导游词英语范文(最新20篇)

各位游客：

大家好!

今天我们将游览的是1987年，正式被列为〈世界遗产〉的八达岭的万里长城。我姓刘，叫刘菲菲，大家可以叫我刘导，今天我们登上了长城，你们知道吗?在中国的旅游界里流行着一句话“不到长城非好汉”!这句话可是伟大主席毛泽东写的，我们大家今天登上了长城，所以我们大家都当了一回好汉，你们说，是不是?长城也是八大奇迹之一。它是中国古代劳动人民的血汗，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。游客们，我们已经来到了著名的八达岭长城上，两旁的山上，是苍松翠柏，好像云遮雾，禽鸟和鸣，溪流淙淙，处处充满了诗情画意。大家说，是吗?请大家不要在名胜古迹上乱涂乱画，好吗?

我们向远处看，可以发现这里的长城分成南、北两峰，蜿蜒于山背之上，龙腾虎跃、气象万千，景色十分壮观。长城依山而建，高低起伏。曲折绵延。这段长城的墙体是用整齐巨大的条石铺成的，有的条石长达2米，重数百斤，内部填满泥土和石块，墙上顶地面的地方铺满方砖，十分平整。墙顶外侧筑有高2米的垛口，上有了望孔，下有射击口，供仰望和射击用。城墙每隔一段，筑有一个堡垒的方形城台。城台有高有低，高的叫敌楼，是守望和军士住宿的地方;低的叫墙台，高度与城墙相差不多，但突出墙外，四周有垛口，是巡逻放哨的地方。

八达岭海拔1000米，绵延曲折的长城如巨龙腾飞于崇山峻岭之上。它不仅是中华人民勤劳、智慧的结晶，也是古代建筑工程的杰出代表，登上八达岭长城，极目远望，山峦起伏。雄沉刚劲的北方山势，尽收眼底，长城因山势而雄伟，山势因长城更加险峻。大家觉得长城美吗?

长城在历史世界上还是一个伟大的奇迹!我们今天的旅游到此结束了，祝大家有一个愉快的心情。

Beijing is the worlds eighth largest "food city", among the top of the mainland. Flavor snack in Beijing has a long history, variety, dainty materials, made careful, is a virtue. Qing dynasty all door zhuzhi poems as basic data cloud: "three big money for selling flowers, glutinous rice cake ghost legs the za, a bowl of porridge, sweet pulp in the morning to eat tea liquor seasoned millet mush again; cool fruit Fried cakes, sweet ears, hanging furnace baked wheat cake, glutinous rice ball, fork just to sell, the fire and listening to hardfaced properties; dumpling wonton column trays, adding powder is good Tangyuan..." These snacks are at the temple fair or down the street fair, people inadvertently will encounter, the image of the old Beijing called "to meet food". Beijing flavour snacks on behalf of it, miso candy, plum juice, tea, small steamed corn-bread and poria cocos burgers, sass, ice-sugar gourd, glutinous rice ball, yellow peas, snowballing usury, enema, deep Fried tripe, food is MMMMMMM... delicious, etc.

"Patriotic" is the core of the spirit of Beijing. Patriotism is the glorious traditions of the Chinese nation, is the core of the national spirit, is also the most important characteristics of national cohesion. The fortunes of a Beijing residents have an "the rise and fall in the world," a strong sense of responsibility, sense of mission. "May 4th" movement, "the July 7th incident, founding ceremony, earthquake relief, the Olympic Games and other major historical events, all show the Beijing peoples engagement with the era mission, the heart of the national development and explorations of the sense of responsibility and strong feelings. In the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, Beijing as the capital more need to carry forward the patriotic spirit, love the motherland, love people, love the communist party of China, socialism; More to the patriotic spirit into the construction of the capital, promote the development of passion.

The essence of "innovation" is the spirit of Beijing. Innovation is the soul of national progress, is the driving force for the prosperity of the family, is the core of the spirit of the age, is also the source of the eternal vitality of the party. Innovation reflects the advance with The Times, the positive enterprising spirit of the people in Beijing, Beijing development history is a history of innovation in a sense, never stagnation, reform and innovation, at the same time of carry forward the fine tradition, to make inventions and scaling new heights. Beijing more requires constant innovation spirit, the development of the future rely on innovation to win the initiative and win the advantage, win the future.

"Tolerance" is the spirit of Beijing characteristics. In the formation of a unified multi-ethnic country and grow in the process of the capital Beijing to attract his broad mind and an open mind, integration of the regional ethnic culture, formed the all rivers run into sea, magnanimouses, the mental state of being open, accumulated a rich history and culture, make Beijing had great cohesion and attraction, formed the special advantages of the development of Beijing and strength. During the course of building world city with Chinese characteristics, the Beijing need this more open posture and largeness of mind, respect for differences, allowing diversity and harmonious development.

"Thick DE" is the quality of the spirit of Beijing. History not only gives a brilliant cultural heritage in Beijing, also the excellent moral character has fostered a Beijing citizen civilized and polite. ShangLi, kindness, tolerance, help others is the history of the Beijing cultural heritage. In the process of moving towards a world city, Beijing residents more urgently need to practice the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, people-oriented, help the weak assistive, aged respected, vigorously carry forward the morality of honesty, friendship, mutual assistance and dedication, with administrative civilization quality and spirit to the world.

大家好!欢迎你们到绍兴鲁迅故里来游玩，我是你们的导游，你们能够称我阮导或者称我涛涛，十分高兴能为大家服务，期望我们能够交成朋友，我先带你们去鲁迅故里的景点。

鲁迅故里为于绍兴市区都昌坊口，它后通咸欢河，鲁迅故里坐北朝南!!

走近鲁迅故里，踩着石板路，看着青瓦粉墙，砖木结构和雕花的古木窗，大家就会问这房子有多少年代。这鲁迅故里是周家祖上的台门，有二百多年的历史了，是周家的祖上，他们从湖南搬到绍兴来的，他们保存完好无损。它是保存比较完好的清代建筑之一。沿着石板路，看到以前的书房、天井、古井、灶间，都显得十分古朴，大家会感到自我也在鲁迅那时候。

沿着长廊，向后走去，豁然开朗，看到一个很大的院子，那就是鲁迅小时候玩耍的地方———百草园。虽然那里没有奇花异草，但是它是鲁迅小时候童年的乐园。 这就是鲁迅故里大致的景观，他的古朴、典雅、文化气息，吸引着中外游客。

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Hunan for sightseeing. "I want to have a dreamand a bright future in Hibiscus country." Hunan is the hometown of Mao Zedong.It has beautiful scenery, long history and profound culture. It can be said thatit is a treasure of nature and outstanding people.

Hunan is located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the YangtzeRiver. It is named "Hunan" because it is located in the south of Dongting Lake,the second largest freshwater lake in China. In history, the name of "Hunan"first appeared in the administrative division, which began in the second year ofGuangde in Tang Dynasty (the "Hunan observation envoy" was set up in Hunan),that is, in 764 ad. Hunan is adjacent to Hubei in the north, Guangdong andGuangxi in the south, Jiangxi in the East, Chongqing and Guizhou in the West. Ithas an important strategic position of connecting the East and the West inChina. With a total area of more than 210000 square kilometers and a populationof more than 67 million, the province has residents of 56 ethnic groups livinghere. It has jurisdiction over one autonomous prefecture and 13 prefecture levelcities.

Hunan is called "Xiang" for short. People often use "three Xiangsi and fourrivers" to express the whole territory of Hunan, and "Furong country" is also agood name for Hunan. "Xiang" is named for its mother river, Xiangjiang River.The "three Xiang" of "three Xiang and four rivers" means that the water of Xiangis called "Lixiang" when it flows with Li water at the origin, Xiaoxiang when itflows with Xiaoshui at the middle reaches, and steaming Hunan when it flows withsteam water at the lower reaches. "Four Rivers" refers to the four major watersystems throughout Hunan: Xiangjiang River, Zijiang River, Yuanjiang River andLishui river. Therefore, "three Xiangsi rivers" refers to the whole territory ofHunan. Hunan has the reputation of "Furong country" because Sanxiang has atradition of planting shuifurong (Lotus) and Mufurong (Mulian) since ancienttimes. Tang Dynasty poet Tan Yongzhi once wrote in his poem rain in theXiangjiang River in autumn: "the autumn wind is thousands of miles, the lotuscountry, and the rain is thousands of families, the village of Xue Li." Ofcourse, Comrade Mao Zedongs sentence "I want to have a few dreams, and thebeauty of Hibiscus" in "seven laws to answer friends" makes it famous all overthe world.

