北京故宫的景点介绍作文导游词（精彩20篇）

亲爱的游客,你们好!

昨天,我们参观了美丽的颐和园,今天我们要参观壮观的万里长城.

你们快来看呀!从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关,足有一万三千多里.从北京出发,不过一百多里就来到了长城脚下.这一段长城修筑在八达岭上,高大坚固.城墙顶上铺着方砖,十分平整,像很宽的马路,五六匹马可以并行.城墙外沿有两米多高的成排垛子,垛子上有方行的?磐?诤蜕淇?供?磐?蜕浠饔?城墙顶上,每隔三百米就有一座方行的城台,是屯兵的堡垒.打仗的时候,城台之间可以互相呼应. 站在长城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶着墙上的条石,游客们,你们千万不要忘记古代修筑长城的劳动人民来.单看这数不清的条石,一块就有两三千斤重,要知道,那时没有火车、汽车、更没有起重机,就靠着无数的肩膀,无数的手,一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭.多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧,才凝结成这前不见头、后不见尾的万里长城.

游客们,千里迢迢而来,就是要一睹长城庐山真面目,我们继续加油吧!登上长城最高峰.

四年级上册语文第五单元习作300字——世界遗产导游词

大家好，我是这次的小导游。我姓蓝，大家可以叫我小蓝，希望在我的陪同下大家能渡过这愉快的一天。

我们这次是要去看世界著名的文化遗产——布达拉宫。下面请由我介绍一下布达拉宫。

布达拉宫位于拉萨市中心，是世界著名的文化遗产。

我们现在步行来到了拉萨最宽阔最漂亮的北京中路。大家往下看，我们已经站在了铺着长方形花岗岩的北京中路上。大家看布达拉宫是不是只见一片青绿的草坪后面，横着有一堵高而坚固的围墙呢?围墙后面便是红山及其山顶上的雄伟宫殿。因为底部和东西两岸则为白色，所以人们称作白宫。中间顶部是褐红色，人们称作红宫。一排一排的窗口四处都涂满了黑色，白、红、黑、这三种颜色是不是很漂亮呢?

好了，今天就游览到这，明天我们再来游览布达拉宫的其它地方。

大明湖的风光博得古今中外游人的称赞，而且为大明湖留下了许多名诗佳句，北魏郦道元在《水经注》中写到：“池上有客亭，左右揪桐，负日俯仰，目对鱼鸟，水木明瑟。”十三世纪意大利著名旅行家马可〃波罗在他的《中国游记》中写大明湖：“园林美丽，堪悦心目，山色湖光，应接不暇。”还有近代广为流传的明湖佳句“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”都逼真的描绘了大明湖的美丽景色。在济南的八大景中有四景出自大明湖。(八景：鹊华烟雨、汇波晚照、佛山倒影、明湖秋月?均可在湖上观赏?、趵突腾空、佛山赏菊、饼屏春晓、白云雪霁。)

大明湖有两个独特之处，第一个就是有“久雨不涨，久旱不涸”的特点，因它的水源是济南七十二名泉的泉水，所以水质清洌而且水量充足。

前方那座精巧别致，色彩明快的建筑是“汇波楼”，傍晚登临，霞光满天，映在湖面上别有情趣，这就是济南八景之一的“汇波晚照。”汇波楼始建于元代，下面的这座北水门原为旧城的城门，

1有泄洪排水的作用，大明湖多余的湖水就是从这里流入城外的小清河，最后汇入大海(注入渤海-辽东半岛、山东半岛)。因此大明湖“久雨不涨”的关键就在于此。那么，这座北水门又是谁兴建的呢?说起他来，那可是鼎鼎大名，唐宋八大家之一的曾巩。当时曾巩任齐州知州，爱民如子，颇有政绩，后人为纪念他就在这里修建了一座“南丰祠”，就是左边这一组院落。

大家看，大明湖的全景已尽收眼底了，我们站在北岸，向南可以望见南山苍翠，近观盈盈碧波。沿岸种植了八百余株垂柳，盛夏之时，柔枝点水，婀娜多姿，红莲白荷争奇斗艳，一红一绿相映成趣，可是大明湖中一大盛景，岂不知这碧柳红荷还真有一段婉约动人的“荷柳情缘”呢。传说在很久以前，湖畔有一对青年男女，两人痴心相受，幸福地生活在一起，真是天有不测风云，有一天，一个阔少年路过此地，见姑娘生得美貌，硬要抢了去做妾，姑娘万般无奈，跃入湖中，殉情而死，她作盛开的荷花。小伙子见状，也脱身为柳，根植在湖边，这湖里的红荷绿柳就是他们的化身。他们隔湖相望，只能用轻风来互诉衷肠，但两个人永远永远也不会分离了。

开场白

各位游客，大家好，我是这次负责带领大家游览威尼斯圣马可广场的导游，很高兴在这里认识大家，希望我能陪伴大家度过一次愉快的旅行!

威尼斯介绍

威尼斯是意大利东北部着名的水上都市，城市面积不到八平方公里，却由一百一十八个小岛组成，一百七十七条运河蛛网一样密布其间。城内古迹众多，有各式教堂、钟楼、男女修道院和宫殿百余座，威尼斯的公共活动中心圣马可广场更是旅客口碑叫座的景点之一。

圣马可广场简介

圣马可广场初建于九世纪。马可是圣经中《马可福音》的作者，威尼斯人将他奉为守护神。相传八二八年两个威尼斯商人从埃及亚历山大将耶稣圣徒马可的遗骨偷运到威尼斯，并在同一年为圣马可兴建教堂，教堂内有圣马可的陵墓，大教堂以圣马可的名字命名，大教堂前的广场也因此得名“圣马可广场”。广场入口有两个高高的柱子，一个上面是威尼斯的代表“飞狮”，另一个则是威尼斯最早的守护神圣狄奥多，这里是威尼斯城的迎宾入口。

圣马可广场景点介绍

圣马可大教堂

圣马可教堂不仅只是一座教堂，也是一座非常优秀的建筑，同时这里还收藏了许多丰富的艺术品。它融合了东、西方的建筑特色，从外观上来欣赏，它的五座圆顶仿自土耳其伊斯坦堡的圣索菲亚教堂，结构上有着典型的拜占庭风格，采用的帆拱的构造;正面的华丽装饰是源自巴洛克的风格;整座教堂的平面呈现出希腊式的集中十字，是东罗马后期的典型教堂形制。

四角形钟楼

这座由红砖砌成的钟楼建于十五世纪末期，它高九十七米，是威尼斯城市的纵坐标，也是圣马可广场建筑群空间构图的重心。站在这里，自顶端俯瞰，可以尽情观赏风光宜人的威尼斯城和泻湖全貌，甚至可以远眺美丽的阿尔卑斯山。

圣马可广场上的总督府

又称威尼斯公爵府。始建于九世纪，属于欧洲中世纪罗马风建筑。由于当时威尼斯与地中海东部的伊斯兰国家密切的文化贸易往来，大量阿拉伯人定居威尼斯，所以总督府立面的席纹图案明显受到了伊斯兰建筑的影响。

圣马可图书馆

位于圣马可广场的圣马可图书馆，为十六世纪的建筑，是著名建筑师珊索维诺在威尼斯留下的一个杰作，所以这座图书馆又以他的名字命名。建造时，珊索维诺选择了一个狭长的地带来修建，并采用了和总府邸一样的双层拱廊结构，只是高度上略低一些。这个使用古典式柱子的长长的拱廊，简洁悠远，如今成了遮阴休闲的公共场所。

叹息桥

圣马可广场附近还有一座巴洛克风格的叹息桥。该桥是密封式拱桥建筑，由内向外望只能通过桥上的小窗子。叹息桥的两端连接法院与监狱两处，死囚通过此桥之时，常是行刑前的一刻，因感叹即将结束的人生而得名;是威尼斯最著名的桥梁之一。

结束语

好了，今天大家在圣马可广场的所有景点就介绍到这里，下面是自由活动时间，请大家注意安全!

湘菜系即湖南菜，是以湘江流域、洞庭湖地区和湘西山区等地方菜发展而成。湘江流域的菜以长沙、衡阳、湘潭为中心，是湖南菜的主要代表。其制作精细，用料广泛，品种繁多，其特色是油多、色浓，讲究实惠。在品味上注重香酥、酸辣、软嫩。湘西菜擅长香酸辣，具有浓郁的山乡风味。湘菜历史悠久，早在汉朝就已经形成菜系，烹调技艺已有相当高的水平。在长沙市郊马王堆出土的西汉墓中，不仅发现有鱼、猪、牛等遗骨，而且还有酱、醋以及腌制的果菜遗物。唐宋以后，由于长沙曾是封建王朝政治、经济、文化的重要城市，因而湘菜系发展很快，形成了一套以炖、焖、煨、烧、炒、熘、煎、熏、腊等烹饪技术，成为我国著名的地方风味之一。

湘菜是由湘江流域、洞庭湖区和湘西山区三种地方风味为主组成。湘江流域的菜以长沙、衡阳、湘潭为中心。它的特点：用料广泛、制作精细、品种繁多;口味上注重香鲜、酸辣、软嫩，在制作上以煨、炖腊、蒸、炒诸法见称。同庭湖区的菜以烹制河鲜和家禽家畜见长，多用炖、烧、腊的制作方法，其特点是芡大油厚、咸辣香软。湘西菜擅长制作山珍野味，烟熏腊肉和各种腌肉，口味侧重于咸、香、酸、辣。由于湖南地处亚热带，气候多变、春季金雨，夏季炎热，冬季寒冷。因此湘菜特别讲究调味，尤重酸辣、咸香、清香、浓鲜。夏天炎热，其味重清淡、香鲜。冬天湿冷，味重热辣、浓鲜。湖南菜具有独特的风味，其主要名菜有"东安子鸡"、"组庵鱼翅"、"腊味合蒸"、"面包全鸭"、"麻辣子鸡"、"龟羊汤"、"吉首酸肉"、"五元神仙鸡"、"冰糖湘莲"等数百种。

湘西菜擅长香酸辣，具有浓郁的山乡风味。湘菜历史悠久，早在汉朝就已经形成菜系，烹调技艺已有相当高的水平。湖南地处我国中南地区，气候温暖，雨量充沛，自然条件十分优越。湘西多山，盛产笋、蕈和山珍野味;湘东南为丘陵和盆地，家牧副渔发达;湘北是著名的洞庭湖平原，素称"鱼米之乡"。在《史记》中曾记载了楚地"地势饶食，无饥馑之患"。

欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下!

大湖公园，因野鸭、野鸟、白鹭鸶常在此栖息，故有此别名。大湖公园面对五 指山及忠勇山，原是山间幽静湖泊，1979年因应居民休憩的需要开辟为自然公园。

台北市，冬季吹东北东风与东风，夏季吹西风与东北风，夏秋之际常受台风侵袭。气候大致上温和湿润，年平均温度在23度左右，年平均降雨量在2,000公厘上下。4、5月的春天有梅雨，平均气温在20度上下;5至9月的夏季炎热潮湿，平均气温超过27度以上;10、11月为秋高气爽的秋天，平均气温在23度左右;12月至次年3月则进入冬季，气候湿冷多雨，平均气温低于17度。

最佳旅游时间：四季皆宜。

景观：大湖公园面对 五指山及忠勇山，原是山间幽静湖泊，1979年因应居民休憩的需要开辟为自然公园。公园内有游泳池、儿童游戏区、健康步道、 凉亭、 九曲桥、 拱桥。

我们到了西塘，先到了客栈，放下行李就来到有名的烟雨长廊。古朴的风格，长廊一眼望不到头。这条窄窄的小街是以独特的廊蓬建筑出名的，上面都有着一顶蓬，不用担心风吹雨打。长廊一旁是静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉的小河，偶尔有几艘小船在湖面慢慢地滑过。一旁则是数不清的小店，小店内的商品琳琅满目，样式繁多，吸引了许多游客去选购。

走完长廊，就来到酒吧一条街。哇，这儿好热闹啊!与刚才的烟雨长廊大不相同。酒吧里都放着欢快的歌曲，打着五彩的灯光，华丽极了!

