导游词英文模板（最新20篇）

The lion forest is one of the four classical gardens in suzhou, has been 650 years of history, as the representative of the yuan dynasty garden. Located in suzhou city, jiangsu province city northeastern garden road no. 23, plane into something a bit width rectangle, covers an area of 1.1 hectares, open area of 0.88 hectares. In 1982 was designated as cultural relics protection unit in jiangsu province. Garden rockery throughout, gallery, number crunchers looms, winding path leading to a secluded spot, feel history generally. Are embedded in the walls of the gallerys four big famous song dynasty, su shi, huang tingjian, calligraphy Cai Xiang monuments, and the southern song dynasty wen tianxiang inscriptions of plum blossom poems.

Mountainous southeast, northwest much water, surrounded by high walls deep curtilage, corridor surrounded. Central to the pool as the center, fold mountain building, move the flowers planted wood, bridge pavilion, has dominated layout is compact, rich artistic conception "Zhi foot mountain". Lion grove both suzhou classical garden pavilion, palace, building, hall, hall, porch, gallery of humanities landscape, more to the lake mountain stone, lives deep hole and famous in the world, known as "rockery kingdom". Lion forest lake stone rockery was more and exquisite, lake Shi Linglong, hole lives flowing, twists and turns, such as the history, is regarded as "taoyuan 18 scene". Ceiling mountain peak forest, are like the lion dance. With CDH, spit on, XuanYu, Leon xia peak, lion peak and to the ZhuFeng list. Campus construction is given priority to with YanYu hall, after hall is a lion originally bodhi authentic temple garden, Lin in A.D. 1341, the monk preached day such as Jackson went to suzhou, by his disciples. The following year (the yuan dynasty last emperor shun emperor to is two years), the disciples to buy to buy house for days like phil Jackson to build monasteries. Garden was built in the yuan dynasty to two years (AD 1342), by the day, such as master but the disciple made for in the division, the early name "Lin temple", later renamed "carry authentic temple", "divine grace temple". History, yuan at the end of the monk day if phil Jackson d disciple "at capital contribution, to buy land and house, to the teacher".

Because garden "is bamboo, Lin takes * * ta peak, the more like lion (lion)", and for days such as Jackson should b d well in zhejiang lionrock tome buddhist 27, in memory of the Buddha and the mantle, inherited the relations, take a Leo in the buddhist scriptures, so the name "ShiZiLin", "Lin". Also because the Buddha books with the word "lion roar" (" lion roar "refers to Jackson taught scripture), and many rockery resembling a lion shape and name. But have poetry "lion forest emphasizes the first 14", described the landscape and the life. Park is completed, many of the poet, painter to the zen meditation, as listed in the "lion Lin Jisheng set" of poetry and painting. Day such as master xie, disciple, gradually deserted temple garden.

Ming hongwu six years (AD 1373), 73 - year - old big painter-calligrapher NiZan (yunlin) via suzhou, participated in gardening, painting and acknowledged (with the lion figure Lin), make very famous lion grove, become a buddhist lecture and literati painting chanting songs of the resort. At the beginning of the qing emperor qianlong, temple garden is a private property, from temple temple, involved in the garden, because the park has wukesong tree, so it is also called five pine garden. For pigment comprador businessman bought BeiRunSheng 1917, after nine years of building, expansion, is still a lion grove garden east (for bayesian clan academy, learn and housing).

Ming wanli seventeen years (AD 1589), Ming surname monk begging for alms chang-an yu, rebuild the lion Lin Shengen temple, Buddha hall, thriving scene. To kangxi years, temple, garden, for the father of Huang Xi, hengchow magistrate after Huang Xingzu bought, named "for garden."

On February 11, 1703 AD the qing emperor kangxi tour at this point, given the forehead "lion Lin temple", after the qing emperor qianlong six lion grove, has been given according to the mirror round, "painting of Buddha and existing" really fun "equal plaque. Qing qianlong thirty six years (AD 1771), Huang Xi examination, refinement, reforming courtyard, named "five pine garden". To the middle of the reign of qing emperor guangxu huang family decline, garden have qian Bridges, rockery is still only.

In A.D. 1917, the Shanghai pigment company BeiRunSheng (world famous architect i. m. peis uncle) from civil administration chief Li Zhongyu purchased lion grove, 800000 silver, for nearly seven years of time to repair, add some of the attractions, and dubbed "the lion forest" old name, lion forest canopy Sioux city at one time. BeiRunSheng had prepared to preparations for the opening, but due to the outbreak of the war of resistance. BeiRunSheng died in 1945 AD, the lion by its Sun Beihuan Lin chapter management. After the liberation, bayesian posterity will be donated to the country of suzhou gardens administration over after renovation, open to the public in 1954 AD.

Emeishan jinding is the highest peak of mount emei run-length, the elevation of 3077 meters. A, the top is a little plain, the original bronze in the sun under the irradiation of sparkling, so named jinding. The jinding, people all feel empty, spectacular, amazing wonders of heaven and earth. Looked around his eyes and panoramic view of the chengdu plain, the mountains above the hills, the rise and fall like waves, minjiang river, qingyi river and dadu river, great snow mountain, WaWuShan, gong ah mountain in the mind.

The emeishan jinding on if you dont, for many, is equal to white to a trip to mount emei. So, by car or on foot, is will go to jinding. Winter emeishan jinding more magnificent, because whether it be a sunset, or the sunrise, or grand sea of clouds, only to see here.

Emei mountain, known as the most magical places in the world. 30 degrees north latitude, the planets most mysterious area, a huge number of the puzzle. And is famous for its "land of abundance" of China, sichuan basin is in the north latitude 30 degrees the birthplace of ancient civilizations in the world is not only of desertification area. Emei mountain, located in north latitude 30 degrees, southwest of sichuan basin, because of two mountain sceneries, shaped like a beautiful woman. In the third peak towering and steep day, therefore, through the ages, 3077 meters of the jinding ladder has long been known as paradise.

Since 1986, the peoples government of sichuan province appropriated $3.5 million for reconstruction. To break ground in the same year in August, after four years of intensive construction, built in 1989, transferred to emei mountain buddhist association management. New jinding China Tibetan temple construction area of more than 1690 square meters, the whole building are connected by a high, medium and low triple form, Andy house (pu), Ursa major, maitreya temple, ancestors hall, the abbot room, meditation room, monks apartment and so on. Rational layout, strewn at random have send, red Huang Wa, marble railings, marble floors, basically maintained the original pattern. Tibetan temple front China plaques for the President of calligraphy at the beginning. On September 11, 1990, with more than 200 monks from home and abroad, and thousands of people from all walks of life held a grand ceremony and medallion puja. New China Tibetan temple towering majestic, magnificent, more than the top of the elevation of 3077 meters emeishan jinding emei more add thorn. Tibetan temple rebuilt the China adopted a reinforced concrete frame structure and the stone brick hybrid structure, equipped with fire protection, lightning protection, water drainage facilities.