The topography of Hunan is like a horseshoe shaped opening to the north. Itis surrounded by mountains in the East, West and south, and only opens toDongting Lake in the north. This topographical feature determines that therivers in Hunan do not "go to the East", but "go to the north of XiangjiangRiver" and pour 800 Li into Dongting Lake. When you walk into Hunan, its hardto see a smooth scene. The hills and lakes, mountains and lakes form the mainbody. Its like wearing a zigzag and pitching coat on the land of Hunan. Underthis coat, there are abundant mineral resources. There are 111 kinds of mineralsdiscovered in Hunan Province and 83 kinds of proven reserves. Among thenonferrous metal mines, the reserves of antimony rank first in the world,tungsten and titanium rank first in China, and manganese and vanadium ranksecond in China. Among the non-metallic minerals, fluorite, barite, feldspar,sepiolite, kaolin, albite and other reserves, output and quality are in theforefront of the country. Hunan is known as "the hometown of nonferrous metals"and "the hometown of non metals".

Hunan has a subtropical humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasonsand an average temperature of about 17 ℃. In spring, the temperature ischangeable, sometimes with "plum blossom and yellow rain"; in summer, the hotperiod is long, known as "stove"; in autumn, although there are many droughts,the air is crisp; in winter, the cold period is short, occasionally withauspicious snow, indicating a good harvest.

Hunan has a long history and the culture of Hunan and Chu is extensive andprofound. According to archaeological findings, primitive people have beenliving in Hunan since 50000-100000 years ago. The excavation of Chengtoushansite in Lixian County proves that the primitive people in Hunan had alreadybegun to live a settled farming life as early as 9000 years ago. In ancienttimes, Chiyou fought with Yanhuang tribes and fled to Hunan after defeat, wherea tribal group called "Sanmiao" was formed. During the spring and Autumn periodand the Warring States period, Chu forces crossed the Yangtze River and DongtingHunan, and the Central Plains culture merged with the local culture, forming aunique style of Chu culture. At that time, Hunans economic development reacheda fairly advanced level, the manufacture and use of bronze ware became moreextensive, and began to enter the iron age. During the Qin and Han Dynasties,Hunans economy and culture got further development. The silk books, silkpaintings, silk fabrics and other cultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Hantomb fully reflected the level of craft and cultural development at that time.By the time of the Three Kingdoms, there were three pillars in the world. HunanProvince was bounded by the Xiangjiang River and belonged to the sphere ofinfluence of Shu and Wu. In 219 ad, Sun Wu seized the whole territory of Hunanand ruled for 60 years. After the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties,Hunan gradually became rich and prosperous, and its agriculture developed byleaps and bounds, and began to become an important rice producing area andsupply place in China. After the Song Dynasty, the water conservancy in DongtingLake area and Sishui River Basin was strengthened day by day, and Hunan became awell-known "land of fish and rice", and gradually gained the reputation of"well-known in the world". Hunan people who "worry about the world and dare tobe the first" began to show their skills from the end of Qing Dynasty to thebeginning of the Republic of China, so that there is a saying that "the generalof Zhongxing, Hunan in the 19th century". In the reform movement, Hunan was "themost dynamic province". During the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Hunan Leaguefirst responded to and supported the uprising with practical actions, which madeHunan in the forefront of the revolution. After the May 4th movement, Mao Zedongrushed from Shaoshan to the stage of Chinese history and opened a new page ofChinese revolution. The first battle of the Red Armys long march was on theXiangjiang River. Hunan was also an important battlefield in the Anti Japanesewar. From 1939 to 1942, the Chinese and Japanese armies fought in Changsha forthree times, especially the third battle. It was the first great victory of theAllies after the Pacific War, which made the Chinese fight. "Eight years fromLugou, a paper down the book out of Zhijiang." On August 21, 1945, the Japanesearmy submitted the letter of surrender to the Chinese people in Zhijiang, HunanProvince. The eight year Anti Japanese war ended with the victory of the Chinesepeople.

"When the river goes to the East, the waves will be washed out, and peopleof all ages will be famous." Looking back at the history of Hunan, how manytalented people in Hunan "hit the water in the middle stream, and the wavesstopped the boats" in the long river of Chinese history and culture? AncientHunan was known as the wild land of "Nanman", which became the exile place ofthe criminal generals since the Warring States period. However, it was thearrival of these guilty ministers that brought Hunan precious cultural wealth.Qu Yuan was demoted to Yuanli valley of Hunan Province for many years, andcreated "Sao style". Lisao, Jiuge and Tianwen were published, which created aprecedent in the cultural history. Song Yu exiled linli for 40 years, inheritedthe literary form of "Ci" and carried it forward. Jia Yi was demoted to Changshafor 4 years in the Western Han Dynasty, and wrote "Ode to Qu Yuan" and "Ode topengniao", which started the Han Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and LiuYuxi were demoted to Hunan, where they also found the source of creation. LiuZongyuans "on feudalism", "Tian Shuo" and "eight chapters of Yongzhou" cameout; Liu Yuxi completed the famous political paper "Tian Lun" and created hisown "Zhuzhi Ci", which opened a new generation of poetry.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Li qunyu, the first great poet in China,Ouyang Xun, Ouyang Tong and huaisu, the first class calligraphers in China, ZhouDunyi, the founder of Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism and Wang Fuzhi, were born inHunan.

"Only Chu has talent, and it is prosperous here." This couplet at the headof Yuelu Academy is the best summary of modern Hunan talents. Under theinfluence of Huxiang culture with the core of "managing the world for practicaluse", the reform pioneers Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, anational hero in the Qing Dynasty, and later Tan Sitong, Huang Xing, Cai E, ChenTianhua, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and other Sanxiang heroes were created here.

After the founding of new China, among the 52 leaders of the centralgovernment, 18 are from Hunan; among the 10 marshals, 3 are from Hunan; amongthe 10 generals, 6 are from Hunan; among the 57 generals, 19 are from Hunan;among the 100 generals, 45 are from Hunan. Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Hu Yaobangsuccessively served as the state presidents, and Zhu Rongji served as the StateCouncil. In addition, a large number of cultural celebrities, such as Qi Baishi,Yang Shuda, Tian Han, Shen Congwen, Ding Ling and Zhou Gucheng, are alsowell-known at home and abroad.

"Its all the past. Ill count the celebrities and look at the present."Todays Hunan people, adhering to the fine traditions of their predecessors andresponding to the call of the central government to "build a harmonioussociety", are making great strides towards a well-off society.

Long history, distinctive culture, talented people, colorful ethnic customsand beautiful natural scenery endow Hunan with rich and unique tourismresources. There are Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower with the same color ofwater and sky, Nanyue Hengshan with the unique beauty of five mountains, themausoleum of Emperor Yan and Emperor Shun, the paradise of peach blossomdescribed by Tao Yuanming, Zhangjiajie scenic spot listed in the world naturalheritage list by UNESCO, and so on; There are the former residences ofcontemporary revolutionary leaders Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi, as well as worldcultural celebrities Qu Yuan, Cai Lun and Qi Baishi; there are world-famouscultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Han tomb and the ancient city site ofChengtoushan in Lixian County, which is one of the top ten archaeologicaldiscoveries in China; there are also archaeological discoveries such as Zoumaloubamboo slips of Dongwu, Liye ancient city of Warring States and Qin bambooslips. Of course, the unique ethnic customs such as Tujia weeping marriage, Miaosilver ornaments and Jiangyong womens calligraphy will also make youlinger.

With the rapid development of Hunan tourism, Hunan provincial governmenthas taken tourism as a pillar industry to support and build. At present, Hunantourism has been blooming everywhere, and seven tourism routes have beenlaunched, namely Changsha Huaminglou Shaoshan (famous city celebrity tour),Changsha Quzici Yueyang (Xiangchu culture tour), Changsha Zhangjiajie WangcunJishou Fenghuang (landscape and ethnic customs tour), Changsha Nanyue Chenzhou(religious culture and ecological tour), Changsha Liangshan (Geologicalspectacle tour), and Changsha Liangshan (Geological spectacle tour) YanEmperors Mausoleum - Shun emperors Mausoleum (root seeking and ancestorworship tour), Changsha - Taojiang - Taohuayuan (idyllic scenery tour). At thesame time, some special tourism festivals have been launched: YueyangInternational Dragon Boat Festival, nanyueshou Cultural Festival and templefair, Liuyang International Fireworks Festival, Zhangjiajie International ForestProtection Festival, Taohuayuan garden fair, Zhuzhou Yan Emperor Mausoleummemorial ceremony, Huaihua Dong Cultural Tourism Festival, Chenzhou landscapeFestival, etc.

