北寺塔导游词(汇总20篇)

山门左右两边供奉的是佛教中的护法神将──四大天王，在《封神榜》里，他们又叫四大金刚，根据他们所执的法器，各有不同的寓意。右边执剑的是南方增长天王，代表风(锋);弹琵琶的是东方持国天王，代表调。左边执伞的是北方多闻天王，代表雨;捉蛇的是西方广目天王，代表顺。四大天王就代表风调雨顺。大家看正面的屏风上的四幅板刻，由右至左分别记载了宾公佛的生平事迹。

绕过屏风，往里走，见到的就是大雄宝殿。大雄宝殿建于康熙五十四年，殿前东边的钟楼，西边的鼓楼，即所谓晨钟暮鼓，现已撤消了，钟、鼓移入殿内，待会儿大家进殿就会看到。大雄宝殿右边是蛇盘神龟雕像，左边是观音阁。

大家知道殿内供奉的是什么佛吗?请看这些挂幡就知道了。释伽牟尼佛是古印度净饭王太子，观世人之生、老、病、死诸苦，就出家修行，寻找解脱之道。经六年苦行后，坐在菩提树下，开悟成佛，终于认识了人生宇宙的真谛，找到了由生死此岸到解脱彼岸的道路。你们看两旁的对联：要识今世兴衰当问先人作事，欲知后来祸福须思自己行为。对联意义深刻，告诫人们要静思己过，乐善好施。大殿两边墙壁上有彩色泥塑十八罗汉象，形态栩栩如生，无一相同。十八罗汉是由佛的xx大弟子，后人加上后世二尊演变而成。

穿过大雄宝殿，第三进供奉的是宾公生佛。宾公生佛以肉身装塑而成。那么如何保存这真身不腐呢?他不同于埃及的木乃伊，也不是医学上的干尸和蜡尸，而是先把尸体弄成盘膝而坐的姿势，背后撑铁条，然后用掺加了五香粉的福州漆，在尸身上反复扫抹几十层，使尸体有一层厚约

5、6毫米的漆壳。全尸身仅在下部留一个孔。再把漆好的尸身放在装满生石灰的大缸上。数年之后，尸体肌肉腐坏，尸水由下部小孔排出，漆壳内便剩下一架骨头，这便是"真身"了。宾公生佛是有求必应的，大家留意到门前的对联没有?证得菩提心有路，果真佛法力无边。因此，大家在参拜过程中，心诚则灵。

走出佛爷殿，我们参观蛇盘神龟雕塑。相传，龟蛇相会，是千年难遇的吉祥征兆。

北京故宫博物院英文导游辞

Hello, everyone,

We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.

A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词

What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

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大家好：

这里就是历史悠久的古长城，你们看，这牌坊上面写着四个字，那就是“雄镇东南”。让我们走过这牌坊，就会看见一块石碑，上面写着“江南长城，民族瑰宝”。因为，古城除了用了防御之外，还兼具防洪的作用，所以说它是民族瑰宝。

接下来就是一百九十八级的好汉坡，上了好汉坡，就是景色这方独好的顾景楼。

在顾景楼上看风景，的确对得起这样的好名字，远处的巾山塔，近处的东湖组成了一幅图画，慢慢描绘而成。

从顾景楼再向前一段路，就是百步峻，传说由于这一带过于险，唐代大将尉迟恭便指挥军民筑城到此，可惜没有成功。

过了险要的百步峻，便是长城东段的最高点——白云楼。而今，看来了高山大川的人们，在白云楼下却看不到一丝云彩的缭绕。其实，白云楼是那么美丽，云彩在上面盘绕。

白云楼向下便是望天台，这个天坛是元末时期第一个造反的方国珍建造的，在天坛中，有一块汉白玉，是回音石，站在这里，还能听见回音呢!

在望天台下面，便是烟霞阁，每当夕阳西下，霞光映射，水气如烟，因此而得名。

再沿山而下，就是朝天门瓮城了。它在军事上的作用是：诱敌深入，关门打狗。在生活中，可防洪，当洪水来时，弧形的外侧减少了洪水的冲击力。这种设计，在全古城墙中，十分罕见。

长城是一个名胜古迹，更是临海人的骄傲!

各位游客，我是你们本次旅游的导游，我姓“高”，你们可以叫我“小高”或者“高导”，现在我将要带大家去游览丽江最著名的景点-丽江古城。丽江古城所以被称作为“高原姑苏”“东方威尼斯”是因为有玉泉水贯穿全城由古城分成西河、中河、东河三条支流，再分成无数股支流。城内亦有多处龙潭、泉眼出水。古城利用这种有利的条件，街道自由布局，不求网络的工整，主街傍河，小巷临渠，清澈的泉水穿街流镇，穿墙过屋，“家家流水，户户垂杨”的诗意是这座古城的真实写照，这里虽是云贵高原小镇，却颇有江南水乡的特色。

古城形成于南宋后期，已有八百多年的历史。1986年成为家级历史文化名城，1997年又被列入世界文化遗产，丽江古城除了同苏州古城一样具有“小桥流水人家”的特色外，还在古城选址、街道和房屋布局、纳西民居等方面别具一格 丽江古城又叫大研镇，它由大研、白沙、束河三部分组成，大研古城是它们的集中代表，所以人们常常把它叫作大研古城或大研镇。而且大研古城位于丽江盆地的中心，古城的西南角耸立着酷似书天巨笔的文笔锋，丽江盆地则象一方碧玉做成的大砚台，古时“研”和“砚”相通，所以古城叫大研。说话间我们便到了古城，城口最引人注意的应该是一双水车吧，有人说它是子母水车，也有人说它是情人水车。过去古城里就有水车，今天在、些偏远之地也在使用。 讲了这么多，各位游客心目中一定有这样一个问题，象这样的古城在中国有的是，为什么这个高原上的偏僻的古城竟被评上呢?想要得到答案，请各位游客随小高一同去游览一番。一条小巷、一户人家，一不小心你就站在了一百年的历史上了，这种感觉，在路上、在各个庭院中，您随处都能感受到。所以这座古城不是因为拍戏或是故弄玄虚而建的，是一座真实的活着的古城。相信古城一定会给你们留下美好的印象。

中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能，已经永远失去了它的历史作用，但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。高考成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年，长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，被专家学者称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

今天我们登上了长城，在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话“不到长城非好汉”。现在各位都是英雄好汉了，女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部，长达6000多公里，合计120xx多华里，所以叫“万里长城”。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北，长城以南，俗话说“万里长城万里长，遥想当年秦始皇”，其实长城并非起自秦始皇，应该说是起自春秋战国。

公元前221年，友好往来一举灭掉了六国，他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮，东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗?说的是孟姜女新婚不久，他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年，没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦，梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，浑身发抖。喊着说：“我冷啊!我冷啊!”于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带(今安徽)来到北方，沿着长城找寻她的丈夫，她四处打听，一直都没有下落。到山海关一带，一个修城的工头说，范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝，放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫，横征暴敛的暴政。

到了西汉时期，汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且，把它修到了阴山以北，可怜的匈奴人只有“望队山而泣”。真可谓“不叫胡马度阴山”。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内，东经蒙古，一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城，称为汉长城。

公元1368年，明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城，从那时起直到明朝末期，先后大修长城十八次，历时260余年。公元1500年，也就是弘治十二年，才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关，经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。

如果我们把中国历代的长城全部加起来，它遍布16个省市自治区，总长度5.4万公里，合计10.8万华里。

According to the history, the yellow crane tower was first built in 223ADduring the three-kingdom period. At the beginning, the tower was originally usedfor military to observe the enemy’s activity. When the war finished, the towergradually became a scenic attraction where people can appreciate the view of thecity as well as the lake. In ancient time, many literati visited this place, andsometimes even write down poems for it such as Cui hao in Tang Dynasty, he wrotea famous poem which was name YELLO CRANE TOWER, and another famous poet Li bai,whose poems affected the whole dynasty in his time, also visited this beautifulplace many times.

