张杰西安演唱会2021时间表【通用20篇】

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

店铺出让方(以下简称甲方)：身份证号码：

店铺承接方(以下简称乙方)：身份证号码：

房东(以下简称丙方)：身份证号码：

甲、乙、丙三方在自愿、平等的基础上，经友好协商一致，为明确三方之间的权利义务关系，就甲方将其承租丙方房屋所开办的店铺有偿转让给乙方、由丙方将合法拥有的房屋终结与甲方的承租关系并以同等条件有偿出租给乙方作为商业经营使用的事宜，达成以下协议：

一、甲方与乙方协商一致并同意，自 年 月 日起，甲方将位于有偿转让给乙方使用、由其自行经营。

二、乙方在 年 月 日前，一次性以现金方式向甲方支付转让费共计人民币元(大写：

)，作为店铺现有装修、装饰、设备以现有之状态全部让渡给乙方的费用，转让后，其所有权全部归乙方所有。前述转让费，也已包含甲方已向丙方支付的截止 年 月日的房屋租金，即甲方不再向乙方另行收取剩余的房屋租金。

三、甲方在 年 月 日前预交而剩余的电费、燃气押金，根据实际额度由乙方在20 年6月1日前一次性向甲方支付完毕。电费余额：计为

燃气押金：计为元。

四、转让后，甲方应该协助乙方办理该店铺的工商营业执照、卫生许可证等相关证件的过户手续，但相关费用由乙方负责;乙方承接前该店铺所有的一切债权、债务均由甲方负责;乙方承接后的一切经营行为及产生的债权、债务由乙方负责。

五、丙方与甲方于20 年8月3日签订的租房协议，租期到 年 月 日止，每年租金均为元人民币(大写：

)。租金为每年交付一次，支付时间为每年 月日。甲方将店铺转让给乙方后，乙方同意代替甲方向丙方履行原有店铺租赁合同中所规定的条款，并且由乙方与甲方按照原有租房协议条款重新进行其双方之间租房协议的签订。

六、丙方与甲方协商一致并同意，双方于 年 月 签订的租房协议，于本协议书签订之日( 年 月 日)起解除、失效。

七、其他未尽事宜，三方协商解决。

八、本协议一式三份，甲、乙、丙三方各执一份，签字后即行生效。甲、乙、丙三方共同遵守，不得违约。

甲方签字：联系方式：签订日期： 年 月 日

乙方签字：联系方式：签订日期： 年 月 日

丙方签字：联系方式：签订日期： 年 月 日

甲方：

乙方：

为落实甲方软件著作权登记事宜，保护企业知识产权，提高企业竞争力。甲方聘请乙方为其提供软件著作权登记事宜，甲乙双方经友好协商，达成以下协议。

一、服务范围

甲方委托乙方登记名称为 的软件著作权(简称“软著”)，共计 个。具体服务范围如下：(1) 对甲方软著登记进行分析、建议;(2) 指导甲方提供软著登记的相关材料;(3) 对甲方提供的材料进行整理、加工、优化，并按要求报送相关部门;(4) 代为接收中国版权保护中心下发的软著登记相关的文件，并及时告知、转交甲方;

二、服务费用及支付方式

软著登记代理费为 元/个(含官费)，共计 元，甲方于本协议签订之日付清。

三、权利和义务

3.1 在软著登记过程中，若出现“补正”等有时限要求的情况，乙方应及时通知甲方，因补正未获通过导致登记失败，乙方不承担责任;甲方逾期未对“补正”作出回复使登记失败的，乙方不承担责任。因乙方工作失误未及时通知甲方，导致登记失败的，乙方应退还甲方支付的除官费之外的代理费用。

3.2 乙方在代理过程中，不得向任何第三方泄露甲方要求保密或涉及商业秘密的事项。 3.3 软著登记周期为60个工作日左右，若因乙方工作失误使甲方未能如期取得软著证书，乙方应退还甲方支付的代理费用，并继续负责该软著申请事宜。

四、其它约定.

4.1 本协议一式二份，双方各执一份，具有同等法律效力，自双方签字盖章之日起生效。

4.2 本协议项下双方发生的一切争议，可由双方协商解决，协商不成的，提交合肥仲裁委员会仲裁。

甲方：                               乙方：

_____年_____月_____日 _____年_____月_____日

唐景云钟因铸于唐睿宗景云二年，是1953年移入西安碑林的，以青铜铸造，重约6吨。钟身为三格，最顶端蹲有蒲牢，钟身分别雕刻有精美的蔓草、祥云、凤凰、狮、牛、鹤等纹饰及32枚钟乳，既装饰了钟表，又起到调节音韵的作用。钟身正面铸有唐睿宗李旦自撰自书的骈体铭文292字，是李旦书法仅遗于世的绝少手笔。景云钟的钟声悦耳动听，浑厚悠扬，咱们每年除夕夜中央人民广播电台的钟声就是用景云钟录制的。

我左手边是另一件国宝级文物，大夏石马。大夏是少数民族匈奴族建立的一个王朝，大夏王朝只有短短的24年，由于当时的战乱，大夏国遗留下来的文物极其稀少。因此我们今天看到的这巨石马就显得更加珍贵了。

现在请大家看远处的这个巨大的匾额，上面书写着“碑林”二字。你仔细观察就会发现，这个“碑”字少了一撇。那么为什么会少一撇呢?难道这是一个错别字吗?显然这是不可能的。这两个字出自清代著名的爱国将领林则徐之手。有人说“碑”字少了一撇，正好象征他当时丢了乌纱帽。其实，并不是这样的。这是因为古代的汉字讲究对称，“碑”字少了一撇，只是为了看起来对称美观罢了。

大家眼前屹立的这通高大威严的石碑，便是《石台孝经》。《孝经》是孔子的学生曾参编撰的讲的是孝道，提倡“事君如事父”唐玄宗李隆基亲自为此碑作释作序并书写，目的就是想表示自己是以孝来治理天下。此碑高近6米，碑身、背座、碑首由35块巨石组成。所以此碑显的是顶天立地气度不凡，因此也有“迎客第一碑”之称。

女士们，先生们，叔叔阿姨阿姨夫们，老少爷们娘们们，大家早上*点钟好！

首先，我谨代表旅行社老板，全体老板娘以及全体导游向你们表示热烈的欢迎。为了表示我的热情，我要先给大家唱首歌，为什么要唱歌呢？不是因为我唱歌好听。我唱歌属于高音上不去，低音下不来，中间还走调，但是我为什么还要唱呢？我们旅行社老板说了，你们就是我的上帝，耶稣阿门啥的，你们对我们导游非常重要，你们快乐了我们旅行社老板才快乐，旅行社老板快乐经理才能快乐，经理快乐了我们导游才能快乐。所以为了你们快乐我也得唱。