傍晚，我们逛完了酒吧一条街，踏上一座小桥。此时正是夕阳西下的时候，太阳徐徐落下，天空的云都被染红了，云和夕阳的影子落在湖面上，显得波光粼粼。我望向远方，远处的房屋慢慢变小，最终消失在我的目光中。

夜幕降临，我们坐上了历史悠久的乌篷船。船渐渐地划向河中心。晚上，两岸的灯都亮起来了，在夜晚，一盏盏红色的灯笼的光亮格外引人注意。在水中隐隐约约能看见几盏荷花灯，那是人们美好的愿望。这些荷花灯载着大家美好的祝愿飘向远方。

晚上，我们踏着纯洁无暇的月光回家了。

颐和园英文导游词【最全】

颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区十五公里，占地约二百九十公顷，与圆明园毗邻。它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于颐和园英文导游词，希望能够帮到您！

颐和园英文导游词

the tour will take 4-6 hours. the route is as follows:

out side the east gate-side the east gate –in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity- in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building- a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples- in front of the o jade ripples- in front of the yiyunguan (chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the yaoyue (chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor- strolling along the long corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the hall of dispelling clouds- inside the hall of dispelling clouds- atop the tower of buddhist incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense- inside the garden of harmonious interest –outside the south gate to suzhou shopping street- atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.

(out side the east gate)

ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750. at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories. the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong. with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements. in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan (garden of perfection and brightness) by angol-french allied forces. in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace). characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world. this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means garden of nurtured harmony” , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu. the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. all others used the side doors.

(inside the east gate)

the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake .the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters. entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty. this is the gate of benevolence and longevity. above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters. the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden. on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni . it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king. a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin. it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity. this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government. emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them . after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs. in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons. on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire. the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions. on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions. they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs. also on the veranda are tai ping (peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong. as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles. the grand theater building known as the cradle of beijing opera” was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors. there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here. the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages. all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top. a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage. there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface. the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible .of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest. the other two are changyin (fluent voice ) pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort. the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity. it appears that there` s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening. not far away in the lake there is a islet. it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery. the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun (understanding spring) pavilion and is chardcterized by four- edged, multiple eaved roofs.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest. this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes. when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see.. dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see. (in front of yiyunguan (chamber of mortal beings) this was where empress and empress dowager of china` s feudal system. however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty. the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married . in 1912, he was forced to abdicate. during the short reign of emperor puyi. empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager. in 1911, a revolution led by dr. sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year. this group of buildings served as her residence. this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side .the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting . with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat. on the pier there is a tall lantern post. flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace. the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle. at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses. because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals. on the east side of the living room is the cloak room. the bedroom in on its west. in front of the yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor the famed long corridor is ahead. facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate to shizhang (stony old man) pavilion. it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions. in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace .since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions (beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation. thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex. this corridor can also be called a corridor of paintings ”: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams. some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province. others present scenes from literary classics. the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.

(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)

this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua (clarified china) hall ,also known as arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong. the original hall burned down in 1860. after it was reconstructed, it was renamed. qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace. the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn. among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings. there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width. it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region. only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi. it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls. in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges . starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense. all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor. this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.

(inside the hall of dispelling clouds)

the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland. the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room. inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans. on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods. at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers. the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday. on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts. now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace- the tower of buddhist incense. what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height. it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years. so, let` s go !

(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)

an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture. the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs. with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it .the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers .on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge (precious cloud pavilion). it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight. it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail. it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china. lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families. at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad. in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.

(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)

now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island. the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i. e. penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou. this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity. as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands. using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.

(inside the garden of harmonious interest)

setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles. the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this. this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden (garden of ease of mind )at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province. it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811. the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu. empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here. the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape. spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others. the most famous of them is the bridge known as knowing –the fishing-bridge.” it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond. zhang said, ”fish swim to and fro in the water. what happy fish!” hui asked , ”you are not a fish. how do you know they are happy? ” zhuang replied, you are not me .how do you know i don’t know? ” hui signed, i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you . and you are not a fish ,so how do you know that fish are happy? ” zhang said, you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?” although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it .

(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)

now lets have a look at longevity hill. on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures. the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism. this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology. aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor continents. the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon. the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism. to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples. further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street. built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores. it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses. in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here. storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments. the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.

(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)

visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china. as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou. originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong. after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street. the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860. the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began. it was opened to the public in september 1990. with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.

(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)

this is the hall of pines. from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat. the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake. monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it .hence it was named central imperial path. along this path you will see lilacs all around. hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.

(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)

quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous. the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored. this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels. all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases. with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens. emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.

(along the lakeside by the marble boat)

now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front. there is the famous marble boat. this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble. on top of it is a two storeyed structure. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks. the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads. according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty. halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles . the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts. it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing. more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests. (sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat. those who do not can go abroad right away. those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate). (boating on kunmin lake) we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat. as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort. this natural lake is more than 3500 years old. this lake was originally called wengshan lake. in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace. involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing. from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years .involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed. the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat. there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the kunming merry dragon” was the most famous. it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat tai he ” (supreme harmony )was built. this double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high. it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour. small pleasure boats are also available to tourist. another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming (bright view ) hall. both its front and rear face the lake. this structure also features three two- storeyed halls of varying heights. our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore. today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace. i have left other spot of interest for your next visit. i will show you out through the east gate. i hope you enjoyed today` s tour. thank you .good-bye and good luck.

有人问我：“你最喜欢哪处景物?”我会毫不犹豫地回答：“我最喜欢维多利亚港了。”

维多利亚港是香港特别行政区香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港。港阔水深，为天然良港，是亚洲第一、世界第三大海港。还有着“世界三大夜景”的美誉。不管是白天，还是黑夜，维多利亚港都保持着她那美丽的身姿。

清晨，天边露出了鱼肚白，“东方之珠”号客轮的汽笛声打破了清晨的宁静，香港苏醒了，放眼望去维多利亚港的海面上笼罩着一层轻飘飘的白雾，犹如披着一件白纱。

我来到岸边，沐浴着轻柔的海风，海浪轻轻的亲吻着海岸。波光粼粼的海面下，鱼儿自由自在的游来游去，海藻类植物随波逐流。渐渐地，游人多了起来，但还是那么的宁静。

相比于清晨的宁静，夜晚就变得更加热闹和美丽。悠扬的乐器声，游人的谈笑声，轮船的汽笛声，海风吹拂着海水拍击着海岸的声音，完美的融合成一体奏响了一曲和谐的乐章。这时候，如果您来到“星光大道”，就会发现70多位有突出贡献的电影人，在这里留下了他们的签名与手印。

太平山上的灯塔，中环、铜锣湾地区的霓虹灯，灯火璀璨，闪烁的是那么耀眼、那么明亮。“国际金融中心”“中银大厦”“汇丰银行”等高楼大厦鳞次栉比，直入云霄，万家灯火，相互辉映，倒映在海面上，分不清是灯光还是星星，维多利亚港的夜景是多么别致啊!

夜深了，游人渐渐地离去，维多利亚港又恢复了清晨的宁静。这时候，我耳边仿佛响起一首歌“让海风吹拂了五千年，每一滴泪珠仿佛都说出你的尊严，让海潮伴我来保佑你，请别忘记我永远不变黄色的脸……”

维多利亚港，你以无与伦比的容颜永远留在我们心中!

旅客朋友们，大家好!

漫步荫凉的竹林、聆听清脆的水声，我们就到了小石潭。来到这里的柳宗元留下了千古名篇《小石潭记》。

大家看，下面的水潭清澈透明，底部为一块石头，翻卷露出水面的像礁、像屿、像垒、像岩;水中的鱼儿像在空中游一样。

《小石潭记》，全名《至小丘西小石潭记》，是唐朝诗人柳宗元作品，也是《永州八记》中的经典名篇，寄情山水之意尤为明显。该作品记叙了作者游玩的整个过程，以优美的语言描写了“小石潭”的景色，含蓄地抒发了作者被贬后无法排遣的忧伤凄苦的感情。全文不足二百字，却清晰的记述了作者出游、游览、返回的全过程。寓情于景，情景交融是本文的一大特点。

柳宗元的山水游记在中国文学史上具有独特的地位。其中最著名的，是他被贬谪到永州以后写的《始得西山宴游记》 《钴鉧潭记》 《钴鉧潭西小丘记》《至小丘西小石潭记》《袁家渴记》《石渠记》《石涧记》《小石城山记》，这些作品并称为《永州八记》。这些作品，画廊式地展现了湘桂之交一幅幅山水胜景，继承了郦道元《水经注》的传统而有所发展。

而柳宗元的山水游记则把自己的身世遭遇、思想感情融合于自然风景的描绘中，投入作者本人的身影，借被遗弃于荒远地区的美好风物，寄寓自己的不幸遭遇，倾注怨愤抑郁的心情。本文是柳宗元《永州八记》中的第四篇，保持了《永州八记》一贯的行文风格，观察入微，描摹细致。肖其貌，传其神。文章先写所见景物，然后以特写镜头描绘游鱼和潭水，再写潭上景物和自己的感受，写出了小石潭及其周围幽深冷寂的景色和气氛。

《小石潭记》观鱼时写鱼“似与游者相乐”，也折射了作者欣赏美景之初的愉悦的感情。而观鱼后坐潭上，感到风景“凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃”，也是作者抑郁忧伤心情的反映。

听到“如鸣佩环”的流水声就“心乐之”，看到“往来翕忽”的游鱼便以为“似与游者相乐”。但好景不长，很快便感到这些“凄神寒骨”了，心里觉得“其境过清”，就匆匆离开了。这一乐一忧，耐人寻味。这是由于柳宗元参与改革，失败被贬，心中愤懑难平，因此凄苦是他感情的基调，寄情山水正是为了摆脱这种抑郁的心情;但这种“乐”，毕竟是暂时的，一经凄清环境的触发，忧伤、悲凉的心境便会流露出来。

潭水来自西面曲折的小溪，朋友们，让我们静静的感觉这幽静深邃的景色吧。

重庆丰都导游词

丰都是一座依山面水的古城，春秋时称“巴子别都”，东汉和帝永元二年从枳县划出单独设县，定名为“丰都县”，至今已有1900多年历史。下面是第一范文网带来的重庆丰都的导游词，仅供参考。

重庆丰都导游词一：

客朋友们，大家好!我是你们今天的导游，很高兴在这里见到大家。

举世闻名的丰都名山——“鬼城”位于重庆市下游72公里的长江北岸，古称“平都山”，因北宋苏轼题诗“平都天下古名山”而得名。丰都名山系道家72洞天福地之一。名山古刹多达27座;丰都鬼城是集儒、道、佛教文化为一体的民俗文化艺术宝库，堪称“中国神曲之乡”，其惩恶扬善的思想及功用为世人所称道。

丰都是一座依山面水的古城，春秋时称“巴子别都”，东汉和帝永元二年从枳县划出单独设县，定名为“丰都县”，至今已有1900多年历史。从重庆顺游长江三峡的第一个旅游景区。传说这里是人死后灵魂归宿的地方。“鬼城”丰都天下独有，名山上古木参天，寺庙林立，在庞大的阴曹地府里仙道释儒，诸神众鬼盘踞各庙，等级森严，各司其职并以苛刑峻法统治着传说中的幽灵世界。

丰都，自古以来就是文化名城，是中国最有特色，最有名气的历史文化小镇，以其作为阴曹地府所在的丰富的鬼文化而蜚生古今中外。这里流传着许多鬼神传说，《西游记》、《聊斋志异》、《说岳全传》、《钟馗传》等许多中外文学名着对“鬼城”丰都均有生动描述，颇富传奇色彩。

鬼城丰都以其悠久的历史，独特的文化内涵，神奇的传说，秀美的风光和难以替代的观赏价值，不可多得的鬼文化研究载体和独特源泉，向中外游客展现出神秘的东方神韶。

丰都“鬼城”，景点独特，内涵丰富，冠绝宇内。有全国重点风景名胜区，长江三峡景区名胜古迹名山，有国内最大的鬼神动态人文景观鬼国神宫;有国家级森林公园双桂山，还有堪称世界之最的鬼王石刻，中国规模最大、数量最多的汉墓群，惊险刺激的龙河飘流，风景优美的四坪低海拔森林公园休闲度假……按 “鬼城”之说人死后必来丰都报到，而人在生前到“鬼城”走一遍，将有幸饱览奇绝的景观，感触独特的风情，得到一份终生难忘的享受。

丰都县境内主要景观有：丰都名山、双桂山、“鬼国神宫”、“阴司街”，是国内最大的鬼神文化人文景观，也是西南地区最壮观的动态人文景观，这里还有建筑奇特壮观，密集程度大，时代跨度大、文化价值高，在全国实属罕见的汇南汉墓群;有正在施工建设中的树人大鬼石刻，还有低海拔(海拔 380-520米)的四坪森林公园，有三抚原始林场，龙河风景区(溶洞、漂流)等自然景观。

自汉代阴长生、王方平居名山修道成仙之说而讹传“阴、王、”二人为“阴王”，阴间之王居所即为“鬼都”。唐代大诗人李白写就“下笑世上士，沉魂北丰都”诗句，更使鬼城之名远扬。经明清小说的渲染，更加神秘怪诞。

