南京介绍英文导游词(20篇)

Henan, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River incentral and eastern China, is called Henan because most of the area is locatedin the south of the Yellow River. In ancient times, in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yellow River, there were many rivers, dense forests and wildelephants. Henan was vividly described as the place where people led elephants.This is the origin of the pictograph "Yu" and the origin of Henan abbreviated as"Yu". Yugong, the book of history, divides the world into nine states. Yuzhou isone of the nine states in the world, so it is called central plains andZhongzhou.

famous scenery

There are three world cultural heritages in Henan: Longmen Grottoes, YinRuins and historical buildings in heaven and earth. There are 8 National 5Atourist attractions, including Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yuntai Mountainqingtianhe Shennong mountain, Qingming Shanghe garden, Yinxu, Baiyun Mountain,Yaoshan mountain Zhongyuan Buddha, Laojun Mountain Jiguan cave. There are fourworld geoparks: Songshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Wangwu mountain Daimeimountain and Funiu Mountain. 15 national key scenic spots: Songshan Mountain,Luoyang Longmen Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Wangwu mountain, Yuntai Mountain,Yaoshan mountain, Linwu mountain, qingtianhe River, Shennong mountain, Tongbaimountain Huaiyuan, Zhengzhou Yellow River scenic spot.

Best travel time

Henan has a warm temperate subtropical and humid semi humid monsoonclimate. Generally, it is characterized by cold winter, less rain and snow,drought in spring, more sandstorm, hot summer, abundant rain and sufficientsunshine in autumn. The best time to travel is autumn.

regional distribution

Henan Province governs 18 provincial cities, including 17 prefecture levelcities, 1 city directly under the provincial government, 50 municipal districts,20 county-level cities and 88 counties.

History and culture

Henan, known as the Central Plains in ancient times, is the birthplace ofChinese civilization and the Chinese nation. It is the core area of Chinesehistory before Yuan Dynasty. Luoyang (the ancient capital of fifteen dynasties),Kaifeng (the ancient capital of seven dynasties), Shangqiu (the ancient capitalof Six Dynasties), Zhengzhou (the ancient capital of Five Dynasties) and Anyang(the ancient capital of two dynasties) are all famous ancient capitals forthousands of years. The Xia Dynasty successively established its capital nearXiayi (now Shangqiu), Erlitou (now Luoyang) and Yangcheng (now Zhengzhou). TheShang Dynasty established its capital in Bo (todays Shangqiu) and later movedto "Yin" (todays Anyang). During the 4000 years from Xia to Jin, there weremore than 10 dynasties, and more than 200 emperors established or moved theircapitals in Henan for more than 3200 years. During the period of civil strife inChina, Henan was the place where the heroes "fought for the Central Plains". Thename of "China" came from the country whose center was located in the CentralPlains.

“山不在高有仙则名，水不在深有龙则灵”。八仙山不仅有美丽的神话传说，更重要的是这里有优美的自然环境，丰富的野生动植物资源，是国家级自然保护区，国家地质公园，全国科普教育基地、生态旅游胜地。

从旅游观光来看，八仙山景区有供大家观赏的八奇：

一是奇石，八仙山景区内有千奇百怪的石。论类型，有沉积岩、火成岩、变质岩;论年龄，有36亿年的片麻岩，18亿年的石英岩;论分布，有石海、石河、飞来石;论形态，有金龟石、金狮石、金猴石、金雕石、鳄鱼石、青蛙石、鸽子石、将军石、神女石、童子石;论颜色，红黄蓝白黑紫绿等各色石一应俱全;论价值，有科学价值极高的太古界变质岩、元古界的沉积岩，有经济价值很大的含金、银铜铅锌矿的脉石英，有陶瓷工业用的最理想的紫陶页岩等，八仙山真可谓一个“天然奇石博物馆”。

二是奇峰，八仙山景区有峥嵘竞秀的山峰，八仙山是天津地势最高、群峰汇集的地区，900米以上的山峰有19座，其中著名的有天津市最高峰聚仙峰(1052米)、钟鼓峰(995米)、元宝峰(978米)、骆驼峰(960米)，些山峰高耸入云，接连天际，夏秋季节山峰经常是云遮雾罩，难见庐山真面目，特别有趣的是这些山峰随着季节的更替，而变换颜色，春季山花烂漫，夏季翠绿欲滴，秋季红叶满山，冬季银装素裹，一季一景，分外妖娆。

三是水奇，八仙山多年平均降水量达968。5毫米，是华北地区的多雨中心，当地有一年“七十二场浇陵雨”之说。降水多给八仙山带来了生机和灵气，夏秋季来八仙山观水嬉水是一大享受，山崖上瀑布高悬，如彩练当空舞，著名的瀑布有石洞沟红龙瀑布、神水峡玉龙瀑布、庙台沟黑龙瀑布、黑龙潭瀑布、鳄鱼潭瀑布、文燕沟阶梯瀑布等;山脚下泉流涌出，叮咚作响，随处可见，著名的八仙泉，仙姑泉、松花泉、冷水泉等，河谷里激流奔腾，水声隆隆。冬春季节到八仙山石洞沟、庙台沟、文燕沟还可以看到罕见的冰瀑布、冰河奇观，特别是春季山桃花、杜鹃花与冰瀑布为伴的景观，更令人称绝。

荷李活道(Hollywood Road)亦称作荷里活道，位于香港中环至上环，是香港开埠后兴建的第一条街道。名字与美国电影业的好莱坞无关，来自早年荷李活道一带的冬青树(Hollywood)

石板街(即砵甸乍街)由一块块大石板砌成，位于中环荷里活道交界至干诺道中环段，香港的怀旧老街

半山自动扶梯：往来中环至半山区的行人交通系统。垂直差距：135米，免费;在自动扶梯中段，设有八达通卡票价优惠的感应机，刷卡后即可享受当日自湾仔、中环及香港站搭乘地铁，折扣2元港元。

中区警署建筑群：即中环与旧中区警署相关的历史建筑，包括：旧中区警署、域多利监狱、前中央裁判司署

PMQ元创方(英文：PMQ，意思为Police Married Quarters，即已婚警察宿舍)创意中心，位于香港岛上环荷李活道，总楼面面积达1.8万平方米，设有5个门口，20__年6月21日开幕

文武庙：位于荷里活道，创建的历史可追溯至香港开埠初期1891年，庙内奉祀文昌帝及关帝，庙内藏有一件道光27年的铜钟;庙内串串塔香挂满庙宇，是其一大特色。香火鼎盛。 是香港最著名的庙宇之一。

昔日的摩罗上街及乐古道多为海员聚居，附近青楼林立，粉黛三千，龙蛇混杂，现已变成古董和杂货市场。

SoHo荷南美食区：即荷李活道以南的士丹顿街、伊利近街到些利街一带。小街两旁都是雅致小巧的露天餐厅及开放式酒吧，飘着咖啡香的小巷弄里，不仅尝到世界各地美食，还有服装店、生活杂货店、艺术家工作室、画廊、古董店

兰桂坊(Lan Kwai Fong)，位于香港中环区的一条呈L型的上坡小径。聚集大小酒吧与餐馆的中高档消费区，时尚青年和外籍人士聚集地，缘起于20世纪70年代初期

大家好!欢迎四、四班的朋友们游玩趵突泉风景区。今日，我给大家当导游，期望朋友们玩的愉快!

