生活的各类美食，后海酒吧街更是京城夜生活的老牌胜地。

初到什刹海，第一眼一定被大片潋艳的湖光所吸引。夏天湖边非常清凉，荷花盛开，可以坐船欣赏湖景。沿湖码头不少，有前海的好梦江南码头、荷花市场码头，后海的野鸭岛码头、柳荫争渡等码头，都有游船可以坐。脚踏船、手划船可自个儿玩个尽兴，根据不同船型，船费在每小时40-60元间不等;若是观光摇橹船会带你环湖游览，大约需1个小时左右，船夫还会讲解一下什刹海的景点，和人拼船参考价50元，包船300元左右。到了冬天湖面结了冰，游船便不开了，但可以来欣赏冬景，当冰层达到一定厚度，湖上就会开辟出什刹海滑冰场。入场滑冰成人和儿童都是15元，节假日20元;提供冰鞋、冰上自行车等的租借，都不贵，不过需100-200元的押金。

什刹海周边的古建筑使景区依然保留着老北京特色。有汇通祠、德胜门箭楼、宋庆龄故居及醇亲王府、广化寺、银锭桥、钟鼓楼、郭沫若故居等景点，其中最著名的当属位于前海西街上和珅的宅邸——恭王府。除了一睹清朝贪官和珅的豪宅外，府中藏着的1万多个“福”字据说能给游客带来福气，康熙御笔福字碑更是让游客不惜排长队也要一睹真容沾沾福气的“镇宅之宝”。若有兴趣，还可以拐到烟袋斜街寻访标志着中国近代邮政诞生的大清邮局，在邮局敲几个花纹精美的邮戳做纪念，当然盖邮戳要先购买邮局的明信片。

喜欢随意吃些小吃，可以买一串冰糖葫芦，靠着什刹海的汉白玉栏杆，边吃边看看湖上来往的游船。若要专门寻访北京小吃，可以去宋庆龄故居西侧的九门小吃，在老式四合院中，囊括了十多家北京老字号小吃，酱牛肉、褡裢火烧、涮羊肉、豆腐脑，应有尽有;或者去梅兰芳纪念馆西边的护国寺小吃街，管式翅吧、宫廷奶酪、鞋底火烧，品尝来自胡同的美味;另外，在荷花市场里有家全聚德烤鸭店。

每当夜幕降临，什刹海最热闹的时候便来临了。围绕什刹海的众多酒吧传来阵阵歌声，什刹海的一些酒吧歌手真的唱得不错，酒吧背后有“北漂”一族的故事。摇滚歌手窦唯在什刹海驻唱过3年，据说现在什刹海的餐馆庆云楼就是他开的。烈火麒麟酒吧据坊间流传有个唱许巍的歌很好的歌手，其他比较出名的酒吧有胡同写意、甲丁坊等。去酒吧坐坐，看歌手表演，从歌声中仿佛能听到“北漂”们对音乐的热忱、和对一夜成名的渴望。

什刹海东边靠着南锣鼓巷，南边临着北海公园，与再南边一点的景山公园、故宫、天安门广场离得也不远。一般白天玩故宫或者天安门，晚上到什刹海的酒吧坐坐;若不去故宫、天安门，喜欢湖景，可以北海公园和什刹海一起游玩;若只喜欢逛街吃小吃，可以逛完什刹海去旁边的南锣鼓巷接着逛。

大家好!天坛导游词欢迎来到天马旅行社，我叫张子潇，大家可以叫我小张。天坛导游词今天我将带领大家去距今已有600余年明清两朝祭天的地方，“天坛”。

走进了公园的大门，一股淡雅清幽的花香扑鼻而来，大道两旁的古松是否给您一种庄严的感觉呢?天坛导游词现在我们来到了明清两朝祭天的祈年殿的台基，大家看，经过三层汉白玉铺成的台阶后，展现在大家眼前的是一个直径246米，高38。2米的圆形大殿，这便是祈年殿。看!殿内由16根红色的柱子支撑着。那其中雕有黄金龙的4根木柱便是代表着春夏秋冬四个季节。其余12根没雕有黄金龙的柱子则是代表12个月和12个时辰。中间的圣位是皇帝用来祭天的。大殿是否给您一种庄重典雅的感觉。蓝蓝的琉璃瓦屋顶与蓝天融为一体天坛导游词天坛导游词请在这里拍照留念，我在九龙柏等各位。天坛导游词