Hunan is rich in natural resources, and its local products are also richand colorful. The famous handicrafts include Xiang embroidery, Liling underglazeporcelain, Liuyang chrysanthemum stone, Yiyang peach stone carving, XiangxiTujia brocade, Tujia paste painting, Miao silver ornaments, etc.; the famousspecialties include Junshan silver needle tea, Guzhang Maojian tea, Xianglian,Dongting silver fish, Liuyang Douchi, furongwang tobacco, Jiugui Liquor, Baishatop grade tobacco, etc.

"Hot girls are hot, hot girls are not afraid of being hot when they areyoung." when you hear song Zuyings "hot girls", you will immediately think ofred peppers. Yes, we Hunan people are famous for not being spicy. Hunan cuisine,as one of the eight major cuisines in China, has a history of more than 3000years. After a long period of development, there are more than 4000 cuisines,including more than 300 famous cuisines. To travel in Hunan, its natural totaste authentic Hunan cuisine. We Hunan people will certainly receive the guestsall over the world with hot enthusiasm!

There are endless beautiful scenery and amorous feelings in Sanxiang.Please open your heart and follow me carefully!

Ludiyan is located in the northwest suburb of Guilin City, 5 kilometersaway from the city center. It is a scenic spot mainly for visiting caves,supplemented by landscape and idyllic scenery. Ludi cave is 240 meters deep and500 meters long. There are a large number of exquisite stalagmites, stalagmites,stone pillars, stone mantles and stone flowers in the cave, which make up ofShiling Zhaoxia, hongluobaozhang, Panlong pagoda, primeval forest, CrystalPalace, Huaguo Mountain and other landscapes, making tourists dazzled, just likea fairyland, known as "the art palace of nature". Since the Tang Dynasty, therehave been traces of tourists in all dynasties, and there are 77 murals in thecave. Since its discovery and development in 1959, it has built restaurants,teahouses, waterside pavilions, Lake pools, curved bridges, pleasure boats, andwidely planted flowers and trees. It has become a hot spot for Chinese andforeign tourists when they visit Guilin.

Guangming mountain, where reed flute rock is located, was once calledMaotou mountain. It turned out that there was only a small hole in the hillside,which only allowed one person to go in and out. The hillside was covered withreed grass, which did not attract peoples attention. In Lingui county annals,Guangming mountain is recorded, but there is no cave on the mountainside. In thecave, there are more than 70 pieces of wall script since the eighth year ofZhengyuan (792) of Tang Dynasty. Most of them are inscribed on the cave wallwith ink. These wall books show that the reed flute rock is not unknown fromancient times. The villagers nearby have known about this ingenious cave for along time, but people have kept it secret for a long time.

"The reed flute, the rock head, the shackles are broken, and the fairiessing in the Peach Blossom Land." After liberation, peoples life was stable andthere was no need to take refuge. So they told the secret of ludiyan. In 1959,villagers nearby provided information about the cave. After investigation andconstruction, it was officially opened in 1962. Because there is reed grassgrowing near the entrance of the cave, it is said that it can be made intoflute, named reed flute rock.

Reed flute rock is a saclike cave, the entrance is adjacent to the exit,the entrance is the original natural hole, and the exit is the artificial hole.The cave is 240 meters deep and the journey is about 500 meters. The cave wasformed by the flow and dissolution of groundwater along the fracture zone ofrock more than 700000 years ago. A large number of stalactites, stalagmites,stone pillars, stone mantles and stone flowers in the cave are formed after theformation of the cave. The groundwater containing carbonates flows out along therock fissures, and the water evaporates, and the carbonates precipitate andcrystallize, and gradually accumulates. There are thousands of states in thecave.

The characteristics of the reed flute rock are that there are many drops ofwater in the cave, and stalactites, stalagmites, and stone pillars develop intofillings in the cave. Visitors into the cave, in the forest of stone pillars inthe middle of the gap to turn around, coupled with color lights shining, as infairyland in general.

The poem praising Ludi cave by Xiong Jinding gives a vivid description

Guilin cave more dexterous, reed flute new open dexterous different.

Colorful from the present and the past, strange trace exploration, forgetthe West and the East.

When I first came to the precipice, I felt like I was in the JadeHouse.

Dont blame me for my pride. There is such a fairy palace in the world.

The poet praises reed flute rock and takes it as the pride of China.

The landscape of reed flute rock is not only exquisite and beautiful, butalso close to the wall. The stalactites, stalagmites and stone pillars in thecave are like ivory carvings or boxwood carvings. They are very beautiful andare known as the "palace of nature art".

We can enjoy many wonderful sceneries when we visit reed flute rock.

Dear visitors, everybody is good, very glad to be your tour guide, my name is dai, you can call me wear guide, today were visiting place ─ ─ of lijiang.

You come with me. Here is the old town of lijiang. Lijiang has the dual nature and culture charm known as forget time, also known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". It is Chinas famous historical and cultural city not only in the ancient city wall. Lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers. Now we came to the tiger leaping gorge.

There is a legend. Nu river, lancang river and jinsha river is the three sisters, sister nujiang love angry, two elder sister love try so hard, the lancang river three younger sister jinshajiang wanxian. Parents would send three sisters marry to the west, jinsha river dark about two sisters fled to south. Came to the town of lijiang, shek kwu, two sisters would continue to head south, jinsha river is determined to go to the east of the sun, just say goodbye to my sister, and turned toward the east, and formed the "Yangtze river first bay". Parents send yulong, khabarov brothers pursuit of the three sisters. Sit face to face two brothers came to lijiang white sands, blocking the way to the east. Run tired, two people take turns to wait agreement, who as French WenZhan let sisters. Turn khabarov waiting, yulong fell asleep.

Jinsha river before, put light footsteps, singing beautiful hypnosis. Her a gift for 18 teams, khabarov listen also fell asleep. Jinsha river from their feet slipped between the past. Yulong wake up and see the jinsha river ran to the east, early and khabarov still in a deep sleep, so we have to according to the French cut down khabarov head, turns back and wept bitterly. Two brothers turned to jade dragon snow mountain and haba snow mountain, khabarov head into a boulder fell into the river, tiger leaping gorge, and jinsha river sing eighteen song into 18 beach, tiger leaping gorge.

There are beautiful scenes of lijiang, could not say. The rest of the time, we are free to take pictures, pay attention to safety.

Now we are going to pay homage to Zhang Heng, an outstanding scientist andfamous writer in the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Heng was born and buried in Nanyang. Zhang Hengs tomb is located inShiqiao Town, 25 kilometers north of Nanyang city. It is 8 meters high and 79meters long. It is surrounded by brick passageways and octagonal walls. It issurrounded by green pines and cypresses. It is planted all over the garden,covered by green grass, and the cemetery is solemn and quiet. The front of theflower wall is the gate of January. There are two tombstones in front of thegate. One is erected in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and the other iserected in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. There is a stone inscriptionwritten by Guo Moruo in front of the tomb: "such a person with all-rounddevelopment is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship him forthousands of years."

Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, Nanyang County West e (todays Shiqiao Town)people. He was born in the third year of emperor Zhangs reign (78) and died inthe fourth year of emperor Yonghe (139). Zhang Heng is intelligent, quick andeager to learn, erudite and versatile. He has set up a towering monument in thehistory of science and culture in the world, and is known as "the worldscultural celebrity and Chinas science leader."

Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Luoyangwas the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Scholarsgathered, schools were like a forest, academic atmosphere was strong, andculture and education were unprecedentedly prosperous. In order to broaden hishorizons, Zhang Heng visited Luoyang in March of Yangchun in the sixth year ofemperor Yongyuan (1994). This time he lived in Luoyang for six years. Duringthis period, he spent his main energy on traveling to Taixue, visiting famousteachers, seeking friends, learning modestly and studying assiduously.

He was proficient in Five Classics (Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu) and Six Arts(Li, Yue, she, Yu, Shu, Shu). With the help of his good friend Cui yuan, hebegan to study astronomy, mathematics and calendar in natural science. He wrotea lot of beautiful Fu, which initially showed his extraordinary talent andattracted the attention of the society. He has a high attainments in literatureand science, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for him tobecome a great scientist.

In the late autumn of A.D. 100, Bao de was transferred to NanyangPrefecture. Recommended by Cui yuan, 23-year-old Zhang Heng left Luoyang, thecapital, and went with Bao De to Nanyang Prefecture as the governor.

In the fifth year of Emperor Han ans Yongchu period (111), Bao de andothers played on the Ming emperor in Beijing, which made emperor an know thatZhang Heng was knowledgeable, so he took the bus to Nanyang to enlist Zhang Hengto become a doctor of Shangshutai in Luoyang. Three years later, he was promotedto be shangshilang, and the next year he was changed to Taishiling.