趵突泉主要以观泉、赏鱼、品茶、文化为特点，它小巧玲珑，又古朴典雅。

进了东边的大门，就来到趵突泉公园内，里面绿树成阴，花草茂盛。其中最有名的当属趵突泉，以他为中心所构成的趵突泉群是济南四大泉群之首。

往里走，能够看到漱玉泉、金线泉、卧牛泉等等名泉。

再往深处走，我们来到了举世闻名的边，它有“天下第一泉”的美誉。有许多文人墨客都在此留下了赞美泉水的佳作。

池中有三股泉眼昼夜不停的向外喷涌，还有很多鱼在池子里欢快地游动，它们一会儿沉入水底，一会儿浮出水面。

泉水清澈见底，象碧玉似的，平均每年在十八摄氏度，冬天，水面上泛起一层薄雾，云雾润蒸，带给人们一片仙境，这也是旧时济南八景之一。

趵突泉太美了!说也说不清，期望大家有时间经常到那里细细游赏。

在南山文化旅游区以西、南山西南隅、南海之滨，还有个大小洞天风景区，自古以其秀丽、奇特的海景、山景、石景与洞景号称琼崖第一山水名胜。

一、牌坊

进入景区路口立有一个石牌坊。

牌坊上书“南山大小洞天”六个大字;左联书“小洞天、大洞天，听神仙真经千卷，实乃洞天福地”;右联书“不老松、试剑峰，看南海碧波万顷，堪称山海奇观”。

二、大门

景区的大门不太起眼。

洞天，一般指山中较大型的岩洞，有通达天上的洞室。

我国独有的宗教——道教，就是以洞室作为隐居、修炼的场所，道家素有10大洞天，36小洞天和72福地之说。因此，大小洞天风景区，有着明显的道教文化特征。

看，景区大门旁边的一块大石上就刻着“道可道，非常道”6 个大字，这是出自道教的始祖老子(老聃，李耳，太上李老君)的《道德经》。

原文是：“道可道，非恒道;名可名，非恒名”。字面上的理解是：可道之道，非永恒之道;可名之名，非恒久之名。

大小洞天风景区至今仍完好的保留有小洞天、钓台、海山奇观、仙人足、试剑峰等历代诗文摩崖石刻。

三、椰林、椰林吧、椰林车道

进入景区就可以看见电瓶车，起点是大门附近的椰林吧，最后一站是南极仙翁石刻处。

大小洞天的景点就如一颗颗明珠，散布在景区圆弧形的滨海岸边，沿滨海岸有一条椰林电瓶车道与大海相距仅数米。

椰林车道道边设有饮食摊点，方便游人。

在椰林车道左侧，有一片繁茂的椰林，林中建有供游客歇息乘凉、品尝椰汁的亭子，称为“椰林吧”。

在幽草密林间铺设的旅游步道，与电瓶车道并行、交错，与各景点相通相连。

海滨茂密的椰林。

椰林车道。

四、三亚自然博物馆

三亚自然博物馆是中国最南端的唯一的自然博物馆。

博物馆真实展现1.4亿年前的生命世界，主要以恐龙化石为主。

在博物馆周围的草坪上，还有老子骑牛石雕，孔子木雕，东方神木树化石等雕塑。

五、鉴真东渡群塑

公元748年，唐代著名高僧鉴真为弘扬佛法第五次东渡日本时遇飓风，漂流到大小洞天登岸，在此修造大云寺，传播佛教文化。为了纪念这一段千古史话，景区内立有鉴真登岸群雕，展现鉴真及弟子东渡日本历尽艰辛，不畏失败，斗志昂扬的精神面貌。

六、九九归一塑像

鉴真群雕对面靠海的林荫道中，雕着九只形态各异的大灵龟和一只小乌龟，其状栩栩如生，称为“九九归一”，是为纪念1999年12月20日澳门回归而建。

“龟”在道教文化里象征着长寿，这里取“龟”的谐音。

再沿海岸边林荫步道向前，椰林下矗立着一块状如帽子的巨石，巨石上书写着一首优美的现代诗，诗曰：

直到我看见大海

才知道，那飓风

掀起大海惊涛骇浪

直到我看见大海

才明白，那太阳

搅乱海水染成蓝色的海洋

直到我看见大海

才清楚，那海水

来去拍打海岸呼吸欢畅

七、龙王别院

南山形似巨鳖，鳖为龙子，负重载物，定海伏波。当地百姓对鳖敬畏有加，故在南山山脚建“龙王别院”，铸造龙王铜像。

南海龙王高大英武，文武双全，头顶王冠，额生两角，赤发长髯浓眉睿目，双耳垂肩，虎鼻朱唇，龙须横出。身穿龙鳞金甲，肩披龙纹披风，手扶镇海宝剑，足践双蛇，迎风伟坐于海心浪涛之巅。

他，护卫国士，威镇海疆。燮理阴阳，润泽万物，兴风布雨广利天下。给国家带来稳定，给人民带来吉祥。

八、小洞天

沿林荫步道继续前行，过南海龙王别院，但见一块大若房屋、状若海贝的巨石，一面临山，一面负水，周围分布着形态各异、大小不一的岩石，这便是著名的“小洞天”景点，意为神仙居住的福地。

公元1247年，南宋郡守毛奎发现此地并命名。

“小洞天”景观呈牛角形，深28米，洞上巨石如丘，顶上可容数人坐立。巨石正面摩崖石刻大书“小洞天”三字，侧面(靠海面)书“钓台”二字及郭沫若的题诗，“小洞天”、 “钓台”摩崖石刻均为毛奎亲题。

“小洞天”三字摩崖下方，有一天然的洞穴。

进洞时须弯腰弓背才能进入。

进入洞中，看入口，恍若一个心形口。

由洞中坡形梯道可从巨石顶部而出，令人叹为观止。

郭沫若1962年游览时所赋长诗《游崖县鳌山》石刻，诗中将这里誉为“南溟奇甸”。

站在小洞天，眺望海上航标塔。

九、福寿南山

由“小洞天”过电瓶车道，沿登山台阶向上，但见林木掩映处，左边一块碑上红字大书一“寿”字，右边一块巨石上红字大书“南山”二字，中间有一棵翠绿的大树，树下是一块小石卧伏于“南山”巨石之下。

相传左边“寿”字碑为清朝慈禧太后御笔，右边“南山”二字为著名书法家赵朴初书写。

在此景点拍照，需2人或2人以上同时伸出手和脚，正好组成一个人形“比”字，寓意“寿比南山”。

十、“寿”字碑

此寿字传为北宋道士陈抟所书，全国多处景点有此字的碑刻。这个字由人、寿、年、丰四字组成，构思巧妙，寓意寿比南山。十一、南山不老松

再沿登山台阶向上，有一景点称“南山不老松”。

经看介绍得知，这里的不老松实为一种名为龙血树的植物，树龄可达万年，是世界上罕见的长寿树，有植物中的活化石之称，被世界教科文组织列入植物保护名录，是中国二级保护珍贵树种。

三亚大小洞天区域分布着3万株这种形似松而不是松的巨树，株株根树相抱，似一尊尊盘腿而坐的老寿星(最老的至少达五、六千年的树龄)，与这块人寿福泽的宝地共同抒写了“寿比南山不老松”的千古福愿，构成了国内独一无二的自然文化奇观。

十二、海山奇观

十三、石船

沿着曲曲弯弯的山路，在树荫下穿行，忽然，见有一船形石头横卧路边，头尖尾宽，石头上面还真有“石船”二字，系南宋淳熙十三年(1186)，吉阳军周康刻写的。

清康熙年间，崖州训导卢轺曾赋《石船》诗一首，诗曰：依稀一石似扁舟，长泊南山小洞天。风送雨声惊过浪，月移林影讶乘流。中虚不载江湖物，外实无烦斧凿修。借问茫茫名利客，往来频度几时休。

十四、题词

由海岸前行，还有一处题词摩崖石刻，是1993年4月，在海南三亚市视察时的题词：“碧海连天远，琼崖尽是春”。

十五、老子望海

十六、南极仙翁

南极仙翁是中国人心目中的寿星公。

看，一个慈眉善目长髯飘洒胸前、额头高耸的寿星老南极仙翁，手捧一枚硕大仙桃喜笑颜开的坐在那里。

山头上还有一尊依山雕刻的寿星头像也格外醒目。

十七、《观海》石刻

在山脚摩崖石壁上，刻着诗人罗门的一首长诗《观海》，并用红色颜料把字体描红，使游客看得更清楚。

罗门是中国台湾地区著名诗人，祖籍海南文昌。1974年就被印度世界诗学会授予"东亚杰出的勃朗宁夫妇"称号。20xx年再回故乡游览大小洞天时，将他的诗作《观海》赠与景区，景区将他的长诗《观海》刻在大小洞天海角的岩石上。抄录几句：

你饮尽一条条江河，你醉成满天风浪。

浪是花瓣，大地能不缤纷。

浪是翅膀，天空能不飞翔。

浪波动起伏，群山能不心跳。

若放声吟诵，立在天地间，心怀能不跌宕，灵魂能不飞扬?

浪来浪去，浪来浪去，你吞进一颗颗落日，吐出朵朵旭阳。

十八、海湾、海滩

这里蔚蓝的天空，幽绿的大海，婆娑的椰林，以及海浪撞击成形态各异的海岸礁石，组成了独一无二的山、海、石，热带海岸常绿雨林生态景色。

这里，崖州湾弧弦百里，碧波万倾;鳌山云深林翠，岩奇洞幽;海岸遍布神工鬼斧，肖形状物之大小磊群;山海之间宛如一幅古朴雄壮的长卷画图。

怀圣寺在市区光塔路，内有光塔，又称光塔寺。是公元七世纪伊斯兰教传入中国后最早兴建的古清真寺之一。相传在一千三百多年前，伊斯兰教的创始人穆罕默德派他的母舅阿布?宛葛素前来广州，把伊斯兰教传入中国。

怀圣寺就是怀念伊斯兰教创始人穆罕默德之意。寺内设有教长室、藏经室，礼拜大殿和专供洗礼的水房。教徒们常在星期五“主麻日”和伊斯兰教节日前来聚礼。广州交易会期间，许多阿拉伯商人前来做礼拜。

光塔高三十六米余，它的圆形塔身、笔尖形的塔尖显示了阿拉伯特有的建筑风格。在每次礼拜前，就有人登上塔顶高喊“邦克”，招呼伊斯兰教徒快来做礼拜，故该塔最初叫“邦克塔”。当时阿拉伯教徒常在晚上登塔点灯，为阿拉伯船舶指引航向。

济南三大名胜之一的大明湖，被誉为泉城明珠。古今名士来此观光，无不折服，即景生情，留下许多脍炙人口的楹联诗文，或镌于碑碣坊柱，或悬于楼台亭阁，或嵌于殿堂庭院。当你品读这些楹联诗文后，定会对济南博大精深的文化内涵有更深刻的理解。

就志书所载和现已悬挂的来看，大明湖楹联就有100余副，以清朝、民国、当代为多，其他各代也有，但多为集句。这些楹联品位颇高，多出自大家之手，诸如清初文坛盟主王士祯，乾隆进士书法家铁保，翰林院编修刘凤诰，楹联大家梁章钜，著名书画家郑板桥，乾隆进士孙星衍，著名书法家何绍基，道光进士紫阳院院长俞樾，《老残游记》作者刘鹗，以及当代书法家于右任、文学家郭沫若、诗人臧克家等。