穿过了那条汉白玉铺成的大道，我们便看见一棵粗壮。茂盛的大树，这就是著名的九龙柏，它已经活了500余年，被一代一代的皇帝寄托了“至尊”的含义。天坛导游词

接下来，我们去大家熟知的回音壁，大家看，这白色的碧玉十分光滑，就是靠壁来传递声音的。原来此壁传递声音功效很强。但现在已被破坏，声音功效较底。 天坛导游词

游客们，今天的行程已经结束了，很高兴与大家度过了愉快的一天。天坛还有很多美丽的景色，还请您细细游赏。欢迎下次光临，再见!

各位游客：

大家好!

我是快旅游社的导游，我姓陈，大家叫我小陈好了，当然也可以叫我陈导。在接下来的几天中，我将陪伴大家一起游览北京的名胜风景区。希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫有个美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，我们就开始今天的游览行程。

今天我们要参观的故宫，非常雄伟。它占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.5万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙围绕。还有穿52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝有14位，清朝有10位，统治时间共长达五个世纪。

好了，现在大家自己慢慢游玩!注意，大家在游览时不要乱丢瓜果皮。祝大家玩得愉快。

各位团友：

大家好!今天我们游览北京什刹海。

俗话说“先有什刹海，后有北京城”，又被称为“后海”的北京什刹海历来是老北京人休闲娱乐的好去处。因其环境优美，且民俗风韵十足，两百余年来吸引了众多的官宦、名家甚至方外之人来此或修府第，或建庙宇，更为什刹海增添了深厚的文化底蕴。

现而今，北京的都市味越来越浓了，能看到老北京旧时民风的地方也越来越少了，可就在这什刹海，依然能够听到秋日里清脆的虫鸣，依然能能看见老北京四合院建筑群的缩影，依然能够咀嚼京味文化旅游节就要在这里开幕了。“游什刹海，看老北京”，品茗、荡舟、游王府、逛胡同，更有那纯正的京腔京韵，使什刹海大放异彩。

北京故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

共8页，当前第1页12345678

大家好，我是北京国际导游公司的一名导游。我叫关秉政，这天是我和大家一齐来颐和园来旅游的。我们此刻来到了远近闻名的长廊。这条长廊全长七百多米。分成二百七十三间，这二百七十三间的门槛上都有一幅美丽的画，没有那几副上是相同的。

走完长廊我们又来到万寿山脚下，大家看一下山腰上，它上面有一座八角形房顶，房顶上铺着琉璃瓦，那便是佛香阁。佛香阁周围有一座宫殿，那就是排云殿。

此刻大家随我来到了万寿山的山顶，大家往前看，那边的一个湖便是昆明湖。昆明湖上游一座桥，那桥上有十七个孔，又叫十七孔桥。那边是月波楼，有人为他写了一副对联：一径竹阴云满地，半帘花影月笼纱。

好了，这天我们的旅游结束了，祝您情绪愉快。

北京导游词(三)：

亲爱的游客们，这天由我来当大家的导游，我感到十分荣幸。期望在这完美的一天给大家带来快乐。

游客们，此刻我们来到的是长廊，你看它多美呀!红漆的栏杆，绿漆的柱子一眼望不到头，这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。说到这儿，你有点不信了吧，但是这的确是真的，这能表现出多少劳动人民的智慧才修建成这美丽的长廊。

走完长廊，如果大家想到昆明湖中心的小岛上玩，就务必透过一座石桥。这座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥;桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。

颐和园的旅程就到那里了，亲爱的游客们，再见。

故宫导游词3分钟

故宫人对文物及其价值的认识有一个逐步深化的过程，故宫导游词3分钟有哪些呢?下面是的故宫导游词3分钟，欢迎阅读。

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是大伙的导游，大伙可以叫我朱导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作 紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和-谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6 根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人 在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。如一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。厉害!