长城英文导游词范文

到长城旅游还是有着很多外国人的，所以你需要准备英文的导游词，下面第一范文网小编为大家带来了长城英文导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

长城英文导游词范文

The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.

Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night.

Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

Notes:1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园3. Sanskrit 梵语4. Uigur 维吾尔语

There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.

Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to theManchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)

Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.

Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.

As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

万里长城导游词400字

尊敬的先生们，女士们，小朋友们，你们好!我们将要游览的是壮丽的万里长城。我是你们的导游。万里长城是我国重点文物保护单位，在1987年12月被列入世界遗产名录,这是中国人的骄傲和自豪.

毛主席说过:"不到长城非好汉."是啊!长城是中国民族的象征,身为中华儿女怎么能不来游览一番呢?

古时候有孟姜女哭倒长城的动人传说:勤劳聪明的孟姜女为了寻找被官兵捉去修长城的丈夫,千里迢迢来到长城下,经过打听,却知丈夫已被活活累死!听到这晴天霹雳,孟姜女伤心地在长城下一连哭了三天三夜.只听"轰隆"一声,8百里长城倒下了.游客们,这是一个多么动人的故事啊!

万里长城凝结了千千万万劳动人民的血汗.是中华民族智慧的结晶.长城像巨龙盘旋在群山中,那磅礴的气势,闻名世界.

我们此时正站在八达岭长城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶着墙上的条石.单看着数不清的条石,一块有两三千斤重,那时没有火车,汽车,没有起重机,就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手,一步一步地抬上着陡峭的山岭.游客们,看着这些,我们没有理由不想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来.他们的智慧不得不让我们敬佩!

万里长城到处都是雄伟壮丽的景象,说也说不尽,下面就请大家慢慢游览吧!

长城导游词

大家好，我是今天的导游，我姓薛，大家可以叫我薛导游，今天大家游览的地方是长城，俗话说得好：“不到长城非好汉。”今天，就让我们登上长城做好汉吧!

北京长城如同一条条沉睡的金色的巨龙，静卧在崇山峻岭之间，保卫着祖国伟大的毛主席，这天安门广场，就像龙身上的一片片鳞甲;这一个一个巨大的堡垒，好像龙身上的麟，秦统一六国以后，秦始皇发动一百八十万民工，将各个长城连接成了万里长城。

中间还有一个故事：古时候是用泥和热水来粘成的，现在我们面前的就是好汉坡了，登上了它们就是好汉了!我们扶好鉄扶手，我们向前吧!

从北京出发，不过一百里就来到了万里长城的脚下，这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的，城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像一条条很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。这气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹!

今天的旅游就到这里结束了，希望大家下次再来观看这万里长城，看看我们中国这样气魄雄伟的奇迹呀!

Sun yat-sens mausoleum friends, came to a famous historical and cultural city, you must want to see the most famous, the most distinctive local attractions. In nanjing, if did not go to sun yat-sens mausoleum, say that you see only the half of nanjing. Although nanjing, long known as "the six dynasties ancient capital", has "jinling 40 landscape" and so on numerous scenic spots and historical sites, but sun yat-sens mausoleum is undoubtedly one of the most attractive, one of the most famous.

Speak of sun yat-sens mausoleum, of course, to mention its owner - the great democratic revolutionary forerunner sun yat-sen in China. Mr. Sun name sun yat-sen,. Foreign friends all call him "Dr. Sun yat-sen". Because he is engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan when used pseudonym "zhongshan firewood", so he is regarded as sun yat-sen in China. Sun yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866 in xiangshan county (now zhongshan city) in guangdong province tsui a peasant family. He flew high and rare successively studied in Honolulu, Hong Kong and other places, to practice medicine in places such as guangzhou, Macao after graduation. He later medical politics, and in Japan in 1905, the organization to China union, had been pushing for the prime minister, put forward the "drive out by lu, to restore the, the establishment of the republic of China, the average land ownership" famous platform, and "nation, civil rights, the peoples livelihood" theory of the three peoples principles. On October 10, 1911 years after the outbreak of the wuchang uprising, Mr. Sun was seventeen provinces representatives elected the provisional President of the republic of China, and the following year New Years day was sworn into office in nanjing. Since then, has experienced the "yuan shikai mean" "second revolution" "nation sports" such as "the movement to protect the" ups and downs, in guangzhou in 1921, he became very President of the republic of China. A Chinese nationalist party (KMT) in guangzhou in January 1924 the first national congress, he will develop the old three peoples principles for the new three peoples principles, put forward the "which was allied with Russia the peasants" of the three policy. In November the same year he came at the invitation of the feng yuxiang north discuss national plans, eventually because became ill because of overwork, died in Beijing on March 12, 1925.

Sun yat-sens mausoleum burial site is Mr. Sun was selected. This vision, meteorological ambitious, indeed is a good place to build mausoleum. You may ask; Mr. Sun was born in guangdong, died in Beijing, all his life to travel around for the revolution, why choose nanjing as a final resting place?

It is said that as early as in 1912 as temporary President Mr. Sun, soul valley temple abbot monk is has been recommended to him the "would in the former, with green ailian" feng shui treasure. That year on March 31, Mr Zhongshan for the peaceful reunification, resolutely resigned from the presidency. One day in early April, his hunting around with hu and others to the Ming tomb, came to rest now tomb is located. Mr. Sun looked around and said to the left and right sides, after the death of my future want to the land to bury the national obtained (national begging for me after I died someday, to be a pile of soil in place for body). The purple mountain, of course, the momentum of feng shui is not Mr. Sun as the root cause of this decision. Mr Sun last asked: "after my death, can be buried in nanjing zijin foothills, for nanjing interim government was established, so dont forget the xinhai revolution." So, although Mr Sun in nanjing residence time is not long, but nanjing is has special significance for Mr. Sun. He chose nanjing purple mountain as a burial site, fundamentally speaking, is to commemorate the revolution, the revolution colleagues.

To respect Mr Suns wishes, made up of people of lady soong ching ling, sun fo field at Chinese Taiwan, Dr. Sun yat-sen was buried things choose good ling addresses, delimit to repair the tomb of 20xx mu, and publicizing award, solicitation mausoleum design scheme. In many candidates, bell pattern of young architects Lv Yanzhi design was awarded the first prize, he himself has been hired to host all project. On March 12, 1926, Mr. Suns death, the first anniversary of the foundation stone laying ceremony was held. Lasted more than three years, cost 1.5 million silver dollar, sun yat-sens mausoleum was completed in the spring of 1929. Sadly, study in the United States, talented young architects Lv Yanzhi, in the process of host JianLing, exert all his efforts and unfortunately as suffering from cancer of the liver and Mr. Sun, near the end of the project, died just 35 years old. Held on June 1, 1929 manusoleum, Mr. Suns body from Beijing to nanjing. From then on, more than 60 years, Mr. Sun has been buried here.