鬼城仿阳间司法体系，营造了一个等级森严，融逮捕、羁押、庭审、判决、教化功能为一炉的“阴曹地府”。惩治生前作奸犯科者。虽阎王判官小鬼只传说虚妄，但其惩恶扬善的社会教化功能用又为人们所称道。

丰都鬼城名山原名“平都山”，因北宋苏轼题诗“平都天下古名山”更名。海拔287.3米，面积0.45平方公里。相传汉代有阴长生、王方平两人曾先后在平都山修道成仙，白日飞升。道家就把这里列为道都的“洞天福地”之一。

至唐代，有人误将“阴”、“王”两姓联缀为“阴王”，于是名山就逐步被传说附会为“阴王”(阴间之王)所居之地，即演变成“阴曹地府”的鬼都了。

并随之陆续建起了许多与“阴曹地府”相关的寺庙殿宇。有哼哈祠、报恩殿、奈河桥、玉皇殿、百子殿、无常殿、大雄宝殿、鬼门关、黄泉路、望乡台、天子殿、二仙楼、城隍殿、九蟒殿等30多座。山上还有苏轼、陆游、范成大等历代名人的碑刻题咏。

名山景区林木苍翠，建筑精美，磐鼓晨钟，江山一脉;朝霞夕照，风光醉人，庙宇殿堂神像森罗，楼台亭阁依山而立;名人骚客流墨遗雅，碑刻诗联韵味隽永。

主要景点有全国最大的民俗文化动态人文景观鬼国神宫，“阴曹地府”塑像群分别模拟人间诉讼、法庭、监狱、酷刑等，构思奇特，神态逼真。山上还有苏轼、陆游、范成大等历代名人的碑刻题咏。双桂山国家森林公园毗邻名山。

鬼城仿阳间司法体系，营造了一个等级森严，融逮 捕、羁押、庭审、判决、教化功能为一炉的“阴曹地府”。惩治生前作奸犯科者。虽阎王判官小鬼只传说虚妄，但其惩恶扬善的社会教化功用又为人所称道。

每年农历三月三“鬼城庙会”，车船爆满，游人如织：“阴天子娶亲”、“城隍出巡”、“钟馗嫁妹”、“鬼国乐舞”等民俗民风游行表演，惊奇谐趣，令人目不暇接，叹为观止。

参观完名山的阴世鬼都之后，人们踏过跨在两山之间的壮观的仿古建筑铁索吊桥--“阴阳桥”，就到了“阳间”双桂山。双桂山高401米，面积约 1平方公里。它风景优美，绿树茂密，流水潺潺，曲径通幽，建有孔庙、鹿鸣寺、苏公祠、玉鸣泉等楼阁泉池。还建有纪念周恩来的“恩来亭”，纪念刘伯承早年在丰都讨袁护国的“护国亭”，纪念贺龙的“贺龙亭”等.

好了，今天我的讲解就到这里，接下来的时间大家可以自由参观，希望大家玩的开心愉快!谢谢!

重庆丰都导游词二：

丰都位于忠县和涪陵之间的长江北岸边，是一座以神奇传说而著称的古城，是《西游记》、《封神演义》、《聊斋志异》等古典名著中所说的“阴曹地府”、“鬼国幽都”。

丰都城的旅游景区主要是两座山，一是名山，二是双桂山。

名山原名“平都山”，海拔287.3米，面积0.45平方公里。相传汉代有阴长生、王方平两人曾先后在平都山修道成仙，白日飞升。道家就把这里列为道都的“洞天福地”之一。

至唐代，有人误将“阴”、“王”两姓联缀为“阴王”，于是名山就逐步被传说附会为“阴王”(阴间之王)所居之地，即演变成“阴曹地府”的鬼都了。并随之陆续建起了许多与“阴曹地府”相关的寺庙殿宇。有哼哈祠、报恩殿、奈河桥、玉皇殿、百子殿、无常殿、大雄宝殿、鬼门关、黄泉路、望乡台、天子殿、二仙楼、城隍殿、九蟒殿等30多座。参观完名山的阴世鬼都之后，人们踏过跨在两山之间的壮观的仿古建筑铁索吊桥——“阴阳桥”，就到了“阳间”双桂山。

双桂山高401米，面积约1平方公里。它风景优美，绿树茂密，流水潺潺，曲径通幽，建有孔庙、鹿鸣寺、苏公祠、玉鸣泉等楼阁泉池。还建有纪念周恩来的“恩来亭”，纪念刘伯承早年在丰都讨袁护国的“护国亭”，纪念贺龙的“贺龙亭”等。

重庆丰都导游词三：

亲爱的游客们大家好!

欢迎来到丰都鬼城。我是来自阴曹地府的导游安娜·栀子妹妹。我绝对不会像香港导游那样气死拿过金牌的运动员。

大家知道，自从有了人以后，鬼就诞生了。可以说，没有女人男人就没有大鬼小鬼;没有老人孩子就没有饱鬼饿鬼;没有好人坏人就没有明鬼暗鬼。有鬼就有人，有人就有鬼。是鬼让我们这个五彩缤纷的世界充满了尖叫、郁闷、恐怖、烦恼、愤懑、颤抖、忧郁和无奈。

所以，我们应该感谢鬼。

若要人不知，除非鬼莫为。

在人间暗地里做鬼事的也都是鬼。

不过，我们今天不谈那些。

大家知道，由于地狱各部门分管领导坚定不移地执行各项方针政策，地狱的建设者们统一了思想，提高了认识，地狱的开发建设已经取得了很大的成就。目前随着物欲横流的突飞猛进，地狱原有的规模已经远远不能适应新时期的需要，为使每一个来到地狱的人都有立足之地，地狱的管理部门本着以鬼为本的指导思想，目前已经完成第三期改造工程。

大家现在看到的就是主体工程的一部分。

亲爱的游客们：按照翰林待诏李白同志的说法，“下笑世上士，沉魂北丰都”，每一个不相信有神存在的人在永远眯上眼睛之后，都要先到这里来报道到。

(游客插话：那不是我们提前来报到了?)

请大家安静!过分的噪音会打搅鬼的睡眠。

现在大家看到的是唯一有“鬼城”二字的牌坊。给大家三分钟留影。回去以后可以在上面题字“某某生前到此一游”。

实话告诉大家，那边比这边更实在。这边的东西不断产生又不断毁灭，而那边的东西才是真实的。

大家请看，这就是传说中的白无常。他的帽子上的字写的是：你也来了。他是在欢迎好人。

请大家注意了，俗话说，七情六欲最难收，争争斗斗何时休，待到气数将尽时，鬼门关前使人愁。好人来到鬼城，死了又还魂，坏人来到鬼城，阎罗薄上注明。好坏天有天的标准，

下面请大家随我进入阴曹地府。在这里可以听听来自地狱的声音：

恶人坏人大家好，到地狱的列车每3分钟开行一趟。还没有购票的丧德的、饶舌的、诽谤的、不孝的、杀人的、放火的、受贿收贿的、贪污浪费的人请抓紧时间用行为换取车票。

其实，因为地狱本来就是存在的，所以，你先来看看地狱的情况大有必要。

(游客发问：有没有人贿赂阎王?)阎王不接受贿赂。要贿赂黑白无常和其他妖魔鬼怪也是不行的，因为他们都经过严格的选拔。首先主动报名，接着是组织部门的明察暗访，经过在地狱里已经期满将转生的那些人的推荐，然后公示。这些人对地狱的记忆是永不磨灭的，况且，他们没有了肠胃功能，也没有七情六欲······

唯一可怕的是，不断有一些鬼从地狱里溜出来冒充人，祸害人间，这一点大家都有知觉的。

下面你们步入的是阴司街。这是鬼散步的地方，对很多人来说，都是在这里明白了要做鬼也不是很容易的事情。

请大家注意一下，看看这里与其他地方有什么不同。

对了，这就是阎王殿的特色：很高的门槛。他的目的就是叫你在低头看路的一瞬间就给阎王鞠了一躬。阎王知道您的到来会非常高兴的。进去你可以烧香，这里烧香的价格是明码实价的。如果您想带回20xx年的阳寿，就进去吧!

亲爱的朋友们，地狱是非常可怕的。地狱的门是为作恶者敞开的。请大家跟我来。

有人会问，“新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭”的情况还存不存在。我仅代表鬼城的管理者告诉你们，这种情况在旧鬼城是存在的，但在目前欣欣向荣的新鬼城随着法制建设的推进，这种情况已经不复存在了!

好了，现在大家看到的是“奈何桥”，这里其实有三座桥，左边是银桥，右边是金桥，中间才是奈何桥。凡是发誓要“生是某家人，死是某家鬼”的女人，一定要拉着您挚爱的男人走过去，那样你们下辈子还有做夫妻的机会。原路返回的时候，您可以选择金桥银桥，也可以走中间的平安桥。

反正随便什么东西都生带不来死带不去。

这里顺便提醒大家一句，钟馗最近到三亚去看比基尼小姐大赛去了，没时间清理孤魂野鬼，大家不要脱离团队一个人跑到旮旮旯旯里去。因为活人没有不怕鬼的。特别是美女，如果撞见色欲鬼，少不得花容失色，梨花带雨!那可不是人间的性骚扰那么简单，

好了，你们的贼船将在10点半开行，请大家抓紧时间进一步了解和熟悉地狱的基本情况，回去以后好向领导和同志们做一个详尽的汇报。一定要把这次参观鬼城的精神带回去，让每一个人在领略鬼城的风采的同时完善自己的人生观和价值观。

顺便提醒大家，鬼城是大家三峡之旅的第一个景点，接下来你们将看到逝去美学价值的三峡，然后不得不忍受厕所的龌龊——比如小便池里溢出的黄色液体，四处可见的垃圾，找你们施舍的假“比丘”，卖一斤土特产品称给你6两的小贩，假的三峡石、假的黄杨木梳，假的人生，因为人生本来就是虚幻的。

不过，我还是祝愿大家旅途愉快!

我今天的讲解就此结束，谢谢大家!

大家一定都知道三亚吧!对!就是那个在中国海南岛最南端的三亚!那个着名的旅游景点。今天，我就和老师同学们一起去三亚领略了它的真谛。这趟旅行不仅使我更加深刻地了解到了三亚的知识与风景点，还被它的优美风景给深深地迷住了。而三亚的落日更是美丽!自从学习了这篇课文之后，情不自禁地就爱上了三亚!更爱它的落日!走，现在我们就走进课文，了解了解它的日落吧!

来到三亚，我就看到了美不胜收的景象!被称为“东方夏威夷”的三亚可真不是盖的呢!

这里的天是那么地蓝，水也是那么地蓝，而白鸥却是那么地白。白鸥在天和海之间自由地飞翔，和天与还形成了鲜明的对比。此时此刻，活跃了一天的太阳开始收敛了光芒。啊，夕阳开始了!

夕阳的过程我都历历在目，老师给我们分了四段：1.收敛光芒。2.慢慢下沉。3.顽皮地蹦跳。4.悄然无声地入水。夕阳先是像一只光焰柔和的大红灯笼，再像饱饮了玫瑰酒似地，醉醺醺地涨溢出光与彩。最后像一个运动跳水员那样入了水。

再美丽的夕阳也是有时间限制的，现在夕阳下沉了，可真是让我看得目瞪口呆，真是对那落日依依不舍啊!临走时还让我流连忘返呢!