Taishiling was in charge of astronomy, calendar, meteorology andsacrificial ceremonies. This created a very favorable condition for Zhang Hengsin-depth study and practice of astronomical calendar. In 133, Zhang Heng waspromoted to serve as a senior advisor to the emperor. In the first year ofYonghe (136), Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng was expelled from Luoyang,the capital, and became the Prime Minister of Hejian. Zhang Heng came to Luoyangfor the second time and lived for 26 years. In these 26 years, although hisofficial position changed several times, he served as the supreme historian forthe longest time. He did a lot of scientific research when he was appointed asthe imperial historian. Lingtai is the largest Astronomical Observatory in Chinaduring the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was used for 250 years. Zhang Heng notonly wrote some important scientific works such as Lingxian, earthquakecountermeasures, and notes on the armillary sphere, but also designed andcreated some ingenious instruments such as the armillary sphere and the Houfengseismograph, making outstanding contributions to mankind.

In Lingxian, Zhang Heng explained in detail the natural phenomena of thechange of lunar phenomena and the occurrence of lunar eclipse. After scientificanalysis, many scientific opinions are put forward. He recorded the stars in thesky when he was observing in Lingtai. There are 2500 brighter stars, 124 regularstars and 320 named stars. This is roughly the same as the statistics of modernastronomy that 2500-3000 stars can be seen with the naked eye at the same timeand place. The number of stars observed in Luoyang at that time is basically thesame as that observed in modern times. Therefore, he also drew the Lingxian map,which is the earliest star map in China.

大家好!

这里,就是这里。大家所向往的山,这有;大家所追求的意,这有;大家所希望的水.这有。

没有风的吹拂,没有烟的熏蒸,没有忧愁的情绪。只有天山一样的颜色,的绝对.的奥妙.驾驭着一叶扁舟,让思绪渐渐得带你进入这自然的画卷。

这从富阳到桐庐的奇山异水,这天下独绝的仙境：水很清澈;山很高峻;心很寂静;青白色的是水,游戏的是鱼,安静的是细石.在这一萧然的镜下,一眼的真相,一秒的时间,刹那的长叹!更妙的,莫过于比箭快的急湍,和飞一样的气势.

两边的山峰,树密而绿,山峦争高指直。

听:

泉与岩石的合奏;两只飞鸟的和鸣。每位游客的感叹：好极了,妙极了,棒极了!蝉则千转不穷,猿则百叫无绝。望峰息心,窥谷忘返。在昼犹昏，欢迎莅临!

各位朋友大家好，欢迎来到莲花佛国——九华山旅游，我是安徽旅行社导游王萍，大家可以叫我小王或者王导，坐在旁边的是司机吴师傅，他有着多年的驾驶经验，坐他的车大家可以尽管放心。接下来的几天就有我们为大家服务。我们会尽自己最大的努力给大家带去最好的服务，希望大家有一个开开心心的九华山之旅 ，现在呢我先想大家介绍一下我们九华山的概况：

九华山位于安徽省青阳县境内，是我国重点风景名胜区，国家5A级景区，它与山西的五台山，四川的峨眉山，浙江普陀山并称中国四大佛教名山。其中五台山是文殊菩萨的道场，峨眉山是普贤菩萨的道场，普陀山是观音菩萨的道场，而我们九华山呢是地藏菩萨的道场。九华山原来叫九子山，因为九华山大大小小有99座山峰，有九座山峰特别突出，所以称为九子山，后来呢诗仙李白来九华山游玩，看到层峦叠翠的山峰，写下了“妙有分二气，灵山开九华”的诗句，后来人们就将九子山改名为九华山。在唐朝开元年间，新罗国王说着说着咱们已经到了，现在我们准备下车，请大家带好随身物品，不要将自己的贵重物品落在车上了，等一下我们吴师傅会替我们关好车门窗，还要请大家记住我们大巴的车牌号、颜色及停车地点。

来了这佛教圣地，当然要感受一下佛的仙气，那么，今天我们就先从这寺院最多的九华街景区开始吧，进入九华街景区，映入眼帘的是一座石门坊。他是由大理石雕刻而成的，高九米，大家请抬头看下，横额上刻着“九华圣境”四个大字，这可是康熙皇帝手笔哦!过了门坊，下面大家看到的就是迎仙桥了，这座桥修建于乾隆年间，大家随我一起踏上这古桥，我们一起步入仙境之中吧!

大家看，过了桥正对着我们的就是祗园寺了。他是国家重点寺院，是九华山唯一一座宫殿式庙宇，规模在九华山四大丛林里是最大的。它由山门、天王殿，大雄宝殿，客堂，讲堂和藏经楼等十多座单体建筑组成。各位游客请注意看下这山门，大家有没有发现它偏离了大殿的中轴线?大家知道为什么吗?因为啊!歪置山门可是有讲究的，一来是为了避邪，二来是门朝着开山祖寺化城寺。在进入寺庙之前，大家要注意以下几点：一是在走进寺庙的时候要一脚跨过门槛，寺庙的门槛是佛祖的肩膀，大家一定不要踩下去，二是不要在里面大声喧哗或是将红尘的笑话带入寺庙中，三是请大家不要随意触碰僧人的法器。

下面大家就随我一起走进祗园寺去领略它独有的魅力吧!我们现在的位置是天王殿，大殿的两边，供奉着四大天王塑像。

好的，各位游客朋友请跟紧小王，注意脚下，由天王殿向外走，就来到了大雄宝殿。这里供奉着三尊身高12米的大佛，中间的是释迦牟尼，两边分别是阿弥陀佛和药师佛，而大殿两边上，想必大家一定都猜到了，对!供置着的就是十八罗汉塑像。大家再随我往后走，大殿后侧呢，供奉着的是文殊、普贤菩萨坐像。 这幅“海岛观音”大型立体浮雕，是雕在释迦牟尼佛像背后的，这是一幅浓缩中国佛教诸佛菩萨的全图。

好的，后面的朋友请跟上，紧随我们的队伍，出了祗园寺，我们就来到了化城寺，化城寺是九华山的开山祖寺。我们给大家半个小时的时间参观游览，半小时候我们原地集合!

美好的时光总是那么短暂，我们这次的九华山之旅也要画上圆满的句号，小王心中万分不舍!谢谢你们一路来的支持与配合，小王在最后祝大家在以后的生活和工作中事事顺心，万事如意!

大家好，我是本次迪斯尼乐园的导游。我姓李，大家可以叫我小李。现在大家乘坐的是迪斯尼专线，本专线将在1小时候到达香港迪斯尼乐园，途中我会为大家做一些有关迪斯尼的介绍。

香港迪斯尼乐园是一个老少皆宜的童话王国，主要分为：明日世界、探险世界和幻想世界，这三个世界适宜的人群也不一样，下面就来听听你适合哪个世界吧!明日世界时一个充满刺激，变化莫测的游戏王国，它的代表游乐设施就是飞越太空山。飞越太空山又被称作“室内过山车”，乘客在车厢的整个旅途只有不到20秒的时间，可以看到亮光，其余全在黑暗中度过，太空车直上、直下、忽左、忽右，让许多乘客流连忘返;探险世界是一个与充满神秘的地方，丛林历险是探险世界最有趣味性的游戏，乘客们坐在船上，可以看到许多动物，喷水的象宝宝、伺机吃人的食人鱼、晒日光浴的大猩猩，通过船长风趣的讲述，乘客们会通过重重难关，最终到达终点泰山的木屋;幻想世界是每个喜欢童话的人必须要去的地方，那里的有了设施虽然不是很刺激、很神秘，但那是卡通人物的集结地，可以跟它们一起合影留念。对了，还要提醒大家，在整点的时候还会有迪斯尼人物表演的节目哟!下午3点和晚上7点分别有迪斯尼大巡游和星梦奇缘烟花表演。

现在到站了，大家赶快去尽情畅游童话王国吧!

Huaxilou is located in the north of Bozhou City, Anhui Province. Bozhou fora major historical sites, but also a national level cultural relics protectionunits. Huaxilou, formerly known as daguandi temple, also known as Shanshan guildhall, is commonly known as huaxilou because its main content is brick carving,wood carving and color painting of local opera. Huaxilou was built in 1656,which was financed by Shanxi medicinal materials merchants. It was rebuilt in1740 and rebuilt in 1784. The gate is a three-story archway with wood likestructure. The brick wall is inlaid with brick carvings, including figures,chariots, horses, cities, mountains, flowers and animals. On the left and rightis the second floor of the bell and drum, with stone lions and iron flagpoles infront of the gate. The flagpole is several feet high and weighs 15 tons. Thereare hanging bells, Panlong and feifeng on it. The opera house is decorated withlarge wood carvings and color paintings, with 18 plays of the Three Kingdoms,and patterns of lotus, lion, fish and caisson; the carvings are exquisite andthe color paintings are magnificent. There are four gates. The screen is carvedwith two dragons playing with pearls.

