自我面试英文介绍范文(实用20篇)

i am a third year master major in automation at shanghai jiao tong university, p. r. china. with tremendous interest in industrial engineering, i am writing to apply for acceptance into your ph.d. graduate program.

education background

in 1995, i entered the nanjing university of science & technology (nust) -- widely considered one of the china’s best engineering schools. during the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. i was granted first class prize every semester,in 1999, i got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test.

at the period of my graduate study, my overall gpa(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. in the second semester, i became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. this year, i won the acer scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. presently, i am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of excellent graduation thesis.

research experience and academic activity

when a sophomore, i joined the association of ai enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research. with the tool of opengl and matlab, i designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system. it is now widely used by different research groups in nust. i assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for nanjing sewage treatment plant. this was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.

in retrospect, i find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the ph.d. program. my future research interests include: network scheduling problem, heuristic algorithm research (especially in ga and neural network), supply chain network research, hybrid system performance analysis with petri nets and data mining.

mr. gao

给张：

我这几天对你的冷漠。期望我们还能像从前一样好。

我这天晚上在百忙之中抽出一点宝贵的时光给你写这封道歉信。期望你看了以后能及时原谅我的过错，我会以此为鉴，厉精图志，改过自新，重新做人，请求你给我一次机会，我会用我的实际行动证明，你的决定是无比英明神武的!在我难过时你那一声声的安慰;忘不了，在我快乐时你送来的祝福;忘不了，我们一齐乘风破浪时的背影。不知不觉之中，我发现了你是我最好的朋友。有什么快乐我第一个想与他分享的人--总是你。我总是说:你的女朋友多，每说到这，你都生气。其实这是对你的嫉妒--为啥你有那么多的朋友，我没有。

而这天，你对我说话，少了一份热情，多了一分冷漠;你的快乐不再向我分享;qq聊天你不搭理我。

或许一切因我而起，我从来不重视你的友情!放学，你好心等我，我只有冷冷的一句:‘你等不等我无所谓’还有。

我错了，对不起。这天我才发现我最好的朋友是你。你在qq好友之中把我删除，我才发现我要失去这份友情。

愿时光载着我们回到开学那天，重新找到这份友情。

原谅我

Dear sir/madam:

On , we will host an evening of celebration in honor of the retirement of , President of . You are cordially invited to attend the celebration at , , on  from to p.m.

has been the President of  since . During this period,  expanded its business from to . Now it’s our opportunity to thank him for his years of exemplary leadership and wish him well for a happy retirement. Please join us to say Good-bye to .

See you on .

Yours sincerely

Good morning，every teacher.

It’s my great pleasure to be here.first,let me introduce myself. I’m dingqibing,from Zhejiang Shaoxing,as everyone kowns,it’s the hometown of luxun.

My three-year study in the university as a student,I have build up a solid foundation of professional kownledge.I think I like study.For example,teachers may not explain a point of kownledge clearly in class.After class,I’m very happy to study it ,especially its derivation.( 推导过程)

I’m fond of automation,I find it in my third year in the college.After some experiments about programming,I fall in love with it.Maybe it is dull for someone,but I’m patient,when it comes out,it’s so exciting.

In my spare time,I will play basketball,read books or go to somewhere by bike.I do like climbing.In my opinion ,it’s meaningful to climb up one step by one step. So far,I have climbed Zijin Mountain many times.And I like to challage myself.In May,I joined in 5000’s meters running,and I enjoy it.

During three years,I attended association of psychologic.And from last term to now,I’m the senior assistant.Through those ,I get a rich experience of socia activities.

All in all,when I determine to do something,I will try my best.

That’s all.Thank you.

everybody is good, my name is called tang jia.i in the sixth grade, faced with rose the middle school now,father and mother,grandfather paternal grandmother,teacher schoolmates place the very big expectation to me, i will certainly not disappoint their expectation, will study diligently,passes an examination junior middle school‘s key class! in the future will become social a person of great ability and tremendous potential, will make the contribution for the motherland!

尊敬的各位评委老师、各位同学：大家上午好!我叫，来*学院*级*班，和前面的*同学一样，我也是来竞选的，我竞选的职务是秘书长。我是一个充满梦想的女孩，但愿在这青春之歌高亢之际，用我的真心和热血在奉献的过程中实现一点点价值。今天，我再一次站在讲台上，想抓助这个机会留在社团管理中心。在社团工作已经快两年了，从最初的懵懂、无知、不适应，到而今的熟悉、热爱和理解。我在社长和各位师兄师姐的带领下，逐渐成长为一名合格的社团工作者。两年的工作，使我明白，社团管理中心是一个团结奋进的集体，是架起老师和同学、学校团委和各社团之间的友谊桥梁，经过社团联同学的努力，成功在各个社团间建立起信誉，为我校社团文化的发展做出了不朽的贡献。之所以竞选社团联合会的秘书长，是基于以下三点原因：第一，实干的作风，好学的心态督促我来竞选!两年前，我是抱着学习的态度进+++学社的，两年后，我仍然抱着学习的态度来进社团联合会。虽然我不懂的东西还很多，未知的困难不可预测，不过好学的我，希望这个重要工作能在我踏实、诚恳、谦虚、负责的带领下，促进社团联和会协调、和谐、快速的发展;第二、我想在实践中成长自己。作为一名当代大学生，只是学好书本知识是远远不够的，还需要在实践中来成长自己，以达到校训“”的办学目标，成长为一名合格的++大学生;第三，良好的工作经验和深厚的社团感情促使我来竞选。我在+++学社，主要是在秘书处工作，并担任秘书长一职，和社团的朋友结下了深厚的感情。虽然社团工作有不少经验，却(但是)也有不少教训，不过我相信我可以很娴熟的接手秘书处的工作。因为我坚信，付出和收获是成正比的，这也是我在知行学社的最大收获。如果我竞选成功，我将在以下三点开展工作，第一，总结上任的工作经验和教训，结合现在社团联的具体情况，为新工作的开展寻找一个合适的方向和目标;第二，秘书处的工作量大，事多。我将以身作则，为各部树立榜样，勇于承担责任，悟尽所能帮助大家共同进步。还要充分发挥各位同学的主观能动性，做一名称职、优秀的领导;第三，协助主席团和各部工作的顺利开展，加强社团联和各社团的联系，为++++社团文化的繁荣和发展做出自己应有的贡献。因此，我想在社团联发展和完善自己。以上就是我这次竞选的演说，希望各位评委和同学给自己提出意见，我将虚心接受大家的批评。最后，我想给各位竞选的同学说，不管结果怎样，你们永远是我的好朋友，谢谢!