举世闻名的长江三峡西起重庆奉节，东至湖北宜昌，全长193公里。三峡是瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡的总称。

瞿塘峡

长8公里，是三峡中最短的一个峡。它应该也是雄伟险峻的一个峡。 端入口处，两岸断崖壁立，相距不足一百公尺，形如门户，名燮门，也称瞿塘峡关，山岩上有“夔门天下雄”五个大字。左边的名赤甲山，相传古代巴国的赤甲将军曾在此屯营，尖尖的山嘴活像一个大蟠桃，右边的名白盐山，不论天气如何，总是迂出一层层或明或暗的银辉。瞿塘峡虽短，却能“镇全川之水，扼巴鄂咽喉”，有“西控巴渝收万壑，东连荆楚压摹山”的雄伟气势。古人形容瞿塘峡说，“案与天关接，舟从地窟行”。

巫峡

在重庆巫山和湖北巴东两县境内，西起巫山县城东面的大宁河口，东至巴东县官渡口，绵延四十五公里，包括金蓝银甲峡和铁棺峡，峡谷特别幽深曲折，是长江横切巫山主脉背斜而形成的。 巫峡巫峡又名大峡，以幽深秀丽著称。整个峡区奇峰突兀，怪石磷峋，峭壁屏列，绵延不断，是三峡中最可观的一段，宛如一条迂回曲折的画廊，充满诗情书意，可以说处处有景，景景相连。

清人许汝龙“巫峡”诗中说：“放舟下巫峡，心在十二峰。”这里群峰竞秀，气势峥嵘，云雾缭绕，姿态万千。

白帝城

重庆市奉节县地处长江三峡西首和库区腹心，东临三峡大坝，西靠重庆，南连张家界，北接西安，是渝东、陕南、鄂西的交通枢纽和物资集散地，幅员面积约为 4099 平方公里，总人口 100 万，是长江三峡国家级风景名胜区的一部分和绝世奇观天坑地缝所在地。

白帝城历史悠久回味无穷，在奴隶社会时期，这一带曾是巴、蜀两国的领地，并于西周武王十一年(公元前 1016 年)建为夔子国。封建社会时期，无论是设县、设州、设路，这里一直都保持着行政和军事的显赫地位。唐时设夔州府，辖十九州县。宋时置夔州路。奉节在周赧王元年(公元前 314 年)建为鱼复县，时我国早期所建县邑之一，距今已有 2300 多年的历史。唐贞观 23 年(公元 649 年)，为旌表诸葛亮“托孤寄命，临大节而不夺”的忠君爱国思想而改为奉节县沿用至今。历史上许多著名诗人李白、杜甫、苏轼、陆游、刘禹锡等都在此留下了许多著名的诗篇，因此奉节又享有“诗城”的美誉。旅游资源得天独厚。

境内有世界最大的小寨天坑、世界最长的天井峡地缝、世界级暗河龙桥河、中国十大风景名胜之一、中国旅游胜地四十佳的长江三峡第一峡的瞿塘峡，有中国历史文化名胜白帝城、刘备托孤的永安宫、诸葛亮的八阵图、瞿塘峡内的摩崖石刻、悬棺群等自然、人文景观，构成了分别以白帝城瞿塘峡和天坑地缝为中心的两大特色旅游区。水陆交通四通八达。准备改线的 210 国道和渝巴高等级公路在县境内纵横交错，并背靠 206 国道、 318 国道、县内通车里程 6000 余公里;黄金水道长江横贯县境 43 公里，港口年货物吞吐量 400 多万吨，居重庆市第二位。四通八达的水陆交通将两大特色旅游区连贯成有机整体，可进入性很强。纵有万管玲珑笔，难写瞿塘两岸山。天坑地缝世界奇，绝世景观任君游。奉节这块旅游热土，随着举世瞩目的三峡工程的落成，正以崭新的姿态，开放的胸怀，宽松的环境，真诚欢迎海内外朋友及有识之士前来投资开发、旅游观光、休闲度假、科研探险。

人人都说，大自然有一双无比巧妙的手，创造了这个奇妙无比的世界。有清澈见底的水，有奇形怪状的峰峦，有惊险无比的崖壁……今天，我来到了“惊、险、秀”于一身的五指石。它位于广东省平原县差干镇。

五指石中的“天道”，走过以后，给人留下的，就只有险、美。走在半山腰的栈道上，头顶是峭壁，脚下是悬崖。走过这一段路，身子要微微倾斜，一不小心，就会碰到峭壁。弯弯曲曲的栈道，悬挂在峭壁的山崖边，让人腿肚子直打颤。

站在栈道上，远眺粤闽赣的旖旎风光，心中不禁感慨：好美!若是在这奇秀风光上披上一层薄雾，就如行走在天上的道路。“虎鲸觅食”一景十分奇丽。半圆的山，就如同虎鲸的头;山上有一个椭圆的大洞，就好似虎鲸的眼睛;悬挂在峭壁上的栈道，就是虎鲸的嘴，栩栩如生。仿佛在浩瀚的大海中，一只庞大的虎鲸正在寻找食物。

还有“妙笔生花”：旁逸斜出的石头好似一支笔，上面的那棵小树的树枝张开呈半圆状，就像一朵花儿怒放。“大象戏水”：一座大山，中间有一条突出的石头，就像是象鼻子，后面就是象身，象鼻微微翘起，似乎是在玩水……栈道在悬崖峭壁间逶迤穿行，从古树掩映的贵妃谷开始并回归。我们下了山，向玻璃栈道前进。

走上玻璃栈道，我的心中打着鼓。迈出步子，踩在全透明的玻璃上，向下看，树叶在半空掩住了下面的道路，给我一种安全感。扶着栏杆，向前看，走到中间的时候，再低下头，脚下的道路我看得一清二楚，也许是站在玻璃的边缘的原因，下面有石块，站在上面我竟不怎么怕!继续向前走，无意间，站到了玻璃中间，我又忍不住向下看去，却觉得那玻璃不存在，就仿佛站在空气上，随时会向下掉。透过脚下的钢化玻璃，是100多米的悬崖，让我心不由得一惊，魂不守舍，腿肚子直打颤，急忙跨上了木栈道。我们大呼过瘾，真是一次心跳之旅!

“春谷彩蝶翩翩，夏桐漫天飞舞，秋枫灿若晚霞，冬梅洁白如雪。”大自然的鬼斧神工把世界打造得神奇美丽，多么可爱的大自然!

龟峰导游词

大家好!我是龟峰景区的导游小张!欢迎大家来到龟峰景区游玩。我们龟峰自古以来就有“三十六峰八大景之说哩”!接下来我就带大家进入龟峰详细了解一下吧。

大家看，我们的正前方就是老人峰!老人峰可谓是龟峰最有特色的景点之一。从不同德角度来看，有四种不同的风韵哩!大家朝正前方看，老人峰是不是酷似一位白发苍苍的老人?呵呵!我们再从左侧看看吧!这时的老人峰多像一个身披盔甲，高昂着头准备出征的将军啊。我们再从右边看看吧，是不是像一个背着竹篓的村姑啊，可仔细看看又像我国的珍惜动物——“大熊猫”!

朋友们现在我们进入到下个景点。你们看看对面的三块大石头像什么啊?是不是很像三只重叠的龟啊?哈哈，这就是龟峰最有名的景点“三叠龟”了。下面我来给大家介绍下“三叠龟”的来历。最上面的那只膘肥体壮，异常的可爱，所以称它为“肥胖龟”。中间那只穿上了大自然为它编织的绿毛衣，故名为“绿毛龟”。最下面的那只龟因为要承受上面两只龟的体重，因此称它为“大力神龟”。传说这三只小龟的妈妈出门很久都还没回来。俗话说“站的高看的远”嘛，三只小龟想早日看到妈妈，就爬上最高的山峰，重叠起来，希望能早日看到妈妈回来。

我们下一站要去的地方就是当年拍《西游记》的一个景点——天女散花。从60米的悬崖上落下来的水花就像一位仙女在空中散花，很漂亮吧。

好了，朋友们接下来的时间是属于你们自己的。你们可以尽情地拍照留念，也可以继续去游览其他景点。我相信龟峰一定会给你们留下深刻的美好的印象，朋友们再见了。

青岛栈桥导游词2篇

青岛栈桥是青岛海滨风景区的景点之一，是国务院1982年首批公布的国家级风景名胜区，也是首批4A级国家旅游区。下文是青岛栈桥的导游词范文，欢迎借鉴!

青岛栈桥导游词(一)

各位游客大家好，欢迎您来青岛观光旅游!

青岛是美丽的海滨城市，是理想的度假胜地。这里山清水秀、风景如画、天蓝海碧、绿草如茵，其海滨风光更是别具一格。下面我们要参观的就是青岛的象征--栈桥。不知道大家有没有注意过驰名中外的青岛啤酒商标，它上面的图案便是栈桥。青岛人以青岛啤酒为骄傲，他们同样也以栈桥为荣。栈桥西南面是新建的中苑广场，东面是与栈桥隔海相望的小青岛，北边是繁华的中山路，他的南面就是一望无际的大海了。栈桥就好像一条长虹，飞旋与这碧波荡漾的青岛湾中。我们漫步在栈桥之上，就如同置身于大海之中，可以充分感受到海的气息和他的宽广伟大。涨潮时，海浪拍打着桥身，使人联想到正乘坐着轮船在海中航行……

我们现在看到的便是栈桥了。它位于青岛湾中，目前全长440米，宽8米， 与市区繁华的中山路成一条直线，由海岸前伸入海。从远处看，它像一条长虹横卧在大海之上。

30年代，栈桥曾被誉为青岛十景之首，青岛市乡二十四景之一，不少文人墨客为之留下诗赋和赞誉，国内外的重要宾客、要员、知名人士在青岛观光时，都要登临栈桥，欣赏海滨风光。2019年包括栈桥在内的海滨风景区，被国家旅游局评为首批AAAA级风景区。

关于栈桥的解释是："凡是伸到海里的简易码头都称为栈桥。"那它为什么又会成为青岛的标志呢?青岛在100多年前是一个小渔村，1891年清政府下诏书在青岛建置。1892年清政府派登州总兵章高元带兵驻扎青岛，为便于部队军需物资的运输， 建了两座码头，一座就是现今的栈桥。该码头原称谓很多，有海军栈桥、前海栈桥、 南海栈桥、李鸿章栈桥、大码头等，长200米，宽10米。另一座位于总兵衙门前方的"衙门桥"长100米，宽6米，亦称"蜗牛桥"。这两座码头都是中国工程师自己设计的， 也是青岛港最早的码头建设。

1897年，德军以演习为名，从青岛湾登陆，武力占领青岛，栈桥成为德军侵占青岛的见证。

德帝国主义侵占青岛后，将原桥北端改为石基，水泥铺面，南端下立，钢制桥架上面铺有木板，并设轻便铁轨，南端仍是铁木桥，桥身延长到350米，仍为军用码头。192019年大港第一码头建成后，栈桥逐渐失去它作为码头的历史使命，开始向游人开放。1922年青岛被中国收回，1931年国民政府出巨资由德国信利洋行承包重建，桥身加长到440米，桥南端增建了半圆型的防浪堤， 并在防浪堤上修建了具有民族形式的二层八角凉亭，亭子由彩色琉璃瓦覆盖，24根红漆柱子支撑，取名"回澜阁"。整个工程至1933年4月竣工。 栈桥从此成为青岛第一景。

建国后，政府多次拨款对栈桥进行维修， 1985年青岛市又对栈桥进行了大规模的全面整修，两侧围以铁索护栏，12对欧式桥灯相峙而立，外铺砌花岗岩石台阶。1998年底至1999年6月市政府再次拨款对栈桥进行了大规模整修，此次维修既达到防风浪、防腐蚀要求，保持原有的风韵，又与两侧护岸设施相匹配，增加了美观效果，使整个桥体焕发了青春。

大家前面走，看前面这座由中国民族风的双层阁楼叫回澜阁。阁顶覆盖着黄色琉璃瓦，周围的亭柱共24根。阁内是双层圆形的厅堂，各中心有螺旋形楼梯。回澜阁与这碧波绿水相互辉映，非常的雄伟壮丽。6秒//早在30年代，飞阁回澜这一景观就被列在了青岛市十大景观之首。

大家看，每个窗都有一框，每个框都可以看到不同的景色，景象画一样嵌在窗中，这就是所谓的“一窗一框，一景一画”。

栈桥是青岛历史的见证，有着一百多年的历史。她身上即刻录了青岛的屈辱岁月，也记录了解放后青岛市的建设与发展。我们现在站在栈桥桥头，沿着这条通往海中的路往前走，如同置身于大海之中，能充分感受到海的气息，体验到海的宽广伟大。碧波拍打着桥面，白云在头上飘过，海鸥在天空中飞翔，游船在海中穿梭，大家在行进中可以看到岸边的红瓦、绿树如同一幅美丽的画卷逐渐展现在我们面前。我们可以充分领略到康有为先生所描写的："碧海蓝天，红瓦绿树"。

前面我们看到的这个沙滩是栈桥海水浴场，它是市区浴场中最小的一个。它与繁华的中山路相邻而且周围环境十分优美，有很多人到此游泳。

看前方的高大建筑，我们首先看到的那座玻璃幕墙楼是山东省国际贸易大厦，它共有39层，地下3层，地上36层，高是118.5米，是90年代齐鲁第一高楼。接下来我们看到的那座高大建筑是青岛的海关大楼，共26层，地上24层，地下2层，139.9米高，是中国北方的三大海关之一，自1997年开始连续五年监管的进出口货运量名列全国第一。

海关大楼前面那座造型奇特的建筑是海上皇宫，海上皇宫是一座集游览、娱乐、演出、餐饮于一体的旅游场所。整座建筑是由几个四分之一的圆体组成的，共6层，地下一层，地上5层，整体用108根柱子支撑，建筑面积1.1万平方米。它以一流的环境，五星级的服务，被列为青岛餐饮特一级就店。