Over the centuries the tower had been destroyed by wars for many times, butits popularity with Chinese people ensured that it was always rebuilt. Thecurrent tower was completed in 1985 and its design derived from a picture ofQing dynasty. It stands 51.4meters high and has 5 floors .The tower has 60upturned eaves layer upon layer, covered with yellow glazed tiles and supportedwith 72 huge pillars. The exports comment that it is an authentic reproductionof both the exterior and interior design, with the exception of the addition ofair-conditioner and an elevator. Since ancient time, the yellow crane tower hasbeen regarded as the symbol of Wuhan.

Now we are standing in front of the tower. With yellow upturned eaves, eachfloor seems to have been designed to resemble a yellow crane spreading its wingsto fly. Let’s enter the hall on the first floor. On the wall, there is anine-meter (about 30 feet) long and six-meter (about 20 feet) wide paintedporcelain picture which depicts clouds, rivers and cranes to represent aromantic mood in the heaven. What do you think of the picture? It is verybeautiful, isn’t it? Do you know why we call the tower YELLOW CRANE TOWER? Theanswer lies in the picture. Have you noticed that in the picture there is aTaoist who played a flute and rode an crane gliding through the sky? It is astory about kindness and rewarding.

Long time ago, there was a warm-hearted old man. He was very poor and ran asmall wine tavern to earn a living. One day in the summer, the weather was veryhot and the sun was very strong, a Taoist dressed in tattered clothes enteredthe alehouse. He begged the shopkeeper for wine:” Excuse me, I am very thirstybut I haven’t any money. For god’s sake, could you give me a bowl of wine?”“Sure” the shopkeeper smiled: “just help yourself” and gave him a bowl of wine.After that, the Taoist often patronized the tavern and enjoyed the wine withoutpaying money. One year later, the Taoist wanted to reward the poor man. Hepicked up an orange peel from the ground and drew a magic crane on the wall.When he clapped his hands, the crane can dance with the rhythm. Many people cameto watch this miracle. From then on, the tavern was always full of guests.During the ten years, the old man got out of the involvement of poverty and rana large restaurant. Ten years later, the Taoist revisited the old place. When hemet Xin, Xin thanked him. He said: it is your kindness that makes you wealthy.After saying goodbye, the Taoist played the flute and then rode the crane to thesky. In honor of the yellow crane and Taoist, the old man, Xin, built a towerand named it yellow crane tower.

Now we are on the second floor, and we can appreciate various miniaturecopied the styles from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty. Now, let us enjoy theyellow crane in Tang dynasty, it has two stories, the first floor was the gateof the wall, the second floor was used for visitors to enjoy the view of thecity. I have a question, which resembles with the current tower most, payattention, please. Right, the design of yellow crane tower was followed a Qingdynasty picture. Let us have a look at the model in Qing dynasty. It has3stories, the first floor has 12eaves which represent 12 hours in one day, thesecond floor also has 12eaves and it stands for 12months in a year. The thirdfloor has 24eaves and represents 24 solar terms. It is very interesting to enjoykinds of models in different dynasties.

On the three floor you can learn something about Chinese ancientculture----poem. Maybe you can try to learn Chinese from poem and show the poemto your family members back home.

If you want to enjoy the Yangtze River and the view of Wuhan, the goodchoice is to go to the fifth floor. Now it is free time!

各位游客，大家好!我是你们的导演颜诗颖，大家可以叫我小颜或颜导。欢迎大家到八达岭观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

游客们，在我们眼前的就是著名的八达岭长城。长城是世界闻名的八大奇迹之一，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，足足有一万三千多里长，像一条长龙盘旋在中国北方辽阔的土地上。它不仅是古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧的结晶，还是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。

游客们，现在我们已经登上了长城，您可以发现，这里是人山人海，所以各位要小心谨慎，以免发生意外。现在您向远处看，就可以发现这里的长城分为南北两峰，蜿蜒盘旋于山脊上，景色十分壮观。这高大坚固的长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。我们站在城墙顶上，您会发现这里像很宽的马路，可供五六匹马并行。现在请到我这边来，看到我身后这成排的垛子了吗?它有着两米多高，上面有瞭望口和射口，可供瞭望和射击用。现在让我们把目光转移，那高高的城台叫烽火台，它分为两层，上面是瞭望台，下层驻扎着许多士兵。士兵们一旦发现敌人，就点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。可见，烽火台在当时的军事中有着多么重要的作用。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，您一定会自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民。我们单看这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结成前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城。

现在让我来给您讲一个关于长城的故事。传说，有一对夫妻，男的叫范喜良，女的叫孟姜女，在他们结婚时，秦始皇召集百万民夫修筑长城，范喜良也被抓去了。孟姜女在家里苦苦等待夫君，日复一日，年复一年，孟姜女始终没有等到夫君。于是，孟姜女来到长城脚下万里寻夫。不料夫君早已成了一堆白骨，悲伤之下，孟姜女哭倒了长城，自己也成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。您听了这个故事，是不是对长城有了新的认识了呢?

如今的长城，早已失去了军事的价值，却以它独特的魅力吸引着无数中外游客。现在请大家自由参观，两个小时以后到这里集合，但大家要注意以下两点：1、不要乱扔垃圾;2、不要破坏公物;3、请看管好您的小孩;4，请保管好自己的贵重物品。谢谢!

汤池温泉池区集水疗养心、维其浴、气泡浴、美容浴、五福汤等多种功能温泉主题，融汇各国温泉文化之精华。作为国内罕见的优质保健型温泉，汤池温泉日出水量达10400吨，水温常年恒定在70℃左右，泉水中富含硫、钙、镁、钾、等48对人体健康有益的矿物质微量元素。汤池温泉将“原汤养生”融入生态环境，使泡温泉与度假、运动、游乐相辅相成，形成以天然雅境为依托、以有氧活动为辅助的系统的温泉养生方案，对消除、预防“亚健康”大有裨益，同时也能够松弛神经、缓解压力，还有排除毒素、增强体质、滋阴补阳、美容养颜等“实质性”的养生保健功用。汤池温泉VIP木屋创造出温泉沐浴与生态意境相契合的独特境界，彰显专属于汤池的上品温泉文化之精髓，这里是汤池温泉沐浴生态化、景观化、健康化的集中体现，也是汤池温泉高度温泉服务的重要环节。

绿林山风景区位于湖北省京山县绿林镇，属大洪山系，是1988年和张家界、九寨沟一起经国务院批准的大洪山国家级风景名胜区的核心景区，绿林山是中国历史上著名的第二次农民大起义的策源地，也是汉光武帝刘秀的发祥之地。这里有中国唯一保存完好的古兵寨群，有“湖北新九寨”之称的美人谷瀑布群，有浩渺无边、充满神秘色彩的原始森林和极具灿烂历史文化底蕴的“中国大汉文化村”，有刺激浪漫的鸳鸯溪漂流，有世界一绝空山洞石编钟，有华中地区最大的素质拓展基地和真人CS野战基地。

绿林鸳鸯溪漂流位于湖北省荆门市京山县绿林镇，鸳鸯溪因其走势俯瞰如鸳鸯形而得名，地处大洪山风景名胜区，为国家AAAA级风景名胜区，鸳鸯溪发源于大洪山南麓的白龙池，素有“九曲鸳鸯溪、十里水画廊”的美称，景区内峡险谷幽，水碧林翠，鸟语花香，溪水在九曲峡谷中蜿蜒，两岸高山峻谷奇异俊美，悬岩怪石玲珑，溢彩滴绿的天然树林，古香古色的亭台楼阁，遒劲有力的摩崖石刻，令人流连忘返。

江南百床馆，是中国第一家专门收藏、展出江南古床的博物馆，位于乌镇东大街210号，当地人又称赵家厅，面积约1200多平方米，内收数十张明、清、近代的江南古床精品。从富商大贾到极普通的平民百姓的各式木床无不具备，从一床一室到一床多室(床内备有化妆间、卫生间、仆人间等)。既有贵胄们的奢华，也有普通百姓的俭朴，此展览是中国床文化的集大成者。