旅游服务

游览故宫，可以从天-安-门进，也可以由后门----神武门进。进入天安 门，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门----午门。这里城墙 高大，城门楼巍峨壮观，给人以无比威严的感觉，使站在这里的人自己感 到渺小这是古代统治者利用建筑艺术来为增强其帝王威慑力量服务的一个 最突出的例子。穿过午门，又是一个大广场，广场上有一金水桥。过桥经 太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。从高处看，金水桥和流经广场的那条御河，其 形状恰像一把巨大的弓。经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进 入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线 只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看皇帝的卧室(乾清宫)，放置皇帝印玺的地方(交泰殿)，皇帝结婚的新房(坤宁宫)，嫔妃所住的地方(其中 有的已辟为展厅)和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力。 以安排一日游为佳。如有时间，又想看得细些，则可安排二日游。

故宫导游词3分钟2

大家好!我是神州旅游公司的导游，大家可以叫我“小萱”。今天，我将陪大家一起参观故宫。

故宫又名紫禁城，这里宫殿巍峨，楼阁重重，白玉雕栏，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。这座金光熠熠的“宫殿之海”占地72万平方千米，建筑面积15万平方米，有各式宫殿890座，房屋近9000间。

故宫导游词3分钟3

请大家跟着我的脚步，我们面前的就是著名的故宫博物院。好，跨进这个大门，我们就来到故宫到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿，民间俗称“金銮殿”。

它建于明永乐十八年也就是1420xx年，清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建，大家猜猜太和殿高多少，面积多少呢?没错，它高35米左右，面积有2377平方米，差不多有55间教室那么大，由72根大柱支撑着全部重量，是故宫中最高大建筑。你们瞧!里面装饰得金碧辉煌，正中间一个有宝座，宝座并置于6根盘龙金柱之间，以突出帝王唯我独尊的地位。九龙宝座用楠木雕龙涂金而成，可精致了!

故宫导游词3分钟4

大家好!我是你们今天的导游——林导，大家可千万不要叫我领导哦!我只是姓林的导游，哈哈!

我们今天要前往名胜古迹——故宫。在路程中，我就先简单介绍下故宫吧!

古代故宫叫做紫禁城，因是清明两代的皇宫，所以十分高大雄伟，占地面积约有72万平方米。体质弱的客人们，可能没办法把故宫游完哦，希望大家能在车上多休息，争取游遍这72万平方米的故宫。

故宫导游词3分钟5

大家好！我叫陈乐，是大家的导游，大家可以叫我陈导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产——北京故宫。

现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年（公元1460年），厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。我们到了，大家请下车。您看，这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙，都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，金碧辉煌的彩画，。

第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

接下来我们去故宫博物院吧。跟大家说，故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等。故宫博物院里有一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1。5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。

接下来请各位慢慢欣赏故宫。注意有带小孩的家长看好孩子，请大家互相照顾。要保护珍惜文物。祝大家玩得开心，再见！

北京九龙游乐园导游词精选

北京九龙游乐园是十三陵水库综合开发公司与日本株式会社熊谷组于一九八五年合资兴建的，是中国第一家具有迪斯尼特色的综合型游乐园。下面是小编为大家整理的：北京九龙游乐园导游词，欢迎阅读，仅供参考。

北京九龙游乐园导游词

游客朋友：

你们好!欢迎您光临北京九龙游乐园。此时此刻，您已置身于山环水抱的优美画卷中，我将与您一起共度一段美好时光。

为了您更好地参观游览我园，我先向您简单介绍一下游乐园的建设初衷。北京九龙游乐园是十三陵水库综合开发公司与日本株式会社熊谷组于一九八五年合资兴建的，是中国第一家具有迪斯尼特色的综合型游乐园。也许您会觉得疑惑，为什么要将园址选在了十三陵水库呢?优雅的环境，得天独厚的水资源优势，远离都市的特殊地理位置也许就是对您最好的回答。或许您还会问，为什麽要称“九龙”呢?“九”做为中国最大的数字，代表着吉祥、如意;“龙”更是中华民族的精神象征，九龙游乐园正是依托龙文化理念而建，那么真正体现这一特色的游乐项目，当然要数文明遐迩的水下龙宫了，下面我们就去看一看传说中的东海世界吧。