回澜阁对面那座小岛是小青岛，小青岛上因为植被茂盛，郁郁葱葱，看上去一片翠绿因此而得名。大家看它的形状像不像一把琴?水像他的琴弦，风起时，波浪会响起铮铮琴声，所以小青岛又叫琴岛。岛上的那座锥形灯塔是船只进出胶州湾的航标。塔内有水晶棱造的反光镜，可以为进出港口的船只导航。

在小青岛南面还有一座岛，那就是"薛家岛"。它的面积为27平方公里，海岸线长达38公里，并有青岛最长的一个沙滩-"金沙滩"。

大家看到与小青岛仅一水之隔停泊着许多军舰的是中国海军博物馆，它是我国目前规模最大的一处反映中国人民海军面貌的综合性博物馆。现每年接待游客达几十万人之多。

接下来请大家看一下北面那两座高高耸立的塔楼，那就是天主教堂。它高56米，上面的两个十字架分别为4.5米，是青岛地区最大的哥特式建筑，它也是对外开放的一个宗教景点。

与栈桥北端相接的是青岛最繁华的商业街"中山路"。中山路全长1300多米，63座建筑，160多家商场，同时它还是国家确定的全国100个文明示范点之一。

在栈桥的东侧，是泛海名人大酒店。由德国建筑师保尔·弗里德里希设计，为典型德国古典式建筑。

大家看东北方向离我们最近的建筑就是天后宫，是青岛市区现存最古老的有民族风格的建筑群。那时一座集妈祖文化、海洋文化、民俗文化于一体的著名人文景观，现在是青岛市民俗博物馆。天后宫里保留着四大庙会节日：天后诞辰节、天后升天节、清明节庙会及海洋节。那浓郁活泼的海洋民俗风情吸引了众多游人。

栈桥是青岛历史的见证。她身上不仅刻录了青岛的屈辱岁月，也记录了解放后青岛市的建设与发展。就栈桥本身来说，他能在海浪的冲击和海水浸泡下依然屹立于海中，可建造桥的工艺之高。这也体现出中国人民的智慧和技术水平。

好，现在是自由活动时间，大家可以拍照留念。

青岛栈桥导游词(二)

各位团友：

大家好!我们今天游览的第一站是栈桥。栈桥是青岛的象征，是青岛人的骄傲。它位于青岛湾，全长440米，宽8米。20世纪30年代栈桥曾被誉为青岛市内十景之首、青岛二十四景之一，不少文人墨客都曾写下赞美它的诗词，国内外的重要宾客、知名人士来青岛观光时，都要登临栈桥，欣赏海滨风光。驰名中外的青岛啤酒商标便是以栈桥为图案设计而成的。

现在我把栈桥给大家做一下介绍：

[栈桥概况]

栈桥有着一百多年的历史，她既目睹了青岛的屈辱岁月，也见证了青岛的建设与发展。1891年清政府下诏书在青岛(时称胶澳)建置。1892年清政府派登州总兵章高元带四营官兵驻扎青岛，为便于部队军需物资的运输，建了两座码头，其中一座就是现今的栈桥，长200米，宽10米。该码头原称谓很多，有海军栈桥、前海栈桥、南海栈桥、李鸿章栈桥、大码头等。另一座位于总兵衙门前方的“衙门桥”长100米，宽6米，亦称“蜗牛桥”。这两座码头都是中国工程师自己设计的，是青岛最早的码头。

栈桥是当时惟一的一条海上“军用武器供给线”，也就是说，谁控制了栈桥，谁就控制了胶州湾。1897年，德军以演习为名，从栈桥所在的青岛湾登陆，武力占领了青岛，栈桥成为德军侵占青岛的见证。德帝国主义侵占青岛后，于192019年5月将原桥北端改为石基，水泥铺面，在南端钢制桥架上铺设木板，并建轻便铁轨，将桥身延长到350米，仍为军用码头。192019年大港第一码头建成后，栈桥逐渐失去它作为码头的历史使命，开始向游人开放。

第一次世界大战期间，日本从崂山仰口登陆占领青岛后，仍然在这座桥上举行阅兵式，以此证明其对青岛享有“充分主权”。

1922年，青岛被中国北洋政府收回后，中国水兵在此阅兵。

1931年，南京国民政府出巨资由德国信利洋行承包重建，桥身加长到440米。桥南端增建了箭头型的防浪堤， 并在防浪堤上修建了具有民族风格的回澜阁。整个工程至1933年4月竣工。 栈桥从此成为青岛第一景。新中国成立后，政府多次拨款对栈桥进行维修，1985年青岛市又对栈桥进行了大规模的全面整修，两侧围以铁索护栏，12对欧式桥灯相峙而立，外铺花岗岩石台阶。1998年底至1999年6月，市政府再次拨款对栈桥进行了大规模整修，此次维修既达到防风浪、防腐蚀，保持原有的风韵的要求，又与两侧护岸设施相匹配，增加了美观效果，使整个桥体焕发了青春。

2019年包括栈桥在内的海滨风景区，被国家旅游局评为首批AAAA级风景区。

各位团友，我们现在站在栈桥桥头，前面这片水域被称为青岛湾。远处看，栈桥像一条彩虹横卧在大海之中，尽头的“回澜阁”仿佛飘浮在大海之上，有“长虹远引”、“飞阁回澜”之美称。

要领略栈桥的魅力，最好是沿着这条通往海中的桥走进去。走进去，仿佛将自己置身于大海环绕之中，可充分感受海的气息，体验海的浩淼，增强对大海的立体感受。碧波拍打着桥面，白云漂浮在蓝天，海鸥在海天间飞翔，游船在海浪中穿梭，这种美妙的感受，您能只能在此时此地才能充分体味。大家在行进中可以看到岸边绿树掩映、楼台辉映的美景，那又是一幅充满浪漫欧陆风情的城市画卷，正如康有为先生所描写的：“碧海蓝天，红瓦绿树”，梁实秋的“观壮阔波澜，当大王之雄风”。

[回澜阁]

各位团友，现在我们来到了回澜阁，“回澜阁”匾额上的3个字最初是由原青岛市市长沈鸿烈题写的，这个匾额在日本第二次占领青岛期间被掠往日本，放在日本东京陆军博物馆内展出，以显示其侵华战争的“功绩”。现在“回澜阁”三字为著名书法家舒同所写。

此阁为二层八角凉亭，亭子由彩色琉璃瓦覆盖，24根红漆柱子支撑，阁心有螺旋形楼梯，楼上四周为玻璃窗，有“一窗一景，一景一画”之说。我们可以凭窗眺望，全方位地看到美丽的青岛湾和周围的各个景点以及著名建筑。

[栈桥周边景点]

与栈桥在一条南北直线上的这条路是中山路，它是青岛市一条老商业街，有着100多年的历史。德国占领青岛后，为了在后海修建深水码头，于1899年开辟了一条南北连接的道路，这便是中山路的雏形。德县路以南是德国人居住区，命名为“斐迭里街”，德县路以北是中国人居住区，称为大马路，1922年，两条路合并在一起，命名为山东路。1929年，为纪念孙中山先生，又改名为中山路。中山路全长1300多米，63座建筑，160多家商场，同时它还是国家确定的全国100个文明示范点之一。目前中山路也是老市区最繁华的地方之一。这样看来，栈桥成了大海与街市的过渡。它将大海和陆地紧密地连接在一起。

中山路上那座最高的建筑是“百盛商厦”。1998年9月开业。它是国务院批准的首批全国18家合资零售企业之一，由青岛第一百货公司与马来西亚的金狮集团合资兴建，总投资7.8亿元人民币，地下5层，地上49层，建筑面积12万平方米，商场面积5万平方米。在当时被称为齐鲁商业第一楼。

栈桥西边这个沙滩是第六海水浴场，它是市区浴场中最小的一个，与繁华的中山路相邻而且周围环境十分优美，有很多人到此游泳。

在南山文化旅游区以西、南山西南隅、南海之滨，还有个大小洞天风景区，自古以其秀丽、奇特的海景、山景、石景与洞景号称琼崖第一山水名胜。

一、牌坊

进入景区路口立有一个石牌坊。

牌坊上书“南山大小洞天”六个大字;左联书“小洞天、大洞天，听神仙真经千卷，实乃洞天福地”;右联书“不老松、试剑峰，看南海碧波万顷，堪称山海奇观”。

二、大门

景区的大门不太起眼。

洞天，一般指山中较大型的岩洞，有通达天上的洞室。

我国独有的宗教——道教，就是以洞室作为隐居、修炼的场所，道家素有10大洞天，36小洞天和72福地之说。因此，大小洞天风景区，有着明显的道教文化特征。

看，景区大门旁边的一块大石上就刻着“道可道，非常道”6 个大字，这是出自道教的始祖老子(老聃，李耳，太上李老君)的《道德经》。

原文是：“道可道，非恒道;名可名，非恒名”。字面上的理解是：可道之道，非永恒之道;可名之名，非恒久之名。

大小洞天风景区至今仍完好的保留有小洞天、钓台、海山奇观、仙人足、试剑峰等历代诗文摩崖石刻。

三、椰林、椰林吧、椰林车道

进入景区就可以看见电瓶车，起点是大门附近的椰林吧，最后一站是南极仙翁石刻处。

大小洞天的景点就如一颗颗明珠，散布在景区圆弧形的滨海岸边，沿滨海岸有一条椰林电瓶车道与大海相距仅数米。

椰林车道道边设有饮食摊点，方便游人。

在椰林车道左侧，有一片繁茂的椰林，林中建有供游客歇息乘凉、品尝椰汁的亭子，称为“椰林吧”。

在幽草密林间铺设的旅游步道，与电瓶车道并行、交错，与各景点相通相连。

海滨茂密的椰林。

椰林车道。

四、三亚自然博物馆

三亚自然博物馆是中国最南端的唯一的自然博物馆。

博物馆真实展现1.4亿年前的生命世界，主要以恐龙化石为主。

在博物馆周围的草坪上，还有老子骑牛石雕，孔子木雕，东方神木树化石等雕塑。

五、鉴真东渡群塑

公元748年，唐代著名高僧鉴真为弘扬佛法第五次东渡日本时遇飓风，漂流到大小洞天登岸，在此修造大云寺，传播佛教文化。为了纪念这一段千古史话，景区内立有鉴真登岸群雕，展现鉴真及弟子东渡日本历尽艰辛，不畏失败，斗志昂扬的精神面貌。

六、九九归一塑像

鉴真群雕对面靠海的林荫道中，雕着九只形态各异的大灵龟和一只小乌龟，其状栩栩如生，称为“九九归一”，是为纪念1999年12月20日澳门回归而建。

“龟”在道教文化里象征着长寿，这里取“龟”的谐音。

再沿海岸边林荫步道向前，椰林下矗立着一块状如帽子的巨石，巨石上书写着一首优美的现代诗，诗曰：

直到我看见大海

才知道，那飓风

掀起大海惊涛骇浪

直到我看见大海

才明白，那太阳

搅乱海水染成蓝色的海洋

直到我看见大海

才清楚，那海水

来去拍打海岸呼吸欢畅

七、龙王别院

南山形似巨鳖，鳖为龙子，负重载物，定海伏波。当地百姓对鳖敬畏有加，故在南山山脚建“龙王别院”，铸造龙王铜像。

南海龙王高大英武，文武双全，头顶王冠，额生两角，赤发长髯浓眉睿目，双耳垂肩，虎鼻朱唇，龙须横出。身穿龙鳞金甲，肩披龙纹披风，手扶镇海宝剑，足践双蛇，迎风伟坐于海心浪涛之巅。

他，护卫国士，威镇海疆。燮理阴阳，润泽万物，兴风布雨广利天下。给国家带来稳定，给人民带来吉祥。

八、小洞天

沿林荫步道继续前行，过南海龙王别院，但见一块大若房屋、状若海贝的巨石，一面临山，一面负水，周围分布着形态各异、大小不一的岩石，这便是著名的“小洞天”景点，意为神仙居住的福地。

公元1247年，南宋郡守毛奎发现此地并命名。

“小洞天”景观呈牛角形，深28米，洞上巨石如丘，顶上可容数人坐立。巨石正面摩崖石刻大书“小洞天”三字，侧面(靠海面)书“钓台”二字及郭沫若的题诗，“小洞天”、 “钓台”摩崖石刻均为毛奎亲题。

“小洞天”三字摩崖下方，有一天然的洞穴。

进洞时须弯腰弓背才能进入。

进入洞中，看入口，恍若一个心形口。

由洞中坡形梯道可从巨石顶部而出，令人叹为观止。

郭沫若1962年游览时所赋长诗《游崖县鳌山》石刻，诗中将这里誉为“南溟奇甸”。

站在小洞天，眺望海上航标塔。

九、福寿南山

由“小洞天”过电瓶车道，沿登山台阶向上，但见林木掩映处，左边一块碑上红字大书一“寿”字，右边一块巨石上红字大书“南山”二字，中间有一棵翠绿的大树，树下是一块小石卧伏于“南山”巨石之下。

