简单的北京龙庆峡导游词
龙庆峡风景区位于延庆县城东北10公里的古城村西北的古城河口,距北京城区85公里。龙庆峡古称“古城九曲”,其水源于海坨山东麓,经玉都山汇入古城水库。
该景区集南方山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体,峡谷曲折蜿蜒,河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻,森林茂密,裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型,特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层,与漓江山石极相似,只是当您抬头观望山峰时,才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。
景区发展
景区[1]内的古城水库始建于1973年,历时8年竣工。库区面积119平方公里,可蓄水850万立方米。这一人工湖的建成,既解决了灌溉用水,也使景区更加绚丽多姿。最为壮观的是矗立于古城河口72米高的双曲拱坝,可谓京郊第一。大坝与仿古建筑“玉都山庄”构成美丽的景观。夏秋两季,游人乘船到峡谷游览,最为惬意。在峡区的几座山顶上,新建了30多座形如向日葵的彩色凉亭龙庆峡景区内有许多名胜佳迹:神仙院、玉皇顶、棋盘石、魔王树、天池、金刚寺以及附近的萧太后宫等。1991年,景区为向现代化旅游区发展,增设了一些游乐项目,如“魔幻世界”、“碰碰车”、“无幕影院”等。从一九八七年开始每到严冬时节,龙庆峡总要举办一年一度的冰灯艺术节。龙庆峡的冰灯,办出了自己的特色。
景区特色
历年的冰灯有不同的主题,一组组冰灯、彩灯,既蕴含着人们丰富的智慧和创造力,又给游人带来美的享受。加上声、光、电的巧妙设计, 更使龙庆峡的冰灯艺术充满魅力。历届冰灯节的主题尽管不同,但顺水库大坝飞流直下的冰瀑奇观,却年年保留,70米高的巨坝上垂下巨大冰瀑,下饰冰花、冰柱,形成一座飞流千尺晶莹剔透的冰雪乐园。美丽的龙庆峡冰灯艺术节,带给游人一片欢乐。
龙庆峡景点
鸡冠山:又称独秀峰、凤冠岛。三面环水,一峰独处。山顶至水面约70米,从正面看酷似一只卧着的公鸡,是龙庆峡的标志性景观。 神仙院:位于景区最高峰,距水面200多米,院内有古松,高24.7米,胸径约0.6米,树龄约320xx年。神仙院分为上下两院,玉皇阁和神茶馆。 百花洞:长320米,展区面积3000平方米,人造花草树木1650种,以鸟兽动物点缀其中。百花洞分为繁花似锦、热带雨林、北国风光、江南小景、百花朝凰等景观。
更多相似范文
篇1:上海景点热门导游词
各位游客朋友:
上午好,今天很高兴带大家到龙华寺来进香。龙华寺位于龙华景区,在没有到达之前,我把龙华景区的概况给大家做个介绍。
龙华景区位于上海市中心的西南方向。主要景点有龙华寺、龙华塔、龙华旅游城和龙华烈士陵园。它周边的景点也非常丰富,南边有上海植物园,黄道婆墓、邹容墓。西边和北边有徐家汇商城、八万人体育场、徐家汇天主堂和锦江乐园。
龙华景区因为有一座千年古刹龙华寺而得名。这座寺院主要是供奉弥勒佛的。弥勒佛是佛教的未来佛,他现在还在天上兜率天修行,要修行四千年,天上一天,人间四百年,天上4020__年,人间56亿7000万年。然后在华林园龙华树下接班成佛。所以这个寺院叫做龙华寺。这个景区叫做龙华景区。
龙华景区的特色用一句话来概括:文化的综合性和旅游的多样性。表现在三个方面:
第一个方面就是佛教文化和佛教旅游。龙华寺不仅历史悠久,而且规模宏整。沿着中轴线有山门,弥勒殿,天王殿、大雄宝殿、三圣宝殿,华林丈室和藏经楼。左右有钟鼓楼,西边有观音殿和罗汉堂。龙华寺寺院布局,充分体现了中国古建筑的壮丽恢弘美。龙华寺的每一处殿堂佛像众多,妙相庄严,充分表现了佛教文化的魅力。每一处殿堂都有匾额楹联,不仅点明了每一处殿堂的主题,还充分显示了佛门的大智慧。龙华寺的每一件文物,每一样法器,无不折射中华佛教文化的光辉,它是我们进行佛教旅游的一个生动的载体。
龙华烈士陵园也在这个景区,有“雨花台第二”之称,这就为龙华景区突出了革命传统文化和革命传统教育活动。烈士陵园的园门是__同志提的。里面的纪念碑“丹心碧血为人民”是__同志提的。像金字塔型的烈士纪念馆是陈云同志提的。东面的烈士碑林抒写了革命先烈的一些事迹,还有一处龙华烈士就义地,是1920__年和1937年国民党反动派枪杀革命烈士的刑场,许多党的高级领导人就在那儿牺牲了。每到节庆假日,特别是清明时节,成千上万的人民群众到这里来凭吊,是进行革命传统教育的最生动的课堂,
龙华景区的民俗风情在上海大概只有豫园能和它相媲美了。每到年底的时候,12月31日龙华景区要举办一个盛大的热闹的旅游活动,这就是“迎新年,撞龙华晚钟”。这一天,成千上万的人来到这里,子夜时分,108响钟声响起,成为旅游节庆的一个亮点。同时钟声又延长到新的一年,又是新年一条亮丽的风景线。还有每一年的3、4月举办龙华庙会,有400多年历史,现在一年要举办两次。看民间文艺,尝地方风味,购地方特产。所以龙华景区文化的综合性和旅游的多样性在上海的旅游景点当中是相当突出的。
好了,我们的旅游巴士已经到达龙华景区,下面请各位跟我一起参观游览。
篇2:简单的北京天坛导游词
各位游客,你们好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
到了每年的冬至,皇帝就要在这里祭天。在这个典礼上,需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方,就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮,各位游客不妨体验一下,也像当年的皇帝一样,向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走,面前的建筑叫做天库,它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思,更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。这组建筑不仅十分精美,而且还有回音壁和三音石,这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙,围墙十分平滑,可以传声,在传递途中对声音损失极小,只要对着墙说话,就算相隔四五十米,见不到面,都可以清晰地听到对方说话。
三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头,您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音,站在第二块石头上拍手可以听到两次,而站在第三块石头上拍手就可以听到三次回音,所以称为三音石。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后,我们即将走进祈谷坛了,祈谷坛的主体建筑就是祈年殿,祈年殿是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。
圆形尖屋顶是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖,以此来象征天。和每年的祭天一样,这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天,有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐,身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿,向牌位行大礼,祈祷上苍,然后把供品送到祈年门外焚烧,送上天宫。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来,可以看到一条长廊,是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。
今天的观光游览就要结束了,在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。参考资料:地图团祝您一帆风顺。
篇3:上海外滩导游词英语
Welcome to the Bund of Shanghai. Im your tour guide today_________ You cancall me little. Todays itinerary will be provided by me for you. I hope myservice can get your satisfaction. I also wish you have a good time today.
The Bund was originally a place along the river beach outside Chengxiang,Shanghai (Town Gods Temple). Formerly known as "Huangpu Beach", after theopening of Shanghai in 1843, the first consul of British Consul in Shanghai tookthe place of the Bund, and designated the Bund.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Linjiang built towering classical style buildingsaround the world, and opened more than 110 financial institutions. It became the"Wall Street of the Far East". In the 1990s, the tide of Chinas reform andopening up came to Shanghai, and the municipal government began to carry outlarge-scale transformation of the Bund, forming the city we see today The Bundscenic spot is like a wonderful staff. It is composed of "solidified music"World Architecture Expo and "flowing music" Huangpu River. Our friends to watchthese western classical style buildings, not only to pay attention to itsexternal beauty. And we should appreciate them as sculpture art.
In this "solidified music" music, 26 buildings, the buildings arescattered, just like the beating keys on the piano. The music is composed ofprelude, three climaxes, epilogue and other movements.
Its prologue is undertaken by the weather signal station in front of theflood control wall on the Bund. This weather signal station is an ancientarchitecture of "atuonupo" style. Its main functions are as follows: first, wecan have a look at the signs of various shapes hanging on the mast on the top ofits tower. This is to play the role of weather forecast. According to themeteorological information measured by Xujiahui weather station, it will be usedfor the fifth time in the day In order to ensure the safety of navigation, thechessmen of different colors are hung on the mast to announce the wind, wavesand other meteorological information outside Wusongkou to the ships. Second, wecan observe that there is a big ball on the mast that can rise and fall up anddown. At 11:45 on the next day, the ball rises to half the height of the mast.At 11:55, the ball rises to the top again. At 12:00, the ball falls back to itsoriginal position. I dont want to say that we all know what we do. By the way,he is the time desk. But with the development of modern informationcommunication science, there are so many kinds of clocks that they can onlyretire. In October 1993, in the second phase of the comprehensive renovationproject of the Bund, in order to protect this ancient building with more than 80years of history, it was moved 20 meters from its original position to thenortheast as a whole, and it was decorated to make it look new. At night, withthe light of blue and white, such as a huge crystal clear "Yuzhu", beautiful andmoving.
The climax in the solidified music is divided into three parts: the firstpart is composed of three buildings: Asia building, Shanghai Federation andChina Commercial Bank building. Due to the time constraint, I would like tointroduce the Shanghai Federation. It is located at No. 2, East 1st Road,Zhongshan, and was built in 1920___ It costs 450000 taels of silver. It wasoriginally a place for British expatriates to have leisure and entertainment.The building is Renaissance style. In the East facade of the building, threehorizontal sections are adopted, and the front door is taken as the verticalaxis. The decorative patterns of the left and right doors and windows aresymmetrical, making the whole building harmonious, symmetrical and stable. Inaddition, we can see that the third and fourth floors of the building aresupported by six Ionic columns, which are slender, about 9 to 10 times as highas the bottom diameter. The columns are banded, and there are curled up vorticeson their heads. They are the symbol of "female beauty". There are Baroque towerpavilions at the north and south ends of the top floor of the building,enhancing the height and luxury of the whole building. From a distance, he lookslike a perfect work of art in the hands of a sculptor. In addition, the interiordecoration of the building is also very elegant and luxurious. There is a 34meter long wine bar covered with Italian marble, which is known as the longestbar in the Far East. There is also a semicircular iron fence elevator on thenorth side of the lobby. This is also the earliest elevator in Shanghai at thattime. Now many TV dramas reflecting old Shanghai are shot here. The decorationof the building imitates the style of the British palace, so it is known as the"Royal Society".
Next to the Shanghai general meeting is the China Commercial Bank building,which is located at No. 6 on the Bund. It is a Gothic building with a classicalcolonnade at the front door. This is the first climax of solidified music.
The second climax of solidified music is composed of HSBC building andcustoms building. It is the most representative building in the WorldArchitecture Expo Group. The HSBC building, located at No. 11, East 1st Road,Zhongshan, was built in 1923. From 1955 to 1995, it was the seat of ShanghaiPeoples government and then used by Pudong Development Bank. The British claimthat this building is the most exquisite one from the Suez Canal to the BeringStrait. It covers the widest area, has the widest facade and is the largestbuilding. The whole building presents the classical style of Europe in the 17thand 18th centuries and is an ancient Roman building. On the ground floor of thebuilding are three Roman stone arches. From the second floor to the fourth floorof the building, there are six Greek Corinthian pillars. This kind of columnappeared in the prosperous city of Corinth in the Greek era. On the top of thecolumn, there is a bunch of leaves and flower vines, which is shaped like aflower basket and beautifully carved. It is a symbol of "the rich". On the topof the column, there is a Baroque spire. The most noteworthy thing is that italso has three rare treasures: the first one is a pair of bronze lions on bothsides of the gate, sitting north facing south, one with a big mouth open,sitting on the back The one in the South Dynasty and the one in the NorthDynasty is closed, which has the meaning of bank funds. It is said that themodel was destroyed after it was cast in England, making it out of print in theworld. The second one is a huge mosaic mural on the roof of the room, which israre in the world, with a total area of 200 square meters. The third is thatthere are 28 Italian marble pillars 13 meters high in the lobby of the building,which are all formed naturally. Four of them, if not spliced, are carved out ofpure natural boulders. It is said that there are only six in the world. Thereare four here, which shows its value. (the other two are in the Louvre inFrance). So that the whole building palace, which commands more than 20buildings nearby, showing a gorgeous and solemn style. It makes it the mosteye-catching in the whole Bund complex.
The customs building was built in 1920___ It costs 4.3 million taels ofsilver in 20__. The building is eclectic. The big clock at the top of thebuilding is made in imitation of the big clock of the parliament building inLondon, with a silver price of 20 yuan___ The remaining two. It is the largestclock in Asia and the world famous clock. The big clock has a diameter of 5.Its four meters long and three minutes long. 17 meters, 2 hours long. Threemeters. There are three pendulums of up to two tons in the clock. The clockopens three times a week, and it takes four people to wind each time for onehour. In addition, every day at a quarter of an hour, a piece of "Dongfanghong"will be played, and at the same time, a whole piece of "Dongfanghong" will beplayed.
The two buildings, known as sister buildings, are Shanghais landmarkbuildings. The HSBC building is graceful and elegant, while the customs buildingis vigorous and straight. The two buildings stand side by side and complementeach other. They share the second climax of solidified music.
The third climax of solidified music is composed of Huizhong Hotel, Shaxunbuilding and Bank of China building. The theme of this movement ismodernism.
Huizhong hotel is located at the intersection of Zhongshan East Road andNanjing Road. Its sixth floor is at 23 Nanjing East Road. 1920___ Built in, ithas a beautiful appearance, with white fair faced brick as the wall and redbrick as the waistline. It is known as "Bund beauty". This was the site of threeimportant meetings. First, 1920___ The second is the 1996 Shanghai InternationalConference, and the third is 1920___ Representatives of 17 provinces of Chinaheld a meeting to welcome Dr. Sun Yat Sen back to China to take up the post ofinterim president.
Shaxun building and Bank of China Building Shaxun building were called "thefirst building in the Far East" because of the luxurious interior decoration atthat time. Now its the North Building of the peace hotel. The outer image iscapitalized with the English letter A. The Bank of China building is the onlyone built by Chinese in the World Architecture Expo. It is 60 cm lower thanShaxun building. There is another story. When the Chinese capitalists thoughtthat the Bund was full of high-rise buildings of different forms built byWestern powers, which reflected the strong economic strength of the powers ofvarious countries, in order not to let us Chinese lose face, the Chinesebureaucratic capitalism also decided to build a building, which was higher thanthat of other countries, so the original plan was to build 34 floors, but laterthe owner of Shaxun building was also affected He said, "you Chinese peopledont have any status. How can you build a building higher than ours?" so hefiled a lawsuit in London, England. As you can imagine, the Chinese people lostthe lawsuit. Later, they could only build 15 floors, 60 cm lower than the Shaxunbuilding. But the Chinese are still unconvinced that "there are policies at thetop and there are countermeasures at the bottom". Your building wont let mesurpass you. I put up two national flags on the bottom of the building. Thesetwo chess sticks are higher than your Shaxun building. You should have nothingto say this time? So the two chess sticks we see now are authentication. Theshape of Bank of China building has Chinese national characteristics, the bottomof the building is slightly tilted, and the cornice is decorated with a bucketarch. The window frame is a deformed form of Chinese coins.
The finale of solidified music is played by the Oriental Bank and Shanghaibuilding.
The Oriental Bank is a baroque building. The whole building is full ofconcave convex feeling and strong contrast. Now it is the building protectionunit in Shanghai. Broadway building is a modern style, and it is the best placeto enjoy the scenery of Huangpu River, Bund and Pudong. Premier Zhou onceaccompanied many foreign heads of state and distinguished guests to visit. Inthe 1990s, the company won the title of "top ten safety units" for foreignhotels.
Well, dear friends, this is the end of the whole explanation of what iscalled the frozen music Bund. I hope I can leave you good memories.
篇4:上海豫园的导游词
豫园位于黄浦江西岸繁华热闹的上海老城,北靠福佑路,东临安仁街,西面与上海城隍庙和豫园商城邻近,是举世闻名的江南古典园林,闻名中外的名胜古迹和游览胜地。豫园是著名的江南古典园林,豫园始建于明嘉靖年间,有明代四川布政使潘允端所建,至今已有400多年的历史。
一走进豫园就仿佛置身于明末清初之时,随着人流,渐渐的就走进了个大约能容纳近几千余人的小广场,站立在广场间,中央有个扇展,扇面的字画,有的波澜起伏,有的神采飘逸,有的柔中有刚。
环顾四周那8层的天裕楼楼顶是凝晖楼,人们站在这画栋雕梁的阁楼上眺望,欣赏这如诗入画的美景正面是华宝楼,每当逢年过节人们就欢坐此地观赏楼阁好戏,身后是合业楼也就是有名的小吃广场。小广场东面是城隍庙,每年的“三巡日”,即城隍神出巡的日子,上海城内居民家中十室九空,居民全部在城隍娘娘圣诞(三月二十八),上海城隍庙内包括庙附近的商家全部张灯结彩,为城隍神欢庆圣诞,庙内香火旺盛,流光异彩,璀璨瑰丽,宛若仙境。若是恰逢假日,更会形成游客云集,行人如织,人气鼎盛的场面。
随着人流我来到城隍庙对面的个大门,大门旁的两根石柱上挂着一幅邵华泽的对联:古邑独钟潘公明神,熔铸百年精华;申城偏爱老庙新宇,再造世纪辉煌。
这时我已陶醉在这美不胜收的景色中了,不知不觉的来到了九曲桥,桥上人流熙熙攘攘,桥下鱼翔底,静静的湖面上布满了碧翠欲滴的荷叶,像是插满了密密麻麻的翡翠扇似的,把湖面盖得严严实实。湖面上浮游着斑斓的色彩,好像谁在下面撒下一串珍珠。当微风徐徐地吹过,湖面上微微荡起的细碎涟漪,仿佛一匹新缎折出的轻皱,格外绚丽悦目。
园里的围墙,蜿蜒起伏,顶上饰以龙头,并用瓦片组成麟状,象征龙身,一垛墙如居龙游动,称为龙墙。在我国古代,龙是封建帝王的象征,是不能随便用在建筑物上作装饰的。豫园在建龙墙时已是清末,而且“龙”只有三,四个爪子,是为了避去“五爪金龙”之嫌。点春堂是1853年上海小刀会起义军城北指挥所。玉玲珑是立在玉华堂前的一块高约4米、玲珑透剔的巨石。据说是宋代花石岗遗物。豫园的主要建筑是三穗堂,建筑宽敞,是当年主人举行筵宴的地方。此外,园中值得观赏的还有一对元代铁狮,300多年的老藤和一株四百多岁的银杏。
它那古老悠久的历史渊源,色郁味醇的民族风格,使得豫园成为上海最为著名的旅游景区。
篇5:上海朱家角导游词
Zhujiajiao is located at the northern foot of cangcangjiufeng, on the shoreof the vast Dianshan Lake. It is adjacent to Hongqiao International Airport inthe East, Kunshan in the north, Jiaxing in the South and Pingwang in the West.The downstream of Dianshan Lake and the golden waterway Caogang River passthrough the town. It is the transportation hub of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghaiprovinces and one city, with a very advantageous geographical location,. Somepeople compare her to Venice in Shanghai, while others compare her to a pearl onthe Bank of Dianshan Lake. Now this bright pearl is shining more brilliantlywith the support of "Golden Jade Belt" - 318 National Road.
Zhujiajiao was named one of the first four famous cultural towns byShanghai municipal government in 1991. There are nine long streets extendingalong the river, thousands of Ming and Qing buildings standing by the water, 36stone bridges with ancient style, and many places of interest. After gettingtired of the high price of artificial landscapes, people are not surprised thatthere is still such a well preserved natural landscape in the suburbs ofShanghai, which is full of original flavor, real mountains and water. Here wecan find a kind of enjoyment of returning to nature and advocating wild fun. Nowonder a famous professor of Tongji University, after inspecting Zhujiajiao,said: "Zhujiajiao has such a rich cultural heritage, which is not only atreasure of Shanghai, but also a national treasure.". Sanmao, a famous latewriter in Chinese Taiwan, was infatuated with the pattern of "small bridge, flowingwater and other people" here. He was intoxicated with the pure, quiet,picturesque and poetic style. After inspecting the ancient town of Zhujiajiao,member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice presidentof the State Council, he happily wrote down the words "national famoushistorical town of Zhujiajiao".
"The natural scenery of small bridge and flowing water, the original Mingand Qing Street", the natural scenery here can not help but be seen by many filmand television directors, and come in droves, the graceful style of the ancienttown of water, again and again onto the screen, television, sometimes there willbe several films and television shooting at the same time, Zhu Jiajiao hasbecome a hot spot of film and television shooting at home and abroad, known as"Hollywood in the suburbs of Shanghai" ”。
Zhujiajiao, a famous town, has a long history. In 1958, in order to findiron, people in Zhujiajiao miraculously dried the North Lake of the town. At thebottom of the lake, a large number of Neolithic relics were discovered, whichproved to be the remains of Majiabang culture, Songze culture, Liangzhu Cultureand the culture from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the spring and Autumn WarringStates period. In 1959, a large number of stone knives, stone plows, stonespinning wheels, and printed pottery pieces were picked up in the Dianshan Lake.These relics from the Neolithic Age to the Warring States period are enough toprove that the ancestors of Zhujiajiao lived and labored here thousands of yearsago.
Zhujiajiao is famous for its unique natural environment and convenientwaterway transportation. Merchants gather here and there. It was once famous forits standard cloth industry in the south of the Yangtze River. It is known as"the world of clothing and quilts" and has become a huge town in the south ofthe Yangtze River. There is a poem that says: "when Yumi village was in troublefor six years, Nanqiao people avoided small patrols, and Liangjing (Zhujing andFengjing) was not as good as Zhujie Pavilion, so it is unknown to see all thepictures.". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty,Zhujiajiaos rice industry rose, which led to the prosperity of all kinds ofindustries. At that time, there were "three li long streets, thousands ofstores", many old and famous stores, North and South Department stores, and allkinds of industries were complete. The rural foot spread over Jiangsu andZhejiang provinces. Beyond a hundred Li, there was another saying that "threeJing (Zhujing, Fengjing, Yujing) was not as good as one jiao (Zhujiajiao)".
Zhujiajiao, a famous town, has charming natural scenery, with a mountainand a lake. The real mountain and water show the characteristics of the watertown in the south of the Yangtze River. The name of the mountain is Dianshan.Although the mountain is not high, it has a great reputation. It is theafterblood of the Tianmu in the west of Zhejiang Province. This mountain is thebeginning. It is like climbing a mountain to watch the lake. You can enjoy theview of "evening photo of Dianfeng".
Dianshan Lake, the natural fresh water lake, covers an area of 62 squarekilometers. Most of the eastern part of the lake is in Zhujiajiao. There are 11West Lakes in Hangzhou, which are large in area. When you go to the lake byboat, the vast water and the sky are in the same color. The reed in the lakearea shakes gently, which makes wild ducks and waterfowls feel far away from thenoise, relaxed and happy. Zhujiajiao, a famous town, is more charming and hasthe cultural landscape of ancient town characteristics, including one bridge,one street, one temple, one temple, one hall, one museum, two gardens, threebays and twenty six lanes. If we say that Zhouzhuang, a 900 year old water town,is small and exquisite, like a small jasper, while Zhujiajiao, a millennium oldtown, has a majestic and elegant demeanor. First of all, the ancient town ofZhujiajiao covers an area of 1.5 square kilometers, more than three times thearea of Zhouzhuang. It has a large home and many natural places to visit.Caogang river divides Zhujiajiao into two parts: Jingting harbor on the northbank, North Street on the south bank, winding alleys on both sides, granitestreets, blue brick buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties and numerous historicalsites.
篇6:上海枫泾古镇风景导游词
枫泾古镇区建筑多为明、清风格, 均具传统江南粉墙黛瓦的特色,房屋以两层砖木结构为主,前后进房之间有厢房和天井,大宅深院有穿堂、仪门及厅堂等,前后楼之间有走道相连,称走马堂楼。屋面多为观音兜和五山屏风墙。庙宇建筑多为宫殿式。古民居建筑群总面积达48750平方米,其中9处已列为上海市第一批不可移动文物。
古镇水网遍布,镇区内河道纵横,桥梁众多,素有“三步两座桥,一望十条港”之称。沿河古街绿树成荫,古镇水巷幽静;39座古石桥横跨河上,其中元代建1座,明代建11座,清代建21座。
明代建的瑞虹桥,坐落于虹桥河口,清康熙初在此发生过被称为“中国最早的工人罢工运动”的“虹桥血案”,北京中国历史博物馆有该事迹的记载及陈列,并于康熙二十二年(1683年)在圣堂内为此立了案碑。
枫泾是蜚声中外的金山农民画的发源地。枫泾人民热爱生活,蓝印花布、家具雕刻、灶壁画、花灯、剪纸、绣花、编织等民间艺术源远流长。浓郁的民间文化艺术,孕育了金山农民画。以枫泾农民画家为主的金山农民创作出了乡土气息浓郁、艺术风格独特的金山农民画,在海内外产生了广泛的影响。镇内的画馆名画家祖居也多,和平街上程十发祖居已经修复开放。北大街的丁聪漫画陈列馆设在二层中西式建筑内,楼前一棵古银杏,一丛大芭。馆内陈列了丁聪生平和一百多幅漫画,幽默地画画常让人驻足流连。南大街圣堂弄的金山农民画展示中心就在清代状元蔡以台的读书楼内,尽得清雅,一副副画面却透露出浓郁的乡土气息。农民画与丁聪的漫画、程十发的国画和顾水如的围棋,这些在国内外都具有相当地影响的“三画一棋”,集中于枫泾一镇,是国内罕见的一种地域文化现象。
篇7:上海外滩英文导游词_外滩英语导游词
Friends:
Now we come to Shanghai Huangpu River bank Bund, first, I tour to everybody visit Bund to express the welcome, and wishes in advance each traveling to be happy.
New Bund altogether has five traveling routes, nearby yours left hand is by the reputation is Wan Guo constructs reads extensively the magnificent architectural complex and spacious Zhongshan Road, nearby your right hand is the wave light clear Huangpu River as well as the future resembles the brocade the Pudong land to embellish the financial trade area, at present for is novel uniquely goes sightseeing the tour area. This architectural complex, Zhongshan Road, go sightseeing the area, the Huangpu River, Lu Jiazui in the as if music five spectra, the industrious Shanghai people seem between the string string the symbol, is composing most newly the most gorgeous music movement, is welcome fellow guests presence.
The powder can call Bund? Simple saying, it passed once was the desolate beach place which outside the Shanghai old city the reed grew thickly together.
In 1840 after first Opium War, the tight lock entrance to a country has been driven out by the colonizing ocean artillery, Shanghai also is compelled to ward off for the commercial port. Since then, all kinds of west foreign style construction hastens to ground along with colonizing but towers in abundance, to this century the beginning of 30s, Shanghai as soon as leapt into the far east biggest metropolis from seashore small Yi.
At present these have the Europe Renaissance time style the construction, although stems from hand of the identical design, also is not constructs at an age, but their construction style is such harmonious unification, the day becomes. From Jinling east road Bund to outside white temporary bridge long only 1.5 kilometer arcs in,height scattered about, is standing erect row after row 52 styles each different construction, has England -like, France -like, ancient Greece -like and so on. Same year many foreign banks, the general meeting, the consulate and so on converged to this, some East Wall Street the name, formed the old Shanghai semicolonial and semifeudal society a historical miniature.
Everybody please looked that, the new Bund 2 east winds hotels, in the past once were the English general meetings which extremely is well-known, it is a model English ancient canonical expression constructs. The building high has 6 (continually basement), the roof north and south beginnings and ends respectively suppose □t look pavilion, the interior decoration are extremely magnificent. Inside a yet higher goal bar same year once because of has 110.7 foot Eastern longest bar cabinet but to be arrogant for a while, now USS Kentuckey quick dining room is located in.
New Bund 12 before are famous the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, this building constructed in 1923, was in the style of antiquity Greece -like dome construction. The building for approaches the square the rectangular construction, high 5, a crown hemispheroid level goes against the vegetable to have 7 in addition, the steel portal frame construction. In the building decorates extremely is fastidious, is equipped with country each kind of reception room and so on America, England and France, Russia, date. This place constructed the English once to brag for from The Suez Canal to far east Bering Strait most was fastidious construction.
Nearby close neighbor Hongkong and Shanghai Bank that building is the Shanghai customs building, is 19th century restores the old the principle construction, constructed in 1927, is now the world institute rarely is ominous. Above the building bell all around worthy of looking at arrives is in luck, each 15 minutes play sound section of short tunes, melodious are deep, reputation 10 miles.
After the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank building and the customs building all stem from English designer Wilson, Shanghai kindly called they are the sisters building, at present was still one of Shanghais important symbols.
East Nanjing the street intersection two buildings are called the peaceful hotel. Sat north the Southern Dynasty this Lou Jianyu in 1906, at that time the name collected the hotel, was a Shanghai extant earliest hotel. It may take a historical construction, is the English Chinese world renaissance. This building most major characteristic is sets up the surface color red brick to make the waist line, Bai Qiangzhuan makes the cover, looks by far both gravely is elegant, and other style, the reality is a rare excellent work.
Bunds these constructions, all are the China working people industrious wisdom crystallization, simultaneously has also reflected western colonizing to Shanghais plundering and the aggression. Now in order to let the people understand these constructions the history, in front of each big front door hangs has the data plate which the Chinese and English compares.
Regarding Bund, the Shanghai person also passes for hers name along with the time changes. Shanghai persons is called old Bund, after the liberation liberation before Bund to be called as Bund, now the people approve her are new Bund. In the history occurs has seized Bund many times the scene, but each time all has the completely different historical significance. Since partys 11 sessions of three CCP plenary conferences, the China reform and open policy strategic center of gravity also from the south but north, Pudongs development and the promotion enable Shanghai to walk the nation reform and open policy most front. The spring breeze blew awakes the deep sleep many year Shanghai Bund, the Chinese and foreign financial organ in abundance has also seized Bund. Shanghai has made the clear nest directs the phoenix the significant action, the Bund finance street house big replacement, will attract everywhere the old customer reto come to settle down, again will reveal the far east Wall Street elegant demeanour.
Bund is Shanghais symbol, also is the Chinese and foreign tourists must arrive place. But in before because the path narrow, the pedestrian vehicles are packed like sardines, seriously has affected the Bund overall image. For the change place beach appearance, the Shanghai peoples government performs Bund as the key point to transform. At present this street called, also is Bund which Zhongshan a group, is for commemorate pioneer Mr. Sun Yat-Sen which China democratic revolution names synthesizes the transformation a part. This group span 826 meters, the width 45 meters, suppose 6 to 10 traffic lanes. This broad line of communication not merely is restricted in area Bund, it follows the reform and open policy step unceasingly to extend, north the Jiangwan five jiao fields, south arrive at the Nampo bridge. To the next the beginning of century, this north and south corridor long amounts to 15 kilometers, will become the sign landscape which the Shanghai traveling will go sightseeing.
We now walk this Bin Jiang main road quite has the characteristic. It not only collection culture, afforestation to a body, moreover the morning is the people practices the good place which the article practices martial arts,daytime is domestic and foreign goes sightseeing the tour world, evening is the ideal place which talks love to the lover, heard has many foreign friends all in admiration of somebodys fame to come to experience the life.
Fellow guests, stroll in new Bund to go sightseeing the area, whether you do feel, new Bund not only appearance changed beyond recognition, moreover in lively is lively passes the rich artistic breath. Everybody please looked that, In the Yenan east road Bund establishment subject will be for tomorrow the artistic landscape,will hug by 6 columns, with will have more than 80 years historical meteorological signal to become a group to the scenery. The customs building and the electronic waterfall clock also is quite has the fresh idea to the scenery. The electronic waterfall clock assumes the steps and ladders type, the length 27 meters, the height 3.5 meters, supposes 10 entire stairs. The entire operating process by the computer control, approximately some more than 1,000 nozzles water column is composed each kind of color the Arabic numeral, causes world each place since such remoteness, double is how being intimate with. Went sightseeing the area worthily to become to hold hundred Sichuan, is compatible Shanghai school characteristic culture scenery line which and gathered.
Strolls Bund, we unconsciously entered the Whangpoo River park. In mentioned this park, each Chinese all could not forget the former days foreign country big powers to hang the Chinese people and the dog did not have to enter in park entrance that block the sign, that notorious sign, let then Chinese people suffer the enormous shame! Now, looked at present that 60 meter high Shanghai people outstandingly talented monument, stands erect is facing the water place. The military might magnificent sight three columns yellow hillocks body in has told the people as if, the people forever cherishes the memory of since the Opium War, 54 movements and the war of liberation, is the scrubbing nationality shame, devotes the heroes for Shanghais revolutionary business.
The Whangpoo River park faces is well-known everywhere Huangpu River. On month Huanglong waters edge water yellow, extremely vividly described the Whangpoo River river water color. Improves Pujiang is Shanghais mother river, it originates to the Wuxi Tai Lake, is within the boundaries of Shanghai longest, is widest, deepest rivers, the span 114 kilometers; The mean breadth 400 meters, are deep 7 to 9 meters. Its original name calls Dong Jiang, also has the spring Shenjiang river, alternate name and so on Huang Xiejiang. Hands down before more than 2,000 years, Shanghai was Chu at that time, at that time Chu country has a senior general yellow to call to rest, he had very much rules a nation ability, is appointed by Chu king as prime minister, and sealed for presents Mr. Shen, had jurisdiction over Shanghai this land. At that time because upstream Dong Jiangs clogged with silt, he led the Shanghai people to carry on scours, and revised the route, caused Shanghai the aquatic transportation and the agriculture obtains the very big development, the posterity for commemorate Huang Xie the merit, renamed Dong Jiang as the spring Shenjiang river and yellow , only then officially chose a name until the Southern Song Dynasty time as the Huangpu River.
The Huangpu River has two the child, calls Pudong, another calls Puxi. Before new China is born, their whole family deeply three mountains oppressions, on the mother river body is anchoring is the outside warship and the merchantman, two children also are pressed have not gasped for breath. Jumps Whangpoo River my sentence Shanghai persons pet phrase, refers to the common people which the old society really is unable to live,throws the river to here to commit suicide.
Looks out into the distance the opposite shore, Pudong Lu Jiazui the finance trade area and Puxi Bund distantly faces one another, its function for the finance, the trade and foreign serves, it will be the new Shanghais core and the symbol. East Bund the Bin Jiang main road, the total length 2,500 meters, the collection traveling, go sightseeing with the entertainment and so on are a body, is equipped with 6 multi-faceted squares along the road. Although the present only rumble cuts in line the sound, but the sound sound , is in five spectra the most magnificent music movement, will be forecasting a Bund more glorious future.
篇8:2024年上海经典导游词
在南市区沉香阁路,占地2378亩(159公顷),旧名慈云禅寺,上海唯一供奉沉香观音的寺院.据清同治《上海县志》载:“明万历二十八年,有沉香观音像浮至淮口,时潘允端督漕淮上,奉归建阁。”故名沉香阁,为潘允端的家庵。清康熙、嘉庆、道光年间,屡经修葺扩建,有山门石坊、弥勒殿、大雄宝殿、沉香佛殿及鹤轩、前殿禅堂等建筑。观音像为名贵水沉香本雕成,为佛寺所独有,雕像屈一足,一手已膝上,作凝思状,神态自然逼真。每逢雨天,芳馥四溢。上海未建万寿宫前,每逢皇帝、皇太后诞辰、上海官员以此为朝贺之处,同时此处也是人们祈晴祷雨之所。“文化大革命”期间佛像被毁,寺为工厂占用。
1981年国务院颁文,将沉香阁列为全国142个重点开放寺庙之一。1989年为上海佛教协会收回,修复沉香阁和大殿,1992年修牌坊、天王殿等,沉香阁成为国内最大的尼姑庵之一。寺东有名僧应慈法师纪念堂。
篇9:简单的北京龙庆峡导游词
小三峡胜似三峡,山比三峡险。小漓江赛过漓江,水比漓江清。横批:塞外一绝
这是游人曾为龙庆峡拟的一副对联,或许,它道出了这片奇山丽水的底蕴;或许,那更深的体现和感悟,用一副对联是难以穷尽的。但龙庆峡就是龙庆峡,它既有南国山水的柔媚与婉约,又不失北方山水的雄健与阳刚,它是集南北山水之大成,而出落成的一颗塞外璀璨的明珠……. 水作青罗带,山如碧玉簪。 乘船游龙庆峡,仿佛是用手徐徐展开的一轴山水长卷,漓江风韵扑面而来,游人无处不在画境中。那山,群峰屏列,逶迤嵯峨,随形寓意,依貌称名,大自然的天道沧桑、鬼斧神工造化了镇山如来、钟山、凤冠岛、东大寨、月亮湾等30余处景观,附丽了人的感情,山水就有了人的性格和灵性。那水,碧波清流,九曲萦回绿得氤氲,柔的纤缱,拓山光鸟影于怀,纳长天白云在胸。山回水转,水贯山行,可谓"崖出疑无路,云开别有天"。
龙庆峡的盛夏,气候凉爽,空气清新,气温低于北京城区6度,甚至比承德避暑山庄还低0.8度。而隆冬,结冰期较长,异常寒冷,于是,这里就诞生了冰灯艺术的奇葩,峡谷,一个冰雕玉砌的世界,一个北国冰雪的乐园。
而历史的脚印,山间古刹庙宇,又为这明丽的山水之梦,着了一笔古铜的底色,令其愈显久远幽深。神仙院耸立在群山围合,孤峰独峙之巅,1998年这里再现明代庙宇风采,在云雾缥渺,树木蓊郁当中,层层崇台,依山叠砌,殿宇楼堂,鳞次栉比,翠瓦丹墙,飞金流碧.......一览众山小的玉皇顶,主阁俨然,重檐九脊。清人来此曾记“逼面千峰起,回头万壑低”。
篇10:简单的北京明十三陵导游词_北京导游词_网
明十三陵,世界文化遗产,全国重点文物保护单位,国家重点风景名胜区,国家AAAAA级旅游景区。明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓,总面积一百二十余平方公里,距离天安门约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中,陵区周围群山环抱,中部为平原,陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵,到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止,其间230多年,先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。截止20xx年,已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。下面是小编收集整理的简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇范文,欢迎借鉴参考。
简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(一)
各位旅客朋友们:
大家好!
北京昌平县境内,有一处明代帝王陵墓群,即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内,埋葬着明代13位帝王,23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。
(一)概况
明永乐五年(1407)朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风鉴先生等人,在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处,朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说,昌平北有吉壤,可做万年寿域,名黄土山,山前有龙、虎二山,形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意,决定在此建造皇陵,改黄土山为天寿山。永乐七年(1409)正式建陵,到永乐十一年竣工,即长陵。明代历朝(除景泰帝外)皇帝陆续在此建陵。 明制规定,陵墓每年大祭三次(清明、中元、冬至),小祭四次(正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日)。每次谒陵耗费巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾几度遭到破坏,最严重的一次是清兵入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北,威胁明朝安全。有人说清兵之所以强盛与他的祖坟风水有关。他们(金人)的祖坟在房山,如捣毁,清兵即灭。天启皇帝于天启二年(1622)派人毁房山金陵,并建关帝庙镇之。清兵入关后,采取同样的报复手段,破坏了明陵。清乾隆五十年,为了拢络汉人,曾下令修缮明陵。民国时期,1920xx年左右,当地豪绅争夺产权,明陵又遭破坏。
1绷昴骨范围
墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起,依山而筑,设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口,各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无,但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。
2绷昴怪兄嵯
(1)石牌坊
石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑。该坊五门六柱十一楼,高14米,宽2886米,建于嘉靖十九年(1540),是目前国内保存最大、最早的石坊。夹杆石四面有浮雕,刻有八对狮子滚绣球、十六条生龙,造型生动。
(2)大宫门
大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞,旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护,任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者,以谋大逆论,不分首从,俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩,家属发往边疆充军。
(3)碑楼
该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑,即长陵的神功圣德碑,高三丈(该碑正式建立于宣德十年,即公元1435年)。正面为神功圣德碑文,3000余字,明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年(1785),清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》,详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录,西侧是嘉庆九年(1804)清仁宗论述明亡的原因。
(4)石象生
神路两侧有一组石雕群,24兽,12人,共18对,36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹,二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。
(5)棂星门
棂星门俗称龙凤门,在此处有"天门"之意,门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表,三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠,故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座,通往长陵陵门。
(二)埋葬帝后简表
陵 名埋 葬年 号庙 号在位年代年 数享 年附葬皇后长 陵朱 棣永 乐成 祖1403~14242265徐 氏献 陵朱高炽洪 熙仁 宗1425148张 氏景 陵朱瞻基宣 德宣 宗1426~14351038孙 氏裕 陵朱祁镇正统天顺英 宗1436~1464(前后)2238钱、周氏茂 陵朱见深成 化宪 宗1465~14872341纪、王、邵氏泰 陵朱佑樘弘 治孝 宗1488~15051836张 氏康 陵朱厚照正 德武 宗1506~15211631夏 氏永 陵朱厚艏 靖世 宗1522~15664560杜、陈、方氏昭 陵朱载趼 庆穆 宗1567~1572636李、陈、李氏定 陵朱翊钧万 历神 宗1573~16204858王、王氏庆 陵朱常洛泰 昌光 宗16201月39郭、王、刘氏德 陵朱由校天 启熹 宗1621~1627723张 氏思 陵朱由检崇 祯思 宗1628~16441735田、周氏
(三)长陵
长陵是十三陵中第一陵,占地10公顷。墓主是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏。
1绷暝捌矫娌季
陵墓有三进院落。第一进院落从陵门到潭髅拧A昝拍诙西侧原有神厨、神库各5间。东南角有碑亭一座,无碑文,建于嘉靖十五年(1536)。清顺治皇帝见过陵墓后,于顺治十六年(1659),在石碑正面用汉、满两种文字镌刻其谒陵感受。碑阴是乾隆皇帝于1785年谒陵后镌刻的谒明陵八韵。第二进院落从潭髅胖聊诤烀拧T耗邶潭鞯羁9间,深5间,重檐庑殿顶。殿内60根楠木柱,当中4根柱直径都在1米以上。该殿是国内最好的楠木殿。殿中原有大佛龛,供成祖和徐皇后。殿两侧原有廊庑15间,现已无存。第三进院落从内红门至明楼。院内前部是二柱牌坊,依次为石五供、明楼和宝城。 明楼是每座陵墓的标帜,也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。楼顶为重檐歇山式,建于方城之上,四出陛,额曰"长陵"。刻碑为万历三十二年重立。原碑刻"太宗"(朱棣原来的庙号),后来世宗嘉靖皇帝于嘉靖七年改太宗为成祖,未换石碑,只用木雕成祖之碑镶之。万历三十二年(1604)雷击起火,木雕被毁。大学士沈一贯奏请改新碑。明楼两侧连宝城,城内园丘即宝顶,周一百丈,下面即地宫。
2倍西井
长陵的陵园还辖属东西井。东井在德陵馒头山之南,西井在定陵西北。"井"内葬着被"赐死"的殉葬宫妃。她们是皇帝的地下随侍,虽赐死但无资格入地宫。埋葬她们的坟(竖葬)叫"井"。
(四)定陵
定陵在昭陵东北大峪山(原名小峪山)下,埋葬着明代第十三代帝王万历帝朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖二位皇后。万历十一年(1583)朱翊钧借祭陵的机会勘察了陵区,最后决定在小峪山为己建陵,改小峪山为大峪山。因陵地有巨石,工程量级大,有人谏阻其不听,决定次年开工。朱翊钧时年才22岁。从万历十二年开工,至万历十八年竣工,历时6年之久。墓穴工程质量极佳。竣工后,28岁的万历皇帝,曾在自己的地宫中饮酒欢贺,然后将墓口封闭。朱翊钧是个残暴荒淫之君,在位48年不问朝政,纵饮欢乐,还巧立名目广纳民女,如选"九嫔"、"十俊"等。
简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(二)
各位游客:
你们好,欢迎你们来到北京旅游,我是你们的导游。
1992年,在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中,专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月,明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下:“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论,精心选址,将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物,体现了传统的建筑装饰思想,阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”
(明成祖朱棣)
十三陵的第一个陵是长陵,从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建,到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面,它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。
明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子,生于元至正二十年(1360),明洪武三年(130)封为燕王,洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”,建文四年(1420)继承皇位,第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有:主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中,有4项是朱棣开创奠基的,他们是北京故宫,北京天坛,北京明十三陵,湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏,是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420xx年)七月四日病逝,永乐十一年(公元1420xx年),首先被葬入长陵,她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大,营建时间最长,保存的最好的一座陵。
(长陵布局:长陵祾恩殿)
长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”,是三进深院落:第一深进院落大门为陵门,单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑,门内明朝时东建有神厨,西建有神库,神厨前有碑亭一座,神厨,神库均毁于清朝中期,碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门,单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿,面阔九间进深五间,重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”,“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱,当中4根柱的直径在l米以上,是我国保存最好的楠木大殿,十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门,门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓,它由宝城,宝山,方城,明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡,宝城围起来的土山]宝山,宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城,方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志,也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”,后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖,但没能换石碑,只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”,下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。
长陵陵园还辖有东,西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面,西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。
明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上,处在天寿山主峰南麓,是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大,营建时间最早,地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵,也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420xx年)开始修建,永乐十三年(1420xx年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘,同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。
明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内,距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊,北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山,绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙,势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去,好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。
明长陵为十三陵之首,永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420xx年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大,用料严格考究,施工精细,工程浩繁,营建时日旷久,仅地下宫殿就历时四年。
明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所,建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上,金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米),进深五间(29.12米),象征着皇帝“”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之,古色古香。一米多直径,十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱,承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶,雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱,高12.58米,底径达到1.124米,为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像,形象逼真,做工精湛考究,此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件,播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像,帮助游人解开地宫之谜。
明长陵,建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑,仍完好无损,金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就,丰富的历史文化内涵,吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者,而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝,所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。
景区
祾恩门
《太常续考》等文献记载,天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”,殿门名之为“祾恩门”,始于嘉靖十七年(1538年),是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中,“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意,“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意,长陵棱恩门,为单檐歇山顶形制,面阔五间(通阔31.44米),进深二间(通深14.37米),正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式,其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状,与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道,稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额,书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制,为龙凤雕饰的望柱,和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下,各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美:下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌,海水中宝山矗立,两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾,追逐火珠,呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。
陵宫建筑
长陵的陵宫建筑,占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分,由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落,前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑,面阔显五间,檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台,左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内,明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间,神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期,碑亭则保存至今。
简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(三)
现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区,那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间,我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。
明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在1420xx年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”,其实就是吉祥的土地,准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方,但是都不成功,开始他们选在了口外的屠家营,可是皇帝姓朱,与猪同音,犯了地讳。然后又选在了昌平西南的羊山脚下,可是后面有个村子叫“狼口峪”,这样岂不是更危险!后来选过京西的“燕家台”,有与“宴驾”同音,太不吉利了。最后直到明永乐七年,才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区,在周围有蟒山,虎峪,龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置,就是东青龙,西白虎,南朱雀,北玄武,还有温榆河经过这里,真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后,就开始修建了长陵,经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝,也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡,这200多年间,明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围,埋葬了明代十三位皇帝,二十三位皇后,还有许多的妃子,太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来,在清兵入关以后,为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉,所以就将这里烧了。后来在乾隆五十年的时候,为了笼络汉人,就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后,对这里进行了大规模的开发,并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵,其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区,是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想:明朝不是有十六个皇帝么?怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝?其实原因很简单,明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京,所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦,也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝,因为被朱棣夺取了皇位,尸骨下落不明,所以这里就没有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候,他曾经被宦官王振怂恿,率军亲征,后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏,这个事件称为“土木之变”,一国不能无君,所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝,而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”,所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓,他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来,大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。
现在大家沿途看到的这一个石牌坊,就是陵区的标志,是嘉靖年间制造的。这个牌坊是5间6柱11楼,高有14米,宽达到了28.86米,是现在国内保存下来最大、最精美的石牌坊,上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案,反映了皇家建筑的特点。
大宫门就是陵墓区的正门儿,也叫大红门。门是南向的,分三洞,在这个门里边就是陵墓区。在门两侧都有刻着“官员人等至此下马”的下马碑,因为当时规定这些人进入陵区都是要步行,否则可是要治罪的。而且这里也是禁区,不是一般老百姓可以随便进入的地方,严重的是要被斩首的。而进了这个门儿,也就走进了贯穿陵园南北,能够直接通到长陵陵门的神道,明朝的神道,也是我国历代修建的帝王陵中神道最长的,其实他的主要作用就是让皇帝灵魂通过的地方,全长有7公里。
我们一边走着,就可以看到前边有一个碑亭。这个碑亭是重檐歇山顶的建筑,里边有赑屃驮着巨碑,这个就是长陵的神功颂德碑,正式建立于1435年,正面就是永乐皇帝的长子朱高炽写的颂德碑文,有3000多字,而背面则是在乾隆五十年撰写的《哀明陵三十韵》,里边详细记录了陵墓的破损情况。碑身的东面是清政府修缮陵墓的花费,西侧则是在嘉庆九年论述明王朝灭亡的原因。
过了碑亭,我们继续沿着神道行走,会发现在神路两侧,都有很多石雕。其实这里一共有36座石雕,叫做石像生。紧挨着碑亭后边的是两根石望柱,接下来就是狮子、獬豸、骆驼、大象、麒麟、马,各有四匹,按照先卧后立的顺序排列。然后是武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四人。修建这些,都是为了体现帝王生前的仪仗和死后的尊严。所以体积都非常大,雕刻的都非常精细。而且这些也都象征着皇帝在生前可以得到尊崇,到了死后也是同样得到尊崇。,各方神圣和文武百官还是要为我独尊。
再往前走,就可以看到一座棂星门,也叫龙凤门,取天门之意。在这个三门六柱的门中央位置上,有三个火焰宝珠,所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。
我们其实一直都是沿着神道来前进的,来回顾一下,先是石牌坊,然后到了大宫门,现在我们就要已经进入了长陵了。碑亭,石象生,过了龙凤门,还有一段路程就可以到达长陵的陵门了。而我们所说的整个陵墓群的中轴线其实也就是这条贯穿陵园南北,全长共7公里的神道。
说到长陵,它是明十三陵中的第一座陵,始建于1420xx年,在1420xx年全部建成,是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子,当朱元璋死后,朱棣就以靖难为名,从北平发兵攻下南京,并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位,改年号为永乐,这件事历史上称之为靖难之役。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝,当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战,并且在1420xx年做出了迁都北京的重大决定。在他所统治的明朝年间,国库充实,政局稳定,而且还命人写作了《永乐大典》这部我国历史上最大的类书,派郑和七下西洋,发展了各国之间友好关系。而他的贤内助徐皇后,也就是明朝开国元勋徐达的女儿也是一位有中国古典美的女性,她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》用以化育人心,在用了五年的时候病逝了。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣,而是徐皇后。长陵共占地10公顷,中轴线由陵恩门,陵恩殿,明楼,宝城和宝顶共同组成。陵墓共有三进院,第一进院是从陵门道陵恩门,可以看到左右两侧各有一个小碑亭,但当时上面都没有文字,现在的文字是清顺治皇帝写上的。陵恩殿坐落在陵墓的第二进院落中,在1412,明永乐十四年建成,是供奉牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。它面阔九间,进深五间,是重檐庑殿顶的建筑,殿内有60根楠木柱,中间的四根直径都达到了一米以上,是国内最好的楠木殿。原来陵恩殿中陈列有大佛龛,现在已经没有了,取而代之的是后人制作的永乐皇帝坐像,大家可以绕道坐像的后边来看一下,可以看到椅背上刻有一条龙,而龙头则正对着万历皇帝的头部,这象征着皇帝是真龙天子。而四周则是出土文物的展览。
咱们从殿后的门一出来,就到达了第三进院落,每座陵墓的标志——明楼就在这里。大家可以看到这里也有一个碑亭,石碑上刻有成祖文皇帝之陵,因为皇帝姓朱,所以碑身也都是用的朱砂红色。
由于长陵的地宫没有发掘,所以我们在长陵的游览就先告一段落。不过大家不用着急,接下来我们将要去的定陵,就可以让大家参观到古代皇帝的地下宫殿了。
定陵是明朝第13位皇帝神宗万历朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的合葬墓。朱翊钧是明朝在位最久的皇帝,他的为人和永乐皇帝朱棣可以说成为了鲜明的对比。他非常贪婪懒惰,在他九岁即位的时候,由于有大臣张居正的辅佐,国家发展的还算比较稳定,可是后来张居正病逝,他便利用这个机会为自己选择了陵地,花费了800万两白银,用了六年时间,建了工程质量最好的定陵,而他居然因为陵寝修建的非常满意,而在地宫当中举行了盛大的宴会,真实一位让人苦笑不得的皇帝。而他不仅如此,在他在位的48年当中,竟然有20xx年不理朝政,导致国家处于瘫痪状态。后人评论,其实明朝灭亡的命运,在万历皇帝朱翊钧时就已经成为定局了。他有两位皇后,其实在开始的时候孝靖皇后身份低下,可是与他有了一个男孩,就是后来的“一月天子”朱常洛,母以子贵,她就被封为贵妃。但是她比朱翊钧早死了九年,并没有葬在定陵里,直到后来追封她为太皇太后的时候,才与万历皇帝朱翊钧,孝端皇后共同葬入陵寝。朱翊钧的另一个皇后孝端与他没有孩子,在她去世后不到百日,朱翊钧也去世了,所以他们是同日葬入定陵的。
一进入定陵陵区,我们首先看到的是一个碑亭,里边就是神功圣德碑,也称为无字碑。碑顶有云龙交盘,下端雕有海水纹的图案,碑座也是龙九子之一赑屃。在十三陵中,除了长陵以外,其他的陵碑都没有字。这是因为原来在献景裕茂泰康六个陵门前没有碑亭,当然也就没有碑文一说,可是后来这六个碑亭相继建成,碑文理应有当时的嘉靖皇帝撰写,可是他忙于炼丹成仙,根本没工夫理会,所以导致六个碑空空如也。在永陵之后的陵墓,因为祖宗的墓碑上都没有写字,所以怕冒犯祖先,也都没有撰写碑文,这样就形成了今天我们所看到的景象。定陵的这个碑背面有一个满月型的痕迹,所以俗称月亮碑,传说它还有灵性,能随月亮阴晴圆缺而发光,可是后来陵园着火,就失去了灵性。
过了碑亭,我们所看到的两座高石台基就是定陵陵恩门和陵恩殿的遗址。这里原来也叫享殿,它是举行祭祀典礼的地方,当时面阔七间,清兵入关的时候曾经遭到破坏,到了乾隆年间,对这里进行了修复,但是后来又遭到了破坏。
在往前走,我们可以看到一个陈列室,这里陈列展出的都是定陵的出土文物,是在地宫挖掘之后兴建的。展室分为南北两个部分,南侧主要陈列地宫出土的万历皇帝的随葬品,北侧则是两位太后的随葬品,都非常精美,各位尽可以一饱眼福。
现在来到了明楼,它也是定陵陵墓的标志。明楼为石结构建筑,是定陵地面保存最完好的建筑,始终没有遭到破坏。在明楼黄色琉璃瓦顶上,镶有一块高大的石榜,刻有定陵二字,在明楼内的碑额上篆有大名二字,而碑身上则刻有神宗显皇帝之陵七个大字。它与宝城相连。宝城是一道用城砖垒起的圆形大墙,墙上有垛口,城墙高7.5米,上厚下薄,周长800米,在它围绕的中间有一个人工堆成的大土丘,其实就是皇陵的坟头,叫做宝顶。
咱们现在正从左侧的通道走入地宫。定陵地宫的挖掘工作是从1956年5月开始的,在1958年结束。最开始,工作人员是发现了宝城西南侧墙上露出了一处券门,于是就正对着券门开了第一条探沟,到了底部发现了用城砖砌成的隧道。在三个月以后,沿着隧道的方向在明楼西面开了第二条探沟,在这条探沟的挖掘过程中,碰到了刻有“此时至今刚墙前皮十六丈、深三丈五尺”的石碑,从而得到了关于打开地宫的正确方向。工作人员沿着这个方向,又开了第三条探沟,最终找到了石隧道,并且发现了金刚墙,打开金刚墙,里边有一个方形的石券室,在西侧正中有两扇汉白玉的石门,从里边顶着“自来石”,而工作人员只用了铁丝和木板,不到五分钟,就将沉睡了337年的定陵地宫打开了。
地宫深度是27米,总面积达到了1195平方米,整个建筑的用料都是砖石,可以说是地下的无梁殿,礼制上是仿明堂的“九重法宫制”,分为前中后左右五个殿堂由七扇汉白玉门连接,最大的一扇高3.3米,宽1.7米,重达4吨,看上去很笨重,其实设计非常的合理。石门的重心偏向门轴,所以开关自如;门扇上横着设有防止倒塌的青铜扇管,重量大约是10吨;在门正面雕刻有乳状门钉和衔环铺首,背面与之相对应的地方有一个凸起的部分,关门以后,自来石就承托在这里。
在地宫前殿和左右两个配殿中没有任何的陈设。而现在到达的中殿高7.2米,宽6米,地面是金砖铺地,据记载,这种砖会越擦越亮的。殿中陈设有汉白玉石宝座,它的样式和皇帝生前宝座是一样的,在前边也就是孝靖和孝端皇后的宝座雕有凤头,而万历皇帝的宝座靠背和扶手都雕有龙头。原来宝座的陈列是呈品字形的,后来为了方便游人参观,才改变了陈设。在三个宝座之前,设有祭祀用具黄琉璃五供,包括一个香炉,两个烛台,和两个香瓶,和嘉靖年间的青花云龙大瓷缸,这个缸中原来是盛有香油,里边放有灯芯的,叫做长明灯,但是由于关门后地宫缺氧,所以这盏灯并没有长明。
在中殿后面的就是后殿,它是地宫中最大的一个殿,高大9.5米,长31米,宽9.1米,地面上铺设的是磨光的花斑石。在后殿中设有白石镶边的棺床一座,中央有一个长型方孔,中间填的是黄土,也就是选择墓穴时的第一铲黄土,叫做金井,它是整座陵寝建筑格局的基本点。在棺椁四周和棺椁内放有玉石,或者在死者口中含有玉石,称为玉葬。之所以这样,是因为古人认为金井可以沟通阴阳,交流生气,而玉葬能够保持尸体不腐烂。金井玉葬在明清两代是最高等级的葬礼。当然这些都是古人的理想而已,没有什么科学根据。在棺床的上安放有万历皇帝和两位皇后的棺椁,还有装随葬品的26个木箱。
按照皇帝陵寝的规置,后殿只是安放皇帝棺椁用的,那为什么两个皇后的棺椁也出现在这里呢?这个现象在史料中是没有明确记载的,可是根据专家推测:在万历四十八年的时候,先是孝端皇后病逝,接着七月就是万历皇帝去世,而他的儿子朱常洛也在即位29天死于红丸案,在这短短百日之内,死了两位皇帝,一位皇后,还有孝靖皇后还要迁葬,这么巨大的任务都压在了刚刚即位的皇帝朱由校身上,所以准备工作十分的仓促。而且当时正好是雨季,安放皇后的配殿不方便打开,于是皇帝皇后的棺椁就都从正门进去了。可是到了地宫发现配殿的甬道太窄了,皇后的棺椁进不去,所以只好将它们一并放入了后殿当中。现在大家可以明白地宫中棺椁的摆设呈这样是怎样一回事儿了吧。那好,现在就请大家跟随我走出地宫。
随着参观定陵的活动结束,我们今天的明十三陵之行也将近尾声了,相信大家一定都为这座巨大的帝王陵墓群而感叹,随着我国文物保护工作的不断开展,国家投入了大量的资金修缮明十三陵,这座规模宏大的帝王陵寝也将被永久的保存下去。同时,我也希望各位游客能对这里留下美好的印象,欢迎各位下次再来参观。
简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(四)
各位游客:
你们好,欢迎你们来到北京旅游,我是你们的导游。
十三陵是明朝十三代皇帝及皇后之陵墓的简称,在北京西北约44公里的昌平县天寿山下的小盆地上,面积约40平方公里。从德胜门驱车直下,向北经沙河、昌平就可到达十三陵了。
十三座墓陵的建筑布局、规制等基本相同,只在面积大小、建筑繁简等方面略有差异。其中明成祖朱棣所葬之墓——长陵,是十三陵中规模最大的。长陵建于明永乐十一年(1420xx年),陵内有主要建筑棱恩殿、明楼和宝顶。棱恩殿为我国现存形体最大的一座木结构建筑。定陵是明神宗朱翊均的安寝之地,是十三陵中唯一被发掘的陵墓,著名的十三陵地下宫殿就在这里。定陵修建于万历十二年(1584年),规模宏大,仅当年役使的军卒、工匠就达三万余人。地下宫殿的发掘,出土了大量珍贵的文物,成为研究明代历史的宝贵资料。另一座明陵——永陵,是明世宗朱厚聪的陵寝,其规模虽不及长陵,但构造精美细致,其主要建筑明楼,为十三陵建筑之冠。
十三陵除以上景点供游人观览外,还有著名的石牌楼(为我国最大的古石坊)及造型细腻、栩栩如生的石象生。1958年修建的十三陵水库,更给十三陵增添了新的光彩,成为夏季旅游的好去处。十三陵第九号皇陵——昭陵,也从1985年开始修复,1989年11月1日修复完毕,对外开放。十三陵为1961年国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。
明十三陵,世界文化遗产,全国重点文物保护单位,国家重点风景名胜区,国家AAAAA级旅游景区。
明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓,总面积一百二十余平方公里,距离天安门约五十公里。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵,到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止,其间230多年,先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。
明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中,陵区周围群山环抱,中部为平原,陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒,山明水秀,景色宜人。
这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵,到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止,其间230多年,先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。
十三座皇陵均依山而筑,分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上,形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为,这里是"风水"胜境,绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。
该陵园建于1409~1644年,距今已有300~500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里,是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时,于途中的沙河镇北,建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东,则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫,现仅存遗址。
景区简介
明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中,陵区周围群山环抱,中部为平原,陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒,山明水秀,景色宜人。
这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵,到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止,其间230多年,先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。
十三座皇陵均依山而筑,分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上,形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为,这里是"风水"胜境,绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。
该陵园建于1409~1644年,距今已有300~500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里,是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时,于途中的沙河镇北,建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东,则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫,现仅存遗址。[1]
地理位置
明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群,坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。
历史沿革
发展历史
明十三陵建于1409~1645年,陵区占地面积达40平方公里。
中华人民共和国成立后,政府为了保护这一文物古迹,从解放初期就开始进行维修,并将十三陵作为全国重点文物加以保护。
1957年,北京市政府公布十三陵为北京市第一批重点古建文物保护单位。
1961年,十三陵被公布为全国重点文物保护单位。
1982年,国务院公布八达岭-十三陵风景区为全国44个重点风景名胜保护区之一。
1991年,十三陵被国家旅游局确定为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。
1992年,十三陵被北京旅游世界之最评选委员会评为“是世界上保存完整埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。”
20xx年,明十三陵被列入《世界遗产目录》。
20xx年,国家旅游局批准明十三陵景区为国家5A级旅游景区。
20xx年7月1日,明十三陵优待券全面取消,所有游客均需购票参观。
名称由来
明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝陵墓的皇家陵寝的总称,依次建有长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗),故称十三陵。景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。
本段景点介绍
景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。
明长陵
明长陵位于天寿山主峰南麓,是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大,营建时间最早,地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵,也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。
长陵的陵宫建筑,占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分,由前后相连的三进院落组成。
第一进院落,前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑,面阔显五间,檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台,左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内,明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间,神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期,碑亭则保存至今。
第二进院落,前面设殿门一座,名为祾恩门。据《太常续考》等文献记载,天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”,殿门名之为“祾恩门”,始于嘉靖十七年(1538年),是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中,“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意,“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意,长陵棱恩门,为单檐歇山顶形制,面阔五间(通阔31.44米),进深二间(通深14.37米),正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式,其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状,与宋清做法皆不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道,稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额,书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制,为龙凤雕饰的望柱,和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下,各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美:下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌,海水中宝山矗立,两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾,追逐火珠,呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。
祾恩门两侧还各有掖门一座,均作随墙式琉璃花门,门上的斗拱、额枋,门顶的瓦饰、椽飞均为黄绿琉璃件组装,在红墙的映衬下格外分明。院内,北面正中位置建有高大巍峨的祾恩殿。这座大殿在明清两代,是用于供奉帝后神牌(牌位)和举行上陵祭祀活动的地方。
明定陵
明定陵是明代第十三位皇帝神宗显皇帝朱翊钧(年号万历)的陵墓。这里还葬有他的两个皇后。该陵坐落在大峪山下,位于长陵西南方,建于1584~1590年(万历十二年至万历十八年)。主要建筑有祾恩门、祾恩殿、宝城、明楼和地下宫殿等。占地1820xx平方米。它是十三陵中唯一一座被发掘了的陵墓。定陵地宫可供游人参观。
定陵早在万历帝生前就开始营建,万历十二年(公元1584年)开工,历时6年方完成,耗银八百万两。陵墓建成时皇帝只有28岁,直到1620xx年才正式启用。定陵成为十三陵中最大的三座陵园之一。它的地面建筑共占18万平方米,前有宽阔院落三进,后有高大宝城一座。陵正门前方是三卒汉白玉石桥。过了桥是高大的碑亭。亭周围有祠祭署、宰牲亭、定陵监等建筑物300多间。再往后就是陵园最外面的围墙-外罗城(围墙外的围墙)。
陵宫的总体布局亦呈前方后圆之形。其外围是一道将宝城、宝城前方院一包在内的“外罗城”。城内面积约18万平方米。清梁份《帝陵图说》对这道外城成做过这样的描述:“铺地墙基,其石皆文石,滑泽如新,微尘不能染。左右长垣琢为山水、花卉、龙凤、麒麟、海马、龟蛇之壮(状),莫不宛然逼肖,真巧夺天工也。”又谓:“覆墙黄同瓦瓦,刻砖为斗拱,檐牙玲珑嵌空,光莹如玉石。甲申之变,寸寸毁之,而不能尽毁也。”外罗城仅前部正当中轴线位置设宫门一座,即陵寝第一道门。其制,黄瓦、朱扉、设券门三道。
外罗城内,偏后部位为宝城。宝城之前,在外罗城内设有三进方形的院落。
第一进院落,前设单檐歇山顶式陵门一座,制如外罗城门,为陵寝第二道门,又称重门。其左右各设有随墙式掖门一道。院落之内无建筑设施,院落之前(外罗城之内)左侧建有神厨三间,右侧建有神库三间。
第二进院落,前墙之间设祾恩门。其制面阔五间(通阔26.47米),进深二间(通深11.46米),下承一层须弥座式台基。台基之上龙凤望柱头式的石栏杆及大小螭首设置齐备。前后还各设有三出踏跺式台阶。
第三进院落,前墙间建有陵园最主要的殿宇——祾恩殿。其形制为重檐顶,面阔七间(通阔50.6米),进深五间(通深28.1米),下承须弥座式台基一层,围栏雕饰同祾恩门。台基前部出有月台。月台前设三出踏跺式台阶,左右各设一出。殿有后门,故台基的后面亦设踏跺式台阶一出。其中,后面一出踏跺及月台前中间一出踏跺设有御路石雕。刻龙凤戏珠(左升龙,右降凤)及海水江牙图案。祾恩殿左右各设随墙式掖门一座。院内沿中轴线设有两柱牌楼门(棂星门)一座、石几筵一套。牌楼门的两柱作出头式,白石雕成、截面为方形,顶部雕坐龙,前后戗以石抱鼓。石几筵,由石供案和石供器组成。石供案作须弥座式,石供器由香炉(一座)、烛台(二座)、花瓶(二座)组成。形制如长、永等陵。
由于宝城的隧道门设于宝城墙的右前方,帝后棺椁在享殿(祾恩殿)内举行“安神礼”后,必须途经外罗城内能进入宝城的隧道门入葬玄宫,同时考虑到建筑设计的对称性,在第三进院落左右两墙又对称地设有随墙式掖门各一座。
此外,定陵外罗城之前,左侧还建有宰性亭、祠祭署,右侧建有神宫监、神马房等附属建筑。定陵卫的营房则建于昌平城内。其中,定陵祠祭署的建筑布局是,中为公座(办公用的正厅),后为官舍,前为门。神宫监有重门厅室,房屋多至300余间。
明昭陵
明昭陵位于大峪山东麓,是明朝第十二代皇帝穆宗庄皇帝朱载垕(年号隆庆)及其三位皇后的合葬陵寝。昭陵是十三陵中第一座大规模复原修葺的陵园,也是陵区正式开放的旅游景点之一。
昭陵陵园建筑面积为35000平方米,现存有完整的祾恩门、祾恩殿及其东西配殿,和方城、明楼、宝顶等。这里埋葬有明朝第十二帝穆宗朱载垕和他的三位皇后。
明朝灭亡后,昭陵先后遭到两次破坏。公元1644年,战乱中明楼遭火焚;清朝康熙三十四年(1695年)三月五日,大雨滂沱,雷电交加,陵恩殿和两庑配殿又遭雷击起火,陵卒拼命扑救,只救下了两庑配殿,陵恩殿被彻底烧毁。随着岁月的推移,到了乾隆年间,两庑配殿和陵恩门又相继残坏。乾隆五十至五十二年(1785-1787年),清政府为缓和民族矛盾,重新修葺明十三陵。昭陵也在修葺之中。从遗址分析,当时修葺的项目只有明楼、棱恩门、棱恩殿三项工程。这次重修,虽然使陵园制度稍趋完备,但却改变了原有建筑的规制。
明楼的斗拱,依明朝制度各陵均为上檐单翘重昂七踩斗拱,下檐重昂五踩斗拱。而修葺后的昭陵却变成了上下檐均为单翘单昂五踩斗拱。明楼内还增加了条石券顶。棱恩门、棱恩殿虽然重建时间数没有大的变动,但都缩小了尺度。棱恩殿,原制面阔五间(30.38米),进深四间(16.77米);清代重建后,面阔间数没有改变,尺度却缩小为23.3米。进深改为三间,尺度缩小为11.92米。棱恩门,原为面阔三间(18.44米),进深二间(8.04米);清代重建后面阔缩小为12.52米,进深缩小为6.77米。陵内的两庑配殿和陵前的神功圣德碑亭不仅没有重建,而且残垣断壁也被拆除。只在碑石周围旧亭基上修建了一周宇墙。此后,长达220xx年的时间里一直没有修缮。昔日壮丽的陵园建筑满目凄凉,只剩下残坏的明楼和陵墙了。
明永陵
明永陵位于阳翠岭南麓,是明朝第十一代皇帝世宗肃皇帝朱厚熜(年号嘉靖)及陈氏、方氏、杜氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。
永陵大约经过7-20xx年的经营,永陵营建大体告成。建成后的永陵与前七陵相较,确有两大独特之处。
首先,是规模宏大。在古代,陵园规模的大小,取决于陵园殿庑、明楼及宝城规则。按照《大明会典》的记载,永陵宝城直径为81丈,裬恩殿为重檐七间,左右配殿各九间,其规制仅次于长陵,而超过献、景、裕、茂、泰、康六陵制度。其裬恩门面阔五间则与长陵相等,其后仅定陵与之同制。
另外,永陵的方院和宝城之外,还有一道前七陵都没有的外罗城,其制“壮大,甃石之缜密精工,长陵规画之心思不及也”。外罗城之内,左列神厨,右列神库各五间,还仿照深宫永巷之制,建有东西长街。古人设计了外罗城,以便将皇妃们埋葬于外罗城之内,其布葬的位置则拟在宝山城之外,明楼之前,亦即明楼前左右宫墙之外,左右相向,依次而袝。后来,世宗的皇妃们的墓窒虽然没有按原议定的方案,修在外罗城内,但外罗城则按原定计划修建了。
明献陵
献陵是明朝第四位皇帝仁宗昭皇帝朱高炽(洪熙)和皇后张氏的陵寝,就位于天寿山西峰之下,长陵的旁边,目前封闭没有开放。
陵寝制度确实比较俭朴。其神道从长陵神道北五空桥北分出,长约1公里。途中建有单空石桥一座。路面为中铺城砖,两侧墁碎石为散水,十分俭朴。其朝向为南偏西200,占地仅4.2万平方米左右。其陵殿、两庑配殿、神厨均各为5间,而且都是单檐建筑;门楼(祾恩门)则仅为3间;城下券门改为更简单的直通前后的形式。照壁则因之不设于券洞内而设于方城之后,墓冢之前。上登明楼的礓石察 量路则改为设于宝城之内的方城左右两侧。由于献陵陵制不追求奢华,所以,前人在述及明陵时有“献陵最朴,景陵最小”之说,它为此后的明陵建筑树立了楷模。
明献陵还有一个特点,这就是祾恩殿和方城明楼在院落上彼此不相连属。前面以祾恩殿为主,建有一进院落,殿前左右建两庑配殿和神帛炉。院的正门,是祾恩门,也即陵园的大门,门前出大月台,院后设单座门一道。后面以宝城、明楼为主,前出一进院落。院内建两柱棂星门、石供案。院门为三座单檐歇山顶的琉璃花门。二院之间,隔一座小土山(影壁山)。
明庆陵
明庆陵,位于北京昌平天寿山陵内黄山寺二岭南麓,是明朝第十四代皇帝光宗贞皇帝朱常洛(年号泰昌)和皇后郭氏、王氏、刘氏的合葬陵寝。
庆陵的地下玄宫自天启元年(公元1620xx年)三月定穴营建,七月二十九日合龙门,历时四个月,耗帑银150万两。且工程质量精细,除玄宫全部用石料外,其“后、中、前殿”,有“重门相隔”。天启六年(公元1620xx年)地面建筑完工。其陵园建筑由神道、陵宫及陵宫外附属建筑三部分组成。神道上建单空石桥一座。近陵处建神功圣德碑亭遗作,亭内竖碑,螭首龟跌,无字。
陵宫建筑总体布局呈前方后圆形状,占地约2.76万平方米。前面有两进方院,彼此不相连接,在二进院落之间有神道相连,并于第一进院落后建单空石桥三座。第一进院落,以祾恩门为陵门,单檐歇山顶,面阔三间。院内建祾恩殿及左右配殿,各五间。神帛炉两座。第二进院落,前设三座门,内建两柱牌楼门及石供案,案上摆放石质香炉一,驻泰、花瓶各二,方院之后为圆形宝城,在宝城入口处建有方形城台,城台之上建重檐歇山式明楼。楼内竖圣号碑,上刻“大明”“光宗贞皇帝之陵”。明楼后宝城内满填黄土,中央夯筑上小下大的圆柱形体为宝顶,底部直径约28米。冢前拦土墙与宝城墙等高,并与宝城城台及两侧墙体围成一个平面近于“月牙”形状的院落——哑巴院,院内有随墙式琉璃照壁。零工外还有一些附属建筑,如宰牲亭、神厨、神库、祠祭署、神宫监、朝房、果园、榛厂、神马房等。
明茂陵
明茂陵,位于裕陵右侧的聚宝山下,是明朝第八代皇帝宪宗纯皇帝朱见深(年号成化)和王氏、纪氏、邵氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。
位于裕陵右侧的聚宝山下,是明朝第八帝宪宗纯皇帝朱见深(年号成化)和王氏、纪氏、邵氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。
茂陵的建筑在清初时保存尚好,而且祾恩殿内的陈设也保存较多。顾炎武《昌平山水记》记载顺治、康熙年间茂陵的情况是: “十二陵惟茂陵独完,他陵或仅存御榻,茂陵则簨虡之属犹有存者。”至清朝末年,祾恩门因年久失修已经倒塌,民国年间祾恩殿本已残坏,又被拆毁。其现状情况同裕陵。
明康陵
明康陵,位于金岭(又名莲花山或八宝莲花山)东麓,是明朝第十代皇帝武宗毅皇帝朱厚照(年号正德)和皇后夏氏的合葬陵寝。
建陵用时1年,总体布局沿袭前制,呈前方后圆形状。该陵建于正德十六年(1520xx年),占地2.7万平方米。明末,康陵曾遭到烧毁,在清朝乾隆年间,曾被整修。
明景陵
明景陵,位于天寿山东峰(又名黑山)之下,是明朝第五代皇帝宣宗章皇帝朱瞻基(年号宣德)与皇后孙氏的合葬陵寝。
其神道从长陵神道北五空桥南向东分出,长约1.5公里,途中建单空石桥一座。陵宫朝向为南偏西55o,占地约2.5万平方米。宝城因地势修成前方后圆的修长形状。前面的二进方院和后面的宝城连成一体。中轴线上依次修建祾恩门、祾恩殿、三座门、棂星门、石供案、方城、明楼等建筑。
景陵内的祾恩殿台基,仍是嘉靖年间改建后的遗物。从遗存的明代殿宇檐柱柱础石分布可以看出,该殿原制面阁五间(31.34米),进深三间(16.9米),后有抱厦一间(面阔8.1米,进深4.03米),前面的御路石雕二龙戏珠图案,比献陵一色云纹,显得更为精致壮观。
祾恩门、祾恩殿的台基上还有清代改建后遗留的柱础石。神功圣德碑亭仅存石碑及台基。
明泰陵
明泰陵,位于笔架山东南麓,这里又称“施家台”,或“史家山”,是明朝第九代皇帝孝宗敬皇帝朱佑樘(年号弘治)及皇后张氏的合葬陵寝。
泰陵陵事的筹划是在明孝宗去世之后。《明武宗实录》记载,武宗即位后,即着手筹办孝宗丧事。礼部左侍郎李杰、钦天监监副倪谦和司礼监太监戴义对武宗说:“茂陵西面有个叫施家台的地方,是个建陵的吉地,大行皇帝的陵寝可以在那营建。”工科右给事中许天锡也向武宗建议,派廷臣中精通风水术的人,前去复视一次。他还提议:“如有疑,亟移文江西等处。广求术士,博访名山,务得主势之强,风气之聚,水土之深、穴法之正、力量之全,如宋儒朱熹所云着,庶可安奉神灵,为国家祈天永命之助。”礼部亦赞成这个提议。于是,武宗命太监扶安、李兴、覃观及礼部右侍郎王华等人前往施家台看视,最后确定在那里营建孝宗陵寝。
弘治十八年六月五日,陵园正式兴工,并定陵名为泰陵。太监李兴、新宁伯谭佑、工部左侍郎李鐩提督工程,五军都督府及三大营官军上万人供役,历时四月,玄宫落成,于该年十月十九日午刻将孝宗葬入陵内。正德元年(1520xx年)三月二十二日,陵园的地面建筑也全部告成。
泰陵在清康熙时有的建筑即已残坏。《帝陵图说》记泰陵祾恩门情况,“今左右两门坏,垒石以塞门”。此后,清乾隆五十至五十二年(1785-1787年)陵园建筑曾经修葺,修葺情况除三座门由琉璃花门改建成砖砌冰盘檐式门楼外,余同茂陵。其现状较茂陵残坏最为严重。
明朝弘治皇帝朱佑樘还是中国封建社会皇帝中唯一一个只有一个女人的皇帝。
折叠明德陵
明德陵位于潭峪岭西麓,是明朝第十五代皇帝熹宗折皇帝朱由校(年号天启)和皇后张氏的合葬陵寝。
熹宗朱由校,光宗长子,万历三十三年(公元1620xx年)十一月十四日生。泰昌元年(公元1620xx年)九月六日即皇帝位,次年改元天启。天启七年(公元1620xx年)八月二十二日去世,谥“达天阐道敦孝笃友章文襄武靖穆庄勤zhe皇帝”,享年23岁。崇祯元年(公元1620xx年)三月八日葬德陵。文献记载:熹宗“性至巧,多艺能,尤喜营造”。他曾操斧斤锯凿,自制小楼阁,“雕镂精绝,即巧工亦莫能及”。干得高兴时,甚至解衣裸体,随地盘坐。他“不爱成器,不惜天物”,随意拆改,以供片时之乐。
皇后张氏,熹宗原配。河南祥符人,太康伯张国纪之女。天启元年(公元1620xx年)四月被册立为皇后。崇祯十七年(公元1644年)李自成农民军入城时自缢。南明弘光朝为她上尊谥“孝哀皇后”。顺治元年(公元1644年),清朝王朝将她葬入德陵。
明裕陵
位于天寿山西峰石门山南麓,是明朝第六位皇帝英宗朱祁镇和皇后钱氏、周氏的合葬陵寝。
明英宗朱祁镇,宣宗长子。宣德二年(1420xx年)十一月十一日生,三年(1420xx年)二月六日立为皇太子,十年(1435年)正月十日即皇帝位,次年改元正统。
天顺八年(1464年)正月十七日,英宗去世,谥“法天立道仁明诚敬昭文宪武至德广孝睿皇帝”。临终遗诏止殉,结束了宫人殉葬的残酷制度。五月,陵寝玄宫建成,八月,英宗葬裕陵。
孝庄睿皇后钱氏,英宗元配,海州人,都指挥佥事(后封安昌伯)钱贵女。正统七年(1442年)立为皇后。十四年(1449年),英宗被瓦剌部所俘,为迎英宗回朝,她把自己宫中的全部资财输出,每天悲哀地呼天号地,祈求神灵保佑英宗。累了就就地而卧,以致伤残了一条腿。终日哭泣,又哭瞎了一只眼睛。
宪宗即位,尊为皇太后,加“慈懿”徽号。成化四年(1468年)六月二十六日,钱氏病故。谥“孝庄献穆弘惠显仁恭天钦圣睿皇后”。九月四日葬裕陵。
孝肃后周氏,宪宗生母,昌平州文宁里柳林村(今属北京市海淀区)人,锦衣卫千户追封庆云侯赠宁国公周能的女儿。正统十二年(1447年)生宪宗皇帝,天顺元年(1457年)册封为贵妃。宪宗即位,尊为皇太后。成化二十三年(1487年)加尊号“圣慈仁寿”。孝宗即位后,尊为太皇太后。弘治十七年(1520xx年)三月一日去世,谥“孝肃贞顺康懿光烈辅天承圣太皇太后”。四月十八日葬裕陵。
明思陵
思陵约建于1642年,本是思宗宠妃田贵妃之妃园寝。明朝灭亡后,李自成命人将明思宗及皇后周氏合葬于田贵妃之墓,为拢络人心并改名思陵,使思陵成为明十三陵中唯一一座帝后与妃嫔合葬之陵,而相较于明朝诸陵,思陵的规模也较小。思陵附近亦有明思宗贴身太监王承恩陪葬墓,清顺治帝、康熙帝亦曾为王承恩立碑以嘉许其贞忠殉主。
清朝灭亡后,思陵屡逢劫难,残毁十分严重。地下墓室曾先后两次被当地土匪盗发。1947年,国民党军队为修炮楼,又大规模地拆毁陵园地面建筑。思陵已是满目凄凉,只有坟冢、楼殿遗址、石雕五供、碑石作为珍贵文物保存下来。
中华人民共和国成立后,国家十分重视文物保护工作,思陵得到应有保护。明思陵,虽然没有金碧辉煌的殿宇楼台,但古陵残碑,松涛阵阵,仍别有一番意境。特别是残存下来的石雕艺术品,构思奇妙,雕工精细。
陪葬陵墓
明十三陵的陪葬墓共有8座,其中7座妃子(太子)墓,1座太监墓。
分别是:
东井、西井:一说是明成祖十六妃殉葬墓,一说是明成祖昭献贵妃王氏和昭顺贤妃喻氏的陪葬墓,期待考古发掘的考证。
万娘坟:即“万贵妃墓”,葬明宪宗皇贵妃万氏。
悼陵:即“世宗三妃墓”,俗称大宫。葬明世宗的皇贵妃沈氏、文贵妃、卢靖妃。
世宗贤妃墓:即“世宗六妃、二太子墓”或“四妃、二太子墓”。葬明世宗的郑贤妃、皇贵妃阎氏、皇贵妃王氏、周贵妃、杨荣妃、马贞妃、哀冲太子、庄敬太子。
郑贵妃墓:葬明神宗的皇贵妃郑氏。
神宗四妃墓:葬明神宗的皇贵妃李氏(即李敬妃)、李顺妃、周端妃、刘昭妃(即宣懿太妃)。
王承恩墓:葬明思宗崇祯皇帝的心腹太监王承恩。
神路
明十三陵神路神路是明十三陵的第一个景点,由石牌坊,大红门,碑楼,石象生,龙凤门等组成。
石牌坊
明十三陵 石牌坊为陵区前的第一座建筑物,建于1540年(嘉靖十九年)。牌坊结构为五楹、六柱、十一楼,全部用汉白玉雕砌,在额枋和柱石的上下,刻有龙、云图纹及麒麟、狮子等浮雕。这些图纹上原来曾饰有各色彩漆,因年代久远,现已剥蚀净尽。整个牌坊结构恢宏,雕刻精美,反映了明代石质建筑工艺的卓越水平。
过了石牌坊,即可看到在神道左、右有两座小山。东为龙山(也叫蟒山),形如一条奔越腾挪的苍龙;西为虎山(俗称虎峪),状似 一只伏地警觉的猛虎。中国古代道教有“左青龙,右白虎”为祥瑞之兆的传 说,“龙”、“虎”分列左右,威严地守卫着十三陵的大门。
大红门
神路景点(2)大红门坐落于陵区的正南面,门分三洞,又名大宫门,为陵园的正门。大门两旁原各竖一通石碑,上刻"官员人等至此下马"字样。凡是前来祭陵的人,都必须从此步入陵园,以显示皇陵的无上尊严。大门两侧原设有两个角门,并连接着长达80华里的红色围墙。在蜿蜒连绵的围墙中,另设有一座小红门和十个出入口,均派有重兵驻守,是百姓不可接近的禁地。现在这些围墙都早已坍塌,有些残迹尚依稀可辨。
大红门后的大道,叫神道,也称陵道。起于石牌坊,穿过大红门,一直通向长陵,原为长陵而筑,但后来便成了全陵区的主陵道了。该道纵贯陵园南北,全长7公里,沿线设有一系列建筑物,错落有致,蔚为壮观。
碑亭
位于神道中央,是一座歇山重檐、四出翘角的高大方形亭楼,为长陵所建。亭内竖有龙首龟趺石碑一块,高6米多。上题"大明长陵神功圣德碑",碑文长达3500多字,是明仁宗朱高炽撰文,明初著名书法家程南云所书。该碑碑文作于1420xx年(洪熙元年),碑石却是1435年(宣德十年)才刻成的。在碑阴面还刻有清代乾隆皇帝写的《哀明陵十三韵》。碑文详细记录了长、永、定、思诸陵的残破情况。碑东侧是清廷修明陵的花费记录。西侧是嘉庆帝论述明代灭亡的原因。 碑亭四隅立有4根白石华表,其顶部均蹲有一只异兽,名为望天犭孔。华表和碑亭相互映衬,显得十分庄重浑厚。 在碑亭东侧,原建有行宫,为帝后前来祀陵时的更衣处,现已无存。
石雕群
是陵前放置的石雕人、兽,古称石像生(石人又称翁仲)。从碑亭北的两根六角形的石柱起,至龙凤门止的千米神道两旁,整齐地排列着24只石兽和12个石人,造型生动,雕刻精细,深为游人所喜爱。其数量之多,形体之大,雕琢之精,保存之好,是古代陵园中罕见的。 石兽共分6种,每种4只,均呈两立两跪状。将它们陈列于此,赋有一定含义。例如,雄狮威武,而且善战;獬豸为传说中的神兽,善辨忠奸,惯用头上的独角去顶触邪恶之人。狮子和獬豸均是象征守陵的卫士。麒麟,为传说中的"仁兽",表示吉祥之意。骆驼和大象,忠实善良,并能负重远行。骏马善于奔跑,可为坐骑。 石人分勋臣、文臣和武臣,各4尊,为皇帝生前的近身侍臣,均为拱手执笏的立像,威武而虔诚。 在皇陵中设置这种石像生,早在两千多年前的秦汉时期就有了。主要起装饰点缀作用,以象征皇帝生前的仪威,表示皇帝死后在阴间也拥有文武百官及各种牲畜可供驱使,仍可主宰一切。
棂星门
棂星门又叫龙风门。由四根石柱构成三个门洞,门柱类似华表,柱上有云板、异兽。在三个门额枋上的中央部分,还分别饰有一颗石雕火珠,因而该门又称“火焰牌坊”。龙凤门西北侧,原建有行宫,是帝后祭陵时的歇息之处。
简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(五)
明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山,因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此,故称十三陵。明十三陵自永乐年间建长陵至今已有近620xx年的历史,它用一条总神道、一座石牌坊、一组石像生,把整个陵区联系在了一起,形成了一个整体,是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝较多的帝王陵墓群。
明永乐年间,明成祖朱棣的皇后徐氏去世,朱棣命礼部尚书和一名江西术士前往北京一代卜选陵址。大概两年后,选中了今昌平区康家庄楼子营一带。这一带青山环抱,绿水长流。北面的“龙脉”奔腾而来,气势磅礴。至此三峰并峙,山前一马平川,蟒山绕其左,虎峪踞其右。外围重峦叠嶂,如“万骑簇拥,千官侍从”。正是风水理论中的“山川大聚”之势,真正只有帝王才配享用的宝地。朱棣亲临阅视后十分满意,封其山为“万寿山”,选择吉日,动工兴建。永乐十?
篇11:2024上海城隍庙的导游词
各位游客:大家好!
欢迎来到上海城隍庙参观,我是这里的x导游,希望能在后面的讲解中给大家的游览带来很好的帮助。
上海立县之前,在镇西约 6 里处的淡井里,有一座华亭城隍行殿,俗称淡井庙。建县后经过一百五十余年,明永乐年间 (1403—1424)才将方洪北岸原金山神庙加以扩充,改为上海县城隍庙。相传,城隍是道家保护城池的神,同时也庇佑着市民,城隍庙是地方神的祭祀之地,城隍神则多为生前有惠于民的清官良吏,以期其殁后也能为民“御大灾、捍大患”。上海城隍庙其前身原为金山神主、西汉大司马霍光神祠,故今庙内前殿仍由霍光坐镇,后殿供奉上海城隍神秦裕伯,民间俗称“一庙二城隍”,国内罕见。
位于城隍庙西北面的沉香阁,原由豫园主人潘允端所建。潘允端于明万历二十八年(1600年)督办漕运疏浚淮河打捞沉船时觅得一尊精美观音佛像,甚为喜欢,又于当夜梦见其母嘱托,即派人护送佛像回上海建阁供奉。因佛像由名贵海琼水沉香木雕制,芳香十分浓郁,故名“沉香阁”(据考,该佛像系隋代大业年间南洋赤土国回赠隋炀帝之礼,在淮河中遇风浪沉没,已卧伏河底近千年)。明代之后,沉香阁迁址重建,曾改名为“慈云禅寺”,拥有丛林寺院规模,与龙华、静安、玉佛三大名刹齐名今沉香观音虽非原像,但仍形神兼具、仪态万方,为佛中珍品,香火终日兴盛。阁内现还开设尼众班,已成为全国最大的比丘尼寺院之一。
明代豫园为沪上重要的传统旅游胜地,享有“奇秀甲于东南”之誉。该园由明代进士、曾任四川布政史的上海籍人士潘允端于 1559年(明嘉靖38年)始建,有“愉悦双亲”之意。初占地 70余亩,曾盛极一时,后几经战乱,现尚存30余亩。园中布局精致、景色宜人。亭台楼阁参差错落,曲经回廊交相掩映,池水萦绕与假山怀抱,名贵花木与奇石争辉,尽显“江南名园”之风范,并留有清代上海著名“小刀会”起义的遗址。
篇12:简单的北京龙庆峡导游词
各位游客:
妫水河位于延庆县八达岭以北十余公里处,它源自群峰环绕的松山自然保护区,东穿龙庆峡宛转出山,至金牛山西折,经妫川绕康西草原流入官厅湖,迤俪百余华里,早在1520xx年前,北魏郦道元曾亲临勘察,并在《水经注》中写下一节优美的文字;金元两代帝王耽迷其山光水色,銮舆而来,驻骅不去;明清时期这里已成了旅游胜地,雅士名流纷沓而至,赞叹之辞传诵一时,妫河之秀尽在两湖之间,上游金牛山下的金牛湖如龙首引妫水西去,下游妫水湖似龙尾,中间的妫水如游龙,水流迂回宛约,环境清幽,风光秀美,宛如江南。
妫水河,永定河支流,古称沧河、清夷水、清水河,流域分部在北京市延庆县区内。发源于延庆县城东北13公里处,横贯延庆盆地,在下屯乡大路村北入官厅水库后入永定河,河长18.5公里,宽75米至250米,流域面积1073.6平方公里。
妫水河,古称沧河、清夷水、清水河,为境内河,属于永定河水系。发源于北京市延庆县城东北13公里处
,南流至永宁镇小庄科与新华营河汇合向西横贯延庆盆地,沿途有9条支流汇入,在下屯乡大路村
北入官厅水库后入永定河,河长18.5公里,宽75米至250米,流域面积1073.6平方公里。
古城河,妫水河支流,属永定河水系,发源于海坨山东麓靳家堡乡后河一带,东南流经古城村西于香村营村入妫水河,主河道长23.5公里,平均河宽44.3米至75米,流域面积129平方公里。河谷狭窄,两岸多陡壁,是为龙庆峡。上游有裂隙泉多处,常年可为河道补水。依山筑坝,建有古城水库。
佛峪口河,妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于海坨山南麓张山营镇西大庄科村,向南流经西卓家营村西南入官厅水库,全长14公里,平均河宽144米,流域面积63平方公里,上游为茂密森林,植被好,有泉水汇入,河道常年有水。山口修坝,建有佛峪口水库。
蔡家河,妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于靳家堡乡丁家堡一带,向南流到延庆农场西人妫水河,河长8.5公里,流域面积79.5平方公里,属于延庆城关西北部排水河道。
西二道河,季节河,为妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于二道河乡莲花滩一带,北流经二道河乡后于大榆树乡陈家营附近人妫水河,全长11.8公里,流域面积45.8公里。
小张家口河,季节河,为妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于八达岭北麓大榆树乡小张家口一带,向北流经延庆镇莲花池村西后人妫水河,全长9公里,流域面积25平方公里。
西拨子河, 季节河,为妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于八达岭镇西拨子一带,流经下屯乡小王家堡、小丰营村后于大路村东人妫水河,全长11公里,流域面积48平方公里。
帮水峪河, 季节河,为妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于八达岭镇石峡一带,向北流经帮水峪、西桑园村后人妫水河,全长15公里,流域面积84平方公里。
三里河 ,妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于延庆镇唐家堡一带,向南流经上水磨村于西关村附近人妫水河,全长6.5公里,流域面积11.6平方公里。
养鹅池河, 妫水河支流,属永定河水系。发源于康庄镇养鹅池附近,流经小曹营、大王庄村,于大王庄村西约3公里处人妫水河,全长5公里,流域面积12.8平方公里。
早在1520xx年前,北魏郦道元曾亲临勘察,并在《水经注》中写下一节优美的文字;金元两代帝王耽迷其山光水色,銮舆而来,驻骅不去;明清时期这里已成了旅游胜地,雅士名流纷沓而至,赞叹之辞传诵一时。妫河之秀尽在两湖之间。上游金牛山下的金牛湖如龙首引妫水西去,下游妫水湖似龙尾,中间的妫水如游龙。水流迂回宛约,环境清幽,风光秀美,宛如江南。
妫河被称为东方莱茵河,没有受到人为的破坏和污染基本保持了原有的风貌。最令人神往的是妫河漂流。乘一叶小舟,由纤夫牵至出河口,然后顺流而下,可前呼后应你追我赶,也可慢桨青篙,任小舟自己飘荡。 30华里水路,100多玩道,沿途有金牛湖、金牛山、暖泉口、官营湾、荻花滩、柳林激水等美景,处处令人流连不舍,使人产生无穷遐思。
妫水,古水名。关于妫水,古文献记载较多。《史记》曰:"舜居妫汭,内行弥谨。"《魏土地记》:"妫州有妫水,水源于城中,外城有舜井,城北有历山,山上有庙。"《尚书·尧典》曰:"舜厘降二女于妫汭,嫔于虞。"《旧唐书·地理志·妫州》曰:"隋涿郡之怀戎县,贞观八年改名妫州,取妫水为名。"《陈杞世家》记载:"舜为庶人时,尧妻之二女,居于妫汭。"唐《括地志》记载:"妫州有妫水,源出城中,耆旧传云即尧厘降二女于妫汭之所。"《山海经》记载:"妫,水名,舜之居地也……舜为庶人,尧妻之二女,居于妫汭。"……
妫汭有多种的解说,有人说指妫水与汭水两条河,有人说指妫水弯曲处。或说在山西,或说在怀来与延庆。1983年出版的《现代汉语词典》解释:妫:水名,在河北。汭:河流会合或弯曲的地方。妫汭:即妫水弯曲的地方。
对炎、黄、尧、舜文化做过专门研究的张家口文史作家曲辰在他与任昌华二人合著的《黄帝与中华文明》一书阐述:"潘城为尧、舜时都城,舜之故乡,其西北三里有历山即舜之为民时耕耘处,斯山不仅有舜庙,而且有尧庙及瞽叟祠。唐尧、虞舜庙在一处,以尧庙为主、居上,舜庙次之,居下;瞽叟祠另建在一处,为舜之家祠。在潘城中,潘泉处于城西南的城墙角下,出泉之水即妫水,妫水东北流经城中拐弯处,即妫汭--《山海经》所记之两女子居,水周之,一曰居一门中,的女子国。"上古时的国一般指城,有城墙的都为国,城即国。
篇13:上海最新导游词开场白
海湾旅游区成立于1998年9月,其名从新海公社(筹)、奉新乡、奉新镇易名而得。该区地处上海市奉贤区南缘的杭州湾畔,拥有海岸线13.7千米,总面积为17.2平方千米,下辖1个行政村和2个居民委员会。
这里有名闻遐迩的“海湾国际风筝放飞场”,故被誉为“风筝之乡”,有国家4A级景区碧海金沙,有逶迤千米的滨海观光大道,有一流标准的棕榈滩高尔夫球场,有情趣高雅的马术俱乐部,有杭州湾独此一隅的天然铁板沙,有人才荟萃的大学园区,有上海最大的欧美风格的海景别墅群,有上海第一个滨海索道滑水世界杯竞赛场,有上海最大的滨海音乐喷泉,有风格独特的东海观音寺,有上海最古老的清代水利保护文物华亭东石塘,有包畹蓉中国京剧服饰艺术馆和六小龄童艺术馆为代表的文化一条街,以及1号营地艺术区等。美轮美奂的景点,加之每年举行的传统品牌节庆活动,如风筝节、马术节、龙舟赛,以及“春天赶海、夏天闹海、秋天嬉海、冬天拜海”等,为海湾休闲旅游的氛围增添了浓郁的色彩。
近年来,海湾旅游区又获得了诸多的荣誉,其中国家级的荣誉有:海湾女子民兵哨所获得了“全国三八红旗集体”、碧海金沙获得了国家4A级景区称号、海湾旅游区获得了“20xx‘美丽中国’十佳海洋旅游目的地”称号等。
海滨观光大道,新修筑的防洪大道,全长2.6公里,宽13.5米,设有古朴典雅的街灯,与腰齐高的观潮墙。
华亭东石塘,始筑于清雍正三年,全长20余公里,宛若小长城。
中国上海国际风筝放飞场,国内第一个国家体委命名的国际风筝放飞场,每年都有举办国际国内风筝比赛。
贝壳自然保护区,海滨观光大道外侧的大片滩涂上有近20多类贝壳海鲜。
上海市奉贤国防教育基地,有中国人民解放军赠送的军舰、飞机、坦克、大炮等退役军用设备。
海鲜一条街,全长408米,整条街面向杭州湾,下侧就是渔船码头,不仅能让游客尝购海鲜,而且街口的观海塔、街上的仿欧建筑和几座大型荷兰风车也会为旅行增添无限情趣。
垂钓中心:区内有近267公顷淡水、海水养殖场,设有海钓、塘钓等项目。
篇14:上海景点导游词英文参考
as is known to all, the silk road into xinjiang, south, north is dividedinto three sections, the word. and of every faith scenery lets a person miandthoughtful. therefore, it is the silk road trip to travel.
brief introduction of the first description: xinjiang is located in chinasnorthwest border regions in china, also called, the second-largest pasture,ecological environment. north of continental climate, the winters are long andhard, summer, autumn season and hot chirp is not obvious, relatively strong,solar radiation temperature changes. so remind everybody must pay attention toprevent bask in the night and temperature is too big and prepare appropriateclothes. meanwhile, xinjiang has the advantageous sunshine, light, heat andplanting trees and the crops of thermophilic melon, improve sugar accumulation.so a luscious taste the melon and fruit in xinjiang.
our first stop was the urumqi. it is the farthest from the oceans of theworld cities, capital of xinjiang uygur autonomous region, meaning "beautiful",but also the ranch along. we recommend the attraction is the natural pasture,carefree nanshan pasture flocks, paolo maldini, compose in green grassland,spruce, combining the deep valley, and a 20 meters high, the waterf-all. hereyou can live on the shores of the zhanfang, taste herdsmen nang, dairy products,roast lamb kebabs, zhuafan hand, etc. bake complete sheep is a choice jieyangsurrounding xinjiang, or under the age of two lambs as raw materials, to fatwith flour and entrails, feet, salt water, eggs, pepper, alone powder evenlyinto paste, in the whole body, then add the sheep are soaking pit, nang bakeuntil cooked. baked sheep, golden oil, fragrance waft through the meat,delicious! you can rent a horse galloping on the kazakh nomads, acrothe vastgrassland of the thick forest. also can realize kazak ethnic customs: racingnomads, thanks to the sheep, chasing girls. urumqi seasons all appropriate, eachhave different seasons.
our second station is well known in turpan: its very hot and dry thelowest place. is extremely arid region unique ecological environment and therepresentatives of the oasis civilization. you may have noticed that a foot onthis land, and we are the only dry! the sun is so frankly, the bakingtemperature has reached 50 to 60 degrees celsius, i.e., steaming eggs. you alsodont too boring, let us imagine a pleasant trip to the sauna. first, we went tothe fire, the authors of shanxi, surrounded by the farmhouse here, secludedspot, vines with green, a very cool and refreshing and comfortable come, here isthe "huozhou" summer in heaven. in these grape, as long as the timbrel rang, menand women will be averted dance. believe that everyone heard that song familiar"to", covering your journey has a small talk "uncle"? how does not show guide sonow you for it.
small guide a bit embarrassed, here but dance, unexpectedly township inhere, please everybody to me. now please follow me to visit the shadow ofraisins for washing room. raised my hand against the grapes can be picked youcant decapitation, later will have to taste the free of grapes, let everybodyfan.
to see the city will be kanerjing, it is spots with wall, thebeijing-hangzhou grand canal and called chinas three projects, it is the sourceof life of the local people. because it is in the ground, also very cool andrefreshing and comfortable.
now we came to the tomb asidana - hara and is, there are many rooms vividfresco, lifelike lifelike, still have the "turpan documents", it is the currentinternational academic research foundation of words - turpan. because theclimate is hot dry form natural germ-free environment, so the dead bodies andobjects, although calendar millennium items without corruption, the body is dueto rapid dehydrate and formed the pyramids in egypt mummy "than" also mummifiedcorpses of exotic, some even seems visible eyes eyelash.
now we reached the place, also is the hami melon is executed. two thousandyears ago, here is the han dynasty zhangqian first opened the silk roadfortress, known as "the macroscopic throats, western". as the saying goes, "theeast sea crab hami melons as shrimp," beauty of hami words cant express. silkroad and the grassland culture were also it nurture...
millions of years ago cengfanhua noisy here, all the time, the flowers arecirculation of vast desert mysterious buried. numerous archaeological explorershave again and again into a history to touch, the dust, touch the soul ofhundreds of years ago. loulan ancient site actually is the capital of kingdom ".have luobubo beside the river, clear. after the han and the tarim river waterdiverted, though, because human resource and spent a cross-sectional noteglacier diversion into loulan, but soon, the time of ancient lou-lan and wastewater. from ancient lou-lan died in history!
篇15:上海南京路导游词范文
鲁迅先生说,地上本没有路,走的人多了,便成了路。但路形成之后,配上各种服务设施,人们自然会聚集而来。
在南京路的两侧,有四百多家商店,其中最有名的商店,餐馆都集中在和平饭店和第一百货商店之间。例如上海最在的书店、食品商店、服装商店以及著名的广东、四川、北京餐馆都在这里。各位请看车子的两侧,华联商厦和上海服装商店以经营款式新颖的一流服装闻名,备受女青年的青睐。上海人讲究穿着,下如你们所看到的那样,街上行人的服装各异,犹如在进行时装表演。快!请看!那里有一位穿着旗袍的女士,”旗袍”两边开衩是中国的传统服装,我们团中富有魅力的女士,穿旗袍是很适合的。这种大胆开放的裙服,在日本穿着一定会引起男士的注目。旗袍,在友谊商店和宾馆商场里均有出售。
请看车子的左前方,聚集许多人的地方是著名的北京餐馆”燕云楼”,你们知道为什么那里会有那么多人?因为那里将举行结婚宴席,要拍照的请备好相机,我请师傅放慢车速。你们看,胸前别着红花,在门口恭候客人光临的是新郎新娘。在中国法定结婚年龄为男的22岁,女的20岁。人们自由恋爱,结婚通常有做媒介绍九自由恋爱两种。自由恋爱结婚者占绝大多数。
各位朋友,进入南京路之后,我们见到了形形色色的各种人:他们当中有边吃冰淇淋边逛街的外地人,有身穿旗袍的时髦小姐女郎……可你们注意到没有,像那种装束打扮的老大爷,你们看,就是站在那儿戴着白帽,身穿黄衣服,手拿小红旗的老大爷,他究竟是干什么的呢?大家知道吗?我想来个有奖竞猜游戏,请大家参加。
小林先生,请您谈谈。噢,您说他是在街头做买卖的。那么,村上先生你以为他是干什么的?
是在街头做商品宣传的。看来,你们都说得不对,下面我们请一位女士来猜谜。山口美智子小姐,您说呢?“指导交通秩序的管理人员。”对了,她猜对了,我们为了感谢他们的协助,分别给他们发一、二、三、等奖。
各位,我们马上就要进入南京西路了,在车子的右侧,那幢高楼是上海第一百货商店。第一百货商店是中国最大的商店之一,商品种类有3万多。在这里,一天购物者约有20万人之多。实行了经济改革和开放政策以来,中国人的生活水平提高了。俗语说,”百闻不如一见,”请大家好好看看领略一番。
南京路是中国人追求最新时尚,富裕的生活和进行较高消费的场所。总之,这条路反映了上海人民的经济、文化和精神生活的各个方面。甚至有人说不到南京路,等于没来过上海,难道你们不觉得是这样吗?
国际饭店到了,大家领略了南京路白天的景色风情,一定很想知道迷人的南京路夜景---上海的不夜城。在此我且不说,晚饭后大家可以到南京路上散步,自己慢慢地品味吧!
今天,各位辛苦了,谢谢大家。
篇16:上海景点法语导游词
Chers voyageurs et amis,
Bonjour tout le monde!
Zui Bai Chi est situé sur la route Renmin Sud, district de Songjiang,Shanghai. Il a été construit en 1644. Cest le lieu de chant de Dong Qichang,peintre de la dynastie Ming. Cest aussi un lieu de visite pour lescélébrités.Gu dashenjian, Chef du Ministère du travail de la septième année durègne de Shunzhi dans la dynastie Qing (1650 A.D.).Zui Bai Chi est célèbre dansle livre de Su Shi intitulé zui Bai Tang, qui dit que le Premier Ministre HanQimu, poète de la dynastie Tang Bai Juyi, a construit zui Bai Tang Tang TangTang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang Tang TangTang Tang Tang TangGu Dashen est bon à la peinture, à la poésie et à la prose.Il aime aussi la musique de Bai Juyi et prend "zui Bai" comme nom de piscine etde jardin.
Lensemble du jardin couvre une superficie de 80 mu et est divisé en deuxparties: le jardin intérieur et le jardin extérieur. Le jardin extérieur estnouvellement construit et le jardin intérieur est original.Le Jardin intérieurest lessence de lensemble du jardin, les cours se rejoignent, les pavillons etles terrasses sont décalés, les couloirs sont bouclés, qinghongxiu.Hall, Xuan,pavillon, bateau, pavillon et étang forment le groupe principal de b?timents, ycompris la salle dherbe sur létang, la Cour Magnolia, la salle de sculpture,la salle à quatre faces, la Cour tuolu, la salle des arbres couchés et ainsi desuite.Il y a beaucoup de stèles gravées en pierre sur les murs de la galerie etune partie du jardin, qui est lune des caractéristiques du jardin.Sur le mur dela promenade du Sud de la piscine, il y a des sculptures en pierre de "yunjianbangyan painting", un total de 28 pièces. Les manoirs Songjiang de la dynastieMing et Qing sont des portraits de plus dune centaine de personnes célèbres ettalentueuses dans tous les comtés, qui sont très bien sculptés.Il y a aussi duGinkgo ancien et du camphre ancien, ?gés de plus de 100 ans.
Létang zuibai a non seulement le style de létang Jiangnan GardenMountain, Stone and Qing, et le couloir et le sentier sinueux dans les dynastiesMing et Qing, mais aussi les caractéristiques de nombreux sites historiques etdes célébrités errantes.Il est célèbre dans le sud de la rivière Yangtze pourses maisons de pierre deau et ses célèbres fleurs de bois ancien.
篇17:上海景点导游词英文参考
friends:
now we come to shanghai huangpu river bank bund, first, i tour to everybodyvisit bund to express the welcome, and wishes in advance each traveling to behappy.
new bund altogether has five traveling routes, nearby yours left hand is bythe reputation is wan guo constructs reads extensively the magnificentarchitectural complex and spacious zhongshan road, nearby your right hand is thewave light clear huangpu river as well as the future resembles the brocade thepudong land to embellish the financial trade area, at present for is noveluniquely goes sightseeing the tour area. this architectural complex, zhongshanroad, go sightseeing the area, the huangpu river, lu jiazui in the as if musicfive spectra, the industrious shanghai people seem between the string string thesymbol, is composing most newly the most gorgeous music movement, is welcomefellow guests presence.
the powder can call bund? simple saying, it passed once was the desolatebeach place which outside the shanghai old city the reed grew thicklytogether.
in 1840 after first opium war, the tight lock entrance to a country hasbeen driven out by the colonizing ocean artillery, shanghai also is compelled toward off for the commercial port. since then, all kinds of west foreign styleconstruction hastens to ground along with colonizing but towers in abundance, tothis century the beginning of 30s, shanghai as soon as leapt into the far eastbiggest metropolis from seashore small yi.
at present these have the europe renaissance time style the construction,although stems from hand of the identical design, also is not constructs at anage, but their construction style is such harmonious unification, the daybecomes. from jinling east road bund to outside white temporary bridge long only1.5 kilometer arcs in, height scattered about, is standing erect row after row52 styles each different construction, has england -like, france -like, ancientgreece -like and so on. same year many foreign banks, the general meeting, theconsulate and so on converged to this, some east wall street the name, formedthe old shanghai semicolonial and semifeudal society a historical miniature.
everybody please looked that, the new bund 2 east winds hotels, in the pastonce were the english general meetings which extremely is well-known, it is amodel english ancient canonical expression constructs. the building high has 6(continually basement), the roof north and south beginnings and endsrespectively suppose □t look pavilion, the interior decoration are extremelymagnificent. inside a yet higher goal bar same year once because of has 110.7foot eastern longest bar cabinet but to be arrogant for a while, now usskentuckey quick dining room is located in.
new bund 12 before are famous the hongkong and shanghai bank, this buildingconstructed in 1923, was in the style of antiquity greece -like domeconstruction. the building for approaches the square the rectangularconstruction, high 5, a crown hemispheroid level goes against the vegetable tohave 7 in addition, the steel portal frame construction. in the buildingdecorates extremely is fastidious, is equipped with country each kind ofreception room and so on america, england and france, russia, date. this placeconstructed the english once to brag for from the suez canal to far east beringstrait most was fastidious construction.
nearby close neighbor hongkong and shanghai bank that building is theshanghai customs building, is 19th century restores the old the principleconstruction, constructed in 1927, is now the world institute rarely is ominous.above the building bell all around worthy of looking at arrives is in luck, each15 minutes play sound section of short tunes, melodious are deep, reputation 10miles.
after the hongkong and shanghai bank building and the customs building allstem from english designer wilson, shanghai kindly called they are the sistersbuilding, at present was still one of shanghais important symbols.
east nanjing the street intersection two buildings are called the peacefulhotel. sat north the southern dynasty this lou jianyu in 1906, at that time thename collected the hotel, was a shanghai extant earliest hotel. it may take ahistorical construction, is the english chinese world renaissance. this buildingmost major characteristic is sets up the surface color red brick to make thewaist line, bai qiangzhuan makes the cover, looks by far both gravely iselegant, and other style, the reality is a rare excellent work.
bunds these constructions, all are the china working people industriouswisdom crystallization, simultaneously has also reflected western colonizing toshanghais plundering and the aggression. now in order to let the peopleunderstand these constructions the history, in front of each big front doorhangs has the data plate which the chinese and english compares.
regarding bund, the shanghai person also passes for hers name along withthe time changes. shanghai persons is called old bund, after the liberationliberation before bund to be called as bund, now the people approve her are newbund. in the history occurs has seized bund many times the scene, but each timeall has the completely different historical significance. since partys 11sessions of three ccp plenary conferences, the china reform and open policystrategic center of gravity also from the south but north, pudongs developmentand the promotion enable shanghai to walk the nation reform and open policy mostfront. the spring breeze blew awakes the deep sleep many year shanghai bund, thechinese and foreign financial organ in abundance has also seized bund. shanghaihas made the clear nest directs the phoenix the significant action, the bundfinance street house big replacement, will attract everywhere the old customerreto come to settle down, again will reveal the far east wall street elegantdemeanour.
bund is shanghais symbol, also is the chinese and foreign tourists mustarrive place. but in before because the path narrow, the pedestrian vehicles arepacked like sardines, seriously has affected the bund overall image. for thechange place beach appearance, the shanghai peoples government performs bund asthe key point to transform. at present this street called, also is bund whichzhongshan a group, is for commemorate pioneer mr. sun yat-sen which chinademocratic revolution names synthesizes the transformation a part. this groupspan 826 meters, the width 45 meters, suppose 6 to 10 traffic lanes. this broadline of communication not merely is restricted in area bund, it follows thereform and open policy step unceasingly to extend, north the jiangwan five jiaofields, south arrive at the nampo bridge. to the next the beginning of century,this north and south corridor long amounts to 15 kilometers, will become thesign landscape which the shanghai traveling will go sightseeing.
we now walk this bin jiang main road quite has the characteristic. it notonly collection culture, afforestation to a body, moreover the morning is thepeople practices the good place which the article practices martial arts,daytime is domestic and foreign goes sightseeing the tour world, evening is theideal place which talks love to the lover, heard has many foreign friends all inadmiration of somebodys fame to come to experience the life.
fellow guests, stroll in new bund to go sightseeing the area, whether youdo feel, new bund not only appearance changed beyond recognition, moreover inlively is lively passes the rich artistic breath. everybody please looked that,in the yenan east road bund establishment subject will be for tomorrow theartistic landscape, will hug by 6 columns, with will have more than 80 yearshistorical meteorological signal to become a group to the scenery. the customsbuilding and the electronic waterfall clock also is quite has the fresh idea tothe scenery. the electronic waterfall clock assumes the steps and ladders type,the length 27 meters, the height 3.5 meters, supposes 10 entire stairs. theentire operating process by the computer control, approximately some more than1,000 nozzles water column is composed each kind of color the arabic numeral,causes world each place since such remoteness, double is how being intimatewith. went sightseeing the area worthily to become to hold hundred sichuan, iscompatible shanghai school characteristic culture scenery line which andgathered.
strolls bund, we unconsciously entered the whangpoo river park. inmentioned this park, each chinese all could not forget the former days foreigncountry big powers to hang the chinese people and the dog did not have to enterin park entrance that block the sign, that notorious sign, let then chinesepeople suffer the enormous shame! now, looked at present that 60 meter highshanghai people outstandingly talented monument, stands erect is facing thewater place. the military might magnificent sight three columns yellow hillocksbody in has told the people as if, the people forever cherishes the memory ofsince the opium war, 54 movements and the war of liberation, is the scrubbingnationality shame, devotes the heroes for shanghais revolutionary business.
the whangpoo river park faces is well-known everywhere huangpu river. onmonth huanglong waters edge water yellow, extremely vividly described thewhangpoo river river water color. improves pujiang is shanghais mother river,it originates to the wuxi tai lake, is within the boundaries of shanghailongest, is widest, deepest rivers, the span 114 kilometers; the mean breadth400 meters, are deep 7 to 9 meters. its original name calls dong jiang, also hasthe spring shenjiang river, alternate name and so on huang xiejiang. hands downbefore more than 2,000 years, shanghai was chu at that time, at that time chucountry has a senior general yellow to call to rest, he had very much rules anation ability, is appointed by chu king as prime minister, and sealed forpresents mr. shen, had jurisdiction over shanghai this land. at that timebecause upstream dong jiangs clogged with silt, he led the shanghai people tocarry on scours, and revised the route, caused shanghai the aquatictransportation and the agriculture obtains the very big development, theposterity for commemorate huang xie the merit, renamed dong jiang as the springshenjiang river and yellow , only then officially chose a name until thesouthern song dynasty time as the huangpu river.
the huangpu river has two the child, calls pudong, another calls puxi.before new china is born, their whole family deeply three mountains oppressions,on the mother river body is anchoring is the outside warship and themerchantman, two children also are pressed have not gasped for breath. jumpswhangpoo river my sentence shanghai persons pet phrase, refers to the commonpeople which the old society really is unable to live, throws the river to hereto commit suicide.
looks out into the distance the opposite shore, pudong lu jiazui thefinance trade area and puxi bund distantly faces one another, its function forthe finance, the trade and foreign serves, it will be the new shanghais coreand the symbol. east bund the bin jiang main road, the total length 2,500meters, the collection traveling, go sightseeing with the entertainment and soon are a body, is equipped with 6 multi-faceted squares along the road. althoughthe present only rumble cuts in line the sound, but the sound sound , is in fivespectra the most magnificent music movement, will be forecasting a bund moreglorious future.
篇18:上海旅游法语导游词
Guanlan Lake, situé dans la ville de Guanlan, Shenzhen.En fait, GuanlanLake na pas de lac, mais à travers Shenzhen, Dongguan Guanlan Lake GolfClub.
Guanlan Lake est entièrement investi, construit et exploité par le GroupeJunhao. Lensemble du projet sétend entre Shenzhen et Dongguan et se compose deGuanlan Lake Shenzhen Cluster, Guanlan Lake Dongguan Cluster et Guanlan Lakeliguang Cluster.Le projet a été construit à partir de 1992, avec uninvestissement de plus de 10 milliards de dollars de Hong Kong, et a développéGuanlan Lake International Leisure Tourism Resort qui intègre 7 fonctions:Sports, loisirs, affaires, santé et loisirs, tourisme de conférence, culture etdivertissement, shopping gastronomique et loisirs courts.Il sagit notamment duplus grand club de golf du monde, du plus grand club de tennis et de campagnedAsie, de nombreux h?tels, clubs internationaux, centres de congrèsinternationaux, parcs écologiques et récréatifs, ainsi que dune variétédinstallations sportives, alimentaires, récréatives et récréatives.Dès 20__,Guanlan Lake Leisure Tourism Resort a été évalué comme le premier lot de 4attractions touristiques nationales par ladministration nationale dutourisme.Depuis que l?tat a lancé la nouvelle norme pour la création de 5Aattractions touristiques en 20__, Guanlan Lake a participé à la création de 5attractions touristiques au début de 20__. Au cours de cette période, le Comiténational dévaluation de la qualité des attractions touristiques a effectué denombreuses visites sur place pour évaluer la qualité du Service, delenvironnement et du paysage de Guanlan Lake.Le 13 mai 20__, le lac Guanlan aété officiellement classé comme attraction touristique nationale 5. Le 25 mai,ladministration nationale du tourisme a tenu une cérémonie de remise desplaques à Beijing.? lheure actuelle, il y a 5 attractions touristiques danstout le Guangdong.
Les journalistes ont appris quil y a 1,8 million dinvités au pays et àlétranger qui visitent le lac Lan Chaque année, et environ 1,2 million devisiteurs à létranger chaque année, principalement de lAmérique du Nord, delEurope, de lAsie du Sud - Est, du Japon, de la Corée, de Chinese Taiwan, de Macao etde Hong Kong, représentant environ 70% du nombre total de visiteurs du laclan.
En tant que projet touristique de Guangdong, la province pionnière de laréforme et de louverture de la Chine, Guanlan Lake a créé une stationtouristique internationale avec des vacances et des loisirs comme pointculminant, qui sest pleinement conformée à la tendance à la croissance la plusrapide du tourisme de loisir thématique sur le marché mondial du tourisme àlavenir et a attiré des clients au pays et à létranger.Dans notre pays,lindustrie touristique cherche activement à passer de léchelle quantitative àlefficacité de la qualité, et les produits touristiques cherchent également unenouvelle période de transition du Tourisme touristique aux loisirs de vacances.Le Lac Guanlan, caractérisé par le tourisme de loisir thématique, a créé unnouvel échantillon de 5 sites pittoresques en Chine.
It is reported that the Highlights of Guanlan Lake Leisure and TourismResort include: Golf and Outdoor Aerobic Sports as the Theme of Sports andLeisure; in which the Sports and Leisure Facilities represented by Golf have 12international level courts, is the only Worlds first Greatest Golf LeisureResort Gathering the Style of the five continents.Soins de santé et loisirs surle thème des Spa de soins de santé; loisirs daffaires sur le thème desconférences daffaires et des voyages daffaires;Jusquà présent, Guanlan Lake aintroduit et organisé plus dune centaine dévénements de golf, de tennis, debillard et de vélo, ainsi que des activités déchange économique, commercial,sportif et culturel, et a également organisé de nombreuses visites de célébritésinternationales. Gr?ce à des projets touristiques, Guanlan Lake a mis en placeune plate - forme déchange international bien connue au pays et àlétranger.
En outre, Guanlan Lake attache une grande importance au développementdurable et à la protection de lenvironnement, et a mis en ?uvre la pratiquebénéfique de ? transformer les montagnes stériles en terres précieuses ? au fildes ans.En labsence de ressources touristiques naturelles avantageuses, un belenvironnement écologique vert a été créé et 13 kilomètres carrés de ressourcesécologiques vertes ont été construits.En novembre 20__, toute la région deGuanlan Lake Shenzhen Cluster a été incluse dans la réserve de contr?leécologique permanent de Shenzhen. Cest aussi le seul exemple de la formation dela Réserve écologique par le développement écologique dentreprise àShenzhen.
篇19:上海迪士尼游玩导游词
经过20个小时的火车颠簸,我怀着激动的心情来到了梦想之地――上海。
出了火车站,映入眼睑的是一座座高楼大厦,四通八达的`立交桥上车来人往,真壮观啊!出了火车站我们坐地铁来到了小姑家,稍作休息我们来到了上海最繁华的街道――南京路。一出地铁站口就看到南京路上人头攒动,你来我往行色匆匆。还不时有无轨电车穿梭在人群中,真是热闹非凡。我们在几个大商场里转了一下,就来到一个叫“汤姆熊”的游戏厅里,这里什么游戏都有,我们先玩了投球游戏,接着又玩了扫蜘蛛。砸怪人。双枪连击等游戏。
随后,我们乘无轨电车来到了外滩,夜晚的外滩到处是闪烁的霓虹灯,美丽的东方明珠塔直插云霄,一座座西方建筑静静矗立在诉说着上海那个不堪回首的过去。电视画面里经常看到的报时大钟整点响起了动听的音乐,江堤上是人山人海,遥遥望去,杨浦大桥上灯火通明,黄浦江面时时响起轮船的笛声,好一副热闹的画面啊!
篇20:上海朱家角古镇的导游词
朱家角镇,隶属于上海市青浦区,位于上海市西部、青浦区中南部,紧靠淀山湖风景区。东临西大盈与环城分界,西濒淀山湖与大观园风景区隔湖相望,南与沈巷镇为邻(20__年与之合并),北与江苏省昆山市淀山湖镇接壤。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于朱家角导游词讲解,希望能够帮到您!
各位游客朋友们,大家好!欢迎大家和我一起来到江南水乡,我是__旅行社的导游员,我叫__。我们的司机师傅姓__,__师傅有多年的驾驶经验,技术很好,坐他的车肯定让您感觉安全舒适。今天就由我们一同陪大家欣赏江南美景。如果我们的服务有让您不满意的地方,敬请大家提出批评和建议,谢谢大家的合作,希望大家在朱家角玩得开心,玩得痛快。
朱家角,也就是我们的所在地,是由47平方公里成折扇形的小镇组成,他们镶嵌在湖光山色之中。有人把她比作上海的威尼斯,有人把她比作淀山湖畔一颗明珠,如今这颗璀璨明珠又在金色玉带318国道的依托下,放射出更夺目的光彩。由于这是一座千年古镇,1991年被上海市政府命名为首批四大文化名镇之一。
朱家角这样的小镇之所以闻名是因为她的地理位置十分重要,下面我简单给各位介绍一下她的地理位置,朱家角地处江、浙、沪二省一市交通要枢,地理位置十分优越,东靠虹桥国际机场,北连昆山,南接嘉兴,西通平望,淀山湖下游、黄金水道漕港河穿镇而过。镇内河港纵横,九条长街沿河而伸,千栋明清建筑依水而立,36座石桥古风犹存,名胜古迹比比皆是。在玩腻了一个个雷同价高的人造景观后,人们莫不惊讶于上海市郊还有一块保存得如此完好的原汁原味、真山真水的天然景观,在这里可以寻找一种回归自然,崇尚野趣的享受。无怪乎一位同济大学的名教授在考察朱家角后,不觉赞叹:朱家角有这么丰富的文化遗产,不仅是上海一宝,也是国家的瑰宝。中国台湾著名已故作家三毛,到此曾为小桥、流水、人家的格局而迷恋,为清淳幽静,处处可画、时时有诗的风情而陶醉。中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理吴邦国在视察了古镇朱家角后,不禁欣然命笔,写下了全国历史名镇朱家角几个大字。