大明湖楹联多为园林风景名胜楹联，联文大有诗情画意、飘逸安闲之感，与典雅别致的园林风格相吻合。同时，大都运用与胜迹相关的历史故实，写景喻今，颇富哲理，给人启迪。其中，小沧浪亭院内西廊，嵌有石刻楹联一副，曰“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”，尤被人称颂。此联正如刘鹗所讲，“尽画了大明湖的绝景”。“和风飞清响，时鸟多好音”一联，原挂在遐园内竹篱小门上，行书木刻，国民党元老于右任撰书，意境鲜活，韵味无穷。历下亭为历代骚客雅聚之地，所留楹联甚多，原亭悬联：“胜景画图开，忆老杜当年，豪气纵横倾北海;酒痕襟袖满，自杭州至此，风光明媚似西湖”。此联既凭吊了古人，又赞美了大明湖的风光。大明湖北岸的北极阁居高临下，远山近水，一览无余。阁内曾挂一联：“出门一瞧，数十里图画屏风，请看些梵宇僧楼，与丹枫翠柏相间，红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿;归台再想，几千年江山人物，回溯那朱门黄阁，和茅屋蓬扉接壤，名者争名，利者争利，圣者益圣，庸者愈庸”。此联既描写了远近风景，又抒发了作者对大千世界、人生历程的感叹。

大明湖还有不少的祠庙联。这些楹联以简洁中肯的文字，概括了祠主人的功过、业绩及历史地位。铁公祠，用以祭祀明朝兵部尚书铁铉，原悬联：“功让王文成，河山再造：祠比于忠肃，湖水双清。”王文成即明朝两广总督王守仁，于忠肃即明朝著名将领于谦。南丰祠，为纪念北宋齐州(济南)知州曾巩而建，祠堂悬联：“北宋一灯传作者，南丰两字属先生”。此联主要写曾巩的文学成就，将其喻为文学之灯，甚为贴切。稼轩祠，纪念南宋爱国词人、抗金英雄辛弃疾，郭沫若为祠堂写了楹联：“铁板铜琶，继东坡高唱大江东去;美芹悲黍，冀南宋莫随鸿雁南飞”，写出了辛弃疾的词风及政治抱负。

要说大明湖碑刻，数量之多，品位之高，堪与楹联媲美，从明朝至今即有100余方，其碑文书法不乏大家之作。碑文体裁有诗词、游记、散文、序言，书体包括真、草、隶、篆，内容或赞美风光、或怀古凭吊、或感叹人生。至于书家更是高手如林，如清乾隆皇帝，乾隆年间进士铁保，道光年间进士何绍基，清末洋务派首领张之洞，以及当代开国领袖毛泽东，文学大家郭沫若，原全国书法家协会主席启功，著名书法家欧阳中石、魏启后等。

就大明湖碑刻整体来看，多为精品。如镶嵌在遐园内的诸葛亮前后《出师表》尤惹人注目。岳飞手书，字为形草，潇洒狂放。《表》后有跋，讲了书写时的心情，游人观之，甚觉戚戚然。历下亭北侧“名士轩”内东壁上，还嵌有何绍基手书诗刻。何绍基咸丰年间主持济南“泺源书院”，在济期间遍游山水名胜，留墨迹甚多，此刻便是其中一方，被济南书法界誉称为精品。新中国成立后，大明湖也镌有不少石刻，最著名者为毛泽东诗碑。它矗立在西南门内，作为迎门屏障，碑阳为词《采桑子·重阳》，碑阴是诗《为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照》，笔势遒劲，气势恢宏，给明湖增色不少。自20xx年大明湖扩建以来，新增碑刻集全国书法家之精品，更是洋洋大观。

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

博鳌水城位于中国海南琼海市博鳌镇，濒临南海，是著名的万泉河入海口所在地。

博鳌水城区域内融江、河、湖、海、山麓、岛屿于一体，集椰林、沙滩、奇石、温泉、田园等风光于一身。东部的一条猗长的沙洲"玉带滩"把河水、海水分开，一边是烟波浩瀚的南海，一边是平静如镜的万泉河;在山岭、河滩、田园的怀拥下有水面保存完美的沙美内海;万泉河、九曲江、龙滚河三江交汇，东屿岛、沙坡岛、鸳鸯岛三岛相望。因其独特的自然资源、精心的规划以及高水准的开发建设，博鳌水城被海南省政府列为重点开发的旅游项目，1998年7月又被国家旅游局选为"中国43个优先发展的旅游项目"之一。

博鳌水城距海口美兰国际机场约100公里，规划面积41.8平方公里，其中水域面积8.5平方公里。距离琼海博鳌国际机场很近。东屿岛是万泉河入海口三座岛屿中最大的一个岛，岛的面积为1.72平方公里，岸线6.52公里，岛上遍布红树林、椰林、槟榔、野菠萝等热带植物，地形平缓，植被繁盛，环境幽雅，水田纵横，石路蜿蜒，民居古朴，自然景观和人文景观保存良好。开发后的东屿岛将建成一座国际一流的"博鳌亚洲论坛"会展中心。建成后的博鳌水城将是一个集国际会议中心、海滨温泉度假中心和高尔夫休闲康乐中心于一体的国际性旅游度假胜地。

博鳌水城作为亚洲地区唯一定期定址的国际会议组织总部所在地，于20xx年4月12日召开博鳌亚洲论坛首届年会，来自48个国家和地区的近20xx名代表与新闻记者参加会议，博鳌成为亚洲和世界关注点。水城根据论坛发展需求和水城自然地形、地貌，规划要建设田园型、岛屿型、运河型、山顶型酒店和水上宾馆、乡间别墅、高尔夫球场酒店逾30家。20xx年，在东屿岛上新开业的索菲特大酒店，为博鳌亚洲论坛提供了新的高档次会议场所。

高尔夫球场系列是水城的重要配套项目，规划将因地制宜设计6个(108洞)不同风格的高尔夫球场，与酒店系列遥相呼应。东屿岛高尔夫球场20xx年投入使用，是亚洲论坛会场索菲特大酒店最紧密的配套。

今天我的讲解就到此结束了，下面是大家自由参观的时间，我们大概在30分钟后在门口集合，希望这次参观能给大家留下一个深刻的印象，预祝大家能玩的开心，谢谢!

威尼斯介绍

威尼斯是意大利东北部着名的水上都市，城市面积不到八平方公里，却由一百一十八个小岛组成，一百七十七条运河蛛网一样密布其间。城内古迹众多，有各式教堂、钟楼、男女修道院和宫殿百余座，威尼斯的公共活动中心圣马可广场更是旅客口碑叫座的景点之一。

圣马可广场简介

圣马可广场初建于九世纪。马可是圣经中《马可福音》的作者，威尼斯人将他奉为守护神。相传八二八年两个威尼斯商人从埃及亚历山大将耶稣圣徒马可的遗骨偷运到威尼斯，并在同一年为圣马可兴建教堂，教堂内有圣马可的陵墓，大教堂以圣马可的名字命名，大教堂前的广场也因此得名“圣马可广场”。广场入口有两个高高的柱子，一个上面是威尼斯的代表“飞狮”，另一个则是威尼斯最早的守护神圣狄奥多，这里是威尼斯城的迎宾入口。

圣马可大教堂

圣马可教堂不仅只是一座教堂，也是一座非常优秀的建筑，同时这里还收藏了许多丰富的艺术品。它融合了东、西方的建筑特色，从外观上来欣赏，它的五座圆顶仿自土耳其伊斯坦堡的圣索菲亚教堂，结构上有着典型的拜占庭风格，采用的帆拱的构造；正面的华丽装饰是源自巴洛克的风格；整座教堂的平面呈现出希腊式的集中十字，是东罗马后期的典型教堂形制。

四角形钟楼

这座由红砖砌成的钟楼建于十五世纪末期，它高九十七米，是威尼斯城市的纵坐标，也是圣马可广场建筑群空间构图的重心。站在这里，自顶端俯瞰，可以尽情观赏风光宜人的威尼斯城和泻湖全貌，甚至可以远眺美丽的阿尔卑斯山。

圣马可广场上的总督府

又称威尼斯公爵府。始建于九世纪，属于欧洲中世纪罗马风建筑。由于当时威尼斯与地中海东部的伊斯兰国家密切的文化贸易往来，大量阿拉伯人定居威尼斯，所以总督府立面的席纹图案明显受到了伊斯兰建筑的影响。

圣马可图书馆

位于圣马可广场的圣马可图书馆，为十六世纪的建筑，是著名建筑师珊索维诺在威尼斯留下的一个杰作，所以这座图书馆又以他的名字命名。建造时，珊索维诺选择了一个狭长的地带来修建，并采用了和总府邸一样的双层拱廊结构，只是高度上略低一些。这个使用古典式柱子的长长的拱廊，简洁悠远，如今成了遮阴休闲的公共场所。

叹息桥

圣马可广场附近还有一座巴洛克风格的叹息桥。该桥是密封式拱桥建筑，由内向外望只能通过桥上的小窗子。叹息桥的两端连接法院与监狱两处，死囚通过此桥之时，常是行刑前的一刻，因感叹即将结束的人生而得名；是威尼斯最著名的桥梁之一。

八仙山位于中国台湾台中市和平区与南投县仁爱乡的交界处，是雪山山脉白姑山系向西南的支脉，其主峰海拔2424米，换算为台制约为八千台尺，故名“八仙山”。它被称为是中国台湾小百岳之一，又是大甲溪与乌溪的分水岭，立有第1547号二等三角点。

八仙山在日治时期拟定名为“八千山”，后以较为典雅的“八仙山”称之。游客登上高处便可将著名的中横公路、中央山脉、埔里和日月潭等景点尽收眼底。八仙山及附近山区的森林资源十分丰富，昔日称为八仙山林场，为中国台湾三大林场之一，但近年来已停止伐木。北麓的佳保台在日治时期曾被评选为中国台湾八景之一，林场管理单位转型后，已将该地区建设成为八仙山森林游乐区。不仅自然风光丰富多彩，山上还有神社遗址、静海寺、中国台湾八景纪念碑、国小遗址、千本松原等人文景观，亦十分诱人。

Dear friends hello, welcome you come to beautiful luoyang in peony in full bloom in April.