水下龙宫是九龙游乐园的主题游乐项目，它真正建在水库的底部，最大水深可达20米，由此也可看出设计者的匠心独具了。水下龙宫全长600多米，可分为碧海下潜、浅海奇观、珊瑚丛林、深海奥秘、海底历险、水幕仙境、水族迎宾、水晶世界、龙宫宝殿和浪漫归程十大场景。碧海下潜中的旋转隧道是龙宫景观中惊险刺激的一幕，您会感觉到天旋地转，仿佛被巨大的旋涡所包围;水晶世界精彩迷人，既有美丽的珊瑚丛林，又有精灵剔透的小生灵;龙宫宝殿则富丽堂皇，东海龙王会用它特有的双重面孔和朗朗的笑声欢迎您;在回程中，你可尽情领略海底世界的神奇与美妙。不过，游客朋友们，无论您是心有恐惧还是乐而忘返，我都要提醒您这一切都不是真实的场景。水下龙宫汇集了中、日、美三国科技人员的智慧结晶，它借助于现代高科技的声、光、电手段，由计算机全程控制，将先进的游览设备、高水平的机器人制作技术与古老的中国神话传说相结合，才让您产生了如此与众不同的幻觉，我想您一定会不虚此行。为缓解一下您紧张的情绪，下面我带您去看一看水族馆。

水族馆是九龙游乐园的主要观赏项目之一，馆内面积20xx平方米，在展出大厅，环行围绕着巨型水族箱20个，总容水量近300立方米，有腔肠动物、节肢动物、鱼类、爬行动物及数十种水生植物。九龙游乐园的水族馆虽然规模不大，但展出的内容及形式独具特色，同时它也是青少年科普教育的基地，我们非常希望在参观完水族馆后您会认识更多的水族生物，了解更多的水族知识。一进展览馆大厅，您会一眼看到一幅世界地图模型，标有世界各种淡水、海水观赏鱼的分布情况，让您了解馆内鱼类的生活原址。水族馆展出的生物种类丰富多彩，有国家一级保护动物“娃娃鱼”、大型热带淡水鱼“巨骨舌鱼”、红色食人鲳鱼、素有珍稀活化石之称的雀鳝以及软骨鱼类的鲨鱼，还有举世罕见的活珊瑚、色彩斑斓的神仙鱼、“寄人篱下”的印鱼、呆头呆脑的海象鱼、泳姿飘逸的银龙鱼等近千种。如果您还想深入了解有关的水族知识，我们会有专业人员为您做精彩讲解。畅游水族世界之后，我们再去看一看五彩缤纷的蝴蝶展。

蝴蝶的出现可以追溯到2500万年以前，由低等单细胞的原生动物进化而来。自然界中大部分蝴蝶都是益虫，在它们三个月短暂的生命历程中，它们传播花粉、维持生态平衡，将我们的生活装点的多彩多姿。在九龙展出的1000多种蝴蝶标本中，收集了世界各地的珍品蝴蝶，极具观赏和收藏价值。这里有世界上最大的蝴蝶，翅展可达300mm，因此制成一只完美的标本极为不易;产于巴西的幸运“8”字蝶，是世界上唯一有4个“8”字的数字蝶;还有带动物图形的秘鲁猫头鹰蝶、美国猫脸蝶，色彩绚丽的巴西国蝶——天兰闪蝶、属国际濒危动物的皇喙凤蝶、金带喙凤蝶。看过美丽异常的水族世界和举世名蝶后，让我们再去感受一下动感电影带来的超常刺激。

特特乐科幻探险馆的全部设备由美国引进，是代表最新影视科技的蜗轮式动感影院。影院内有50套运动座椅，可供100位游人同时观看。所谓动感电影简言之就是整个系统在计算机的控制下，运动座椅随影片情节上下颠簸、左倾右摇、前扑后仰，逼真地再现飞机升降、水上冲浪、高山滑雪等高难动作，再配以超大银幕和强大的音响效果，使游人有一种身临其境的感觉。目前，正在放映全新动感巨片《冰川疾驰》，该片由美国引进，再现了极地冰川的壮丽风光和惊险滑翔。放松您的心情，让我们一起跨越时光的隧道，去看一看精彩的恐龙世界吧。

