张杰西安演唱会2021时间表【精选20篇】

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

華清池は唐華清宮遺跡の上にある皇室宮苑で、西は西安から30キロ、南は驪山に従って、北は渭水です。その昔から変わらない温泉資源、唐明皇と楊貴妃のラブストーリー、西安事変発生地及び豊富な人文歴史資源のために中国の有名な文化観光スポットになりました。全国の重要文化財保護機構、国家初のAAAAA級観光模範観光スポットです。

華清池融の人文歴史と自然景観は一体となり、周、秦、漢、隋、唐などの歴代帝王はここで離宮別苑を建立します。観光地区は唐の建築をまねて大気が広く、庭園の風景は独特の風格があります。主に唐華清宮御湯遺跡博物館、西安事跡、九竜湖と芙蓉湖景勝地、唐梨園遺跡博物館があります。飛霜殿、昭陽殿、長生殿、環園と禹王殿などのシンボル的な建築群があります。皇室温泉の瀾湯殿、御湯苑、星苑、尚食苑、長湯苑、少陽苑、香凝閣と御膳を主とする華清湯(華清湯)を体験しています。ホテルのファックス。20__年4月に発売された大規模な実景時代劇「長恨歌」は、中国観光文化創意産業の成功モデルとなっている。20x__5月に発売されたマルチメディア映像ドラマ「玄境長生殿」は、伝統博物館のデジタル化の新しいモデルとなっています。

近年、華清池は「中国唐宮廷文化観光マーク性観光地区を作り上げる」という願望を持って、積極的に唐華清宮文化観光開発戦略を実施しています。歴史文化、御湯文化、宮苑文化、梨園文化、宗教文化など五つの文化要素に基づいて、唐華清宮文化観光地を計画して建設します。

首先，我给大家简单介绍一下西安古城墙，西安古城墙又称为西安明城墙，位于陕西省西安市中心区，墙高12米，顶宽12—14米，底宽15—18米，轮廓呈封闭的长方形，周长13.74千米。城墙内人们习惯称为古城区，面积11.32平方千米，著名的西安钟鼓楼就位于古城中心。

请大家紧跟我不要掉队，我们前面的是城墙的主城门，像这样的城门共有四座：我们面前的长乐门（东门）；还有永宁门（南门）；安定门（西门），安远门（北门）。它们四座城门作为明城墙的原有城门，因当时的军事，防御需要，都是单门洞，且都修建了三道城墙，两道城墙之间又形成了翁城。至今为止，四座城门中除永宁门外，其余三座城门都只剩下两道城墙。

好了，下面是大家自由活动的时间，请大家一个小时后在这里集合。

本次游览结束，感谢大家对我工作的支持，谢谢大家，祝大家身体健康，万事如意，以后有缘再见。

万众一心，众志成城，一场没有硝烟的战“疫”已经在神州大地打响!疫情就是命令，“你我他”都是并肩前行的战士，战“疫”集结号响，我们一直在路上!

“疫”情路上，党员挺起中国脊梁。疫情面前，危机时刻我们用力所能及的方式共同守护着这座城。守护这个国，更守护着我们自己。一个有希望的民族不能没有英雄，一个有前途的国家不能没有先锋。每一次历经苦难，都会挺立起一批民族英雄，他们几乎有着一个相同的名字：共产党员。今天面对疫情，奔赴救治一线、勇敢接近“死神”的，同样是共产党员。“我是党员，我先来”“请组织批准我上一线”，他们的志愿书、决心书、请战书让人动容，更让人敬佩。往日熙熙攘攘的人工湖畔已杳无人迹，游船静静地靠在湖心岛旁。党员是当之无愧的中国脊梁。历史证明，中国共产党总能带领人民创造奇迹。

“疫”无反顾，医者仁心民族精神。在这次战“疫”中，我们看到在艰难困苦中熠熠生辉的“民族精神”。淮北市疫情防控应急指挥部发布通告，全市所有游乐、娱乐、洗浴、室内运动等人群聚集场所(包括电_、KTV、网吧、游泳馆、健身房、景区景点、培训机构等)暂停营业。让人无奈更让人骄傲，人民的配合是我们打赢这场战争的基本。这是热爱祖国、热爱人民的民族精神，这是英勇无畏、敢为人先的时代精神。正是有了这样的民族精神，才让数千名医疗工作者在举国团圆的日子里与家人道别，向着最危险的地方行进。他们不计得失，不论生死，秉持“逆行而上”的坚守与担当，义无反顾冲在第一线。他们只有一个共同的身份，那就是中国人。这世上，哪有所谓的岁月静好，只是有人在为你负重前行。

万众“疫”心，凝聚着中国力量。无论是哪一年的天灾人祸，我们都依然挺过，我们的山河一直无恙，从没有削弱国人的意志，更没有改变我们前进的步伐。全国人民众志成城、共御困境的决心和意志最终让灾难“落荒而逃”。这次战“疫”中，我深深的看到、感受到、体会到、中国人民的团结一心和坚决意志。虽以“封城”但城为空心更满，中央一声号召举国上下自觉有序地采购商品;家家户户响应号召，停止聚会，积极配合相关检查;无数企业、个体户恢复生产，为_目前紧张的资源“雪中送炭”……尽管疫情来势汹汹，勇敢、智慧、团结的中国人民早已用自己温暖的举动汇聚成巨大的中国力量。

大家好!我是你们这次游览的导游。大家可以叫我小惠。

秦兵马俑在西安的临潼出土，它举世无双，都是精美的艺术珍品。谁知道它的占地面积有多大呢?对，就是20xx0平方米，大概有50个篮球场那么大，坑内有兵马俑近八千个。大家想不想知道他的来历呢?让我来告诉你们吧：以前有几个农民相约一起打水井，发现了有一些陶片，他们继续打井，发现那是一条通道。他们陆陆续续下去察看，就发现了‘秦兵马俑’。好!大家一起参观一下吧!

兵马俑不仅规模宏大，而且类型众多，个性鲜明。你们看，那些身材魁梧，头带鹤冠，身披铠甲，手握宝剑是什么俑?他就是将军俑。那神态自若的样子，一看就知道他们是久经沙场，重任在身的领军人物了!

大家跟我来。那些身高1。8米什么俑，体格健壮，体形匀称，身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，手持兵器的是什么俑?对，就是武士俑。

谁知道身着短甲，下穿紧口裤，左手握弓箭，右手执缰绳的又是什么俑?错了，是骑兵俑。你们看，每一个兵马俑都是极为精美的术珍品。仔细端详，他们神态各异，惟妙惟肖，走近他们身边，似乎还能感受到他们轻微的呼吸呢!

好了，还有很多精彩的东西，大家自由参观，自己欣赏吧。活动时间，请大家注意安全!

早上好!大-家-早-上-好!(见客人没反映时补上一句)，很好，大家都睡醒了，此刻请大家抬起高贵的头看看车的正前方，看到什么了?导游?对!我就是你们这天的导游，那么请大家务必记住我这张长得不算美，但总算对得起观众的脸(笑声)，把我留在脑海中，旅途快乐又简单。

下方呢，我就给大家正式介绍一下自我，哎呀，激动的心，颤抖的手，拿起话筒我要献丑，谁要不鼓掌谁就说我丑，哎——，很好，多谢大家的掌声，后面还有一句呢，谁要说我丑我下车就走(笑声)，从大家的掌声中能够看出大家的审美眼光还是相当不错的嘛!我呢，是一名专职导游员，我的名字叫，有缘坐在一辆车里就是一家人了，古语有云：百年修得同船渡，千年修得共枕眠，这天我们同吃、同游、同乐还同“居”(驹)，哎，怎样就同居了，有些游客问，古时候不就把车叫驹吗?难道我们还不是同居吗?只要你需要我，我会第一时光出此刻你面前。

那么罗嗦完自我之后呢，隆重给大家介绍一位重要人物，一般呀重要人物出场都会有一种声音-----，好，多谢大家的掌声，他就是我们风流倜傥、英俊潇洒、人见人爱、车见车载、男人见了喝醋、女人见了喝蜜的^^师傅(笑声)，从后脑勺看就很像梁朝伟嘛，大家想不想看看^^师傅正面呀?想呀?——那是不可能滴，他站起来谁给我们开车呀?好了，我替张师傅多谢大家的掌声。

大家呀别看这张师傅长得^^，他开起车来呀那但是相当的有技巧，用东北话说那是：“冈冈的”，大家呀别看^^师傅一本正经，他呀可有两个老婆，大老婆在家给他洗衣服做饭，小老婆呀陪他走南闯北，这天他这位小老婆就在我们身边，大家找找看，找不到呀?其实呀他这位小老婆就是我们这辆车，大家说张师傅小老婆漂不漂亮呢?漂亮呀?那大家就要好好爱护他，持续车内的清洁，爱护她，就像你们爱自我的小老婆小老公一样。

那么大家出来旅游呀，必须要服从导游的领导，必须要跟着导游走，这跟着导游走，吃喝啥都有，问啥啥都会，走着还不累。等一下到景点就请大家跟着我的导游旗走，小旗不倒，不许乱跑，因为呀只有跟着我的导游旗走，完美的感觉才会有！

作为一名医学生，我们首先要带领家人做到日常预防，戴口罩、勤洗手、避免去人群密集的地方、远离野生动物、注意个人卫生、出现不适症状及时就医。其次，我最想致敬的还是奋战在一线的医护人员，他们义无反顾，逆风前行，尤其在一月二十六日，我在公众号看到二院首批医疗队支援湖北的消息，老师们熟悉的名字映入眼帘，作为优秀的医生，作为先进的党员，他们面对突如其来的疫情，用实际行动践行“敬佑生命、救死扶伤、甘于奉献、大爱无疆”的医者精神，老师们的实际行动是我们医学生前行的榜样。在一月二十八日，我院的第一批医疗队员已接受专业培训进入“红区”，正式接手武钢二院新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的治疗工作，奋战在对抗病毒的最前线，他们一举一动都牵动着每个二院人的心，相信老师们的专业水平，一定能凯旋归来!