馆内展示了：清代拔步千工床、小姐床、双龙足雕花架子床、明·马蹄大笔管式架子床和双喜、如意、带镜红木雕花床、嵌骨架子床等，数十张明、清及近代的古床精品。

这些床雕工精美、风格独特、装饰华丽、豪华气派，无一不是江南古床中的精品。它们也从一个侧面反映了我国劳动人民的高超工艺和丰富的艺术创造力。

明·马蹄足大笔管式架子床等，采用木架构造形式，造型简洁、朴素，比例均衡，并强调家具形体的线条形象，体现了明快的艺术风格，同时充分利用硬木的色泽和纹理特点，不事雕琢，多用原木漆，浑然天成;

清拔步千工床等床，这批床材质优良，工艺复杂，制作精良，是木雕床中的精品，其中清·拔步千工床被誉为“镇馆之床”，用料为黄杨木，长217公分，深366公分，高292公分，前后共有三叠，此床历时3年方才雕成，用工千余，故有其名。

这些雕工精美、历史悠久的古床在江南百床馆里可谓目不暇接，它们有的雕工精湛、风格独特，有的装饰华丽、豪华气派，无一不是江南木床中的精品。不由人不由衷地感叹中国文化的博大精深。同时它们也从一个侧面反映了我国劳动人民的高超工艺，对艺术的感悟及对结构造型的丰富想象力。

看百床馆，并不在于穷究其到底能收容下多少数量，而在于细细品味那一张张床上所加载的丰厚历史与生活内涵。或求平安、或求多嗣。

当床也能被如此雕琢的时候，人一定是平和与幸福的，这就是古老中国人的心境。

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

南山寺是一座仿古盛唐风格居山面海大型寺院。整个气势恢宏，为中国50年来新建最大道场，也是南国规模最大寺庙。园内景致与雕塑相协调，建筑与绿化相融合，既规整肃穆，又幽雅清净。名山、名寺、名僧，闪相辉映，相得益彰。仁王殿内供奉寺庙门神哼哈二将，明清后，这种殿式建筑逐渐演变成牌坊式建筑——山门。天王殿当中供奉天冠弥勒和两个侍者，两旁立护法神四大天王。天王殿两侧分别是钟楼和转轮藏。从天王殿穿过游廊，便可进入大雄宝殿，殿内供奉主尊为释迦牟尼佛、阿弥陀佛和药师佛，还有文殊、普贤、迦叶、阿难、帝释、梵天、两尊供养菩萨和十六罗汉塑像。

“不二法门”是一个由大型唐代风格六楼、建筑、群像雕塑、经幢、石刻、浮雕、园林组成的景点。这里的每个小品与建筑都体现出佛家思想精髓——“不二”理念。不二法门广场被高大的的木棉树和鲜红的木棉花簇拥着，广场里建须弥山，须弥山住众多护法天神。绕过须弥山，便进入“圆通经幢”，其四周是“天龙八部”群像雕塑。由经幢前行，便见“天女散花”石刻，石刻之后是一尊高大的“达摩面壁”浮雕。达摩在嵩山少林面壁九年，被尊为西天禅宗第28祖、中国禅宗初祖。从不二法门广场下到曲桥，便是面积为2200玉米的“八宝莲池”，仿海义世界而建，内有各种珊瑚石、海藻、水下灯具及琉璃制品，也有形态各异热带海洋观赏鱼穿梭其间，在灯光照射下，让人仿佛置身于神奇海底世界。沿着曲桥前行一尊巨大“耳根圆通”石刻，“耳根圆通”1象徵观菩萨修炼法门，“闻声救苦”，遍及十方。“耳根圆通”旁边，建成有观音阁，阁上安放一尊金碧辉煌的金玉观音，高3.8米，造价约人民币1.9亿元，观音阁一侧是“宝瓶净水”雕刻，另一侧是种满莲花的莲花池。莲花素来被佛教信徒视为圣物，认为它能启迪人们不为外物所役，“出淤泥而不染”。花架对面是巨大“慈般普渡”木雕，木雕旁是刻满书法的碑亭和观音菩萨的坐具——“莲花宝座”石刻。由茶社前行星期达300米的《心经》石刻前是紫竹林。

由“吉祥如意”石刻拾级而上，是古色古香吉祥钟亭，内有一座高1.8米，重0.8吨的铸铜大钟，遇上重大节庆日，这里便有隆重的撞钟仪式，祈福消灾。由吉祥钟亭向前，穿过茂林修竹，便可见仿古竹简巨幅石刻，上刻《吉祥经》。吉祥经周围布满名家书法石刻。吉祥如意园南边是“如意花榭”，花榭当中是一巨大天然如意石，既像一老鹰踞石，又似烈马惊跃。偏居花榭一隅的是一座日本遣唐僧空海和尚铜像。空海大各尚西渡中国求学时，曾为台风所阻，漂至南山，于此休整后赴长安。三亚南山海上观音圣像高108米，凌波伫立在直径120米的海上金刚洲(观音岛)上。像体为正观音的一体化三尊造型，宝相庄严，脚踏一百零八瓣莲花宝座，莲花座下为金刚台，金刚台内是面积达15700平方米的圆通宝殿。金刚洲由长280米的普济桥与陆岸相连，并与面积达60000平方米的观音广场及广场两侧主题公园，共同组成占地面积近30万平方米的“观音净苑”景区。

位于南山中枢的三十三观音堂是一座展示观音文化、龙五爷财神文化、民俗文化为一体的佛教文化场所，占地3300平方米，投资六千多万元兴建，由130余名工艺师，历时四载精心打造而成。院内主要供奉的有观世音菩萨三十三种应化法身群像、观世音菩萨三灾八难浮雕全图、观世音菩萨十二大愿转经柱、人间第一财神龙五爷、天下第一聚宝盆、南海第一祈福龙门等等。院内文化项目富有深刻哲理寓意，信众在参与的同时，能够启迪心智、教化人生。使人思想升华，心灵净化，心情愉悦!

总之，南山寺是一座融佛教文化、建筑园林、观光休憩于一体的现代佛新兴寺院。1993年，海南省政府特邀国内佛教界知名长老、南京栖霞山住持圆湛法师来南山选址建地，并正式聘请圆湛大师担任南山寺首任住持。圆湛法师来南山选址建地，并正式聘请圆湛大师担任南山寺首任住持。圆湛大师原籍江苏人，现年86岁，兼任海南省佛教协会筹备组长，海南省政协常员三亚南山寺和南山寺是同义词，已合并。

琼州历来有观音出巡南海之说。南山侧望之东瑁西瑁二岛【玳瑁岛】，相传即观音挑土老祖宗遗迹，唐天宝年间，律宗祖师鉴真曾五次东渡日本受阻，登陆南山弘法，得观音菩萨护持，第六次东渡成功。其后，日本遣唐僧东密祖师弘法大师西来求法，亦为台风阻至南山，得观音加持，经泉州至长安求法成就。《崖州志》载：“光绪六年(1881年)，三亚鸭仔塘村(南山东南麓)忽自产莲花，叶甚茂，三年乃谢。光绪二十三年，复产，愈产愈甚，至今愈茂。”由此可见南山与佛门之殊胜因缘。

三亚南山风景区居琼州之南，山高五百余米，形似巨鳌，又若观音菩萨慈航普渡坐骑之相。山势迤逦叠翠，丘除环抱，祥云缭绕;面南海，浪激石音，水照天色，实有海天佛国气象。1993年，经阮崇武先生倡议，中国国务宗教局、中国佛教协会同意，海南省政府正式批准兴建南山寺，先后又批准在寺侧兴建南山佛教文化苑，在寺前海中塑高108米观音巨型铜像。山之毗邻，左为天涯海角游览区，右为大小洞天旅游区，盖“大生态、大文化、大环保”之大悲曼荼罗也。

南山寺于1995年11月奠基动工，建设者以大毅力智慧克服重重困难，为时两年半，大雄宝殿、兜北内院、仁王殿大功初成，中国佛教协会会长赵朴初居士亲笔题写“南山寺”和“海天丛林”。恰逢1998年佛教传入中国二千年纪念年，观音南巡，法云南被，爰于4月12日，隆重举行盛大祝圣祈福观音大法会。并泐碑颂告：“谋者建者，施者受者，无不解脱，悉入大悲性海，功德无量，普皆回向。