I am luoyang little star travel company, a tour guide, Im happy, I hope I wholeheartedly for your service, can bring you endless happiness! During the tour, please see the guide the smiling face of the flag ☺ logo, lest with the wrong team.

Please hold sit well after you get on the bus. My dear friends, now is the peony blooming season, held every year in April for a month of peony show. So far this year has been successfully held the 29th. Luoyang peony began in the sui dynasty, sheng in the tang dynasty and "enjoys" in song dynasty, has been 1500 years of history.

Friends, poems about luoyang peony, which friend know something?

"Only the peony true national color, the blossoms to move the capital";

"Luoyang ley spent the most appropriate, peony is heaven."

Ha ha, see friends in luoyang, learn a lot about the peony! Thanks to my friends for our attention in luoyang. Peony is a traditional Chinese famous flowers, flowers are luoyang the ancient customs of the people. Luoyang 1982 position peony flower, peony show was held for the first time in 1983, luoyang, luoyang peony show has become peoples pride, for Chinese and foreign guests left a good impression. Luoyang peony flowers gigantic, breed is various, design and color is absolute, there are red, white, yellow, purple, green, blue, black and after nine color fastens, ten kinds of pattern, more than 1000 varieties, the flower is elegant, gorgeous, known as "very beautiful, the king of flowers" laudatory name. Peony root bark can be used as a medicine, petals can brew.

My dear friends, we now queue in luoyang ornamental peony - one of the most important places of city park. Believe that everyone has been trying to, looked at the long enjoy flower line, you can imagine it will be. Ok, now I will take you to see the luoyang peony. Heres the peony pavilion, peony fairy, everyone can heartily enjoy very beautiful peony: this is a delicate powder, white luminous white, yellow, yellow yao color peculiar two Joe...... Each friend can heartily to pose for photos and make the United States a good memory.

Dear visitors, peony is really let us linger, tomorrow we will visit the civilized world of longmen grottoes and day the first ancient temple white horse temple.

Tomorrow morning at seven o clock, we goodbye!

Dunhuang is located in the hexi corridor is the most western end, the northern edge of the qinghai-tibet plateau area, is sweet, the green, the new three provinces at the junction, is one of the four town of hexi in history. A total of 150000 people, covers an area of 30000 square kilometers.

Dunhuang is the national famous historical and cultural city, has a history of more than 20xx years ago. It is beyond the ancient silk road, qiang tathagata (qinghai road), west south, north crossed the border fortress. From the northeast line too anxi, dunhuang for hexi avenue to the central plains; West out of the sunlight, western region south road, connected with the ruoqiang county of xinjiang along the silk road; Northwest line yumenguan, along the west, north to hami and lop nur were systematically stud Ed Dunhuang south through thoroughly kazak autonomous county, more than the altun, direct the golmud in qinghai province.

Dunhuang grottoes, also known as the mogao grottoes, thousand-buddha grottoes, located 25 kilometers southeast of dunhuang the singing of the cliffs, is one of the world famous four grottoes, also represents Chinas largest and most abundant content, artistic value of the highest, grotto art is regarded as "the pearl of the silk road".

In 1900, more than fifty thousand volumes of religious and secular documents found that make the dunhuang mogao grottoes and enjoy "the world art treasure house", "the greatest existing buddhist art treasure of the world", the double crown. In December 1987, UNESCO listed the mogao grottoes on the world heritage list.

The characteristics of the mogao grottoes art in building, statues and murals on the organic combination of the painted sculpture art outstanding accomplishments, rich imagination and romantic, fresco composition grand changeable, coloring more heavy and complicated, smooth fine lines, with strong artistic appeal. Wat zen, shadow, palace, tower, temple, dome top wat wait for a variety of shape; Painted circle, floating, shadow, good karma and other forms; Murals statue like, JingBian, historic stories, Buddhism, architecture, landscape, feed, animal, decoration, such as different content, the time span of one thousand six hundred years, is a rare precious cultural treasure.

亲爱的朋友：欢迎你们来到美丽富饶的新疆。新疆地处亚欧腹心，地大物博，山川壮丽，瀚海无垠，古迹遍地，民族众多，风俗奇异，有许多值得大家参观游览的地方。您要是想游遍新疆的天山南北，至少得有半个月的时间。

今天我将带大家去游览新疆最著名的风景区天山明珠———天池。天池位居高大宏伟的天山怀抱之中。朋友们，您闭上眼睛想象一下在这个离海洋最远的、年均降水量200毫米的城市旁的高山中有那么一潭清清碧水，这是何等的神奇、何等的美妙啊!这犹如给美丽动人的少女披上一层神秘的面纱。您觉得我的比喻贴切吗?当我置身于离海洋最远的地方，体会干旱地区的燥热时，脑海中的那一潭碧水带给了我无限的湿润与凉意。我想象不出该用什么样的语言来描述此刻的感觉。朋友们，您此时此刻是否已有了与我相同的感觉。

阿里山列为中国台湾风景区之一，美景纷陈早为人所称道，因此有“不到阿里山，不知阿里山之美，不知阿里山之富，更不知阿里山之伟大”的说法。由于山区气候温和，盛夏时依然清爽宜人，加上林木葱翠，是全中国台湾最理想的避暑胜地。

春季的阿里山，花团锦簇[注: 锦：有文彩的丝织品;簇：丛聚。形容五彩缤纷，十分鲜艳多彩的景象。也形容文章辞藻华丽。]，游人如织，美不胜收[注:胜：尽。美好的东西很多，一时看不过来。]。炎炎夏季中，倘徉在森林里清爽宜人，听鸟语，闻花香，阴离子，芬多精处处弥漫，令人享受森林浴的乐趣。秋季，除了观赏日出的朝阳与夕阳余晖璀璨绚丽的晚景外，更是欣赏云海翻腾波涛起伏的壮丽美景的最佳季节。冬季，是观赏枫红层层落叶缤纷的季节，满山的青枫，艳丽脱俗耀眼极了!

“阿里山”这个名字来源于一个故事：相传250多年前，达邦有一位酋长叫阿巴里，英勇善猎，只身翻山越岭[注:翻越不少山头。形容走山路的艰苦。]来此打猎，满载而归[注:装得满满地回来。形容收获很大。]，后来常常带族人来此打猎，收获颇丰，人们敬仰他，便以其名命名此山。

我爱我的家乡，更爱阿里山!

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到三亚旅游，我是你们的导游。

亚龙湾国家旅游度假区是中华人民共和国海南省三亚市东郊的一处优质热带海滨风景区，距离市中心区约10公里。亚龙湾为一个月牙湾，拥有7千米长的银白色海滩，沙质相当细腻。而这里的南海没有受到污染，海水洁净透明，远望呈现几种不同的蓝色，而水面下珊瑚种类丰富，可清楚观赏珊瑚，适合多种水面下活动包括潜水等，令海底成为了当地的旅游的核心。岸上林木郁郁葱葱。冬季这里的气温27摄氏度，水温20摄氏度，是一处理想的冬季避寒和休闲度假胜地。号称"东方夏威夷"。沿海岸一带布满多座高级酒店，包括国际五星级的假日酒店。

该湾的锦母角、亚龙角是攀崖的良好场所。海湾以中心有野猪岛为中心，南有东洲岛、西洲岛，西面有东排、西排，可开展多种水上运动。

亚龙湾沙滩绵延7公里且平缓宽阔，浅海区宽达50-60米。沙粒洁白细软，海水清澈澄莹，能见度7-9米。

亚龙湾气候温和、风景如画，这里不仅有蓝蓝的天空、明媚 温暖的阳光、清新湿润的空气、连绵起伏的青山、千姿百态的岩石、原始幽静的红树林、波平浪静的海湾、清澈透明的海水，洁白细腻的沙滩以及五彩缤纷的海底景观等，而且八公里长的海岸线上椰影婆裟，生长着众多奇花异草和原始热带植被，各具特色的度假酒店错落有致的分布于此，又恰似一颗颗璀璨的明珠，把亚龙湾装扮的风情万种、光彩照人。