这次新型肺炎的爆发，我深刻地认识到了作为医学生所需承担的责任，疫情来袭，我们是背负人民健康的逆行者，各位党员同志和奋战在一线的老师们为我们做出了榜样，我会时刻以他们为荣，严以律己，早日成为一名合格的医生。

Dear tourists

How do you do!

Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Im your tour guide. My family nameis Xu. Please call me director Xu. The first scenic spot to visit today is theterracotta warriors and horses, one of the world heritage sites. The scenic spotis located in Lintong, Xian. Our bus also goes to Lintong. The journey is about40 minutes. I want to mention Lintong in Xian. You must think of theunparalleled toilet of Qin soldiers in the world. OK, we have arrived at QinShihuang mausoleum now. Please get off in order. Do you know the origin of theterracotta warriors and horses of the Qin Dynasty? In the previous dynasties,emperors were buried with living people when they died. Later, in the QinDynasty, a minister said to Qin Shihuang, "in the previous dynasties, livingpeople were buried with them. I dont think its proper for you to do this. Letthe craftsmen build a clay army. How about your invincible army? "Qin Shihuangthought this idea was very good, so he agreed. In fact, if it had not been forthe nod of Qin Shihuang at that time, we would not have seen the magnificentTerracotta Army today. The terra cotta warriors and horses are of great scale.At present, three terracotta pits have been excavated, covering a total area ofnearly 20000 square meters, about the size of 50 basketball courts. There areabout 8000 terracotta warriors and horses in the pits.

Now we come to the No.1 pit, which is also the largest of the three pits.It is 230 meters long from east to west and 62 meters wide from north to south,with a total area of 14260 square meters. You can see that the total area of thethree pits is more than half! Since the area is so large, the number is alsovery large, there are more than 6000. A huge arched hall has been built on thetop of pit No.1. We can go into the hall and enjoy it carefully. We should alsopay attention to safety when touring. Please see, the figure with big body, hat,armor, sword and high head is the general figurine. Some of them areself-confident and have bright eyes. At first glance, they know that they areexperienced in the battlefield and shoulder heavy responsibilities. Some of themare nodding and thinking, as if they are thinking about defeating the enemy ifthey fight. Its full of generals. Then look at the warriors. They are allstrong and strong. They are wearing war robes and armor, and their feet are onthe front of their boots. It seems that they are waiting for the bugle. Then wecontinue to look at the terracotta cavalry figures. We can see that they arewearing short armor, tight trousers, boots, rein in the right hand and bow andarrow in the left hand. It seems that they are ready to mount at any time.During the war, there must be a group of good horses. Looking ahead, the potteryhorses are the same size as the real horses, and they are strong. That eager totry, if you give an order, you will spread your hooves, soar into the air andjump on the journey. Whether they are generals, warriors or cavalry, they allseem to be making up their minds to fight for the unification of the Qin state.Even Tao Ma seems to be planning to be loyal to his country. When he walks intoit, he seems to feel the breath of love The terracotta warriors and horses ofQin Dynasty are unique in the history of sculpture at all times. It vividlyreproduced the grand momentum of the Qin army with millions of soldiers andthousands of chariots, and vividly demonstrated the powerful power and heroicspirit of the Chinese nation.

Dear tourists, time flies. Todays journey of Qin Bing and Ma Neng has cometo an end. Now we are ready to leave for our hotel!

钟楼地处西安繁华的东、西、南、北四条大街交汇处，它古时用来在清晨敲钟报时，故称钟楼 。从建成之日起，钟楼就一直被看作是古城西安的象征，现为陕西省重点文物保护单位。它是我国古代遗留下来许多钟楼中形制最大、保存最完整的一座。西安是明代西北军政重镇，它的钟楼无论从建筑规模历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量，都居全国同类建筑之冠。

钟楼始建于1384年。钟楼的基座是正方形，占地1377.4平方米，高8.6米，宽35.5米，全部用青砖砌成。楼为砖木结构，高36米。外部重檐3层，但内部仅上下两层。楼檐四角攒顶，檐下饰有彩绘斗拱。“斗拱”是我国古代木结构建筑的特点之一。在世界建筑史上也是独一无二的。它不但能使建筑物更加牢固，而且更加美观。斗拱在 商代就已出现，在我国青铜器的花纹上，可以看到较完整的斗拱图象。

特点：钟楼始建于明太祖朱元璋洪武十七年(公元1384年)，因楼上悬挂铁钟一口而得名。初建时，地址在今广济街口，与鼓楼对峙。明神宗万历十年(公元1582年)由巡安御使龚贤主持，将钟楼整体迁移于今址。钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格，重檐斗拱，攒顶高耸，屋檐微翘，华丽庄严。

巨钟轶闻 ：钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟，重5吨，钟边铸有八卦图案，建造于明成化年间(1465～1487年)。但它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟却小得多了。钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的“景云钟”(现藏于碑林博物馆)。据说，迁到今址之后，虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变，景云钟却怎么也敲不响了。无可奈何，只有另换。

我无时无刻的不以自己身为为一名中国人而感到骄傲，感到欣慰，感到自豪。面对这次疫情，我再一次感受到了中国的美好与大国担当。

我是一名普普通通的人民教师，在疫情面前，我不能像医生一样冲在前线同疫情防控人员一起不畏艰险的与病毒抗战。但是我们心里由衷的钦佩和感谢他们在这场抗疫斗争中的伟大付出。而在这期间，我们能做的就是在做自我好隔离的前提下各司其职。

外面的世界让很多人向往，但是在疫情面前，我们应该老老实实的待在家里进行自我隔离，因为这样才不会在抗疫关键时刻给祖国给医生给疫情防控人员添乱。同在前线冒着生命危险的抗疫的人员相比，我们的自我隔离太幸福了，所以任何参与隔离的人不应带有一起抱怨。虽然自己一个人的隔离显得微不足道，但是集体的力量加起来是无法估量强大，当所有人万众一心自我隔离阻断病毒的传播，感染人数就无法上升。这个时候大家没有再给医护人员增添负担，自己的生命安全也得到了保障，大大地减轻了疫情对我国各方面造成的损失。

作为教师的我们，除了进行自我隔离，也要利用好网络继续教书育人工作。这个时候在学校的组织下，不仅要给孩子们进行网络教学，也要给孩子们普及疫情知识进行安全教育。虽然因为疫情，孩子们不能到校学习，但是我们会通过网络直播给孩子们传授知识。病毒是阻挡不了孩子们求知的脚步的，在直播上课的这段时间，我有感受到孩子们的努力认真，有看到家长在教育辅导孩子上面的用心。虽然没能与孩子们一起面对面的在教室里进行学习交流，但是我会认真准备每一节的直播课，认真有针对性的设计每一次的作业布置。在批改作业的过程中及时进行一对一的反馈，并且对于共性问题抽出来再次为孩子们解疑。对于家长和孩子们单独提出来的各种疑问，我也都会耐心的指导讲解。

我相信，在我们的共同努力下，我们可以克服异地的教与学中的种种困难。载着满满的收获，在疫情结束后迎来我们久违的重逢。

西安曲江海洋天下项目预算总投资约3.5亿元人民币，占地90亩，首要由海洋馆、海韵广场、海洋商务会所三部门构成。海洋馆总投资约1.7亿元人民币，主体构筑面积18600平方米;馆外配套建树的海韵广场包罗演艺广场、水面景观、贸易、餐饮、休闲、娱乐等办法占地近3万平方米，投资3000余万人民币;已经开工建树的海洋商务会所投资约1.5亿元，构筑面积3万余平方米，打算__年头对外业务。

海洋馆曲直江海洋天下项目标焦点工程。馆内水体总量约为6000吨，计划养殖的淡水、海水生物300余种，数目12000余尾(只)。馆内首要由海豚演出馆、海洋科普馆、热带雨林馆、海底地道、水下大观园五部门及配套的餐饮、海洋礼物零售、互动娱乐项目等处事办法构成。海洋馆的外面及展示创意由美国兰德玛克(LANDMARK)公司担纲计划、香港亚瑞(国际)主题计划专业公司认真构筑及展示内容的详细计划，其局限及展示程度可跻身海内海洋馆前五位。

西安海洋馆在海内偕行中缔造了五项之最：1、海洋科普馆面积400多平方米，为海内海洋馆中之最;2、热带雨林馆分为太古探秘、雨林异景、人与天然、异域风情、将来缓步五个部门也是海内海洋馆中体量最大的;3、海洋科普馆展示的国度一类水生掩护动物布氏鲸标本体长13.5米，是海内海洋馆中最长、独一的;4、拥有海内海洋馆中最高的圆柱缸;5、大陆初次引进最先辈、屏幕最大(高3米、宽14米)的高科技假造海洋生物展示体系。

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Xian.