恐龙谷是我园近期新推出的大型观赏型游乐项目，它是北京地区首家集博物、科普、观赏、游乐、动感、参与于一体的一座现代新型恐龙乐园。进入恐龙谷内，可见绿树成荫，鸟语花香，人工湖与谷内其他建筑相映成辉，这里完全仿真恐龙生活时代的地貌，好象您已来到了中生代。一路走来，您可依次看到翼龙、沱江龙、恐爪龙、马门溪龙、三角龙、霸王龙等十几种恐龙，它们神态各异、形象逼真、声情并茂，充分再现了侏罗纪时代的恐龙世界。九龙游乐园除了以观赏和惊险项目而闻名外，水上项目更是丰富多彩，妙趣横生。

水上自驾艇、大型游览观光船让您悠然自得，带着自由的心情，观赏秀美如画风景，畅游在湖光山色中，您会不由自主地感叹大自然的神奇与美妙;水上餐船将把您带进诗情画意般的世外桃源，享美味佳肴，看水天一色;急流漂筏模仿的是一个狭长的天然河道，于滢滢碧水间越激流，跨险滩，赏自然景致，穿梭于暴风骤雨中，搏击在惊涛骇浪里，骇然过后的欢欣与喜悦会令您回味无穷，终身难忘;高空速降是勇敢者的运动，借助40米的落差，与索道合为一体，翱翔在蓝天碧水白云间，50秒的高速滑行惊心动魄，别有一番滋味在心头;海马快艇惊险刺激，层层水花迷人眼，你会不由自主的发出一声声无助的惊呼;彩虹飞舟是全新意义的滑道类项目，模仿乡间水车而成，既有高空观光的惬意，又有激流勇进般的超常刺激，平静中孕育激情，激情过后回归自然，这似大喜大悲般的经历令您茫然无措，留连忘返。

最后让我们登上观音岛，看一看游乐园的全景吧。在十三陵水库中央的湖心岛上建有龙宫殿，全高42.5米，为二层、三檐、攒尖顶塔式建筑，以其九边、九柱、九梁、九脊、九角的独特建筑形式闻名海内外。大殿内供奉着一尊多臂观世音菩萨，自1995年由青海活佛夏日冬开光后，殿内香火缭绕，无数善男信女前来参拜，您也可以为您的亲人、爱人和友人祝福祈祷。登上龙宫殿二层，可观赏到整个水库的美景，南瞰九龙游乐园临水餐厅的古典式建筑，西眺明代十三位帝王的皇陵，北望蟒山国家森林公园，东观十三陵水库纪念碑公园，会令您心旷神怡，遐想连篇。

游客朋友们，希望此次旅行成为您美好的回忆，欢迎您再次光临九龙游乐园!

北京西海子公园导游词

西海子公园位于北京市通州区，京杭大运河北端西侧，占地面积210亩，其中水面近80亩。公园最早形成于1936年，扩建于1985年。

公园以它应有的功能和魅力每天接待晨练、娱乐、游览的游客3000多人次，年平均接待游人量达120万人次。儿童乐园位于公园的中心，占地面积5800多平方米，园内有各种电动玩具50余件套，碰碰车趣味无穷，海盗船惊险万分，疯狂老鼠、小猴拉车栩栩如生。每逢节假日，孩子们兴致勃勃地在此度假消遣。水上世界别有一番情趣。当游人从10米高的水滑梯上飞流直下时，可以感受到现代化生活的激情，水上世界是游人消夏避暑和孩子们练习游泳的好场所。一条百米仿古建筑的彩色长廊横跨南北两湖之间，湖水碧波荡漾，游人可乘各种动物造型船在湖中游览观景，南北两湖不但可以划船戏水，还可以为垂钓爱好者提供良好的场所，在寒冷的冬季有兴者可以在宽阔的冰面上练习滑冰。