亚龙湾气候宜人，冬可避寒、夏可消暑、自然风光优美、青山连绵起伏、海湾波平浪静、湛蓝的海水清澈如镜，柔软的沙滩洁白如银。“三亚归来不看海，除却亚龙不是湾”，这是游人对亚龙湾由衷的赞誉。亚龙湾属典型的热带海洋性气候，全年平均气温25.5度，绵软细腻的沙滩绵延伸展约8公里，海滩长度约是美国夏威夷的3倍。海水能见度7-9米，海底珊瑚礁保存十分完好，生活着众多形态各异，色彩缤纷的热带鱼种，属国家级珊瑚礁重点保护区。海湾面积66平方公里，可同时容纳10万人嬉水畅游，数千只游艇游弋追逐，可以说这里不仅是滨海浴场而且是难得的潜水胜地。

这里三面青山相拥，南面月牙型向大海敝开。除阳光、海水、沙滩俱佳外，尚有奇石、怪滩、田园风光构成了各具特色的风景。锦母角、亚龙角激浪拍崖，怪石嶙峋，是攀崖探险活动的良好场所。海面上以野猪岛为中心，南有东洲岛、西洲岛，西有东排、西排，可开展多种水上运动。 亚龙湾中心广场有高达27米的图腾柱，围绕图腾柱是三圈反映中国古代神话传说和文化的雕塑群。广场上，四个白色风帆式的尖顶帐篷，给具有古老文化意蕴的广场增添了现代气息。

亚龙湾贝壳馆位于亚龙湾国家旅游度假区中心广场，占地面积3000平方米，是国内首家以贝壳为主题，集科普、展览和销售为一体的综合性展馆。在展览厅里，分五大海域展出世界各地具有典型代表性的贝壳300多种，有象征纯洁的天使之翼 海鸥蛤、著名的活化石红翁戎骡和鹦鹉螺等等。游客在曲径幽深、典雅自然的展厅里参观，仿佛沉浸在蓝色的海洋世界里，在惊叹大自然鬼斧神工的同时，激发人们热爱大自然、保护海洋的情感。

亚龙湾蝴蝶谷位于亚龙湾国家旅游度假区北部。走进蝴蝶状的蝴蝶展馆，只见眼前色彩斑斓，在5个展室中，中国最珍贵的喙凤蝶、金斑喙凤蝶、多尾凤蝶和高山绢蝶等，巨型翠凤蝶、猫头鹰蝶、银辉莹凤蝶、太阳蝶、月亮蝶等世界名蝶历历在眼，人们不禁为大自然的精灵赞叹不止。

出了展览厅，步入巧妙利用热带季雨林的自然植被环境建成的大型网式蝴蝶园，这里热带特有的古藤，造型奇特而优美的榕树、著名的龙血树、生命力极强的黑格、厚皮树等，在野花和人工配置的鲜花相映下给人以温馨静谧的感觉，汩汩的溪流拌着游人款款地穿谷而行，彩蝶翩飞，让人流连忘返。

亚龙湾是中国最南端的滨海旅游度假区，与“天涯海角”齐名，并享有“天下第一湾”之美誉。1992年10月，经国务院批准为中国唯一具有热带风情的国家旅游度假区。亚龙湾属低纠度热带季候风海洋性气候，全年长夏无冬，阳光充足，冬可避寒，夏可消暑。集休闲旅游五大要素：海洋、沙滩、空气、阳光和绿色于一体。亚龙湾的开发不仅是海南省旅游业的重点项目，而且是促进海南经济腾飞的重要一环，因此受到海内外的热切关注。

亚龙湾开发股份有限公司是由亚龙湾开发股份(香港)有限公司控股，由国务院批准成立的中外合资股份制企业，其最大股东为香港鹏利集团。公司以经营土地综合开发、旅游娱乐业为主，同时兼营房地产开发、旅游产品生产及销售等业务。

亚龙湾公司由政府授权对度假区进行“统一开发、统一规划、统一征地、统一招商、统一建设”。首先开发用地18.6平方公里，其规划项目有：海滨浴场、豪华别墅、会议中心、星级宾馆、度假村、主题娱乐园、海上活动中心、高尔夫球场、游艇俱乐部等。

亚龙湾位于三亚市东南约25公里处，距海南省首府海口市约326公里。亚龙湾东、北、西三面环山，显月牙形南抱中国南海。总面积为146平方公里，其中陆地面积约80平方公里，海域面积约66平方公里。度假区地处亚龙湾中心地带，其面积为18.6平方公里。亚龙湾国家旅游度假区内交通主干线与海口至三亚的环岛高速公路相接，距三亚凤凰国际机场34公里。两临相邻三亚榆林港，是海南省货运、客运的重要水上通道，交通方便，海、陆、空四通八达。

亚龙湾国家旅游度假区具有优越的热带海洋气候和典型的热带风光。区内沙滩绵延伸展逾8公里，沙粒洁白细腻，海水能见度深达7-9米，清彻透明，极富梦幻色彩的海底世界，是中国最佳潜水胜地。度假区内拥有国家级天然珊瑚保护区及热带观赏鱼群等海洋生态景观、滨海植物群“红树林”和珍稀树种龙雪树以及覆盖面大、发育良好的热带自然植物。相对独立，各具特色的景观资源为亚龙湾旅游开发的系列化，立体化创造了条件。

亚龙湾国家旅游度假区首期开发已竣工投入使用，包括拥有20xx套客房的豪华度假酒店和公寓、水上活动中心、蝴蝶谷、贝壳馆、中心广场、网球俱乐部、高尔夫球场、滨海浴场等一系列集游览、-、科普观赏、娱乐餐饮为一体的综合配套设施。

亚龙湾公司还将推出该区旅游业的主题项目--亚龙湾海洋公园，并将使之成为亚洲独一无二的旅游。亚龙湾国际旅游度假区的基本设施是按照国际标准设计，以满足开发建设的双重目的。主要包括：道路、给排水、供电、通讯、燃气、公共绿化、公共建设及环境工程等设施，完备的基础设施建设使亚龙湾具备的良好的开发环境和开发条件。

亚龙湾最终将被建成兼具休闲度假、特色风光、文体娱乐及会议展览等多功能的综合设施群体，在与国际化标准接连的同时，更具有独特的东方文化色彩，富有独一无二的亚龙湾风格。

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !

尊敬的各位游客：

大家好!欢迎各位光临八里沟风景名胜区，我叫 X ，是景区的导游员，很荣幸能为各位讲解服务。如果您在这次的旅游途中遇到问题和困难，请及时告诉我，我一定竭尽全力为您排忧解难。现在我简单的介绍一下：

八里沟风景区位于河南省新乡市北部，太行山南麓，辉县市境内，距新乡市50公里，距辉县市25公里，总面积为28平方公里。原是石门景区的一部分，自1990年度列为河南省风景名胜区。20__年起，北京龙脉旅游集团开始注入资金，和辉县市政府进行股份制合作，共同开发八里沟。目前，景区已经开发出山门广场、桃花湾、山神庙、玉皇宫、羊州地、一线天、天河瀑布、红石河等八个小景区150多处景点。20__年正式对外开放，向热爱旅游、支持旅游事业的朋友们展示它的风采。随着不断开发和完善，相继被确定为国家级猕猴自然保护区、国家级4A级景区、河南省风景名胜区和河南省“十佳旅游区”。

到过八里沟的文人和游客，把八里沟景区的美丽编织为“五品”即：红艳欲滴桃花湾，古意昂然山神庙，清泉潺流羊洲地，人神洗练一线天，飘渺仙境红石河。

绕过弯弯的山道，便进入桃花湾。这桃花湾山水环绕。桃树满山，因为这里春来桃花怒放，红艳欲滴，故称之为桃花湾。由于远在深山春来迟，花开花谢都较山下晚，不由想起唐代大诗人白居易的诗句：“人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花湾始盛开，“当是最好的写照。”

各位游客大家好，我是大家今天的导游刘某，大家可以叫我小刘，今天我将带领大家参观的是乌镇、西栅。

乌镇是浙江的一个水乡古镇，乌镇地处浙江北端，与江苏省相邻，曾经是两省三府七县交界之处。春秋时期，乌镇是吴疆越界，吴国曾驻兵于此以防越国，当时称乌戌。“乌镇”的称呼，首次出现是在唐咸通十三年。南宋嘉定年间，以市河为界分为乌青二镇，河西为乌镇，河东为青镇，解放后，统称乌镇。

关于“乌镇”一词的由来，还有一个典故。据说在唐宪宗元和年间，浙江刺史李琦妄想割据称王，举兵叛乱，朝廷命乌赞将军率兵讨伐。乌将军武艺高强，英勇善战，打得叛军节节败退。李琦突然在市河河畔挂牌休战，正当乌将军就地扎营伺机再战时，李琦却于当日深夜偷袭营地。乌将军仓促应战，最后连人带马跌入李琦设下的陷阱，被叛军乱箭射死。虽说仗是打输了，但是乌赞将军那种正直、忠诚、爱国的表现，让老百姓非常钦佩。大家为了纪念他，就把镇名以他的姓氏为名，改称“乌镇”。

大家好!欢迎来到绍兴兰亭参观、指导。

首先，为大家介绍一下绍兴兰亭的概况：想必大家都已知道兰亭是著名的书法圣地，这是因为早在1600多年前，东晋的大书法家王羲之邀请了41位文人雅士来兰亭举行了曲水流觞的盛会，这是一种坐在曲水边饮酒赋诗的活动，在活动中王羲之写下了天下第一行书《兰亭集序》，王羲之由此被尊称为了书圣，兰亭也因此成为了书法圣地，也成为历代书家朝圣之地。千百年来，兰亭原址几经兴废、变迁，所以大家现在看到的兰亭是清·康熙年间根据明·嘉靖时兰亭的旧址重建的，基本保持了明清园林建筑的风格。整个景区积淀了丰厚的文化内涵，概括起来讲兰亭有四大特色，分别是：景幽、事雅、文妙、书绝。