有人问我：“你最喜欢哪处景物?”我会毫不犹豫地回答：“我最喜欢维多利亚港了。”

维多利亚港是香港特别行政区香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港。港阔水深，为天然良港，是亚洲第一、世界第三大海港。还有着“世界三大夜景”的美誉。不管是白天，还是黑夜，维多利亚港都保持着她那美丽的身姿。

清晨，天边露出了鱼肚白，“东方之珠”号客轮的汽笛声打破了清晨的宁静，香港苏醒了，放眼望去维多利亚港的海面上笼罩着一层轻飘飘的白雾，犹如披着一件白纱。

我来到岸边，沐浴着轻柔的海风，海浪轻轻的亲吻着海岸。波光粼粼的海面下，鱼儿自由自在的游来游去，海藻类植物随波逐流。渐渐地，游人多了起来，但还是那么的宁静。

相比于清晨的宁静，夜晚就变得更加热闹和美丽。悠扬的乐器声，游人的谈笑声，轮船的汽笛声，海风吹拂着海水拍击着海岸的声音，完美的融合成一体奏响了一曲和谐的乐章。这时候，如果您来到“星光大道”，就会发现70多位有突出贡献的电影人，在这里留下了他们的签名与手印。

太平山上的灯塔，中环、铜锣湾地区的霓虹灯，灯火璀璨，闪烁的是那么耀眼、那么明亮。“国际金融中心”“中银大厦”“汇丰银行”等高楼大厦鳞次栉比，直入云霄，万家灯火，相互辉映，倒映在海面上，分不清是灯光还是星星，维多利亚港的夜景是多么别致啊!

夜深了，游人渐渐地离去，维多利亚港又恢复了清晨的宁静。这时候，我耳边仿佛响起一首歌“让海风吹拂了五千年，每一滴泪珠仿佛都说出你的尊严，让海潮伴我来保佑你，请别忘记我永远不变黄色的脸……”

维多利亚港，你以无与伦比的容颜永远留在我们心中!

欢迎来到小石潭，在小石潭这个幽静的地方，你们就跟随我这位知名度No。1的导游一齐领会这大自然的鬼斧神工吧！此刻我们站在小石潭东面，当然，你们还没有见到小石潭，跟我来

唐代文学家柳宗元以前写过一篇文章，就是写小石潭的，名叫《小石潭记》。我们此刻在一片竹林前你们听到那水声了吗？听到了对吧。柳宗元说这水声如鸣佩环，心乐之。我们穿过这片竹林就到了小石潭，你们想象中的小石潭是什么样的呢？跟我来，我这就带你们见识一下小石潭的庐山真面目。

当年柳宗元和吴武陵，龚古，他堂弟玄宗一齐来到这小石潭参观，还有崔恕己和崔奉壹一齐跟着同去。我们脚下踩着的，就是柳宗元当年他们走过的路。

噢，太棒了！我们最后到达小石潭了！你们向下看，这就是小石潭，你们用手摸摸这水，有没有感觉到这水格外清凉，就是那种凉到心里的那种感觉。这个小石潭以整块石头为底，靠近岸边的石底向上弯曲，露出水面，成为了水中的高低，成为岩石，成为不平的岩石和平的岩石。看看潭边，树枝藤蔓遮掩缠绕，摇动下垂，参差不齐，随风飘拂，那是何等的美呀！

再看看水中的小鱼，水十分清澈，仿佛构成了鱼在空中游的景象，阳光找到水底，鱼的影子映在水底的石上。这些鱼有时呆呆的，又会突然间向远处游去，来来去去都那么敏捷，好像想要和你们一齐玩耍似的。

向潭的西南方向望去啊，就是那边了！看看那水像北斗星那样曲折，像蛇那样蜿蜒前行，时隐时现。它岸边的形状像狗的牙齿那样参差不齐。不能明白它的源头。

我的介绍就说完了，你们能够自由参观了。

南京夫子庙导游词

位于南京市健康路以南，主要指的是孔庙、学宫、贡院三 大建筑群，看看下面的导游词吧!

南京夫子庙导游词【1】

各位朋友，大家好!欢迎光临南京夫子庙。

夫子庙地处城南秦淮河畔，地理位置优越，交通十分方便，是南京人引以为自豪的历史遗迹和旅游景点，是新兴的文化、商业、游览中心和庙市合一的繁华之地。

夫子庙，又叫孔庙、文庙，是祭祀我国著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。

孔子在古代被人们尊称为孔夫子，故其庙宇俗称“夫子庙”。

由于儒学的正统地位，它的创始人孔子备受封建社会历朝历代的统治者和士子们的尊崇，祀奉他的孔庙遍布全国各地，有的地方还不只一个。

夫子庙作为封建士子崇拜的场所，大多与教育设施(如学宫、贡院等)布置在一起，即所谓的庙附于学，一般是在学宫的前面或一侧。

历史上，南京城区的夫子庙曾有三处，一处在今市政府大院内，另一处在朝天宫。

现在我们要参观、游览的，是第三处，也是最有名气的一处。

它是宋景佑元年(1034年)从朝天宫迁来的，初为建康府学，元为集庆路学，明初为国学，后为应天府学，清迁出府学，改为江宁、上元两县学。

咸丰年间毁于兵火，同治年间(1869年)重建，抗战中为日军焚毁。

现存夫子庙为80年代初重建。

它采用前庙后学，孔庙在前，学宫在后，后来设立的贡院被布置在学宫的左侧。

因此，南京夫子庙比较完整的格局包括三部分，即孔庙、学宫、贡院。

以大成殿为中心的南北中轴线及两侧的主要建筑和以明远楼为中心的江南贡院陈列馆成为夫子庙地区最主要的旅游观光点。

夫子庙地区由于悠久的历史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子庙出现之前，就已成为古代南京比较有名的“佳丽地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景点外，还有吴敬梓故居、古桃叶渡、萃苑、百年老店一条街、文德桥、王谢故居、乌衣巷、媚香楼等景点。

现在我们已站在夫子庙中轴线的起点部分—夫子庙广场。

环顾四周，南有泮池、照壁、木坊，东西两侧有聚星亭、魁光阁及商业区，北有中轴线上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔庙东西两侧的东、西二市，形成了夫子庙地区区别于其他城市孔庙的独特氛围，即历史上形成的庙市合一的格局。

请看广场前的这一条河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母亲河，全长110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。

流经广场的这一段是内秦淮河的一部分，建庙时被改造为泮池，因曲阜孔庙泮水流过而得名。

南岸的一堵红墙，是建于明万历(1575年)年间的大照壁，长达110米，气势磅礴，为全国照壁之最。

照壁起遮蔽和装饰作用，是整个夫子庙建筑群的开始。

泮池北岸石栏则为明正德(1514年)年间所建，是历经了沧桑变迁之后，成为夫子庙建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗战前曾加以修整。

游人至此，凭栏小憩，观览秦淮秀色，心旷神怡。

泮池西侧的文德桥现为汉白玉桥。

因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。

因为桥向与子午线方向一致，所以每逢农历11月15日子时左右，皓月当空，凭栏俯视，在桥的两边分别可看到桥影将河中明月分成两个半月，被称为“文德分月”。

吴敬梓在《儒林外史》一书中就有记述，如果您有机会的话，不妨在农历11月15日来文德桥边看一看。

文德桥南乌衣巷口的一组徽派建筑群，为“王谢古居”。

作为东晋豪族王谢两大家族聚居区，影响比较大，尤其是唐刘禹锡名作《乌衣巷》的诗句，使乌衣巷、王谢旧居变得非常有名，现为“南京六朝历史文化陈列馆。“大家有时间可以进去参观参观。

现在我们看石栏北侧是新复建的天下文枢坊，表明此处为天下文化中心。

三门四柱，颇为壮观。

在古代，它与后面的棂星门对应，用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔，中间高门坊是皇帝幸临的御道，左右供郡亲王出入，一般的官员臣民不能通行，因而平时都用木栅栏封闭起来。