相传左边“寿”字碑为清朝慈禧太后御笔，右边“南山”二字为著名书法家赵朴初书写。

在此景点拍照，需2人或2人以上同时伸出手和脚，正好组成一个人形“比”字，寓意“寿比南山”。

十、“寿”字碑

此寿字传为北宋道士陈抟所书，全国多处景点有此字的碑刻。这个字由人、寿、年、丰四字组成，构思巧妙，寓意寿比南山。十一、南山不老松

再沿登山台阶向上，有一景点称“南山不老松”。

经看介绍得知，这里的不老松实为一种名为龙血树的植物，树龄可达万年，是世界上罕见的长寿树，有植物中的活化石之称，被世界教科文组织列入植物保护名录，是中国二级保护珍贵树种。

三亚大小洞天区域分布着3万株这种形似松而不是松的巨树，株株根树相抱，似一尊尊盘腿而坐的老寿星(最老的至少达五、六千年的树龄)，与这块人寿福泽的宝地共同抒写了“寿比南山不老松”的千古福愿，构成了国内独一无二的自然文化奇观。

十二、海山奇观

十三、石船

沿着曲曲弯弯的山路，在树荫下穿行，忽然，见有一船形石头横卧路边，头尖尾宽，石头上面还真有“石船”二字，系南宋淳熙十三年(1186)，吉阳军周康刻写的。

清康熙年间，崖州训导卢轺曾赋《石船》诗一首，诗曰：依稀一石似扁舟，长泊南山小洞天。风送雨声惊过浪，月移林影讶乘流。中虚不载江湖物，外实无烦斧凿修。借问茫茫名利客，往来频度几时休。

十四、题词

由海岸前行，还有一处题词摩崖石刻，是1993年4月，在海南三亚市视察时的题词：“碧海连天远，琼崖尽是春”。

十五、老子望海

十六、南极仙翁

南极仙翁是中国人心目中的寿星公。

看，一个慈眉善目长髯飘洒胸前、额头高耸的寿星老南极仙翁，手捧一枚硕大仙桃喜笑颜开的坐在那里。

山头上还有一尊依山雕刻的寿星头像也格外醒目。

十七、《观海》石刻

在山脚摩崖石壁上，刻着诗人罗门的一首长诗《观海》，并用红色颜料把字体描红，使游客看得更清楚。

罗门是中国台湾地区著名诗人，祖籍海南文昌。1974年就被印度世界诗学会授予"东亚杰出的勃朗宁夫妇"称号。20xx年再回故乡游览大小洞天时，将他的诗作《观海》赠与景区，景区将他的长诗《观海》刻在大小洞天海角的岩石上。抄录几句：

你饮尽一条条江河，你醉成满天风浪。

浪是花瓣，大地能不缤纷。

浪是翅膀，天空能不飞翔。

浪波动起伏，群山能不心跳。

若放声吟诵，立在天地间，心怀能不跌宕，灵魂能不飞扬?

浪来浪去，浪来浪去，你吞进一颗颗落日，吐出朵朵旭阳。

十八、海湾、海滩

这里蔚蓝的天空，幽绿的大海，婆娑的椰林，以及海浪撞击成形态各异的海岸礁石，组成了独一无二的山、海、石，热带海岸常绿雨林生态景色。

这里，崖州湾弧弦百里，碧波万倾;鳌山云深林翠，岩奇洞幽;海岸遍布神工鬼斧，肖形状物之大小磊群;山海之间宛如一幅古朴雄壮的长卷画图。

Originally the peony is Chinas famous traditional flowers, wild plants, and thorns, mainly from the qinghai-tibet plateau in China, the Yellow River basin, bashan qinling of zhongtiao mountains, shanxi, henan, funiu and MangShan and other regions, the original peony community can be traced back to 3000 years ago.

In luoyang peony cultivation, according to historical records: began in sui and sheng in the tang dynasty. "Name of guilin" in northern song dynasty period "SuiZhi · plain question" in a "qingming festival times 5, peony China". Since sui, peony on the basis of folk culture, begin to enter the royal garden, become a pet palace. In 604 AD, emperor yangdi capital luoyang company, monarch xiyuan weeks in 200, a variety of royal peony peony became the first in the history of Chinese. When tang and song dynasty, luoyang has been in the capital, capital position, cultivation, ornamental peony FengRi sheng. The tang dynasty poet bai juyis "flower bloom 20, if people are crazy" of a city is true portraiture of the situation at that time. Royal today, temples garden, private garden, with the song dynasty neo-confucianism shao yung has written "festival only two world, the world famous heavy luoyang" of a sentence, can want to at that time, the luoyang garden house, the flower of the spectacular. Each to bloom "emperor city spring sunset, cry cry chariots and horses, a total of the peony, hand to buy flowers." Become a beautiful landscape city of luoyang. Poet liu yuxi "but the peony true national color, the blossoms to move the capital" and the song dynasty scholar sima guang "luoyang spring the most prosperous, red and green among 10 m, who is the flower, like the splendid, people will be splendid study group spent." All paint luoyang people eat during tang and song dynasties frenzy.

All is Chinas famous hundreds of flowers, long, enlisted qunfang, but only the peony high grade. It flowers gigantic, wide variety, the myriad of feminine beauty, crown recalled. Concept of "ancient and modern florilegium, more than 360 kinds of beauties, none but with peony comparison. Therefore, known as" the king of flowers ". And the luoyang is located in the central plains, mild climate, rainfall is moderate, suitable for the growth of peony. The song dynasty writer ouyang xiu in luoyang high rank, he enjoyed the luoyang places of interest, have a special liking to the luoyang peony, author of "luoyang peony". His "luoyang ley spent the most appropriate, particularly heaven" peony verse says the luoyang peony growing advantageous natural conditions.

It is said that long time ago, wild peony on MangShan people not expensive, often cut the wood, a young very pity, transplanting it hospital, elaborate care. In a handkerchief, embroidered peony flowers. The young man wondered, was about to ask girls suddenly disappeared. XiuPa, but see a top have a poem: "name of luoyang, Mang range for my home. Are you feeling heavy, spring to see the wonderful work." In the second year spring, the youth was certainly rich gorgeous peony trapped in the home, graceful, from then on he would make a living by planting peony, family became more and more abundant. Point of view, the legendary the epigenetic the luoyang is the earliest "peony growing expert".

Since the tang dynasty, thousands of years, made a number of cultivation of luoyang peony skillful craftsman. Liuzhou, record the recorded: "song single parent, word ZhongRu, poetry, good plant. All peony one thousand kinds, red and white color, people do not know its operation,d called to mount li (li) plant ten thousand copies, individual color, give daughter, imperial secretary call division for flowers." All previous dynasties scholars intone the luoyang peony flow spit relapsed, KuangDai unique appearance of verse. Tang wang also really write the luoyang peony, "peony enchanting disorderly, a country such as crazy do." Great poet bai juyi wrote in a poem "flowers", "ten households in a clump of dark flower, fu", "fan of every acquisition for customs, all in one", the poem says the luoyang peonys precious and peoples love of the peony. It is said that tang tai years, spring, on the day of li han Leon, the temple to watch the peony, asked the painter Cheng Xiu f: "sung today Beijing city peony poems, who headed?" Cheng answer: "in the book scheeren lee cloud: freed national color to the wine, day sweet night dyed garments." Leon listen to praise, he said the luoyang peony "amusement", so the peony has the reputation of "amusement".

Thousands of years, luoyang peony beautiful, various, gorgeous and charming. Ouyang xius "guest said recent years old take specific, often conjure up a hydraulic-powered tree-trimmers" speaks the truth. In the history of sheng peony varieties of up to 119 a. Now has more than 500 varieties, in a nutshell, can be divided into three, nine, ten. Three categories, namely, single head, start and mixed type. This is according to the classification in the number of flowers, flower for single headdress flower, flower for double flowers, three for three peony flowers. Nine color is red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, white, green design and color, such as this are classified according to the color of the peony. Ten type mainly based on what the luoyang peony petals, size, flower arrangement and the morphological characteristics of classification. In the 19th century, British scholar evolution Darwin in his masterpiece "on the origin of species" quoted ecological variation of luoyang peony, as proof of his theory of "evolution". The song dynasty, luoyang yao yao peoples yellow and developing the erros of prime minister Wei Renbo home Wei Zi known as kao, flower after respectively. "Yao yellow one, and the brilliant breath is like cutting". Candidates.if your years, luoyang has pressed the song god yao yellow flower, flower large feet 2 inches, he excited, regardless of the reigns of his identity, and placed it over his head, visible, the emperors obsession in the peony, and from then on famously.

Since the tang and song dynasty, many bookman at a magnificently for peony poem writing, form a plethora of peony culture, and deduces many myths and legends about peony, soft smell things.

Legend, lunar month two years should, xiking changan heavy snow, wu zetian drinking poetry, on an impulse drunk pen write fen book: "swim Ming dynasty garden, rushing harbinger, stamen overnight, mo monring winds to blow." Flowers not this life, open overnight, peony not violations in season alone, shut the core. Wu zetian rage, peony fall out of changan, sent in luoyang, and to the stake. Peony has been the rule, the body such as coke; But branch do not come loose, standing still in the freezing cold, next year when the spring breeze blow, more brilliant flowers, known as "focal bone peony".

Another legend of peony, it is tang clear huang lung-chi lee kai jade bracelet ChenXiangTing vigil changan palace, the "harem of three thousand people, three thousand pet in a" your princess, hearing the luoyang peony has been in full bloom, and the wood in the JinYuan peony is at the end of the bud, then make the imperial secretary drum rush, flowers are still does not open, she was in a rage, will all fall to luoyang peony. Luoyang peony in Tokyo, in a flash, bright flowers branches, blooming together. In fact, with scientific attitude, xi an and luoyang on the same latitude line, but the temperature and humidity are slightly lower than luoyang, luoyang, west across the mountains, and in the MangShan Yang, the chang an early spring. Therefore, generation by Li Baiyou "qingping tune" word "taken two phase huan pour countries, often have the Kings grinned see, explain the infinite hate, dongfeng ChenXiangTing north lean on a railing" flea in jade bracelet, is the imperial concubine bear a grudge, derogatory generation by hyperbole, lifelong grief may not be the volunteers.

These legends show peony jubilant, unwavering in style, it is also the clank iron character of the Chinese nation and integrity.

Since luoyang peony enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, to buy an endless stream, sui and tang dynasties frequent exchanges between China and Japan, luoyang peony spread to Japan, the Japanese peoples distribution of wealth. Neighbor north Korea, South Korea is also widely cultivated in China, then, the americas, Europe, many countries have successively introduced, called the luoyang peony flower "China" or "flower days god". Soldiers in song dynasty, the central plains, luoyang today, peony cultivation, breeding and subsequently fails, moved to the southern city of hangzhou. Jing and bright state, tsaochow people since the law transplant peony, become the new peony resort. Sichuan day peng are luoyang peony famous plant, jiangsu yancheng, since then, luoyang peony throughout China. After the founding of new China, due to the experienced the vicissitudes of life, luoyang peony only more than 30 varieties. In the autumn of 1959, prime minister Zhou Si to luoyang tractor factory, and specifically about the situation of the luoyang peony. Premier zhous concern caused the luoyang city government attaches great importance to, quickly return to expand acreage, one after another in the city park, the peony park; Xiyuan, can garden, open up the peony viewing area, and the new mail mountain national color peony, los pu park formed ten kilometers peony promenade, and built one thousand mu of peony gene pool; The peony as the city flower of luoyang NPC standing committee and was started in 1983 the annual peony show. From then on, the peony everywhere, every family, every day, to more than 500 peony varieties development. Yellow flowers every year, yao, Wei Zi, tsing lung lie the inkwell, drunken beauty peony famous brand, such as the charming attitude, see the flower heads, such as chi, like drunk, like a dream, like magic. Luoyang city park has set a record of every nearly 300000 people a day. Flower stage, residents rushed to view the city, town. Is: "watching flowers peony, everything all forget since I dont know."

With the peony show set each other off becomes an interest is luoyang peony Lantern Festival. Luoyang colored, gu sui, tang, more than 1000 years, has become a big people festival festival custom. In recent years, luoyang lanterns excellent reputation, become one of the three big Lantern Festival in China. Day to watch the peony night view of light, the annual peony show to a climax. Peony Lantern Festival every year, thousands of dye flow xia tao drunk all over the sky stars, wanjiadenghuo shook silent night sky. Such as lights, such as poetry. Painting colorful, make you dont know is oneself or human fairyland. More it is worth mentioning, winter 1994, national campaign "national flower" leadership team through the press candidates spent solution is: a country - the peony flower. At this point, an early nine dynasties rong snow clothe with silver, and luoyang refractory research institute a peony flower bed is a proud timely snow in full bloom, people sell, all without exception. Xinhua news agency and other dozens of news media scramble to report, exclaim, "national flower spread good news, the peony should know the snow laugh" wonders in one hundred.