鹅 池

首先，我们看到的第一个景点是“鹅池”。大家可以看到池边真的有几只大白鹅，相传王羲之非常的爱鹅，爱写鹅字，还自己养鹅。在绍兴民间流传着这么一个故事：王羲之有一次在山阴道上散步，碰到一个道士赶着一群白鹅，洁白可爱的样子，王羲之非常喜欢，于是向道士买鹅，但道士早已认出是王羲之，故意不肯卖，而让他抄一本经书作为交换，结果王羲之竟然真的抄了一本《道德经》给道士，换取白鹅高兴而归。由此可见王羲之是多么爱鹅!或许有些人会问：“王羲之为什么会爱鹅呢?”王羲之曾经是这样表述的：鹅高昂着脖子以及全身洁白的羽毛象征了一种清高和洁白无暇的高尚品格，这也是他自身品性的一种写照;同时鹅的体态很优美，特别是游水的时候，对王羲之研究书法很有帮助，他认为握笔时食指高钩如鹅头昂扬微曲，运笔时如鹅掌拨水，把全身的精力贯注到笔尖;他还从鹅游水的体态美演变到了书法的线条美，如《兰亭序》中20个“之”字的写法就是根据鹅的姿态演变来的。所以王羲之非常爱鹅。

我们再看那三角亭下的鹅池碑，这块碑我们称之为“父子碑”。相传王羲之在绍兴做官时，有一次兴致勃勃的写下一个“鹅”字，刚准备写“池”字时，皇帝的圣旨到了，王羲之不得不搁下笔出去接圣旨，而在一旁观看的王献之趁此机会提起笔补写了一个“池”字，于是父子合璧。仔细看还真的不同，“鹅”字显得娟秀挺拔，而“池”字却较为粗旷、豪迈奔放，父子两人的书法风格有所不同。王羲之有7个儿子，王献之最小最有成就，也是著名的书法家，我们称之为“小书圣”。相传他写“池”字时才只有8岁。一会儿我们在接下去的景点中还会了解到关于他的一些故事介绍。

兰亭碑亭

现在我们看到的是兰亭第二个景点“兰亭碑亭”，也是标志性的建筑，建于清康熙年间。碑上的“兰亭”两字，是康熙皇帝的御笔。不过大家可能已经看到了碑上有所残缺，这是因为在文革时期此碑被红卫兵砸成了多块，到80年修复时中间那块却找不到了，所以是经过修补，“兰”字缺尾，“亭”字缺头，留下了遗憾。因为是皇帝的字大家不敢随意加补，只能这样隐约勾出，而且许多民众都喜欢用手去摸这块碑，碑已被摸的非常光滑，所以我们给这块碑取了一个名字叫“君民碑”。

讲到这，许多人可能会问“兰亭”就是指这个亭子吗?其实兰亭并非特指某个亭子，而是一个地名。据记载春秋末期越王勾践曾在兰渚山下种兰花，兰渚山就在兰亭景区后面，春兰的故乡就在兰亭，所以这里有着悠久的种兰历史。到了汉代这里曾设置驿亭，就是传送公文休息的驿站，这驿亭被以兰花命名取名为兰亭，并作为地名流传了下来，至今这里仍有兰亭镇、兰亭村的称呼，当然兰亭还是因王羲之故事而出名的。据统计世界各地建有7个兰亭：北京2个，中国台湾2个，日本1个，宁波1个，加上绍兴兰亭。但是想必大家都知道，绍兴兰亭才是原汁原味的，其它都是仿造兰亭。为什么这样说呢?我们就去看下一个景点。

曲水流觞

现在我们看到的是非常著名的景点：“曲水流觞”。大家可以看到面前有一条“之”字形的曲水，中间这里有一块木化石，上面刻着“曲水流觞”四个字。看上去是非常普通的景点，但它却包含了一段非常著名的典故：东晋永和九年，就是公元353年，农历的三月初三，王羲之邀请了共41位名人雅士，如东山再起的谢安，一代文宗孙绰等，大家围坐在曲水两边，“觞”是东晋时的一种酒杯，他们在酒杯里斟上一点酒让它从曲水上游缓缓漂下来，如果漂到谁面前停住了，谁就要作诗，诗不成则要罚酒三觥(音：公)。“觥”是一种容酒器，一觥相当于现在半斤，当然那时是米酒。在这个曲水流觞活动中共有11个人各作诗两首，15个人各作诗1首，16个人因没有赋诗被罚了酒，而王羲之作了2首诗也喝了不少酒。这次活动共赋了37首诗，汇集成《兰亭集》，大家推荐主人王羲之为这本《兰亭集》写序，王羲之欣然答应下来，趁着酒兴，用鼠须笔和蚕茧纸一气呵成《兰亭集序》，其书既有“飘若浮云，矫若惊龙”之气，又有“龙跳天门，虎卧凤阙”之势，被称为“天下第一行书”;整篇文章气度安详，笔调潇洒，神完气足，也称之为散文史上的千古绝唱。所以兰亭成为了书法圣地。如今每年农历三月初三都要举行“中国兰亭书法节”，每年这时中外许多书法家云集兰亭参加书会，大家来此朝拜书圣，也要在这里模仿王羲之当年举行曲水流觞、饮酒赋诗

的活动，那场景可真是热闹!

流觞亭

“流觞亭”是为进行“曲水流觞”活动而修建的，歇山屋顶、青石台基、木雕门窗、四周环廊，是一座古色古香的清代建筑。亭上匾额“流觞亭”三个大字为清·光绪年间江夏太守李树堂题。再看旁边的这副对联“此地似曾游，想当年列坐流觞未尝无我;仙缘难逆料，问异日重来修禊能否逢君”。这是绍兴著名书法家、兰亭书法会会长沈定庵先生所写，他的老师徐生翁撰文的。

走进亭，抬头还可以看到一块匾额题有5个字“曲水邀欢处”，其中“欢”字很难认，是欢乐的“欢”，繁体字草书的写法，此匾楷书与草书结合在一起较为特别。中间屏风上是一幅扇面作《流觞图》，是绍兴著名人物画家陈力农所创作，描绘出了当时王羲之他们曲水流觞的盛况，惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生。在下面的展柜里，我们可以看到“觞”的样子，它是由青瓷烧制的，旁边有两只小耳朵，所以又称“耳杯”，可以增加一点浮力并保持平衡，当然酒只能盛放少许，不能斟满，否则也是会沉的。我们再来看一下旁边的这几张展柜，里面陈列的是明·永乐年间所刻流觞图的拓片。图片共9张，在这里我们可以清楚的看到当时作诗的情景：“一十一人诗两篇成，一十五人诗一篇成，一十六人诗不成饮酒三觥”。而王羲之在亭中边看着鹅边写《兰亭序》。再看这一张;把人连同所作的诗一起刻下来，而没有赋诗的当然就是被罚酒的，一一对应。大家看，最左边的这人就是王献之，他怎么罚酒了呢?因为当时他还小，身为晚辈他不敢在长辈面前赋诗，因此只有喝酒的份。最右边的这人就是“东山再起”的谢安，他赋诗两首。中间这人就是孙绰，是东晋著名的文学家，他也赋诗两首。

我们再看一看屏风背后的这块木匾，文章内容就是孙绰(也叫孙兴公)的《兰亭后序》全文，但这字是湘潭人杨恩澍所书，他是清·同治年间绍兴府山阴县知事，书法文笔潇洒流畅，评价较高。旁边是中国书协顾问柳倩所书的对联：“曲水绕华筵，兰亭雨露添新色;流觞成雅集，翠竹萧疏忆古人”。

御碑亭

展现在我们眼前的是兰亭最重要的一个景点：御碑亭。亭中的碑我们称之为祖孙碑，因为碑的正面是康熙皇帝于1693年临写的《兰亭集序》全文，碑的背面是乾隆皇帝于1751年游兰亭时即兴所作的一首七律诗，祖孙两代皇帝同刻一碑，所以称为祖孙碑。这块碑已有300多年历史了，很多人不禁会问：“还是原碑吗?”回答是肯定的，“是清代原碑”。当然的确经历了很多劫难，如56年一次强台风，将清代木结构的亭子吹倒，所以现在我们看到的亭子是83年重建的。

但碑没倒，完好无损。而文革时也得以幸存，这要归功于医务工作者。当时，兰亭设立血吸虫防治所，驻扎着医疗队，那些医生们得到红卫兵要来砸碑的消息之后，想保护这块碑，于是想了一个好办法，大家连夜在碑上涂上了石灰，再用红漆在正面写上毛主席的《送瘟神》诗词，背面写上毛主席语录“千万不要忘记阶级斗争”，最高指示在上面，红卫兵们当然不敢砸了，祖孙碑就这样幸存下来。