庙前广场西侧的聚星亭，六角飞檐、古朴大方，外表看双重飞檐翘角，貌似两层结构，其实只有一层，亭名取群星聚集、人才荟萃之意。

再请看东边，临水而立的小院子是魁光阁，阁内的魁星亭，三层六面，下临秦淮，景致独特。

古有“奎主文章”之说。

奎星即魁星，是文运兴旺之兆，是科举时试夺魁的象征，因而魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。

魁光阁与聚星亭东西犄角相望，互为呼应，融为一体。

庙前广场北面的石砌坊门，是孔庙第一道大门—棂星门，六柱三门，古朴优美，中间横楣刻有篆文“棂星门”。

棂星是古代天文学中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。

三门之间镶嵌有牡丹图案的砖刻浮雕，精雕细琢，美仑美奂。

石柱顶端皆用云板，即华表之意，作为一种标志。

此乃皇帝祭孔的仪门。

走过棂星门，我们就来到大成殿的大成门前。

大成门，又称戟门，是夫子庙的正大门，两旁为持敬门。

封建时代只有官员可以由大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。

进入门内，左右分别树有四块古碑：东边有元至顺二年(1331年)的《封至圣夫人碑》和(封四氏碑)，西边有公元1330年的残碑《集庆孔子庙碑》和由市政府迁来的甫齐永明二年(484年)的《孔于问礼图碑》。

以《孔子问礼图碑》为著。

院落甬道两旁排列了孔子十二门生中的八位，即闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由，均由汉白玉雕刻而成，状甚虔诚，栩栩如生。

向前看，大成殿前的平台为丹墀，俗称露台，高1.4米，东西宽21.8米，南北长“14.0米，四周围以石栏，有云头望柱24根，台前两角设有石灯笼。

此露台用作祭祀和歌舞。

露台中央的孔于雕像格外引入注目，青铜质地，达4.18米，重乙37吨，做工精细，维妙维肖，体态丰盈，面部慈祥、深沉，眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智，给人留下非常深刻的印象。

露台两旁原是两庑，是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所。

现缩为小两庑，改为碑廊，陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的碑石30余块，供游人欣赏。

露台尽头即为巍峨庄严的夫子庙主殿—大成殿，高16.22米，宽27.3米，进深27.9米，是重槽歇山顶的仿古建筑。

正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾，上书“大成殿”。

孔子为“大成至圣先师”，“大成”当指孔子。

“大成”一词，源出《札记.学记》，是学习的最高境界。

又见于《孟子.万章》。

“孔子，圣之时者也。

孔子之谓集大成。

”屋脊鸱吻中有造型精美的“双龙戏珠”立雕，这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作;屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻秀之势，与北方孔庙屋面采用黄色琉璃瓦的富丽恢宏之势明显不一样，更显随和、入俗之意，这亦是南京夫子庙更接近俗文化的表现之一，亦或称之为“入乡随俗”吧。

整座建筑重檐飞翘，斗拱交错，气势雄伟;殿堂七楹，殿廊环立26根仿木圆柱;前后花格长门16扇，内殿藻井枋檩，素雅肃穆。

殿中央陈列有高6.5米、宽3.5米的国内最大的孔子画像，画像前二侧还有12位门生中的另4位，即孟子，孔汲，曾参、颜回，前面还陈列有柷、琴、卧箜篌，编磬，编钟、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。

四周墙壁悬挂了38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，称为“孔子圣迹图”，是由浙江乐清2OO匠师采用取自浙江、福建，内蒙古、辽宁、青海、广西、广东等省(区)的内玉石，鸡血冻、寿山石，翡翠绿、周村冻等石中名晶及黄金、珠宝、罗钿等贵重的珠宝饰件，耗3年之功雕成，总投资580万元人民币。

画面采用中国古典全景式构图方式，辅以考证有据的细部描述，做工精细，色泽自然，富有立体感，给人以逼真神奇之感。

每幅面高2.5米，宽1.3米，画中 共有人物408位，造型面目自然、栩栩如生。

38幅壁画分别是圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老、钧天降圣、俎豆学礼、职司委吏、命名荣贶、职司乘田、问礼老聃、在齐闻韶、晏婴沮封、退修诗书、夹谷会齐、归田谢过、诛少正卯;女乐文马、因膰去鲁。

匡人解围。

丑次同车之一，丑次同车之二、宋人伐木、楛矢贯隼、适卫击磬、学琴师襄、西河返驾、灵公问陈、子路问津、在陈绝粮、子西沮封、作歌丘陵，杏坛礼乐、跪受赤虹、西狩获麟、梦奠两楹、治任别归、汉高祀鲁。

体现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范形象，这恰如殿中对联所写“气备四时兴天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂万世继尧舜禹汤文武作之师“。

真乃谓“德侔天地道贯古今，删述六经垂宪万世”。

由大成殿东庑北门出，经东市即进入学宫区。

东市和西市是由原来进出学宫的东、西甬道改成，用作秦淮河上往返船只经销商品的场所，现已成为夫子庙地区最具特色的工艺美术晶、文化用品销售场所和文化活动场所。

学宫是封建时代培养人才的场所，有不同层次，如县学、府学(路学、州学等)和国学，都与孔庙毗邻，以示儒学立国，修身的正统地位。

学宫包括明德堂、尊经阁、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云楼等单体建筑。

走进学宫大门，就是古风盎然的明德堂，是士子们每月朔、望日朝圣(即孔子)之后，集中听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕(伦理和政府法令)的场所，以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。

对于明德堂的名称，可能有的游客要问，各地夫子庙建筑群中只有“明伦堂”，何以南京夫子庙例外，叫作“明德堂”?确实，南京夫子庙内，明德堂原来也称“明伦堂”，只是当年元军即将攻克南京之时，身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥，为了表明他宁死不屈的决心，亲自手书，改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”以明效忠国家、报效民众之志气，故保留至今。

明德堂后的尊经阁，始建于明朝中期，高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，气象非凡，是当年存放儒家典籍、教谕讲课的讲堂，现为民俗风情陈列馆。

与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼，尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边。

崇圣祠祀孔子父母，现为梨园;青云楼清时改为图书馆;尊经书院为讲课之所，相当于现在的教室。

尊经阁后小高地，叫卫山，建有敬一亭，天下文庙皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖时，亭内立皇帝御题的“敬一箴”，作为生员士子的座右铭。

所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之意。

游完学宫，向东过贡院西街走数十米，就是江南贡院。

利用这一段时间，我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。

夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外，还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。

其一，南京人向有过灯节的习俗，六朝时期佛兴灯旺，作为帝王之都的南京，每至元宵节，灯火满市井，为全国之冠。

明朝时放灯时间延长，正月初八为上灯节。

十八日为落灯节，是我国历史上为时最长的灯节，那时南京人几乎“家家走桥，人人看灯”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京灯节都极为隆重，以夫子庙地区为最盛。

建国以后，夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下，每年的正月，夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯，前来观赏的人群络绎不绝，熙熙攘攘，煞是壮观，其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多，在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。

其二，夫子庙除了它的文化特色外，其商业文化也比较发达，首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值，其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场，体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。

夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。

其三，夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新，各种茶食店铺，摊贩小吃，应有尽有，成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。

从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面，风味饮食店就有数十家之多。

可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。

最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等，风味名点和小吃有数百种，极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。

好，我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。

江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所，起初规模并不大，只供府、县学考试之用。

明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。

后贡院规模扩大，待到清朝，正式定名为江南贡院，已经是规模空前，形成东起姚家巷，西至学宫、孔庙，南临秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整体，其号舍达两万多个，在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。

民国之后，贡院冷落，只有明远楼等，作为历史文物被保留下来。

我们现在看到的明远楼，上下三层，四四方方，飞檐出甍，面面皆窗，它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。

如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑，详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。

为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景，80年代中期，有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”，复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍，陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像，供人们参观。

同时，游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。

各位朋友，您不想试一试?