In recent years, luoyang peony not only out of the country, but also sold to Japan, the United States, France, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese Taiwan regions, the end of the peony "can see cant buy" history. Peony have also made a series of scientific research achievements, the technology has the new breakthrough, basically achieved the "flowers bloom as well, spring to autumn to irrelevant", which laid a foundation for further development of luoyang peony.

Poets in lee ge fei has: "the world of governing revolution, hou to rise and fall of luoyang, rise and fall of luoyang, hou xing in garden waste." Temporal change, things change, all without exception shows people with a philosophy: goodsky flower glory. Today, our country is coruscate gives new vitality, the peony like rosy clouds in the east, adorn the expeditions of the earth. Peony, this eternal soul, telling us hard to think of the Chinese nation as an epic. Luoyang, luoyang peony to dress for the peony. The peony and the ancient capital of blame. Song times flowers, flower pregnant vitality; Luoyang peony is out of the country, go to the world of tie and bridge, peony, is the ancient capital of aesthetic badge, it will accompany the onward march of luoyang, towards a new brilliance.

一、广州概况

(一)地理位置

广州市是广东省省会，广东省政治、经济、科技、教育和文化的中心。广州市地处中国大陆南方，广东省的中南部，珠江三角洲的北缘，接近珠江流域下游入海口。其范围是东经112度57分至114度3分，北纬22度26分至23度56分。东连惠州市博罗、龙门两县，西邻佛山市的三水、南海和顺德区，北靠清远市的市区和佛冈县及韶关市的新丰县，南接东莞市和中山市，隔海与香港、澳门特别行政区相望。

由于珠江口岛屿众多，水道密布，有虎门、蕉门、洪奇门等水道出海，使广州成为中国远洋航运的优良海港和珠江流域的进出口岸。广州又是京广、广深、广茂和广梅汕铁路的交汇点和华南民用航空交通中心，与全国各地的联系极为密切。因此，广州有中国“南大门”之称。

(二)政区人口

广州市辖越秀、海珠、荔湾、天河、白云、黄埔、花都、番禺、南沙、萝岗十区和从化、增城两个县级市,总面积为7434.40平方千米，占全省陆地面积的4.21%。20_年末，广州市户籍总人口806.14万人，比上年末增加11.52万人。其中市区人口664.29万人，县级市人口141.85万人，分别比上年增加9.61万人和1.92万人。

(三)自然条件

地势和气候:广州地势东北高、西南低, 依山傍水, 北部和东北部是山区, 南部是珠江三角洲冲积平原。亚热带季风气候, 夏无酷暑, 冬无严寒, 雨量充沛,四季如春, 繁花似锦。20_年，各区(县级市)的平均年降水量在1800多毫米之间，呈东多西少分布格局，年平均气温在21.5～22.2℃之间。

自然资源:广州市的地质构造相当复杂，有较好的成矿条件。截至20_年，已发现矿产47种、矿产地820处，其中大、中型矿床22处。主要矿产有建筑用花岗岩、水泥用灰岩、陶瓷土、钾、钠长石、盐矿、芒硝、霞石正长岩、萤石、大理石、矿泉水和热矿水等。广州市生物种类繁多，生长快速。其中荔枝有55个品种。增城丝苗米是广州市第一个获得地理标志的保护品种。野生动物约有210多种。

全市水域面积7.44万公顷，占全市土地面积的10%，主要河流有北江、东江北干流及增江、流溪河、白坭河、珠江广州河段、市桥水道、沙湾水道等。广州市大小河流(涌)众多，集雨面积在100平方公里以上的河流共有22条，老八区主要河涌有231条、总长913公里，构成了独特的岭南水乡文化特色。从化一带有丰富的地下温泉,水温摄氏50℃-70℃, 含有丰富的矿物质。粮食作物以优质籼稻为主, 一年两熟。经济作物以蔬菜、水果、花卉等为主。广州是“水果之乡”,主要产荔枝、龙眼、香蕉、菠萝、木瓜、杨桃等。广州的花卉和盆景远近驰名, 以阴生观叶植物、高档盆花、鲜切花、岭南盆景为主。阴生观叶植物占全国市场一半以上,红掌、蝴蝶兰、一品红等盆景已成为全国性的生产基地, 盆景远销欧美等海外市场。

广州山青水秀, 风光旖旎, 旅游资源丰富, 旅游景点100多处,其中以20_年5月18日新入选的羊城新八景(塔耀新城、珠水流光、云山叠翠、越秀风华、古祠流芳、荔湾胜境、科城锦绣、湿地唱晚)等景点最负盛名。20_年，广州旅游业克服全球金融危机带来的影响，全年全市接待游客1.18亿人次，比上年增长6.30%。

(四) 悠久历史

广州是一座有2200多年悠久历史的文化名城。早在公元前九世纪的周代, 这里的“百越”人和长江中游的楚国人已有来往, 建有“楚庭”,这是广州最早的名称。秦始皇33年(公元前220_年)统一岭南后建南海郡(郡治设在“番禺”, 即今天的广州)。公元220_年, 孙权为便于统治,将交州分为交州和广州两部分, “广州”由此得名。直到1920_年成立市政厅, 才特指广州这座城市。

广州又称“羊城”。相传周朝时, 南海飘来五朵彩色祥云, 五仙人骑着五只羊, 各携带一串谷穗降临此处, 赠谷穗给居民, 祝福此地五谷丰登、永无饥荒,留下五羊化为石头。今越秀公园建有以此传说为题材的“五羊石像”。

广州秦汉时就是繁荣都会, 汉唐以来是海上“丝绸之路”的始发港, 也是中国最早对外的通商口岸。

广州是中国近代和现代革命的策源地。著名的三元里人民抗英斗争、黄花岗起义、广州起义均发生在广州。孙中山在广州创办了黄埔军校,曾经三次建立了政权。_在这里创办的农民运动讲习所, 培养了大批革命骨干力量。张太雷、叶挺、叶剑英等在这里领导了轰轰烈烈的广州起义,并建立了广州苏维埃政权“广州公社”。鲁迅、郭沫若、郁达夫等也曾来广州传播先进文化。

广州的文物古迹众多。现有国家、省、市三级文物保护单位共219个, 其中全国重点文物保护单位19个, 省级文物保护单位41个,市级文物保护单位159个。中山四路一带先后发现了秦汉造船遗址和南越国宫署遗址, 其中南越国宫署遗址两次被评为“全国十大考古新发现”。目前,南越国宫署遗址、南越王墓、南越国水闸遗址等三处南越国史迹正联合申报联合国世界文化遗产。

(五) 文化习俗

广州是岭南文化的中心地。粤剧是广州地区最有代表性的地方剧, 享有“南国红豆”的盛誉。流行于粤、港、澳和东南亚等地区。广东音乐源于广州和珠江三角洲,吸纳了中原古乐、江南小调和昆曲等的精华, 与本地民歌、民谣相结合而成。岭南画派是现代中国画派之一。广雕、广彩、广绣驰名中外。粤菜是中国一大菜系, 菜谱上千种,“食在广州”闻名天下。

广州的民间习俗很多, 有迎春花市、龙舟竞渡,、重阳登高、摆年橘、饮早茶等。

广州佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教、_五大宗教俱全, 主要活动场所有六榕寺、三元宫、怀圣寺、石室天主堂、东山堂等。

(六) 华侨之乡

广州是全国著名的侨乡, 华侨人数居全国大城市之首。据统计, 海外华侨华人106.08万人, 分布在世界130多个国家和地区, 港澳同胞87.72万人,归侨、侨眷、港澳眷属156.87万人。广州市从1986年开始, 分12批共授予373人“广州市荣誉市民”称号, 以表彰他们对广州作出的贡献。

二龙喉公园的导游词

位于士多纽拜斯大马路，是澳门最大的公园之一。

初期，公园座落于二龙喉皇宫的范围内，皇宫是一位葡国贵族的住宅，于二十年代期间，因附近一所炮竹厂发生爆炸而受到牵连，整座住宅都被焚毁。现时，这个公园的入口朝向士多纽拜大马路，石门入口就是贵族住宅房子的入口处，旁边还设有一座二龙喉水泉。园内栽种着本土及外国树木，池塘内水鸟聚集，还有一个小小的动物园，风景秀丽如画。 ·南湾公园的导游词 ·玫瑰圣母堂的导游词 ·澳门特别行政区导游词

Suzhou is Chinas important historical and cultural city, the famous scenic tourist city, is also the first Chinese excellent tourism city. Suzhou is located in the middle of the Yangtze river delta, east Chinas largest industrial, financial and trade center of Shanghai, the south zhejiang, west taihu lake, in the north the Yangtze river. Districts with a total area of 8488 square kilometers and a population of 5.839 million people, including 2.124 million people in the city. Now administer, zhangjiagang, changshu, kunshan, taicang, wujiang city, wuzhong district, suzhou city, at pingkiang area, canglang district, gold Chang area, and suzhou industrial park, suzhou high-tech zone. Suzhou in a temperate climate, fertile land, rich products, since the ancient times known as "paradise on earth".

Suzhou is an old city, was founded in 514 BC, more than 2500 years of history, is located on the location of the spring and autumn period, basic maintained a "surface parallel, river street" that face the double chessboard pattern and "small bridge, flowing water, somebody else" of of primitive simplicity style. Within the territory of 487 cultural relics, including national level 15, 101 at the provincial level. In China only the most intact water gates - pan gate is located in the south of the ancient city of suzhou panmen gate scenic spot.

Suzhou is east shuicheng. Water area accounts for 42% of the total area, lakes and rivers dotted, one of Chinas four largest fresh water lake taihu lake, four 5 of the waters within their borders, dongshan, xishan, light blessing, the existing shek wu, yushan, shanghu lake scenic area distribution, meanwhile, the world-famous the beijing-hangzhou grand canal runs through the north and south.

The city of suzhou is a garden. Classical gardens in the city is the treasure of world culture and art, embodied the essence of Oriental gardening art. Now well-preserved classical garden has more than 60 place, Chinas four big gardens, the humble administrators garden, lingering garden two. Humble administrators garden, lingering garden, mountain villa with embracing beauty, master of the nets garden, lion grove, nursery, decoupling garden, surging wave pavilion, scientific park nine classical garden has been UNESCO world heritage list.

It is the birthplace of celebrities.of in suzhou. Literary world in the history of sage, painting, calligraphy, seal cutting, poetry genre. Pingtan, kunqu opera, Su Ju is regarded as a "three flowers" suzhou culture, kunqu opera is a "human oral and non-material heritage representative work"; Suzhou embroidery, k o-ssu, jade carving, clay sculpture, wood carving and {sung} brocade exquisite handicrafts enjoys a good reputation both at home and abroad; Classical architecture, like the ancient temples, pagodas, ancient bridge has a very high historical position.

Suzhou is a model of jiangnan water town, which is representative of kunshan zhouzhuang, jinxi, the mudu wuzhong, Lu straight, wujiang tongli. These ancient town in full, a large number of houses of the Ming and qing dynasties, maintained the original ancient style, water features, folk customs and pastoral scenery, has a high cultural value, social and cultural research value and value in architectural art.

Dedicated to the protection of the ancient city of suzhou, development and utilization, is returning to seven shan in the original historical style and features, mining and finishing around the distribution in ancient village. Built opera, crafts, folk custom, the botanical garden, suzhou embroidery, inscriptions, silk and other 12 museum. At the same time, the comprehensive control on the river, open water travel with distinctive features, and formed a batch of tourism, culture, trade in one of the characteristics of block.

Travel to suzhou, not only can appreciate the extensive and profound of celebrities.of, experience the wonderful hard-currency step one scene, still can enjoy.