接下来，就让我们先欣赏正面康熙皇帝临写的《兰亭集序》，这是《兰亭序》临摹本中现存最大的一个刻本。首先我们了解一下这篇《兰亭集序》，全文共324个字，王羲之写的时候是长的28行，而康熙因为竖碑格式变成了竖的13行，这篇文章想必大家也比较熟悉，高中、大学课本和《古文观止》中都有收录，称为书文并茂，属抒情散文，文章分为两部分。前半部分我们一起来回顾一下，时间：“永和九年(公元353年)，岁在癸丑(癸丑年)暮春之初(晚春三月上旬)”。地点：“会于会稽山阴之兰亭”(会聚在会稽郡山阴县的兰亭)，事情是“修禊事也”(修禊是古代的一种风俗，春秋两季在水边举行的祭祀活动，就是曲水流觞的原始意义)。人物“群贤毕至，少长咸集”(既邀请了名士，也带来了儿侄，所以年轻年长的都来了)。“此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水。”(描写当时的景色环境很美)。“列坐其次，虽无丝竹管弦之盛”(列坐曲水旁，虽然没有乐器的伴奏盛况)。“一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情”(但一边喝酒，一边作诗，也足以畅叙内心深情)。“是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅”(天气也很好)。“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛”(抬头看宇宙辽阔，低头看万事万物昌盛)。“所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱”(所以纵览开怀，足以达到了视觉听觉的娱乐)“信可乐也”(实在是高兴啊!)到这里是文章的叙事部分，讲述了曲水流觞的情景。后半部分则为抒情 “夫人之相与，俯仰一世”(人与人之间相处，俯仰之中很快一世就过去了)从这一句就可以看出王羲之悲感人生之短，可谓乐极生悲。整篇文章是一篇优美的抒情散文，当然更主要的是书法，王羲之将他创造的妍美流畅的行书这一字体运用到这一文章中，将自己由欢乐到感伤的情感流露到书法中，同时又是在这天时、地利、人和的情况下创作了《兰亭序》，可谓发挥的淋漓尽致、登峰造极。据说当时他是酒微醉时所写，第二天酒醒之后，多次重写，都达不到初稿的效果了。文章中有20个“之”字，7个“一”字和“以”“不”“为”虽然重复，但写法各不相同。所以兰亭序成为了王羲之的代表作，也奠定了书圣的地位，被称为“天下第一行书”。

让我们再来仔细看康熙的书法，康熙皇帝写得较为严谨，非常工整，显露出一派帝王之风，作为满人能将汉字书法写得如此之好，的确是位不简单的皇帝。我们可以看到其中的“之”字，如第一行、第三行、第四行的“之”及最下面一排的3个“之”写法也是各不相同，可见康熙皇帝临写时是多么认真，当然他也

自认为写得不错才敢竖碑在这书法圣地。不过我还是要补充，有些内行人指出他也有败笔之处，有一个字没有写好，什么字呢?就是这个“一”字。全文共7个“一”，大家可以看看哪几个“一”不好，对了，倒数第三行和第六行上面的“一”字写得特别长，还有中间的这个“一”字又写得很粗，显得特别死板，因为书法上讲究“气意流动，脉络相通”也就是说字词之间要有一股气贯通，一会儿我们就可以看到王羲之的“一”字就非常灵活多变，而康熙皇帝的“一”字缺少变化，较为死板，还又长又粗，把字词之间的气也隔断了，文章布局被间断了，所以这个“一”字没写好。不过也有很多人为康熙解释：有些人说“他可能没喝酒”，有些人说：“笔画越少的字就越难写”。还是金庸先生说得好：“康熙是皇帝嘛，他一统天下，天下第一，当然这个‘一’有着帝王的霸气，又长又粗，他也就不会照着王羲之的写法了。”的确很有道理，康熙的《兰亭序》是有着一股帝王的气魄，包含在书法中，当然风格与王羲之不同，不过能写得如此之好也是非常不容易了。

越秀公园导游词

各位游客:

大家好!欢迎大家来到广州越秀公园游玩。越秀公园位于广州市越秀区，自古以来就是有名的风景胜地。

越秀公园位于广州市内北部、广州火车站东南约一公里处， 是全市最大的公园，面积达92万平方米。除越秀山处，还包括周围的6个小山岗及东秀湖、南秀湖、北秀湖3个人工湖。

镇海楼

此楼始建于明太祖洪武十三年(1380年)，至今已有600多年历史。此楼曾五毁五建。原为砖木结构，1928年重修时内部已改为钢筋水泥结构。解放后政府将其加以修葺，列为省级重点文物保护单位。

五层楼高25米，阔31米，深16米，呈长方形，一二层用红砂岩条石砌成，三层以上为砖墙，外墙逐层收减，似楼似塔，红墙绿瓦，造型十分古朴奇特。楼前对峙一对高达2米的红砂岩石狮子，是明代雕刻。楼顶层正面高悬"镇海楼"金色巨匾。

五层楼前面有一碑廊，有历代碑刻24块。其中最前面的四石鼓文碑刻，原刻于公元前770年(距今2760多年)，是我国现存最古的碑刻。碑廊旁边有12门古炮，是鸦片战争时期的证物。其中5门洋炮，另7门是佛山造的。

镇海楼对联

镇海楼大门两侧对联写道："千万劫，危楼尚存，问谁摘斗摩霄，目空今古;五百年，故侯安在，使我倚栏看剑，泪洒英雄!"该联为清光绪两广总督彭玉麟幕僚李棣华所作。联中"故侯"指朱亮祖，镇海楼是他所建，如今人亡楼存，可证明历史沧桑。"使我倚栏看剑，泪洒英雄!"则是有感而发。当年彭玉麟因中法战争率兵至粤，驻兵镇海楼上，他反对李鸿章卖国议和，但也只得"泪洒英雄"了。此对联先咏楼，后写人，意境磅礴，不失为一幅佳联。

越秀山上五羊石像

五羊石像是广州市的标志。走进越秀公园，登上木壳岗，便会看到1959年由著名雕塑家尹积昌等人设计的，作为羊城城徽的，富有诗情画意的艺术作品-五羊石像。

五羊仙子降临广州，给羊城人民带来了吉祥与幸福，他们赠稻于民，并祝“愿此闤闠(huan hui，意为街市)，永无饥荒”，然后腾空而去，五羊化为巨石。

艺术家将这个美好的传说重塑出来。看!五只石羊神态各异：站在高处的老羊雄劲，口衔谷穗，昂首向前方;老羊脚下是一对亲密依偎的小羊;再有一对母子羊，母羊左右回首顾盼正在安静吸乳的幼羊，深厚母爱溢于言表。

越秀公园内广种花卉树木，初春的红棉，暮春的杜鹃，四月的白玉兰，五月的金凤和山丹，秋天的含笑，隆冬的腊梅。每年春秋两季，这里还举办盛大的迎春花会和菊展。公园内还有一座能容纳3万多观众的体育场。主要参观景点有五羊石雕、镇海楼和中山纪念碑等名胜古迹。

历史旧貌

越秀山的明代古城墙

明代广州的城市建设有了较大的发展。明洪武十三年(1380年)，永嘉侯朱亮祖将宋元时的三城合为一城，并向东、北扩展：城区东起今天的越秀路，西到人民路，南抵文明路、大南路和大德路，北跨越秀山。此时，越秀山才正式列入城内，山上的镇海楼也同时兴建。

今天，广州绝大部分城墙已拆，越秀山镇海楼还残存着一段长1100米的明城墙。该墙高度由1米至10米不等。城墙下部为红砂岩条石砌筑，上部为青色大城砖。其中镇海楼一带长约200余米的城墙，已由市政府拨款修复。广州古城墙是广东省级文物保护单位。

游览完了越秀公园的美景，我们的行程就此结束。期待下次再来越秀公园游玩

以上是第一范文网小编为大家整理的广州越秀公园导游词，希望对大家有所帮助。

重庆丰都鬼城导游词3篇

丰都鬼城旧名酆都鬼城，古为“巴子别都”，东汉和帝永元二年置县，距今已有近20xx年的历史，位于重庆市下游丰都县的长江北岸，是长江游轮旅客的一个观光胜地，是国家首批AAAA级旅游区。下面是第一范文网为大家带来的重庆丰都鬼城导游词，希望可以帮助大家。

篇一：重庆丰都鬼城导游词

丰都位于忠县和涪陵之间的长江北岸边，是一座以神奇传说而著称的古城，是《西游记》、《封神演义》、《聊斋志异》等古典名著中所说的“阴曹地府”、“鬼国幽都”。

丰都城的旅游景区主要是两座山，一是名山，二是双桂山。

名山原名“平都山”，海拔287.3米，面积0.45平方公里。相传汉代有阴长生、王方平两人曾先后在平都山修道成仙，白日飞升。道家就把这里列为道都的“洞天福地”之一。

至唐代，有人误将“阴”、“王”两姓联缀为“阴王”，于是名山就逐步被传说附会为“阴王”(阴间之王)所居之地，即演变成“阴曹地府”的鬼都了。并随之陆续建起了许多与“阴曹地府”相关的寺庙殿宇。有哼哈祠、报恩殿、奈河桥、玉皇殿、百子殿、无常殿、大雄宝殿、鬼门关、黄泉路、望乡台、天子殿、二仙楼、城隍殿、九蟒殿等30多座。