Xian, a famous historical and cultural city, is located in the middle ofWeishui plain on the West Bank of the Yellow River. There is fertile land, avast expanse of eight hundred Li Qinchuan, natural treasures, outstandingpeople. On the land of China, this dazzling pearl inlaid in the southern end ofthe Loess Plateau, once had a world-famous, extremely brilliant history andculture, but also had green waters and mountains, extremely beautiful naturallandscape.

In the East and west of Xian, the Qinling Mountains, known as the"Oriental Alps", are crisscrossed and meandering. On this beautiful scenic line,there are Huashan Mountain, which is known as the first of the five mountains,Lishan Mountain in Lintong, which is famous for its hot spring soup pools,Zhongnan mountain, which is green in all seasons and rare in its interior, andTaibai Mountain, which is called a wonder for its snow cover in June. They forma natural and unique scenery group. In ancient Changan, there were eightrivers, Wei River, Chan River, Ba River, Lao river, Feng River, Mao River, ZaoRiver and Yu River, which were surrounded by blue waves.

This thousand year old capital at the foot of the Qinling Mountains and onthe Bank of the Weihe River has Tongguan in the East and Sanguan in the West. Inthe north, the chidao, which was built in the Qin Dynasty, is a thoroughfare forfighting against Xiongnu and supplying supplies. In the south, Ziwu Road,TangLuo Road, Baoxie road and Chencang road can cross Hanzhong to Bashu. In thesoutheast, Wuguan road in Shangluo Mountain is the throat leading to Chu. Inancient times, Changan had convenient transportation, both land and water,dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It has always been aplace for military strategists and emperors to make contributions.

Xian is an important birthplace of Chinese history and culture, and alsoone of the earliest developed areas of human civilization. In the thousands ofyears of history of the Chinese nation, perhaps no city can enjoy such a loftystatus and incomparable brilliance as Xian: it is the capital of 13 dynastiessince the Western Zhou Dynasty and the epitome of the first half of Chinesefeudal society.

Since Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Xian has been in the center of politics,economy and culture for a long time with its unique historical position. In the11th century B.C., the Zhou people grew stronger and stronger in Qishan andFufeng areas in the western part of Guanzhong, and finally established theircountry after destroying the Shang Dynasty, and established their capitals inFengjing and Haojing. Qin people successively established capitals in Yongcheng,Liyang and Xianyang, and went out of Hangu in the east to destroy the six statesand establish an unprecedented unified Qin Empire. The capital of Qin Dynasty isstill Xianyang, which is near the water on the tableland. After the destructionof Qin Dynasty by Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, he took a fancy to theeight hundred Li Qinchuan River, which is a vast expanse of fertile land, andchose to establish the capital on the South Bank of Weihe River, which is justacross from qinxianyang. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mangusurped the Han Dynasty and established a new dynasty, inheriting the capitaland system of the Han family. When the Huangjin army rose, Dong Zhuo burned allthe palaces in Luoyang, and the princes of the 18th route begged for Zhuo.Therefore, Dong Zhuo forced Emperor Xian to move westward to Changan. TheEastern Han Dynasty had six years here.

The scenic Fenghe river is full of a large number of cultural treasuresfrom the Western Zhou Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is a magical and attractiveplace. Emperor min of the Western Jin Dynasty was the emperor in Changan, andhe was destroyed in only three years. The former Zhao, the former Qin, the laterQin, the Western Wei and the Northern Zhou established their capitals here.Changan city experienced a long period of war and shortage of soldiers afterthe Han Dynasty. In 581 ad, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, unifiedChina again. Later, in the southeast of Changan City in the Han Dynasty, YuWenkai, a famous architect, designed and supervised the construction of DaxingCity, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. The scale, layout and scientificfacilities of Daxing City obviously exceeded that of Changan City in HanDynasty, which laid the foundation of Changan City in Tang Dynasty. TangDynasty is the heyday of Chinese history, and Changan city is also anincomparable brilliant model in the history of Chinese capital. Changan is notonly the political, economic and cultural center of the Tang Empire, but alsothe largest international city in the east of the world.

"The ancient imperial state in the middle of Qin Dynasty". History choseXian and Xian enriched history. Today, whenever people talk about the formerChangan in Xian, they are full of national pride and admiration for the richand incomparable ancient courtesy of China for thousands of years.

If history chose Xian as the capital of emperors, making it the centralstage of Chinas politics, economy and culture for more than a thousand years,then the emperors who once made great achievements in Xian chose Guanzhongsprofound and extensive loess land as their final destination. As a result, thedense and grand mausoleums of emperors spread all over Guanzhong with thearrogance of the past and the present, becoming one of the most unique culturallandscapes in Xian.

The imperial mausoleum in Shaanxi can be traced back to the mausoleum ofthe Yellow Emperor more than 5000 years ago. It is the mausoleum of XuanyuanYellow Emperor, the forefather of the Chinese nation. It is on the top ofQiaoshan mountain in Huangling County, north of Xian. Ever since ancient timesand every year, countless Chinese and Miao descendants have come here to payhomage to the mausoleum, find their roots, ask their ancestors, and remembertheir saints. In addition to the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, more than 70emperors were also buried in Guanzhong during the 20__ years from the WesternZhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ancient Changan was not only the political and economic center of Chinafor a long time, but also the center of religious culture. In the Tang Dynasty,with political stability and economic development, the religious culture ofChangan reached its peak. At this time, not only the native Taoist culture inChina was widely spread, but also the foreign Buddhist culture was in aprominent position in social life.

Since the introduction of Buddhism into China in the Han Dynasty, it hasbecome the ideology of the gentry through the southern and Northern Dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty, it became a common practice to respect and worshipBuddhism. As the eastern end of the "Silk Road" and a cosmopolitan metropolis,Changan has gathered eminent monks and missionaries from all over the world.Inside and outside the city of Changan in the Tang Dynasty, there are manypagodas and temples, and there are many people who preach and listen to theDharma. According to historical records, there are 122 monasteries and 31nunnery monasteries in Changan city. Emperors and court dignitaries are proudto build monasteries and spend time with monks. The scale of these monasteriesis also amazing. For example, Cien Temple, which is called "Chonglou Fudian,Yunge Dongfang, more than ten monasteries, has a total of 1896, covering 342mu.". In the enlightened and open Tang Dynasty, not only the various sects ofBuddhist temples and Taoism as the national religion were very active, butNestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam also spread to China one after another,making an indelible contribution to the prosperity of Chinese and foreigncultures.

Today, there are still many religious and cultural relics inside andoutside Changan city. The towering big wild goose pagoda of Cien Temple andthe beautiful small wild goose pagoda of Jianfu temple have become the symbol ofXian, a famous historical and cultural city. Famen Temple has become a Buddhistholy land again because of the excavation of four Buddhist finger relicscollected in the Tang Dynasty. Daxingshan temple, Qinglong temple, Xiangjitemple and other famous temples have also become symbols of friendly exchangesand tourist attractions between China and foreign countries. The famous TaoistLouguantai, Baxian palace and Huajue Lane Muslim temple in the city areimportant places for the spread of Taoist and Islamic culture.

In history, the ancient city of Xian provided a broad and bright stage forChina to show its great and brilliant posture to the world, and made immortalcontributions to the survival, improvement and development of the Chinesenation. Perhaps it is just out of the reward for Xian that history generouslypresented this magical land with numerous historical relics and cultural relics.It is an invaluable treasure. It not only makes every Chinese proud and feel theresponsibility of history, but also as one of the cream of human culturalheritage, let people from all over the world comprehend the clear trajectory ofsocial courtesy development and the endless creativity of human beings.

The historical relics in Xian and Guanzhong area have the integrity ofrare historical sequence. This outstanding advantage is determined by thelong-span characteristics of Xians long history, which is difficult for manyhistorical cities to match. There, the Paleolithic artifacts of the Lantian apeman 1.15 million years ago and the painted pottery basin of the mud illusion ofthe matriarchal clan settlement in Banpo 6000 years ago jointly outline thecontext and footprints of the survival, reproduction and development of theprimitive ancestors; the deep, dignified, mysterious and treacherous bronzes ofthe Shang and Zhou dynasties represent the living atmosphere of the aristocratsin the slave society; The magnificent terracotta warriors and horses andexquisite stone portraits of the Qin and Han Dynasties are wrapped with thepolitical situation and flames of war in the early feudal society; the gorgeousmurals and colorful gold and silver wares of the Sui and Tang Dynasties recordthe glorious chapter of the golden age; and the steles, porcelain products,calligraphy and paintings of the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are thewitness of the continued development of politeness in Xian after the loss ofthe prosperity of the imperial capital It is no exaggeration to say that it isno different to read a condensed general history of China to search the culturalrelics of Xian in chronological order.

Xian and its surrounding areas are rich in cultural heritage materials andcomplete categories, which is another major advantage. Not to mention thelarge-scale sites such as FengHao of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xianyang palaceof the Qin Dynasty, Changan city of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the ancientbuildings, temples, and grottoes of Meilun and meimian, the number of movablecultural relics alone has reached more than 600000 pieces (groups) according topreliminary statistics. Including ceramics, bronzes, jade, gold and silver,murals, stone and brick carvings, inscribed steles, seals and other categories.In this sense, the ancient city of Xian itself is a natural history museum, apalace of cultural art.

The natural landscape of Xian is also unique. In and around Xian, thereare Xiyue Huashan, which is known as "the most dangerous place in the world",Zhongnan mountain, which is cultivated by Wang Chongyang, the founder ofQuanzhen school, Taibai Mountain, which is known as "natural geological museum",Lishan Mountain, which is known as "Nuwa Butian", Louguantai, which is the mostblessed place in Dongtian, and Wangchuan, the hometown of Chinese landscape "Thehometown of ape man" -- Lantian cave and other scenic spots. The gardens inXian are full of royal style. Huaqing Palace tells the story of "song ofeverlasting regret" with its first hot spring in the world, warm and romanticlove story; Xingqing palace describes the eternal story of "Li Bai drunk"; asong "the sunset is infinite, just near dusk" makes leyouyuans dusk a charminglandscape. "Last year and today in this gate, peoples faces and peach blossomswere red. People do not know where to go, peach blossom still smile springbreeze If you have a chance to go to Weiqu, you must be able to feel true loveunder the peach tree with the dream of "human face peach blossom". There are 11forest parks in Xian, which constitute the natural oxygen bar of the ancientcity.

The combination of humanity and landscape constitutes the unique charm ofancient Xian.

As the first ancient capital of China, Xian, after more than 3000 years ofdevelopment, shoulders numerous glorious and glorious dreams of the Chinesenation, and is firmly marching towards the future.

In 1949, after the founding of the peoples Republic of China, the ancientcity of Xian opened a new chapter in its own development history. Since the1980s, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, 6.18 millionpeople in Xian have seized the opportunity of the times, guided by science andtechnology, tourism, commerce and trade, and made great efforts to build Xianinto a socialist export-oriented city. A thriving and dynamic Xian city isstanding in the world. Today, Xian is an important base for scientific andtechnological research and development in contemporary China. There are morethan 3000 scientific research institutions in the city, including not only thescientific research institutions of machinery, electric power, electronics,aviation, aerospace, geology, chemical industry, textile, instruments, metersand nuclear industry, but also the only watch industry research institute inChina and the satellite measurement and control center, the central nerve ofaerospace measurement and control network.

Today, Xian is an important base of Chinas higher education. There are 42institutions of higher learning, more than 10 mobile stations for postdoctoralresearch, about 100 doctoral degree awarding points and more than 300 mastersdegree awarding points in the city. Every year, the city trains a large numberof modern talents for the country, becoming a veritable "cradle of talents".

Today, Xian is a world famous tourist hot spot city. The long and vasthistorical and cultural heritages, the beautiful and magnificent natural sceneryof Northwest China, and the various and magical traditional folk customsconstitute the unique tourism resources in Xian, attracting countless touristsfrom home and abroad to explore. With the development of tourism, tourismfacilities and municipal engineering have been further improved. With Xian asthe center, high-grade highways are interwoven in all directions. The connectionof Eurasian Continental Bridge and the completion of Xian XianyangInternational Airport make the connection between Xian and other countries morefrequent and close. A large number of star hotels and modern entertainmentfacilities and places have sprung up, which not only provides a guarantee forthe development of tourism, but also adds style and charm to the appearance ofthe ancient city.

In order to enrich the cultural and entertainment life of tourists and meetthe needs of leisure and vacation, Xian has built more than 3700 cultural andentertainment facilities in various forms, such as tangle palace, gudu GrandTheater, Tanghua song and dance theater, shange Grand Theater, Ginza nightclub,Taoyuan Lake Bowling Club, etc; It has launched such artistic programs as TangChangan music and dance, imitating Tang music and dance, soul of Qin terracottawarriors, and folk music and dance in Northern Shaanxi, which have won praisefrom tourists at home and abroad.

Xians tourism commodity production has strong local characteristics.There are abundant folk arts and crafts, such as terracotta figurines, antiquebronzes, Qin embroidery, jade, silk, craft porcelain, Huxian farmers paintings,Tang Sancai, porcelain plate paintings, landscape tables, straw paintings,Guanzhong paper-cut, etc. There are 26 designated foreign tourism shops in thecity, which can meet the different levels of shopping needs of tourists. At thesame time, the catering industry in Xian can provide tourists with uniqueShaanxi cuisine, such as imitation Tang cuisine, Dumpling Banquet, muttonsteamed bun and famous local snacks.

Today, Xian is still an open international metropolis. After summing upthe rise and fall of history and understanding the perfect future, the people ofXian have deeply realized that opening the door to the world and letting Xiango to the world is the only way for the development and prosperity of todaysancient city.

History has treated Xian well in the past, and Xian will live up tohistory!

Founded in 1087, Xian stele forest is an art treasure house with theearliest and largest number of ancient steles in China. There are more than 1000steles and epitaphs from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. There is a forestof Steles, so it is called the forest of steles. The forest of Steles in Xianis rich in materials. It is not only a treasure house of ancient Chinesecalligraphy, but also a collection of ancient literature and stone patterns. Itdescribes some achievements of Chinas cultural development and reflects thehistorical facts of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, soit is famous at home and abroad.

The forest of Steles in Xian was developed on the basis of preserving thestone scriptures of Tang Dynasty. The Shijing in Tang Dynasty includes ShitaiXiaojing written by Li Longji in 745 AD and Kaicheng Shijing carved in 837ad.

In front of the first exhibition room of the forest of Steles is a pavilionspecially built for displaying Shitai Xiaojing. Shitai Xiaojing is the largeststele in the forest of steles. It was written by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong ofTang Dynasty, in 745 ad. The book of filial piety was compiled by Confuciusstudents, who specially emphasized filial piety. The first part is Li Longjispreface to filial piety. The purpose of Xuanzongs preface to filial piety is toshow that he wants to govern the world with filial piety. The following is theoriginal text of filial piety, and the small words are the annotation of EmperorXuanzong for filial piety. The base is composed of a three-layer stone platform,with vivid lines carved on it, such as vines, lion flowers, etc. it is arepresentative of the Mid Tang Dynasty, with relief cirrus above. The stele iscomposed of four stones with a stone platform under it, so it is called "stoneplatform filial piety".

The first exhibition room of the forest of Steles mainly displays theKaicheng Shijing. The materials include Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Zhouli, Yili,Liji, Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, Chunqiu Gongyang biography, Chunqiu Guliangbiography, Analects of Confucius, Xiaojing, Erya and other 12 scriptures, with650252 words, 114 square stones and inscriptions on both sides. More than 30000characters on 17 sides of Mencius, which was made up in the Qing Dynasty, arealso displayed here, collectively known as the thirteen classics. Twelveclassics are the necessary books for intellectuals in feudal society. Becausethe printing technology was not very developed at that time, in order to avoidthe mistakes made by the literati in copying scriptures, and to preserve thempermanently, the 12 scriptures were engraved on stone tablets as models, whichwere set up in the Imperial Academy of Changan City for people to proofread.Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, China has carved scriptures seven times. KaichengShijing is the only complete set of stone scriptures.

大学生个人演唱会策划书

一 、活动主题：

以“唱响心灵之曲，丰富校园文化”为主题。每一个人都有自己的梦想，有很多人通过坚持不懈的努力实现自己的梦想，实现人生的价值，创造自己这个世界。而我只是想给自己搭建一个舞台让自己自由的歌唱，让心灵之声没有束缚的回响。

二、活动目的：

为丰富校园文化活动，展现我校大学生积极向上的精神面貌，倡导健康高雅的文化活动，推动高雅艺术在校园的发展，引领我们做先进的文化倡导者和实践者，通过个人音乐会的形式来证明高等专科学校艺术教育系师生的努力和成果汇报展演。同时，也是对作为21世纪的大学生在校努力学习的检测。

三 、 活动主旨：

通过本次音乐会，人生仅此一次，让自己的梦想飞翔！ 每一个人都有追求梦想的权利，让大家看到不一样的，看到在舞台上为艺术而跳动的一颗狂热的心，听到我的心灵 之声，用心在歌唱的声音。

四、活动意义：

继承和发扬校园文化精神，营造浓厚的校园文化氛围。同时，让更多的同学对音乐有个全面的了解和认识，使我们的校园充满活力和青春的气息。

五、个人简介：

，24岁，现就读于“高等专科学校”艺术教育系音乐表演专业。曾参与多种类型的演出，在校期间成绩优秀每学年都获得“系奖学金”和“声乐单项奖”，曾获得过国家一等奖学金”“优秀学生干部”等荣誉称号。担任班上学习委员，还担任学校“白鸽表演队”队长，在职期间曾多次组织学校各项大型文艺演出，都取得了圆满的成功，得到学校老师和同学的一致好评。我的最大梦想是在大学期间能开一场属于自己的“毕业个人音乐会”。24岁的我，没有华丽的外表，也没有德高望重的名声，但是，凭着追求梦想的那份执著，对音乐的不懈追求，成就自己的梦想！转眼间，大学生活就要结束。三年来，在贵州商专艺术教育系这片充满希望的沃土上，勤采朝露夕英，广沐春光秋韵，贪婪地撷取着一颗颗神秘而耀眼的珠玉；三年来，五线谱上跃动的音符，教室里朗朗的书声，琴房中忙碌的身影，筑成心中一道美丽的风景；三年来，母校的温馨，恩师的教导，同窗的情谊，成为我战胜自我、战胜困难无尽的动力。离别之际，情意难舍，为感谢母校两年来的培养，对以前所学知识做以总结，特以“唱响心灵之曲，丰富校园文化”为主题，举办这次毕业独唱汇报音乐会。

六、声乐指导老师：张涛

七、整体安排：

1、晚会名称：x个人独唱音乐会

2、晚会目标：展现艺术教育系声乐专业教学成果

3、演出时间：待定

4、演出地点：待定

5、主办单位个人：艺术教育系声乐10一1班

6、承办单位：

7、赞助单位：

8、邀请嘉宾：

9、到场观众：商专在校学生、社会爱好音乐者、

10、迎宾：待定

11 、后勤工作人员：待定

12、会场布置和策划：待定

13、维护现场秩序：待定

14、会场卫生清理：待定

八、实施步骤：

1、宣传动员 召开动员会议，统一思想，提高认识、明确分工，以确保各项筹备工作的顺利开展。 下发《实施方案》，明确要求。

2、歌曲确定 根据方案总体要求，确定专人，具体负责本组的具体工作。节目要求符合个人专场主题，负责人员在制定时间内完成节目的制定准备工作，节目组负责节目名单的确定，主持人根据节目，完成主持稿撰写，本次活动最终解释权为。

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大家现在看到的这尊庄严的石像是老君像，是道教的石刻。老子像是道教的教主李耳的雕像。因为它是唯一反映道教的石刻，所以就非常珍贵。不知大家有没有发现，这个老子像的眉目不像我们中原人。据说这是因为这个作品的雕塑者是西域的一个著名雕塑家，名叫元伽儿。他从小就生活在少数民族的圈子当中，作画、写生都是以本民族的人为摹本，久而久之就形成了他这种独特的风格。老子的形象庄严肃穆，耐人寻味。台座的变形牡丹花图案疏密有致，匀称饱满。它原先位于骊山的华清宫朝元阁内，当年接受过唐玄宗的膜拜。后来在一个风雨交加的晚上，朝元阁倒塌了，使老子像的外面裹了一层泥塑，所以至今保存完整。于1963年移存到这里，是唐代石雕中的珍品。

好了各位，今天我们的碑林博物馆之行到这里就全部结束了。感谢各位的参观，谢谢!

各位游客，这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。现在我们来到城墙脚下，请大家走上城墙游览。

大家一定想知道城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是纳民，所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国，由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇，同样是城墙的意思。只是后来随着社会的发展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解释。“城”字最早出现在周朝的金文中，从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制，而在意识形态上看，城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙，是用它来保护自己，宣示国威。现在我们看到的西安城墙，是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年(公元1370年)朱元璋下诏修城开始动工，至洪武十一年(公元1378年)完工，历时8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的，经过历代修葺，基本上保持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。

【城垣规模和结构设施】

各位游客，那么西安城墙到底有多大呢?它的结构又是怎样的?据测算，西安城墙周长11.9千米，其中东城墙2590米，西城墙2631.2米，南城墙3441.6米，北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。

大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城，那叫瓮城。所谓瓮城，意为敌人一旦进入，就会受到瓮城城墙上面的四面夹击，犹如瓮中之鳖，无法逃脱。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城，古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间，关闭城门后尚未回城的人可连同自己牵的羊、赶的马等，进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息，等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门(西门)瓮城北门外约17.5米处发现羊马城北侧门道，长5.5米，宽2.4米。现在大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城，墙体长198米，高9.5米。

护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载：唐天佑年间，韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时，东郭小城大部分被包在大城内，留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前，四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段，郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。

现在我们来到西安城内东北处，这里曾经是明秦王府城，简称王城。明初，朱元津封其次子为秦王，命其坐镇西安，加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙，全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖，故称砖墙。明灭后，萧墙被毁。清雍正年间，西安修庙宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。

明代建西安城时，全城城门有4座：“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼，也叫正楼，是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼，因楼壁辟有箭窗，是当时发箭防御之用。到了民国时又开辟了4座城门，俗称小四门：中山门(小东门)，在现在的东新街东端，是为纪念孙中山修建的;勿幕门(小南门)，在今天的四府街南端;玉祥门(小西门)，在莲湖路西端，解放后，此门被拆;解放门(小北门)，原名中正门，在解放路北端，当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建，到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在解放后也开辟了新城门，南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，只有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。

古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼，值得一看。

【焕发新颜的古城墙】

各位游客，经过十多年的整体开发，古都西安已把位于市中心的残破的明代城垣，改造成颇具特色、中外罕见的环城旅游风景区。1983年，西安市开始了建国以来规模最大的文物保护开发，到1997年底累计投资2.27亿元，不仅全面修缮了城墙，填补了大小洞穴1650个，还重建敌楼四座、角楼2座以及南门月城、闸楼、吊桥各一处，同时对环城河、林、路进行了全面整治。现在，从14条被修复的马道缓步登城，能见到长1334o米的城垛，还有11500米的女儿墙也全部修复。站在高12米的城头上举目远眺，南边的终南山、北部的渭水河遥遥相望;俯首四顾，城内城外市容尽收眼底。城上还陈列弓弩。滚木、擂石等防卫工具，城下复设吊桥、云梯，供人使用参观。从城墙下到环城河边，修建了20多座桥，城河到城脚之间的环城绿化带，成了西安最大的绿化公园，茅屋瓦舍，仿古亭廊，诗碑雕塑，应有尽有。

各位游客，西安古城墙的开发，受到了中外人士的高度评价：过去把古城墙看作是妨碍现代化城市发展的枷锁，如今它却成了使古城增添姿彩的花环。专家们还评价，秦始皇兵马湘的发掘，一举成就了世界奇迹;而西安明代城墙的维修，同样引起了世界瞩目。联合国教科文组织的专家来此后，一致同意推荐它列入“世界遗产名录”。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，只有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。

古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼，值得一看。

大雁塔，全称“慈恩寺大雁塔”，始建于公元652年，楼阁式砖塔采用磨砖对缝，砖墙上显示出棱柱，可以明显分出墙壁开间，是中国特有的传统建筑艺术风格。

大雁塔位于陕西省西安市南郊慈恩寺内，大雁塔是全国著名的古代建筑，大雁塔被视为古都西安的象征。大雁塔相传是玄奘大法师从印度（古天竺）取经回来后，专门从事译经和藏经之处。因仿印度雁塔样式的修建故名雁塔。大雁塔由于后来又在长安荐福寺内修建了一座较小的雁塔，为了区别，人们就把慈恩寺塔叫大雁塔，荐福寺塔叫小雁塔，一直流传至今。大雁塔这座有着1300多年历史的大雁塔，大雁塔成为古城西安独具风格的标志。大雁塔初建时只有5层，高60米，是仿照西域佛塔形式建的。后经多次修葺至今塔高64米，共7层，底边各长25米。

大雁塔旅游指南：大雁塔是中国楼阁式砖塔的优秀典型。塔身用青砖砌成，每层四面都有券砌拱门，这种楼阁式砖塔造型简洁，气势雄伟，有显著的民族特色和时代风格。至于雁塔之前冠以“大”字，则是后人为了区别于荐福寺小雁塔之故。塔内有木梯，可以盘旋登塔，自券门凭栏远眺，可饱览关中大好风光。大雁塔的底层南门两侧，镶嵌两块石碑，一块“大唐三藏圣教序”，是唐太宗在贞观廿二年（648）。为玄奘所译诸经作的总序。另一块“大唐三藏圣教序论”是唐高宗为“圣教序”所作的纪文，此二碑是研究唐代书法、绘画、雕刻艺术的重要文物。尤其是塔的西石门楣上的线刻殿堂图，更是研究唐代建筑的珍贵资料。

Today, we will visit Huashan Mountain, which is known as "stone for lotusand cloud for platform". Huashan Mountain is located in Huayin City, ShaanxiProvince, 100 kilometers away from the ancient city of Xian. It is a branch ofthe eastern Qinling Mountains. It was formed as early as 700 million years ago.It was called "Xiyue" in ancient times. It is one of the five mountains inChina. In December 1992, Huishan mountain was rated as one of the top 40 scenicspots in China. It is tall and steep, magnificent. The five main peaks aretowering, just like a blooming lotus, full of vitality and brilliance. The fivemain peaks are called Dongfeng (Chaoyang peak), Xifeng (Lianhua peak), Nanfeng(Luoyan peak), Beifeng (Yuntai peak) and Zhongfeng (yunnv peak). Among them,Nanfeng is the highest with an altitude of 2160.5 meters, while Beifeng is thelowest with an altitude of 1614.7 meters. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of theNorthern Wei Dynasty, said in shuijingzhu that Huashan Mountain "looks like aflower from a distance.". In ancient Chinese, "Hua" and "Hua" are common, sothey are called Huashan. According to the research of Gu Yanwu, a scholar inQing Dynasty, our ancestor Xuanyuan yellow emperor once lived in the YellowRiver Valley of Huashan and Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province, so the Chinesepeople are called Huaxia descendants. The "Hua" of "China" is named afterHuashan, which has become the spiritual portrayal of the Chinese nation. It canbe said that the Yellow River is the mother river and Huashan is the fathermountain.

I believe that even friends who have never been to Huashan will learnsomething about Huashan from some interesting myths and anecdotes, such as "aroad to Huashan since ancient times", "fairy palm of Huayue", "aloes splittingmountain to save mother", "Huashan discussing sword", and modern wisdom tocapture Huashan. These beautiful myths and stories reflect peoples yearning andworship for Huashan since ancient times.