大家好!欢迎来到绍兴兰亭参观、指导。

首先，为大家介绍一下绍兴兰亭的概况：想必大家都已知道兰亭是著名的书法圣地，这是因为早在1600多年前，东晋的大书法家王羲之邀请了41位文人雅士来兰亭举行了曲水流觞的盛会，这是一种坐在曲水边饮酒赋诗的活动，在活动中王羲之写下了天下第一行书《兰亭集序》，王羲之由此被尊称为了书圣，兰亭也因此成为了书法圣地，也成为历代书家朝圣之地。千百年来，兰亭原址几经兴废、变迁，所以大家现在看到的兰亭是清·康熙年间根据明·嘉靖时兰亭的旧址重建的，基本保持了明清园林建筑的风格。整个景区积淀了丰厚的文化内涵，概括起来讲兰亭有四大特色，分别是：景幽、事雅、文妙、书绝。

鹅 池

首先，我们看到的第一个景点是“鹅池”。大家可以看到池边真的有几只大白鹅，相传王羲之非常的爱鹅，爱写鹅字，还自己养鹅。在绍兴民间流传着这么一个故事：王羲之有一次在山阴道上散步，碰到一个道士赶着一群白鹅，洁白可爱的样子，王羲之非常喜欢，于是向道士买鹅，但道士早已认出是王羲之，故意不肯卖，而让他抄一本经书作为交换，结果王羲之竟然真的抄了一本《道德经》给道士，换取白鹅高兴而归。由此可见王羲之是多么爱鹅!或许有些人会问：“王羲之为什么会爱鹅呢?”王羲之曾经是这样表述的：鹅高昂着脖子以及全身洁白的羽毛象征了一种清高和洁白无暇的高尚品格，这也是他自身品性的一种写照;同时鹅的体态很优美，特别是游水的时候，对王羲之研究书法很有帮助，他认为握笔时食指高钩如鹅头昂扬微曲，运笔时如鹅掌拨水，把全身的精力贯注到笔尖;他还从鹅游水的体态美演变到了书法的线条美，如《兰亭序》中20个“之”字的写法就是根据鹅的姿态演变来的。所以王羲之非常爱鹅。

我们再看那三角亭下的鹅池碑，这块碑我们称之为“父子碑”。相传王羲之在绍兴做官时，有一次兴致勃勃的写下一个“鹅”字，刚准备写“池”字时，皇帝的圣旨到了，王羲之不得不搁下笔出去接圣旨，而在一旁观看的王献之趁此机会提起笔补写了一个“池”字，于是父子合璧。仔细看还真的不同，“鹅”字显得娟秀挺拔，而“池”字却较为粗旷、豪迈奔放，父子两人的书法风格有所不同。王羲之有7个儿子，王献之最小最有成就，也是著名的书法家，我们称之为“小书圣”。相传他写“池”字时才只有8岁。一会儿我们在接下去的景点中还会了解到关于他的一些故事介绍。

兰亭碑亭

现在我们看到的是兰亭第二个景点“兰亭碑亭”，也是标志性的建筑，建于清康熙年间。碑上的“兰亭”两字，是康熙皇帝的御笔。不过大家可能已经看到了碑上有所残缺，这是因为在文革时期此碑被红卫兵砸成了多块，到80年修复时中间那块却找不到了，所以是经过修补，“兰”字缺尾，“亭”字缺头，留下了遗憾。因为是皇帝的字大家不敢随意加补，只能这样隐约勾出，而且许多民众都喜欢用手去摸这块碑，碑已被摸的非常光滑，所以我们给这块碑取了一个名字叫“君民碑”。

讲到这，许多人可能会问“兰亭”就是指这个亭子吗?其实兰亭并非特指某个亭子，而是一个地名。据记载春秋末期越王勾践曾在兰渚山下种兰花，兰渚山就在兰亭景区后面，春兰的故乡就在兰亭，所以这里有着悠久的种兰历史。到了汉代这里曾设置驿亭，就是传送公文休息的驿站，这驿亭被以兰花命名取名为兰亭，并作为地名流传了下来，至今这里仍有兰亭镇、兰亭村的称呼，当然兰亭还是因王羲之故事而出名的。据统计世界各地建有7个兰亭：北京2个，中国台湾2个，日本1个，宁波1个，加上绍兴兰亭。但是想必大家都知道，绍兴兰亭才是原汁原味的，其它都是仿造兰亭。为什么这样说呢?我们就去看下一个景点。

曲水流觞

现在我们看到的是非常著名的景点：“曲水流觞”。大家可以看到面前有一条“之”字形的曲水，中间这里有一块木化石，上面刻着“曲水流觞”四个字。看上去是非常普通的景点，但它却包含了一段非常著名的典故：东晋永和九年，就是公元353年，农历的三月初三，王羲之邀请了共41位名人雅士，如东山再起的谢安，一代文宗孙绰等，大家围坐在曲水两边，“觞”是东晋时的一种酒杯，他们在酒杯里斟上一点酒让它从曲水上游缓缓漂下来，如果漂到谁面前停住了，谁就要作诗，诗不成则要罚酒三觥(音：公)。“觥”是一种容酒器，一觥相当于现在半斤，当然那时是米酒。在这个曲水流觞活动中共有11个人各作诗两首，15个人各作诗1首，16个人因没有赋诗被罚了酒，而王羲之作了2首诗也喝了不少酒。这次活动共赋了37首诗，汇集成《兰亭集》，大家推荐主人王羲之为这本《兰亭集》写序，王羲之欣然答应下来，趁着酒兴，用鼠须笔和蚕茧纸一气呵成《兰亭集序》，其书既有“飘若浮云，矫若惊龙”之气，又有“龙跳天门，虎卧凤阙”之势，被称为“天下第一行书”;整篇文章气度安详，笔调潇洒，神完气足，也称之为散文史上的千古绝唱。所以兰亭成为了书法圣地。如今每年农历三月初三都要举行“中国兰亭书法节”，每年这时中外许多书法家云集兰亭参加书会，大家来此朝拜书圣，也要在这里模仿王羲之当年举行曲水流觞、饮酒赋诗

的活动，那场景可真是热闹!

流觞亭

“流觞亭”是为进行“曲水流觞”活动而修建的，歇山屋顶、青石台基、木雕门窗、四周环廊，是一座古色古香的清代建筑。亭上匾额“流觞亭”三个大字为清·光绪年间江夏太守李树堂题。再看旁边的这副对联“此地似曾游，想当年列坐流觞未尝无我;仙缘难逆料，问异日重来修禊能否逢君”。这是绍兴著名书法家、兰亭书法会会长沈定庵先生所写，他的老师徐生翁撰文的。

走进亭，抬头还可以看到一块匾额题有5个字“曲水邀欢处”，其中“欢”字很难认，是欢乐的“欢”，繁体字草书的写法，此匾楷书与草书结合在一起较为特别。中间屏风上是一幅扇面作《流觞图》，是绍兴著名人物画家陈力农所创作，描绘出了当时王羲之他们曲水流觞的盛况，惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生。在下面的展柜里，我们可以看到“觞”的样子，它是由青瓷烧制的，旁边有两只小耳朵，所以又称“耳杯”，可以增加一点浮力并保持平衡，当然酒只能盛放少许，不能斟满，否则也是会沉的。我们再来看一下旁边的这几张展柜，里面陈列的是明·永乐年间所刻流觞图的拓片。图片共9张，在这里我们可以清楚的看到当时作诗的情景：“一十一人诗两篇成，一十五人诗一篇成，一十六人诗不成饮酒三觥”。而王羲之在亭中边看着鹅边写《兰亭序》。再看这一张;把人连同所作的诗一起刻下来，而没有赋诗的当然就是被罚酒的，一一对应。大家看，最左边的这人就是王献之，他怎么罚酒了呢?因为当时他还小，身为晚辈他不敢在长辈面前赋诗，因此只有喝酒的份。最右边的这人就是“东山再起”的谢安，他赋诗两首。中间这人就是孙绰，是东晋著名的文学家，他也赋诗两首。

我们再看一看屏风背后的这块木匾，文章内容就是孙绰(也叫孙兴公)的《兰亭后序》全文，但这字是湘潭人杨恩澍所书，他是清·同治年间绍兴府山阴县知事，书法文笔潇洒流畅，评价较高。旁边是中国书协顾问柳倩所书的对联：“曲水绕华筵，兰亭雨露添新色;流觞成雅集，翠竹萧疏忆古人”。

御碑亭

展现在我们眼前的是兰亭最重要的一个景点：御碑亭。亭中的碑我们称之为祖孙碑，因为碑的正面是康熙皇帝于1693年临写的《兰亭集序》全文，碑的背面是乾隆皇帝于1751年游兰亭时即兴所作的一首七律诗，祖孙两代皇帝同刻一碑，所以称为祖孙碑。这块碑已有300多年历史了，很多人不禁会问：“还是原碑吗?”回答是肯定的，“是清代原碑”。当然的确经历了很多劫难，如56年一次强台风，将清代木结构的亭子吹倒，所以现在我们看到的亭子是83年重建的。

但碑没倒，完好无损。而文革时也得以幸存，这要归功于医务工作者。当时，兰亭设立血吸虫防治所，驻扎着医疗队，那些医生们得到红卫兵要来砸碑的消息之后，想保护这块碑，于是想了一个好办法，大家连夜在碑上涂上了石灰，再用红漆在正面写上毛主席的《送瘟神》诗词，背面写上毛主席语录“千万不要忘记阶级斗争”，最高指示在上面，红卫兵们当然不敢砸了，祖孙碑就这样幸存下来。

接下来，就让我们先欣赏正面康熙皇帝临写的《兰亭集序》，这是《兰亭序》临摹本中现存最大的一个刻本。首先我们了解一下这篇《兰亭集序》，全文共324个字，王羲之写的时候是长的28行，而康熙因为竖碑格式变成了竖的13行，这篇文章想必大家也比较熟悉，高中、大学课本和《古文观止》中都有收录，称为书文并茂，属抒情散文，文章分为两部分。前半部分我们一起来回顾一下，时间：“永和九年(公元353年)，岁在癸丑(癸丑年)暮春之初(晚春三月上旬)”。地点：“会于会稽山阴之兰亭”(会聚在会稽郡山阴县的兰亭)，事情是“修禊事也”(修禊是古代的一种风俗，春秋两季在水边举行的祭祀活动，就是曲水流觞的原始意义)。人物“群贤毕至，少长咸集”(既邀请了名士，也带来了儿侄，所以年轻年长的都来了)。“此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水。”(描写当时的景色环境很美)。“列坐其次，虽无丝竹管弦之盛”(列坐曲水旁，虽然没有乐器的伴奏盛况)。“一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情”(但一边喝酒，一边作诗，也足以畅叙内心深情)。“是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅”(天气也很好)。“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛”(抬头看宇宙辽阔，低头看万事万物昌盛)。“所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱”(所以纵览开怀，足以达到了视觉听觉的娱乐)“信可乐也”(实在是高兴啊!)到这里是文章的叙事部分，讲述了曲水流觞的情景。后半部分则为抒情 “夫人之相与，俯仰一世”(人与人之间相处，俯仰之中很快一世就过去了)从这一句就可以看出王羲之悲感人生之短，可谓乐极生悲。整篇文章是一篇优美的抒情散文，当然更主要的是书法，王羲之将他创造的妍美流畅的行书这一字体运用到这一文章中，将自己由欢乐到感伤的情感流露到书法中，同时又是在这天时、地利、人和的情况下创作了《兰亭序》，可谓发挥的淋漓尽致、登峰造极。据说当时他是酒微醉时所写，第二天酒醒之后，多次重写，都达不到初稿的效果了。文章中有20个“之”字，7个“一”字和“以”“不”“为”虽然重复，但写法各不相同。所以兰亭序成为了王羲之的代表作，也奠定了书圣的地位，被称为“天下第一行书”。

让我们再来仔细看康熙的书法，康熙皇帝写得较为严谨，非常工整，显露出一派帝王之风，作为满人能将汉字书法写得如此之好，的确是位不简单的皇帝。我们可以看到其中的“之”字，如第一行、第三行、第四行的“之”及最下面一排的3个“之”写法也是各不相同，可见康熙皇帝临写时是多么认真，当然他也

自认为写得不错才敢竖碑在这书法圣地。不过我还是要补充，有些内行人指出他也有败笔之处，有一个字没有写好，什么字呢?就是这个“一”字。全文共7个“一”，大家可以看看哪几个“一”不好，对了，倒数第三行和第六行上面的“一”字写得特别长，还有中间的这个“一”字又写得很粗，显得特别死板，因为书法上讲究“气意流动，脉络相通”也就是说字词之间要有一股气贯通，一会儿我们就可以看到王羲之的“一”字就非常灵活多变，而康熙皇帝的“一”字缺少变化，较为死板，还又长又粗，把字词之间的气也隔断了，文章布局被间断了，所以这个“一”字没写好。不过也有很多人为康熙解释：有些人说“他可能没喝酒”，有些人说：“笔画越少的字就越难写”。还是金庸先生说得好：“康熙是皇帝嘛，他一统天下，天下第一，当然这个‘一’有着帝王的霸气，又长又粗，他也就不会照着王羲之的写法了。”的确很有道理，康熙的《兰亭序》是有着一股帝王的气魄，包含在书法中，当然风格与王羲之不同，不过能写得如此之好也是非常不容易了。