There are six viewing rooms on the left and right in front of the stage.The front of the stage is facing the main hall. The front hall is richlypainted, and the back hall is tall and grand. There is a courtyard on the leftand right of the main hall. The bamboo path is elegant and pleasant. There arebooks and carvings of Zhao mengshun and Qingliang in Yuan Dynasty. This buildingis of great value to the study of architectural art, sculpture, painting andopera art in the early and middle Qing Dynasty. It has been listed as a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit and an important tourist attraction in AnhuiProvince. It is now the site of the Museum of Mizhou city.

旅客朋友们，我们现在身处永州小石潭。

大家有没有听到那清脆的水声，这种声音就好像人身上佩戴的玉佩、玉环相碰发出的声音---清脆、悦耳，你们感受到了吗?让我们继续向里走，我们可以看到，我们身旁有着成林的竹子，你们是否感受到环境的幽深冷寂?

在这里，唐代诗人柳宗元曾经留下足迹，并写了一篇佳作------《小石潭记》。

让我们随着这清脆的水声，追随着柳宗元老先生的脚步砍伐竹子进入。

朋友们，快看，下面有一个小水潭。看!它是多么的清澈、透明。它以整块石头为底，石底有些部分还翻卷过来，露出水面。大家看到这些石头的形状，有没有联想到小石礁、小岛屿、小石垒、小石岩等各种不同的形状。

朋友们啊，这里是胜地啊!连鱼都和别处不一样，看它们，像不像在和我们逗乐，我想其它地方的鱼就不能了吧……这一景观可真独特。这么活泼的鱼却生活在这么幽静的环境中，大家觉不觉得这是一个佳境啊!

让我们向西南方向望去，我们可以看到溪身就像北斗七星那样曲折，溪水就像蛇爬行那样弯曲，这景不愧雄奇壮美!

让我们一同坐在石潭，感受一下这寂静、幽深的气氛。

让我们记住这番美景，让我们深吸一口这清新的空气，让我们带着这些记忆，带着这口新鲜的空气离开这里，进入下一站。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. First of all, on behalf of the driverand __ travel agency, I welcome you to the beautiful coastal city Dalian. Imthe tour guide of __ travel agency. My name is Wang Qian. Qian belongs toQianlong. Qian is not money. For the convenience of memory, you can call me XiaoWang. The driver in front is master x, who has many years of driving experienceand excellent driving skills, so we can rest assured in the process of driving.Driving friends may have heard such a sentence: Jilin is Jikai, Mongolia isMengmeng, Shanghai is hukai, Dalian is both black and white. This is becauseDalian is a city with flowers in spring, moon in autumn, cool breeze in summerand snow in winter. In a city with four distinct seasons, our roads are black insummer and white in winter, so our master is familiar with both black and white,so we can rest assured. In the next few days, master X and I will serve you.

Theres a Chinese saying that its a good thing to build a ship in onehundred years. Today we are: one hundred years of repair with the car shop. Weall go to the same destination from different places and ride in the same car.Its really a wonderful and perfect fate for us to go through this perfect fate.Xiao Wang was there first to wish you a happy trip to Dalian. He hoped that ourgood mountains, good water, good guides and good drivers in Dalian would bringyou a good mood and make you come here with expectation and longing for Dalianand come back with satisfaction and lingering in Dalian. Finally, I wish you alla happy life in Dalian.

Wonderful live performance of tour guide Grand Prix. Needless to say, theyhave a lot of brilliance, and they are different. However, the only way tointroduce yourself in the opening speech is surprisingly similar, like a moldcast out. They introduced themselves to tourists like this: "dear friends, mysurname is X. please call me Xiao X Its very popular for tour guides tointroduce themselves in this way. Is there any language defect

First, is it appropriate for them to just say "my surname is x"? No, itseems to be dry and not serious. To introduce yourself to guests, thetraditional Chinese courtesy is to give both surnames and common names. Theso-called "big man, horizontal do not change his name, vertical do not changehis surname." Its a big social event to use a common name and surname. It isobviously not standard for tour guides to introduce themselves and tell peopletheir surnames but not their names.

Second, it also shows that I am serious and responsible for my work. Thetour guide leads the group. Tourists will come to him for many things. Forexample, at the end of the tour, the tourist has something to ask for the guidesurnamed x, and the travel agency has more than one guide surnamed X. That willbring unnecessary trouble to the tourist and affect the efficiency. When a tourguide introduces his or her name to the guests, he or she should not cutcorners, hide his or her surname, or be careless, which is a manifestation ofhonesty. The formal name of the guest will give the first impression ofgentleness and modesty. Isnt that important

Third, the reason for this phenomenon may be the influence of overseas tourgroups. For foreign tourists, after the tour guide introduces his name, healways adds "lets call me Xiao X" Because it is relatively difficult forforeign tourists to name Chinese people. In a nutshell, it is easy to learn andmemorize, which improves the efficiency of communication.

In addition, it is a Chinese custom to use the surname "old" or "small". Tointroduce a Chinese address habit to foreign tourists is also spreading aculture. Foreign tourists will find it novel and exciting, so the tour guideshould point it out. For domestic tourists, its tourists right to call tourguides. Tour guides dont have to take over the responsibilities. At the moment,many imitators do not look at the object, do not look at the specific languageenvironment, blind imitation, has become the flavor of yellow rice wine, alittle sour. Our guides explanation to tourists should be like sister-in-law aQing in Shajiabang. We should speak without leakage. Only in this way can weshow our skill and level.

One day in the summer vacation, my mother took me to the ancient lotuspond. Gulianhuachi is located on Yuhua Road in Baoding city. We arrived in halfan hour by bus.

As soon as I got to the door, I was fascinated by the antique architecture.Looking up, I can see the big words "ancient lotus pond" on the plaque on thedoor is particularly dazzling in the sun. I eagerly went in, want to quicklyenjoy the beauty inside.

As soon as I enter the door, I see a rockery first. Its amazing that thereis a small pine tree among the rocks of the rockery. The pine tree is verythick. It seems that it has been growing here for many years.

Around the rockery, walk south more than ten meters, look to the west, wow,a pool full of lotus, so beautiful! I ran to the past, carefully appreciate thebeautiful lotus. Lotus leaves are emerald green, like jade plates of greenjadeite. The lotus leaf is much bigger than I expected, with a diameter of about30 decimeters. It can be used as an umbrella for me! The lotus is morebeautiful, pink and white. From a distance, it looks like beautiful girls ingreen skirts dancing with the wind. Because it has entered August, most of thelotus has withered, growing a lot of large and small lotus, I look like a lot ofhoneycomb. Mother said these "honeycomb" inside the long but delicious lotusseeds! In the lotus pond water, I saw a lot of small tadpoles, also see a fewgolden carp!

There is a white marble bridge in the middle of the lotus pond, which iscarved with exquisite patterns. Through the stone bridge, we came to the southbank full of weeping willows. Along the south bank, we came to the famous stelecorridor. Although I cant understand those steles, my mother was fascinated bythem.

At noon, the hot weather is really unbearable, my mother and I had toreluctantly leave the ancient lotus pond.

Changsha, though not nearly as prosperous Hong Kong than atmosphere inBeijing, but still has her own beauty.

Changsha is a beautiful place, there are beautiful as pavilion, love latepavilion. At night, lights, like the stars in the sky, twinkle.

Changsha charactizing a fine spring, spring breeze blow gently. Sunshine inMarch, the flower is gorgeous. The flower azalea is indescribable.

Summer, known as the "four big stove" one of changsha is hot. Cicada hotstraight called "cicadas, cicada," dog hot tongue, floppy chicken wings. Nomatter how the weather during the day, children come out to play, so they had ahot, cant help but to the sun.

Autumn, the leaves fall, the fruit is ripe, the farmer uncle smile red inthe face. The wild goose south, ants and squirrels have in preparation forwinter food.

Winter, heavy snow, the children can be happy, because you can snowballfights, make a snowman! Leaves a also have no, many small animals also for thewinter. The children are in the warm home looking at the beautiful snow...

Changsha year the four seasons scenery attractive, no matter day or night,she is always a kind face.

Changsha snack is to let a person dazzling, stinky tofu, bean jelly, roastsweet potato, onion cakes, taste shrimp, sucking screw... Is numerous, even thesaliva all cant help flow down.