公园不仅有现代化的娱乐设施，还有保存完好的文物古迹。著名的燃灯佛舍利塔坐落在西海子公园内(相传塔内藏有燃灯佛舍利)该塔始建于南北朝北周宇文氏时期，距今已有1300多年的历史，唐朝以来，历代皇家都有重修，清康熙35年重修的燃灯佛舍利塔，塔高56米，周长38米，砖木结构，密檐实心，八面八角十三层塔上共有2224枚铜铃，清风吹来悦耳动听，古人曾有“一枝塔影认通州”的赞美诗句。燃灯佛舍利塔是古通州的象征。1985年维修该塔时被列为“市级文物保护单位”。

李卓吾先生墓位于西海子公园西北角，掩映在苍松翠柏中，李卓吾(名李贽，号卓吾，1520xx年-1620xx年)明代著名思想家。他博览群书，熟读诸子百家，他敢于揭露道学的伪善，抨击孔孟之道并以独到的见解评价从战国到明末的800多名历史人物，他曾先后出版了《藏书》、《焚书》等巨著。1620xx年他被迫入狱，以死抗争，他的朋友马经伦将其安葬在通州北马场，为使后人凭吊观瞻，1985年扩建公园时将此墓迁至园中。

青山绿水相依，文物古迹互衬，西海子公园环境优美，空气清新。园中共有60多种万余株花草树木，姿态苍劲的古槐已有500多年的树龄，在旧城遗址堆置的假山上建有造型各异的风景亭，登高眺望，园中美景尽收眼底，满园鸟语花香使游客心旷神怡。西海子公园是镶嵌在通州城内的一颗璀璨的明珠。

北京中华民族园导游词

中华民族园坐落在北京中轴线北端亚运村西南。1994年6月18日正式向游人开放

北京中华民族园是京城第一座大型民族文化基地。该园建设旨在展示民族文化传统，增强国民爱我中华的民族意识，促进青少年对民族文化的认知。同时，也在首都为各民族提供一个面向全国和世界的永久性窗口。

全园占地约45公顷，分南北两园。目前试开放的北园占地约20公顷，园内建有民族村寨36个，还有民族博物馆、民族展览馆、雕塑广场以及若干自然景观。北园内有民族村寨16个，建有国内最大的铸铁望以及仿真的热带榕林、水中溶洞、土林、盘龙瀑布、阿里山神木和沧源岩画等。少数民族村寨均采用1：1的比例，亭楼屋寨依山傍水错落有致，按少数民族风格，真实再现出各个民族的文化遗存。

整个公园集民族建筑、文化展示、歌舞表演、体育竞技为一体，是一座露天的少数民族人文博物馆。10多支民族表演队活跃在各个村寨中，进行吹笙、对歌、弹琴、纺纱、蜡染等表演，构成一幅独特的民族风情画。

北京中华民族园的建成，使京城又多了一处别具特色的公园，从而它也成为北京旅游的一个新景点、新热点。许多外国首脑、贵宾和专家，都称赞北京中华民族园正在成为“中华民族活的大百科博物馆”。现在的民族园月月推出新活动，园内设施不断完善。

各位游客们大家好，首先感谢您选择天圣旅行团的北京香山一日游，我是你们的导游，我姓穆，希望大家今天会十分开心哦。好啦，说了这么多，时间也在慢慢地过去，一眨眼间已经到达了香山公园。

接下来，请大家跟我走，让我们一起开始这次“香山一日游之旅”。现在我们来到了香山公园东门，有两条道路供游客们行走，左边的一条是上山的道路，右边则是看景区的道路，由于这次的旅游不包括登山，那么我们就走右边的道路咯。首先直走，就是香山饭店，我相信大家都知道香山饭店吧，那么我就不多说了。香山饭店的前面就是松林餐厅，一会我们要在这里共进午餐。继续往前走是闻名天下的双清别墅，大家跟我往里走，注意!这里毛泽东爷爷的床是一头高一头低的，有趣吧!