How did Huashan come into being? First of all, there is a legend: it issaid that when Dayu was harnessing the water, people and gods helped himeverywhere. When the water of the Yellow River led out of Longmen and came toTongguan, he was blocked by two high mountains. Dayu could not help sighing.When the giant spirit heard Dayus sigh in heaven, he immediately came to Dayuby flying clouds and fog, expressing his willingness to help him. The giantspirit seized the top of a mountain in the south. The mountain was split in twoin an instant. Then he opened the mountain in the north with his feet. TheYellow River flowed through the gap. The mountain in the south is divided intotwo parts, the high one is Huashan, and the low one is Taihua. Li Bai has a poemthat "the giant spirit roars and breaks two mountains, and the flood rushes tothe East China Sea.".

Huashan overlooks the Yellow River in the north and Qinling Mountains inthe south. It is known as "Huashan ruli". The whole mountain has simple lines,such as knife cutting and axe splitting. Its unique peaks are abrupt andmajestic. It is known as "the most dangerous mountain in the world".

Huashan is famous for its wonderful and dangerous scenery. Huashan has"five wonders", which are "strange stones", "strange trees", "strange water","strange caves" and "strange roads". Huashan Shiqi, speaking of Qi, is composedof a huge and complete granite. The ancients said, "its not strange that thereare no stones in the mountain, its not strange that there are no pure stones.""Huashan is cut into four directions, its width is ten li, its height is fivethousand Ren, one stone is also called" Daqi ". Huashan has five main peaks,among which the East, West and South peaks are the highest, and the three peaksstand in opposition, "flying out of the clouds and falling into the YellowRiver", known as "three peaks outside the sky". When it comes to danger, the"Changkong plank road" erected in the air, the "Quanzhen rock" engraved on theoverhanging rock, the "Yaozi turning over" with three sides of the air, the"Yaozi turning over" with convex top and concave bottom, and the "qianchitong","baichixia", "Laojun furrow", "chaerya" and "canglongling" dug on theoverhanging rock of the cliff are all extremely dangerous.

Huashan has not only magnificent natural landscape, but also richhistorical and cultural accumulation. It is one of the four famous mountains inChina. Taoist culture has a long history here. Human landscape is everywhere,which makes people forget to return.

Todays tour of Huashan begins with Yuquan temple, which is known as thestarting point of Huashang road since ancient times. Yuquan temple is a famousQuanzhen Taoist temple in northern China and one of the main places for ChineseTaoist activities. It was built in 1049-1051 during the reign of emperorShenzong of the Song Dynasty. It was built by Taoist Jia Desheng for master ChenTuan. It was destroyed and repaired several times before it came into existencein the Ming and Qing Dynasties Now this scale, the name of Xiyi temple, becausethe song Taizu gave Chen Tuan the name "Mr. Xiyi". Later, it was renamedyuquanyuan. The scenic spots in Yuquan courtyard include baishitai, WuyouPavilion, 72 windows, Quanzhen Qizi hall, main hall, Tongtian Pavilion, etc.

Through yuquanyuan, you will embark on the journey of Huashan Mountain fromancient times. This mountain climbing Road is 12.5km long and has 9567 steps.Along the way, you can see the charming scenery of the mountains and thetempting Shinto. There is only one road to a famous mountain since ancienttimes, which is a wonder of the world. It has its own records. The road wasbuilt in the Tang Dynasty. Climbing along this road to Huashan can not onlyexercise and surpass itself, but also cherish the memory of the sages andexpress the feelings of the ancient. At the same time, this road is also themost beautiful scenery of Huashan. Only by climbing it can we really appreciateand understand Huashan.

Along the way, through wuliguan, shaluoping, maonvdong and qingkeping, wearrive at the throat of Huashan Mountain. Here is the dangerous road called"Taihua throat" named "qianchizhuang". It has 370 steps with a slope of 70degrees. Local people have a saying about this dangerous road, which is called"qianchichuang, baichixia, Laojun plough up". After a thousand feet building,the dangerous road with 46 meters high and 91 stone steps is baichi gorge.

After crossing qianchichuang and baichixia, we come to the final difficultyof climbing the north peak. It is said that there was no road here. It wasopened by taishanglaojun driving a green ox with an iron plow. Because the shapeis like a furrow left by plowing, it is called Laojun furrow. In Taoist terms,"Li Gou" means that tourists come here, that is to say, they come to heaven,leave the dust and reach the fairyland.

After Laojuns furrow, he came to the north peak of Huashan Mountain, whichwas named because it was in the north of the main peak of Huayue mountain. It isalso called "Yuntai peak" because the three peaks of Huayue look like flowers inthe distance, and the top of the north peak is surrounded by white clouds, whichis like a platform of white clouds supporting lotus. It is the lowest of thefive peaks of Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 1614 meters. Shangtong hasfour peaks: Central, South, East and West. It is not only an ideal resting placefor tourists after adventure, but also the best place to enjoy the top of themountain. On October 8, 20__, Mr. Jin Yong ascended Huashan Mountain and talkedabout swordsmen and swordsmen at the top of the mountain, presenting a moderncultural version of "Huashan swordsman".

Standing on the top of the north peak, we can see the main peak shape ofHuashan and other surrounding scenic spots. Its rocks are mainly granite, mostlywhite. Why are all the rocks in Huashan white? Geologists have found that therocks in Huashan have high content of silicon dioxide, so the color is white.Huashan, which is made of white granite, coincides with the main white in thewestern world controlled by the God of Huashan in Xiyue. This is acoincidence.

After touring Beifeng, crossing chaeryan and climbing TIANTI, you come tocanglongling, the most famous scenic spot in Huashan Mountain. Canglongling isnamed for its green and black ridge, winding like a Canglong in the air.

"After the golden gate, its another heavy day." now we are at the famousGolden Gate of Huashan. Jinsuoguan, also known as tongtianmen, is the throatleading to Huashans "tianwaisanfeng". After Tongtian gate, there is Zhongfeng,also known as yunnv peak. It is said that this was once the place where the jadegirl lived in seclusion, so it is also known as "jade girl peak". The jade girlis the daughter of Qin Mugong, one of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumnperiod and the Warring States period. She has a peerless appearance and is goodat playing flute. Now there is another cave in the West peak of HuashanMountain, which is called "the first cave in the world". It is the place wherePrincess Nongyu married Xiao Shixi, a hermit of Huashan Mountain.

After visiting Zhongfeng, you can climb the ladder to Dongfeng. Dongfeng,also known as Chaoyang peak, is 2090 meters above sea level. It is the bestplace for mountaineers to enjoy the sunrise of Huashan Mountain. The main scenicspots of Dongfeng include Botai, Yaozi turning over, chess Pavilion and so on.The kite turning over is known as the second danger of Huashan Mountain. Thecliff is more than ten feet high. When tourists arrive here, they need to climbthe iron rope by hand, step on the stone nest by foot, attach to the wall, andwhen they get near, they have to turn around on their side feet, so it is calledkite turning over.

Now we come to Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is said that geese returning to the north have torest here when they fly over Huashan Mountain, so it is also called Luoyan peak.There is water at the top of the peak. Its called yangtianchi. The water in thepond is not dry for a long time, and the water is not overflowing for a longtime, forming a spectacle. This is also the most concentrated place ofcalligraphy and stone carvings, such as "standing up to heaven", "bathing in thesun and the moon" and "towering in the sky", all of which highlight the heightof Nanfeng from different angles.

After visiting the south peak and passing through the alchemy furnace, youcome to the West peak of Huashan Mountain. Because there is a natural stone leafon the top of the peak, such as lotus petals, it is also called lotus peak, withan altitude of 2082 meters. Cuiyun palace is the best preserved Taoist temple onXifeng mountain. Its dedicated to doulao, the mother of the stars. This is alsothe place where we are all familiar with the story of Chenxiang splitting themountain to save her mother. The extraordinary as if done by the spirits of thenorth peak, we saw the great scenery of the central peak. We saw the beautifulsunrise of the East peak, and felt the high and steep south peak. We enjoyed theessence of Xifeng and enjoyed the wonders of the whole Huashan. We had beendoing amazing work for millions of years in Huashan. It has created abreathtaking and magnificent natural landscape of Huashan, and has accumulatedrich cultural connotations through thousands of years of literary and literarychants. It can be said that Huashan is closely linked with Huaxia, which is thesymbol of the Chinese nation. From the legends and allusions about Huashan, wecan see that it is not only broad, tactful, elegant, deep and serious, but alsohumorous, witty, even romantic and gentle. Isnt this a true portrayal of ourChinese nation?

西安碑林博物馆导游词【精选】

西安碑林博物馆(Forest of Stone Steles Museum)是陕西创建最早的博物馆，它以收藏、陈列和研究历代碑刻、墓志及石刻为主，成为在中国独树一帜的艺术博物馆。现有馆藏文物11000余件，其中国宝级文物19个号134件，一级文物535件。著名的“昭陵六骏”就有四骏藏于本馆。陈列由碑林、石刻艺术和其它文物展览三部分组成，共12个展室。现有7座碑室、8座碑廊、8座碑亭，加上石刻艺术室和4座文物陈列，陈列面积达到4900平米。以下是小编为大家收集的关于西安碑林博物馆导游词范文，仅供参考!