Changsha tourist resort also has a lot of, such as: taiping street, smallSimon, as pavilion, baisha ancient, yuelu academy, and so on some places ofinterest. But they speak well "nobodys perfect, gold without gather" changshaointment is loop mirror is not good, can see garbage everywhere, air is pollutedby a lot.

Changsha is our common home, when I grow up must see her constructionbetter, become a more attractive city.

As an old Chinese saying goes, "the north of the mountain is Yin, and thesouth of the mountain is Yang", the city is named "Guiyang" because it islocated in the south of Guizhou mountain. At the same time, ancient Guiyang isrich in beautiful bamboo, so Guiyang is called "Zhu" for short. It is located inthe mountains and hills, so it is also known as "the capital of mountaincountry". Moreover, the natural landscape, cultural relics and ethnic customs ofthe city are scattered all over the world, so it is also known as "bonsai city"of "Park province".

Guiyang is another spring city in China, with mild and humid climate,abundant heat, abundant rainfall and pleasant four seasons. Spring, summer andautumn are the golden seasons for tourism. Here, there is no severe cold inwinter and no intense heat in summer. The hottest is in late July, and theannual average temperature is 24 ℃. The coldest is in the first ten days ofJanuary, and the annual average temperature is 4.6 ℃. The annual averagetemperature is 15.3 ℃. The air is not dry, and there is no sand in all seasons.It is widely praised that "there is heaven above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below, andGuiyang is the best climate.".

Here, the karst landform is very peculiar, and the terrain is diverse. Onthe ground, there are Qifeng and cuigu, surrounded by mountains and water;underground, there are karst cave communities, with unique caves. Mingshan,Xiushui, Youlin, Qidong and Gusi are integrated to form a magnificent and uniqueplateau natural landscape. Among them, there are 1 national scenic spot(Qingzhen Hongfeng Lake), 4 provincial scenic spots (Huaxi, Baihua Lake, XiuwenYangming scenic spot, Xifeng scenic spot).

Among the numerous cultural relics and historic sites in Guiyang, there isa national key cultural relics protection unit Xifeng concentration camp; thereis the only wooden structure with three stories and three eaves and unequalsides of jiujiaozanjianding attic in China; Wenchang Pavilion built in 1610, the38th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty; Jiaxiu Pavilion, as the current symbolof Guiyang City, built in 1598, the 26th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty;There are the largest Buddhist jungle in Guizhou, Hongfu temple built in 1672,and Yangming temple built in 1794 in memory of Shou Ren, a famous philosopherand educator of the Ming Dynasty.

Guiyang is a multi-ethnic city with the Han nationality as the mainpopulation. Its long history has bred the splendid national cultures of 38ethnic groups in this land, and formed a strong national customs. There areyoung men and women of ethnic minorities through affectionate songs and dances,and "April 8", "March 3", "June 6" and "dance field" festivals to find theirfavorite people; Nuo opera and local opera, known as the rudiment and "livingfossil" of Chinese drama, trace the long history of Chinese culture and recordthe blend of Central Plains culture and Guizhou national culture.

Embroidery and cross stitch are two wonderful flowers blooming in thehundred flower garden of Guiyang National traditional crafts. Batik productscontain the artistic charm of national culture. They are favored by friends athome and abroad, just like the rough, simple Nuo masks and other nationalcultural products.

Guiyangs snacks are really mouth watering. There are more than 100 kindsof local traditional snacks. No matter day or night, there are lots of snackstalls in the streets of Guiyang. Some hotels include some special snacks intheir banquets, and there are special snack banquets to offer. Guiyangs mostfamous snacks are Changwang noodles, love tofu fruit, Leijia tofu balls, cakeporridge, "Siwa", Heye Ciba, Wujia Tangyuan, Bijie Tangyuan, etc.

In the evening, after the drizzle, the air was so fresh, the sky was dyedorange, flowers and crystal clear beads, just like little girls holding shiningpearls. Looking at the beautiful scenery, my family decided to take a walk inBeigu mountain.

When I got to Beigu mountain, it was more beautiful than I thought. Thedancers came and went, and it was crowded here. Colorful lights, like a bunch ofmeteors from the sky. Even the branches are covered with green lights, somysterious.

Walking further inside, it seems to be a fairyland. The sparkling riversets off the blue light. In the light of the moonlight, silver white moonlighton the lake, is so quiet. All of a sudden, the silver dance clothes of thebright moon and the Yingying lights are blending The call of willow swinging andwillow twigs and the soothing feeling of breeze came to my ears. Unconsciously,we came to the river, a winding bridge across the river. I went to the bridgeand looked at the beautiful scenery of the river, but who knew I met"Charlotte". Seeing that it is not afraid of wind and rain, and persisting inweaving the net on the bridge, I seem to understand something from theadventure.

Walk down the bridge and come to the famous Baoding in Zhenjiang. Althoughthere are no stars tonight, the ground is full of stars. They twinkled, shiningso brightly in the center of the dark square. At this time, I suddenly turned myeyes to Baoding, and saw that it was tall and towering, just like a giant withindomitable spirit.

Late at night, the whole square is no longer so busy, the dancers left, thefishermen left. But there is still the call of the north wind and the deepsinging of the cicada in my ears. The river under the moonlight is still soquiet and beautiful.

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Shanghai. Im a tour guide of Shanghai travelagency. You can call me Xiao X or director X. Now, we are in the Bund area.Next, Id like to give you an overview of the Bund tourist area.

The Bund tourist area is located at the junction of Huangpu River andSuzhou River in the mother river of Shanghai. It looks across the river from thePearl River scenic spot in Pudong. It is located on the 1300 sides of theZhongshan East Road.

The main tourist attractions in the Bund are known as the highest customsbuilding in the "World Architecture Expo". The largest building in the Bund isthe HSBC building with the largest width, the largest and the largest volume.The Bank of China Building and the outer white bridge are full of Chineseelements, the mother river, the Yellow River Pujiang, the Whampoa Park inShanghai, and the four square completed on the eve of World Expo. (thesurrounding attractions include Broadway building and Bund source which isundergoing comprehensive renovation. )

The Bund, formerly known as "Huangpu Beach", was a beach along the river inthe northeast of Chengxiang, Shanghai. After the opening of Shanghai port in1843, the first British Consul in Shanghai, Balfour, took a fancy to this place.In 1845, according to the so-called "Shanghai land charter" published byShanghai Daotai, 800 mu of land including the Bund was designated as the Britishconcession, and the roads along the river were called "Huangpu Road and HuangpuBeach Road". Around the beginning of last century, there were domestic andforeign banks moving in, and gradually developed into "Oriental Wall Street". Itwas not until 1945 that it was renamed zhongshangdong 1st road.

After liberation, especially in the 1990s and 1920s___ On the eve of theWorld Expo 20__, the Bund experienced two large-scale renovation. It is worthmentioning that: after the transformation on the eve of the World Expo, the Bundtourist area has comprehensively improved the environmental quality of the Bundwaterfront area, highlighted the historical and cultural features of "universalarchitecture", and fully interpreted the theme of "Better City, better life",making the Bund the most iconic and classic urban landscape area inShanghai.

20___ In, the Bund tourist area was named "Bund morning bell" as one of the"Eight Sights on new Shanghai".

In a word, we can say that the Bund tourist area is a classic scenic spotin Shanghai urban tourism, which integrates human landscape and naturallandscape, complements western classical customs and Chinese modern customs. Itis a must for domestic and foreign tourists to visit Shanghai.

Good, ladies and gentlemen. Due to the time limit, the general situation ofthe Bund tourist area is here for the time being. Next, lets visit the scenicspots.

Dear friends, you have to go to Sakya temple in Shigatse. The art treasuresin the temple are vast and the cultural relics are of high value. Therefore, itis also known as "the second Dunhuang".