游罢夫子庙的主要观光点，我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。

第一，夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所，这是其最大特色，而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。

在夫子庙，一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明，如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心，以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化，如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等，一应俱全，充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。

学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处，高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展，形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。

第二，夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。

如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁，是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的，是所有孔庙中独一无二的。

由此可知，秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。

南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画，堪称全国之最。

值得一提的是，由于南京夫子庙的与众不同，地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来，开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。

在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮，发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹，如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观，即所谓的“四点一线”，形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。

现已布局井然，初具规模，景致独特，美不胜收，成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。

基于此，有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线，成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”，使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。

各位朋友，夫子庙的游览就到此结束了，感谢大家的支持和合作!

南京夫子庙导游词【2】

各位游客。

在昨天的游程中，我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺，总统府旧址等名胜古迹。

今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。

秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。

它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。

【秦淮河的由来和历史变迁】

秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。

相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。

秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。

但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。

历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。

自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。

内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。

河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。

唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。

古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。

早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。

迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。

六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。

东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”，既可御敌，又可防洪。

从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。

据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。

那时南京的大多集中在秦淮河两岸。

清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。

美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。

然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。

它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把“秦淮”当作南京的代名词。

【秦淮画舫—伴池—夫子庙照壁—庙前广场—棂星门】

各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。

每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。

这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。

当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。

”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。

从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。

尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。

难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。

我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。

古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”夫子庙导游词夫子庙导游词。

泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。

相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。

再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。

照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。

各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。

原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。

所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。

夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。

现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。

请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。

这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。

现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。

左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。

建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。

这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。

广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。

请大家继续随我往前走。

这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。

据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。

门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。

不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的夫子庙。

极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。

【大成门—大成殿—学宫】

各位游客：走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。

门内侧有石碑四块。

第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。

记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。

碑的上半部有“孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题”的题字。

图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有“永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流”的字样。

这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。

第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。

第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。

第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。

庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。

现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。

在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。

古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。

祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。

主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。

现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿——大成殿。

这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。

这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。

“大成”意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。

大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。

现在的大成殿已被辟为“南京乡土文化博物馆”。

请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。

门楣上方原来有“学宫”匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有“东南第一学”。

牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。

这四斋名称分别是“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”。

后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。

明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。

东墙有“卧碑”，就是训教的法规。

左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。

我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。

东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。

清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆夫子庙导游词导游。

这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。

各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群——贡院。

【贡院街—贡院—明远楼】

现在我们所站的地方便是贡院街，那条与贡院街相交的南北向街道就是贡院西街，贡院街北面就是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。

贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。

明太祖朱元津定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。

明永一乐十九年(1421年)迁都北京，但南京仍作为陪都，加上江南又是人文基本之地，考试仍在这里按期举行。

明成祖继续派人建造江南贡院，明清两代对贡院不断扩建，到清光绪时，贡院规模之大，已成为当时23个行省的贡院之最。

对此，我只要告诉大家一个数字，你就可想而知了——到清代同治年间，已建供考试用的“号舍”有20644间，且还不包括司考官员、职司人员的办公住宿用房。

可惜现存贡院建筑已屈指可数，明远楼就是保存下来的贡院建筑之一，而其他大部分已被辟为市场。

现在，我们所见的这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。

楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。

“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归原”，封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠义”为立身之本。

考生考完后，“金榜”就张贴在前面的贡院街

清末废除科举后，贡院也随之失去了原来的作用。

1919年除留下明远楼和一部分号舍建筑用以陈列历史文物外，其余一并拆除，辟为市场。

明远楼下的《金陵贡院遗迹碑》详细地记载了这一史实。

各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。

如果大家有兴趣的话，可以去逛一下夫子庙的东市、西市，同时也可选购一些喜爱的工艺品和旅游纪念品，还可以去西街一带品尝夫子庙的风味小吃，夫子庙可谓是全国闻名的小吃荟萃之地。

大家看，我们现在已经在八达岭的脚下。大家抬头看，八达岭长城是不是非常像一条龙?在崇山峻岭之间蜿延盘旋着。告诉大家，这段长城有一万三千里。大家再看，可以发现这里的长城分为西、北两峰，景色十分壮观、龙腾虎跃、气象万千。如果大家想看长城的景色，那就上去大饱眼福吧。

游客朋友们!我们终于来到了著名的八达岭长城上，真是雄伟壮观啊!这八达岭长城高大、坚固，是用条石和城砖筑成的。地上铺着方砖，非常平整，像很宽的马路，这么宽的宽度，如果马站在上面，五六匹马都可以并进，大家现在试一试，伸开手臂，大约能占十多个人。

好了，大家再往前走，大家边走边看一下，城墙上有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的口，这是打仗时的瞭望口，和射击口。城墙的顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，这就是古代屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，承台之间可以互相呼应。

八达岭长城还有很多壮丽的景色，这里是世界文明的旅游景点，希望你们能够细细游赏!

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重庆根性文化“巴文化”最大展示中心，巴人博物馆、巴国歌剧院、巴国历史长廊名人及威武的巴将军将告诉您古巴国首都-----江洲(今重庆)的兴衰，将成重庆一日游重要景点。

处于巴国城之中的巴国公馆，内接近1.5万平方米的水景主题中庭，外拥巴国城230亩免费生态公园，是以生态、健康为理念的高端纯生态住宅精品。不仅拥有便捷的交通、巴国城罕有的配套、绝佳的区位，还拥有满足不同需求的十多种经典户型。

巴国风情街长800米，宽60米，两侧的宫廷建筑群高低错落、凹凸有致，大量采用了退台、露台以及透空，前庭后院与中庭相互结合。在铺面前留有10~30平米的经营面积，大大提高入住商家的实用面积，同时又聚集了人气。巴国风情街的主要业态分布为，靠公园一侧为主力旗舰餐饮，汇粹全国顶级品牌餐饮名店，另一侧则是特色风味餐饮，巴国城近期将被市商委授牌“巴国美食城”的荣誉称号。在风情街心是历史雕刻为巴渝名人长廊，两侧行道设有巴国人文地刻及雕塑。

在巴国城门前傲然挺立的则是巴国传奇人物——巴蔓子将军，盛气凌然的朝向15000平米的巴文化广场，面对着四支表现巴人变迁的图腾柱。在巴文化广场里设有巴国歌剧院，巴国歌剧院建成后将定期上映一部反映巴人生产、生活、战争、爱情的大型历史歌舞剧《巴国神韵》，目前由国家知名文艺专家正进行紧锣编制中。

在巴国城门两旁设有巴人博物馆，巴人研究协会，透过巴国城门则是巴国城独有的230亩免费生态主题公园，公园内30余亩的灵动水面，整个公园湖光倒影，亭台楼阁，小桥流水，水上舞台，各个接点遍布反映巴国历史文化的景点，五星级庭院式酒店，VIP商务会所等环绕其中。

巴国时尚吧街(内街)，主要经营业态分为特色休闲餐饮、特色酒吧，旅游商品等。与内街相邻的是巴国城20万方的住宅物业——巴国公馆。

Andy scenic area located at the side of the east suburb of kunming mingfeng, 8 km away from downtown, built during Ming wanli, the Ming chongzhen decade (1637) bronze moved struck binchuan chicken foot mountain, the qing emperor kangxi 10 years (1671), the day the king wu sangui reconstruction of the existing building double-hipped roof mountain type zhenwu bronze, bronze weighing 250 tons, is Chinas largest copper architecture, it than the Summer Palace in Beijing mirage of the longevity hill intact; Than the wudang mountain in hubei large hall, is one of the largest pure copper temple, Chinas existing tongdian temple in the hot sun yi yi is unripe brightness, dazzling, so people called the mirage, is key protected cultural relics in China.

Andy has more than 380 years since ding building, the existing fengshan mirage, is Wu Sanjia rebuilt at the beginning of the qing dynasty. There were "on the beam, the qing emperor kangxi 10 years, were the big lv, ten door day, the day prince wu sangui worship", etc. Wu sangui after the peasant uprising, rate of division into ju kunming, reconstruction of mirage. Can be seen on the mirage girders now ", the qing emperor kangxi 10 years, were the major of ji lu month (October) 6, day prince wu sangui to build "the copper. The inside of the Buddha, signboards, beams, level, doors and Windows, panlong, decoration and so on are made of bronze. Andy, floor, the steps of the railings are unique marble build by laying bricks or stones. The whole house majestic, beautiful and easy.

Who lived in qing dynasty, taihe palace BingXian frequently met earthquake, but the award-winning repairs. Is one of the largest disaster in the cultural revolution. House collapse, statues destroyed, taihe palace, desolate and review. Until 1999, in order to meet the kunming world expo, has carried on the comprehensive renovation to taihe palace. Taihe palace, experienced the vicissitudes of life, really few emperor wudi hing scrap.

Andy tianmen

Started from the foothills to meet fairy bridge, a doors, two doors, three doors, to as high as 1000 meters above the platform, at present is a castle type buildings, towers, the crenel walls, a taihe palace in the city, embedded on the door of the gate "lingxingmeng" three gold, couplets on the door "on GuLongFei, unique unique brainpower-computer; east Lin Zhu dance, half green cloud".

Andy

The door that can see existing Andy - the largest pure copper temple in China. Its beams stone, rock ridge, treasure roof cornices, plaques couplets, sweets statues, bottle furnace ware, etc., all with bronze, weighing two hundred tons. Temple is 6.7 meters high, 6.2 meters wide and deep, the house body vertical cylindrical root, temple wall for 36 pieces of carve patterns or designs on woodwork lattice and fang Mosaic, casting is careful, the complex structure. House for gold statues statue, 5 for zhenwu sovereigns, lateral plastic serviceable, two will be lined with fire and water. Bronze sitting on high marble Dan pursuit, is enclosed by two layers of stone railings, glittering, like a golden treasure house. Under the temple steps two shi ting, left another one to 10 m high DiaoDou lever, seven stars black flag rising stem. Flag, flag, flag also use bronze. Copper flag for the triangle, fangs, flag around twenty BaSu, top with the sun; Six star flag in the big dipper, the entire copper flag are hollow out Mosaic; Highlighted carved with "all is well, the good crop weather, peaceful country and safe people" 12 copper character.

The clock tower

Andy scenic area topped with three layers of 36 wing Angle of 29 meters high tower, the third floor of the dome, hanging by the Ming yongle (1432) 21 years great 3-ton bell, bell, 3.5 meters high, caliber 6.7 meters circumference, 14 tonnes, to yunnans largest antique clock, the clock is original suspension in kunming city beautiful appearance of xuanhua upstairs, 1953 towers to the ancient building park, close to the "mirage" park again.

Botanical garden landscape

Andy has 500 acres of the clock tower botanical garden landscape, has been built tea garden, azalea garden, magnolia, rose garden, WenShi District ten park, introduction of more than 20xx kinds of garden plants. Andy area is a combination of humanities landscape, natural landscape features of tourist attractions. In behind the side, there are thick folded more than two strains of camellia one individual plant and crape myrtle, legend has it for the kind of the Ming dynasty, before and after the Spring Festival every year, thousands of camellia flowers in full bloom, bonus as fire.

Outside the temple built with walls, gates, battlements. The city on the floor.

各位游客：

大家好!我是您们今天的导游。我姓赖，你们可以叫我赖导。今天，就由我带大家游览闻名中外的万里长城。

毛主席曾说过：“不到长城非好汉。”身为中华儿女我们怎么不上去游览一番呢?对!现在我们就去当好汉，登上那前不见头后不见尾的万里长城。

长城平均高7.8米，最高达14米，城墙的外侧一般都选建在陡峭的山崖上。城墙顶宽达5.8米，可容五马必行。

关于万里长城还有一个感人的传说：勤劳聪明的孟姜女，为了寻找被官宾捉去修建长城的丈夫，千里迢迢来到长城脚下，经过多翻打听，却得知自己的丈夫已经活活累死，孟姜女在长城脚下哭了三天三夜，“轰隆”一声长城倒了800里，孟姜女自己跳海自尽了。现在我们站在八达岭上的万里长城，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石。游客们，单看这数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重，那时侯没有火车，汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步踏上这陡峭的山岭。如此工程巨大的建筑在古代没有任何现代化设备的情况下完成是非常不可思议的。看这些，大家可以想到长城凝结成多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧。

长城的美景说也说不完，现在就请大家慢步欣赏吧!请大家三小时后，也就是下午五点半到长城下面的一号十字路口集合。在游览时，请大家保护文化遗产，不乱涂乱画成墙，不乱扔垃圾。谢谢大家对我工作的支持!

我们先坐上了游览车，车子沿着长龙一般的盘山公路飞快的行驶着，我透过窗户清楚的看到了外面的风景。高大的华山像一个个勇敢的战士，身上穿着青绿色的伪装服，站在盘山公路旁保护群众的安全。我打开窗户，感到了阵阵的凉风在吹拂我的脸颊，我还听到小溪奏出的乐曲，让我感受到了大自然的亲切。

进入华山，我就感到了一种清闲，路的两边，一边是绿油油的树丛和野草、野花，另一边当然是栏杆和岩石。当我爬到一个平台时，往下望去，只见空中云雾弥漫，仿佛我在登天山一般，身边的云雾好像一伸手就可以摸到。远处的山有的像老人的背，有的像骆驼的驼峰，有的像坚韧的利剑。

我们继续向上爬，上面的景色越变越美，空中的云雾在山中漂浮着，就像我们在云海上空，真想在里面游一圈啊!我身边的一棵树，长的歪歪扭扭的，但是十分茂盛，像一个老爷爷在我旁和我一起欣赏这美丽的景色。云雾在空中跳舞，跳得十分投入，一会儿在空中转一个圈，一会儿翻一个滚，一会儿还在空中劈叉，跳得很高很高。

华山虽然比不过黄山的美，比不过泰山的高，但是那一座山由华山这样的险呢?

远古人类的足迹，随着时代推移而遍及今日的南京。东郊汤山出土了距今约30万～50万年的“南京猿人”完整的头骨化石；溧水县神仙洞发现了距今一万年以前的“溧水人”遗址。

距今6000多年前，南京鼓楼岗西北侧的北阴阳营和玄武湖畔、长江岸边开始出现新石器时代的原始村落，聚居着南京的初民。3000多年前，沿江河地带，已经相当密集地分布着青铜时代的居民聚落，以秦淮河中游的湖熟镇一带较为集中，称为“湖熟文化”。

公元前472年，越王勾践灭吴后，在今中华门西南侧建城，开创了南京的城垣史。公元前333年，楚威王大败越国，于石头山筑城置金陵邑，金陵之称亦因此而得名。秦汉时期，南京地区随经济发展而建县渐多。汉末三国鼎立之初，公元229年，孙权在武昌称帝，9月即迁都于此，称作建业，为南京建都之始。公元317年，晋琅琊王司马睿建立东晋政权，以建康（今南京）为国都，这是南京城市发展史上的第一个高峰时期。此后，南朝宋、齐、梁、陈相继定都建康，史称“六代豪华”，南京由此有“六朝古都”的美称。公元937年，南京成为南唐的首都，称为江宁府，这是南京城市发展史上的第二个高峰期。1368年，朱元璋在应天府称帝，建立明朝，以“应天”为“南京”，第一次成为一统天下的全国首都。由此，南京城市发展进入又一高峰期，南京都城为当时世界第一大城。1853年，太平天国定都于此，改名天京。1912年元旦，中华民—国成立，孙中山在南京就任中华民—国临时大总统。

“金陵自古帝王州”，从中古到近现代，继孙吴之后，东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐、明朝、太平天国以及中华民—国先后定都南京，共455年，史称“十代故都”，留下了丰富的文化文化遗产。

1949年4月23日南京解放，成为中央人民政府直辖市。1952年9月，南京为江苏省省辖市。1953年1月1日，江苏省人民政府成立，南京为江苏省省会。1994年2月，经国务院同意，中央机构编制委员会明确南京的行政级别为副省级。

南京是中国重要的综合性工业生产基地。南京的电子、化工生产能力在国内城市中居第二位，车辆制造规模居第三位，机械制造业的技术、规模居国内领先地位，家用电器业、建材工业也都具有较大规模。南京是华东地区重要的交通、通讯枢纽，建立了全方位、立体化、大运量的交通运输网络，铁路、公路、水运、空运、管道五种运输方式齐全，拥有现代化的通讯体系。南京是全国四大科研教育中心城市之一，是全国重要的高教、科研基地，拥有一批国内一流的高校和科研机构。被国家9个部委列为中国投资硬环境“四十优”城市之一。