参观完名山的阴世鬼都之后，人们踏过跨在两山之间的壮观的仿古建筑铁索吊桥——“阴阳桥”，就到了“阳间”双桂山。

双桂山高401米，面积约1平方公里。它风景优美，绿树茂密，流水潺潺，曲径通幽，建有孔庙、鹿鸣寺、苏公祠、玉鸣泉等楼阁泉池。还建有纪念周恩来的“恩来亭”，纪念刘伯承早年在丰都讨袁护国的“护国亭”，纪念贺龙的“贺龙亭”等。

篇二：重庆丰都鬼城导游词

重庆丰都名山旅游集团公司是三峡库区旅游业务规模最大、实力最雄厚的大型旅游股份制骨干企业，拥有二亿多元的固定资产，是一个集国家级重点名胜景点、国际国内旅行社、宾馆旅游车队、旅游索道等为一体的集团企业。公司所属的名山风景区内有一九八二年国务院首批公布的全国重点风景名胜区，长江三峡名胜古迹――――丰都名山;有全国最大的民俗文化人文景观――――[鬼国神宫]和国家级森林公园双桂山。

自对外开放以来，共接待党和国家领导人李鹏、杨尚昆、乔石、李瑞环、尉健行、钱其琛、吴邦国、田纪云、邹家华、李铁映、王兆国、陈慕华、王光英、雷洁琼等曾光临丰都;国外知名人士，美国前国务卿基辛格博士、苏尔茨;日本前首相海部俊树、中曾根康弘、村山富市;澳大利亚总督海登等也莅临鬼城观光游览。

景区20xx年被国家旅游局评为首批AAAA级旅游景区、全国十五家[保护旅游者合法权益示范单位]、重庆市最佳旅游景区等称号。公司所属的汇丰国际旅游社一九九八年被评为中国国际旅行社综合效益100强，丰都名山旅行社有限公司为重庆十强国内旅行社。 名山旅游集团公司，还有一批业务技术过硬的高素质人才和经验丰富的高级专业管理人员。公司以[质量第一，信誉第一]为宗旨，竭诚为国内外旅客提供一流服务.

山晓亭：是根据丰都过去的八景之一“平都山晓”定名的。在丰都八景中“平都山晓”最负盛名。过去由于山上庙宇林立，古木参天，遮天蔽日，所以每到清晨，阳光从山顶照射下来，透过山腰团团的薄雾，斑斑剥剥，便勾画出一幅壮丽的平都山景。在这里，游客除了小憩之外，还可以看到丰都犹如一把锋利的关刀，静卧在江边。传说关羽败走麦城时，曾嘱咐将领周仓将关刀送到成都，当时因为周仓身染风寒，来到丰都后就病死了，这把关刀便遗留在丰都。为了感念一代良将，蚂蚁蜂拥而至，纷纷堆沙埋下了关刀，于是丰都的地形成了一个关刀形，后人为了纪念关羽，便依刀而建，在这里修起了县城。

鬼门关：这里是进入鬼国的必经关卡。无论是谁来到这里都必须接受检查，看看是否持有鬼国通行证一一路引。这是人死后到鬼国报到的依据。路引长3尺，宽2尺，是用黄色的软纸印做的，上书“为丰都天予阎罗大帝发给路引和普天下人必备此引，方能到地府转世升天”。同时，路引上面盖有“阴司城隍、丰都县府”三个印章。凡是人死后入殓(1ian)或火化时烧掉它，就会随灵魂来到地府，所到之处才能畅通无阻。

天子殿：座西向东，最早修建于西晋，距今约有1600多年历史，现存的天子殿是清康熙三年(1864年)重修的，距今有三百多年历史。全殿占地2431平方米，由牌坊、山门、殿堂三部分组成，对称地排列在一条中轴线上。牌坊为木石结构的三重檐坊，高约10公尺，山门为重檐歇山式屋顶，两边的钟鼓楼均为四角攒尖顶，殿堂为砖木结构，硬山式屋顶，穿逗式梁架。该殿系鬼城的核心部分，也是名山上建筑年代最久，面积、规模最大，保存最完整的一座庙宇。

四大判官：赏善司执掌善薄，身着绿袍，笑容可掬。生前行善小鬼全部由他安排，根据生前行善程度大小、多少予以奖赏。在六道轮回中，或登天成神，或投胎做人，只须在梦婆处喝一碗迷魂茶，忘却生前恩怨，即可重食人间烟火。

哼哈词：内塑哼哈二将。传说哼将郑伦、哈将陈奇本是商纣王的大将，武王灭纣后，姜子牙归国封神，封郑伦和陈奇镇守两释山门，宣布教化，保护法宝，为哼哈二将之神。

按照佛教的说法，陈奇和郑伦都是佛国大力士，能亲近诸佛，是手拿金刚杵保卫佛的夜叉神，叫“执金刚”。相传佛祖身边有五百于执金刚的随从警卫，队长叫“密迹金刚”，首要的职责是守卫寺庙的第一道大门，与门神一样。但是中国的门神大多是两个，于是，这位队长被一分为_，对称地守卫在殿内两侧。佛教还有一种说法：过去有个国王，生了1000个儿子，最小的两个弟弟为保护阿哥们成佛，心甘情愿当了护法神。

报恩殿：该殿原建于民国，重建于1984年，占地234.4㎡，内塑报恩菩萨目莲，两旁是他的弟子闵公和闵志。目连也叫目犍莲，是释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，传说他神通广大，能飞上兜率天，为第一行孝者，很受世人敬仰，终年香火不断。

观音：是佛国第一菩萨，又叫观自在、慈航大士等等。据《法华经》载：苦恼众生，一心称颂菩萨，皆得解脱，以是名观世音，唐代冈避李世民名讳，略去“世”，简称为观音，意译即：众生在受苦受难的时候，只要念诵其名，菩萨就会“观”到这个声音立即前去解救。

篇三：重庆丰都鬼城导游词

一是道教之说。在东汉末年，张道陵创立“五斗米”教，吸收了不少巫术，成为后来的“鬼教”。公元198年，他的孙子张鲁在丰都设立道教“平都治”，这里遂成为了道教的传教中心。后来，道教又杜撰出一个“罗丰山”，说它是北阴大帝治理的鬼都，这位北阴大帝是道教的第七级中心神，专管地狱。在北魏地理学家郦道元的《水经注》中，称丰都居道教七十二福地的第四十五位。[1]

二是鬼帝(土伯)之说：当人类社会还处在上古时代的时候，由于科学不发达，在遇到一些大自然现象的时候无法做出正确的解释，认为这一切是由鬼神在主宰。而巴族和蜀族是以氐羌部落为主，两个部落。东周时，丰都曾为巴子别都，随着巴蜀两族的不断交往，政治、经济、文化、思想、习俗相互渗透，于是产生了一个共同信仰的宗教神——土伯，这就是巴蜀鬼族的第一代鬼帝。这位鬼帝就住在幽都，至今丰都还留有“幽都”遗迹。

三是佛教“阎罗王”之说。“阎罗王”本是梵文的音译，原为古印度神话里管理阴间之王。佛教沿用此说法，称为管理地狱的魔王。传说他手下有十八判官，分管十八地狱。据《一切经音义》称，“阎罗王”即“平等王”，他能平等治罪。

丰都鬼城四是阴、王成仙之说，这是丰都最广为流传的说法。早在公元270年左右，晋人葛洪在其《神仙传》中就有关阴、王成仙的说法。传说在汉朝时候，有两位方士，一位叫阴长生，是刘肇皇后的曾祖父;一位叫王方平，官至朝中散大夫。他们因不满社会现状，双双先后来丰都修炼，于魏青龙初年，成仙而去。后来到了唐朝，他们二人被人讹传成了“阴王”，即阴间之王。

后来加上历代统治阶级的不断刻意渲染，历代文人、官吏通过小说、诗词、游记和碑文的描述，如《西游记》、《聊斋志异》、《说岳全传》、《西洋记》等等。因此一个比较全面的鬼城就在丰都形成了。它从虚幻到实物，经历了两千多年的历史，将佛教、道教、儒家学说以及中国鬼文化有机结合起来;将巴渝文化、中原文化和域外文化结合起来;将民间神话传说想象与现实结合起来;将建筑、雕塑、绘画等多种艺术形式结合起来，才形成今天天下闻名的“鬼城文化”。

丰都鬼城丰都鬼城位于四川盆地东南边缘，地处长江上游。是七里的故乡。它是一 座依山面水的古城，春秋时称“巴子别都”，它是从重庆顺游长江三峡的第一个旅游景区。传说这里是人死后灵魂归宿的地方。“鬼城”丰都，名山上古木参天，寺庙林立，在庞大的阴曹地府里仙道释儒，诸神众鬼盘踞各庙，等级森严，各司其职并以苛刑峻法统治着传说中的幽灵世界。

丰都鬼城距今已有两千多年的历史，历来被人们当作人类亡灵的归宿之地。

丰都，自古以来就是文化名城，是中国最有特色，最有名气的历史文化小镇，以其丰都鬼城作为阴曹地府所在的丰富的鬼文化而蜚生古今中外。

鬼城丰都以其悠久的历史，独特的文化内涵，神奇的传说，秀美的风光和难以替代的观赏价值，不可多得的鬼文化研究载体和独特源泉，向中外游客展现出神秘的东方神韶。丰都“鬼城”是人们凭想象建造的“阴曹地府”，人们凭想象，用类似人间的法律机制先后建成“阎王殿”、“鬼门关”、“阴阳界”、“十八层地狱”等一系列阴间机构。