Sun yat-sens mausoleum built can be said to be a great event in the history of nanjing. That year in order to meet Mr. Sun spirit pivot, nanjing west, built the first asphalt road -- zhongshan port, east to zhongshan gate, 24 in zhongshan road. Until today, zhongshan road is still one of the main artery of nanjing. And renovation renovation in the Ming dynasty the gates dajie, and was renamed zhongshan gate. Between zhongshan gate to sun yat-sens mausoleum was built a lingyuan road. As the house in Paris a person with wonderful avenue for pride, people are proud to fifth avenue in New York, nanjing people about their city is the most beautiful boulevard. And this article 3 kilometers of lingyuan road which is the best representative of the nanjing avenue undoubtedly. On both sides of the "green corridor", the main trees planted with nanjing - ng. People called it the French phoenix tree, but back up, it is our "special local product of China. Because French people from yunnan it transplanted into Shanghai French concession, only got such a TuYangJieGe name now.

Driving the car out of the scene, along the lingyuan road, half moon square before the ends, sun yat-sens mausoleum. Everyone please look toward the south, square south is an octagonal stone stage. On the statue of binaural baoding three feet of red copper, weighs 5000 kg, 4.25 meters high, abdominal diameter 1.23 meters, is one of the tomb memorial decoration. The tripod cast in autumn 1933, donated by zhongshan university in guangzhou and tai chi-tao wrote all the teachers and students. Ding side cast a "wisdom, kernel, brave," three words, is zhongshan university school motto. Ding ShuYou within a hexagonal bronze, engraved with calligraphy xiao ", the full text.

With the order by the square, right against the face is a four jacaranda three que door to the type of stone arch. This monument was built in the 1931 ~ 1933, 12 meters high, 17.3 meters wide. Built alleys and using all of these large fujian granite, but the Chinese traditional timber structure form. Everybody looked up and can see fang forehead midline glittering "fraternity" two words. This two word is the script of Mr. Sun, original from tang han yus "the way" "love to benevolence" a word. It is said that Mr. Suns favorite topic this two word away. Mr. Sun life dedicated to the bourgeois democratic revolution in the spirit of great love, strive for national independence and freedom, to say "love" the word is highly generalization and the best portrayal of his life.

By love fang going forward, it is a long 480 meters, the pyramid-shaped mound tens of meters wide. Sun yat-sens mausoleum of the overall design, outstanding traditional Chinese style, solemn and unique. In order to reflect the noble of Mr. Sun, sun yat-sens mausoleum used the ancient mountain for ling practice, will build the elevation 160 meters rooms full ling peak. In addition, the construction of land vegetation of axisymmetric, give a person the sense with statutes and solemn. Please look forward, toward the north slope, in turn have a mausoleum doors, pavilion, after the kiosk of trajan and the kiosk of trajans burial chamber construction, etc. The pyramid-shaped mound on both sides of the cedar, Sabina chinensis, two two relatively gingko, red maple, instead of the ancient penchant for stone golem, a symbol of the suns revolutionary spirit and noble quality. Cedar is the worlds four big freshman ornamental tree species, has now become a nanjing city were made.

In the end is the platform. According to the design of Lv Yanzhi, the mausoleum plane for "MuDuo" form. Priests, is usually we say big bell. In ancient times it was announced to make laws and war of church and state. Hear the sound of the priests, and spread very far, there are "make the world all of" inter-cultural. Tomb to choose such a scheme, let a person cant help but think of Mr. Sun. "the revolution has not yet been successful, comrades still need efforts", its purpose is to posterity. Here was the Lv Yanzhi design platform of square edge of "liberty bell". The magnificent three arches, is a land of official start. It is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide, 8.8 meters deep, is also made of granite in fujian. On banners in the door is sun yat-sen calligraphy "for" all over the world, from the "rites. LiYun" in the "road trip, for" all over the world, which mean the state power is not one of the world, but the world is in the world, the citizens of the world. This is Mr. Sun life ideal, he also advocated a great annotations to the three peoples principles.

The mausoleum doors is on display. Pavilion in the middle of the 9 meters high giant monument, engraved with the KMT elders tan yankai calligraphy of "Chinese nationalist party (KMT) was prime minister Mr. Sun in the June 1, in the eighteenth year of the republic of China" 24 distillation gold ous characters. When discussing the erection plan written by wang ching-wei, hu hanmin, respectively, inscriptions, epitaph, etc. Can be spent two years also didnt write. Everyone thinks Mr Ideological achievements are beyond the general text, so just dont write inscriptions, and in the form of use now.

首先映入眼帘的是一座帖金彩绘，翠顶株楹的仿清牌楼，高大雄伟，上面的彩画叫做旋子彩画，上书“津门故里”四字，它肯定地指出了古文化街附近一带是820__年前的一处聚落，当时统治北方的金人在这里建立天津城市最在的监置——直沽寨。今日的天津就是以这一带为原始中心区域，逐渐开发拓展形成的，六、七百年间始终是天津城市商业繁华地段，对天津地区的开发起过难以估量的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的。

好，请大家随我一同走进这条街吧，大家注意到没有这条街的许多店铺门面檐下、枋间都有一幅幅彩画，这些都是开光清式苏画，大多是人物故事。我们来看一下集珍阁下枋间的彩画，上面画的是《三国演义》中的8幅画，有“桃园三结义”、“虎牢关三英战吕布”、“凤仪亭吕布戏貂婵”、“当阳拒曹”等，从西蜀角度着重刻画了刘备、关羽、张飞三人的忠义英勇的故事。我们在看对面梨园阁枋间，上面画的是古典戏曲名著《西湘记》，描写的是崔莺莺与张君瑞的恋爱故事。

好，我们往前走，边走边看，每间店铺上都有彩画，每幅彩画都有一个故事。好了，现在我们已经来到了宫前广场。著名的天后宫就坐落在这里了，在进入天后宫之前，我们先来看看对面的戏楼，这座戏楼是天津最早的露天舞台，也是天津最早的群众自娱自乐场所。戏楼是木结构楼台式建筑，坐东朝西，东通海河，西向宫前广场，上面是戏台，下面是通道，还可以过马车。原先的戏楼距离天后宫只有5米，周围都是低矮的平房，显得拥挤杂乱，__时戏楼被拆毁，我们现在看到的戏楼是1985年时重建的，高12米，宽10米，进深11.5米，抱柱贴金楹联上写：“望海阔天空千帆迎晓日，喜风清云淡百戏祝丰年”。在过去，戏楼是酬神演出的主要场所，没年农历3月23日天后娘娘华诞这一天，酬神演出就达到了高潮，后来日本侵略军占领天津后，戏楼终止了酬神演出活动。