先后被评为中国城市综合实力“五十强”第五名、国家园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、全国科技兴市先进城市、全国双拥模范城市、全国城市环境综合整治10佳城市、全国科技进步先进城市、国家环境保护和国家卫生城市等称号。

古老的秦淮河玉带般蜿蜒舒展，站立桥头，眼前宛然是历史在悠悠流过；点缀两旁的玄武湖和莫愁湖静如处子，似在幽然倾诉；钟山、栖霞山迤逦悠长，“神龙”般延续着千年的守卫；金陵古城默然而立，城内的沧桑繁华刻写着它的年轮。

南京文化古迹遍布，从中可以探寻历史的源头：中山陵依山而建，结构严整，观之而生一股浩然之气；夫子庙建筑群古色古香，漫步其间，让你体味明清时代的市井繁荣；中华门气势宏伟，设计巧妙，置身城内，壁垒森然，耳边似有战马嘶鸣；此外还有灵谷寺、石象路、三国东吴所筑石头城遗址、明代朱元璋的陵墓（明孝陵）以及革命纪念地雨花台等，引人遐思无限。

古老悠久的文化遗产，现代文明的经济都市，与蔚为壮观的自然景观构成了南京独特的园林城市风貌。

每一个曾经在历史上赫赫有名的城市，多半会有一条孕育城市生命的河流；每一个到现在还迷人的城市，也必然缺少不了水色丽景。即使早已过了海上霸权的时代，威尼斯展现出来的气势仍旧是独树一帜，颓废与美感并存。而我们面前的这片岛屿，就仿佛与世隔绝一般，独自过着属于威尼斯的慵懒时光。

沿着威尼斯窄窄的运河，我们还可以看见修建于己世纪之前的古老房屋，这些房屋依然保持着当时的面貌和风采，鲜艳的花朵从阳台伸展出来，带来了无限的生机。做“贡得拉”，纵情与威尼斯的怀抱，听船夫高唱意大利民歌，就会仿佛忘记了时间的存在。

“威尼斯”，本是“最宁静的处所”的意思。恬静的威尼斯给人带来心旷神怡的感觉。运河对岸是著名的圣玛丽亚沙留特教堂，它有着300多年的历史；还有圣马可广场，那里是威尼斯最值得骄傲的地方。隔岸望去，可以非常清楚地看到教堂美丽轮廓构成的威尼斯海湾这一最迷人的景致。

威尼斯的魅力离不开水，蜿蜒的水港，流动的水波，就好像漂浮在碧波上的浪漫的梦，诗情画意。依水而建的房屋、教堂清晰地倒映在水面上。诗人拜伦在1817年初来到威尼斯时，惊艳于这座水都的脱俗之美，仍不住送给它“亚得里亚海之后”的封号，因为由海面上眺望威尼斯，它就像矗立在亚得里亚海上的海市蜃楼，令人目眩神迷。

水是威尼斯的灵魂。如果说中国江南的水是朴素的，温馨的，亲和的，那么，威尼斯的水就是豪华的，壮丽的，艺术的。美日，海浪拍击日渐下沉的暗礁，海风送来海鸟或欢畅或忧伤的咏叹，而延安人家石墙上的斑驳旧印，也在日复一日的沉默中渐渐成为经典。

威尼斯的妙处在于：不仅仅因为它有那么多的水，那么多的乔，更在于此中油然而生的一种柔情似水而又风情万种的生活状态。清晨，空中还有薄雾，街角是悄悄的路人饮泉，肃穆的教堂传来钟声，住家的窗前是招摇的盆花，世界变得很安静，这里没有喧嚣的车马，耳根清静，让人觉得仿佛活在古老的15世纪。

威尼斯的浪漫种多少掺杂着一些凄美，地下水抽取过多，造成威尼斯陆地不断下沉，再加上周期性的潮水，因水而美丽的威尼斯正在被洪水慢慢侵蚀。他还会为我们的世界美丽多久？这已经不是我们能够左右得了的事情。我们能做的，仅仅是靠近它，欣赏它，把心乘满浪漫的感受，然后离开。所以，我们的游客，请不要破坏这美丽的水都，当一切成为记忆，记忆里也希望能有威尼斯浪漫的水的气息。

衷心祝愿每位游客能在威尼斯领略到来自几个世纪的美丽，谢谢大家！

我国景点英文版导游词

下面几篇范文是我国的景点英文版导游词，感兴趣的不妨看看怎么写吧，欢迎阅读借鉴，希望你们喜欢。

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

hello, everyone,

we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.

the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.

a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.

this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.

further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.

北京天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.

Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.

In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.

On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.

Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.

河源苏家围英文导游词

The Sujiawei Hakka Village Tourism Zone is a must for tourists who are interested in the Hakka culture and customs.

Bordering Dongjiang River in the north and Jiushe River in the south, the village is located in the Heshui Township, 26km away from the city of Heyuan.

Today the village is described as a “picturesque village in south china”, featuring old trees and houses, wild lands, bamboos and fresh air. Also it has a profound cultural history and is said to be the habitat of descendants of Su Shi, who also known as Su Dongpo, a famous Chinese literate in Northern Song Dynasty. Hence All people living in the village now are surnamed “Su”.

It also provides some performances for travelers to get a better known of Hakka culture such as their wedding customs. You can take part in the producing lines of making bean curd, wine or oil; or enjoy yourself in activities like fishing, swimming and boating.

The first spot we encounter is the Yingqing Bridge, where has a panoramic view of Sujiawei. The bridge is a place to welcome all families, relatives and friends.

Here is purple perilla park. The purple perilla can be used as medicine to cure cold, or purple dye or cooking. The origin of this park is as follows: one day one of Su Shi’s offspring passed by this place, he dreamed five old men pointed a big tree and told him it is perilla tree. When he woke up, he found this place is full of perilla, and the environment is quite beautiful, so he thought the old men would like he move the Su clan here. So after he came back, he always mentioned this dream to his late generations. To fulfill his this dream, over 700 years ago, the Su clan moved here and Sujiawei started its story.

From this purple perilla park to Pool lips estate, is gallery of Hakka villages gender culture, which shows the Hakka people’s moral ideas and customs, they think everything has two opposite extremes like negative and positive. In Hakka dialect, have a boy baby is named “tian deng”, the same pronunciation as “add a lantern”. So in Chinese lantern festival, any family which has a new boy baby will hang a big lantern in their ancestors’ shrine.

Later we will visit Sugong Shrine Yongsi Hall, Guanghua hall, Su school and Yi Jiang temple. You may find the Hakka architecture is well preserved here. These ancient buildings are square flat houses with dark blue bricks and roof tiles that belong to the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest house, Yongsi Hall, was built in 1481 in memory of Su Dongshan, the eighth-generation descendant of Su Dongpo and as a place for the villagers to worship their ancestors and discuss important affairs.

Now we walk along the Dongjiang river and enjoy the Hakka folk music. At the riverside you see bamboo everywhere. Su Dongpo loved bamboo, he once said “I can eat without meat, but I can not live without bamboo. No meat to eat only makes me thin; but live without bamboo makes me vulgar”!

Walking so long time, are you a bit tired and thirsty? Let’s go to Her Workshops to taste Hakka traditional snacks and tea. There are tea leaf, sesame, peanut, red jujube and longan in the tea. Do you taste them?

Ok, after a break, we go to experience traditional Hakka wedding performance. If you are lucky to be chosen and act as the bridegroom, you will be invited to the stage and join their show.

The village also preserves many slogans printed on the walls during 1950s to 1970s, which are silent witnesses to Chinese modern history.

Do you see the big bamboo hats holding by bamboo sticks in line? It is farm four seasons gallery. On the bamboo hats marked farming planting and harvesting dates and festivals.

Finally we have 15-minutes free activity in the countryside vegetable fields. You may like farmers to pick fruits, vegetables you like in the fields.