Look at the saga basin between the Gangdise mountains and the Himalayas.The purple "Castle" standing in the middle of the valley is the famous sagatemple. It was the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Tibet700 years ago. There is a folk song that says:

A birds-eye view of Benbo mountain,

Sakya is like crystal;

Dame in a crystal bottle

Beauty is better than fairies

Dont despise Sakya,

Buddha Pavilion adds glory to it

In fact, Sakyas Tibetan language means "gray land", that is, the color ofthe local soil. Sakya temple is divided into South Temple and North Temple. TheSouth Temple is built on the flat valley, and the North Temple is built on thenorth slope. Sakya North Temple was founded by gongjuejiebu in 1073, from whichthe famous Sakya sect was formed. Let me briefly introduce the Sakya sect. Thename of the Sakya sect is Sakya Monastery, its main temple. The walls of Sakyastemples are painted with red, white and black ribbons. Red symbolizes Manjusri,white symbolizes Guanyin, black is Vajra holding Bodhisattva, and three colorsturn into flowers. Therefore, Sakya sect is called "flower religion". Among theteachings of the Sakya school, the most unique and important one is "Dao GuoFa". Its teaching method has three procedures: first, to give up the blessing."Not good" is bad. A person always encourages himself to do good and do good,not to do bad, and is expected to incarnate in the "three good interests" ofheaven, Asura and man in the afterlife. 2、 Cut me off. That is to understand theimpermanence of life, everything in the world is made up of karma, which is nota real truth, so as to see through everything in the world, cut off any desire,and relieve pain. 3、 There is no success in all methods. That is to preventarbitrary views in practice, and achieve the realm of understanding the universewith extraordinary insights. There are many differences between the Sakya sectand other sects, one of which is to allow believers to marry and have children,and the political power of the sect is passed on from father to son, while thereligious power is passed on from uncle to nephew.

There are five important ancestors of the Sakya school. His fourthancestor, Saban gonggajianzan, played an important role in bringing Tibet intothe territory of China in the 13th century.

In addition, I would like to introduce the history of Sakya temple and thefamous basiba. After the collapse of the Tubo Dynasty, Tibet fell into 400 yearsof separatist rule and war turbulence. In the early 13th century, Genghis Khanled Mongolian tribes to rise in the north and gradually unified China. Kuo Duan,the grandson of Genghis Khan, once sent General dodanab to lead Mongolianknights to Tibet. Kuo Duan realized that if he wanted to unify Tibet, he mustmake use of the local religious forces. He learned that the Sakya faction, whichrose in the Sakya area of post Tibet at that time, was increasingly powerful,and that the leader of Sakya temple, Gongga jianzan (also known as SakyaBanzhida), had the greatest influence among all the sects in Tibet, so heinvited Gongga jianzan to Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu Province) to meet withhim.

In 1247 ad, Saban and his nephew, basiba, arrived in Liangzhou. On behalfof the local forces in Tibet, they reached the conditions for Tibet to submit tothe Yuan Dynasty with the Mongolian royal family. At this point, Tibetofficially joined the family of the motherland and became a first-classAdministrative Region under the direct jurisdiction of the central government ofthe Yuan Dynasty. As a result, the Sakya faction gained the trust of the YuanDynasty and the leading position in Tibet.

After the death of gonggajianzan, Kublai Khan summoned basiba in 1253 ADand worshipped him as the emperors teacher. In 1260, Kublai Khan declaredhimself Emperor, granted basiba the title of "guanding National Teacher",granted jade seal, and also appointed him to take charge of the affairs of theGeneral Academy established by the central government, which was in charge ofNational Buddhist affairs and Tibetan local administrative affairs, making him asenior official of the central government of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1265, basibawas ordered to return to Tibet, expanded the northern Sakya temple, establishedthe "Benqin" to manage the local regime, and established the Sakya Dynasty, thelocal regime in Tibet. Tibet was officially under the jurisdiction of thecentral government of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1269 A.D., basiba created Mongoliancharacters, for which he was granted the title of "great magic king" by KublaiKhan.

Today, the North Temple has disappeared. At a glance, the vast ruins in thenorth are still as magnificent as they used to be.

Now we are visiting the South Temple, where the Sakya temple is nowlocated. It was built in 1268 by the fifth generation patriarch of the Sakyasect, basiba. You can see that the appearance of sakyanan temple is veryspecial. There are two rings of walls. There are crenels on the walls,watchtowers at the four corners, and a moat outside. The gate is in the shape of"Gong". The whole plan is in the shape of big "Hui" with small "Hui", which hasa little taste of war defense. In addition to purplish red, the walls are alsoblack and white, which is an important symbol of the Sakya sect.

Now the main hall we enter is called "lacanthim", which means the greattemple, with a height of 100 meters and an area of 5500 square meters. There are40 pillars in the hall, four of which are the thickest. It takes three people toembrace them. The thickest one is 1.5 meters in diameter. Each pillar has alegendary story: the first pillar is the pillar of Kublai Khan emperor, named"Ghana seqingawa", which means the pillar sent by Yuan Dynasty. It is said thatat the beginning, basiba served in most of the Yuan Dynasty. When the emperor ofthe Yuan Dynasty knew that he wanted to go back to Sakya to build a temple, hechose a pillar with a diameter of 4 feet and gave it to him. The pillar wasgood, but it was too big to be transported to Tibet. BASBA returned to Sakyawith regret. But when he returned to Sakya, the big pillar was floating on theZhongqu River in the north of the temple. The second pillar is the wild oxpillar, which is called "Chong Bu GA WA" (meaning "pillar transported by wildyak"), the third pillar is the tiger pillar, which is called "Da Bu GA WA"(meaning "pillar transported by male tiger"); The fourth pillar is the blooddrop pillar, which is called "nabuchazagawa" (meaning the pillar sent by the seagod). According to legend, when the Dragon King sent it, he was injured and bledon the pillar, and now we can see the red blood stains on the pillar. Accordingto the research, they come from the Chentang Valley in the south of Sakya countyand belong to the Himalayan nature reserve.

Please see, there are three Buddha statues of Sakyamuni and a white conchin the hall. In the middle of the hall, this Sakyamuni Buddha named "zhamulinYexia" was cast in memory of sakhaban Zhida gonggajianzan and contains the relicof basiba. The one on the left was built in memory of King baspahat. The one onthe south side of the hall was cast in memory of Sakyamuni Sambu. This whiteconch was given to the emperor of China by the king of India. Kublai Khan, theemperor of the Yuan Dynasty, gave it to basiba.

Out of the gate of the main hall, on the south side of the courtyard ispuzhulacan, which is the Sutra Hall of Sakya sect. The Manjusri Bodhisattva inthe temple is excavated from the underground of the North Temple. It is the mainBuddha in the North Temple. It is said that as long as you recite Manjusriseulogy and mantra for seven days in front of the statue, even the stupid peoplecan enhance their wisdom and make Maos life open. This is one of the fourtreasures of Sakya temple, which is revered by the faithful men and women. Onthe north side of the courtyard is oudonglacan, which contains 11 pagodas forangqiang gonggarenqin, king of sagafa in the 16th century, and his descendants.Angqiang defeated "Lhasa zongba", saved the Sakya sect and restored the Nanbeitemple. He is a famous King of the Sakya sect. The temple has a special halldedicated to this historical figure. Through this hall is the "lakangjiang", inwhich there are six mud pagodas of Sakya monk Dade. In the pagoda Hall of PengCuO Po Zhang in Nansi Sutra hall, there are pagodas or commemorative Buddhastatues of nine people in four generations from Gongga Renqin, the founder ofPeng CuO Po Zhang, to Wangqiu in angwang tudao; in the pagoda Hall of Zhuoma PoZhang, there are six pagodas of Wangqiu and his descendants in Baima dundui.

At the back of the hall is the library of Tibetan scriptures, whichcontains more than ten thousand classics. It is a treasure of gold, silver,cinnabar and ink by calligraphers in Wei, Zang, Kang and other areas during thebasiba period. There is also a "Fangjing", also known as "jialongma" or"budjialong" Scripture. The book is 1.34 meters long, 1.09 meters wide and 67 cmthick. The wooden cover of Carving Dragons and phoenixes was originally 41 cmlong, which was carried by four lamas. It is said that this book was completedby basiba. It was written in gold powder juice and is a treasure handed downfrom generation to generation.

On the right side of the hall, there is a 1.5-foot-high jade bell and asquare jade plate, which are called the two treasures of the temple. The jadebell is used to cover the ever burning lamp in front of the Buddha. The jadeplate is engraved with a Chinese poem, which is inscribed as "awakening stone".Around them are the artifacts such as the magic weapons bestowed by Chinesedynasties and the vests, armor and boots bestowed by the emperors of YuanDynasty. Murals are concentrated in the main hall. On the east wall, there areimages of Sakyas ancestors and eminent monks and some Buddhist allusions. Onthe west wall, there are more than 600 years old murals of mandala and more than60 paintings of xijingang (huanxifo). There are hundreds of scroll paintings inthe main hall, which are art treasures of Tibet.

There are many classics in Sakya temple, of which more than 2800 arehandwritten in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The Baya Sutra originated in ancientIndia and has a history of more than 1000 years is rare in the world. However,there are 3636 Baya sutras preserved in Sakya temple, which are written inTibetan, Han and Mongolian characters. Only Sakya Temple preserved the most ofthe Tripitaka copied with gold powder and cinnabar. In addition, there wereletters and seals from the emperor of Yuan Dynasty to the local officials ofSakya.

Basiba was granted the title of Queen of Sakya, and the Sakya sect reachedits peak. There are more than 40 temples in Sakya temple, which are all over thebanks of Zhongqu river. However, in the 16th century, it was a pity that a firealmost completely flattened the South Temple. It was not until 1948 that theoriginal appearance of the temple was restored after years of continuousrenovation. Now the Beisi site has been rebuilt, but most of the ground is stillcovered with broken bricks and gravel. Near the foot of the mountain, there is anewly restored white pagoda. It is said that there is a relic of a generation ofSakyas ancestors in the pagoda.

Now I would like to briefly introduce the autumn and winter Dharma meetingsof Sakya Monastery. July of the Tibetan calendar is the autumn Dafa meeting.Lama dancers perform the ancient Vajrayana dance, which is very powerful. At theopening ceremony, 150 actors wearing various animal masks rotate and jump. FromNovember 23 to 29 of the Tibetan calendar, it is called the winter Dafa meeting,and its main content is still the divine dance performance. The Three Dharmaprotectors in Sakya temple are all played by monks. They carry the skeleton ofDharma protector on their shoulders and wear giant ferocious masks as long asone meter. They are as high as one story. This is the most attractive part ofSakya dance. Hundreds of armed warriors in armor and spears performed skillssuch as sword dancing, archery and firearm shooting to commemorate the glory ofthe sects rule over Tibet 700 years ago.

This is the end of the visit to Sakya temple. I believe you will have abrief and general understanding of Sakya temple.

大家好!我是导游王莹如，欢迎大家来到这美丽的丽江古城，请大家多多关照。好了，我们开始进入丽江古城散散步，请大家跟我来!

走进丽江古城，来到了这里的大街，一阵风拂过，一股清新的空气穿入鼻子，使人神清气爽。大家看!纳西风格的民居密密麻麻，清清的溪流穿街过巷，一座座小桥如彩虹横跨小溪，一排排数不清的垂柳在清风中左右摇晃，似乎丽江古城的花草树木们欢迎大家的到来。还有更美好的，让人拭目以待的古城商品哦!大家一定要跟紧我!你们看看两旁，古城中店铺林立，各式各样的商品琳琅满目，应有尽有，尤其是那光亮的各式各样的铜器样翻新的各色皮革时装，一直都是广大游客所称道的。这么精致的商品，大家是不是想观赏观赏呢?好吧，那我们就分散一会儿，各自买自己想买的东西，十五分钟后在原来地点集合，记住!大家一定要注意安全。散吧!

相信大家刚刚的购物是很愉快的，现在就让我们继续行程吧!丽江古城就是重要的政治和经济中心，四方街，丽江木府是历史的见证。说到木府，据说丽江世袭土司为木姓，木守若加上框，就成了“困”，木木府便因忌伟而不设城墙。

各位游客朋友，今天的丽江古城一日游就到此结束了，大家玩得开心吗?我相信回答是：我们肯定开心啦!明天，还有更美的风景等着我们。希望大家好好休息，我们明天再见!

Dear friends

Hello everyone! After visiting the ancient city of Dali, we have apreliminary experience of the profound cultural landscape here. Now we go toenjoy Cangshan and Erhai Lake and enjoy the beauty of Dalis landscape.

First of all, we go to Erhai Park by yacht. Erhai Park, also known asTuanshan Park, is located in Tuanshan, 2km northeast of Xiaguan city. It facesErhai Lake in the north and Xieyang peak in the south of Cangshan Mountain inthe West. During the Nanzhao Kingdom, this was the kings deer garden. In 1976,it was newly established as a park, covering an area of more than 1600 mu. Thereare zoos and nursery flower beds on the mountain, and all kinds of famousflowers in Dali area are widely planted. It is a good place to rest andvisit.

Now the boat has arrived at the long seawall of Erhai Park. We leave theboat and go ashore. This is the coastal tourist area at the foot of Tuanshan. Weclimb up 270 stone steps and reach the top of the mountain. You can see that thepavilion with the cornice is Wanghai tower. Under the eaves, there is a plaque,which reads "yuer yincang", with gold characters on the black background,vigorous and elegant. It is the work of Wu Zuoren, a famous Chinese painter.Wanghai tower is a wonderful place to appreciate the "silver Cang of yuer". Youcan see the vast Erhai Lake in the East and the vast expanse of green water inthe West.

Dear friends, lets board the boat again and travel in Erhai Lake. Butfirst I want to introduce Cangshan. Previously, we were in Dali City, on theroad at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, and we didnt have a good view ofCangshan Mountain. Just as the ancients said, "I dont know the true face ofLushan Mountain, only because I am in the mountain"; in the Wanghai tower ofErhai Park, I can only see the end of Cangshan Mountain from a slantingperspective. Now, with the cruise going on, is Cangshan more real in our eyes?Some people say that Hengduan Mountain is like a giant arm, stretching southwardfrom Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", to Western Yunnan. Cangshan is abranch of Yunling, one of the worlds famous mountains.

Cangshan Mountain, also known as Diancangshan mountain, is named because ofits green color and white top. There are 19 peaks in Cangshan. The order of the19 peaks from north to south is yunnong, Canglang, Wutai, Lianhua, Baiyun,Heyun, Sanyang, Lanfeng, snowman, yingle, Guanyin, Zhonghe, Longquan, Yuju,Malong, Shengying, Fuding, Maer and Xieyang. Among the 19 peaks, Malong peak isthe highest, with an altitude of 4122 meters. There are 19 peaks in CangshanMountain, two peaks with a stream, a total of 18 streams; the stream flowseastward and flows into Erhai Lake, and the 18 streams are arranged from northto South: Xiayi, Wanhua, Yangxi, mangyong, Jinxi, Lingquan, Baishi, Shuangyuan,Yinxian, Meixi, Taoxi, Zhongxi, Lvyu, Longxi, Qingbi, mocan, tingpeng andYangnan.

Cangshan Mountain is famous for its snow, cloud, spring and stone. Let mefirst introduce the snow in Cangshan. Cangshan snow is the most famous sceneryin Dali. The snow covered Cangshan Mountain is full of praise from the literatiand the Mohists in the past dynasties, as well as folklore. Li Yuanyang, alitterateur of Ming Dynasty, once praised: "RI Li, Cangshan snow, Yaotai 19peaks".

Cangshans clouds are even more famous. Clouds gather and disperse,sometimes as light as smoke, sometimes as thick as ink. Among the changeableclouds, the most magical are "Wangfu cloud" and "Yudai cloud". The so-called"Wangfu cloud" means that every winter and spring, a lonely cloud often appearson the top of Cangshan Yuju peak, which is full of ambition, fluttering up anddown, looking forward and looking forward. The strange thing is that as soon asit appears, there will be a storm in Diancangshan, blowing towards Erhai Lake.The so-called "jade belt cloud" refers to that every time in the late summer andearly autumn, when it is sunny after rain, white clouds often appear in themid-19th peak of Cangshan Mountain. The clouds gather and slowly pull apart,just like a white jade belt across the green hillside. It stretches for tens ofmiles, but it never dissipates. Whats wonderful is that "jade belt cloud" canforetell a good harvest in agriculture: it appears many times, and it was ingood weather that year. The local Bai people have a farming proverb: "Cangshanis a jade belt, hungry dogs eat white rice.".

Cangshan spring is also very famous. There are many glacial moraines andlakes at the top of the 19th peak, which is more than 3800 meters above sealevel. These are left by Quaternary glaciers. There are also the streams of theeighteen streams, waterfalls and springs, which flow all the year round.Nourished by the pure and sweet spring water, Cangshan is full of vitality. Onthe Bank of the moraine lake, there are many primeval forests, many rare treesand exotic flowers. In particular, we should tell you that Cangshans flowershave long been famous, and it also makes Cangshan famous all over the world.American professor Luo Lancaster once said: "more than one million people in theUnited States know about Cangshan Mountain in Dali, Yunnan, China, because theyall grow many beautiful azaleas from Cangshan Mountain in Dali."

Cangshans stone is famous at home and abroad. Guo Moruo wrote a poem onmarble: "the three pagodas are high and ancient, thinking about Zhenguan year.Cangshan rhymes with wind and moon, and strange stones spit clouds and smoke.Phase in the heart, cool elbow armpit. Tiangong is the representative of humanresources, and overseas competition is precious. "

Cangshan breeds marble, which is the soul of Cangshan. This kind ofmagnificent stone is found in many parts of the world. Dudali is the mostbeautiful one, and it was founded early. Therefore, all these stones are called"marble" all over the world, and "Dali" is also famous for its stones.