好，现在我们转过身来看看，天后宫山门前有两棵高大旗杆，直插云宵，格外引人注目，这就是幡杆，高26米，幡杆由若干根铜糙木和铁糙木接成，外层缠麻抹灰，再涂上油漆，经冬历夏，坚固结实。据说幡杆初立时，一方面挂灯，为往来三岔河口的漕船导航，另一方面则作为天后宫的陪衬物，使整个建筑群显得错落有致，气势不凡。后来便为农历每月初一、十五进香及庙会期间专门悬挂天后封号长幡使用。

请大家继续往前走，现在我们看到的就是天后宫的主体建筑了。天津地方民间素称天后为“娘娘”，所以天后宫又被称作娘娘宫。它始建于元代，以后各朝各代均多次重修加固。大家知道我国寺庙大多坐北朝南，可是，天后宫却是坐东朝西的，这是为什么呢?因为津门三岔河是漕运中的必经之地，既是河运的起点，又是海运的终点，成为河海联运的中转站。当时航海技术不发达，漕船经常葬身鱼腹，为满足船民、商贾及政府官员在漕运中所需要的精神寄托，祈求海神天后对航行的庇佑，就在海河西岸建起了天后宫，庙门朝东，直面海河，南来北往的船只，都抛锚停泊，进庙烧香。有些船只因没时间或某种原因无法靠岸，船民、商贾也可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安。这样，既满足了登岸信徒的民俗崇拜要求，也顺应了当时繁忙的航运需求，满足了无法登岸信徒的民俗崇拜要求。

我们现在看到的是山门，为砖木混合结构，九脊歇山青瓦顶，有三门，中间为圆形拱门，取意古代说法“天是圆的”，两旁为长方形便门。门额上刻有“敕见天后宫”四字，中间拱门内有“护佑三津”的匾额。天后宫初建时并无此山门，这坐山门是乾隆20__年增建的。

大家随我进去，迎面为木结构的两柱一楼式的牌楼，左右两边分别是鼓楼和钟楼。走过牌楼，展现在我们面前的是前殿，殿内中间供奉的是护法神王灵官，两侧为“千里眼”、“顺风耳”和“加恶”、“加善”。

我们现在穿过前殿，来到了正殿，这里是供奉天娘娘的地方。坐在正中的就是天后了，我们前面说过天后娘娘可以保佑过往船只的安全，那么天后到底是什么神呢?既然称天后，必是女神无疑了，她不是玉帝、西王母那些空想编造出来的神位，而是依据实有的人和某些传说夸张附会而成的。

史书上说她姓林，宋代福建莆田湄洲岛人。因为出生后一段时间内不会哭，故起名林默。她她生长在海岛，习于水性。相传她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，决心终生行善济人，同时她又熟悉水性，常渡海救助海上遇险的渔民，最终不幸被台风夺去了年轻的生命，死时年方27。又相传，在其死后显灵救助难民的事情时有发生，于是海上的富商纷纷拿钱修建妈祖庙，祈求渡海平安。当然这也都是些传说。不过，在宋代，我国的航海事业虽有较大发展，但在当时造船和航海技术的条件下，海上安全是无法保障的广大的航海人员幻想有一种超人力量来保佑他们平安地飘洋过海。林默的一些动人传说，自然很容易被选中作为超人力量的偶像。关于天后的传说起初只流传于浙、闽一带，后逐渐被官府承认，宋朝时先后被封为“灵惠夫人”、“灵惠妃”元朝时被封为“天妃”，到清朝时候才被封为“天后”可见封号逐步加升。

穿过正殿，我们来到了藏经阁，藏经阁旧称后楼，是砖木结构的二层楼阁，建于明朝，后经多次修整。

穿过藏经阁，现在我们看到的是启圣祠，也就是后殿，原为祭祀天后的父母的地方，后来作为存放皇会期间天后娘娘出巡的木雕轻像的地方。在天后宫内两侧的厢房是天津民俗博物馆，里面介绍了天津城、天后宫及皇会的兴起变迁。从侧面见证了“先有天后宫，后有天津城”这一说法。同时还陈列着明代天津城砖，清代漕运模型人，婚俗展览等。

恭王府位于北京市西城区前海西街，是清代规模最大的一座王府，先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸，后被赐予恭亲王奕欣，由此得名恭王府，并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程，故有“一座恭王府，半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近，这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成，南北长约330米，东西宽180余米， 占地面积约61120平方米，其中府邸占地32260平方米，花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路，每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂，殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦，显示了中路的威严气派，同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩，厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝，至今仍长势甚好，在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”，是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致，主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋，大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段，为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制，是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼，东西长达156米，后墙共开88扇窗户，内有108间房，俗称“99间半”，取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”，俗称恭王府花园，徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应，花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口，以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心，前有独乐峰、蝠池，后有绿天小隐、蝠厅，布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽，缠枝藤萝紫花盛开，使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天，怪石林立，环山衔水，亭台楼榭，廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化，别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至，寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街，建于1776—1785年，原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅，和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后，此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时，由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功，慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他，而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿，恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿， 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁，现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无由证实，但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》，说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大，占地约6万平方米，分为府邸和花园两部分，拥有各式建筑群落30多处，布局讲究，气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园，园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱，东、南、西面均堆土累石为山，中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑，手法颇高。山顶平台，成为全园最高点。居高临下，可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成，和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题，如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂，其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格，其所表现的特点尤为突出：

一、 规格最高，可与宫殿建筑比美：

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断，还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池，装修成室内小园林，更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多，形式多样：

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处，而且具有多种类型，如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活，空间丰富：

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分，格局多样，其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间，又有私密性的小空间，既有对称式的，也有非对称式的，还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客，有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动，有的适合起居生活，有的作为寝息，不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细，技巧高超：

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木，用材异常讲究，加工的木料可以作出细小的截面，雕刻花纹起伏精确，而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格，只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成，施工难度之大，令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修，绝大部分已经无存，今天通过研究王府文化，要进一步将其发掘出来，结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求，再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海， 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于清政府十五年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间，初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年，这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣，身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职，重权在握，显赫一时，乃大筑邸园，同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局，就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸，后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林，总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆，尚朴去华，明廊通脊，气宇轩昂，仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山，古树参天，曲廊亭榭，富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常，开合有致，实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载，在这块位于京城前海西岸，被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上，元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院，香火旺盛，游人如织，就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶，该寺院才逐渐荒废，沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后，在这里建造大小不等的院落若干，供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后，在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅，相中了这块四周萦水，遥接西山，而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地，遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产，建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”，是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知，第一代府主和珅，是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士，又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官，在清史中十分惹人注目，有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德，后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻，使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年，和珅因罪赐死，嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时，乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订，将来不管谁当了皇帝，都要“办”掉和珅，惟十七皇子永璘说：“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝，只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我，我就知足!”