西安碑林博物馆导游词

西安碑林博物馆导游词女士们，先生们大家好!

现在我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。唐代恩所称的石经包括：唐天宝四年，也就是公元的745年，由唐玄宗书写的《石台孝经》;以及唐开成二年，也就是公元的837年刻成的《开成石经》。这些石经原来都立在唐长安城务本坊的国子监太学内。唐朝末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗迁都洛阳，驻守长安的佑国军节度使韩建将长安城进行了缩小，致使石经弃于郊外。在许多人的建议下，韩建和后来的刘郇陆续将这些碑石移到了城内的文宣王庙内，也就是今天的西大街社会路一带。由于那里地势低洼，所以对保存经石不利。于是，公元1087年，在北宋漕运大使吕大忠的组织下，又将那里的碑石移到了今天的位置。这便形成了最早的西安碑林。

“碑林”一名始于清代。它收藏了从汉到清的各代碑石3000余件，分布在七个陈列室，八个碑厅和六座碑廊之中。这些碑石主要可以分为“碑林”和“石刻艺术室”两大部分。博物馆占地面积31900平方米，陈列面积3000平方米。碑林博物馆是典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑群。它的前半部分是由原先拜谒孔子的孔庙改建而成，至今仍处处可见孔庙的痕迹。孔子是中国儒家的创始者，历来被封建统治者所推崇。汉武帝就曾提倡“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”。不知大家有没有注意到：按照中国历来的建筑制式，门都是朝南开的。而碑林的门却是东西向的。这是怎么回事呢?这是因为碑林为孔庙旧址，按照中国古代的制度，孔庙的门都开在东西两侧，以示对孔子的尊敬。西门称为“礼门”东门称为“义路”。南面的门则封闭起来，叫做“塞门”。大家现在看到的这个高大的牌坊叫做“太和元气坊”。它是明代的建筑，是由华山西岳庙移过来的，采用的是四柱三檐。上面的这些彩画是和玺彩画。中国古代制度森严，彩画也是有等级的。最高的是和玺彩画，另外还有旋子彩画和苏式彩画。

大家眼前看到的这两个半圆形的水池，它是孔庙特有的建筑。按照古代制度，国家级孔庙内的水池为圆形，叫“辟雍”;地方级孔庙内的水池为半圆形，叫做“泮池”。“泮”是三滴水加个一半的半。汉字讲究象形，“泮”就是半个水池。孔子提倡学无止境，学问永远没有满的时候，就像这水池，永远也不可能成为满圆形的。在古代，只有考中秀才的人才可以走上泮池中间的小桥，当一回秀才。

在泮池北边的这个石牌坊也是孔庙特有的建筑，称为“棂星门”。传说“棂星”是二十八星宿中主管取土的神。当年，进出棂星门有严格规定：祭孔大典时，只有主祭的最高官员才能由中门出入;一般官员由西门出入;其他人员由东门出入。所以就有了成语“旁门左道”。现在我们已经进入了棂星门内。中国古代的建筑都是讲究中轴对称的。那么，碑林也不例外。碑林的各个陈列室以棂星门的中门为中轴线，自南向北对称排列。两边的房间为临时陈列室。大家请注意看，中央道路两旁有许多的石柱，它是我国古代民间石刻的瑰宝—渭北栓马桩。这些栓马桩高2米左右，上面刻有各种纹饰，造型丰富。马是古代重要的交通和作战工具。在一望无垠的渭北高原上，出于交通与军事的需要，在驿站旁边设立了大批的栓马桩。它除了可以栓系、震慑牲畜这个目的外，还具有震邪、吉祥和装饰的意义。在解放前，渭北地区的官宦或富豪人家的院门外两侧大都栽有成排的栓马桩。

现在请大家看远出处的这个巨大的匾额，上面书写着“碑林”二字。你仔细观察就会发现，这个“碑”字少了一撇。那么为什么会少一撇呢?难道这是一个错别字吗?显然这是不可能的。这两个字出自清代著名的爱国将领林则徐之手。战争之后，他革职戍守新疆伊犁。当时路经西安，写下了这两个字。有人说“碑”字少了一撇，正好象征他当时丢了乌纱帽。其实，并不是这样的。你待会儿就会发现，碑林中的所有“碑”字都少了一撇。这是因为古代的汉字讲究对称，“碑”字少了一撇，只是为了看起来对称美观罢了。

现在请大家看这通高大威严的石碑，这便是久负盛名的《石台孝经》。它是碑林中最大的石碑。《孝经》是儒家经典之一，是由孔子的学生曾参编纂的。全书共分18章，主要讲述封建社会基本伦理道德之一的孝道。并且把孝敬父母和忠于君王联系起来，提倡“事君如事父”，以宗法血缘关系维护封建统治，因而得到历代封建统治阶级的特殊重视。认为“孝”是一切道德的根本，把“以孝治天下”视为基本统治策略。《石台孝经》的前半部分是唐玄宗李隆基用隶书为孝经作的序，目的是为了表示自己要以孝来治理天下。后半部分是孝经的原文。那些小字是李隆基为孝经作的注释。在当时，此碑立在国子监太学内，因此被称为“御碑”。又因为此碑建在三层石台之上，所以叫做《石台孝经》。这块碑石高近6米，碑座、碑身、碑首由35块巨石组成。碑顶雕有卷云蜷龙，似乎就要凌空而去。碑身由四块巨石组成，是整个碑林中碑身最大的一块石碑。碑座底下有三层石台，形制特殊。“风流天子”唐玄宗也擅长书法，这块碑刻书法工整，字迹清晰，华美飘逸，在唐代隶书中堪称佼佼者。这块碑林中的超级巨碑因为太大，只好向下延伸，在碑亭中形成一个方坑，向上则快到亭顶，显得顶天立地，气度不凡，因此被称为“迎客第一碑”。

现在请各位随我进入碑林的第一陈列室。这里展出由艾由晦、陈等楷书的《开成石经》。“开成”是因为它刻于唐文宗开成二年，也就是公元837年。“经”，是指中国古代儒家的经典著作。《开成石经》包括12部著作，除《孝经》外，《周易》通过八卦形式推测自然和社会变化，是先秦思想史的重要资料;《诗经》是编成于春秋时代的中国最早诗歌总集;《周礼》、《仪礼》和《礼记》是先秦典章制度与社会礼俗的汇集;《春秋左传》、《公羊传》、《谷梁传》分别从史料和儒家义理角度阐释我国最早的编年史《春秋》;《论语》是技记述孔子言行的专集;《尔雅》是我国最早解释词义的专著。这些都是封建社会文人学士的必读之书。因为当时雕版印刷还不普遍，为避免传抄错误，唐文宗下令把它们刻在石碑上，立于国家最高学府国子监太学内，供人们校对。《开成石经》由114块碑石双面组成，共计228面，650152字。清代又补刻了《孟子》一书9石，合称十三经。中国历史上曾经组织过7次经籍石刻，只有这一部保存得最完整。加上时代又早，史料价值极高，人们赞叹它是“世界上最厚最重的书籍“。

清真大寺位于西安市鼓楼街北隅的化觉巷内。由于它与大学习巷的清真寺东西遥遥相望，而且规模较大，故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺，为全国重点文物保护单位。

据寺内现存石碑记载，清真大寺建成唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(742年)，距今已有1250多年的历史。经宋、元、明、清几次重修和护建，逐步形成规模宏大，楼台、亭殿布局紧凑和谐，庄严肃穆的建筑群。清真寺前后分四个院落，占地面积13000多平方米，建筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧临照壁的木牌楼，高约9米，琉璃瓦顶，挑角飞檐，雕梁画栋，极为壮观。南北两边为仿古建筑的接待室。

第二院是悬挂“清真寺”匾额的五间楼。院内树木成荫，花圃对称排列，石制牌坊矗立其间，碑阴镌刻有著名书法家米芾、董其昌的题字。

第三院是敕赐殿，院中央是三层结构精巧的八角形省心楼。南北两厢是经堂、宫殿，里面珍藏有阿拉伯文和汉文翻译的《古兰经》及珍贵字画等。

第四院中心是一真亭，又名凤凰亭，南北各有面宽七间的厅房。南厅后有石碑廊，陈列着创建和重修清真寺的碑刻。

一真亭后有海棠形鱼池喷泉，亭南北各有一座碑亭。进石门，走上广阔的大月台，大殿就在正端。大殿面阔7间，进深9间，面积约1300平方米，可容纳千余人同时作礼拜。殿内天棚藻井，有画600余幅，彩画图案不一，墙壁刻蔓草花纹，套刻古兰经，构图着色，均表现中国伊斯兰教寺院建筑和宗教彩画的特色。

西安，陕西省省会、副省级城市，地处关中平原中部，北临渭河，南依秦岭，是陕西省政治、经济、文化中心，辖10区3县，总面积10108平方公里，城市建成区面积369平方公里，常住人口843.46万人，户籍人口781.67万人。

西安市位于渭河流域中部关中盆地，东经107°40′～109°49′和北纬33°42′～34°45′之间，北临渭河和黄土高原，南邻秦岭。东以零河和灞源山地为界，与华县、渭南市、商州市、洛南县相接;西以太白山地及青化黄土台塬为界，与眉县、太白县接壤;南至北秦岭主脊，与佛坪县、宁陕县、柞水县分界;北至渭河，东北跨渭河，与咸阳市区、杨凌区和三原、泾阳、兴平、武功、扶风、富平等县(市)相邻。辖境东西长约204公里，南北宽约116公里。面积9983平方公里，其中市区面积1066平方公里。