尊敬的领导：

您好!我是一名具有扎实专业知识，具有团队协作精神，具有坚强意志和充满自信的机械学子——。

扎实的专业知识是成功的根本。我深知这一点，充分利用大学四年时间，认真学习，并且取得了良好的成绩。通过大学四年的学习，不仅使我掌握了机械行业的相关理论，而且使我具备了较强的动手能力和设计能力。

随着社会化大生产的发展，社会需要具备多项技能的复合型人才。在学好专业课的同时，我自修了计算机、外语和国际金融等热门知识。在计算机方面，能熟练运用FORTRAN、C语言进行编程，并能熟练运用AUTO CAD、WOTD进行绘图和文字处理。

在外语方面，具有一定的听、说、读、写和译的能力，曾完成5000字的专业文献翻译。此外，对金融也表现出浓厚的兴 趣，曾自修了《国际金融》、《证券投资》、《货币银行学》等基础专业课。并曾在股市小试身手，积累了一定的经验，增长了见识。总之，拓宽了自己的知识面，提高了自身素质。

团队协作精神是发挥所学的保证。为了它，我积极参加集体活动，具备较强的协调能力。

坚强的意志是成功的必备素质。我有知识，我重团队，我自信，我坚信……

现在，我以满腔的热情，准备投身到现实社会这个大熔炉中，虽然存在很多艰难困苦，但我坚信，大学生活给我的精神财富能够使我战胜它们。“长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海”，希望贵公司能给我一个发展的平台，我会好好珍惜它，并全力以赴，为实现自己的人生价值而奋斗，为贵公司的发展贡献力量。

给我一次机会，还您一个惊喜!选择我，没错!

此致

敬礼!

各位游客大家好，接下来，我们将前往香山公园景区。首先，请允许简要地介绍一下景区的概况。香山公园位于海淀区，北京市西郊,是国家AAAA级景区，北京市精品公园，20_年通过ISO9001国际质量管理体系和ISO14001国际环境管理体系认证。景区占地180余公顷，是一座历史悠久、文化底蕴丰富、具有山林特色的皇家园林。

香山公园历史悠久，文物古迹众多,早在1186年就出现了人文景观。香山寺曾为京西寺庙之冠。

在辽代，这里是私人宅邸。当时有个中丞名阿勒弥者，见这里山青水秀，遂建宅舍。金世宗完颜雍大定二十六年(1186)，始在此山建大永安寺，亦叫甘露寺，即现在香山寺之前身。金章宗时，又在此建会景楼和祭星台建筑，从此皇家苑囿的规模初步形成。清乾隆十年(1745)，动用了大批人力、物力、财力，对香山进行了大规模建设，形成了盛清时期京西“三山五园”之一，即"静宜园"。此时园内景物非凡，建筑多样，各式的亭台楼阁、廊轩馆榭、牌坊、庙宇等分布在山峦坡坎之上，掩映在茂林绿荫之中。

香山四季美景不断。如果把北京西郊比作北京现代化大都市的"后花园"。那么,历史悠久的香山公园便以"春天山花烂漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋红叶飘丹,冬林银妆素裹"的自然景观,成为北京西郊的绿谷"氧吧"。公园内树木繁多,森林覆盖率达96%，仅古树名木就有5800余株，占北京城区的四分之一，公园具有独特的"山川、名泉、古树、红叶"资源。香山红叶驰名中外，1986年被评为"新北京十六景"之一，成为首都秋季最靓丽的一道景观，每到深秋时节，数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山，共赏秋色。

也许各位会问，香山问什么叫做香山呢?大家不妨猜猜看。

(可能是五花八门的答案，也可能，是有人知道的)

其实，香山的得名原因有三种说法，其一是：香山海拔557米，最高峰顶有一块巨大的乳峰石，形状像香炉，晨昏之际，云雾缭绕，远远望去，犹如炉中香烟袅袅上升，故名香炉山，简称香山。

圆灵应现殿两侧各设罩子门一座。殿后高台之上，是“眼界宽”厂厅一座三间。正间外檐向东挂“眼界宽”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。眼界宽南北接出游廊，又似环爬山廊，曲折而上，与“青霞寄逸”楼相连。

青霞寄逸为两层歇山顶，上下各三间的楼一座。下层前檐向东挂“青霞寄逸”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆宝。第二层，楼外檐向东挂“鹫峰云涌”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆宝。]j_2PSJG

青霞寄逸楼下，靠壁建有“水月空明”殿一座三间。正殿外檐向东挂“水月空明”匾一面，绿地蓝字，乾隆宝。

水月空明殿前建有“詹卜香林”六方亭式楼一座三间。第一层，亭外前檐向东挂“詹卜香林”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。第二层，亭外前檐向东挂“无住法.轮”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。第三层，内隔断上挂“能仁妙觉”匾对一分，乾隆宝。亭外前檐向东挂“光明莲界”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。

双清泉

双清泉位于古老的香山寺脚下，为香山南山之水。根据《天府广记》记载:“丹砂井在香山下，相传为葛稚川丹井。二井，一泉水上涌，一泉水横流，味及甘甜。”乾隆皇帝在香山静宜园休息时，品尝泉水，觉得清凉甘甜，连声叫好，赐名为“双清”，御笔题名命人刻在石壁上。双清泉从双清下流知乐濠、过璎珞岩、流入带水屏山(静翠湖)，流入园外。

佳日亭

佳日亭是香山公园内结构最复杂的仿唐式亭台建筑，它位于位于眼镜湖南侧，最初是拍摄电视剧《唐明皇》的时候搭建的一个道具，因其与周围景致极为协调，许多游人在此争先合影留念，而后改建为“佳日亭”。

见心斋

见心斋位于公园内北门内西侧，是园中之园。始建于明嘉靖年间(1522-1566)颇具江南特色的园林庭院，清嘉庆年间续建。传说是皇帝鉴证大臣是否对他忠心的地方，故名见心斋。院内半圆形水池三面环以围廊彩画，正殿见心斋正对知鱼亭，斋后为正凝堂，鱼池内1000多尾红鲫锦鲤畅游，使这别致的小院充满了生机。

昭庙

宗镜大昭之庙，又称“昭庙”，始建于乾隆四十五年(1780)七月。它是为迎接班禅六世来京向乾隆皇帝祝贺七十大大寿而建的，故世称之为班禅行宫。乾隆四十五年九月十九日，宗镜大昭之庙开光。六世班禅额尔德尼于乾隆四十五年九月二十日来到香山静宜园，在其行宫内游览休息。乾隆四十五年十一月初三日，班禅额尔德尼由于身染痘症，系毒火太盛，于戌时圆寂于西黄寺内。

双清别墅

香山双清别墅位于香山公园南麓的半山腰，环境幽雅，以其苍翠的竹林、遮天蔽日的银杏、挺拔的松柏、古朴的建筑引人前往。然而真正使这个地方闻名天下的并不是她的秀丽风光，而是因为这里曾是毛主席住过的地方，曾是中共中央的指挥中心，曾发生过扭转中国命运决定中国前途的大事。党的七届二中全会在西柏坡胜利闭幕后，以农村包围城市为战略思想的毛泽东，实现了他的夙愿，提出要大踏步地前进，到北平去!毛泽东主席风趣地说：“走啦，咱们这是进京赶考!”1949年3月25日中共中央从西柏坡迁入香山双清。在双清别墅，毛泽东主席指挥了渡江战役，在这里筹备了新政协，筹建了新中国，在这里写下了《人民解放军占领南京》等脍炙人口的不朽诗篇。1994年，双清别墅被命名为“北京市青少年教育基地”。这里有毛泽东当年生活工作过的原状陈列;有毛泽东与爱子亲切交谈的地方----六角红亭。有记录一代伟人的《毛泽东在双清活动展览》……。《毛泽东在双清活动展览》由《从西柏坡到北平香山》、《毛泽东在双清》、《领袖生活在香山》三部分组成，集中反映了毛泽东等老一辈无产阶级革.命家运筹帷幄决胜千里之外的军事才能，反映了老一辈无产阶级革.命家艰苦奋斗的革.命历程。

双清别墅是广大青少年进行爱国主义和革.命传统教育的校外课堂，是企事业单位、学校组织过主题党日、团日、队日活动的好场所。香山公园也充分利用这一资源，通过“我为双清站一岗”、“爱北京，爱博物馆”征文等形式开展形式多样的爱国主义教育活动，公园在双清别墅设立了有关毛泽东的图书和纪念品专柜，增加播放“毛泽东在双清”专题片和相关史料宣传片。

碧云寺

碧云寺创建于1331年，至今已有近720_年的历史，是国家级文物保护单位。碧云寺原为元代开国元勋耶律楚材舍宅修建，原名碧云庵，据说当初在修建时，正值碧空如洗，白云出岫，可谓“碧色净如云”，于是命名。后经明清两代多次修缮扩建才形成今天的规模，并于明正德年间改名为“碧云寺”。1920_年，孙中山先生在京病逝，灵柩在碧云寺停放，直到1920_年才移至南京的中山陵，为了永久缅怀一代伟人，寺内设有孙中山纪念堂和孙中山先生衣冠冢。

碧云寺整组建筑以排列在中轴线上的六进院落为主体，南北各配一组院落，层层殿堂依山势迭起，由山门至金刚宝座塔，高度相差100余米，总体布局采用迥旋串连引人入胜的建造形式，每进院落各具特色，给人以层出不穷之感，院内香气弥漫，钟磬声悠，幡幢微荡。

据史料记载，1748年，乾隆皇帝对碧云寺进行了大规模的修建，在保存原有寺院的基础上，修建了金刚宝座塔、罗汉堂和水泉院，由于原有建筑无较大变动，因此碧云寺建筑和文物基本保留了明代风格。乾隆皇帝曾经在游历碧云寺时题写了“西山佛寺累百，惟碧云以宏丽著称……”的诗句(摘自《乾隆御制碧云寺碑文》)，由此可知，碧云寺在京西寺庙中具有很高的地位。

孙中山纪念堂

孙中山纪念堂座落在香山碧云寺内，自1977年10月1日正式对游人开放以来，成千上万的社会各界人士纷纷前来瞻仰参观，是革.命传统教育和爱国主义教育的重要基地。纪念堂内正中安放着中国国民党中央委员会暨全国各地中山学校敬献的中山先生汉白玉全身塑像，左右墙壁上镶嵌着用汉白玉雕刻的孙中山先生所写的《致苏联遗书》，正厅西北隅陈列着1920_年3月30日苏联人民送来的玻璃盖钢棺，堂内还陈列着孙中山先生的遗墨、遗著。

正厅两侧的中山先生纪念堂展览室集中反映了孙中山先生革.命的一生，为人们更好地了解中山先生的生平、生活暨革.命业绩提供了珍贵、丰富的教材。第一展室内容分为六个部分：求学立志、致力革.命、推翻帝制、创建民国、讨袁护法、伟大转折。概括了中山先生为了追求真理，振兴中华，经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，推翻了大清王朝，结束了封建帝制，开创了中国乃至亚洲民主共和的新纪元，将中国革.命推向了一个新的阶段。第二展室分五个部分：抱病北上、病逝北京、暂厝香山、移灵南下、缅怀伟人。介绍了中山先生为了国家的和平统一，毅然抱病北上，直至生命的最后一息。

伟大的爱国者和革.命先行者孙中山先生，深受世界炎黄子孙崇敬和爱戴，党的_大称颂他是“中国百年巨变的第一位伟人。”毛泽东曾说：“他全心全意地为了改造中国而耗费了毕生的精力，真是鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。”孙中山先生为了祖国的和平和统一，四处奔走，直到生命的最后一刻。他癌魔缠身，不顾自己的安危，累死在北京、暂厝香山的过程就是集中的体现。1920_年10月，冯玉祥发动北京政变，电邀孙中山先生北上共谋国是。为了国家能和平统一，中山先生发表了《北上宣言》，召开国民会议重申反对帝国主义和封建军阀，废除不平等条约。11月13日，中山先生毅然抱病由广州北上。由于长途劳累，他的肝病发作，到达北京时，病情急剧恶化已是生命垂危。临终之前，他立下了《国事》、《家事》、《致苏联政府》三个遗嘱;弥留之际，他仍支撑精神挣扎着留下“和平……奋斗……救中国 ”的遗言。

1920_年3月12日上午9时10分，孙中山先生在北京与世长辞。19日中山先生的灵榇停放在中央公园(现中山公园)，社会各界隆重公祭后，于4月2日灵榇移至香山碧云寺金刚宝座塔石券门内暂厝。1920_年5月，南京中山陵落成。5月22日，宋庆龄及亲属、医、卫，在这里为中山先生敛服，复大敛于待奉移之铜棺，将更换出的中山先生的衣帽，放回原敛之楠木棺中，封入金刚宝座塔石塔内。在碧云寺普明妙觉殿(现纪念堂)设灵堂，举行了庄重的灵榇奉移典礼。5月26日移灵南下，6月1日，中山先生的遗体于南京中山陵奉安礼成。为纪念中山先生遗体暂厝之地，时“国民政府”在普明妙觉殿立“总理纪念堂”，在金刚宝座塔石券门石塔立“总理衣冠冢”。新中国成立以后，人民政府重修碧云寺后复命名为“孙中山纪念堂”(宋庆龄题写)和“孙中山先生衣冠冢”，以为后人瞻仰。

为人类社会进步作出贡献的人永远会活在人们的心中;而一切逆历史潮流的人都没有好下场，正如中山先生题词的那样“世界潮流浩浩荡荡，顺之则昌，逆之则亡。”我们希望祖国早日统一，实现中华民族的伟大复兴，以慰籍中山先生的赤胆忠心!

卓锡泉

碧云寺卓锡泉是香山北源之水。卓锡泉在明代就很有名了。《长安客话》载:“水自寺后，石岩出，喷薄入小渠，人以卓锡明之。”卓锡泉得名传说是一得道高僧，口渴至极，用带锡制小环的禅杖，一卓(卓即点击的意思)底下的石头，石头间涌出清泉，故名。有诗“跟深连地脉，溜曲绕珠寺”真切地描述了泉水折流寺院的情景。卓锡泉水点缀了“天水一色”，流入“能仁寂照”金鱼池，出碧云寺至眼镜湖西坡上，小部分流如眼镜湖，主流到见心斋，经昭庙方河，绕土山到勤政殿遗址后到月牙河，流入园外。

Beijing botanical garden is a collection of science, scientific research,travel and other functions in one comprehensive botanical garden, nationalemphasis construction is one of the botanical garden.

The Beijing Botanic Garden in Haidian District Fragrant Hill Park and theYuquan mountains (West hills near Wat Chayamangkalaram), approved by the StateCouncil in 1956, is a collection of scientific research, plant plant knowledgepopularization, visit the rest, germplasm preservation and promotion, new plantsand other functions as one of the large-scale comprehensive botanical garden.The planning area of 400 hectares, is now completed and open for tours by theplant area of 200 hectares, exhibition areas, places of historic interest andscenic beauty, research areas and nature reserves. The introduction andcultivation of plants more than 10000 species (including varieties ) in 1500000strains of. Covers an area of 900 acres. Collection of plants more than 3000species, is currently Chinas largest botanical garden in North, is specializedin plant introduction and acclimatization of theoretical study and experimentalresearch base. The whole garden plant exhibition greenhouse as the center, atotal of 13 galleries, planted with more than 1500 kinds of tropical andsubtropical plants, including stone flower, a tree, dance orchid plant.

Beijing botanical garden by plant exhibition area, places of historicinterest and scenic beauty cultural landscape, natural protection area and areaof scientific research.

Plant exhibition area including ornamental plants area ( Park ), arboretum,bonsai garden, greenhouse flower district. Ornamental plants area from peonygarden, rose garden, green peach, lilac Institute, Begonia Park, bonsai garden,lily magnolia garden, a garden show ( bamboo ), perennial flowers, peony gardenand park is being developed in the garden, the park consists of 11; by pine andcypress, ginkgo trees Garden District Maple rose area, linden willow, MagnoliaBerberis zone and sycamore, ash area consists of Quercus acutissima area ofpaulownia. Places of historic interest and scenic beauty resort by WatChayamangkalaram, Cherry Valley, the Longjiao temple ruins, " December 9th "memorial Pavilion, the tomb of Liang Qichao village, Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall.The introduction and cultivation of plants more than 56 lines, more than 5000,900000 square metre grassed. There are scientific research building, sciencemuseum. Wat Chayamangkalaram was built in the Tang Dynasty, is a nationalheritage conservation units, protecting and displaying the world rare YuanDynasty bronze Shakya Muni lying like Cherry Valley, dense forest, is in theplanning of nature reserve. Cao Xueqin Memorial Exhibition of Cao Xueqins lifeand in the Western Hills. " A dream of Red Mansions " scene.

Beijing botanical garden is the Beijing Municipal Gardens Bureau designatedpriority of the new plant introduction, domestication, breeding base. TheBeijing botanical garden has begun to take shape, are playing a more and moreimportant social benefit and environmental benefit, more and more peoplesfavorite.

20___ January Beijing botanical garden was named the first national AAAAgrade scenic spot, in 20___ March through the ISO9000 quality management systemand ISO14000 environmental management system certification and certified thefirst batch of fine park, 20___ in the capital of civilization industry madeoutstanding achievements appraisal. The garden is beautiful environment, goodorder, quality services and excellent culture to meet guests at home andabroad.

Beijing Botanical Garden ( referred to as South Park) with various plant3000 a variety of, visit the main point is the greenhouse exhibition area, thereare 13 pavilions, 1500 kinds of plants. The tropical plants accounted for 1000 avariety of, palm plants, tropical aquatic plants, succulents, Victoria roomroom, medicinal plant room, industrial raw materials plant, orchid plants,aromatic plants, tropical fruit and citrus plants. The arboretum occupies anarea of 70000 square meters, is Chinas rare silver fir trees, and SequoiaAmerica, Sri Lankas Bodhi tree. There is also a special type of garden and thenational herbarium.

Beijing botanical garden exhibition greenhouse built in March 28, 1998January 1, 20___, began to receive visitors, the exhibition greenhouseconstruction area of 9800 square meters, covers an area of 5.5 hectares, is thelargest in Asia, the world s largest single greenhouse area of exhibitiongreenhouse of Kunming World Expo, the area ratio of the greenhouse is twice asbig as the Chinese history of architecture, the big.

Greenhouse into tropical rainforest room, desert plant room, orchid,pineapple and carnivorous plant rooms and four seasons garden show, tropical,subtropical plants more than 3100 species, show perspective, strangulation,root, old cauliflorous, strange phenomenon. Exhibition greenhouse for plantscience education base, and protection of plant resources and scientificresearch are the main places. As the city of Beijing internationalization citylandmark works, the exhibition hall of the greenhouse is increasingly playing agreat social benefits.

The exhibition greenhouse of Beijing botanical garden is the 50 anniversaryof the founding of Beijing city to meet key project, botanical garden is locatedin the road on the west side, the building area of 17000 square meters, coversan area of 5.5 hectares, 260000000 yuan investment. Exhibition greenhousebuilding designed by the Beijing Architectural Design Research Institute isassumed, with " leaves to the root. " concept for the design theme, have greatoriginality to design the " roots " interwoven inclined glass ceiling, like aleaf falls in the foot of the West hills. Exhibition exhibition design byBeijing plant landscape design and Research Institute of ancient bear.Exhibition greenhouse underground foundation in 1998 3 at the end of the monthto start construction, the main steel structure and glass curtain wall will bein 1999 May completed, on 1 January 20___ open to the outside world. Exhibitiongreenhouse is divided into four main sections: the tropical rain forest, desertplant zone, four seasons garden and special plant room. Display plants 3100species more than 60000 lines, for the masses to provide rich and colorfulornamental plant landscape, learning scientific knowledge, have a higher gradeof tourist attractions. At the same time, it is the horticultural research andinternational exchanges. Exhibition greenhouse project won the Tenth NationalExcellent Project Design Gold Award, 20___ annual national high quality projectsilver medal, Beijing City tenth first prize of excellent design, " large-scaleexhibition greenhouse plant introduction and design of the scientific andtechnological progress in Beijing city " project won the two prize, was namedBeijing City ninety in the ten building.

good afternoon! im great honored to meet you here.now allow me to give a brief self-introduction:

im ,26 years old , born in city ,henan province.in year 1996,i entered *university, majoring in machincal designing and producing. during those 4 yearsstudy,i worked hard and i was always active in various activities . i gained the first scholarship for four times and i joined the communist party at the college.after my graduation in june ,i worked in --------company.i got a position in the technology department the first year and i was involved in several internet projects, such as the one for college student recruitment in henan province and the one for computer center in mathmatics department in zhengzhou university. owning to my hard work ,i was rewarded the best newcomer prize in the year . the next year, i was transferred into the principal customer department, responsible for the developing and strengthening a good relationship between the principal customers and my company .two major customers, henan provincipal department of transportation and henan provincial department of personnel, are under my work. however,with time going on ,the more i experienced, the clearer i realized that im really interested in the enterprise management .i find many enterprises have the problem of an unmatched management to its developing speed . im eager

to learn more about management and i hope i can study further in this university. so i resigned in august , and started the way to pursuing my studies. after about half years hard work, im finally standing before you honorable professors now. im really excited . though ive sacrificed much on my way to pusuing studies, i believe its worthwhile. i believe working hard will finally be repaied .thank you !

Invitation Letter

Dear Sirs, It is our pleasure to invite your staff to come to Japan for attending our business meeting which is going to be held from June 26th , 20xx until July 6th, 20xx. The invited person is: Mr. Name: Mr. Eldridge Eric Nicolas Department: Machinery & Electronic Position: Senior Section Manager Considering his attendance is really important for us, hence your kind cooperation in preparing Business Visa for the above person that enable his to have visit Japan is highly appreciated. Sincerely yours, Kunihiro Yamauchi Group Leader Global Human Resources Group

Toyota Tsusho Marunouchi Bldg,, 8-1, Marunouchi 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, T okyo 100-8320, Japan TEL. +81-3-5288-21 1 / F +81-3-5288-9100 URL. /english/ 1 AX. Human Resources & General Affairs Department

银行面试礼仪常识

银行礼仪是指银行业的全体从业人员在工作岗位，待人接物、处理问题等，以一定的必要的程序来律己律人的过程。以下是小编为您整理的银行面试礼仪常识相关资料，欢迎阅读！

银行面试礼仪常识

一、 举止

1.动态礼仪

(1)走姿问题：走路不稳、步调不一致(顺拐);看地走路;手紧贴裤子走路;端着胳膊走路;走路胳膊摆动过大。

解决方法：在模拟练习中，进行走姿练习;网络仪态视频进行模仿。

(2)鞠躬问题：不鞠躬，鞠躬幅度过大;只是点头;鞠躬时身子沉下而头却昂着;男生以空姐的姿态鞠躬。

解决方法：考生入场要先问好再鞠躬;鞠躬幅度15°~30°;男士双手要自然垂下放在裤缝处，鞠躬时不宜晃动;女士可以以空姐的姿态问好。

2.静态礼仪

(1)坐姿问题：弓背、抖腿、跷二郎腿;桌椅间距大坐不稳，趴桌子;坐姿随意、耷拉脑袋、八字脚、答题时手放在腿上。

解决方法：规范坐姿，通过反复练习逐渐纠正。了解入座或离场时应注意的事项：椅子与桌子距离不能太远，发现椅子没有放好，要事先进行调节;坐定后就不要去随意地拖动椅子;要坐在椅子的三分之二或是二分之一处;退场时需将椅子放回原处。

(2)站姿问题：身体晃;站不直;低头站立;“捂裆派”(手放在肚子上);背手站立。

解决方法： 录像或是照相，更直观地发现问题所在，有针对性地改正。贴墙法和军姿法，①贴墙法：贴墙站立，保持脚后跟、臀部、肩背、后脑勺紧贴墙面，站立10分钟左右。②军姿法：直立、抬头、挺胸、收腹、提臀、目视前方，保持立正姿势10分钟左右。

(3)手势问题：手放在腿上;手握笔答题;手转笔;手上动作幅度过大;手摆放过于死板;答题时不停地转手指。

解决方法：学习正确的手摆放姿势，但不能绝对化，因人因情况而定;握拳、转笔、手放腿上要随时提醒，逐步改正;可以用录像的方式，或是让家人监督进行改正。

(4)目光问题：目光游离;无目光交流;目光向下或向上望;始终盯着一个考官看;与考官目光交流时间太短。

解决方法：可以看考官额头、嘴唇和两眼中间的位置，减缓目光交流带来的心理压迫感。

二、仪表

1.穿着问题

(1)服装：穿着随意、颜色过于艳丽;服装不整洁;衣服裤子不合身;衣服口袋鼓鼓囊囊等。

解决方法：服装的两个原则：一是要和职位相吻合;二是要和考场气氛相适应。要选择穿适合自己肤色、气质的衣服为最佳。男性考生：秋冬可着西装，自选是否系领带。若不系领带，则不需要系衬衫第一个扣;夏天，着短袖衬衫，不能系领带。女性考生：可选套装或者套裙，夏天建议套裙，但不能过短，一般以到膝盖附近为宜，不得穿薄、露、透的衣服。冬天建议着套装，下装建议裤子为宜。

(2)鞋子：黑皮鞋白袜子;鞋子表明较脏;鞋跟声音大;鞋跟偏高走路不稳。

解决方法：鞋子的颜色和样式要与整体服装风格相符;鞋子要提前穿一两周适应;选择穿鞋的注意事项：男士皮鞋应以黑色或深棕色为主，袜子与鞋或裤子颜色相同。女士高跟鞋一般在5cm左右为主或以下，颜色以黑色为主，袜子以肤色为主。

2.打扮问题

(1)妆容问题：发型凌乱随意;唇部发干有死皮;妆过浓或者素面朝天;镜架夸张，戴有色镜片。

解决方法：建议女士化淡妆，男士保持干净整洁即可。妆容的注意事项：男士发型：前不覆额，后不遮领，两侧不掩耳，建议考试前4-10天理发;女士发型：中、长发用夹子或者发带把头发束起来，尽量盘发;短发要干净整洁。镜框与脸型相符，颜色不能太鲜艳，忌有色镜片。

(2)配饰问题：带卡通手表;配饰太多，带多个耳钉或戒指;配饰样式夸张。

解决方法：考生佩戴手表应以商务手表为主，切记佩戴卡通手表。男、女考生除了手表外，不易佩戴其他配饰。

银行面试应该注意的7条礼仪

一、服饰要得体

就服饰而言，应聘者在去求职面试前，必须精心选择自己的服饰。一般说来，服饰要给人以整洁、大方得体的感觉，穿着应以保守、庄重一点为好，不要追求时髦，浓妆艳抹，尤其是女性，如果衣着过于华丽，描眉搽粉，项链、耳环、戒指都戴上，这样会给用人单位一种轻浮的印象，影响面试的成绩。

女同志的装束以朴实、庄重为好，男同志则以整洁、干练为好。要注意提前理好自己的发型，如在夏季，男同志可穿着整洁的衬衫或T恤衫，其他季节则以合体的中山装或西装为好。

二、遵守时间

面试中最忌的首先就是不守时，因为等待会使人产生焦急烦躁的情绪，从而使面谈的气氛不够融洽。有专家统计，求职面试迟到者获得录用的概率只有相当于不迟到者的一半。可见，守时这一礼仪在面试中的重要性。因此，面试时，千万不能迟到，而且最好能够提前十分钟到达面试地点，以有充分的时间调整好自己紧张的情绪，也表示求职的诚意。

假如依照约定的时间匆匆前往，对方也许已在等候你，那样就显得你欠礼貌、欠诚意，同时还容易使你情绪紧张而影响面试效果。遵守时间有时还会有这样一种含义，即要遵守事先约定的面试时限。

三、表情要自然，动作要得体

进门时，不要紧张，表情越自然越好，在对方没有请你坐下时切勿急于坐下，请你坐下时，应说声”谢谢”。坐下后要保持良好的坐姿，不要又是挠头皮、抠鼻孔，又是挖耳朵，或起二郎腿乱抖。对于女同学来讲，动作更应得当，任何轻浮的表情或动作都可能会让招聘人员读你不满。另外各种手势语也要恰当得体、自然。

四、要讲究文明礼貌

进门时应主动打招呼：“您好，我是某某”，如果是对方主动约自己面谈，一定要感谢对方给自己这样一个机会；如果是自己约对方面谈，一定要表示歉意“对不起，打扰您了”等等。面谈时要真诚地注视对方，表示对他的话感兴趣，决不可东张西望，心不在焉，不要不停地看手表，否则，显得不尊重对方。

另外，对对方的谈话的反应要适度，要有呼应。他说幽默话时，你的笑声会增添他的兴致；他说话严肃认真时，你屏住呼吸则强化了气氛，这种反应要自然坦率，不能故意做作或大惊小怪地做出表情。

五、保持安静

在等候面试时，不要到处走动，更不能擅自到考场外面张望，求职者之间的交谈也应尽可能地降低音量，避免影响他人应试或思考。最好的办法就是抓紧时间熟悉可能被提问的问题，积极做好应试准备。

六、“听”的学问

怎样听人说话才能取得对方的好感呢？首先，要耐心。对对方提起的任何话题，你都应耐心倾听，不能表现出心不在焉或不耐烦的神色，要尽量让对方兴致勃勃地讲完，不要轻易打断或插话。

其次，要细心。也就是要具备足够的敏感性，善于理解对方的“弦外之音”，即从对方的言谈话语之间找出他没能表达出来的潜在意思，同时要注意倾听对方说话的语调和说话的每一个细节。

再次，要专心。专心的目的是要抓住对方谈话的要点和实质，因此，你应该保持饱满的精神状态，专心致志地注视对方，并有表示听懂或赞同的声音或动作；如果对方提出的问题本身很明确，但你却没有完全理解，那么你可以以婉转诚恳的语言提出不明确的部分，对方会进一步解释的。这样既能弄清问题的要点和实质，又能给对方以专心致志的好印象。

最后，要注意强化。要认真琢磨对方讲话的重点或反复强调的问题，必要时，你可以进行复述或提问，如：“我同意您刚才所提的……”、“您是不是说……”重复对方强调的问题，会使对方产生”酒逢知己千杯少”的感觉，往往会促进情感的融风。

七、交谈的学问

参加面谈的求职者不可避免地会不同程度地产生紧张情绪或羞怯心理，因此你谈话之前应尽可能地清除紧张、克服羞怯，并坦率、谦虚地告诉对方“对不起，我有点紧张”等，对方会理解你，甚至会安慰你，帮助你放松。承认紧张对推荐自己没有什么消极影响，反而会显示你实在、坦率和求职的诚意，这是良好交谈的第一步。

其次，采用呼应式的交谈，并巧妙地引导话题。求职面谈既不同于当众演讲，又不同于自言自语，而在于相互间的呼应。成功的对话是一个相互应答的过程，自己每一句话都应是对方上一句话的继续，并给对方提供发言的余地，还要注意巧妙地引导话题。如当所谈内容与求职无关，而对方却大谈特谈时，你可以说：“这件事很有意思，以后一定向您请教。现在我有个问题不明白……”，从而巧妙地转移了话题；“您认为某项工作应具备哪些素质？”以引起双方感兴趣的话题。

再次，谈话要动之以情，处处表现情真意切，实实在在。不要海阔天空，华而不实，更不能虚情假意，说假话、空话。另外，人们在紧张的情况下，往往讲话的节奏加快，这不利于进行情感交流，因此，谈话时应掌握节奏，必要时可用机智、幽默、风趣的语言使双方都放慢谈话的节奏。

Hello everyone。 My name is 。 I am years old。 There are three people in my family。 My father is a manager in a pany。 He works from 9 a。m。 to 5 p。m。 everyday。 My mom is a nurse。 She works in the hospital。 Sometimes， she has to work at night。 I sometimes watch TV shows with my family。 I am in Class Grade YY。 There are people in my class。 I sometimes play ballgames with my classmates after class。

大家好。我的名字是。我XX岁。我家里有3个人。我爸爸是一家公司的经理。他每一天9点到5点上班。我妈妈是护士。她在医院工作。有时候她不得不晚上工作。我有时候和家人一齐看电视剧。我在YY年纪XX班级。我班里有XX人。我有时候放学以后和同学一齐玩球类游戏。

2019英文开题报告

古典文学中常见论文这个词，当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称为论文。以下就是由编为您提供的英文开题报告。

一、论文题目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching

二、研究现状：

对于课堂互动与英语口语教学之间的关系，国内的研究主要集中在：(1)构建主义模式 它是以构建主义理论为基础的互动模式，司洪海在《构建主义理论与英语口语教学》中从对现有教学模式的“反思”入手，探讨将构建主义引入英语课堂教学的必要性、可行性及其意义和作用。卢艳春和路雅琴在《构建主义与大学英语口语课堂教学》中则分别“从构建知识观”“构建学习观”“构建教学观”入手，强调以学生为中心的主动性、构建性。(2)角色扮演模式 徐志敏、王瑛在《大学英语课堂互动教学中角色扮演探究》中着重探讨了在角色扮演的互动教学中教师的作用，对指导教学实践具有重要的意义。而黄玉兰在《角色扮演引入英语专业口语教学中》从角色扮演是“多为互动英语口语教学模式的应用”探讨了角色扮演这一教学方法的目的、步骤和利弊等方面。(3)以学生为中心模式 这一模式被单独研究的较少，黄影秋在《以学生为中心提高英语口语课堂教学效果的探索中》通过对学生口语课堂学习存在的问题的分析，提倡“以学生为中心”，实现教与学的“双边互动”。并提出阐述如何运用其他“教学策略提高口语的教学效果”，促进学生交际能力的提高。而刘蓉在《谈英语口语课堂互动》中则提出了互动可以创造“以学生为中心的口语课堂和整体小组作业模式”，提高口语交际能力。(4)合作性学习模式 这种模式的研究较为普遍和盛行，它兴起于美国，在后来取得实质性的进展的一种教学理论与策略。黄艳在《合作性学习在大学英语课堂的应用》中提出了以下几种合作模式，从而的出该模式的优势所在。顾晓乐在《合作性学习与情景剧表演》中从情剧表演的角度来证明合作性学习的有效性。肖巧玲在《大学英语口语教学中的合作学习》中则通过合作学习在口语教学中的实践探究合作学习应注意的原则。而慕东文在《合作性学习的特点、目标、内容和实践策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原则，对待新的理念，指导英语口语教学。(5)情景设置模式 它主要是根据gillian brown & george yuled的语言情景对第二语言习得者的交际紧张、焦虑的研究表明口语情景设置不适当，会影响学生用目标语进行交流，进而强调进行口语教学情景设置的重要性。张舍茹、孙边旗在《英语口语教学的情景设置>>中就论述我们应注意“情景互动教学中应遵循的原则”，及如何设置“英语口语教学中情景设置的形式”两个小方面局部性的探讨了情景设置这种互动模式。孙久荣在《论英语口语课的情景教学》中对情景设置这个模式从宏观上进行了分类，进而得出“开放式情景”和“封闭式情景”，为情景设置互动模式研究开辟了一个小领域。

My name is , from , in 20xx graduated from the bank school finance professional. After graduating from the industrial and Commercial Bank of China branch work for 1 years, and then worked in the City Commercial Bank for a year

People go to high, water flows downwards. The top two job because there is no potential for development is too big, so I quit my job, in order to seek better, more future work. Before 2 years of work that I have rich bank counter. I think I can be very good to win recognition of your bank the lobby manager. Thank you!

First by Goethe said: Shakespeare is with vivid words to infect humans. As the Renaissance English literature in the drama of the giant, Shakespeare made and the elegant and gorgeous language blind characteristic of the middle ages since Tudor accumulate new language, the combination of all of life within the scope of the rich language in his works have outstanding performance, fine detail to depict the character and is suitable for the plot in poetry is bold and unrestrained and emotional characteristics.

LaoYunDong believe Shakespeare typical language phenomenon, show the parts of speech conversion, the Old English inflectional ending has a large number of disappeared, and absolutely in the sense of the word, and make the nature of the original concept into things in the nature of this concept; Nature adjectives, passive meaning free conversion; Often in the works of Shakespeares hybrid adjectives; Adverbs describe chicken or replace adjectives;

Of adjectives, pronouns, verbs, nouns, pronouns, and relationship between independent participles, subjunctive mood, prepositions, sentences, and 18 aspects of Shakespeares language is pointed out the differences with modern English. Metaphor, exaggeration may not have image, may even have no image. Late Shakespeare early languages image in the static multiple, dynamic multiple; Late early pile arrangement. With image flow is; Late early ornaments level throughout the image, the symbolic image through multiple; Shortness of late early figurative language to develop slowly, to carry out, or even leap. Shakespeares use of biblical allusions, some feature prominent characters, showing the characters in a specific environment under the atmosphere of emotion and psychological state, cursing or ironic effect, expressing the authors attitude towards the characters. Shakespeare language vivid, detailed and real, full of life breath, has a great deal of vocabulary, the words in bold is clever; In the use of spoken and written language at the same time, the widespread adoption of folk proverbs, nephew, pay attention to absorb all kinds of new, creative use of some existing word said no before new meaning; From the ancient folk language, language and other languages derive nourishment essence;

A certain part of speech of words used as other parts of speech, give new vitality to language and change; Combine etymology different word use, score scenes and characters. "Hamlet > imitation of the quip has several forms; the use of witty language, seemingly unrelated ideas together, produce a sense of humor, funny; pun widely with other xi language rhetoric, a lot of use; paradox by surface ridiculous, contradictory, and actually contain the general truth of language rhetoric; in revealing and mocking rivals ironic language can always show the speaker humorous spirit at the same time, viewers and readers psychological joy; Hamlet exaggerated language by exaggerating, excessive statements of facts, words pyramiding rendering, and emphasizes the cause and effect; the use of profanity, show the cynicism of Hamlet to the ugly world. Shakespeare referenced in the bible vocabulary, allusions, 500, after Shakespeares careful processing, clever apply, in portraying the character, the increase of comedy and tragedy atmosphere produced a good artistic effect. In Shakespeares language is typical of drama language. Because it is full of language of action; finally, is a poetic language. Shakespeares pun, is often malicious wrapped, more refined, this is the time of the city and custom habits ecstasy. Sally for the pun is the language of Shakespeares exquisite special art a part, is one of the significant language features of Shakespeare.

I am. I was born in . I graduate from senior high school and major in English. I started learning English since I was 12 years old. My parents have a lot of American friends. That’s why I have no problem communicating with Americans or others by speaking English.

In my spare time, I like to do anything relating to English such as listening to English songs, watching English movies or TV programs, or even attending the activities held by some English clubs or institutes. I used to go abroad for a short- term English study. During that time, I learned a lot of daily life English and saw a lot of different things.

I think language is very interesting. I could express one substance by using different sounds. So I wish I could study and read more English literatures and enlarge my knowledge.

根据《中华人民共和国劳动法》和现行劳动法规及有关规定，甲乙双方在平等自愿、协商一致的基础上，签订本协议，双方本着遵循诚实信用的原则，达成如下协议：

第一条：甲方不收取乙方任何中介费，需交纳车费及个人保险______元。

第二条：甲方义务

1、甲方负责给乙方从__年___月___日至__年___月___日工作安排。

2、甲方负责乙方到厂车程，并安排乙方顺利就职。

3、甲方负责乙方工资结算及发放;工作时间：最低_天。

4、工资待遇：两班倒换，每周休息一天，基本工资+加班费500--2500元月，提供食宿，甲方收取乙方工资总额的5%作为管理、运作等费用，扣除所有费用后，保证每月工资500元以上。

5、如甲方到厂安排工作有误，甲方负责乙方的来回路程车费。

6、工作结束后，统一发放社会实践证明。

乙方义务

1、乙方须积极响应甲方的组织及安排，不得无故毁约。

2、乙方须提前交纳车费、保险，如遇特殊情况，出发前二周须上报公司。

3、协议期间乙方服从甲方领导，严格遵守厂方管理制度。

4、乙方无正当理由不服从管理，甲方有权单方面解除合约。

5、乙方负责提供身份证复印件5份及一寸照片8张。

6、乙方必须自觉遵守安全规则，上班期间发生的安全问题，以事实为依据，依法处理;下班后及其休息期间发生的安全意外将由个人负责。

7、进入企业后，乙方应与公司签订劳动合同。

第三条：本协议未尽事宜，甲乙双方可以协商解决。

第四条：本协议已经签订乙方不得违约，否则需赔偿甲方损失。

第五条：本协议一式双份，自双方签字之日起生效，不得涂改。

甲方：

乙方姓名：

甲方代表人签字：

乙方联系方式：

日期：__

things Tashi serious, hard working; learning ability, can quickly accept new things; cheerful, honest, humble confidence, willing to forge ahead, dedicated, studious, ambitious, strong social adaptability . Practical work, carefully, with a strong sense of professionalism and sense of responsibility, interpersonal skills, excellent team spirit.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. My name is , from City, province middle school. I feel very honored to have the opportunity to participate in the interview of your school. My dream is to obtain the ideal of the University of , in certain disciplines, diligently pursue, continue to explore and grasp more knowledge, parents upbringing, training feedback of state and society. Although I am in the culture of learning lessons are not our school the best, but I want to University of science and the pursuit of knowledge is unwavering.

Please rest assured, I will not live up to the expectations of parents and teachers, I will study hard, armed with knowledge, honor to act as his alma mater.

Blink of an eye 10 years have gone, we ushered in a new year. Summing up the work of the past year, from a personal point of view about the measurement of awareness.

Quality is the life, quality is the fundamental guarantee for enterprise development. In the fierce competition in the construction market today, how to improve the construction quality management level is every enterprise managers must think about. Factors affecting the quality of construction in all aspects. From the engineering measurement point of view, analyze the work of measuring the pay-off to ensure and improve the quality of the construction of an important role, and simply how to strengthen the management of measurement work to improve the quality of construction.

It is a very important technical work of municipal road engineering that the measuring and measuring line is an important technical work. It is inseparable from the whole process of construction, from the preparation before construction to the completion of the construction, to the final acceptance after construction. How to do a quick and good measurement of the line, is a basic technical skills and test the basic requirements.

Do the measurement before the commencement of the end

Before the start of the project, the survey and design units shall be responsible for on-site surveying and settlement according to the design documents, and the site standard point, conductor piles and crossing point piles shall be clearly identified according to the design drawings. Within the measurement of signs, must take appropriate protection measures. On the measurement of the end, it is necessary to emphasize the protection of pile position, that is, in the design unit after pile, should be timely use of brick piers or pouring cement pier and other methods to be protected, so as not to lose. These piles are generally farmland or residential areas, it is easy to be man-made destruction, and once destroyed, let the survey and design units to fill test, then delay the construction, but also increase the cost.

Midline retest and edge loft

Center line measurement is based on the alignment measurement, the road center line plane position on the ground marked in detail. It is the difference with the alignment measurement is: alignment measurement, but the intersection of the road and the straight line segment of the necessary turning point marked out, and in the midline measurement, according to the intersection and the turning point with a series of stakes will road straight Segment and curve segments are specified in detail on the ground.

The alignment survey is usually carried out by the survey and design units, and then the pile and measurement results to the construction side, the construction unit by the middle line and construction measurement.

Subgrade construction should be fully restored before the center line, according to the restoration of the pile in the road and the relevant provisions of the roadbed side of the pile. On the midline re-measurement and edge lofting, should pay attention to the following points;

One should pay attention to the distance between the intersection, the direction is consistent with the drawings; such as an engineering project has several tenders, should pay attention to the center of the adjacent tenders are closed, midline measurements should be in-depth adjacent tenders 50 ~ 100 M; attention should be paid to the center of the structure such as bridge and culvert is closed; should pay attention to the relative position of the building and other buildings and drawings are consistent. If you find problems in a timely manner to identify the reasons for the design unit.

Second, retaining pile set. It is very important to set up pile protection pile in the middle of the road, but these piles are easy to be destroyed during the construction. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the restoration and surveying work of the middle pile during the construction of the roadbed. In order to quickly and accurately restore the center pile in the original position, must be on the road before the construction of the main control point of the pile such as the intersection point, turning point, curve control points set up retaining pile. The so-called retaining pile, is outside the scope of the construction is not easy to be destroyed where some stakes set up.According to these pile, with simple methods (such as the intersection point, range, etc.), you can quickly restore the original pile point.

Set the pile should pay attention to the following aspects: in each straight section of the road, at least three control piles to set up retaining pile, so even if there is a control pile can not be restored, the other two points can be used to restore the straight section To the original position; the intersection angle of the two direction lines as close as possible to 90 °, should not be less than 30 ° angle of intersection; retaining pile should be selected outside the scope of construction, but not too far away; Pile distance can not be too far; The retaining pile must be solid and reliable, pile to facilitate the erection of measuring instruments and observation.

Set up retaining pile of curve side. For the curve segment, because of the more difficult to determine the side of the pile, re-measuring time-consuming more, so after a precise line, the edge of the curve section of the pile pile should also be set representative pile, which can reduce Repeat the measurement, reducing the measurement workload.

Third, the laying of mileage pile. After the midline pile is fixed, it is possible to lay out the control pile of the mileage pile on this basis. Mileage pile layout principle is: in the straight section, generally arranged in every 100 meters of the entire pile of cross-section, similar to the common road construction 100 meters pile layout; in the curve section of the pile to be properly encrypted, in the curve Mileage pile can be large stakes, above the mileage mark with paint or ink station, into the road outside the scope of construction on both sides of the ground, it is best to play on each side of a . To ensure that the construction is not easy to damage the case, from the embankment edge should be as close as possible to facilitate the use, generally 1 to 2 meters.

The laying of mileage piles is not addressed in most of the surveying and setting-out sections of the Construction Manual, and is not taken into account at many sites. I found in some sites, some construction technicians in the construction survey, the determination of the distance station is a long distance from a foot a foot row over, not only a waste of time and prone to cumulative error. If the mileage stakes are not allowed, then the elevation, slope quality control is out of the question.

Third, the proofreading and additional standard point

First, the use of design units set up before the standard point should be carefully checked, close the gap may not exceed the limit, such as exceeding the allowable deviation should identify the reasons and promptly reported to the relevant departments. The design unit delivers the leveling points normally set several months ago. These points in the field can easily be man-made collision or natural subsidence due to the ground changes, so be sure to carefully review before use; Second, the standard point of additional principles: the distance is generally 150 to 200 meters, Plus transfer station for the principle. The additional standard point should be closed with the design unit to pay the standard point, such as an engineering project at several tenders, but also with the adjacent standard segment of the standard point of closure, the closure may not exceed the limit.

The position of the leveling point shall be located on a solid, non-sinking, non-touching ground or a solid building of a permanent building. Can also be installed in the protection of deep-buried wood piles or concrete piles, and make clear signs. The leveling point should be checked once a month, and the level of the spot where the movement is suspected should be checked after re-inspection.

Vertical and horizontal cross-section measurement

Through the midline re-test, side piles line and the laying of the standard point, you can measure the vertical and horizontal cross-section. The main purpose of vertical and horizontal cross-section measurement is to calculate the amount of earth, so the vertical and horizontal cross-section measurement after the end of the measurement results should be checked with the design drawings. Where the results with the original within the allowable deviation, the original results shall prevail, and only when there are significant differences with the original results, can be reported to the supervisory engineer after verification changes. It should be noted that: the work must be carried out before construction. If the measured amount of earth and the design does not conform to the supervision of the approval should also be carried out before construction.Some site excavation to the supervisor before the actual amount of earthwork and design does not match, require additional visa, but the final supervision refused.So be sure to pay attention to the timeliness of the work.