说到永璘，或者许多人都不太熟悉，但若提起他的孙子，那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻，恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官，但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比，他总还算是一个敢于负责，能够委以重任的人。因此，从同治朝起，奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前，他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣，那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一，他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动，"辛酉政变"时，就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说，如果没有奕欣，整部中国近代史，乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性，那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑，自从它诞生的那一天起，就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质，命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年)，和珅被处死之后，嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部，赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半，是因为当时，乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主，是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主，其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月，当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时，皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子，但天生神力，能开十个劲的硬弓，时常陪着父皇骑马打猎，乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女，他不只一次叹息："你要是个阿哥，这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确，十公主非但武功卓绝，而且胸襟非凡，当和珅春风得意时，驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵，公主就曾经严肃地训斥他："你阿玛受我父皇厚恩，不思回报，却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊，到了身家不保的那一天，连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话，虽不幸言中，但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情，没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位，公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二，西为庆王府;东为公主府，一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月，十公主去世，整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下，而那时，永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后，按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定，王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡，生计艰危，未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第，以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样，没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年，小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费，将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票"，以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后，利上加利，原先八万银元的抵押款，滚到了近二十万，穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年，由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学，以教会之间的关系，用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款，产权遂归这所大学。1937年，辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍，收回房产，将府邸部分作为女院，并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死，这样，府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年，原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒，又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年，恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年，中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院，盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年，又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋，建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间，厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏，到七十年代中晚期，花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌，其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁，但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院，除皇帝和家眷外，任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟，以为家居之所。于是，王府便产生了。今日的北京城里，还有60余座清代王府，其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里，这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前，北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”，最中心的是故宫，外面的第二层是皇城，为政府衙门，第三层是内城，为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层，才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步，还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京，有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写，人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景，每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物，因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮，你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩，你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩，亲王12排，爵位越低，数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大相和坤，他修建了庆颐堂，模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这是其中的一条罪状。

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

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Hello everyone! First of all, on behalf of the travel agency, I would liketo welcome you to Chaohu for sightseeing and sightseeing. I am your guide. Todaywe run this arrangement, the first in the morning tour of Hutian Shengjingtemple, on Laoshan Island, on the way to swim Lake Avenue, Chaohu, Kameyama; WeiLi in Chinese restaurant, afternoon tour silver Ping Shan Scenic Area, theconcept of the Millennium - p.suffruticosa, fairy cave, Spa Resort back rest. WeChaohu city is named for Chaohu, it covers an area of 9423 square kilometers,the total population of 4 million 500 thousand, under the jurisdiction ofLujiang County, Wuwei County County, Hanshan County, as well as the Juchaodistrict boundary between Hefei and Wuhu in two cities, Hefei, Chuzhou, and thesurrounding Luan, Anqing City, bordering the river, Wuhu, and TonglingMaanshan City, the three look relatively. Chaohu in the Shang and Zhou Jian NanChao, the spring and Autumn period to nest in Qin and Han Dynasties set JuchaoTang home, Chaozhou, later called the county, 84 years instead of Chaoxian,Chaohu City, in the 99 year the State Council withdrew the county of ChaohuCity, the establishment of the prefecture level city of Chaohu.

Our Chaohu cultural landscape and the natural landscape is very rich, it isknown as the garden of Anhui, Chaohu specialty is also very much, such as ChaohuChaohu honey, Sophora japonica, fireworks, etc.. Now our car is driving on theLake Road, the Lake Avenue is a set of tourism, flood control, traffic in one,in the 91 years after the flood that began to build up, a total length of 53meters, then you can see the left is our Chaohu lake water, 800 squarekilometers, lake the 23 towns are surrounded by three County District, andLujiang County, Feidong County, Feixi county and Juchao district. We Chaohu andDongting Lake, Hongze lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu and are known as the five largestfreshwater lakes, and we Chaohu in the five largest freshwater lakes are thesmallest. Chaohu, also known as the coke lake. It is said that in ancient timesof Chaohu, a small white dragon without rainfall except sweat, sweat, madetiantiao, was the emperor censureddescends to earth, when coke Laoshan saved,the small white dragon at the focal Laoshan life-saving grace, so he told theemperor to trap nest the matter, and inform all the neighbors in Laoshan cokeso, all the neighbors to Mian victims, however, but when the coke basking byneighbor delay the chance to escape flooded, the daughter also lost a pair ofshoes in a hurry to run and was flooded, and later people to commemorate thefocal basking spirit, will be in the lake called coke lake. The coke is made ofa mu Laoshan, daughter turned into a mountain, one of her shoes into the shoehill.

Of course, this is just a myth of Chaohu. The real Chaohu formation is ofcourse the result of the movement of the earths crust. The three treasure ofour Chaohu is silvery fish, white rice prawns and crabs. Chaohu lake basin ismainly Yuxi River and Yangtze River flows through their cattle Tunhe. Laoshanisland covers an area of 0.86 square kilometers, 105 meters above sea level. Thetower that we see now is the Wenfeng tower. There was a sharp peak aroundLaoshan, Luzhou champion. In order to verify the Ergui Luzhou Fu Yan Song, inthe Ming Dynasty for four years (1631) built four storey tower, after thepeasant uprising and stop work, to the four years of the Qing Dynasty (1878)Foreign Affairs Minister Li Hongzhang and Juan, built three storey tower, thetower has seven floors, eight horns, 51 meters high, 133. The tower post carved802 Buddha statues, stone tablets 25 questions. There is a poem in Guo RuomusPoems: yaokan Chaohu Kingnet, love aunt hair like oil, namely, second auntbasking.

"North scenery, freeze, you spend a lot. Look inside and outside the Great Wall, but a more vast..." Hello everyone, I am the guide from the trip - xue guides. This time we will go to one of the historical and cultural heritage, the Great Wall.

The Great Wall from the qin dynasty began to build, to resist the invasion of the huns was built. From jiayuguan to shanhaiguan, full length more than thirteen thousand. Today well visit the Great Wall at badaling. You see, it is tall and strong, with huge stone and ChengZhuan built in. Everyone to see, on the top of the walls covered with square brick, very smooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel. Outside walls along the rows of buttress has two meters high, there are square lookout on buttress mouth and nozzle, is for the benefit of the outlook and shooting. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, is the bulwark of station troops. War, between the ChengTai can mutual echo.

Everyone look at the countless stone, with 2 - one thousand catties a there was no train, car, no crane, rely on countless countless hands and shoulders, step by step and carried on the steep mountains. How many working people sweat and wisdom, to condense into the former does not see the head, after the end of the Great Wall.

Everyone who knows the great probably how many people died? To fix the working people of the Great Wall with ninety-six percent of people are in the process of the Great Wall and completed less than two weeks to death. "Meng jiangnu cry the Great Wall" is to prove it. Is really "the dead times comparable to hurt, still hold pestle" zombies!

Now, there are many people on the wall disorderly painting, carving, and litter. If you want to keep the beauty of the Great Wall, dont damage the Great Wall. It is built against the many working peoples wisdom and sweat! Let us act, to protect the Great Wall, to protect the motherland good things!

Visitors, now we have the Great Wall, the end of the todays trip to the Great Wall. Thank you for your support, we see you next time.

Everybody is good! My name is wang, can call me the king tour guide. Today we are going to swim the Palace Museum, it was listed as a world heritage site in 1987.

Look! In front of us now is the Palace Museum. It is also called the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, is the worlds largest and most complete existing ancient wooden buildings. It is Ming yongle built four years (AD 1406), 14 years to complete, covers an area of 720xx0 square meters. There are 9999 palace. A total of 24 emperors successively in this reign.

Now we three buildings in the Forbidden City is the most attractive, the solar temple, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are all yellow glass roof and green white stone base, decorated with resplendent and magnificent painting. Tell you a recent discoveries: all of the imperial palace palace is arranged by along a north-south axis, and to expand on both sides, north and south straightening, left and right sides is symmetrical. The central axis not only within the imperial palace, and nanda YongDingMen, north to the bell tower, drum tower, throughout the entire city, verve, magnificent plan is rigorous, very spectacular. Inside the palace is now about one million items of precious historical relics and art collection. And, more importantly, the imperial palace construction according to the layout of function is divided into the outer court and the imperial palace, the outer court and the imperial palace by a gate of heavenly purity, dry outside the south gate of dynasty qing, north of the imperial palace. The outer court in taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace three main halls as the center, in addition the two wings with mandarin house, therefore the court, south three, hall of martial valor, office buildings, etc. Im afraid you will ask, and the imperial palace? Dont worry, stay will say to the imperial palace area.

Ok, we can say now. Because we came to the center of the imperial palace, after three palace, the palace of heavenly purity, alternating between tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility. Imperial palace flanks are yangxin temple, east sixth, west sixth palace, the hall of abstinence, min city palace. Although they like in front of the three main halls (yellow glass roof and green white stone base), but the internal structure of the east to the table, tea table, west cultural relics for the chair. Three palace, the imperial and creature door, after the creature door to the north gate, east gate DongHuaMen, Simon called xihua gate, main entrance is the meridian gate.

Okay, now into the free browsing time, time for three hours, please pay attention to the points:

1. Not call, do not run, do not disorderly touch, do not tamper with, do not litter;

2. Keep quiet;

3. Now back to the location of the set on time.

How time flies, suddenly the say goodbye. The tourists, goodbye! Hope the next time you come to Beijing to visit the Forbidden City!

Yangmingshan National Park was formerly known as Tatun National Park(1937-1945), which was established during the Japanese rule in Chinese Taiwan. Locatedin the outskirts of Taipei, the administrative area includes Beitou District andShilin District of Taipei City, and Wanli District, Jinshan District, ShimenDistrict, Sanzhi district and Danshui District of Xinbei city. Geographically,it belongs to Datun volcano catchment area. The plan was announced on September1, 1985, and the management office was established on September 16, 1985. Afterthree comprehensive reviews, the area under its jurisdiction was 11338 hectaresby 20__.

Yangmingshan, formerly known as tsaoshan (Tai Luo: TSH á u-suann),generally refers to the mountainous areas of Datun mountain, Qixing mountain,Shamao mountain and Xiaoguanyin mountain, rather than a single peak. During theQing Dynasty, the government worried that the bandits could hide in the forestto steal sulfur, so they set the mountain on fire regularly, so the wholemountain area could only grow Miscanthus.

During the Japanese rule period, in 1927, Chinese Taiwan Riri Xinbao held a popularvote to elect "Chinese Taiwans eight scenic spots and twelve victories", and Caoshanwas elected as one of the twelve victories of Chinese Taiwan. The Japanese call Caoshan"Chinese Taiwans Hakone.".

Datun National Park Association was established in 1932, which included thearea of Datun mountain in the scope of National Park. On December 27, 1937,Tatun National Park was established at the same time as two national parks,namely, the second high Taroko National Park and the new high Alishan NationalPark, until the surrender of Japan in World War II in 1945. At that time, theTatun National Park included the Guanyin Mountain on the other side of theTanshui River.

In 1945, the national government acquired Chinese Taiwan. In 1950, President JiangZhongzheng changed the name of the mountain area formerly known as Caoshan toYangmingshan in memory of Ming Dynasty scholar Ming. In 1962, the then PublicWorks Bureau of Chinese Taiwan province began to plan Yangmingshan National Park, with apreliminary planning area of 28400 hectares, including the north coast,Guanyinshan and Datun volcanoes.

On September 16, 1985, after years of planning and settlement of landresource disputes, Yangmingshan National Park was officially established. Itsscope is mainly in the center of Datun volcano. It does not include the GuanyinMountain in the Japanese rule period and the initial planning, nor does thenorth coast. On October 17, 20__, the north coast and Guanyin Mountain Nationalscenic spots were planned by the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry ofcommunications.

Kunming lake dianchi lake for short, is located in the southwest of yunnan kunming, around 300 square kilometers, in more than 1800 meters above sea level, even your depth of 5 meters. Pool of the surrounding mountains, acquainting, famous countless, wide, green lake, excellent scenery. As a result, was regarded as one of the jewels in the yunnan-guizhou plateau. The formation of the dianchi lake is located in the bottom because the fall of faults, forming lakes. Heave near the mountains, endless miles. Underground cave not counted, liaoning benxi water tunnel and devoted WangTianDong, shenyang Tibetan army hole and its contrast, like a snail and elephants. Composition nets

Magnificent grand view pavilion, in the lake. Chinas most famous historical records a coupon from the long, recommended by chairman MAO. The western hills near the risks and magnificent, haigeng sports park, zheng he park, famous in the world, nie ers tomb, let a person respect, stone mountain village, white fish mouth, kuanyinshan magnificent appearance, the prosperity of ancient tomb complex sites let person fancy here.

, looking up, lakes and mountains, loud and clear, that look very cool. Why napa lake, breeding and growing fast. Years, built roads and tourism, tourists as a cloud. Brigitte chicken mountains and golden horse very image, between the shores of lake shi, tree forest. A and a looming temple, especially yan temple monks chanting loud voice to the morning bell and evening drum reminders, echoing in the mountains, is a beautiful picture.

Many mainland minorities, such as bai, dai, SaNiZu, fine clothes. Stand before is not expensive ethnic handicrafts, such as batik dress and jewelry. Many flavor snack, I just dont back to the assembly meeting to eat lunch and dinner, as some are full.

Yang Dian scholars in Ming dynasty there are poems said: climate is often as one, 4 flowers on spring. Is singing the weather and beautiful scenery here, seems to be added to travel a vacancy.

Yuanmingyuan located at Beijing haidian district, west, eastern. A largeYuYuan originally qing dynasty royal 52 acres, and covers an area of about thelayout is tasted glyph, total area reaches 350 hectares. Yuanmingyuan garden"million" the laudatory name, the garden of qianlong dynasty it into theoriginal pavilions, more than 140 place, the total area of 350 million squaremeters. Its onshore construction area and the imperial palace, the waters areaand as large as equal to one the Summer Palace.

History by yuanmingyuan garden, is, changchun park, WanChunYuan)composition adas spring park (. Three parks tight photograph adjacent,appellative yuanmingyuan. Total covers 52 acres (about 350 hectares) than theSummer Palace, the larger the whole range from nearly a thousand mu. It is inthe feudal emperors in qing dynasty more than 150 years, create and managementof a large royal GongYuan. Yongzheng, qianlong and jiaqing;, light, toward theemperor xianfeng five, ever the elder lives in yuanmingyuan leisurely enjoyment,and in this Daniel, held outside the politics, it and the Forbidden City (thepalace) with the national political center for then, by qing emperor, called"just".

Yuanmingyuan, not only to garden, and also is a famous royal museum, thecollection is extremely rich, be rated as cultural treasure. Hugo said: "even ifour country (France) all Notre Dame together all the treasures, nor with thegrand hall of the Oriental bright and richly comparable." museum Park displayexquisite, who has a large collection of luxurious of art treasures. Accordingto the westerners witnessed yuanmingyuan garden, "describe the scene, the richlybrilliant to can draw color chuai says, also the europeans can see." "All kindsof precious treasures, all in the royal villa, buildup in this bustling." Thefinest rosewood furniture of carve patterns or designs on woodwork, exquisiteancient crushed grain porcelain and enamel bottle lamps, zhijin weave silverbrocade, felt blanket, goods, gold-plated of pure gold France, exquisiteyuanmingyuan layout, clock, gem of embedded system ridges diagram, the scenerylifelike characters, and its own board other kinds of exquisite productsandEuropean various dazzling decorations, everything.

Now, with the yuanmingyuan site park site as the theme, formed thesolidification of history and full of vigorous vitality garden atmosphere uniquecombination of tourism landscape, already has the significant political historyvalue and one place rare tourist resort. Yuanmingyuan ruined tragedy, was thesymbol of the Chinese nation, humiliation, has become the rebirth of imperialand will continue to be the Chinese nation striving, increasingly prosperoustestimony. As special planning in 20__, the promulgation of the basic goal ofsite park built yuanmingyuan has clearly present before us.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to our travel agency. My name is Zhang Chengxuan.Please call me Zhang Daohao. We are about to arrive at our destination. Let meintroduce our terminal, Longmen Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes, located in LuoyangCity, Henan Province, is a milestone of grotto art in China. There are two hugeGrottoes: Dongshan grottoes and Xishan grottoes.

The most spectacular one is Xishan grottoes Here we are. Tourists, pleasefollow me. Dont lose me. Look, thats Xishan grottoes. Its very beautiful.Lets go this way first. Its called Qianxi temple. Why is it called thisstrange name? Qianxi temple is named for its continuous stream of water. Themain Buddha in this one is Bodhisattva, with two disciples, two Bodhisattvas,two heavenly kings and so on. Lets go further Now, our place is called Binyangcave, also known as Binyang three caves, which are North cave and middle cave.South hole, three holes.

Next, we went to Fengxian Temple, the most famous place in LongmenGrottoes. Lushenafo is the most famous. He is more than ten feet tall. He isreally the best.

Finally, I would like to remind you not to damage cultural relics. Litter,goodbye!

天安门英文导游辞

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

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Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center ofBeijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of HeavenlySuccession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, andserved as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative andresidential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections ofthe Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at thetop of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book ofChanges, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremestatus of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was theplace where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was theissuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall ofSupreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister wouldthen carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hallvia Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragonpavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), toTian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil andmilitary officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower wouldprostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decreeto the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box andlower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally becarried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry ofRites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the wholecountry.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued byGolden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the mostimportant passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would gothrough on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’sPark), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park wasformerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offeringsacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the greatpioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s CulturalPalace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of thedeceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer GoldenRiver),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these sevenbridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of theemperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridgesflanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family andwere therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each sideof the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and werenamed Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for theuse by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( commonBridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the eastand the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meantas sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They areelaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao maybe traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention toone of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a woodenpillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it wasoriginally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and nowit serves as an ornament.

Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty

Hello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.

Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.

Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.

Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello everyone! Im the guide of snowflake tour group. You can call me XiaoZhao. I will lead you to a beautiful and spectacular Huashan.

Huashan is called Huashan because it is said in shuijingzhu that it lookslike a flower from a distance. It is also called Huashan because of the commonuse of "Hua" and "Hua" in ancient times and the accent of local people. Huashanis closely connected with Huaxia and is the symbol of the Chinese nation.According to Zhang Taiyan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, "Huaxia" and"Zhonghua" were named after Huashan. As early as in the book of history, thereare records of Huashan. In the records of history, it is also recorded that theYellow Emperor, Yao and shun all traveled to Huashan. Dozens of emperors, suchas Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Tang Taizong, Wu Zetian, and Tang Xuanzong, also wentto Huashan for large-scale sacrificial activities.

Huashan Mountain is one of the most famous five mountains in China, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is located in Huayang City, Weinan City, 120kilometers east of Xian, Shaanxi Province. It is adjacent to the smooth WeiheRiver Plain and the roaring Yellow River in the north, and Qinling Mountain inthe south. It is a granite on the north side of Qinling ridge. With the changeof nature, Huashan is a national scenic spot.

"Everyone catches up with the team. Huashan Xiang is famous for itsprecipitousness and precipitousness, ranking first among the five mountains. Asthe saying goes, "Huashan has been a road since ancient times.". Along the way,you must pass through qianchizhuang, baichixia, Laojun plough, Shangtianti,canglongling and other extremely dangerous thoroughfares.

Look at this. This is Pinus armandii. Pinus armandii has yellow male coneswith several oval spatulate scales around the base Resin can be extracted fromtrunk, tannin extract can be extracted from bark, aromatic oil can be extractedfrom needles, and oil can be extracted from seeds.

I hope you can have a good day! Next time I will travel with you!

Looks very spirit, today we will visit the Great Wall, please get ready. The Great Wall is the longest in China building is one of the most famous building in our country in its length to reach more than thirteen thousand, we often call it the Great Wall

First we went to the Great Wall on foot, you see the Great Wall by tall solid, is made of huge stone and ChengZhuan. With square brick on the top of the wall, very smooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel.

Did you see the side holes like teeth, small square and a fort? Let me tell you whats the use of these three things? The hole like the teeth! Its called now.i hope mouth, I think youll be scanned mouth phase know why is it called? Ill tell you, war, the eighth route army uncle there to see the situation, the small square called nozzle which is used for archery. The fortress was used for ChengTai can mutual echo.

Everybody go tired, also hungry? Can eat the food, I send you a bag for garbage, remember not to litter, let me tell you a story, is the story about the Great Wall, qin shihuang before is just fight a lot, and then he thought of the built the Great Wall, and he put all men are caught to build the Great Wall of qin, qin shi huang is afraid of the men ran away, so give tied up in the mens feet. How much the sweat and wisdom of the working people to suspected as the former see head, after the end of the Great Wall.

What do you think I this guide when? Next time I come to you when the tour guide.

Armies of passengers, everyone! Welcome to visit the Summer Palace, I am a small lead decorous wen, please we care a lot! Ok, Ill tell you something about knowledge about the Summer Palace!

The Summer Palace, is Chinas largest and best-preserved imperial garden existing, is one of Chinas four big gardens, known as the royal garden museum. The other three gardens as: chengde summer resort, suzhou the humble administrators garden, and the lingering garden in suzhou. The Summer Palace was built in 1750, built in 1764, the 14 years, built out of the plane or on the surface of the object is about 290 hectares of the Summer Palace.

Now we enter the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is a beautiful big park, around the hall, came to the famous promenade. The aisle has more than 700 meters long, divided into 273. You look up, each cross sill have colorful paintings, painted figures, flowers and plants, landscape. Thousands of picture is not that is the same. Look at both sides, both sides gallery, filled with flowers and trees, a phuong havent flowers, that a phuong flowers opened again.

Armies of passengers, covered corridor, a mountain emerge in front of us, the mountain is called longevity hill, 58. 59 meters, halfway up the hill, a triangular pyramid three house building stands in there, that is the Buddha nasal pavilion. The rows of resplendent and magnificent palace, under the row is cloud temple.

On the mountainside of the longevity hill, the Summer Palace landscape in half closed, are the quiet like a mirror in front, green, like a jasper lake is kunming lake, it accounted for three-quarters of the dominated.

Coming down from the longevity hill, the kunming lake. Lake center has a small island, the tips of the trees, we want to the island by a stone bridge, there are seventeen little tunnel in this stone, so called ten 7 bridge. We look at both sides, bridge railing on hundreds of pillar, pillar are engraved a little lion. A lion also have different attitude, no two are the same.

Armies of passengers, todays trip to the Summer Palace is almost over, I hope you have fun!

Chongqing, located in southwest China, the Yangtze river and the jialingriver interchange, and surrounded, wrap, river city mountain alongside water,cascade, both famous for jiang. The upper Yangtze river, 470 kilometers longfrom east, north and south 450 kilometers wide, with a total area of 8.2 squarekilometers, and hubei, hunan, guizhou, sichuan, shaanxi and other provincesborder. Is a famous mountain city of chongqing, it is the most prominent featureof the terrain ups and downs, stereo sense is strong.

Chongqing is a unique tourism resources. Throughout the city, the city ofbashan stretches, YuShui vertical and horizontal, overlooking the has a longhistory, cultural heritage deep, form the mountain, water, forest, springs andwaterfalls, gorge, hole, etc as one of the magnificent natural scenery and meltba-yu culture, national culture, immigration culture, three gorges culture, the"capital" culture, urban culture in a batch of rich cultural color. From XiaYuwang live with a door and not into the "" three TuShan old mark, manycelebrities to the kuomintang and the communist party of work site; From bigNingHe historic hanging coffins, and decisive to "fold the scourge of god" oceanfishing city sites; From well-known ancient and modern in the three gorges ofYangtze river, to the man who dazu grottoes, composed with chongqingcharacteristics of "mountain city scenery", "the Yangtze river three gorgestourism golden line" and "eight big characteristic tourist area", a total ofmore than 300 spots, of which more than 10 national cultural relics protectionunits.

Chongqing is Chinas famous historical and cultural city, has more than3000 years long history and glorious revolutionary tradition, taking chongqingas the center of the Cuban chongqing region is the birthplace of ba-yu culture,the land gave birth to the chongqings long history. 2 ~ 30000 years ago thelate paleolithic, for human life in chongqing area. The 11th century BC chowperiod, people in chongqing for capital, Pakistan has been established. Laterqin destroy Pakistan, the world for 36 counties, the county is one of them.Jisheng period Pakistani territory to the original chongqing city as theadministrative center, the jurisdiction of the northwest in eastern sichuan,western hubei, hunan and suck area. Since qin and han dynasties, the area mostof the time as a unified administrative jurisdiction, the administrative centeris located in the original chongqing.

Chongqing are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity.Religious believers 100 more than ten thousand people, open 215 of religiousactivity venues, registration staff of 321 people. The masses of believers andreligious people raised the banner of patriotism and support of the party andgovernment leadership, for economic development and the construction ofsocialist spiritual civilization has made a contribution.

Chongqing people in one thousand to form the New Year the Spring Festival,15 view lamp, the tomb-sweeping day ancestor worship, the Mid-Autumn moon andsuspension wine festival, sit sedan, fly a kite, folk custom, compared withother parts of China the same. But because there are five tujia and miaoautonomous county of chongqing, the two both passion and nation has its ownunique folk traditional holiday. Sacrifice, prayer, festival activities such astujia, miao "autumn", etc.

A mountain city of chongqing, has its own unique festival every year. Suchas chongqing cuisine culture festival held every year in October or so, if youwant to taste the famous snacks and flavor dishes, dont miss. Chongqinginternational drinks beer festival, and weighing the Munich beer festival, isthe summer carnival. In addition, there are magnetic device mouth temple fair,TongLiang dragon Lantern Festival, dazu county fair and ghost town templefair.