香山的景点多得是，现在就是大家自由活动的时间了，我跟大家说几点注意事项：1、请不要随地扔垃圾，吐痰。2、乘坐缆车时请注意安全3、请不要到危险的地方去，谢谢。祝大家玩得愉快

在座的各位好!我是贝儿旅行社的导游员，我叫selina，大家可以叫我小s，在这八天中，我将陪伴大家共同走过北京各个旅游景点。也希望未成年人听了我的讲解，能增加更多知识。

大家好!欢迎你 们来到北京旅游，我先自我介绍一下，我叫赵新，大家可以叫我赵导。我相信这次旅游必将成为一次难忘的旅行。我简单介绍一下行程，我们这次要去的是中外闻名的景山公园，大家下车后请跟我走，以免走丢。

这就是大家盼望已久的景山，景山也叫煤上，他由挖护城河的土堆积而成，这是故宫的靠上。大家看这两只石狮子，仔细看这两只石狮子是很明显的不同，相信有些旅客已经看出来了，这两只狮子，一只踩的是绣球，另一只踩的是小狮子。踩绣球的是公的，踩小狮子的是母的。

大家请一起跟我走，看! 这崇祯自缢处，老北京人管这叫歪脖子树，还有一个历史故事呢，景山东边，原有一个棵长歪了的老槐树，这是崇祯皇帝上吊的地方。明朝末年，李自成带领起义军于1644年3月攻入北京，崇祯3月19日逃到景山，自觉有愧于祖先的基业，用腰带上吊在这棵树之上。十年动乱期间，当成“四旧”砍掉，198年在原址又多移植了一棵古槐。

请大家跟我上山，大家看这座亭子。这座亭子在景山的最高峰，大家往下看，这一非金碧辉煌的宫殿就是故宫，大家站在这可以看见故宫的全景，原来这里是全北京的最高峰，给大家20分钟自由时间，自觉观赏。观赏完大家到这里集合可以买一点纪念品。

我们今天的行程已经接近尾声，欢迎大家再来北京玩。

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

位于鲁迅博物馆院内的鲁迅故居(原为北京市阜成门内西三条21号)，是鲁迅先生1920_年12月购买、1920_年春天亲自设计改建的一座四合院，1920_年5月至1920_年8月鲁迅在此居住，是鲁迅在北京生活的最后一处住所。北京鲁迅博物馆正是在这个鲁迅故居的基础上发展起来的。

1936年10月19日，鲁迅逝世。1936年10月22日，《中国共产党中央委员会、中华苏维埃人民共和国政府为追悼鲁迅先生告全国同胞和全世界人士书》中，提出建立各种纪念设施。第一次明确提出建立鲁迅博物馆的是郭沫若，他在1945年10月19日《新华日报》上发表的《我建议》一文中说：“我建议：应该设立鲁迅博物馆。凡是关于鲁迅的资料，他的生活历史，日常生活状态，读的书，著的书，原稿，译稿，笔记，日记，书简，照片，等等;还有关于他的研究，无论本国的或外国的;都专门蒐集起来，分门别类地陈列。让研究鲁迅者，让景仰鲁迅者的人民大众得以瞻仰。这博物馆可建立于上海，北平，广州。资料可以分别陈列，不能分割的可用照片。……”当天，又有胡乔木、何其芳、戈宝权、司徒慧敏等11人写信给鲁迅先生纪念委员会表示赞同，但在国民党统治下，此建议未能实现。1947年6月，鲁迅原配夫人朱安病故，当鲁迅故居面临国民党劫收的危难之时，王冶秋、徐盈、刘清扬、吴立恒等人通过北平地方法院以“查封”的方式，将这座故居保护下来。

1949年1月北平解放，军管会文化接管委员会文物部王冶秋等同志立即派人查看鲁迅故居，并开始了恢复故居原貌的工作。9月20日，北京市人民政府安排矫庸、李育华两位同志负责看管鲁迅故居，并在许广平的指导下，依照鲁迅生前居住的情况进行了布置。10月19日——解放后第一年的鲁迅逝世纪念日，故居开放一天，接待各界观众参观、瞻仰。

1950年3月，许广平将鲁迅故居及故居内的文物全部捐献给人民政府;文化部文物局从北京市人民政府接管了鲁迅故居;6月，文化部文物局派人将故居内文物清点完毕并报文化部。11月6日，文物局从上海鲁迅故居将鲁迅迅藏书装41箱运往北京，在北京鲁迅故居存放。文化部文物局接管鲁迅故居后，在保持故居原样的基础上，对故居进行了测绘和修缮，并于9月初竣工;10月19日鲁迅逝世14周年纪念日，首都文化界举行隆重纪念会，鲁迅故居开放供群众参观。此后每年10月开放一次，时间在1个月左右(1954年以后，每周开放2至3天)，这种情况一直延续到1956年博物馆建成。