初次见面，所以在这里呢，送给大家一首歌作为见面礼了：要欣赏先鼓掌（停顿），鼓掌的都是董事长：你未曾见过我，我未曾见过你，年轻的朋友一见面啦，情投意又合。你不用介绍你我不用介绍我年轻的朋友在一起呀比什么都快乐溜溜的她哟，她哟我哟心儿咿个嘿嘿嘿心儿咿个嘿嘿嘿！

我也不会说什么华丽的语言，但我保证我说过的话都灵，我嘴开光啦

我祝愿所有给我鼓掌的朋友长命百岁，我会永远记住你们的，我会永远把你们放在心里。不鼓掌的祝你们打麻将点炮，上厕所忘带手纸，嫖娼挨抓，该！

说了这么多，大家可能还都不认识我，自我介绍一下，我姓x，大家称呼我为小x就行了。小x的年龄保密，体重保密，身高保密，唯一不保密的是我的电话号码，大家需要的可以记一下哈，我的电话是，24小时开机，有什么事直接找我可以了。小x长的虽然称不上是沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花，但是我的笑容绝对的灿烂，我对工作绝对的是认真负责！顺便说一下我们家的门牌号，大家千万不要上错了车。

我听见有人乐了。那现在我给大家隆重的介绍一下咱们的司机师傅，师傅在旅游界是有名的三好先生，车技好，人好，服务态度好！我们俩将互相配合，尽量让你们每个人都满意！同时也希望各位能理解配合支持我们的工作。

哈喽!欢迎大家来到西安，我是你们的小导游刘琳，我和大家初次见面，请大家多多关照，下面我们就前往清华池吧!

朋友们，我们正在走廊，请大家往前看，那就是黄河母亲，她一身雪白，还抱着不到一岁的孩子，用乳汁哺育这他，这黄河母亲大概有两米多高。我们联想一下我们小时候，妈妈肯定也这么爱你吧!

黄河母亲大家已经看过了，我们就去对面那座山吧!它叫作鸟山，必须坐缆车去。请大家做好准备，缆车要出发了!请大家往下看，这就是清华池，很美丽吧!

好了!大家该下缆车了，我们已经到达鸟山了。请大家往里面走，看!那是八哥!多么可爱呀!大家自己看吧!可不要掉队哦!好了!大家应该看完了，我们下山吧!

look!那是青春泉!听说只要用哪里的泉水洗脸，脸上永远不会有皱纹哦!青春泉的左面是皇上和他的妃子洗澡地方，只要往里面头一两个硬币，就会来年有好运!

好了!今天的清华池一日游结束了!我也要和大家说再见了!请大家不要忘记今天哦!

在中国的西北部，美丽的西安市是著名的十三朝古都。有标志性建筑物钟楼、明长城遗址、华清池等等。可最雄伟、最有盛名的还要数大雁塔。

大雁塔自唐朝以来，由玄奘法师修建，用来存放经书的佛塔。它建在大慈恩寺内，从古至今，保存完好，现在供游人参观、游览，是我国著名的旅游景点，更是著名的古城西安的象征。西安市的市徽中央就印着大雁塔，由此可见，大雁塔是当之无愧的西安的标志。

雁塔的由来神奇玄秘。相传，在印度摩伽陀国，一个寺庙内的和尚信奉小乘佛教，吃三净食（即雁、鹿、犊肉）。一天，空中飞来一群雁。有位和尚见到群雁，信口说：“今天大家都没有东西吃了，菩萨应该知道我们肚子饿呀！”话音未落，一只雁坠死在这位和尚面前，他惊喜交加，遍告寺内众僧，都认为这是如来佛在教化他们。于是就在雁落之处，以隆重的仪式葬雁建塔，并取名雁塔。玄奘便以这个典故，修建了大雁塔。

大雁塔最早因财力不足，只是一座五层的建筑，后来因武则天信奉佛教，将它修建到了十层。可不幸的是，五代战乱又降至七层，才有今天的七层青砖塔。塔高64.5米，地面各有一个门洞，造型简洁、气势雄伟，是我国佛教建筑艺术中的不可多得的杰作。

从远处望去，你会发现大雁塔略有倾斜，这可是有来头的。过去，西安有过数次的地震，将塔震得像一边微有倾斜，后来，塔下身部分为土质，地下水不均匀，使大雁塔加速了沉降倾斜，现在逐渐收回地下水，使大雁塔“改邪归正”。

大雁塔是第一批全国重点保护文物，经过一次次整修，这个七层的青砖塔变得坚固结实，大雁塔在日后的文物保护、社会建设中，不减昔日古典的美丽，笼罩这一层迷人、神秘的面纱！吸引着世人探寻佛教文化和古代东方文明。

各位游客大家好，我是今日的导游，大家能够叫我王导，此刻我们已经走进大厅，到了兵马俑旁。这些兵马俑规模宏大，已挖掘出三个俑坑，总占地面积近20000平方米，差不多有五十个篮球场大，坑内有兵马俑大约八千个。这些在坑里的兵马俑十分整齐的排成了巨大的长方形军阵，霸气十足。就像是秦始皇当年率领的一支南征北战、所向披靡的大军。

兵马俑的规模不仅仅宏大，并且类型众多，个性鲜明。将军俑身材魁梧，身披铠甲，手握宝剑，昂首挺胸。那神态自若的样貌，一看就是久经沙场。武士俑体型健壮，体型匀称。它们身穿铠甲，手持兵器，整装待发。

骑士俑上身着短甲，下身着紧口裤，右手执缰绳，右手持弓箭好像随时准备上马冲杀。陶马与真马一般大小，一匹匹体形健壮，肌肉丰满。那跃跃欲试的样貌，好像一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程。好了，我就先说到那里吧!此刻到了自由时间，尽情的玩耍吧!

清晨的阳光洒落在厚重古朴的城墙上，仿佛给这悠悠的历史赋予了新的生机。垛子边矗立着的旗杆上的青龙、白虎、玄武、朱雀又在无声地流泻着620xx年来的沧桑。

走进城墙的东门，夏日的酷暑便被迎面吹来的习习凉风带走了。抬头望去，那城门竟然如此宽厚，难怪620xx年的风雨和战乱都无法摧毁。走上石阶，登上城墙，向下望去，只见箭楼和正楼之间有一块宽敞的空地，那就是瓮城。攻进的敌人，便成了“瓮中之鳖”。护城河、角楼、箭楼、瓮城、正城门，形成了五道防线，敌军要想攻破，极其不易。

城墙的外侧高大坚固，每隔几米就有一个垛口，站在这里向远处瞭望，似乎能感觉到身穿铠甲的勇士正挽弓搭箭与我同在这垛口前，一双炯炯有神的眼睛眺望着远方，那一呼一吸在我耳边荡漾。内侧矮墙称为女墙，围绕的就是西安内城。从这儿看去，眼前浮现的是商贾云集、热闹非凡的街市;耳畔萦绕的是小贩的吆喝声，婴童的欢笑声以及街头艺人吼出的秦腔……

细看墙头上的每一块条砖，青灰色的砖面泛着光泽，但斑驳的印迹依然隐约可见。砖与砖之间粘合得细密而又整齐。你可知这粘合剂为何物?原来古人用糯米熬成粥，与石灰混合而成，坚固无比。据说闹饥荒的时候，当地的老百姓拆了砖，只为取砖缝中那一点糯米熬粥喝，度过了那一段艰难的岁月。这一定是古代那些修建者所没有想到的。

骑上脚踏车，迎着微风与朝阳向前驶去。长乐门、中山门、解放门、安远门、安定门、永宁门一一在我眼前展现，向我诉说着岁月的故事。

各位游客：

中国拥有数百座古代城墙，其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墙规模最大，但北京、南京古城墙先后被拆毁或严重残缺，而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墙迄今仍保存完整。日本访华来西安时，放着“世界第八大奇迹”秦俑坑不看，却登上了始建于600多年前的西门城楼，领略了这座古代城墙的雄姿。下面请大家跟我一起实地去参观西安古城墙。

城墙的起源

各位游客，这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。现在我们来到城墙脚下，请大家走上城墙游览。

大家一定想知道城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释，是“盛”的通假字，“盛”是纳民，所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国，由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇，同样是城墙的意思。只是后来随着社会的发展，“城”字又包含了今天城市的解释。

“城”字最早出现在周朝的金文中，从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制，而在意识形态上看，城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙，是用它来保护自己，宣示国威。现在我们看到的西安城墙，是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年(公元1370年)朱元璋下诏修城开始动工，至洪武十一年(公元1378年)完工，历时8年，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的，经过历代修葺，基本上保持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌，反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。

城垣规模和结构设施

各位游客，那么西安城墙到底有多大呢?它的结构又是怎样的?据测算，西安城墙周长11.9千米，其中东城墙2590米，西城墙2631.2米，南城墙3441.6米，北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。

大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城，那叫瓮城。所谓瓮城，意为敌人一旦进入，就会受到瓮城城墙上面的四面夹击，犹如瓮中之鳖，无法逃脱。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城，古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间，关闭城门后尚未回城的人可连同自己牵的羊、赶的马等，进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息，等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门(西门)瓮城北门外约17.5米处发现羊马城北侧门道，长5.5米，宽2.4米。现在大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城，墙体长198米，高9.5米。

护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载：唐天祐年间，韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时，东郭小城大部分被包在大城内，留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前，四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段，郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。

现在我们来到西安城内东北处，这里曾经是明秦王府城，简称王城。明初，朱元津封其次子为秦王，命其坐镇西安，加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙，全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖，故称砖墙。明灭后，萧墙被毁。清雍正年间，西安修庙宇，秦王府的建筑多被拆除，砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。

明代建西安城时，全城城门有4座：“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼，也叫正楼，是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼，因楼壁辟有箭窗，是当时发箭防御之用。到了民国时又开辟了4座城门，俗称小四门：中山门(小东门)，在现在的东新街东端，是为纪念孙中山修建的;勿幕门(小南门)，在今天的四府街南端;玉祥门(小西门)，在莲湖路西端，解放后，此门被拆;解放门(小北门)，原名中正门，在解放路北端，当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建，到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在解放后也开辟了新城门，南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。

一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台，台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现，那些古敌楼没有留下一个，只有部分尚存础石。之后，西安重建敌楼12座，为砖木结构，歇山顶式，重檐二层楼，底层周设回廊。

古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备，还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东，后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼，值得一看。

西安英文导游词

inside the fourth courtyard, there is a structure called the phoenix pavilion, a place where worshipers wait for services. the pavilion, in fact, is a complex of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure in the central part is adjoined by two three-gabled buildings on each side which make it look like a flying phoenix; hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion there is a fish pond, and beyond it is a platform with an area of 700 square meters. acrothe platform stands the 1,300-square-meter prayer hall. it holds over 1,000 worshipers at a time. the ceiling is decorated with over 600 panels. the walls of the hall, as well as the panels, are decorated with patterns of trailing plants and arabic letters. the shrine at the western end of the hall is where the imam and worshipers chant the koran and pay homage while facing in the direction of mecca.

the moslems in china share much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night.

the constitution of china acknowledges that each citizen has the right freedom of religion, and that each ethnic group has the freedom to preserve or reform its own customs. of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with other ethnic groups, and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

huaqing pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of xi’an. historically, the western zhou dynasty saw the construction of the li palace on the spot. in the qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name lishan tang (the lishan hot spring). the site was extended into a palace in the han dynasty, and renamed the li palace (the resort palace). in the tang dynasty, li shimin (emperor tai zong) ordered to construct the hot spring palace, and emperor xuan zong had a walled palace built around lishan mountain in the year of 747. it was known as the huaqing palace. it also had the name huaqing pool on account of its location on the hot springs.

huaqing pool is located at the foot of the lishan mountain, a branch range of the qinling ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. it is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. so it has the name of the lishan mountain (li means a black horse).

the tang dynasty emperor xuan zong and his favourite lady, yang gui fei used to make their home at frost drifting hall in winter days. when winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. however, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. it owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. this is the frost drifting hall that greets us today.

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

共3页，当前第1页123

甲方：

乙方：

甲方大门右侧房屋予以出租，经乙方申请，甲方班子会议研究决定，由租赁经营，经双方协商达成如下协议：

一、甲方责任

1.提供房屋壹间。

2.负责房屋及其它设施的维修，保证水电线路畅通。

3.不定期对经营场所进行安全和卫生等检查。

二、乙方责任

1.只许经营国家法律法规允许范围内的商品。

2.自觉遵守暂住人口管理规定，不得影响甲方师生正常的工作、学习和生活。

3.违法经营所造成的后果，负全部责任。

4.水电费自理，水费每月按方交纳，电费按照度量按时标准缴纳。

5.室外宣传张贴内容、样式须报学校批准。

6.不准在经营场所内搞违法活动，并保持清洁卫生。

7.要爱护室内外设施，如损坏照价赔偿。

8.因疏于管理出现的安全等事故由乙方负全部责任。

9.对甲方提出的安全、卫生等方面的问题，确保在规定时间内整改。

10.每年上交甲方租赁费元，签定合同时交纳。如不按时交纳，每天按上交金额的2%交滞纳金。

三、其它

1.合同期限自________年________月________日至________年________月________日。一方若中止合同，须提前三个月通知对方。对乙方不能按合同要求擅自变更经营内容及项目，甲方立即与乙方中止合同，而无须再提前三个月通知乙方，甲方不承担任何责任。

2.合同未尽事宜，由甲乙双方协商解决。

3.本合同一式两份，盖章签字生效。甲乙双方各执1份。

甲方：乙方：

________年________月________日________年________月________日

一、公寓楼基本情况

目前，_号公寓楼共有宿舍_间(_人间)。其中学生入住_间，公寓管理员_间，公寓辅导员_间，学校辅导员_间，商业用途_间，空闲_间，空床位_个。公寓楼入住学生共计_人。其中，_级_人，_级_人，_级_人，_级_人;主要分布在_学院_人，_学院_人，_学院_人，_学院_人，_学院_人，_学院_人，_学院_人，_学院_人。20__年毕业生_人，新生_人。20__年即将毕业生_人，主要分布在_、_、_、_、_宿舍。

二、工作开展情况

经过总结，近一年工作主要为一下四个方面：一、日常工作与协调;二、思想引导与调节;三、安全教育与防范;四、应急反应与预案。

一、日常工作与协调

1. 20__年6月，配合学校开展“_大学学生纪律检查”工作。为进一步加强纪律管理，提升大学生的纪律素养，6月5日—11日对学生宿舍区开展学生纪律检查。主要对学生宿舍不合理作息、违规使用电器、私拉电线、私藏危险器具等行为和宿舍卫生、未办手续校外居住以及影响宿舍正常秩序的喧闹、高声音响等违纪或不文明行为进行检查和排查。通过此次纪律检查，不文明之风得到有效遏制，学生的自律意识得到有效提升，公寓楼的整体环境得到有效改善。

2. 20__年7月—8月、20__年1—2月，协助公寓管理员做好寒暑假期间值班工作。假期期间，利用公寓楼提示板进行了安全防范、文明留校、突发事件等提示，并对部分留校宿舍进行走访，提醒其离开宿舍要锁好门窗，注意防盗。同时，与公寓管理员保持有效沟通，应对突发事件的发生。

3. 20__年3月，配合学生工作处开展宿舍清查、学生信息网络化的筹备

工作。为推进学校学生工作管理信息系统的完善与建设，排查公寓楼的未办手续校外居住等情况，3月份开展了公寓学生信息的摸查、核对工作。经过反复排查与核对，公寓楼居住情况良好，无不良入住现象。过程中，也发现和听取了一些问题和建议，需要与公寓管理员和学校相关部门进一步沟通。

此外，就学生反应的宿舍走电现象等情况及时与楼管沟通。

二、思想引导与调节

3. 20__年9月、20__年3月，开展文明返校、新生走访工作。9月5日—7日，_大学迎来了_余名新生。_号公寓楼共入住_位新生，集中分布在_、_八间宿舍，均为_学院_级新生。对于初到大学的新生，通过走访、谈心、互留联系方式等对其进行安全教育、学习建议、生活咨询、生涯规划，解答了不少新生的困惑，使其对大学生活开始有更理性、更积极的憧憬和向往。

4. 20__年10月—11月，针对全国各大城市、高校、青年爆发了“反日保钓”的游行示威活动，为防止在校大学生被不法分子利用、参与不当的游行活动，学校、学院、公寓展开了积极的引导大学生理性爱国、正当释放爱国情感的具体工作中来。通过板报、展板提示、提醒，下宿舍走访、把握个别学生的动向等一系列措施，保证公寓楼学生的情绪稳定。部分学生也在公寓楼内张贴了爱国标语横幅，表达坚定的爱国保钓热情。期间，未出现群体性事件和不良影响。

5. 20__年12月，倡导认真复习、诚信考试。12月，在校学生进入了紧张的复习考试阶段，通过展板等途径，正确引导大家树立正确的价值观，理性看待大学考试，充分认识考试成绩与大学生活的关系，比如奖学金、推免保送研究生、出国留学等，认识到考试中舞弊、作弊等产生的后果，认真复习、诚信考试，使自己的大学生活不留遗憾。同时，也进入了提前购买返乡车、船票的时期。

_级毕业季来临之时，向毕业生发起适度饮酒、安全离校，留住青春、热爱母校的倡议。

三、安全教育与防范

寒暑假、小长假、五一假期等期间利用公示栏制作宣传单页、海报，提醒学生做好防火、防盗相关通知;_年春全国出现禽流感后，及时在醒目位置提醒学生做好H7N9禽流感的预防工作。

四、应急反应与预案

8. 20__年4月—5月， 4〃20四川雅安地震后，主动寻找本宿舍楼共计_名四川籍同学，对其家庭、是否受灾等情况进行了解，并及时反馈相关学院;禽流感的应对等。

三、公寓楼存在的问题及反馈

经过将近一年的工作，现将有关问题汇报如下：

1. 公寓楼存在休息时间大声喧哗、声响较大的现象。经有关同学反映，公寓楼一楼、二楼的商业点存在休息时间电视声音、音响声音、进货买卖声音较大，且呈一定规律性，持续时间较长，直至半夜，严重影响了休息和睡眠。尤其在考试期间、考研复习期间，会引起睡眠焦虑。

2. 公寓楼缺少合理、规范的车棚。_号公寓楼位于学校的最南端，距离各主要教学楼、体育、办公场所都比较远，因此自行车、电动自行车数量较多。车辆堆放在宿舍门外，偶尔会出现乱堆乱放的现象，下雨天气，电动自行车便涌进宿舍楼内大厅，一定程度上妨碍了公共应急通道。一些电动车主将插线板从高楼掷下用于电动车充电，存在安全隐患。如果在附近宿舍区搭建车棚，会有效缓解此种矛盾。

3. 公寓楼庭院内或天台缺少晾晒场所。海南天气潮湿，尤其在学生返乡后，经过一个假期，衣物、被褥容易发霉，急需清洗和晾晒。然而，由于公寓楼内无较大树木(不能拉绳晾衣)，不少同学选择将被褥置于扶手栏杆，并用凳子压拂，如遇风吹，可能发生凳子坠楼事件，安全隐患较大。还有不少同学将衣物清洗后晾挂在宿舍门廊前的电线塑料管上，也可能有漏电隐患。

4. 公寓楼外施工场地噪音较大，影响休息。该问题在过去一年已多次与学校沟通，学校也制定了相关措施和通告缓解双方矛盾，但仍存在着休息时间施工、夜间照明灯过亮、噪音过大等现象，亟待进一步解决与完善。

四、未来一年工作展望

根据《_大学公寓辅导员管理考核办法》的有关规定，即将开展以下工作：

1. 进一步做好学生的思想政治教育工作，拓宽思想交流、舆情平台。在走访、谈心等传统思想政治教育方法的基础上，通过建立公寓QQ群、公共微博、微信群等途径，加强与公寓学生的沟通与交流，把握学生的思想动态，掌握学生的行动脉搏，做到沟通及时、交流有效、工作有力。

2. 积极开展公寓文化建设，推动公寓学生的互相了解，搭建有效的交流平台。可以尝试开展“楼层”篮球友谊赛、年级新老生交流会、学院宿舍文化比拼、“我爱低碳”宿舍熄灯一小时公益活动等，把思想引领、文化引领融入具体、生动的文化生活中去，提高学生参与的积极性。

3. 努力探索公寓党建团建工作，配合党团组织做好学生公寓团建和“推优”工作。通过“党员之家”宿舍挂牌、事迹宣传等方式树立典型，结合学校“宿舍之星”评比活动，营造“宿舍是我家，文明靠大家”的良好氛围。

4. 尝试组建公寓信息员之家，及时、有效地了解学生的需求和动态。通过联系和发掘公寓楼内各级学生组织的学生干部、党员干部，建立长效沟通与反馈机制，互补时间劣势，全面、及时、快速地了解和掌握学生动态、突发事件等，做到预防为主、应对及时、处理得当。

公寓辅导员作为学校开展思想政治工作的重要队伍之一，还应不断提高自身的党性高度、理论水平、思想修养，需要以身作则、加强学习、注重实践、总结方法，在不断完善自我、服务他人的过程中将工作做得更好!

尊敬的列位游客：

你们好!

我是_观光社的导游员“小丁”，名字叫丁一航。本日，就由我来为各人先容骊山。我们起首来到了骊山脚下，感受骊山很高，突兀森郁，树木很是多，让我们来乘坐骊山索道吧，在上面，看临潼很是大，很是壮观。有人这样传颂过：南视广临潼，西看古长安，北望渭河水，俯览华清宫，因此很多人看了都感想很是受惊。

此刻，我们来到了骊山顶上，先来到了鸟语林，林里有许很多多的鸟类，如：白鸽、鹦鹉，路上还可以看到野山鸡。可以让 人感受到有一种大天然的感受。接下来我们来到了道庙，内里曾是陕西省闻名道人的聚积之地，至今内里尚有一些和尚在内里拜佛、念佛，我们也可以进去拜佛、求签，以求安全。然后我们来到了狼烟台，这是周幽王“狼烟戏诸侯”时的处所，其时，周幽王获得了一个美男，名叫褒姒，但她成天忽忽不乐的，周幽王为了让他笑，就听信了奸臣的话，在狼烟台上焚烧，诸侯觉得仇人来了就领兵来看，功效扑了空，褒姒看了，就给笑了起来。其后，仇人真的来了，诸侯觉得是周幽王在和褒姒玩，就没来，功效周幽王被捕，周朝便衰落起来了，这就是“褒姒一笑失全国”的典故，具有奇异的汗青意义。

下面我们来到的处所也同样具有汗青意义，是“西安事务”的兵谏亭，其时杨虎城、张学良等人带兵在此地威胁蒋介石联共抗，蒋介石被逼无奈，只得赞成。其后，才有了“国共相助”。因此这个处地址全中京城很是著名。

我先容完了，百闻不如一见，但愿通过我的先容，能让你们对此地有所相识，能让你们对骊山有更深的印象。

甲方：________________

乙方：________________

丙方：________________

甲、乙、丙三方经友好协商，就店铺转让事宜达成以下协议：

一、丙方同意甲方将自己位于_____街(路)_____号的店铺(原为：_____)转让给乙方使用，建筑面积为_____平方米;并保证乙方同等享有甲方在原有房屋租赁合同中所享有的权利与义务。

二、丙方与甲方已签订了租赁合同，租期到_____年____月____日止，年租金为__________元人民币(大写：_______________)，租金为每(月/季/年)____交付一次，并于约定日期提前一个月交至丙方。店铺转让给乙方后，乙方同意代替甲方向丙方履行原有店铺租赁合同中所规定的条款，并且每年定期交纳租金及该合同所约定的应由甲方交纳的水电费及其他各项费用。

三、转让后店铺现有的装修、装饰及其他所有设备全部归乙方所有，租赁期满后房屋装修等不动产归丙方所有，营业设备等动产归乙方(动产与不动产的划分按原有租赁合同执行)。

四、乙方在_____年____月____日前一次性向甲方支付转让费共计人民币_________元，(大写：_____________)，上述费用已包括第三条所述的装修、装饰、设备及其他相关费用，此外甲方不得再向乙方索取任何其他费用。

五、甲方应该协助乙方办理该店铺的工商营业执照、卫生许可证等相关证件的.过户手续，但相关费用由乙方负责;乙方接手前该店铺所有的一切债权、债务均由甲方负责;接手后的一切经营行为及产生的债权、债务由乙方负责。

六、如乙方逾期交付转让金，除甲方交铺日期相应顺延外，乙方应每日向甲方支付转让费的千分之一作为违约金，逾期___日的，甲方有权解除合同，并且乙方必须按照转让费的___%向甲方支付违约金。如果由于甲方原因导致转让中止，甲方同样承担违约责任，并向乙方支付转让费的___%作为违约金。

七、如因自然灾害等不可抗因素导致乙方经营受损的与甲方无关，但遇政府规划，国家征用拆迁店铺，其有关补偿归乙方。

八、本合同一式三份，三方各执一份，自三方签字之日起生效。

甲方(签字)：____________日期：_________年____月____日

乙方(签字)：____________日期：_________年____月____日

丙方(签字)：____________日期：_________年____月____日

大雁塔(Da Yan Ta)(英文：Great Wild Goose Pagoda)陕西省西安市著名的旅游景点，唐代永徽三年(公元652年)，玄奘为藏经而修建，被视为古都西安的象征。

民间人士道：“不到大雁塔，不算到西安。”大雁塔又名大慈恩寺塔，位于中国陕西省西安市南郊大慈恩寺内。因坐落在慈恩寺西院内，大雁塔原称慈恩寺西院浮屠(浮屠即塔的意思)。是中国唐朝佛教建筑艺术杰作。

大雁塔是楼阁式砖塔，塔通高64.5米，塔身为七层，塔体呈方形锥体，由仿木结构形成开间，由下而上按比例递减。塔内有木梯可盘登而上。每层的四面各有一个拱券门洞，可以凭栏远眺。整个建筑气魄宏大，造型简洁稳重，比例协调适度，格调庄严古朴，是保存比较完好的楼阁式塔。在塔内可俯视西安城。

大雁塔是西安市的标志性建筑和著名古迹，是古城西安的象征。因此，西安市徽中央所绘制的便是这座著名古塔。

唐代诗人岑参曾在诗中赞道：“塔势如涌出，孤高耸天宫。登临出世界，磴道盤虚空。突兀压神州，峥嵘如鬼工。四角碍白日，七层摩苍穹。”大雁塔的恢宏气势由此可见。

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Xian.

Xian, a famous historical and cultural city, is located in the middle ofWeishui plain on the West Bank of the Yellow River. There is fertile land, avast expanse of eight hundred Li Qinchuan, natural treasures, outstandingpeople. On the land of China, this dazzling pearl inlaid in the southern end ofthe Loess Plateau, once had a world-famous, extremely brilliant history andculture, but also had green waters and mountains, extremely beautiful naturallandscape.

In the East and west of Xian, the Qinling Mountains, known as the"Oriental Alps", are crisscrossed and meandering. On this beautiful scenic line,there are Huashan Mountain, which is known as the first of the five mountains,Lishan Mountain in Lintong, which is famous for its hot spring soup pools,Zhongnan mountain, which is green in all seasons and rare in its interior, andTaibai Mountain, which is called a wonder for its snow cover in June. They forma natural and unique scenery group. In ancient Changan, there were eightrivers, Wei River, Chan River, Ba River, Lao river, Feng River, Mao River, ZaoRiver and Yu River, which were surrounded by blue waves.

This thousand year old capital at the foot of the Qinling Mountains and onthe Bank of the Weihe River has Tongguan in the East and Sanguan in the West. Inthe north, the chidao, which was built in the Qin Dynasty, is a thoroughfare forfighting against Xiongnu and supplying supplies. In the south, Ziwu Road,TangLuo Road, Baoxie road and Chencang road can cross Hanzhong to Bashu. In thesoutheast, Wuguan road in Shangluo Mountain is the throat leading to Chu. Inancient times, Changan had convenient transportation, both land and water,dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It has always been aplace for military strategists and emperors to make contributions.

Xian is an important birthplace of Chinese history and culture, and alsoone of the earliest developed areas of human civilization. In the thousands ofyears of history of the Chinese nation, perhaps no city can enjoy such a loftystatus and incomparable brilliance as Xian: it is the capital of 13 dynastiessince the Western Zhou Dynasty and the epitome of the first half of Chinesefeudal society.

Since Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Xian has been in the center of politics,economy and culture for a long time with its unique historical position. In the11th century B.C., the Zhou people grew stronger and stronger in Qishan andFufeng areas in the western part of Guanzhong, and finally established theircountry after destroying the Shang Dynasty, and established their capitals inFengjing and Haojing. Qin people successively established capitals in Yongcheng,Liyang and Xianyang, and went out of Hangu in the east to destroy the six statesand establish an unprecedented unified Qin Empire. The capital of Qin Dynasty isstill Xianyang, which is near the water on the tableland. After the destructionof Qin Dynasty by Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, he took a fancy to theeight hundred Li Qinchuan River, which is a vast expanse of fertile land, andchose to establish the capital on the South Bank of Weihe River, which is justacross from qinxianyang. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mangusurped the Han Dynasty and established a new dynasty, inheriting the capitaland system of the Han family. When the Huangjin army rose, Dong Zhuo burned allthe palaces in Luoyang, and the princes of the 18th route begged for Zhuo.Therefore, Dong Zhuo forced Emperor Xian to move westward to Changan. TheEastern Han Dynasty had six years here.

The scenic Fenghe river is full of a large number of cultural treasuresfrom the Western Zhou Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is a magical and attractiveplace. Emperor min of the Western Jin Dynasty was the emperor in Changan, andhe was destroyed in only three years. The former Zhao, the former Qin, the laterQin, the Western Wei and the Northern Zhou established their capitals here.Changan city experienced a long period of war and shortage of soldiers afterthe Han Dynasty. In 581 ad, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, unifiedChina again. Later, in the southeast of Changan City in the Han Dynasty, YuWenkai, a famous architect, designed and supervised the construction of DaxingCity, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. The scale, layout and scientificfacilities of Daxing City obviously exceeded that of Changan City in HanDynasty, which laid the foundation of Changan City in Tang Dynasty. TangDynasty is the heyday of Chinese history, and Changan city is also anincomparable brilliant model in the history of Chinese capital. Changan is notonly the political, economic and cultural center of the Tang Empire, but alsothe largest international city in the east of the world.

"The ancient imperial state in the middle of Qin Dynasty". History choseXian and Xian enriched history. Today, whenever people talk about the formerChangan in Xian, they are full of national pride and admiration for the richand incomparable ancient courtesy of China for thousands of years.

If history chose Xian as the capital of emperors, making it the centralstage of Chinas politics, economy and culture for more than a thousand years,then the emperors who once made great achievements in Xian chose Guanzhongsprofound and extensive loess land as their final destination. As a result, thedense and grand mausoleums of emperors spread all over Guanzhong with thearrogance of the past and the present, becoming one of the most unique culturallandscapes in Xian.

The imperial mausoleum in Shaanxi can be traced back to the mausoleum ofthe Yellow Emperor more than 5000 years ago. It is the mausoleum of XuanyuanYellow Emperor, the forefather of the Chinese nation. It is on the top ofQiaoshan mountain in Huangling County, north of Xian. Ever since ancient timesand every year, countless Chinese and Miao descendants have come here to payhomage to the mausoleum, find their roots, ask their ancestors, and remembertheir saints. In addition to the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, more than 70emperors were also buried in Guanzhong during the 20__ years from the WesternZhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ancient Changan was not only the political and economic center of Chinafor a long time, but also the center of religious culture. In the Tang Dynasty,with political stability and economic development, the religious culture ofChangan reached its peak. At this time, not only the native Taoist culture inChina was widely spread, but also the foreign Buddhist culture was in aprominent position in social life.

Since the introduction of Buddhism into China in the Han Dynasty, it hasbecome the ideology of the gentry through the southern and Northern Dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty, it became a common practice to respect and worshipBuddhism. As the eastern end of the "Silk Road" and a cosmopolitan metropolis,Changan has gathered eminent monks and missionaries from all over the world.Inside and outside the city of Changan in the Tang Dynasty, there are manypagodas and temples, and there are many people who preach and listen to theDharma. According to historical records, there are 122 monasteries and 31nunnery monasteries in Changan city. Emperors and court dignitaries are proudto build monasteries and spend time with monks. The scale of these monasteriesis also amazing. For example, Cien Temple, which is called "Chonglou Fudian,Yunge Dongfang, more than ten monasteries, has a total of 1896, covering 342mu.". In the enlightened and open Tang Dynasty, not only the various sects ofBuddhist temples and Taoism as the national religion were very active, butNestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam also spread to China one after another,making an indelible contribution to the prosperity of Chinese and foreigncultures.

Today, there are still many religious and cultural relics inside andoutside Changan city. The towering big wild goose pagoda of Cien Temple andthe beautiful small wild goose pagoda of Jianfu temple have become the symbol ofXian, a famous historical and cultural city. Famen Temple has become a Buddhistholy land again because of the excavation of four Buddhist finger relicscollected in the Tang Dynasty. Daxingshan temple, Qinglong temple, Xiangjitemple and other famous temples have also become symbols of friendly exchangesand tourist attractions between China and foreign countries. The famous TaoistLouguantai, Baxian palace and Huajue Lane Muslim temple in the city areimportant places for the spread of Taoist and Islamic culture.

In history, the ancient city of Xian provided a broad and bright stage forChina to show its great and brilliant posture to the world, and made immortalcontributions to the survival, improvement and development of the Chinesenation. Perhaps it is just out of the reward for Xian that history generouslypresented this magical land with numerous historical relics and cultural relics.It is an invaluable treasure. It not only makes every Chinese proud and feel theresponsibility of history, but also as one of the cream of human culturalheritage, let people from all over the world comprehend the clear trajectory ofsocial courtesy development and the endless creativity of human beings.

The historical relics in Xian and Guanzhong area have the integrity ofrare historical sequence. This outstanding advantage is determined by thelong-span characteristics of Xians long history, which is difficult for manyhistorical cities to match. There, the Paleolithic artifacts of the Lantian apeman 1.15 million years ago and the painted pottery basin of the mud illusion ofthe matriarchal clan settlement in Banpo 6000 years ago jointly outline thecontext and footprints of the survival, reproduction and development of theprimitive ancestors; the deep, dignified, mysterious and treacherous bronzes ofthe Shang and Zhou dynasties represent the living atmosphere of the aristocratsin the slave society; The magnificent terracotta warriors and horses andexquisite stone portraits of the Qin and Han Dynasties are wrapped with thepolitical situation and flames of war in the early feudal society; the gorgeousmurals and colorful gold and silver wares of the Sui and Tang Dynasties recordthe glorious chapter of the golden age; and the steles, porcelain products,calligraphy and paintings of the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are thewitness of the continued development of politeness in Xian after the loss ofthe prosperity of the imperial capital It is no exaggeration to say that it isno different to read a condensed general history of China to search the culturalrelics of Xian in chronological order.

Xian and its surrounding areas are rich in cultural heritage materials andcomplete categories, which is another major advantage. Not to mention thelarge-scale sites such as FengHao of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xianyang palaceof the Qin Dynasty, Changan city of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the ancientbuildings, temples, and grottoes of Meilun and meimian, the number of movablecultural relics alone has reached more than 600000 pieces (groups) according topreliminary statistics. Including ceramics, bronzes, jade, gold and silver,murals, stone and brick carvings, inscribed steles, seals and other categories.In this sense, the ancient city of Xian itself is a natural history museum, apalace of cultural art.

The natural landscape of Xian is also unique. In and around Xian, thereare Xiyue Huashan, which is known as "the most dangerous place in the world",Zhongnan mountain, which is cultivated by Wang Chongyang, the founder ofQuanzhen school, Taibai Mountain, which is known as "natural geological museum",Lishan Mountain, which is known as "Nuwa Butian", Louguantai, which is the mostblessed place in Dongtian, and Wangchuan, the hometown of Chinese landscape "Thehometown of ape man" -- Lantian cave and other scenic spots. The gardens inXian are full of royal style. Huaqing Palace tells the story of "song ofeverlasting regret" with its first hot spring in the world, warm and romanticlove story; Xingqing palace describes the eternal story of "Li Bai drunk"; asong "the sunset is infinite, just near dusk" makes leyouyuans dusk a charminglandscape. "Last year and today in this gate, peoples faces and peach blossomswere red. People do not know where to go, peach blossom still smile springbreeze If you have a chance to go to Weiqu, you must be able to feel true loveunder the peach tree with the dream of "human face peach blossom". There are 11forest parks in Xian, which constitute the natural oxygen bar of the ancientcity.

The combination of humanity and landscape constitutes the unique charm ofancient Xian.

As the first ancient capital of China, Xian, after more than 3000 years ofdevelopment, shoulders numerous glorious and glorious dreams of the Chinesenation, and is firmly marching towards the future.

In 1949, after the founding of the peoples Republic of China, the ancientcity of Xian opened a new chapter in its own development history. Since the1980s, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, 6.18 millionpeople in Xian have seized the opportunity of the times, guided by science andtechnology, tourism, commerce and trade, and made great efforts to build Xianinto a socialist export-oriented city. A thriving and dynamic Xian city isstanding in the world. Today, Xian is an important base for scientific andtechnological research and development in contemporary China. There are morethan 3000 scientific research institutions in the city, including not only thescientific research institutions of machinery, electric power, electronics,aviation, aerospace, geology, chemical industry, textile, instruments, metersand nuclear industry, but also the only watch industry research institute inChina and the satellite measurement and control center, the central nerve ofaerospace measurement and control network.

Today, Xian is an important base of Chinas higher education. There are 42institutions of higher learning, more than 10 mobile stations for postdoctoralresearch, about 100 doctoral degree awarding points and more than 300 mastersdegree awarding points in the city. Every year, the city trains a large numberof modern talents for the country, becoming a veritable "cradle of talents".

Today, Xian is a world famous tourist hot spot city. The long and vasthistorical and cultural heritages, the beautiful and magnificent natural sceneryof Northwest China, and the various and magical traditional folk customsconstitute the unique tourism resources in Xian, attracting countless touristsfrom home and abroad to explore. With the development of tourism, tourismfacilities and municipal engineering have been further improved. With Xian asthe center, high-grade highways are interwoven in all directions. The connectionof Eurasian Continental Bridge and the completion of Xian XianyangInternational Airport make the connection between Xian and other countries morefrequent and close. A large number of star hotels and modern entertainmentfacilities and places have sprung up, which not only provides a guarantee forthe development of tourism, but also adds style and charm to the appearance ofthe ancient city.

In order to enrich the cultural and entertainment life of tourists and meetthe needs of leisure and vacation, Xian has built more than 3700 cultural andentertainment facilities in various forms, such as tangle palace, gudu GrandTheater, Tanghua song and dance theater, shange Grand Theater, Ginza nightclub,Taoyuan Lake Bowling Club, etc; It has launched such artistic programs as TangChangan music and dance, imitating Tang music and dance, soul of Qin terracottawarriors, and folk music and dance in Northern Shaanxi, which have won praisefrom tourists at home and abroad.

Xians tourism commodity production has strong local characteristics.There are abundant folk arts and crafts, such as terracotta figurines, antiquebronzes, Qin embroidery, jade, silk, craft porcelain, Huxian farmers paintings,Tang Sancai, porcelain plate paintings, landscape tables, straw paintings,Guanzhong paper-cut, etc. There are 26 designated foreign tourism shops in thecity, which can meet the different levels of shopping needs of tourists. At thesame time, the catering industry in Xian can provide tourists with uniqueShaanxi cuisine, such as imitation Tang cuisine, Dumpling Banquet, muttonsteamed bun and famous local snacks.

Today, Xian is still an open international metropolis. After summing upthe rise and fall of history and understanding the perfect future, the people ofXian have deeply realized that opening the door to the world and letting Xiango to the world is the only way for the development and prosperity of todaysancient city.

History has treated Xian well in the past, and Xian will live up tohistory!

西汉时期，厚葬风气极盛，在贵族阶层中“事死如事生”的观念很强。他们生前的生活场景和宠幸爱慕的东西雕刻于墓室以尽人间之乐。汉代画像石便是在这种厚葬风气中逐渐产生的。石刻艺术室陈列的汉画像石大多出土于陕北。内容除少数神话故事外，其余的大量取材于现实生活，如牛耕、狩猎、乐舞，贵族生活等。汉画像石记载了大量的历史史实。因此，它们既是艺术创作又是历史记录，为研究东汉社会提供了珍贵的资料。《牛耕图》是汉代画像石的代表作，画面上有一人双手扶犁，前面有两头牛拉着,两头牛的牛颈上有一横杠,这就是二牛抬杠的耕作方法.汉朝时农业的耕作水平已经是很高的了.在陕北地区共出土汉代画像石500件,西安卑林博物馆收藏有133件。隋唐时期的陵墓石刻在这里陈列的有献陵石犀和昭陵六骏。我们现在所看到地这尊石雕是献陵石犀，它原来位于唐高祖李渊的献陵前，刻于公元635年，重10吨，是用整块巨石圆雕而成。这种犀牛的品种非常奇特。大家来看，它头上没有角，鼻子上方有一圆包，因此叫做“圆帽犀”。这种犀牛原产于东南亚一带，现已灭绝。据史料记载，唐初，林邑国，也就是今天越南顺化一带，以这种犀牛向唐王朝进贡，李渊非常喜欢。建造献陵时，唐太宗李世民就特意把石犀置于陵前。这一石雕注重写实，结构匀称，比例准确，显然是以活犀牛为“模特儿”，使人感到它温顺驯服，憨态可掬。

接下来各位看到的这一组石雕为“昭陵六骏”。它是原先置于唐太宗昭陵北麓祭坛两侧庑廊的六幅浮雕石刻。六骏，指唐太宗在统一中国的战争中曾经骑乘作战的六匹骏马。相传六骏图形出自于唐代著名画家阎立本之手。原先画面上角刻有唐太宗题铭的四言赞诗，是由欧阳询书写的，由于年代久远，字迹已经模糊了。唐太宗营建昭陵时，诏令立昭陵六骏的用意，除为了炫耀一生的战功外，也是对这些曾经相依为命的战马的纪念，并告戒后世子孙创业的艰难。六骏采用高浮雕手法，以简洁的线条，准确的造型，生动传神地表现出战马的体态、性格和战争中身冒箭矢、驰聘疆场的情景。每幅画面都告诉人们一段惊心动魄的历史故事。由于六骏雕刻精美，引起了外国人的注意。1914年，美国人毕士博勾结陕西军阀陈树藩将六骏中的两骏盗运美国，现存于美国费城宾夕尼亚大学博物馆内。这两骏便是拳毛弧与飒露紫。大家现在看到的这两幅完整的浮雕作品，便是拳毛弧与飒露紫的复制品。1918年，他们又再次来到中国，企图将剩余的四幅砸成数块再次装箱运走，被人们发现拦存了下来。所以大家现在看到的是四幅残损的浮雕。它们虽然是残缺的，但却是真品。

尊敬的各位游客：大家好！欢迎到家来到西安，西安是著名的古城，我将带领大家游览几天，那么首先我们就去秦始皇陵观光。

始皇陵位于西安市临潼区东约五千米处，它南依骊山，北临渭水，地势险峻，环境优美。陵园规模宏大，陪葬品重多，像一座丰富的地下文物宝库。据史书记载，秦始皇赵政从13岁就开始营建陵园，修剪时间长达38年。工程浩大，气魄宏伟，创历代封建统治者奢侈厚葬之先例。1974年在其东侧发现兵马俑坑，轰动了中国，震惊了世界，是20世纪最伟大的考过发现之一。1978年，法国前总统希拉克参观后说：“世界上有了七大奇迹，秦俑的发现，可以说是八大奇迹了，不看金字塔不算到埃及，不看秦俑不算到中国。”秦始皇兵马俑博物馆是建立在兵马俑坑原址上的遗址型博物馆，于1979年10月开馆。1987年12月联合国教文组织将秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家在游览时要注意以下几点：1。不要大声喧哗。2。不要拥挤，要有秩序的参观。3。不要乱写乱画，保护文物。现在我就带大家一起参观一下吧！

Founded in 1087, Xian stele forest is an art treasure house with theearliest and largest number of ancient steles in China. There are more than 1000steles and epitaphs from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. There is a forestof Steles, so it is called the forest of steles. The forest of Steles in Xianis rich in materials. It is not only a treasure house of ancient Chinesecalligraphy, but also a collection of ancient literature and stone patterns. Itdescribes some achievements of Chinas cultural development and reflects thehistorical facts of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, soit is famous at home and abroad.

The forest of Steles in Xian was developed on the basis of preserving thestone scriptures of Tang Dynasty. The Shijing in Tang Dynasty includes ShitaiXiaojing written by Li Longji in 745 AD and Kaicheng Shijing carved in 837ad.

In front of the first exhibition room of the forest of Steles is a pavilionspecially built for displaying Shitai Xiaojing. Shitai Xiaojing is the largeststele in the forest of steles. It was written by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong ofTang Dynasty, in 745 ad. The book of filial piety was compiled by Confuciusstudents, who specially emphasized filial piety. The first part is Li Longjispreface to filial piety. The purpose of Xuanzongs preface to filial piety is toshow that he wants to govern the world with filial piety. The following is theoriginal text of filial piety, and the small words are the annotation of EmperorXuanzong for filial piety. The base is composed of a three-layer stone platform,with vivid lines carved on it, such as vines, lion flowers, etc. it is arepresentative of the Mid Tang Dynasty, with relief cirrus above. The stele iscomposed of four stones with a stone platform under it, so it is called "stoneplatform filial piety".

The first exhibition room of the forest of Steles mainly displays theKaicheng Shijing. The materials include Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Zhouli, Yili,Liji, Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, Chunqiu Gongyang biography, Chunqiu Guliangbiography, Analects of Confucius, Xiaojing, Erya and other 12 scriptures, with650252 words, 114 square stones and inscriptions on both sides. More than 30000characters on 17 sides of Mencius, which was made up in the Qing Dynasty, arealso displayed here, collectively known as the thirteen classics. Twelveclassics are the necessary books for intellectuals in feudal society. Becausethe printing technology was not very developed at that time, in order to avoidthe mistakes made by the literati in copying scriptures, and to preserve thempermanently, the 12 scriptures were engraved on stone tablets as models, whichwere set up in the Imperial Academy of Changan City for people to proofread.Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, China has carved scriptures seven times. KaichengShijing is the only complete set of stone scriptures.