西安是历史悠久的世界历史文化名城。西安是举世闻名的世界四大文明古都之一，居中国古都之首，是中国历史上建都时间最长、建都朝代最多、影响力最大的都城，是中华民族的摇篮、中华文明的发祥地、中华文化的代表。远古时代，“蓝田猿人”就在这里繁衍生息;新石器“半坡先民”在此建立部落，公元前十一世纪，周文王在沣河两岸建立丰镐二京，从此揭开了西安千年帝都的辉煌史，有着3100多年的建城史和1200多年的建都史，先后有周、秦、汉、唐等13个王朝在这里建都，有“秦中自古帝王州”的美誉。西安曾经是中国政治、经济文化中心和最早对外开放的城市，著名的丝绸之路以西安为起点;“世界八大奇迹”之一的秦始皇陵兵马俑则展示了这座城市雄浑、厚重的历史文化底蕴。悠久的历史文化积淀使西安享有“天然历史博物馆”之誉。文物古迹种类之多，数量之大，价值之高，在全国首屈一指，许多是国内仅有、世界罕见的稀世珍宝。

西安是交通畅达、区位优势明显的城市。西安地处中国陆地版图中心和我国中西部两大经济区域的结合部，是西北通往西南、中原、华东和华北各地市的门户和交通枢纽。在全国区域经济布局上，西安作为新亚欧大陆桥中国段——陇海兰新铁路沿线经济带上最大的中心城市，是国家实施西部大开发战略的桥头堡，具有承东启西、连接南北的重要战略地位。西安是全国连接南北的“大十字”网状铁路交通和陕西省“米”字形铁路交通的重要枢纽，是全国干线公路网中最大的节点城市之一、中国六大航空枢纽之一、六大通讯枢纽之一，枢纽城市特点十分突出。随着国家高速铁路网的加快建设，未来五年内，西安一日交通圈覆盖范围将扩大到大半个中国，辐射人口由现在的6亿扩大到12亿以上。

地貌:西安市的地质构造兼跨秦岭地槽褶皱带和华北地台两大单元。距今约1.3亿年前燕山运动时期产生横跨境内的秦岭北麓大断裂，自距今约300万年前第三纪晚期以来，大断裂以南秦岭地槽褶皱带新构造运动极为活跃，山体北仰南俯剧烈降升，造就秦岭山脉。与此同时，大断裂以北属于华北地台的渭河断陷继续沉降，在风积黄土覆盖和渭河冲积的共同作用下形成渭河平原。

地质:西安市境内海拔高度差异悬殊位居全国各城市之冠。巍峨峻峭、群峰竞秀的秦岭山地与坦荡舒展、平畴沃野的渭河平原界线分明，构成西安市的地貌主体。秦岭山脉主脊海拔20xx米～2800米，其中西南端太白山峰巅海拔3867米，是大陆中部最高山峰。渭河平原海拔400米～700米，其中东北端渭河河床最低处海拔345米。西安城区便建立在渭河平原的二级阶地上。

河流、水资源 西安地区自古有“八水绕长安”之美称。市区东有灞河、浐河，南有潏河、滈河，西有氵皂河、沣河，北有渭河、泾河，此外还有黑河、石川河、涝河、零河等较大河流。其中绝大多数属黄河流域的渭河水系。渭河横贯西安市境内约150公里，年径流量为25亿立方米。西安地下水储量估算，总计约19.91亿立方米。还另辟有较理想的水源基地。20xx年12月，黑河水利枢纽主体工程建成，每年向西安供水4亿立方米，形成日供水能力120万吨，加上地下水资源，市区日供水能力可达172万吨，基本满足城市生产生活用水。

土壤:西安市土壤分布形成南北两个差异明显的区域，北部的渭河平原以黄褐土、褐土为代表，南部的秦岭山地以黄棕壤、棕壤为代表。据1980～1986年土壤普查，全市有12个土类，24个土壤亚类，50个土属，181个土种。土壤类型的复杂多样，为区内农作物的多品种组合提供了有利条件。

动植物 西安的自然植被未遭受第四纪大陆冰川直接侵袭，尚保留若干第三纪古老的孑遗植物，如银杏、水青树、连香、马甲子等。秦岭山地从高海拔向低海拔垂直分布有高山灌丛草甸、针叶林、针阔叶混交林和落叶阔叶林等自然植被类型。自然植被中野生植物资源丰富，计有野生植物138科、681属、2224种，为中国种子植物的重要“基因库”之一。渭河平原主要为大田农作物、蔬菜、果园和城市绿化等栽培植物类型。野生动物资源主要分布在秦岭山地，有兽类55种，鸟类177种，包括有大熊猫、金丝猴、扭角羚秦岭亚种、鬣羚、大鲵、黑鹳、白冠长尾雉、血雉、金鸡等珍稀动物。为保护自然生态系统和珍稀动植物资源，境内已建立3个国家级自然保护区。

矿产资源:西安境内地层发育复杂，构造类型多样，为各种矿产资源的形成提供了有利条件。已发现的矿产资源共47种，其中金属矿产21种，非金属矿产22种，能源矿产2种，其他矿产2种。大部分金属和非金属矿产分布在南部秦岭山区。秦岭以北平原地区具有良好的储存地热水的地质条件，仅城区可以开发的地热面积约780平方公里，地下热水可采储量约为5.39亿立方米。

【行政区划】

至20xx年底，全市辖新城、碑林、莲湖、雁塔、未央、灞桥、阎良、临潼、长安、高陵10个市辖区及周至、蓝田、户县3个县。共有街道、镇178个，其中街道办事处111个、镇67个。

【历史沿革】

中华人民共和国成立后，西安市的行政隶属关系和行政区划设置有过几次较大的变动和调整。

1949年5月20日西安解放，属陕甘宁边区辖市。

1950年改由西北军政委员会领导。

1953年1月27日西北军政委员会改为西北行政委员会管辖，西安市属西北行政委员会。

1953年3月12日，改为中央直辖市，为全国12个中央直辖市之一。

1954年6月19日改为省辖市。

解放初期，西安市设12个区，其中城区8个，郊区4个，城区未设立街道行政建制，郊区下设有19个乡。

1954年调整行政区划，将12个区和部分新划入的乡镇合并调整为9个区，定名为：新城区、碑林区、莲湖区、长乐区、雁塔区、阿房区、未央区、草滩区、灞桥区。

1957年4月撤销长乐、未央两区建制，市辖区减为7个。1958年11月将长安、蓝田、临潼、鄠县划归西安市。1960年撤销莲湖、碑林、新城区建制。

1961年8月将蓝田、临潼、鄠县划出。1962年恢复新城、碑林、莲湖区建制。

1965年撤销灞桥、雁塔、阿房、未央区建制，辖地合并为一个郊区，市辖区减为4个。

1966年6月，将临潼县所属阎良镇划归西安市组建为阎良区，将咸阳市(县级市)划归西安市。

1966年11月，新城、碑林、莲湖、阎良区更名为东风、向阳、红卫、东红区。

1972年恢复原名。1971年11月，经国务院批准，又将咸阳市划出。

1980年3月，撤销西安市郊区，恢复灞桥、未央、雁塔区建制。

1983年10月，经国务院批准，将渭南地区所属蓝田、临潼县和咸阳地区所属户县、周至县(1964年9月10日，陕西省人民委员会报国务院批准，将鄠县改为户县，盩厔改为周至)、高陵县划归西安市，西安市共辖新城、碑林、莲湖、灞桥、未央、雁塔、阎良7区，长安、蓝田、临潼、周至、户县、高陵6县。

1997年8月5日，经国务院批准，撤销临潼县，设立临潼区。

20xx年6月2日，经国务院批准撤销长安县、设立长安区后，西安市共辖9区4县。

20xx年3月7日，经市政府研究并报省政府批准，撤销长安区王曲镇、鸣犊镇二乡(镇)的建制，设立相应的街道办事处，其行政区域不变，以原各乡(镇)政府驻地为街道办事处办公驻地。至年底，全市辖新城、碑林、莲湖、雁塔、未央、灞桥、阎良、临潼、长安9个区及周至、蓝田、户县、高陵4个县。共有街道、乡、镇176个，其中街道办事处89个、镇40个、乡47个。 20xx年12月13日，国务院关于同意陕西省调整西安市部分行政区划的批复，撤销高陵县，设立西安市高陵区。

西安市气候概况

西安市平原地区属暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候，冷暖干湿四季分明。冬季寒冷、风小、多雾、少雨雪;春季温暖、干燥、多风、气候多变;夏季炎热多雨，伏旱突出，多雷雨大风;秋季凉爽，气温速降，秋淋明显。年平均气温13.0～13.7℃，最冷1月份平均气温-1.2～0℃，最热7月份平均气温26.3～26.6℃，年极端最低气温-21.2℃(蓝田1991年12月28日)，年极端最高气温43.4℃(长安1966年6月19日)。年降水量522.4～719.5毫米，由北向南递增。七月、九月为两个明显降水高峰月。年日照时数1646.1～2114.9小时，年主导风向为东北风(西安)。年内主要气象灾害有干旱、暴雨、洪涝、城市内涝、冰雹、大风、沙尘、干热风、大雾、寒潮和低温冻害。