1951年初，王冶秋同志打报告请_为鲁迅故居题名，_在报告上批：请郭老写。后来，郭沫若同志亲笔题写了“鲁迅故居”4个字，镶嵌在鲁迅故居大门右侧墙上。

1954年初，文化部决定在鲁迅故居东侧筹建鲁迅博物馆。1955年9月，文化部召开会议审定建馆设计方案;12月，开始施工。1956年10月19日新馆建成及鲁迅生平展陈列正式对外开放。

1958年底，鲁迅博物馆改归北京市领导。不久又下放归西城区领导。

1961年8月，鲁迅博物馆重新归北京市文化局领导。

1976年元旦起，鲁迅博物馆回归国务院国家文物事业管理局直接领导。

1978年，在鲁迅诞辰100周年前夕，鲁迅博物馆开始第2次扩建，1981年8月竣工，修改后的鲁迅生平展9月开放。

1979年8月21日，鲁迅故居被北京市公布为重点文物保护单位。

1980年3月14日，叶剑英同志为北京鲁迅博物馆题写馆名。

1993年5月24日，鲁迅博物馆新展厅工程破土动工，至1994年9月竣工。1995年11月，新展厅基本陈列《鲁迅生平展览》开始布陈，1996年9月布陈完毕。该展览荣获全国“1997年十大陈列展览精品”奖。

20_年3月，鲁迅生平展进行改陈招标、论证工作。

大家好!我是故宫旅游业的颜剑大家可以叫我小颜导游，我今天要和大家一起去北京有名的景点：故宫。我们今天要去的地方有：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。

我先主要介绍一下故宫：北京故宫，是世界上规模最大、保存最完好的古代皇宫建筑群，是中国古代建筑最高水平的体现。北京故宫，始建于明朝永乐四年(1406)，建成于永乐十八年(1420)，是明清两朝的皇宫，其时称紫禁城，1920xx年始称故宫。从1420xx年明成祖迁都北京，到1920xx年辛亥革命推翻清政府，将末代皇帝溥仪赶出故宫，结束中国历史上封建王朝的统治，故宫一直是中国统治阶级的政治和文化中心，先后经历了24位皇帝。故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，现有建筑980余座，有屋8700余间，故宫四周绕以10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护城河。明清故宫建于北京城的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想，故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，城城包围，显示了森严的等级制度。

历史上，故宫因火灾和其它原因曾多次重建，但基本格局没有改变，整个皇宫建筑分为南部前朝和北部后廷两部分。前朝有太和、中和、保和三大殿，这三大殿是故宫中最高大的建筑物，也是皇帝举行重大典礼的地方，是封建皇权的象征。后廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，左右东西六宫为翼，是皇帝、皇后、嫔、妃居住的地方。前朝后廷，界限分明，不可随便逾越，体现了中国古代传统的等级分明，内外有别的伦理观念。中国的建筑匠师们将如此大规模的建筑规划得井井有条，利用重重得墙门和庭院把故宫有序地组合成壮丽的建筑群。明清故宫的规划和建筑，不仅继承了中国古代建筑的传统，而且有所发展创新，是中国古代文化和中国古代建筑艺术成就的集大成者。其室内外建筑空间的组合、建筑体量大小的搭配、材料的运用、小品的陈设、装饰的制作、色彩的选择都达到了很高的水平，产生了激动人心的艺术效果。

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎来到北京故宫，我叫王嘉一。非常荣幸能为大家提供服务，希望在我的陪伴下，能让您度过愉快的一天。现在让我们一起去领略世界遗产--北京故宫。

故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间。

我们现在站的位置是故宫的太和殿。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三大殿和三大宫。故宫三大殿：太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，是皇帝举行大典的地方;中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方;保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。故宫三大宫：乾清宫、慈宁宫、坤宁宫，是皇帝处理日常政务和帝后及其年幼子女居住的地方。大家游览故宫应注意，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍贵的文物。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，一定要注意保持故宫环境卫生，一小时后在故宫后门集合，请准时哦!。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !