南京老门东英语导游词通用四篇 江苏导游词（通用20篇）

三峡工程是中国，也是世界上最大的水利工程。它具有防洪，发电，航运等综合效益，仿佛毛泽东的一首诗：“截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖。神女应无恙，当今世界殊”。

我们在导游的带领下先后游览了截流纪念园，坛子岭，185观景台三大景点。

我们在截流纪念园观赏时，看见一个个形象逼真参加当年修筑三峡大坝的工作人员，那都是用钢板做成的。虽然不是真的，但是我们也深刻地感受到了当时修筑三峡大坝的艰难。还有那些修筑三峡大坝的巨大挖土机，搅石机等。我们还看见了三峡大坝上有很多的红色机器，每隔几百米就有一台巨型机器，十分壮观。

我们随后走到坛子岭上，站在坛子岭上有一种“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”的感觉，无论从哪个角度去看，都是如此令人震撼。

最后我们信步登上了185观景平台，导游告诉我们，这里是大坝建筑的勘测点，也是观赏三峡大坝的最佳位置。站在观景台上，鸟瞰三峡工程全貌，高峡平湖尽收眼底。站在观景台上，让江风轻轻拂面，让心慢慢安静，看江水奔腾，听浪涛拍岸。

三峡大坝仿佛一条巨龙卧在长江上，凝结了华夏人民的智慧。

江苏无锡太湖三国城导游词

游客朋友们，你们好！欢迎大家来三国城景区参观游览。

《三国演义》在中国可谓家喻户晓，上至帝王将相，下至平民百姓，书中“周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打一个愿挨”，“万事俱备，只欠东风”之类的成语更是广泛流传，为了将这部妇孺皆知的沧桑旧事搬上银幕，再现一千七百多年前那段逐鹿中原的辉煌场景，中央电视台在这秀丽的太湖之滨,苍翠的军嶂山麓投资建造了这座恢宏的外景基地。经过将近三年艰苦的拍摄，将84集电视巨著《三国演义》。三国城占地面积35公顷，是中央电视台继唐城之后的又一座影视拍摄基地，在这里，摄制组顺利拍摄了《三国演义》中的“舌战群儒”、“横槊赋诗”、“火烧赤壁”、“借东风”等重头戏，经过三年奋战，《三国演义》摄制组终于在1994年于三国城内封镜，到同年8月20日，三国城正式也对外开放了，成为无锡独具特色的影视文化旅游胜地。在2001年1月9日，由国务院召开的全国旅游工作会议上，三国水浒景区荣获国家4A级旅游景点，是全国第一批获此殊荣的仅有180家旅游景点之一。

[城门广场]大家眼前看到的两尊石雕，称为天禄和辟邪，天禄和辟邪在传说都是古代的神兽，具有吉祥、喜庆的寓意，天禄又称“天鹿”，有“永绥百禄”的意思，辟邪有“祓除不祥”的意思。

[城门楼]进入三国城后，我们首先看到的便是这座高大雄伟的城门楼，其实这里就是当年剧中诸葛亮智设空城计的拍摄场景。当年马谡（SU）拒谏痛失街亭，致使司马懿十五万大军直逼诸葛亮的屯粮重地西城，而此时孔明身边并无大将，城中只有一班文官和二千五百军马，于是诸葛亮利用司马懿的多疑心理，巧设空城计，他特将西城门大开，让军士扮作百姓打扫街道，自已带领两个琴童，走上城楼，焚香抚琴，司马懿见状，以为城中有大军埋伏，于是率兵而退。

[三国人物雕塑群]走进三国城门楼，在我们右边的山坡上有一组三国人物群雕，这组雕塑在拍完《三国演义》之后建成，正中是蜀国的人物，有刘备、关羽、张飞、诸葛亮、赵云等，右侧是吴国孙权的军队，左侧是魏国的军队。大家有兴趣不妨在此拍照留影。

[汉鼎]现在我们看到在广场中间矗立首一尊大鼎，鼎早在原始时代就已经出现了，那时它是用粘土烧制的炊具，用来烧煮食物，后来逐渐发展成为国家政权和王位的象征，每个朝代更换之际必铸新鼎，体现繁荣兴旺，国泰民安的意思，在中国历史上鼎有两种不同的样子，一种便是大家所看到的三足两耳型的，另一种便是商朝出土的司母戊大方鼎，呈四足两耳型。而这时里的鼎与古代大鼎不同，它不仅是三国城的标志，同时又寓意魏、蜀、吴三国鼎立的意思，这尊大鼎全部由生铁铸成，重达15.8吨，高度有5.17米，其重量和高度均为世界之最。1997年4月19日，该鼎在三国城内正式载入世界吉尼斯评审委员会认定，载入吉尼斯记录，这尊大鼎的落成，不仅丰富了景区的游览内容，而且充实了景区的文化内涵。

[跑马场]在古代，马是人们用来代替步行的最重要的一种工具，而马战也成为古代人极为重要的一种作战方式，在汉鼎左侧，就有一片周长400米的跑马场，在这里每天上午10：00推出大型古战争演示“三英战吕布”，参加演出的主要演员和40多匹骏马，都曾参加过电视剧>的拍摄，现在他们每天在这里为大家演示这惊心动魄、场面宏大的战争场景。这场“三英战吕布”的名声已响誉海内外，每天三国城都有大批的东南亚和港澳台的团队来观看这场精彩的节目。

[桃园]各位朋友都知道《三国演义》是从刘备、关羽、张飞三人桃园三结义开始的，这在全剧中占着重要的地位，所以这桃园就成了展示三国城建筑和风貌不可缺少的一部分。当年刘、关、张三位不甘寂寞的壮士不期而遇，都想在这乱世年代有所作为，于是一同来到较为富裕的张飞家，借着酒性在后院的桃园内指天发誓，为报国安邦立下忠贞誓言，结为生死兄弟。大家看到今天的桃园中，石径曲折，香案上青烟缭绕，园内桃花盛开，耳边不断有悲壮雄浑的《结义曲》，仿佛置身于其中。

·寒山寺导游词 ·江苏周庄导游词 ·扬州瘦西湖导游词 ·淮安市导游词 ·夫子庙导游词%

[曹营水旱寨]赤壁之战是我国古代军事上以少胜多，以弱胜强的著名之一，也是决定三国时代魏、蜀、吴三足鼎立的关健一战，而接下来我们参观的曹营水旱寨就是>中火烧赤壁的重要拍摄场景。整个曹营东西长300米，南北宽100米，采用木结构和水泥仿木结构建造，进入寨门后，我们登上三层高的曹操点将台，点将台两侧战鼓矗立，旌旗飞扬，站在点将台举目远眺，水寨风光尽收眼底，整个水寨建在太湖边上，当时“火烧赤壁”这场戏，就在此拍摄，据统计，在拍摄这场戏时，摄制组动用了九台摄像机和一架直升机，分别从水、陆、空三个方向同时拍摄，动用船只72艘，大火烧掉了50多车木柴，20多吨汽柴油，并请来三千多名群众演员参加拍摄，场面之大令人惊叹。进入水寨后，我们看到伸入湖中的一艘大船就是曹操的指挥船，走过80米长的甬道 ，便来到指挥船上，底层是曹操议事厅，是曹操议事、宴请宾客的的地方。走出议事厅来到船头，《三国演义》中曹操“横槊赋诗”这场戏便是在此拍摄，当年曹操在赤壁大战之前晚宴诸将，看到铁索连船，固若金汤，稳如平地，认为踏遍江南指日可待，心中大喜，便乘酒兴，手提铁槊，在此赋出“对酒当歌，人生几何”的《短行歌》。站在船头，一碧万顷的太湖尽收眼底，在此便能领略“太湖美，美就美在太湖水“的意境，太湖总面积为2400平方公里，号称“三万六千顷”，相当于两个香港那么大，同时它也是中国五大淡水湖之一，它的发源地是浙江天目山、茅山，经吴江、黄浦江流入东海。二楼为曹操的书房，正中一个篆体的“曹”字，桌上放的是曹操发号施令用的令牌，两边墙上的剧照就是电视导剧中“火烧赤壁”的场景。

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Now we are going to pay homage to Zhang Heng, an outstanding scientist andfamous writer in the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Heng was born and buried in Nanyang. Zhang Hengs tomb is located inShiqiao Town, 25 kilometers north of Nanyang city. It is 8 meters high and 79meters long. It is surrounded by brick passageways and octagonal walls. It issurrounded by green pines and cypresses. It is planted all over the garden,covered by green grass, and the cemetery is solemn and quiet. The front of theflower wall is the gate of January. There are two tombstones in front of thegate. One is erected in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and the other iserected in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. There is a stone inscriptionwritten by Guo Moruo in front of the tomb: "such a person with all-rounddevelopment is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship him forthousands of years."

Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, Nanyang County West e (todays Shiqiao Town)people. He was born in the third year of emperor Zhangs reign (78) and died inthe fourth year of emperor Yonghe (139). Zhang Heng is intelligent, quick andeager to learn, erudite and versatile. He has set up a towering monument in thehistory of science and culture in the world, and is known as "the worldscultural celebrity and Chinas science leader."

Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Luoyangwas the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Scholarsgathered, schools were like a forest, academic atmosphere was strong, andculture and education were unprecedentedly prosperous. In order to broaden hishorizons, Zhang Heng visited Luoyang in March of Yangchun in the sixth year ofemperor Yongyuan (1994). This time he lived in Luoyang for six years. Duringthis period, he spent his main energy on traveling to Taixue, visiting famousteachers, seeking friends, learning modestly and studying assiduously.

He was proficient in Five Classics (Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu) and Six Arts(Li, Yue, she, Yu, Shu, Shu). With the help of his good friend Cui yuan, hebegan to study astronomy, mathematics and calendar in natural science. He wrotea lot of beautiful Fu, which initially showed his extraordinary talent andattracted the attention of the society. He has a high attainments in literatureand science, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for him tobecome a great scientist.

In the late autumn of A.D. 100, Bao de was transferred to NanyangPrefecture. Recommended by Cui yuan, 23-year-old Zhang Heng left Luoyang, thecapital, and went with Bao De to Nanyang Prefecture as the governor.

In the fifth year of Emperor Han ans Yongchu period (111), Bao de andothers played on the Ming emperor in Beijing, which made emperor an know thatZhang Heng was knowledgeable, so he took the bus to Nanyang to enlist Zhang Hengto become a doctor of Shangshutai in Luoyang. Three years later, he was promotedto be shangshilang, and the next year he was changed to Taishiling.

Taishiling was in charge of astronomy, calendar, meteorology andsacrificial ceremonies. This created a very favorable condition for Zhang Hengsin-depth study and practice of astronomical calendar. In 133, Zhang Heng waspromoted to serve as a senior advisor to the emperor. In the first year ofYonghe (136), Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng was expelled from Luoyang,the capital, and became the Prime Minister of Hejian. Zhang Heng came to Luoyangfor the second time and lived for 26 years. In these 26 years, although hisofficial position changed several times, he served as the supreme historian forthe longest time. He did a lot of scientific research when he was appointed asthe imperial historian. Lingtai is the largest Astronomical Observatory in Chinaduring the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was used for 250 years. Zhang Heng notonly wrote some important scientific works such as Lingxian, earthquakecountermeasures, and notes on the armillary sphere, but also designed andcreated some ingenious instruments such as the armillary sphere and the Houfengseismograph, making outstanding contributions to mankind.

In Lingxian, Zhang Heng explained in detail the natural phenomena of thechange of lunar phenomena and the occurrence of lunar eclipse. After scientificanalysis, many scientific opinions are put forward. He recorded the stars in thesky when he was observing in Lingtai. There are 2500 brighter stars, 124 regularstars and 320 named stars. This is roughly the same as the statistics of modernastronomy that 2500-3000 stars can be seen with the naked eye at the same timeand place. The number of stars observed in Luoyang at that time is basically thesame as that observed in modern times. Therefore, he also drew the Lingxian map,which is the earliest star map in China.

江苏留园的导游词范文5篇

留园，是苏州古典园林，位于苏州阊门外留园路338号，始建于明代。清代时称“寒碧山庄”，俗称“刘园”，后改为“留园”。 以园内建筑布置精巧、奇石众多而知名，与苏州拙政园、北京颐和园、承德避暑山庄并称中国四大名园。下面是小编收集整理的江苏留园的导游词范文5篇，欢迎借鉴参考。

江苏留园的导游词范文5篇(一)

【欢迎词 1分钟】

人生所贵在知己，四海相逢骨肉亲。亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好!我代表江苏旅行社欢迎您的到来，能够在这阳光明媚的日子与大家相遇，是我莫大的荣幸，我姓杨，您叫我小杨就好了。那么，坐在我身边的，就是本次旅途中最为劳苦功高的一位，我们的司机康师傅。您别看他脸上长着青春痘，他可是有着十年驾龄的老司机了，本次旅途有它保驾护航，您可以把心放到肚子里了。在这次旅途中，我会竭诚为大家服务，如果大家有什么需要帮忙的地方，请一定要找我，俗话说得好，在家靠父母，出门靠朋友，外出旅游靠导游，希望我们能一起拥有一段美好的旅行，为大家留下一段珍贵的回忆。

【天井 1分30秒】

进了门厅，大家看到的是一个小天井，这个天井有什么作用呢?它的主要功能是通风、采光和漏水，往上可以看到天空的云朵，飞翔的小鸟，往下可以漏水。在天井后边的这个建筑是轿厅，古时候，有钱人出门，大都坐轿子，但轿夫是下等人，不允许与主人一起进入内厅，只能坐在这儿歇息。顺着边上的过道往前走.弯弯曲曲，前面有两个蟹眼天井，种了一些瘦竹，为昏暗的过道引来一些光亮。这儿也是一个天井，花台里种了桂树、白玉兰，还有石笋，合起来就是金玉满堂的意思。到了这个敞厅，大家再回过来想一想，体会一下，这一段过道由小变大，由暗转明，随着空间的变化，“放”、“收”、“再放”、“再收”，让人感觉不到过道的昏暗呆板，反而让人觉得很有趣味。同时，园主巧妙地借助这个过道将外界的尘嚣挡于门外，反映了主人“结庐在人境，而无车马喧”，不受外界干扰的隐逸思想，起到了欲扬先抑的效果。大家品味一下，走过这一段过道，是不是有点进入世外桃源的感觉?

江苏留园的导游词范文5篇(二)

各位朋友：时间过得真快，短短的一天马上就要过去了，在此我们不得不为大家送别了，心中真的有无限的眷恋，无奈，天下没有不散的宴席，也没有永远在一起的朋友，但是我相信，我们还有再见面的机会。大家在苏州的一天中游览了举世闻名的苏州园林，品尝了别有风味的苏州小吃，有的朋友还购买了许多具有苏州特色的土特产品，相信我们的苏州一定给大家留下了深刻的印象，大家的记忆中苏州一定会占有一席之地。感谢各们朋友的支持，我和吴师傅感到此次接待工作非常顺利，心情也非常愉快，在此，我代表吴师傅向大家表示衷心的感谢!不知大家的心情是否舒畅、愉快?对我们的工作是否满意?如果我们的工作能得到大家的肯定，我们就更高兴了!如果我们的服务有不足之处，希望大家能多包涵，也请大家提出来，如果您觉得现在提出不方便，请大家回去写信给我们，我们一定会改进，在下次为大家服务时做得更好。既然我们今天能相识并一起度过了难忘的一天，我相信我们是有缘的，所以在分手之际，我们希望大家不要忘记，在苏州这座美丽的天堂城市，有我和吴师傅两个与你们有缘而又可以永远值得依赖的同胞。今后如果再来，请提前告诉我们，我们一定为您打开一切方便之门。最后，预祝各位在今后的旅途中一切顺利，并希望有机会再回苏州游览，套用苏州的一句欢迎语送给大家---开放的苏州欢迎您。

江苏留园的导游词范文5篇(三)

各位朋友，我们现在已经来到了古典园林留园。留园属于私家园林，始建于明万历年间，距今已经有四百多年历史。最初是万历年间太仆寺少卿徐泰时所建的东园。徐泰时曾任工部营缮郎中，参与营造万历滴的寿宫，即十三陵中的定陵。范仲淹的后代范允临是他的女婿。他为人耿直，终因得罪权贵，被弹劾回乡。由于长期在朝为官，他深感身心疲惫，因此回到苏州后，便不问正事，每天在自己的园中赏花弄草，吟风诵月，在自然的空间中尽情地复苏着早已受到扼制的心灵。到了明清之际，东圆已逐渐荒废。到清乾隆年间，该园归吴县人刘蓉峰所有。他非常喜爱此园，得手后重新整修并加以扩建，同时取“竹色清寒，波光澄碧”之意，将园名该为寒碧庄。但由于园主姓刘，所以民间俗称为“刘园”。咸丰年间，苏州阊门外遭兵燹，园子周围街巷宅屋几乎毁尽，惟独该园幸存下来。到了同治年间，常州人盛康，即盛旭人因用偏方治好了慈禧太后的皮炎，得到朝廷赏赐的钓鱼岛等三个中国台湾海峡中的小岛用以种植草药。盛氏从此发迹，于是购得此园，并重新修建一新。盛康袭“刘园”其音易其字，将园名改成了留园。尔后，经过盛康之子盛宣怀的用心经营，留园声名大振，成了吴中的私家园林。

自抗日战争到一九四九年苏州解放，留园遭受了很大的破坏，园内建筑几成废墟。一三年苏州市人民政府对留园进行了整修，使一代名园重现丰采。一就六一年留园与苏州拙政园，北京的颐和园以及承德的避暑山庄一起，作为中国古典园林被首批列入国家重点文物保护单位。因此这四个古典园林也被称为中国四大名园。一九九七年，苏州古典园林又被联合国教科文组织整体列入世界文化遗产，留园就是首批四个典型例证之一。留园之所以能够成为世界文化遗产的典型例证自然有其原由。下面让我们从这门厅开始，到园中去细细品位一番吧。

首先请大家回头看一下刚刚进来的这扇黑漆大门，很不起眼。大家是否会想留园的主人为什么有钱造如此精美园林，却不把大门装修得豪华、气派一点呢?难道是买得起马，置不起马鞍吗?答案当然是否定的。刚才已经讲过，我们苏州的园林，很多都是辞官引退后回乡的官僚所建的私家花园。他们本着“久在樊笼里，复得返自然”。他们不爱人来客往的世俗应酬，而喜欢闭门谢客，独自在自己的园中玩石赏月，经营花草，以重归自然、寄情山水的隐士理念来追求一种隐居的生活。基于这种生活理念，苏州的私家园林均无气派显眼的高大门楼，其正门都力求淡化、简单，以求接近普通民居。

再请大家看这门厅正中屏门上嵌的一幅缀玉留园全景图。这是一九八六年时，为纪念苏州古城建成2500周年，由扬州工匠用2500枚各类玉石薄片相缀而成的。在全景图的上方高悬着一方扁额，上面写着“吴下名园”四个大字，点出了留园在苏州园林中的地位。这是由当代版本目录学家，前上海图书馆馆长顾延龙先生所题写的。在全景图屏门背面刻有清代朴学大师俞樾先生所择，吴进贤所书的《留园记》。

【门厅与桥厅间的东侧长廊】

各位现在看到院子里有一块长方形花岗岩，上面刻有联合国教科文组织所颁布的“世界遗产”标识。他是留园于1997年12月被批准作为苏州古典园林这一世界文化遗产的典型例证后，于1998年立的。

【长廊中部蟹眼天井处】

这两方小小的露天空间，苏州人称之为天井。由于他们面积太小，所以人们称之为“蟹眼天井”。这两方蟹眼天井在这里主要是为了采光而设计的。为了避免造景上的单调，在其下方各置一棕竹盆栽，以次丰富了此处的景观内容。

【“长留天地间”南院】

来到这里，请大家看这个长方形的小院。由于庭院面积有限，不能大范围的造景，所以造园者就充分利用南面这堵高高的粉墙，来为游人设计了一幅立体的“国画”。这里布置了湖石，种上了金桂和玉兰。除了寓意“金玉满堂”外，正是一幅以粉墙为纸，花石为绘的立体国画的画境。

【“长留天地间”东侧大空窗旁】

各位请看这扇窗。这是一扇没有任何图案设计的单纯的长方形漏窗，这种特殊的漏窗也叫空窗。此处如果没有这扇空窗的话，那么这里的采光就不足，就会显得昏暗。所以说，这扇空窗设计的主要目的是为了采光。和前面讲过的蟹眼天井同样道理。园林建筑哪怕是一扇门一扇窗在建筑设计时，一定得考虑其造景功能。所以为了避免空窗的单调，就利用了植物盆栽来映衬它，使他在具有采光的同时，形成了一幅生动的立体的画面，此可谓一举两得。

再请大家看这门楣上的砖刻门额“长留天地间”这几个字。这是篆刻书法，是元代周伯琦(字伯温)所写的，寓意留园这一精美典雅的古典园林能永久地保留下去，但愿我们大家都能不辜负先人的期望，保护好我们的文化遗产。

来到这里，我们已经在不知不觉中走过了一条长长的走廊，这条长廊虽有数十米长，然而造园者巧妙的使廊、屋相接，并且在比较封闭的暗处设计了“蟹眼天井”来采光，用富于变化的建筑技巧使廊在空间上产生出了明与暗大与小的对比，另游人在不断变化的空间中，欣赏着各种布置独到的园林小品，在不知不觉中走完了这段长廊。另外，从园林审美方面来看，这段长廊相对于秀美的中部远景来说，大有一种“欲扬先抑”的审美效果。因此，这段长廊不仅被园林专家评定定为“留园三大名廊”之首，而且在整个苏州古典园林的廊形建筑中也有一处佳例。

江苏留园的导游词范文5篇(四)

留园始建于明嘉靖年间，原是明嘉靖年间太仆寺卿徐泰时的东园。园中假山为叠石名家周秉忠(时臣)所作。与拙政园、北京颐和园、承德避暑山庄并称为中国四大名园，1997年被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。现全园占地约50亩，大致可分中、东、西、北四个景区。其间以曲廊相连。迂回连绵，达700余米，通幽度壑，秀色迭出。中部是原来寒碧山庄的基址.中辟广池，西、北为山。东、南为建筑。假山以土为主，叠以黄石，气势浑厚。山上古木参天，显出一派山林森郁的气氛。山曲之间水涧蜿蜒，仿佛池水之源。

留园以园内建筑布置精巧、奇石众多而知名。与苏州拙政园、北京颐和园、承德避暑山庄并称中国四大名园。一九六一年，留园被中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。一九九七年，包括留园在内的苏州古典园林被列为世界文化遗产。

留园以水池为中心，池北为假山小亭，林木交映。池西假山上的闻木樨香轩，则为俯视全园景色最佳处，并有长廊与各处相通。建筑物将园划分为几部分，各建筑物设有多种门窗，可沟通各部景色，使人在室内观看室外景物时，能将以山水花木构成的各种画面一览无余，视野空间大为拓宽。

留园全园分为四个部分，在一个园林中能领略到山水、田园、山林、庭园四种不同景色：中部以水景见长，是全园的精华所在;东部以曲院回廊的建筑取胜，园的东部有著名的佳晴喜雨快雪之厅、林泉耆硕之馆、还我读书处、冠云台、冠云楼等十数处斋、轩，院内池后立有三座石峰，居中者为名石冠云峰，两旁为瑞云，岫云两峰;北部具农村风光，并有新辟盆景园;西区则是全园最高处，有野趣，以假山为奇，土石相间，堆砌自然。池南涵碧山房与明瑟楼为留园的主要观景建筑。 留园内的建筑景观还有表现淡泊处世之坦然的“小桃源(小蓬莱)”以及远翠阁、曲溪楼、清风池馆等。

江苏留园的导游词范文5篇(五)

各位朋友：

大家好!

(站在门后留园全景图前)

有道是：“苏州好，城里半园亭。”现在，我们就来游览苏州著名的园林--留园。田园是苏州四大名园之一，代表了清代江南园林的建筑风格，结构紧凑，富丽堂皇。其余的三处分别是宋代的沧浪亭，元代的狮子林和明代的拙政园。同时，留国也是全国四大名园之一。所谓全国的四大名园，是1961年3月4日国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位中的四处园林，其中北京的颐和园、承德的避暑山庄是北方皇家园林的代表作品，而苏州的拙政园、留园则是南方私家园林的代表作品。瞧，留园的门很小，高不过2米许，宽不过1.5米，很不起眼，小中见大，这正是私家园林的典型特征之一。19987年12月4日，留园又与拙政园、网师园、环秀山庄一起作为苏州古典园林的典型范例列入联合国教科文组织的《世界文化遗产名录》。

门厅正中上方悬挂着“吴下名园”匾额，似乎要告诉我们留园曾经拥有的辉煌，大型漆雕屏风上绘有留园的全景图，它是用2500块玉石镶嵌而成的。那么，为什么要用2500块玉石呢?因为这幅图是在苏州2500岁生日的时候，由扬州艺人所雕，每块玉石代表了苏州一年的历史。通过这幅全景图，我们可以看到留园分为四个部分：中部是精华所在，以山水见长;东部以庭院建筑取胜;北部具有农村田园风光;西部林木高耸，尽得山林野趣，整个园林占地30多亩。

那么，这座园林为什么叫“留园”呢?其实，留园一开始并不叫这个名字，她最早建于明代嘉靖年间，相当于哥白尼、布鲁诺生活的年代。第一个主人叫徐泰时，曾经当过工部营缮郎中，所以他对建筑是有一番研究的，这对他后来修建东园很有帮助。因为他工作做得好，被提升为太仆寺卿，相当于从建设部的高级官员升到交通部的部长。徐泰时为人耿直，因而得罪了权贵，在遭人弹劾罢官回家以后，修建了东、西两园，东园就是今天的田园，西园后来被他的儿子捐做寺庙，也就是今天的西园寺。徐泰时去世以后，这个园子也就逐渐荒废了。到了清代的嘉庆年间，曾任广西右江兵备道的吴县东山人刘蓉峰辞官回家后买下了东园的旧址，改建为“寒碧山庄”，因为园内多植白皮松，竹色清寒，波光澄碧，所以取了这个名字;又叫“花步小筑”，因为前面有一条路叫花步里;又因为主人姓刘，所以老百姓都叫它“刘家花园”。光绪年间，湖北布政使盛康(字旭人)买下寒碧山庄废园，盛旭人精通医道，原在常州开国药店，经李鸿章介绍，献丹药治好了慈禧太后的慢性皮炎，慈禧太后高兴之下，就把中国台湾海峡的钓鱼等三座小岛赏给盛家种药草，因而盛家很有钱。

盛旭人买下寒碧山庄后就将它改名为“留园”，一个原因是“刘家花园”的“刘”与“留园”的“留”谐音，这是花园易主常用的一种改名方法，比如袁枚将“隋园”改为“随园”;再有，盛康在整修花园时曾发现一块“长留天地问”的石碑，据说是刘伯温写的，他想这个花园历经战火仍然保留下来，似乎在冥冥之中有老天爷的保佑，也希望留园能永远留在盛家手中;另外“但留风月伴烟梦”，这个“留”字又有让客人留连忘返之意。清末朴学大师俞樾在《留园记》中讲，“泉石之胜，留以待君之登临也;花木之美，留以待君之攀玩也;亭石之幽深，留以待君之游憩也。”

从留园的得名，我们可以看到园主修建花园时花费了不少心血，田园中的每一处建筑，每一个小品.每一副对联，每一处题额，都别有一番用意。因此，我们在游览园林时，必须把握住园主的用意，这样，您才能真正领会到园林的魅力所在。苏州园林大多数以“隐逸”为主题，那么，留园是怎样体现这一主题的呢?接下来，我将结合具体的景观跟大家共同探讨这个问题。

从留园的门厅到中部花园入口处的腰门，是一条50多米长的“S”形过道，这条过道是园林建筑中空间处理极为成功的例子，至于为什么要这样设计，请大家跟我一边走，一边看，一边体会。

进了门厅，大家看到的是一个小天井，这个天井有什么作用呢?它的主要功能是通风、采光和漏水，往上可以看到天空的云朵，飞翔的小鸟，往下可以漏水。在天井后边的这个建筑是轿厅，古时候，有钱人出门，大都坐轿子，但轿夫是下等人，不允许与主人一起进入内厅，只能坐在这儿歇息。顺着边上的过道往前走.弯弯曲曲，前面有两个蟹眼天井，种了一些瘦竹，为昏暗的过道引来一些光亮。这儿也是一个天井，花台里种了桂树、白玉兰，还有石笋，合起来就是金玉满堂的意思。到了这个敞厅，大家再回过来想一想，体会一下，这一段过道由小变大，由暗转明，随着空间的变化，“放”、“收”、“再放”、“再收”，让人感觉不到过道的昏暗呆板，反而让人觉得很有趣味。同时，园主巧妙地借助这个过道将外界的尘嚣挡于门外，反映了主人“结庐在人境，而无车马喧”，不受外界干扰的隐逸思想，起到了欲扬先抑的效果。大家品味一下，走过这一段过道，是不是有点进入世外桃源的感觉?

现在，我们来到了留园的中部，园中有大型假山和宽阔的水池，极具文人写意山水园的典型特征。前面的粉墙上有六扇漏窗，通过漏窗，中部的山水景色已隐隐可见、我们说漏窗好，好就好在“隐隐可见”上。用《红楼梦》中贾政的话说：“一进来园中所有之景悉人目中，则有何趣?”这六扇花窗，图案各异，大家一边慢慢地走，一边透过花窗往里边看，你会感到随着步子的移动，所看到的景色也在变化，这就叫“移步换景”或“一步一景”。并且，这几个花窗还有通风、透光的功能。墙上有砖刻“古木交柯”，“古木”指花坛里的一棵明代的古柏和一棵山茶树，“交柯”指两树枝干交错缠绕，象征夫妻连理，百年好合。此处以粉墙为底，翠柏山茶，上有砖额点缀，勾勒出一幅充满生机的山水画。

(到绿荫轩)

这座“绿荫轩”，轩名取自明代诗人高启的“艳发朱光里，丛依绿荫边”诗句。原来，在绿荫轩旁曾种有一棵老榉树，一棵老枫树，树枝像两把大伞遮在屋顶上，所以叫“绿荫轩”。在留园的中部，可以观赏到春、夏、秋、冬四季的景色，这儿便是我们观赏春景的地方。春天，前面曲桥上紫藤开花，树木发芽，似乎凸显出一幅立体的春色图。来到后边，墙上有“花步小筑”四个字，为什么要写上这几个字呢?留园一带旧名“花步里”，“步”通“船埠”的“埠”，“花步”即装卸花木的码头;“里”是指方形的街坊，即我们常说的“里弄”、“邻里”，古代五户为一邻，五邻为一里，所以，二十五户人家称为一里;“小筑”就是小的建筑，比如“网师小筑”，主人很谦虚地说，我这个花园只是花步里边上的一处小建筑而已。此处园主以墙为纸，墙角散置湖石，花坛中堆石笋，植天竺、爬山虎冲霄而上，又垂下几缕绿叶，整幅图画给人以运笔凝炼洒脱之感。

(继续向前)

前面就是“明瑟楼”，《水经注》中有“目对鱼鸟，水木明瑟”的说法，意思是看到大自然的山山水水，花鸟虫鱼，让人感到山青水秀，环境幽雅;楼下取杜甫“秋水方添四五尺，野航恰受二三人”之句，起名为“恰航”;楼旁的湖石假山非常巧妙地将登楼的踏道藏于其中，边上刻有“一梯云”，取自“上楼僧踏一梯云”，将山石比作可以助人升腾的云朵，使人有一种飘浮于仙境之中的感觉，暗含“月中折桂”的意思。大家再看看地面上的铺地，用卵石、缸片、瓷片拼成各式各样的图案，俗称“花街”，这一片铺地上的图案有“金鱼”、“莲藕”、“仙鹤”……，象征“年年有余”、“百年好合”、“健康长寿”……，既起到了装饰作用，又寄托了主人的美好愿望。

请大家随我到露台前，这儿是园主人观赏夏景的地方。池子里种植了很多荷花，夏天荷花竞相绽放，美景尽收眼底，因为露台靠近水面，所以叫做荷花台。此处，还可以观赏到前面的假山。园林建筑中的假山接材料可分为湖石假山、黄石假山和上丘假山。留国这儿的假山比较特殊，下面黄石填底，给人一种稳健的感觉，上面湖石为顶，非常秀丽，因而兼有阳刚、阴柔之美，真可谓“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”。

回过头来，大家所看到的这座建筑是田园中部的主体建筑“涵碧山房”。取自朱熹的“一水方涵碧，千林已变红”诗句。“涵”指水多，“碧”指水碧如玉，所以叫“涵碧山房”。中国有句老话叫“心定自然凉”，在这个地方，你是否有一种“闻名心底凉”的感觉呢?

(走进曲廊)

留园曲廊是苏州园林三大名廊之一，全长有300多米，另外两廊是拙政园的水廊和沧浪亭的复廊，各有特色。廊按位置可分为沿墙走廊、爬山廊、水廊、回廊、楼廊等;按形式又可分为曲廊、波形廊、复廊、廊是园林建筑中独立的有顶的通道，就像文章中的“虚”字，有连贯的作用。留园的这一段爬山廊(曲廊)高低逶迤，墙直廊曲，明暗相间，有的地方贴近墙面，有的地方又有间隙，还种了一些花草，巧妙地运用对比的方法，使廊显得更加活泼。廊在这里有这么几个功能：一是夏天可遮阳，冬天可挡雨;二是景点之间的联系纽带，天然的游览线路;三是作为平缓地过渡，巧妙地将客人引到山上的“闻木樨香轩”，观赏秋景。爬山廊的旁边墙壁上有明代镌刻的“二王”法帖。与众不同的是，此处的法帖只收“二王”书法，点评全放在释文的后面，可以让游人，特别是书法爱好者自己欣赏评点。至今，留园保存了359方法帖，堪称园林一绝。

现在大家所在的地方是“闻木樨香轩”，“木樨”就是桂花，这儿四周遍种桂花，每年仲秋，丹桂飘香，晚上可以看到明月高悬，倒映水中，随波荡漾。因此，这儿是观赏秋景的地方。我们说，苏州园林建筑的命名很讲究，此处的“闻木樨香轩”也包含有深刻的禅理，佛教的禅宗讲究悟道，佛理就像桂花香一样无处不在，无处不有，但却看不见，摸不着，无影无踪。

(进入可亭)

过了水涧、小桥，来到可亭。“亭者，停也”，也就是说可以停下来休息一下了。观赏园林有动观和静观之分。如果说走廊是我们动观园林的地方，那么亭子就是我们静观的场所。可亭的周围有一些图案，有铁拐李的葫芦、汉钟离的扇子、吕洞宾的宝剑等，这就是我们通常所说的“暗八仙”图案。亭中这个桌子是用灵壁石做成的。灵壁石产于安徽灵壁县，是石中上品，“石本磐材，叩之有声”，这在苏州园林中也是比较少见的。刚才，我们已经分别看过了观赏春、夏、秋三季景色的地方，此处的可亭就是观赏冬景的场所，它的四面种有梅花，坐在亭中可以看到园外远方山顶的积雪、冬日的夕阳……

现在，请大家回过头来看一看，对面的涵碧山房、明瑟楼与可亭形成了一个对景。所谓对景，就是从甲观赏点可以观赏到乙，从乙观赏点可以观赏到甲。从这儿望去，明瑟楼就像画舫的前舱，涵碧山房犹如船舱，两座建筑组成了一艘形神兼备的“写意抽象式”画舫，微风吹拂，波光荡漾，这艘船就像在水中缓缓航行一般。那么，为什么苏州园林中有很多的船形建筑呢?比如，拙政园有香洲，狮子林有石舫等等。主要有这么几个原因：一是这与苏州的地理环境、交通状况有关，苏州地处江南水乡，旧时船是主要的交通工具，在园中修建船舫，可以增加园林的生活气息;二是船舫集中了多种建筑形式，有厅、有台、有楼、有阁……，是苏州建筑艺术的集萃，并可增加园林建筑的层次感，使其更具有观赏性;三是船形建筑介于似像非像之间，符合中国传统的艺术表现手法和审美要求;四是体现了园主的隐逸思想，《庄子.列御寇》中说：“巧者劳而知者忧，无能者无所求，饱食而邀游，泛若不系之舟”。“不系之舟”就成了古代文人隐逸江湖的象征，成为他们来去自由、无拘无束、逍遥自在的标志;五是包含了一些政治含义，尽管他们希望隐逸，但文人士大夫骨于里的那种“居庙堂之高，则忧其民;处江湖之远，则忧其君”的思想抛弃不了，“水可载舟，亦可覆舟”，希望君主对老百姓好，实行“休养生息”的宽松政策。

这条花街尽头就是远翠阁，往下走，池中有一小岛名“小蓬莱”。《史记》中讲，瀛洲、方丈和蓬莱三座神山在渤海之中，据说山上有仙人和长生不老之药。秦始皇曾经派徐福去寻药，并在宫苑中叠造三神山，此后三神山也就成为造园中常见的题材。前面这个方亭叫“濠濮亭”。为什么叫“濠濮亭”呢?濠、濮均为水名，《庄子.秋水》里面有这么两个故事：庄子与惠子在濠梁之上观鱼，庄子说：“鱼自由自在的多么快乐啊!”惠子答道：“你不是鱼，怎么知道鱼之快乐呢?”庄子问：“你又不是我，怎么知道我不理解鱼的快乐呢?”另一个故事讲，楚王派人去请庄子出来做丞相帮他治理国家。庄子说：“我听说有一只大龟，已经死了3020xx年了，楚王用盒子把它装起来，用手巾盖在上面，珍藏在庙堂之中。那么这只龟是死了被人供奉着好呢?还是活着在污泥中摇头摆尾的好?”那两个人讲，“好死不如赖活，当然是活着的好。”庄子说：“那么你们回去吧;我呢。宁愿做一只自由自在的活龟。”庄子的这种思想与文人士大夫们所追求的隐逸淡泊的愿望相符合。所以，一进园时，我就跟大家讲，我们观赏园林必须把握一个主题，后面这样的例子还有很多。

大家抬头看，这便是曲溪楼，书圣王羲之曲水流觞，写下了天下第一行书《兰亭集序》，从这个名称也可以看出园主对书圣的景仰。曲溪楼向右就可以进入了西楼，它位于五峰仙馆之西，所以叫“西楼”。它处于五峰仙馆和曲溪楼之间，为取得统一，东边采用木菱花装饰，在尺度和比例上与五峰仙馆相呼应，而西边做成粉墙漏窗和飞檐翼角与曲溪楼相呼应，起到了一个承接的作用。一过西楼，地平临水，清风吹来，这里便是清风池馆，它以水榭的形式向西敞开，与濠濮亭、小蓬莱构成一个景区，不种荷花，池水明净，楼台倒影，环境十分幽雅。后面有“汲古得梗处”，意思是指打深井里的水要用长绳子，比喻要想求得高深的学问，就必须使用正确的方法和下极大的功夫，含义深刻，令人深思。

留园的东部是高低错落、曲折深邃的建筑群，这里是旧时园主生活起居和宴饮活动的场所，通过粉墙、走廊等划分出不同的空间，形成了重院叠户、庭院幽深的景致。

(进入五峰仙馆)

出清风池馆，现在我们所看到的便是有江南“第一厅堂”之誉的五峰仙馆，为什么叫“五峰仙馆”呢?请大家回过头来看一看前面的假山，这座假山是苏州园林中最大的厅山。留园的主人非常喜欢石头，他搜罗了大量的石头在馆南堆叠了五座小山峰，取李白的“庐山东南五老峰，青天削出金芙蓉”之意而命名。五峰仙馆是留园三代主人不断修建改造而成的，它的台基为青石，似为明代遗物。据历史记载，我们可以推测，五峰仙馆是在东园的后乐堂、寒碧山庄的传经堂基础上翻建的。五峰仙馆建成后，盛氏将其作为主厅，是生日、结婚、小孩满月等重要活动场所，通过一排纱隔、挂落、飞罩将室内分为前后两部分，南部为宴饮会客之处，布置十分讲究，以中间圆桌上的花为分界线，供桌左边为主人，右边为主宾，接下来由中间向两边，由近及远，按长幼尊卑，-一对应就坐。古时候，女眷不能在外客面前抛头露面，里边的厅相对于外边的厅叫内厅，人们还将其夫人称为内子、内人、贤内助等，内厅也可以作为退步，供下人在此听候使唤。这个厅也被称作楠木厅，因为室内主要构件均用楠木做成。楠木质地好，纹路漂亮，不用油漆，但是为什么这儿的柱子要漆成黑色的呢?原来日本兵曾将这里作为马厩，这些楠木柱下边被马啃坏了，建国后重修时只得用水泥补上，为了美观才用漆将其掩盖起来。今天，仍有部分日本人叫嚷钓鱼是日本国土，这是没有根据的。当年慈禧太后的懿旨至今仍在美国盛氏后人手中，这些楠木柱子正是当年日本侵华有力罪证。因此，我们必须牢记历史教训，不要让其重演。五峰仙馆两面墙壁上有四幅大理石挂屏，红木板上有上圆下方两块大理石，不仅在形状上有变化，而且包含了中国古代“天圆地方”之说，暗含“天人合一”的追求。民间流传留园有三件宝，即大理石座屏、冠云峰和鱼化石。我们先来看看第一宝大理石座屏，这座大理石画屏非常珍贵，石质好、石纹妙、尺寸大，仔细一看，就像一幅天然的山水画，明月、清风、野山、飞瀑集中于一块石面。这块大理石采于云南点苍山，有“雨后静观山”、“风前闲看月”的境界，全国罕见。

(石林小院旁)

这座院子叫石林小院。我们说大院要“动中观”，小院要“静中观”。大家看这边有几个字“静中观”。这个院子南北长29米。东西宽15米。园主别有用心地将院子隔出六个小院子，互相沟通，给人的感觉不是越隔越小，而是越隔越大，层次非常丰富.院外有院，景外有景。现在，大家站在这个角度看一看，上面的这块石头像不像俯冲下来的老鹰，下面的石头像不像昂头向上的猎犬?所以叫做“鹰犬斗”或“鹰斗猎狗峰”。前面的墙上好像有一面镜子，镜子里边有这只老鹰的背影。其实，它是石林小院南面小亭的漏窗，里面的背影是另一块石头，这种用隐蔽的手法构成对景、漏景、框景，匠心别具，恰到好处，让人感到院子很大，层次很深。

院中的这座建筑叫“揖峰轩”，朱熹说：“前揖庐山，一峰独秀”。轩名是来自古人文章，但是园主对石头的恭敬之情却不难发现，刘蓉峰爱石成癖，有“石痴”米芾遗风，他曾经搜罗了很多湖石名峰，在此地“筑书馆宠异之”，认为湖石不仅能给人以美感，还能得到很多为人处世的道德修养。揖峰轩环境幽雅，不妨作为三四个好友论诗作画，操琴对弈的好地方，大家看里边有琴、有棋。尤其是两桌，一边是围棋棋盘，一边是象棋棋盘，拿掉棋盘，桌子形同七巧盘，可以拆开来随意放置，小方桌可以拿到院内用来拜月，也可取一墙角放花盆、茶具等。红木菱花门窗上的蝙蝠、双钱、万字图案等都是吉祥的符号。古人读书总要找一个幽静的地方，陶渊明讲，“既耕亦已种，时还我读书”，“还我读书处”便是主人的书房，不过，它在揖峰轩的后边。

(站在鸳鸯厅前)

揖峰轩东边的这座大型的厅堂，就是留园著名的鸳鸯厅，在南部天井前的石库门上有砖额“东山丝竹”四个字。为什么叫“东山丝竹”呢?是不是刘恕是东山人的缘故呢?这几个字也说明了我们观赏园林必须把握主题的重要性。其实，“东山”也有一个典故，《晋书》上讲，谢安在浙江东山隐居，朝廷几次要他做官，他都不动心。所以后人就用“东山”或“东山高卧”指代隐居，“丝”指弦乐器，“竹”指管乐器，“丝竹”泛指音乐。天井外边原来是盛家的戏厅，在这里听戏品曲，好不惬意!置身于此，能说园主不是“东山高卧”吗?

而这“鸳鸯厅”也是一种重要的园林建筑形式。鸳鸯本是水鸟名，因为它们雌雄偶居总不分离，所以中国民俗中常把配对的事物用“鸳鸯”称之。大家请随我一起来看看鸳鸯厅有哪些特点。第一，我们从外边看只有一个屋顶，但里面却是两个屋面;第二，外边看是一间房，里边是两个厅;第三，两边的功能也不一样，有男厅、女厅之分，和冬厅、夏厅之别。大家现在所站的位置就是女厅，北边是男厅。那么，有人就会问了，男厅、女厅怎么区分呢?过去，中国社会很讲究男尊女卑。大家不妨来比较一下，男厅一般建筑华丽，梁架扁方，且精雕细刻;而女厅则比较简朴，梁架用圆木，没有什么雕饰，就连地面上的方砖男厅的都比女厅的大。如果还分不清的话，大家不妨看一看，哪边的风景漂亮那边就是男厅，这儿当然是朝冠云峰这边风景好了。除了“鸳鸯厅”名字外，它还有一个很雅的名字叫“林泉耆硕之馆”，“林泉”指山林泉石，比喻隐居休息游玩的地方;“耆”指年老的意思”;“硕”指有名望的人;“馆”是四通八达的地方。连起来讲就是：这里是德高望重的社会名流聚会的地方。银杏屏门上的这篇《冠云峰赞》是清末著名的朴学大师俞樾写的，还有全景图后的《留园记》也是俞樾写的，俞樾与盛康交情非常好，俞樾非常喜欢留园的山水景色，这些文章使得留园更加迷人。

(站在林泉耆硕之馆门前)

现在，我们所看到的这块石头就是举世闻名的“冠云峰”，“冠云峰”与苏州十中的“瑞云峰”、上海豫园的“玉玲珑”、杭州西湖的“皱云峰”，有江南四大奇石之称。冠云峰是留园“三宝”之一，重5吨，高6.5米，是我国现存最高的独峰观赏假山湖石名峰。郦道元的《水经注》有“燕王仙台有三峰，甚为崇峻，腾云冠峰，高霞云岭”之句，冠云峰之名即由此而来。

自古以来，人们就非常喜欢造型奇特的石头，孙悟空是从石头中蹦出来的，贾宝玉则是女娲补天所剩的顽石，其中太湖石最受推崇。宋代书画家米芾被人称为“石痴”，他曾让人给石头穿上衣眼，摆上香案，与石头称兄道弟，他将太湖石特点归纳为瘦、皱、漏、透。大家不妨看一看冠云峰，瘦是说这块石头苗条修长;皱指石头的表面有花纹;漏指雨水不会积存在石头上，顺着孔隙很快就会流出来;透是说石头上有很多孔洞，玲珑剔透，这只不过是这些石头的一些外部特征。文人士大夫所以喜欢石头，更是把人的情感赋予石头，对石头的要求实际上就是对人自身修养的要求。有人从瘦、皱、漏、透引申出来的顽、清、拙、丑就说明了这个问题。

我们眼前的这块石头可有一番来历了，据说是宋代花石纲的遗物。宋徽宗在东京修建“寿山艮岳”时，让朱勔帮他搜罗奇花异草、珍木怪石。朱勔利用手中的职权，巧取豪夺，搞得民不聊生，激起了浙江的方腊起义，苏州也发生了石生起义。宋朝的花石纲导致了国库空虚，政治腐败，很快就被金灭掉了。当时有两块有名的太湖石被称为“大小谢姑”，“小谢姑”没有来得及运走，后来被一位姓董的买了下来，他的女儿嫁给了徐家，将这块“小谢姑”作为嫁妆，改名为瑞云峰放在当时的东园里，留园也因为这块石头而更加出名。乾隆皇帝下江南时，苏州地方官为了讨好皇帝，将这块石头运到苏州织造署，也就是今天的苏州十中，让皇帝玩赏，一直未搬回来。盛康买下留国后，总觉得留园没有瑞云峰就少了几分灵气。因此他花了很长时间和很多银两，终于寻到了另一块石头，就是我们现在所看到的冠云峰，当时搬运它时，真可谓过河架桥，见山开路，房挡拆屋，据说这块石头也是花石纲的遗物。

冠云峰西边的石头叫岫云峰，东边的石头叫瑞云峰，是当年盛氏寻到冠云峰后为了应景才这样布置的。后来，盛康的儿子盛宣怀还将他的三个孙女分别取名叫冠云、瑞云、岫云，为留园平添了一段佳话。冠云峰前面的池子叫浣云沼，冠云峰的倒影投落在清澈的池水中，似乎主人要用这池水来清洗冠云峰。实际上也就是说，做人也要向冠云峰一样，时时洗涤身上的“尘埃”，反映了中国古代文人、士大夫对自身修养的要求。池子里边种有睡莲，水池里边养有金鱼。冠云峰的北面有冠云楼，东面是冠云亭，还有冠云台、储云庵等几个建筑，当时主人为了烘托冠云峰的高大，有意控制周围建筑的高度。大家请看，这里周围的建筑有比冠云峰高的吗?

(站在冠云楼北墙处)

冠云楼下面北墙上的这块石头叫鱼化石，也是留园“三宝”之一。这块鱼化石呈薄片状，像云母一样层层剥开，上面有二十多条小鱼栩栩如生，头骨、脊椎骨、肋骨清晰可见，令人叹为观止。有关鱼化石最早的记载，要算《山海经》了。当时人们对石头中的鱼形图案无法解释，只好发挥想象力，把它想成是龙鱼、鳖鱼，想成神仙的坐骑。那么，鱼化石是怎么形成的呢?据专家考证，是在一亿四千多万年前的侏罗纪晚期，由于火山喷发，火山灰落在河湖中，将鱼虾掩埋凝结而成的。

在我们的游览结束之前，大家不妨回过头来想一想，留园是不是到处都给我们一种古朴凝重的石文化感觉，那些用湖石、黄石堆叠的假山，营造了留园的山林气氛;那些湖石名峰，增添了留园传统艺术氛围;那些大理石座屏、鱼化石等，充满了清新而朴素的自然气息;那些墙壁上的书条石记录了留园的昔日风采，这些作品林林总总从具体到抽象，无不将中国传统文化的精华表现得淋漓尽致。人们把园林比作“立体山水画”、“无声山水诗”、“综合艺术博物馆”。我想，通过对留园的游览观赏，大家一定会觉得这种评价是很贴切的吧。

风风雨雨四百多年，留园历经沧桑，几度兴废，当时园主所期望的“名园长留天地间”，只有在人民当家作主，国家繁荣富强的今天，方才变成了现实。今天，我们可以自豪地说，留园是苏州人民的骄傲，是中华民族的骄傲，是当之无愧的世界文化遗产。

我的讲解完了，谢谢大家!

周庄素有“三吴襟带之邦，百越舟车之会”的美誉的周庄镇，历史悠久，钟灵毓秀，文化源远流长。6000多年前就有先民在此定居。他们渔猎耕织，繁衍生息，创造了灿烂的古代文明。2450年前，孔子七十二贤徒之一的言偃来到周庄，见到这里的人们渔猎耕织，一派祥和，“仓禀而知礼节”，决定在此定居施教，将黄河文明传入周庄。男耕女织是周庄自古以来形成的传统生产格局。明代时期，民间土布相当兴旺，清代走到鼎盛时期，日产土布千匹，销往大江南北以及东南亚，成为闻名遐迩的纺织之乡，有“江南布码头”之盛誉。

周庄镇工业经济发达，投资环境优越，发展前景广阔。形成了纺织、轻工、机械、冶金、化工、建材、食品、电子等十多个工业门类，拥有600多种产品，产品覆盖全国并远销上百个国家和地区。1984年11月，江苏省首家乡镇企业与外商合资的江南模具塑化有限公司成立，至今共有50多家外资企业，总投资38000万美元，外方投资到位7900多万美元，通过合资合作，周庄镇在实施经济国际化战略、大力发展开放型经济方面取得了历史性的突破，1998年，国家农业部和对外贸易经济合作部授予周庄镇为全国乡镇企业出口创汇管理先进单位。自改革开放以来，周庄乡镇工业一直名列江苏省前茅、江阴市榜首。早在20xx年，周庄就实现了“三个一”的历史性跨越：日均工业产值一亿元;人均地区生产总值超一万美元;农民人均纯收入超一万元。20xx年，实现地区生产总值151.5亿元，完成全口径财政收入12.76亿元，完成自营出口贸易额7.2亿美元，实现商品流通经营额108亿元，实现服务业增加值35.52亿元，全镇农民人均纯收入达到16250 元。

如今的周庄，经济发达，实力雄厚，拥有4家上市公司、6家省市企业集团，经济发展走在了全国乡镇的前列。20xx年，全镇工商业开票销售首次突破千亿元大关。全年完成工业开票销售868亿元，继续位列全市第一。完成地区生产总值228亿元，工业总产值875亿元，规模工业总产值790亿元，同比分别增长4.8%、4.8%和6.3%;完成自营出口贸易额15亿美元，外贸出口总量继续在全市乡镇(街道)板块中保持第一的位置。现已有6家银行在周庄设立分行，乘着打造“金融中心”的东风，全国首家乡镇级创业投资公司——中科双盈创业投资公司在周庄成立。

始建于1996年的周庄镇科技工业园区，是经上级政府批准设立，由周庄镇人民政府规划、开发、发展高新技术产业的工业园区，规划总面积30.21平方公里，建成区10平方公里，经过几年来的建设，已初具规模，20xx年12月被国家农业部命名为全国乡镇企业科技园区。区内拥有10万千瓦和2.5万千瓦热电厂二家，110KV变电所四座和35KV变电所四座，苏南供水网和热网管道覆盖整个园区，四通八达的水陆交通、邮政、电信、有线电视网络、商务宾馆、文化娱乐、环保等配套设施一应俱全，金融、工商、税务、保险、公安、交通等设有驻镇办事机构，服务周到。现周庄已有德国、荷兰、美国、韩国、日本及香港、中国台湾等30多个国家和地区前来投资的企业达上百家。

经济发展而迅速致富的周庄人更加注重建设环境、发展文化教育事业，社会事业全面协调发展。周庄荣获全国卫生镇、全国环境优美乡镇、全国化纤棉纺名镇、全国乡镇企业科技园区、中国产业集群经济示范镇、中国县域产业集群竞争力100强、建设部小城镇建设示范镇、小城镇综合改革试点镇、省文明镇、省体育先进镇、省群众文化先进镇、省首批新型小城镇建设示范镇、省卫生镇、省化纤纺织名镇省创新型乡镇、江苏百亿服装产业集群、江苏省新型工业化产业示范基地等荣誉称号。

Tourist friends:

Hello! In here, please allow me on behalf of the Aba 820,000 Tibet,Qiang, to return to, the Chinese various races people zealouslywelcome you the arrival, and hoped our service can swim for yoursJiuzhaigou increases warmly, a joy. The tourist friends, enter Jiuzhaigou, you are in the ditch more than1,000 Tibetan nationality compatriot most honored visitor, is in aJiuzhaigou fairy tale world princess and the prince, hoped you playhappy in the ditch, play warmly, play 尽Is popular.The tourist friends, Jiuzhaigou is China only has "the world naturalheritage" and "the world biosphere protectorate" two internationallaurel crowns natural scenery scenic spot areas. It is locatednortheast the Chinese Sichuan a pa Tibetan nationality qiang nationalminority autonomous is south central the within the boundariesJiuzhaigou county, south the Mount Minshan sierra north the section尕 your natrium peak the foothill, is the Yangtze River river systemJialing River source a ditch. Jiuzhaigou because of has nine Tibetannationality stockaded village to acquire fame. Jiuzhaigou scenerybeautiful wonderful colorful, the world is rare, also can maintain theso perfect mysterious natural illusion picture in the modern society,this the Tibetan Buddha all center benzene wave which believes in withJiuzhaigou Tibetan nationality compatriots teaches to have the verybig relations. The Tibetan believes in the God, they thoughtJiuzhaigou the every bit of property, the mountain and river all arethe God gracious gift, therefore we respect Jiuzhaigou people thecustom are to Jiuzhaigous biggest respect, also is to the JiuzhaigouTibetan nationality peoples biggest respect. We believed you whileenjoy natural, also can achieve does not smoke in the ditch, notrandomly throws trash, does not throw the food to feed the fish, notto climb the tree to pick flowers. Thank your cooperation in here meon behalf of Jiuzhaigou person and the support which works to us!

The Jiuzhaigou protectorate total area 720 square kilometers, theperiphery protectorate 600 square kilometers, protect the buffer are110 square kilometers, the traveling opening area are 140 squarekilometers. Take promises Japan to be bright as the center, by treeditch, date then ditch and then the dregs hollow ditch composes, wenow are walking this ditch is called the tree the ditch, long 14kilometers, other two ditches, then dregs hollow ditch long 18kilometers, date then ditch long 17 kilometers. Scenic area one-way 49kilometers.

We arrive the next scenic spot is enters the ditch the first Tibetstronghold -- lotus leaf stronghold, is in Jiuzhaigou one of livelystockaded villages, in the stockaded village Tibetan as soon asreforms moves about in search of pasture with the agriculture andreclamation life style, settles down in the stronghold, the originalancient wood construction house all has now become the family hotel,they use the fragrant buttered tea, the sweet Tibetan barley liquorwarmly to receive cordially each position as necessary to come to seea famous person with admiration Jiuzhaigous distant place honoredguest, this also is because the government protects Jiuzhaigou torequest them to take back from agriculture which also Lin Erwei theyseeks to make a living the road, The such similar situation also hasthe tree stronghold and then dregs hollow stronghold. Lotus leafstronghold behind has hundred year great pines, solitary independent,vigorous is great, that then was receives a guest the pine, the fableis Saar same year comes when Jiuzhaigou FallsMonster removed harmful things,once turns a MaleHawk fight, this orphaned pine was he captures the evilspirit to fly from the sky obsolete fans the symbol which the wingstayed behind, we now arrived the lotus leaf stronghold.

Hello, everyone! Im Xie __, the tour guide of this trip. Thank you forcoming all the way to the beautiful Qinghai Tibet Plateau. You can come to mefor anything. Now we will take the bus to the important scenic spot of this tripPotala Palace.

Members, please look to the right. The Potala Palace, which we have beenlooking forward to for a long time, stands in front of us. The Potala Palace,built in the 7th century, stands on the red mountain in the northwest of Lhasa,the capital of Tibet. The 13 storey palace building, 110 meters high and 3750meters above sea level, is an extremely large-scale palace style buildingcomplex.

Do you know that there is a wonderful story in Potala Palace? In the 7thcentury, in order to establish friendly relations with the Central Plains, Tibetsent a minister, Songzanganbu, to propose to Princess Wencheng of the CentralPlains. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in the Central Plains asked threequestions, and only those who answered correctly could be betrothed.

With his wisdom, the clever Songzan Ganbu broke through many difficultiesand answered all the questions correctly. Tang Taizong thought: such a wittyminister must be led by a wise king, so he betrothed Princess Wencheng toSongzanganbu. Songzanganbu was overjoyed and ordered to build a palace with 999halls to marry Princess Wencheng. It is now the magnificent Potala Palace.

Members, I believe you have a certain understanding of the Potala Palace!OK, lets get out of the car now, be careful not to fall.

Members, we are now ready to enter the Potala Palace to feast our eyes.Please be careful when visiting. Its the peak time of travel. There will bemany people. Please dont get separated! I also want to remind you that when yousee beautiful things, dont touch them, dont Scribble, and dont litter. ThankYou for Your Cooperation!

Members of the group, keep up. Look, there are all kinds of beautiful hallsand corridors in the Potala Palace. The furnishings are particularly exquisiteand gorgeous. Lets look at the wall. There are pictures related to Buddhism onthe wall. Most of them are made by famous artists. Now lets go to the RedPalace in the middle of Potala Palace. There are more than 1000 statues ofBuddha, Songzanganbu, Princess Wencheng and princess Chizun of Nepal. Members,there are thousands of houses in the Potala Palace. The layout is rigorous andwell arranged. Dont you think that the Tibetan architectural craftsmen arehighly skilled?

My friends, the happy time always flies. We have already finished the wholePotala Palace unconsciously. This is the end of the trip! Goodbye! Dear friends,I hope to have the honor to see you again!

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。

永宁山

是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。

一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

Ladies and gentlemen:

Everybody is good! I am the guide from the dunhuang mogao grottoes day trip, my name is Chen, you can call me Chen guide! Your eyes is the mogao grottoes, want to know what kind of mogao grottoes is? To listen to me slowly.

The mogao grottoes, located in the southeast of dunhuang city, about 25 kilometers away from the city, spoilers wat to open in China east cliff. It is Chinas largest classical art treasure, it is a center of buddhist art.

Number of tourists, cave 492, more than 20xx statues statue, 33 meters, the largest minimum only 10 centimeters. So, the most famous statue in the mogao grottoes.

If the total area of 45000 square meters, the mural to arrange all the paintings, there are 30 kilometers long. If say the mogao grottoes of dunhuang is famous the world, so, make the mogao grottoes is famous for its first these murals, is traveling to visit.

The mogao grottoes in 1987 UNESCO world cultural heritage, is the most key cultural relics protection.

Okay, now I introduce to here, please walk. Cant throw the peel and other trash, graffito of the scribble on the murals, to protect cultural relics.

Thank you very much!

溧阳一带每年农历四月初八，民间都要吃乌饭。乌饭是由山上野生的乌桕树叶捣碎，用其汁浸泡稻米而成。

乌饭出锅后色泽乌亮，清香扑鼻，入口爽滑糯软，易于消化。

溧阳乌饭的由来十分奇特，相传南山里有户人家，男主人体弱多病，女主人姓刘名青提，膝下有一子目莲。因为丈夫的突然病故，刘青提怪罪菩萨，所作所为触怒了佛祖，佛祖将她打入十八层地狱受苦受难。目莲天天给娘送饭。有一天他梦见娘饿得皮包骨头，原来娘没有吃到他送的饭。目莲于是上山寻觅百种草药，回家捣碎煮饭，最后发现乌桕树也能把米染黑，于是便做成乌饭给娘吃。饿鬼见是乌饭，都不敢抢食，刘青提得以天天饱腹。佛祖为目莲的孝行感动，又见他专心侍佛，功德圆满，便敕封他为地藏王菩萨，时为目莲的生日农历十月三十日。

每年的四月初八，正是乌饭树叶吐翠泛青的时候，为纪念目莲救母，民间就家家吃乌饭，代代相传至今，逐渐成了一种乡土风俗。

江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇

莫愁湖位于江苏省南京市建邺区，是一座有着1520xx年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园，为六朝胜迹，有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。下面是小编收集整理的江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇，欢迎借鉴参考。

江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇(一)

莫愁湖的背后究竟有哪些历史故事呢，让我们边走边说。我们面前的莫愁湖又称沧浪湖，俗名北湖。位于钟祥市郢中城区北隅，与世界文化遗产明显陵紧邻。因战国楚歌舞艺术家莫愁女而得名。明代诗人曾发祥诗曰：“莫愁家住近沧浪，村与湖光共阐扬。溪影尚能描翠黛，藕花犹醉学新妆。阅人凡几名偏隐，醉我于今胜欲张。从此石城添故事，好将箫鼓吊卢娘。”沧浪湖上美人居，桃花片片诵莫愁。明王格有《兴都谣》赞道：“莫愁花月郢门西，舞罢春风翠袖迷。悔向卢家斗妆粉，鸳鸯飞上五陵啼。”从众多的诗徵文考和民间传说中可以得出如下描述：莫愁女，姓卢，名莫愁，大约生于公元前三世纪前后，楚别邑郊郢石城(今钟祥)桃花村人，是春秋战国时期楚国著名的民间歌舞艺术家。她聪明美丽，能歌善舞，“容似香荷新瓣，行如风送彩云。金嗓一歌声嗽玉，霓裳起舞袖吐虹”。每天手摇双桨，口唱民歌，迎来送往，驾舟于江涛湖浪之上，息桨于桃花柳林之中。她那清脆悦耳的歌声，常使人们忘却忧愁，因而，其名盛传国中。后被召入楚王宫为歌舞侍姬，“十万作缠头，莫愁不肯留。”几经磨难，终于逃离王宫，回到民间。“家家迎莫愁，人人说莫愁。莫愁歌一字，恰恰印心头。”传说莫愁女的未婚夫东邻王襄哥被楚王流放到三吴扬州。古《莫愁曲》记述了莫愁女汉江泪别襄歌的悲痛情景：“闻欢下扬州，相送楚山头，探手抱腰看，江水断不流。”古《乐府》诗：“冉冉水上云，曾听屈宋鸣。涓涓水中月，曾照莫愁行。”据传莫愁女曾经屈原、宋玉指导，翻古传高曲，融楚辞乐声，继楚大琴师刘涓子之后，完成了寡和之曲《阳春》、《白雪》的入歌传唱，更显得她才气横溢。所以，两千多年来，钟祥一直流传着许多关于莫愁女的美丽动人故事。人们为了纪念她，便把她摇艇行歌的沧浪湖改名莫愁湖。

莫愁湖曾历经沧桑，据民国县志记载：“莫愁村在汉西二里，古汉水经城址，其西为村，即莫愁所居地;城北有湖，与村毗连，称莫愁湖。”又据《郢城开复古河原委》载：“敖山头下敖河口西流至南，径龙爬坑、黄泥港、花园、牛路凹入莫愁湖。由湖入汉径石城东南下，自汉魏以来及明正德以前汉水皆径石城流。自世宗入继后，汉水乃渐徙而西，湖亦渐淤生芦苇弥望”。为疏通莫愁湖与汉江的通道，清乾隆年间，湖广总督德沛向皇上具奏《请疏淤河以利民田以通商贾疏》，乾隆三年八月初九日接到皇帝朱批：“楚省工程颇多，似此可行可止之事莫若缓之，或遇地方偶尔水旱以为兴工待赈之举，不亦美乎，何急迫乃尔。钦此!”以后无有续请者，所以连接莫愁湖的内河至今没有开复。

如今，莫愁湖水面虽然逐渐淤塞到只剩2平方公里，但水质清澈，洁净。远远望去，波光粼粼，杨柳依依，湖光山色不逊当年。环湖路已建成了湖滨公园。公园沿湖而建，蜿蜒曲折，占地面积12.36公顷，绿地面积11.06公顷，布局有春园、夏苑、秋廊、冬林4处个性鲜明的游园，建成了“南国风情、探古寻源、梦幻莫愁、桃花潭水、梅林幽径、荷塘月色”等众多景观。景区内亭台楼阁、小园芳径、绿树成荫、花草锦簇。环湖建成步游道3360米，配套绿化、景观灯等设施。每到夜晚，华灯齐放，灯火辉煌，成为一道靓丽的湖滨风景线，是市民度假休闲娱乐的理想之地。一位市民用一首诗形象地概况了现在的莫愁湖：“莫愁盛世换新装，南岸楼林代乱岗;扩湖清於融彩霞，植树修亭沐朝阳;情侣沉醉环湖路，宿耆痴迷博弈乡;游船翩翩播绚烂，珍禽阵阵赛翱翔。”

江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇(二)

各位游客朋友们，现在我们位于莫愁湖，莫愁湖是一座有着1520xx年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园，为六朝胜迹，自古有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。园内楼、轩、亭、榭错列有致，堤岸垂柳，海棠相间，湖水荡漾，碧波照人。胜棋楼、郁金堂、赏河厅、水榭、抱月楼、光华亭、曲径回廊等掩映在山石松竹、花木绿荫之中，一派“欲将西子莫愁比，难向烟波判是非。莫愁湖公园是一座有着1520xx年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园，为六朝胜迹。公园现有面积为58.36公顷，其中水面为32.36公顷。园内楼、轩、亭、榭错列有致，堤岸垂柳，水中海棠。胜棋楼、郁金堂、水榭、抱月楼、曲径回廊等掩映在山石松竹、花木绿荫之中。莫愁湖自古有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。

莫愁湖，六朝时称横塘。全园面积54公顷，湖面约33.3公顷。在宋、元时即有盛名，明朝定都南京后更盛极一时。清乾隆年间，在园内建郁金堂，筑湖心亭，遂成“金陵第一名湖”。莫愁湖内湖面宽阔，盛产莲藕，莲花十顷更是六代名湖引人入胜之处。远在明清，莫愁湖就栽植了大量莲花，每逢炎夏，莲花盛开，翠盖红花，香风阵阵，恍若绝代的凌波仙子，出淤泥而不染。

莫愁湖名字由来的故事：莫愁是河南洛阳人，幼年丧母，与父亲相依为命。她文静，聪明好学，采桑、养蚕、纺织、刺绣样样拿的起来。邻居家的小孩念书，她听着记着，不但识的些字，连诗文也能吟咏几句，莫愁还和父亲学了一手采药治病的本领。十五岁那年，父亲在采药途中不幸坠崖身亡，莫愁因家境贫寒，只得卖身葬父。当时卢员外在洛阳做生意，见莫愁纯朴美丽，很同情她，便帮助莫愁料理了爹爹后事，带她来到建康，从此，莫愁嫁进卢家，成了员外的儿媳。 莫愁婚后和丈夫恩恩爱爱，第二年生下了一个白白胖胖的儿子，取名阿候。虽然生活富裕，可莫愁时常想念家乡，怀念父亲，只有帮助穷人治病时才感觉快慰露出笑容。穷人们时常说：我们有了病啊痛啊的，见了莫愁，就什么忧愁也没啦!长此以往，莫愁女的名字就传开了。一日，梁武帝闻报水西门外卢家庄园牡丹花开，便着便服来员外家赏花，只见牡丹花交错如锦，夺目如霞，梁武帝惊得如痴如醉，遂问员外：此花何人所栽?卢员外跪答：此乃儿媳莫愁所栽。梁武帝不禁怦然心动，当即令传莫愁见驾。梁武帝见到莫愁如花容貌，不由神魂颠倒。回宫后，寝食难安，终于想出毒计，害死了卢公子，传旨选莫愁进宫为妃。莫愁得知，悲愤交加，决心宁为玉碎，不为瓦全，投石城湖而死。四周乡邻得知，纷纷来到湖边痛苦拜祭，怎么也不肯相信这么好的女子会投湖自尽。有人传说深夜听到莫愁的哭泣声，也有人说看到天上落下一只小船，载着莫愁悠悠而去……人们深深怀念她，为了纪念她，将石城湖改名为莫愁湖。梁武帝闻讯，自感惭愧，于是写下了《河中水之歌》 ：河中之水向东流，洛阳女儿名莫愁。莫愁十三能织绮，十四采桑南陌头，十五嫁为卢家妇，十六生子字阿候。卢家兰室桂为梁，中有郁金苏合香，头上金钗十二行，足下丝履五文章，珊瑚挂镜烂生光，平头奴子擎履箱。人生富贵何所望，恨不早嫁东家王。在她的故居郁金堂侧赏荷厅的莲花池内，塑起了一尊二米高的汉白玉塑像，为南京标志性景点之一。

莫愁湖内湖面宽阔，盛产莲藕，莲花十顷更是六代名湖引人入胜之处。莫愁湖公园里有大量海棠树，每年春季，海棠花便会盛开，有红的、有白的、有粉的......因此莫愁湖公园每年也会举行一年一度的海棠花会。

xx年五一起莫愁湖公园从日本引进的大批鸢尾花卉在鸢尾专类园于游客见面。鸢尾专类园坐落在院内北圩水榭周边。是国内首家品种最多、栽植规模最大的菖蒲专类园。该园占地15亩，园中菖蒲遍植，以道路为界划分为黄菖蒲栽植区、燕子花栽植区、溪荪栽植区、品种栽植区。园内花卉品种丰富、色彩艳丽、花瓣各异、花型多变，形成了美丽的自然景观。

莫愁湖内有许多美丽的景观，例如：

华严庵位于公园大门正北。公园大门1959年为松木结构，1964年重建，古典式，混合结构，高7.1米，宽11米，建筑面积40平方米，小瓦大屋顶，中门檐高4.5米，宽5米，两侧门檐高3.7米，宽2.8米，4门柱由石鼓支撑，门额“莫愁湖公园”5字系郭沫若先生1964年书题。

胜棋楼位于华严庵庭院北首，明洪武年问建，复建于清I司治十年(1871)。明清风格的二层楼房，青砖小瓦，建筑面积592。07平方米。在复建后之漫长岁月中，又数度遭洪水与战争损坏，至建国时已破败不堪。建国后政府即着手保护性维修。

郁金堂清乾隆五十八年(1793)复建，咸丰六年(1856)又毁，十年(1871)曾国藩再筑。郁金堂紧邻胜棋楼西山墙下，故有称郁金堂在胜棋楼下者。原郁金堂临水面北，1959年建园时改为背水面南，后沿窗下改砖砌，郁金堂共二跨六间，砖木结构，后跨为券棚式，建筑面积162.79平方米。相传南齐时卢家女莫愁居此。

苏合厢位于郁金堂正南，并以四合院相连接，建筑面积111.10平方米，砖木结构，1959年改建。四合院内墙上多石刻碑铭。

通水院水院门额由钱松喦1981年隶书“到此莫愁”。苏合厢悬挂陈祖庥1920xx年木刻楹联：“贤王汤沐旷代犹存莫谈桑海兴亡且安排清簟蹄篆藉一局围棋赌胜，江表风流于今未泯依旧湖山整理更收拾王代梁画栋待双栖燕子归来”。

待渡亭居光华亭西侧，1959年建，古典建筑形式，砖木结构，建筑面积38.08平方米。设渡湖心亭游船码头。附建走廊面积54.6平方米，混合结构。至老后门沿湖畔有长500米、宽2米道板路。

此外还有水榭，抱月楼，湖心亭，兰台宫，阳春亭，竹园六角亭，粤军烈士墓等著名的景点。现在各位游客朋友们可以观览莫愁湖2个小时，希望各位游客朋友们可以玩的愉快。

江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇(三)

现在我们将去游览的是位于南京城西的一处名胜古迹——莫愁湖。莫愁湖位于南京西郊的水西门外，总面积约700多亩，其中陆地面积为200多亩，水面约占四分之三。全国碧水盈盈、柳树成行，亭台楼阁点缀其间，是一派典型的江南水乡景色。古代的莫愁湖曾享有“金陵第一名胜”的美誉，清代著名诗人袁枚曾以“欲将西子西湖比，难向烟波判是非。但觉西湖输一著，江帆云外拍天飞”的诗句，对莫愁湖大加赞美。

现在的莫愁湖园内主要有胜棋楼、郁金堂、赏荷亭、水谢、露天舞台等胜迹，及新塑造的莫愁女塑像，湖的南岸还有粤军殉难烈士墓。

【莫愁湖名称来历：石城湖—莫愁湖】

莫愁湖，原名“石城湖”。六朝以前，这里是长江和秦淮河下游的汇合处，两水相聚，逐渐积成沙滩。随着长江西移，沙滩逐渐扩展，秦淮河出口处也随着向西北方即今三汉河一带推移，于是在这里就留下了一些湖泊和池塘。莫愁湖就是处于当时秦淮河和长江交汇处废河道上的一处小湖泊，因当年紧挨石头城，所以称作石城湖。

莫愁湖名称的出现始于北宋。据当时的记载：“莫愁湖在三门外，昔有妓卢莫愁家此，故名。”相传南朝宋、齐时，有一名叫莫愁的洛阳女子，生得美丽、聪慧、善良，与父亲相依为命。几岁那年，父亲不幸去世，因家境贫困，无钱葬父，为换取葬父费用，卖身给建康(今南京)的一生意人卢员外作了儿媳，居住在石城湖畔。莫愁女好施乐善，长得又标致。有一次，梁武帝路过卢员外的家门口见到莫愁女，便起了邪念，先把其夫征去当兵，再下旨选莫愁女进宫。莫愁女宁死不从，投江自尽。人们为怀念这位美丽善良的莫愁女，就将石城湖改名为“莫愁湖”。庭院水池中的莫愁女雕像就是根据这一美丽的传说来塑造的，表达了古代劳动人民在那“莫愁”不能愁的时代对“莫愁女”的同情和赞美，寄托了人们对美好生活的向往。

【胜棋楼—郁金堂—莫愁女雕像—粤军殉难烈士墓】

胜棋楼是莫愁湖公园的主要建筑，相传当年的明太祖朱元璋和中山王徐达经常来这里下棋。每次都以徐达失败而告终，朱元璋非常明白徐达的用意，是怕胜君有罪。有一天，朱元璋事先要求徐达拿出真水平来下一盘棋。结果，徐达不但胜棋，且棋局摆得十分巧妙，用棋子摆成了“万岁”两字，朱元璋由惊转喜，暗暗地佩服徐达棋艺之高超，非但认输，还将这座楼连同莫愁湖一起送给了徐达以资表彰，胜棋楼由此得名。现今的“胜棋楼”匾，书法苍劲有力，是清代状元梅启照亲笔。旁有对联写道;“粉黛江山留得半湖烟雨;王侯事业都如一局棋杯。”楼上陈设古朴，中堂的南北壁分别挂有朱元璋和徐达画像及现代著名书法家书写的“钟阜开基，石城对弈”对联。堂前摆放一张专供下棋的棋桌。

位于胜棋楼左侧的是一座古色古香的四合院，相传这里就是莫愁女居所，因莫愁女喜欢郁金花，所以称之为郁金堂。不过，原有建筑已毁于兵火，现在的郁金堂是1795年重建的。院内有梁武帝萧衍为莫愁女所作的《河中之水歌》诗碑，清代绘刻的莫愁女石刻像和郭沫若题写的《莫愁歌》。室内陈设古朴，庄重典雅。墙上挂有许多文人墨客有关莫愁女的诗画。

在郁金堂两侧，红栏曲廊环抱着的一方水池中立有一尊根据历史资料精心雕塑的汉白玉莫愁女雕像，发会高绾，素裙垂地，手挎桑篮，亭亭玉立，神态自若，栩栩如生，是根据《河中之水歌》中的“十四采桑南陌头”的诗意雕刻而成的。方池四周，曲廊、赏荷亭、四方亭、光华亭等建筑，相衔相生、巧妙连接，显得格外雅致、洁净。

莫愁湖南岸，有一座占地约370多平方米的粤军殉难烈士墓。墓建于1920xx年3月，毁于抗战期间，1947年重修，1979年再次重修。这座墓是为纪念在与封建余孽张勋企图复辟帝制的战斗中英勇牺牲的粤军烈士而建立的。墓前有孙中山先生手书的“建国成仁”墓碑，碑阴刻有黄兴所撰墓志。

【莫愁路—朝天宫遗址】

园以水胜，路因园名。与莫愁湖邻近的还有一条名叫莫愁路的街道。过去人们常说，不到夫子店与莫愁路，就等于没有来过南京。夫子庙是因曾是一个灯红酒绿的风月场所而出名，而莫愁路则因“黑市”而闻名。据说，莫愁路上的“黑市”在明代已出现，当时一些破落官家变卖财产，怕人耻笑，就在黑夜之间拿来这里交易脱手。这里所交易的物品，既有小商贩从民间收购来的废旧物品，也有小偷、扒手的赃物和贪官污吏所侵吞的物资。直到新中国成立后，才取缔了这一带的“黑市”。

在莫愁路中段，能见到一座高大的石坊，里面保存有明初大典前的习仪场所——朝天宫遗址。

各位游客：莫愁湖公园就参观到此，现在我们去下一个景点。

江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇(四)

春天到了，万物复苏，鲜花怒放，绿草如茵，小鸟在枝头欢快地歌唱。正是出游的好季节。我建议大家去游览有“江南第一湖”美誉的莫愁湖。

莫愁湖位于南京秦淮河西，是一座有着一千五百年悠久历史和丰富的人文资源的江南古典名园，为六朝胜迹。

春游莫愁湖，最大的看点莫过于千姿百态的海棠花啦!

一进公园大门，就看见不远处的垂丝海棠迎风起舞，仿佛用她粉色的笑脸欢迎游客的到来。看呀，那一朵朵花瓣，有的白、有的粉、有的深红、有的玫红，仿佛要把蓝天都搅红了似的。那一团团、一簇簇海棠花瓣挨挨挤挤地簇生于枝端，朵朵弯曲下垂，像一个个害羞的小女生，只露出淡黄色的花蕊。那椭圆形的绿叶衬托着她的脸庞，显得更加娇柔红艳。一位游客疾步走向前，迫不及待地打开镜头，想把她美丽的身姿捕捉进他的相机。一阵春风吹来，千朵万朵海棠齐舞，看得大家心旷神怡，仿佛也想和她们一起和着春的旋律翩翩起舞。

可能正是因为海棠花花朵艳丽，枝叶茂盛，花枝柔软才被人们称为“花中神仙”的吧。你看，她在枝头多么逍遥，多么自在，不与奇花斗艳，不与异草争奇，乐得做她的“花中神仙”。

来到海棠精品园，你会欣赏到各种各样的海棠花，这里有西府海棠、木瓜海棠，最多的还是垂丝海棠。站在西府海棠花下，我能闻到一股淡淡的清香，据说这是海棠花里既香且艳的花中上品。至于每一种海棠的姿态，我这里就不细说了。大家还是亲自去看看吧。

江苏莫愁湖的导游词范文5篇(五)

尊敬的各位游客，大家好。

现在我们将去游览的是位于南京城西的一处名胜古迹——莫愁湖。莫愁湖位于南京西郊的水西门外，总面积约700多亩，其中陆地面积为200多亩，水面约占四分之三。全国碧水盈盈、柳树成行，亭台楼阁点缀其间，是一派典型的江南水乡景色。古代的莫愁湖曾享有“金陵第一名胜”的美誉，清代著名诗人袁枚曾以“欲将西子西湖比，难向烟波判是非。但觉西湖输一著，江帆云外拍天飞”的诗句，对莫愁湖大加赞美。

现在的莫愁湖园内主要有胜棋楼、郁金堂、赏荷亭、水谢、露天舞台等胜迹，及新塑造的莫愁女塑像，湖的南岸还有粤军殉难烈士墓。

莫愁湖名称来历：石城湖—莫愁湖

莫愁湖，原名“石城湖”。六朝以前，这里是长江和秦淮河下游的汇合处，两水相聚，逐渐积成沙滩。随着长江西移，沙滩逐渐扩展，秦淮河出口处也随着向西北方即今三汉河一带推移，于是在这里就留下了一些湖泊和池塘。莫愁湖就是处于当时秦淮河和长江交汇处废河道上的一处小湖泊，因当年紧挨石头城，所以称作石城湖。

莫愁湖名称的出现始于北宋。据当时的记载：“莫愁湖在三门外，昔有妓卢莫愁家此，故名。”相传南朝宋、齐时，有一名叫莫愁的洛阳女子，生得美丽、聪慧、善良，与父亲相依为命。几岁那年，父亲不幸去世，因家境贫困，无钱葬父，为换取葬父费用，卖身给建康(今南京)的一生意人卢员外作了儿媳，居住在石城湖畔。莫愁女好施乐善，长得又标致。有一次，梁武帝路过卢员外的家门口见到莫愁女，便起了邪念，先把其夫征去当兵，再下旨选莫愁女进宫。莫愁女宁死不从，投江自尽。人们为怀念这位美丽善良的莫愁女，就将石城湖改名为“莫愁湖”。庭院水池中的莫愁女雕像就是根据这一美丽的传说来塑造的，表达了古代劳动人民在那“莫愁”不能愁的时代对“莫愁女”的同情和赞美，寄托了人们对美好生活的向往。

胜棋楼—郁金堂—莫愁女雕像—粤军殉难烈士墓

胜棋楼是莫愁湖公园的主要建筑，相传当年的明太祖朱元璋和中山王徐达经常来这里下棋。每次都以徐达失败而告终，朱元璋非常明白徐达的用意，是怕胜君有罪。有一天，朱元璋事先要求徐达拿出真水平来下一盘棋。结果，徐达不但胜棋，且棋局摆得十分巧妙，用棋子摆成了“万岁”两字，朱元璋由惊转喜，暗暗地佩服徐达棋艺之高超，非但认输，还将这座楼连同莫愁湖一起送给了徐达以资表彰，胜棋楼由此得名。现今的“胜棋楼”匾，书法苍劲有力，是清代状元梅启照亲笔。旁有对联写道;“粉黛江山留得半湖烟雨;王侯事业都如一局棋杯。”楼上陈设古朴，中堂的南北壁分别挂有朱元璋和徐达画像及现代著名书法家书写的“钟阜开基，石城对弈”对联。堂前摆放一张专供下棋的棋桌。

位于胜棋楼左侧的是一座古色古香的四合院，相传这里就是莫愁女居所，因莫愁女喜欢郁金花，所以称之为郁金堂。不过，原有建筑已毁于兵火，现在的郁金堂是1795年重建的。院内有梁武帝萧衍为莫愁女所作的《河中之水歌》诗碑，清代绘刻的莫愁女石刻像和郭沫若题写的《莫愁歌》。室内陈设古朴，庄重典雅。墙上挂有许多文人墨客有关莫愁女的诗画。

在郁金堂两侧，红栏曲廊环抱着的一方水池中立有一尊根据历史资料精心雕塑的汉白玉莫愁女雕像，发会高绾，素裙垂地，手挎桑篮，亭亭玉立，神态自若，栩栩如生，是根据《河中之水歌》中的“十四采桑南陌头”的诗意雕刻而成的。方池四周，曲廊、赏荷亭、四方亭、光华亭等建筑，相衔相生、巧妙连接，显得格外雅致、洁净。

莫愁湖南岸，有一座占地约370多平方米的粤军殉难烈士墓。墓建于1920xx年3月，毁于抗战期间，1947年重修，1979年再次重修。这座墓是为纪念在与封建余孽张勋企图复辟帝制的战斗中英勇牺牲的粤军烈士而建立的。墓前有孙中山先生手书的“建国成仁”墓碑，碑阴刻有黄兴所撰墓志。

莫愁路—朝天宫遗址

园以水胜，路因园名。与莫愁湖邻近的还有一条名叫莫愁路的街道。过去人们常说，不到夫子店与莫愁路，就等于没有来过南京。夫子庙是因曾是一个灯红酒绿的风月场所而出名，而莫愁路则因“黑市”而闻名。据说，莫愁路上的“黑市”在明代已出现，当时一些破落官家变卖财产，怕人耻笑，就在黑夜之间拿来这里交易脱手。这里所交易的物品，既有小商贩从民间收购来的废旧物品，也有小偷、扒手的赃物和贪官污吏所侵吞的物资。直到新中国成立后，才取缔了这一带的“黑市”。

在莫愁路中段，能见到一座高大的石坊，里面保存有明初大典前的习仪场所——朝天宫遗址。

好了，各位游客朋友，我的讲解到此结束。祝愿大家游玩愉快.谢谢大家!

扬州人常说：“巷连巷，巷通巷，大巷里面套小巷。可见扬州是一座巷城，在扬州十几平方公里的老城区里就有 500 多条巷子。我们今天参观的东关街是其中最具有代表性的一条历史老街。它东至古运河，西至国庆路，位于古城扬州东北角。长约千米，宽约五米，街道路面全部是用长条石铺设的。它是扬州古城的 CBD，也就是中心城市商业圈了。

因为街道由西向东直抵东关城门，故名东关街。东关城门，原名利津门，为古利津渡所在，后来利津门改称东关门，利津渡改称东关古渡。

文化是扬州城市的“魂”，古城是历史文化的“根” 。好了，东关街已经到 ，街巷是文化古城的“脉”了，请各位带好自己的随身物品，随我一同下车，走进扬州古城的脉搏里去吧。

咱们都说“在家靠娘，出门靠墙”。所以今天的游览路线呢也是得靠墙啦。为什么呢?因为东关街是“鱼骨状”的街巷体系，不靠墙的话很有可能就“穿越”进历史出不来了。

走进东关街，迎面扑来的就是古色古香的市井景象。东关街是明清时代的商业街，所以往前走，您会发 在现东关街老字号很多。

20xx 年国家商务部认定首批“中华老字号”，这一条街上就有两个入选，一个是“三和四美酱菜”，另一个是“谢馥春化妆品”。 “三和牌”、“四美牌”系列酱菜是久负盛名的传统名特产品，具有鲜、甜、脆、嫩四大特色 名扬四海，畅销国内外。曾获酱菜最高奖--国家银质奖，是扬州酱菜中的突出佳品。如果大家喜欢吃的话，也可以在东关街上买些回去和着早饭吃。除了酱菜之外呢， 扬州有名的小吃在此也是不容错过的。我们现在闻到的就是闻之极臭，味之极香的臭豆腐了，保准让您吃了流连忘返。再说那饼皮香脆的黄桥烧饼吧，有蟹黄的，野菜的，肉松的，火腿的……各种口味任您挑选。

说完吃的，咱们再看看扬州人的日常用品。这最著名的莫过于“三把刀”了。分别是理发刀、修脚刀、菜刀，这不仅是指扬州的刀口好，而是还反映了扬州三大服务业的繁盛。也就是说，这三把刀背后还代表了三大服务业，分别是：理发刀代表的是理发美容业，修脚刀代表的是修脚沐浴业，厨刀代表的是餐饮服务业。“到扬州，吃得好，玩得好，还要享受剃头洗个澡”，这已经成为近三百年来到扬州享受生活的典型写照。扬州有名的还有漆器，大到工艺品，小到手机挂件，无不透露出扬州人民的聪明智慧。

现在我们看到的是女性朋友最关心的“谢馥春”化妆品店。它是我国现存最老的化妆品企业。“谢馥春”化妆品 1915 年与“茅台酒”一道荣获美国巴拿马万国博览会大奖，最近被评为“全国 300 家重点保护品牌”。美女离不开梳妆打扮，要梳妆打扮当然就离不开化妆品，“谢馥春”的传统产品鸭蛋粉、冰麝油及香件，被称为谢馥春“三绝”。人们常说：“苏州胭脂扬州粉”，谢馥春的香粉原料是天然珍珠粉，非常自然温和，绝不像现在的护肤品中添加过多的化学成分。

其实作为一个旅游景点，东关街的民居也非常值得一看。他们并没有因为旅游的发展而改变自己原有的生活节奏。从他们身上我们可以感受到扬州古城的历史气息。缓缓步行于东关街，时有路人匆匆，或步行，或脚踏车。我们可以看看扬州人真实的衣食住，听听他们在说些什么，做些什么。扬州的居民朴实而好客，他们往往会主动与你们打招呼，甚至会为热心地为您向导。

好了，现在大家都对东关街有所了解了吧，接下来给大家一个小时的时间真正感受一下东关街厚重的历史和灿烂的文化吧。记得“出门靠墙”哦!

Tourist friends: Hello!

Im very glad to meet you in the beautiful Jiangcheng "Dandong" on thissunny day. Im a tour guide of __ travel agency. My name is __X. Ill do thetour guide work for you this time. Now, on behalf of all the staff of __ travelagency, I warmly welcome you. At the same time, I wish you a happy and happytravel life!

Dear friends, during our tour, you can call me Liu Dao or Xiao Liu. If youhave any needs, please dont mention it. As long as it is reasonable andpossible, I will try my best to meet your needs. In addition, there is a driverwho serves us. His surname is __X. Now we would like to thank the driver for hishard work with applause.

Today, Im going to visit qingshangou, a famous provincial scenic spot inDandong. Its located in qingshangou Town, __ County, __ City, LiaoningProvince. Its 160 kilometers away from the urban area of __ city. The scenicarea covers an area of 127.4 square kilometers and the car runs for about 3hours. "Qingshangou", "feibaojian" and "hutanggou" are integrated to form a hugenatural picture. There are 126 scenic spots and 36 waterfalls in the area. It isa perfect natural scenic spot with mountains and rivers. The scenery here isbeautiful, the water is beautiful, the mountain is green, the momentum ismagnificent, the vegetation is mostly primitive forest state, the forest isluxuriant, the canyon is deep, the strange stone stands, the stream murmurs, thewaterfall is magnificent, the scenery is very charming. The seasons here aredistinct, and the landscape in spring, summer, autumn and winter has its owncharacteristics. In spring and summer, we can see red spots in the greenclusters; in late autumn, we can see red wind leaves and yellow spots; inwinter, we can see snow covered peaks like jade. It is a first-class scenery inthe north of China, and it is also excellent in the whole country. It can besaid that "there is Jiuzhaigou in the West and qingshangou in the East". Chinasfirst painter village was born here. Because of its four distinct seasons, thescenery of spring, summer, autumn and winter is unique and unforgettable. It hasbeen listed as a scenic spot in Liaoning Province.

There are 7 villages and 36 villager groups in qingshangou scenic area,with a population of about 8000. There are Han, Manchu, Korean and other ethnicminorities, but most of them are Manchu, with strong Manchu culture. QingshanLake covers an area of 23.3 square kilometers, and Hunjiang River, the largesttributary of Yalu River, flows through the scenic area for 35 kilometers. In1984, the United Nations Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) listed qingshangou as one of the six pollution-free areas in the worldthrough satellite observation. The average life expectancy of people living hereis 88 years, which is a rare longevity town in the world. Because of itsbeautiful scenery and outstanding people, the scenic spot was once praised as"the place where immortals lived" by the Singapore Press. Source: big test

After several years of development and construction, the basic servicefacilities of qingshangou scenic spot have been greatly improved, withconvenient transportation and developed communication. There are more than 30high, medium and low-grade hotels and restaurants in the scenic area, which canreceive 4000 tourists at the same time. There are 18 ships, which can carry 800tourists at the same time. Here you can eat carp from Qingshan Lake, a varietyof river fish, and a variety of pollution-free mountain vegetables and otherlocal specialties.

Qingshangou scenic spot is surrounded by mountains and barriers. Theterrain inclines from west to East, showing a trend of low in the East and highin the West. The forest coverage rate is 80%. The annual average temperature is8.5 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 28 ℃, the maximum temperature is 32 ℃, theannual average rainfall is 1200 mm, and the frost free period is 180 days.

Qingshangou scenic area is rich in animal and plant resources. There are 98families and 1900 species of plants in the area, including more than 200 woodyplants and 8 precious plants, namely ginseng, Apostichopus japonicus, Salixmandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, wild soybean, Juglans mandshurica, tiller,etc. The main forest species are deciduous broad-leaved forest, including oak,chestnut, maple, elm, birch, poplar, white wax, etc. Rare medicinal materialsinclude ginseng, asarum, Guanzhong, liaowuwei, astragalus, Fritillaria,Gastrodia elata, clover, etc., as well as various wild mushrooms, such asTricholoma matsutake, Tricholoma yuhuangensis, Coprinus comatus, Tricholomamatsutake, and artificially planted edible mushrooms such as Lentinus edodes andPleurotus ostreatus. The annual output of Pleurotus ostreatus is 2500 tons, andthe scenic spot is rich in hawthorn, chestnut, walnut, club, Auriculariaauricula, etc., with an annual output of chestnut up to 400 tons Tons. Thescenic spot is also rich in famous exotic mountain wild vegetables such aspteridophytes, dragon teeth and celery. There are more than 200 species ofanimals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish and so on. There are black bear, roedeer, fox, rabbit, otter, mandarin duck, grey heron and various tits on themountain. In the water, there are not only rare amphibians such as dragon clawturtle and giant salamander, but also turtle, high back carp, mandarin fish,pond fish, forest frog, loach and stream lobster.

The hardness of Hunjiang water is 1.17 mg / L, which is much lower than thestandard hardness of drinking water of 1.96 mg / L stipulated by the WorldHealth Organization. It is equivalent to the drinking water standard stipulatedby the World Health Organization. Due to the high vegetation coverage, good soiland water conservation, no industrial and air pollution, rivers, streams andstreams are extremely clear, most of the streams can be directly drunk, sweetand delicious, and contain a variety of trace elements and mineral resourcesnecessary for human body. OK, heres a brief introduction of the scenicspot.

Now our tour bus has been running for 60 minutes. Lets have a rest. If youhave any questions, please ask your guide.

Hello, everyone. Our destination is coming. Please pack up your luggage. Ina moment, well divide our rooms and have dinner downstairs in 10 minutes. Thenwell visit Castle Peak Lake directly. Please bring your camera, water, glassesand so on.

Now we are going to visit Qingshan Lake scenic spot, which is known as "LiRiver in the north of the Great Wall". Its 8 kilometers away from qingshangouTown, and it takes about 15 minutes. Now Id like to introduce the generalsituation of Qingshan Lake to you. The water area of Qingshan Lake scenic spotis vast. The widest part of the lake can reach 1500 meters, up and down morethan 100 kilometers, and the water depth is 30-70 meters. The lake water isclear and green. You can go boating on the lake, but you can see the green hillson both sides of the lake. The boat breaks through the water, and the mountainsand waters become a fairyland. Qingshan Lake scenic area has arrived, the firstthing we see is a European style pavilion, which is "Yugui villa". It was inJuly 1993

The famous Chinese painter song Yugui invested 6.5 million yuan, coveringan area of 3800 square meters. It is a high-grade hotel integrating food,accommodation and entertainment.

When you get on the ship for a while, please pay attention to your safetyand take your valuables. Especially on the ship, its easy to lose things orfall into the water. At the same time, you should take care of each other on theship and carry forward the spirit of unity and friendship, so that our play canbe more relaxed and enjoyable.

(after you sit down) let me tell you a true story: in the early summer of1994, Kong Xiangyi, Secretary of the Party committee of Zaohua Township, __ District, __ City, and others came here for a tour. They found a big red carpweighing more than 20 jin in Qingshan Hotel and were ready to kill it. When hesaw the fish, he bought it for 120 yuan and set it free in Qingshan Lake. Whenhe visited Qingshan Lake by boat, the carp led the fish to follow the boat, jumpin the water and see each other off. I dont know if this big red carp is humanor spiritual.

Now we see the "clove cliff". In late spring, the cliff is full of gorgeousclove flowers, and you can smell a refreshing fragrance from afar. Compared withDingxiang cliff, "huaxiantai" is more beautiful. When spring comes, the wildazaleas all over the mountain compete for beauty. The crown of Chinas famouscalligrapher inscribed "huaxiantai" on it. The 100 meter long cliff in front is"_ _", which is the best place for tourists to fish. Lets take a look at thecliff in front of us. Is it like a turtle putting its head into the lake.

In front of this is "Baiyun peak", which has a thousand strokes and issurrounded by clouds. It is said that the eight immortals came here from Penglaito drink and sing. There is a beautiful legend on "Baiyun peak", but there is asad story under "Baiyun peak": a long time ago, there was a mountain dweller whoput wooden rafts south to support his family. One day, the mountain dweller wasengulfed by Jiang Tao. His wife did not see his husband return, so she stood onthe huge natural terrace to watch him return. After a long time, she fell intothe river, so people began to welcome him back The high platform standing by theriver is called "Wangfu platform".

Looking to the right, you can see that thousand year old pine, which ismore than ten meters high and has double hugs. No one knows why it withered inthe year of Xuantong (1919). For three years, a man surnamed Li wanted to cut itdown for firewood. But as soon as his axe fell, the pine was bleeding. The manalso had abdominal pain and fell under the tree. From then on, no one dared tocut it down Years later, it miraculously resurrected, and even more leafy.Therefore, people call it "songshen".

In front of the cliff, which stretches for 1000 meters and is as high as100 meters, is the "bronze wall". Next to the "bronze wall" is the "GrandCanyon". There is another scene in the valley, such as the "mountain soundwaterfall" flowing between the valleys, the "sister spring" with two springsflowing side by side, and the "zhonghundong" relic of the Anti JapaneseAlliance. It is an ideal place for tourism and piics.

If you look to the right, this is the unique Castle Peak Lake - midsummerice. Even in the middle of the summer, its cold. You can also see the goose eggsized ice growing in the crevice of the stone. Every morning, a white fog beltfrom the "midsummer ice" blows across the lake and goes straight to the GrandCanyon. Its called "white dragon crossing the river" for a long time. These twophenomena can be called "white dragon crossing the river" all over the worldWonder, a mystery.

Now we can see that an ancient temple on the left bank of the lake isQingfu temple. Qingfu temple was built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.There were 48 monks in the heyday of incense. The temple was burned by Japaneseinvaders when they invaded China. After repair, it was destroyed during theCultural Revolution. In 1994, Mr. Cai Jinzhong of Singapore invested $80000 torelocate and repair the temple. Now the painting is over and will be open to thepublic in the near future.

From afar, we can see the "Eight Immortals terrace" in the "immortalValley". Under the "Eight Immortals terrace" is the "Chinese painter village"built by Mr. Song Yugui with an investment of 3.6 million yuan, covering an areaof 5000 square meters. These are many western style buildings located at theentrance of "immortal Valley". With the ups and downs of the mountains,pavilions, scattered. It is the best place for leisure vacation and paintingfrom life. Along the "Chinese painter village", there is Wugu spring gushingfrom the top of the cliff, just like Wulong spitting water, which is called"Wulong spring". If you go on, you will see a huge stone like sleeping Buddha,which is called "sleeping monk stone". On the left side of the gully, there is a"Liuhua waterfall" which has been splashed by the cliff. Around the "Liuhuawaterfall", there is a large and small deer shaped "Luming spring" lying in theforest. On the right side, you will see a majestic spring rushing down from the80 meter high cliff, which is gushing from the gap between heaven and mountainIt comes from the sky, so it is called "Feiyun waterfall" and "immortal Valley"has many beautiful interior scenes.

Ascending along the river, you can see the tall and straight "Shenwangpeak". It is said that there are a lot of ginseng on the peak, and there arezhushenwang. Every time the ginseng is pulled, Shenduo reflects half of theriver red, and the scenery is full of people. When the Japanese invadersoccupied Northeast China, they heard that there was a ginseng king at the top ofthe peak, so they forced the local people to cut down wood to build a ladder tocollect treasure. When the ladder was half built, Yang Jingyu led hissubordinates to come and beat the Japanese invaders away. It is said that theginseng king was good at hiding changes and is still on the "ginseng Kingpeak".

Look at the small and beautiful "xiaoxianshan" and "Shuangrufeng" on theright bank of the river. There are many layers of cliffs. In spring and autumn,swallows flock to the "swallow tail". On the cliff, there is a pit about onemeter deep and square. It is said that in ancient times, the local people usedto infer the time according to the change of the position of the shadowprojection in the pit, which is very accurate, so it is named "jinzhongbi"”。

Tourists, the island in front of the river is the destination of ourQingshan Lake scenic spot, "Liuhua island". It is like a bright pearl embeddedin the center of the river. "Liuhua island" is famous for its luxuriant grass,willow trees, poplar and catkins.

Friends, what we are going to visit now is hutanggou scenic spot, which isabout 6 kilometers away from our starting place, and the journey is about 20minutes.

Hutanggou scenic spot is the most original scenic spot among the threescenic spots. It has deep canyons, rattan trees blocking out the sun, steepmountains, many strange rocks, gurgling streams and splashing waterfalls. It isknown as "the most secluded place in the world" and was named by Puyi, the lastemperor of China

In order to appreciate the quiet state of hutanggou, his younger brotherPuJie named it "hutangyoujing".

Why is it called "hutanggou"?

Listen to the old people say, a long time ago, there lived two brothers inthis ditch. They lived by hunting and firewood all day. One day, they wenthunting in the mountains as usual, but they got nothing. When they were tired togo home, they found an injured tiger in the fork of the ditch. They saw thetiger crawling on a stone, and their eyes seemed to be still streaming withtears. The two brothers couldnt bear to ask for help any more To hurt it, sothe brothers took the injured tiger home, while treating the injury, they gavethe tiger what they had to eat. In a few days, when the tigers injury washealed, the brothers put it back to the injured place. The tiger walked awaystep by step, and seemed to be grateful to both of them. A year has passed, andthe days of the two brothers are as usual. One day, a girl came from a distancewho said she was in a panic. She had no place to settle down and asked herbrothers to take her. The kind-hearted brothers saw that the girl was also poor,so they took her. Every day, they went hunting in the mountains, and the girlcooked, washed and cleaned up the housework at home. Since they came to thisgirl, their days have been better and better, and they have been harvesting moreand more prey for a long time, The elder brother married the girl. A year later,he gave birth to a fat son. The two brothers were very happy. Just when they hada good life, they found that the girl was in a bad mood and always seemed tohave something on their mind. However, the girl didnt say anything. One day,the two brothers went hunting again. The girl cooked the meal, put the child inthe yard and told the child to listen to his father In the evening, when the twobrothers came home happily, they found that there was no girl in the family, sothey searched everywhere. There was only a picture left on the table, and thetwo brothers understood it as soon as they saw it. It turned out that the girlwas the tiger who was injured in that year. Because of the help of the twobrothers, they came to repay their kindness. For two years, they have beentaking care of them, and now they are dead After the completion of the task ofrepaying kindness, we must go back, otherwise it will not be left in the world.Although the two brothers miss her very much, there is no way. In order tocommemorate this beautiful story in the world, people named this place"hutanggou". This folk story has also been handed down. Believe it or not, infact, this story mainly tells us that the people here are simple andkind-hearted, and the mountains, water and people here are more beautiful.

Sand Lake is a paradise for birds. There are 98 species of birds in 24families, 11 orders. Among them, there are national first-class protected birds:Great Bustard, Chinese merganser, white tailed sea eagle and black stork. Thereare 14 species of birds under the second level protection of the state, such asthe Yellow River, pelican, swan, white goose, mandarin duck, grey crane andHeron. Brief introduction of Shahu scenic spot in Ningxia

Shahu reed has thin skin, long section and good toughness. After carefuldesign, we can create artistic products with unique shape and elegant taste. Theprocess of reed painting is complex. First of all, we need to cut the tip of thereed, then untie the reed, remove the knot, peel, plane the pulp, soak andflatten it, then draw, write and carve on the reed according to the patterndrawn in advance, and finally use an electric iron to make different colorsaccording to the needs. When making sculpture, we should make full use of thedirection of reed fiber to make the pattern clear and vivid. In some reedpaintings reflecting the scenery of Shahu Lake, the artistic conception isbeautiful, the meaning is infinite, lifelike and exquisite.

Sweet and sour Yellow River carp is a delicious dish with bright color,beautiful shape and tender inside. The preparation method is as follows: first,remove the scales of the Yellow River carp, cut the abdomen, remove the viscera,and wash it; then cut the fish back into oblique knife patterns, wrap it withyellow paste, deep fry it in oil pan until golden yellow, pick it up and put iton a plate, and pour it with pre cooked sweet and sour sauce.

On April 27, 1997, bainiao Park was officially opened to tourists, with aninvestment of more than 3 million yuan and an area of 1090 square meters. Ofcourse, it is mainly composed of migratory birds. The incubation period of birdsis from April to June every year, and the breeding period is from July toAugust. During this period, the number of birds is up to one million. Thisbirdwatching platform can accommodate hundreds of people. It is equipped withthe most advanced high-power telescope in China to provide a first-classenvironment for birdwatching First class facilities, first class service.

Liaocheng city is a famous cultural city with a long history. Named after the deep chat is located in the ancient river west bank, has a "city" reputation. Liaocheng city in shandong province is located in the economically developed, the highest in luxi, henan, hebei, is located in east China, north China, central China at the junction of three administrative region.

Liaocheng as early as in primitive society have ancestors in the breeding, engaged in agricultural production. Can be traced back to about sixty-seven thousand years ago the eight longshan culture city, found they are by far the largest of the longshan culture. Visible, the ancient west bank dhi water was an important political and cultural center.

Xia period, liaocheng economic and social development faster, agriculture and handicraft industry is developed. Minister of early shang yi zhi has "put his ideas into the field of qixin", for Thomson destroyed xia jie, he xian phase. There is "one of the 24 filial piety" MinZiQian. During the spring and autumn period, liaocheng for qi west important cities. There are counselors meter. During the warring states period, liaocheng fight for governors. There is a famous town sun bin, LuZhongLian fame spread far to celebrities.

Glorious period in the history of the Ming and qing dynasties is liaocheng, yuan to $26 years (1289) to the Ming yongle nine years (1411) brought several times between the open river, motivated throughout much of north and south China grand canal boom brought vitality to the development of liaocheng, linqing, liaocheng along one of the nine largest commercial port. "Chan liaocheng city of fireworks, more than thousand households", many businessmen, doing well in all sectors, boat and ZhouLu connect, horses and chariots, goods product, however. Foreign merchant guild alongside the river, a famous chung building shelf, a house, the qing emperor kangxi emperor 4 times to chat, qianlong emperor nine times in liaocheng.

ChengJianLi after the Peoples Republic of China, liaocheng people inherit the historical tradition, the arduous struggle, forge ahead, in all walks of life have made significant achievements. Liaocheng called dongchang, has a long history, the humanities landscape and the natural landscape is very rich. 446 places of interest, of which 3 national key cultural relics protection units, the provincial key cultural relics protection unit 15. Picturesque fairmont lake, covers an area of 4.2 square kilometers, the ancient liaocheng city is located in the middle of the lake, formed "the city has a lake, the lake city, lake city" of the unique pattern and style of the ancient city, is a famous city in northern China, is known as the "Oriental Venice". The citys major tourist resources of liaocheng ShanShan hall, linqing stupas, mosques, the companys tomb, si 5 jingyang hill, etc.

Dccement built in the Ming dynasty, grand, "yellow crane, yueyang also when looking at worship". ShanShan hall built in the qing dynasty, fine carving, layout rigorous, is a rare masterpiece in our guild buildings. Is known as "dongchang sambo" one of the song dynasty tower, of primitive simplicity is bold, vigorous tall and straight, is one of the few remaining tower in our country. Four private realm, one of the library in qing dynasty, the collection of the rich "map of armour to view". Around the city, wu song also distributed on the west door celebrate lion pavilion, wu3 song dozen tiger jingyang hill, fishs tomb, at the foot of the mountain and the ancient well, labyrinths, topped the rocky, stupas etc. A large number of famous places of interest.

Liaocheng is a beautiful place, and is a famous scholar fu sinian, ji, his traditional Chinese painting master flavor, national hero and the partys good cadre kong fansen hometown.

明清民居竖为路，横为进，进与进之间往往有天井使每进都保持一定的距离。

天井是中国民居中的重要组成部分。天井的表层功能是通风、采光、排水。其深层功能则是精神上的要求。天井把人们的视线观念引至苍天，天、地、人三者在视线和思维上成一直线，从而产生天人共在的感觉。

在中国，南方和北方都有天井。但是我们现在所看到的道路两旁的小天井却是苏州特有的。她叫蟹眼天井。小巧玲珑而别开生面。你们看，在咫尺隙地上种着几丛青篁，形成一个小小的天井，阳光从上面漏下来，照得簇簇竹叶生气勃勃，如同一幅充满生趣的小品画。蟹眼天井体现了苏州人的生活情趣和巧思妙想，就像一张报纸的版面，大块文章中嵌入一方小小的图案，使本来显得沉闷的版面有了生气，有了灵气。

042升官发财梯---------在玉涵堂景点内

走出天井右转我们上楼，那么我们发现这个楼梯是两边的，左右是有含义的：左升官右发财所谓升官发财梯。

043魁星踢斗图---------在玉涵堂景点内

魁星就是文曲星，文曲星是主科举的，而“踢斗”就是踢中北斗星，有“独占鳌头”的意思。这也是赶考的举子们玩的一种藏字图游戏。

044一门三鼎甲---------在玉涵堂景点内

我国的科举制度是从隋朝开始，到清末结束的。科举考试的前三名称之为三鼎甲，也就是状元、榜眼和探花。在一千多年的时间里，全国共出了711名状元，而苏州就有50名。尤其是清代，苏州占全国状元总数的近四分之一。所以，有人开玩笑说，苏州的土特产之一就是——状元。苏州不仅状元多，而且父子、兄弟都考中进士的情况也很多。比如这幅一门三鼎甲图，讲的就是苏州昆山的徐氏三兄弟“三鼎甲”入仕，他们的母亲顾氏是明末清初著名思想家顾炎武的妹妹，丈夫游学在外，她督促3个儿子“课诵恒至夜午不辍，”3兄弟早年即以才学闻名乡里，后来徐氏3兄弟同时考中状元、榜眼和探花，这在整个中国科举考试史中实乃罕见。

045文武升官图---------在玉涵堂景点内

这是当年赶考的举子们玩的一种游戏，游戏方法有点象现在的飞行棋。从白丁开始，武官一直升到公爵，文官一直升到太师。

046状元及第图---------在玉涵堂景点内

古时读书人新结婚时，都会在家里挂这样一座“对屏”，称之为状元及第图(左边的是武状元，右边的是文状元)。希望新郎能够高中状元。

047玉涵堂模型---------在玉涵堂景点内

这是按玉涵堂的原貌做的模型。我们可以看出这是一个封闭式的院落。房屋前低后高，寓意步步高升，一代胜过一代。这里的每幢住宅的房屋间数都是奇数，表示吉利。单檐翘角、斗拱重昂的砖细门楼、各种自然物象的寓意、谐音及附加文字表达吉祥之意。顶脊正中设置万年青聚宝盆，并塑有“独占鳌头”、“招财利市”的主体雕塑。苏州建筑装饰，最大特点是将民间传统画与高升富贵意识巧妙地揉合在一起，如：瓶插三戟——平升三级，金钱双斧——富贵双全等等，使人获得心理安慰。

修复后的玉涵堂分为“四路五进”，总面积有六千平方米。

中一路：前为官宦人家，后设高级会馆。

西一路：为山塘人文风情馆

048清朝官吏补服---------在玉涵堂景点内

清朝官吏的等级制度非常森严，官吏的补服、朝珠、补子(就是缝在官袍胸前、背后的图案)因为品级的不同而不同。尤其是补子，每个品级的图案都不一样。而且文官和武官的也不同。文官的图案是鸟，而武官的图案是兽。所以，今天把腐败分子称之为“衣冠禽兽”，大概就是从这里衍生而来的。

049幻影成像---------在玉涵堂景点内

为了能让大家更加直观的了解山塘当时的繁盛景象，我们还特意花了百万巨资制作了8分钟的幻影成像《山塘繁盛录》。请大家欣赏。

050山塘画舫---------在玉涵堂景点内

大家看到一个船的模型，这叫画舫是古代吃船菜游玩用的，大家可以站在船的后面，在船前的人就可以看到站在船后的人仿佛在水上行走，大家可以拍照留念!

那么看完画舫我们就下楼了，在下楼的时候请注意当心碰头

各位游客，到这里为止，我们就一起简单的浏览了这本鲜活的山塘字典。我们相信，在今天山塘的游玩中，大家所能感受到的不仅仅有昔日山塘的繁华，还有今日山塘的许多美丽与祝福。山塘的辉煌属于历史，山塘的辉煌更属于现在和将来。

052后花园---------在玉涵堂景点内

当年吴一鹏的儿子吴子孝为了孝敬父母，在山塘曾筑有“真趣园”，但早无遗踪可寻。现在这座真趣园重建于20xx年。主持修建“真趣园”的是苏州著名的园林古建大师薛福鑫。薛福鑫曾经主持修复了拙政园和留园。尤其是拙政园里的远香堂更是大师的惊世之作。

薛大师依据传统造园手法设计园内景点，根据地形特点，以植物将真趣园分为春夏秋冬4个景区，梅林春晓、玉溪风荷、金秋待月、舒影亭等景点散布其间，凸现了园林真意。

其中五亭建筑是苏州古典园林中没有的，表示五子登科、五谷丰登、吉祥圆满的意思。

荷花池旁是座梅花草堂，又名花篮厅。草堂屏风上刻一幅浅雕老梅，虬干苍劲，疏枝横斜，是承建玉涵堂的太湖古建公司总工程师、七十多岁的薛福鑫老先生画的，可见他是个很有学问的工匠师。背面是明代文征明的梅花诗，书法潇洒闲雅，舒卷自如。

七里山塘讲解，到此全部结束，感谢您的参观。祝您旅途愉快。

Dear friends, the wall we see now is the Wuyi jingshe site. Wuyi jingshewas an academy built by Zhu Xi in 1183. According to Dong Tiangongs records ofWuyi Mountains, Wuyi jingshe was a big building in Wuyi Mountain at that time,which was called "the Grand View of Wuyi". There are Renzhi hall, Yinqiu room,zhisuliao, shimenwu, guanshanzhai, Hanqi hall, wandui Pavilion and TiediPavilion. Those who come from all over the world sigh for their success. Zhu Xiwrote books in Wuyi jingshe, advocated Taoism and lecturing for ten years, andcultivated a large number of Neo Confucianism talents. Therefore, Wuyi jingshe,which he founded, was attached great importance to by feudal rulers and wasrepaired and expanded in all dynasties. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty,the expanded Wuyi jingshe was renamed "Ziyang academy", which was allocated bythe government to Gongtian to support scholars. Then he set up the teaching postof "mountain head" to preside over the teaching affairs. In the early YuanDynasty, Shanchang was changed to "Professor". In 1365, Wuyi jingshe wasdestroyed by the war. In 1448, after Zhu Xun and Zhu Shu, the eighth grandsonsof Zhu Xi, invested in the reconstruction, they were also called "Zhu WengongTemple" to worship Zhu Xi. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the QingDynasty, the plaque of "XueDa Xingtian" was granted, which was rebuilt. In 1708,the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang often called on Luo manbao to donate hissalary and advocate the repair of jingshe, which has a history of more than 200years.

Hundreds of meters from Wuyi jingshe, there are more than 10 caves underthe xibiyan of jiezhufeng. In the morning and evening of winter and spring,light clouds often emerge from the cave and wander gently between the peaks androcks. Sometimes they gather together, sometimes they disperse, freely andunpredictable. Therefore, the name of the cave is "cloud nest". Cloud nest issurrounded by sound rock, Danlu rock, Xianji rock, Tianzhu peak, dressing table,shaibuyan, Tianyou peak, cangping peak, Jiezhu peak, etc. The stone gate you seein front of you is the site of Shugui jingshe. "Shugui jingshe" is clearlyvisible on the forehead. Shugui, surnamed Jiang Mingzhi, was born in theNorthern Song Dynasty. He was an official of Xiaolian. There used to be anexquisite ancient building built in the early Qing Dynasty to commemorate JiangZhi. Now this stone gate is the only one left. I pass the stone gate of Shuguishouse, but I feel suddenly enlightened. The pavilion on the left, which is onthe edge of Jiuqu River, is called Shimao Qinglian Pavilion. The peak on theright is Yinping peak, which is attached to Yinping peak. There are three markson the waist of the peak, as if it were broken and connected together. It iscalled jiezhufeng. The pavilion under Yinping peak is called Shuiyue Pavilion.It is said that the moon is bright and the stars are rare. When you enjoy themoon with wine in the pavilion at night, the wind can reach four moons. Pleaseguess which four moons are there? One in the sky, one in the water, one in thecup, and one in the heart. The dark rock in the middle of the cloud nest lookslike a reclining elephant, commonly known as iron elephant rock. There is acrack in the middle of the iron elephant rock. People walk through it, but theyfeel that the sky is like a line. In order to distinguish Xinan Lingyanyixiantian, it is called "xiaoyixiantian". Yunwo is bounded by tiexiangyan,which is divided into upper and lower yunwo. Yunwo boulder leaning, back rocknear the water, is located in Wuhan

Yishan essence zone is the first win area for Wuyi. It has always been aplace where ancient scholars and famous officials lived in seclusion. In 1583,Chen Sheng, the Minister of the Ministry of war, built "Youxi cottage" betweenthe upper and lower cloud nests. There were more than 10 pavilions, platforms,buildings and pavilions, including binyun hall, Qiyun Pavilion, ChaoyunPavilion, Shengyun terrace and chiyun Pavilion. Unfortunately, these buildingshave been abandoned for a long time. Some cliff inscriptions left on the cliffcan still vaguely remind people of the prosperity of the past. There is aninteresting story about Youxi thatched cottage and Wuyi jingshe. It is said thatwhen Chen built Youxi cottage in yunwo, Ziyang academy built by Zhu Xi was veryold. On the one hand is the elegant environment and exquisite architecture; onthe other hand is the academy which is in disrepair and about to collapse. Whena scholar saw this scene, he wrote a poem on the wall: "Ziyang academy againstQingbo, broken the wall and half a female bamboo shoot. I love the pavilion andpavilion next to each other, and the painting column and the Zhugong are thecloud nest. " When Chen saw the poem, he said with a smile: This is obviouslyexciting. Today, the Ziyang academy has been renovated by donating money andemploying workers.

The peak on the left side of tiexiangyan is the sun cloth we saw on thebamboo raft. Please pay attention to it. There are spots in the middle of thewall of the sun cloth rock, which looks like the palm of a man. There are dozensof lines more than ten feet long. It is said that this is left by an immortal,so the sun cloth rock is also called "Xianzhang peak". As a result of years ofwater erosion, shaibuyan is covered with hundreds of straight water tracks.Whenever the West slanting sun shines on the wall, it can be seen more clearly.Overlooking the stream, you can see that the shadow is at the bottom of thestream and rippling with the waves, just like countless flowing black and whitesnakes running straight down from the bottom of the stream. If it rains, therain will fall down from the top of the rock along the straight track, as if theSu Lian is in the air, and thousands of silver dragons are flying, which can becalled a wonder. There is a popular story about the origin of shaibuyan andxianzhangfeng: it is said that a long time ago, the weaver girl of Tiangongcarried brocade bags and sang songs to collect colorful brocade every day. Thesebrocade, together with strands of gold and silver thread, are woven into silksand satins for the queen mother. One morning, when the tiaotan Dajiao fairy, whowas in charge of the transportation, was walking on the cloud road throughyunwo, Wuyi Mountain, carrying a load of silk and brocade woven by the weavinggirl, he inadvertently looked down and was immediately fascinated by the wonderof "blue water and Danshan". He then put down the brocade to play. When he heardthe drum of the heavenly palace, he thought of the brocade. He saw that the silkhad been wet. He was afraid of the Queens reproach. So he shook away thebrocade and put it on the wall of the rock. But the brocade was too long, and italways fell to the edge of the Liuqu stream. He pulled and pulled until it wassmooth. After several times of hard work, the immortal Bigfoot was in a state ofdistress and found a yin

Cool place then snore big sleep. As soon as I wake up, the sun has gonewest. When he got up and looked at it, there was a golden glow in front of him.Originally, it was made of damask, shining in the sun, which made the blue waterand Danshan more beautiful. Big foot fairy touched with his hand, and the rockwall was hot. He was flustered and rushed to collect the cloth. However, theribbons and satins have been melted into the smooth stone wall, and even thepalm of dajiaoxians cloth has been embedded into the rock wall forever. "Nowthere are fairy palms on the stone, green moss on the green fingers." This isthe view of Xianzhang peak.

Please note that the word "Fu Hu" is engraved on the front wall. The authorof the inscription is Chen Sheng, the owner of Youxi cottage. In the 11th yearof Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1583), Chen province was excluded because of hisdisagreement with the prime minister Zhang Juzheng. Although the Emperor gaveseveral gifts, he still resigned and returned to Fujian. Its only with deepfeelings that we dont meet. Its built in Wuyi Mountain. There is a rock inshiyunwo that looks like a crouching tiger. The word "Crouching Tiger" is usedto describe him as a crouching tiger in Wuyi Mountain, hoping to make a comebackone day. The bamboo cluster on the right of fuhuyan is the square bamboomentioned by Mr. Guo Moruo in his poems about Wuyi. This kind of bamboo looksround, but it is very strange to touch. If you dont believe it, you can feelit. From the stone path in front of Fuhu rock, you can see a stone gate with theword "towering deep lock" engraved on its forehead. When you enter the stonegate, you suddenly see a bright future. This is known as tea production "a Wuyi"said the tea hole. Looking from the cave, you can see jiesun peak, Yinping peak,Qingyin rock, Tianyou peak, Xianzhang peak, and Xianyou rock far away in Sanqu.The cliffs are like tall walls. The only way to surround them is a rock in theWest. People in the cave, which covers an area of 67 mu, look up and see onlythe blue sky. Just as Xu Xiake wrote in his travels to Wuyi Mountain: "all thepeaks are steep on the top, but the bottom is complex. There is no Dengdaooutside, and only the West leads to a ridge, which is more correct than theMingyan of Tiantai." Therefore, there are scholars in the past dynasties whobuilt a seclusion in the cave, such as Liu Hengs small seclusion in the SongDynasty, Li Zhongdings Zhuxia residence in the Ming Dynasty, and Dong maoxunsLiuYun Library in the Qing Dynasty. Now these ancient buildings

Most of them are missing, except the former site of Dong maoxuns Liuyunbookstore. This pool in the north of Chadong is called "Xianyu pool", where thesnowflake spring falling from Tianyou peak and Qifeng is gathered. It is saidthat there was a fairy bathing in this pool, so it is named. Look at the stonepath leading to Yinping peak in the south. More than ten meters away from ourlocation, there is a stone gate with the word "Liuyun bookstore" engraved on theforehead. This is the former site of LiuYun Bookstore built by Dong maoxun. Morethan 200 years ago, the author of Wuyi Mountain records, Gong Tiangong,completed the compilation of 24 volumes of Wuyi Mountain records in his fatherDong maoxuns Liuyun library, leaving a valuable cultural heritage for Wuyipeople. Through the stone gate, through the "chicken breast" and "Dragon Ridge",we can see the inscription "immortal world" on the cliff, which means that thereis the dividing line between the human world and the fairyland. Only those whohave the courage and knowledge to cross the dangerous path of Wuyi Mountain -"chicken breast" and "Dragon Ridge" can enter the peak fairyland. Standing atthe top of the peak, this pavilion is called "Xianyi Pavilion". Climb a few moremeters to the top of Yinping peak. The original Mosque at the peak was built inthe third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1577) and is now abandoned. Fromthe top to the south, there is a hole in the half wall, which is called"nanmingjing". Liu Duanyang, a Taoist of Ming Dynasty, was born here, and thereare still stone tombs and mirages. Dear friends, please get ready for climbing.Now we begin to climb Tianyou peak. From Chadong to Tianyou peak, there are morethan 800 stone steps. If you are interested, you may as well count them whileclimbing to see who has the most accurate number.

At this moment, we finally boarded the Tianyou peak viewing platform. Wehave worked hard all the way. According to the figures just reported by you, Mr.Zhang and Mr. Li are the most accurate. There are 826 stone steps. Thank you foryour cooperation. Tian swimming pool peak is connected with Xianyou rock in theEast and Xianzhang peak in the West. It is surrounded by thousands of highpeaks. When its sunny after the rain and the first morning dew, the vast whiteclouds cover the mountains and valleys; the wind blows the clouds, ups anddowns, just like the waves of the sea, surging and surging. Standing on theviewing platform and looking at the sea of clouds, its like being in afairyland of Penglai. You are invited to visit qiongge in Tiangong, so itscalled "Tianyou". Located in the center of the scenic spot, it is an excellentWuyi landscape viewing platform. With the circulation of time sequence, you canenjoy the sunrise, clouds, Buddha light, sunset, bright moon, etc. from theviewing platform, you can rent a column to look far away, but you can see a fewpeaks. The peak in the west is Baqus Sanjiao peak, and the peak in the East isYiqus Dawang peak. Overlooking the nine winding, bamboo rafts gently swing,Wuyi landscape panoramic view, it is open-minded, forget home. Xu Xiakecommented: "it is not near the river, but can make the best of Jiuxi, and canmake the best of Jiuxi. This peak should be the first."

From the viewing platform, there is a palace like building in front of you,which is Tianyou temple. On the wonderful stage after watching, you can see thatthe tree with the brand of ancient and famous trees is the rare red bean tree.Whenever the mature season, mountain breeze, pods have been scattered on theground, rolling out of the red beans, crystal clear, bright and lovely.

Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "red beans are born in thesouth. How many branches will spring bring? I hope you can pick more. This isthe most Acacia. " I hope you can find a few more grains under the tree and takethem home to become the perfect memorial of Wuyishan. The stream beside the redbean tree is called Hu Ma stream. On the stone wall beside the stream, there aremore than one cliff stone of past dynasties. Among them, the largest "firstmountain" is inscribed by Xu Qingchao, general of dongwuxian, Renchen, Daoguang.It means that Tianyou peak is "the first resort of Wuyi", so it should be called"the first mountain". It is also explained that Wuyi Mountain is a famous Taoistmountain, which ranks the 16th among the 36 caves. The founder of Taoism isLaozi, who is the first in the world. Therefore, the famous mountain he occupiedshould be the "first mountain" in the world. After enjoying the cliff stonecarvings and climbing the rugged hill, the memorial archway in front is thememorial archway of Zhongzheng park. The original memorial archway was engravedwith the word "Zhongzheng Park", which was knocked out during the culturalrevolution. Now the relevant departments are in charge of restoring thislandscape.

Dear friends, this is the end of Tianyou peak tour. Please have a rest.Next stop is Taoyuan cave.

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

Hello, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Today, Id like toshow you the big wild goose pagoda, the landmark of Xian.

When it comes to the big wild goose pagoda, I think your first impressionmust be related to the story of Monk Tang in Pilgrimage to the West. In history,Monk Tang is a real person, and its also true. The bronze statue we see now isthe Tang monk. His common surname is Chen. He was born in Yanshi, Henan Provincetoday. His parents died early. When he was 13, he converted to Buddhism. At theage of 20, he was given a full precept in Chengdu. He had traveled all over theworld and visited famous teachers. In the process of his hard study of Buddhism,he felt that there were many different opinions about Buddhism and there was noway to understand it. So he came up with the idea of seeking Dharma in India. Inthe early Tang Dynasty, he came to India with a large number of businessmen. Ittook him 20__ years to travel more than 100000 miles through more than 100countries and regions. It can be said that he had passed the Gobi desert where"there are no birds on the top and no animals on the bottom", passed through theflame mountain, and "cooking by hanging kettle and lying on ice". With thisamazing perseverance, he overcame all kinds of difficulties and arrived in IndiaThere are 657 Buddhist scriptures. In 20__ of Tang Zhenguan, he returned toChangan. Lets look at this bronze statue. Tang Monk holds a staff in one handand bows in the other hand. His eyes are bright. His pace is calm and hisexpression is firm. He seems to be walking on the long road of learning Buddhistscriptures.

[Cien Temple - Mountain Gate - Bell and Drum Tower - Daxiong Hall - titleof wild goose pagoda]

Next, well visit dacien temple. The former name of dacien temple is "WulouTemple". Wulou means no worries. When Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi was the crownprince of Tang Dynasty, in order to recommend Ming Fu to his mother, empressWende, who passed away, and cherish his mothers great kindness, he rebuilt andexpanded the temple here and renamed it dacien temple. Now we come to the gateof dacien temple. The main gate of the temple is called Shanmen, which is alsocalled Sanmen. The empty gate in the middle, Wuzuo gate and Wuxiang gate on theleft and right sides respectively, symbolize the three liberation gates ofBuddhism. The plaque on the gate is a few big characters of "dacien Temple"written by Comrade __ himself.

Walking into the temple, we can see two small buildings. To the East is thebell tower. Inside is an iron bell cast in the Jiaqing period of the MingDynasty. It weighs 30000 Jin. The patterns, patterns and words on the bell areclearly visible. The front of the bell body is engraved with the words "morningbell of wild goose pagoda". For a long time, "the morning bell of the wild goosepagoda" has been regarded as one of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong. To thewest is the drum tower, in which there is a big drum. The bell and drum are thelarge-scale magic weapons of the temple, which are basically used to tell thetime. Monks wake up and sleep when they smell the bell and the drum everyday.

As we go on, what we see is the central building of the whole temple, whichis called Daxiong hall. "Daxiong" is the honorific name for Sakyamuni, in whichSakyamunis three body Buddha is worshipped. First of all, we can see that themiddle one is called Dharma Buddha viluzana Buddha, which means the pure body ofBuddha nature. On the left side is the Bodhisattva Buddha lushana Buddha, whichmeans the body of Buddhas fruit is perfect. On the right side is the BuddhaSakyamuni Buddha refers to all changeable bodies, and refers to the body of allliving beings. On both sides of the statue are the disciples of the Buddha, withKaya in the East and Ananda in the West. There are also statues of ManjusriBodhisattva and Puxian Bodhisattva on both sides.

On the west wall of Daxiong hall, there are several steles of "Yan TA TiMing Ji". The "Yan TA Ti Ming Ji" began in the Tang Dynasty, which is a verypopular custom in the Tang Dynasty. That is to say, as long as the candidatesare admitted to the new imperial examinations, they have to come to the Yan TAfor inscription. They feel that it is a very glorious thing to be able toinscribe under the Yan TA, and they feel that climbing on the Yan TA has beenpromoted step by step since then Qingyun, poet Bai Juyi of Tang Dynasty, wrote apoem after he was admitted as a scholar in the examination, saying: "theyoungest of the seventeen people is at the title under the tower of mercy".

[Fatang - name of Dayan Pagoda - construction and cultural relics of DayanPagoda - Xuanzang Sanzang academy]

Next, lets visit the Dharma hall, which is usually a Buddhist preachingplace. In Qujiang tourist area, the place we can also visit is equivalent to ourcurrent classroom. In the Dharma hall, Amitabha, who is in charge of the WesternParadise, is worshipped. On the east wall of the Dharma hall, there are threerubbings. The middle one is "the picture of Xuanzangs collection", whichdescribes Xuanzang carrying scriptures and hanging street lamps in front, Onboth sides of the rubbings are yuancha and peep Ji, two of Xuanzangs disciples.Yuancha is the grandson of Xinluo state, peep Ji is the nephew of Yuchi Gong, afamous general in the early Tang Dynasty. Both of them worship Xuanzang as theirteacher, which shows Xuanzangs great reputation at that time.

We can see the big wild goose pagoda behind the Dharma hall. Here I wouldlike to introduce the origin of the name of the great wild goose pagoda. Firstof all, it is called "Gensuo" in the western regions and "Yan" in the TangDynasty, so the name of the wild goose pagoda is pronounced in Sanskrit

In the early days of Buddhism, there were two schools: Mahayana andHinayana. Mahayana Buddhism abstained from eating meat, while Hinayana did not.There is a monastery in mogatuo. The monks of the monastery believe in HinayanaBuddhism. One day, when noon is coming, the monks are hungry, and lunch has notbeen settled yet. They complain very much. One monk sees a group of wild geeseflying by in the air, and says jokingly: "we monks havent eaten meat for manydays. If the Bodhisattva has spirit, we should know our predicament! As soon asthe voice falls, we see that the monks of the leading monastery are in troubleNo meat for dinner. At this time, a group of geese flew by in the sky. A monklooked at the geese and said to himself, "today there is no meat in the monksroom. The merciful Bodhisattva will never forget what day it is." Before thevoice fell, the leading goose folded its wings and fell to the ground. The monkswere shocked and realized that the Tathagata tried to educate them. They kneltdown and buried the goose in the courtyard. He built a pagoda and named itYanta. From then on, he changed his belief to Mahayana instead of eating meat.This is the name of Yanta. The word "big" is added in front of the word "wildgoose pagoda". First, the building of the pagoda is magnificent; second, thelater Jianfu Temple Pagoda is also called the wild goose pagoda. In order todistinguish it, it is called the big wild goose pagoda and the small wild goosepagoda.

The Dayan Pagoda was first built in the third year of Yonghui reign ofEmperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. It was designed and built by master Xuanzanghimself, and it took two years to complete. At first, the wild goose pagoda wasfive stories, 180 feet high. Later, it was seriously damaged. When Wu Zetiancame, it was rebuilt into seven stories. People often say that "saving one lifeis better than building a seven level putu". Probably from this, the big wildgoose pagoda is a masterpiece of Buddhist art in China with its simple shape andmagnificent momentum. There are stairs in the tower to spiral up. The brickniches on the East and west sides of the South Gate of the tower are inlaid withthe stele of preface to the three Tibetan holy religions of the Tang Dynastywritten by Emperor Taizong Li Shimin and the stele of preface to the threeTibetan holy religions of the Tang Dynasty written by Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi.Both steles were written by Chu suiliang, a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty,and are known as "two saints and three unique steles".

Next, we will visit "Xuanzang Sanzang courtyard", which is a group ofimitative Tang Dynasty buildings. The whole courtyard is composed of threeparts: Guangming hall in the West courtyard, dabianjue hall in the middlecourtyard and Prajna hall in the east courtyard. The brilliant life of masterXuanzang is divided into two stages and displayed to the world at threedifferent levels. The Guangming hall in the West courtyard shows the experienceand moving deeds of the master from his birth to his forty years old The contentof Prajna hall in Dongyuan is the grand welcome of master Xuanzangs going backto the east to get the Scriptures and encourage him to translate, spread andspread the Scriptures until his death, which is called "the stage of translatingand spreading the scriptures". The middle dabianjue Hall shows the religiousbackground of the historical event of "Xuanzangs going back to the East" with adeeper connotation.

[Dayan Pagoda North Square - Tang Furong Garden - Qujiang Ocean Museum -hanyao - Hu Hai tomb]

Dayan Pagoda has been the place of Qujiang since ancient times. Lets visitseveral other famous scenic spots in Qujiang tourist area.

First of all, lets visit the north square of the great wild goose pagoda.This is a theme square highlighting the great wild goose pagoda, the great CienTemple and the culture of the Tang Dynasty. It was built in 20__. It is composedof the fountain water scenic area, the relief scenic area of the Tang Dynasty,the East-West pedestrian street of the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang poetry gardenarea. It has the largest music fountain in Asia. It has become the "Cityreception hall" and "city card" of Xian.

Next, we come to Tang Furong garden. It was built on Tang Furong gardensite, completely imitating the architectural form of Tang Dynasty Royal Garden.It was built in 20__ and opened to tourists. It covers an area of 1000 mu, witha total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. There are many Tang style buildings,such as ziyunlou, Fengming Jiutian opera house, Luyu tea house, ladies hall,etc. it has the largest water screen film in the world. It is the first themepark in China to show the culture and style of the Tang Dynasty in an all-roundway, and is known as the "No.1 theme park of the Tang Dynasty in the world". InQujiang tourist area, we can visit Qujiang aquarium. It is the largest aquariumin Western China, covering an area of 90 mu with a total investment of 350million yuan. It is mainly composed of dolphin performance hall, Ocean ScienceMuseum, tropical rainforest Museum, undersea tunnel and underwater Grand ViewGarden. We can also visit hanyao, the place where the love story between XuePinggui and Wang Baochuan took place, and the tomb of Qin II Hu Hai, which wasburied as a civilian.

All right, my friends, this is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

尊敬的各位评委 主持人 大家好：

中国古代的城池在不同时代呈现出不同的特点，孟子曾用三里之城七里之郭来形容春秋战国的时期的城池!那么春秋时期的古城到底是什么样子的呢?下面请跟随我一起去了解一座春秋时期的古城----淹城遗址。

她是我国目前保存最为完整的春秋时期古城，距今已经有3020__年的历史， 1988年1月经国务院批准，列为全国重点文物保护单位。关于淹城的来历和淹城的主人究竟是谁，史学界和考古界众说纷纭，至今仍无定论。一说据《越绝书》记载：“毗陵县南城，故古淹君地也。”奄是商代后期的一个古国名，相传奄君因参与叛乱失败后，带领残部辗转逃到江南，在这里凿沟为堑，堆土为城，仍称奄。因古代“淹”通“奄”，遂有“淹城”之名。另一说是春秋晚期吴国公子季札所建，这位2520__年前吴国杰出的外交家、政治家，不满阖闾刺杀僚夺取王位，誓与阖闾的强bao政治决裂，“终身不入吴国”。便在自己的封地延陵筑城挖河，以示淹留之决心，故名:“淹城”。自然，淹城的主人是季札了。关于这座历史古城，尚有许多不解之迷，有待考古工作者、历史学家以及在座的您去揭开迷底。

整个遗址，东西长850米 南北宽750米总面积达65万平方米!从里向外，依次是子城，子城河，内城，内城河，外城，外城河 当地还流传着里罗城 外罗城三套环河四套城 中间方形紫禁城的民谣 这种三城三河相套而成的建筑形态，在我国古代城池遗址中可谓是独一无二!

淹城古迹，曲水环绕宛如一座神秘的水城迷宫，走在其中尽情享受这里的秀丽风光，我们眼前便是内城河，1958年当地百姓在取河中的淤泥作肥料时，竟意外发现了一只独木舟，之后又陆续发现了三条!淹城“沉睡”数千年，独木舟的发现让世人震惊，并引起国内外极大的关注， 这其中最大的一只长11米，口宽0.9米，壁厚0.3米深0.42米现陈列于中国历史博物馆。我们眼前这条独木舟被誉作“开天辟地第一舟”长7.45米，口宽0.5米 深褐色形制为尖头敞尾型，它由整段楠木挖空而成，内壁有焦炭和斧凿的痕迹!经碳14测定，据今已已有2820__年历史属西周遗物。在漫长的历史岁月里他们沉浸在河道的淤泥中，还能保存的如此完整，不得不说是一个奇迹!《易经》中记载“刳木为舟剡木为楫 舟楫之利 以济不通”而这与发现的独木舟恰好吻合!中国使用舟楫已有9千年的历史，但却极少发现如此完整的独木舟，她的发现为研究中国造船史乃至江南先秦史，特别是吴文化，城市建筑，都提供了十分重要的实物资料。繁华阅尽千年事，徒留古城诉沧桑!常州有这样一个有价值的古迹，却一直藏在深闺人未识，"淹城"就如同它的名字一样，千百年来被淹没在悠悠岁月中。叹不完的是文明的源远流长，道不尽的是历史的沧桑轮回。然当你置身于悠远而诱人的古淹城遗址时，相信给您的回味是无穷的，感谢各位来淹城参观游览，淹城的讲解到这里就结束了，谢谢大家!