张杰西安演唱会2021时间表【通用20篇】

甲方：________________

乙方：________________

丙方：________________

甲、乙、丙三方经友好协商，就店铺转让事宜达成以下协议：

一、丙方同意甲方将自己位于_____街(路)_____号的店铺(原为：_____)转让给乙方使用，建筑面积为_____平方米;并保证乙方同等享有甲方在原有房屋租赁合同中所享有的权利与义务。

二、丙方与甲方已签订了租赁合同，租期到_____年____月____日止，年租金为__________元人民币(大写：_______________)，租金为每(月/季/年)____交付一次，并于约定日期提前一个月交至丙方。店铺转让给乙方后，乙方同意代替甲方向丙方履行原有店铺租赁合同中所规定的条款，并且每年定期交纳租金及该合同所约定的应由甲方交纳的水电费及其他各项费用。

三、转让后店铺现有的装修、装饰及其他所有设备全部归乙方所有，租赁期满后房屋装修等不动产归丙方所有，营业设备等动产归乙方(动产与不动产的划分按原有租赁合同执行)。

四、乙方在_____年____月____日前一次性向甲方支付转让费共计人民币_________元，(大写：_____________)，上述费用已包括第三条所述的装修、装饰、设备及其他相关费用，此外甲方不得再向乙方索取任何其他费用。

五、甲方应该协助乙方办理该店铺的工商营业执照、卫生许可证等相关证件的.过户手续，但相关费用由乙方负责;乙方接手前该店铺所有的一切债权、债务均由甲方负责;接手后的一切经营行为及产生的债权、债务由乙方负责。

六、如乙方逾期交付转让金，除甲方交铺日期相应顺延外，乙方应每日向甲方支付转让费的千分之一作为违约金，逾期___日的，甲方有权解除合同，并且乙方必须按照转让费的___%向甲方支付违约金。如果由于甲方原因导致转让中止，甲方同样承担违约责任，并向乙方支付转让费的___%作为违约金。

七、如因自然灾害等不可抗因素导致乙方经营受损的与甲方无关，但遇政府规划，国家征用拆迁店铺，其有关补偿归乙方。

八、本合同一式三份，三方各执一份，自三方签字之日起生效。

甲方(签字)：____________日期：_________年____月____日

乙方(签字)：____________日期：_________年____月____日

丙方(签字)：____________日期：_________年____月____日

我们现在看到的就是钟楼。钟楼位于市中心东、西、南、北四条大街的交会处，它建于明洪武十七年(1384年)，当时钟楼的位置并不在现在这个地方，那么它在哪儿呢?请大家顺着我手指的方向看，那座与钟楼遥相呼应的楼就是鼓楼，钟楼最初的位置在鼓楼以西的迎祥观内。迎祥观是唐朝一座非常著名的道观，唐睿宗李旦为了给自已的母亲过寿，特制了一口钟安放在迎祥观内。随着城市的发展，西安城不断地扩建，钟楼就偏于城西，不再居于城市中心了。在这种情况下，公元1582年明政府就将钟楼迁移至今天的位置。

钟楼的主要作用就是击钟报时。每天清晨，当钟声响起，四个城门就打开，人们就开始了一天的辛勤劳作，傍晚鼓楼的鼓声一响，人们就回到城里关闭城门，这就是大家常说的“晨钟暮鼓”。过去用来报时的钟是唐睿宗李旦在景云二年(711年)命人制作的，取名“景云钟”。景云钟纹饰精美，线条流畅，声音洪亮，充分表现出了唐代工匠高超的铸钟水平，原钟现收藏在西安碑林石刻艺术博物馆。大家现在看到的这口钟是景云钟的复制品，它的体态、大小、重量、纹饰与原景云钟都是相同的。现在让我们大家一起来欣赏一下，请看钟纽部分：据传海中有一种大兽叫蒲牢，它虽然凶猛，但是非常害怕鲸鱼，每当鲸鱼攻击它，它就会拼命大叫，由于它的叫声非常响亮，人们在铸钟的时候就将它缚在钟上，以祈求钟声洪亮，我们大家可以想像一下，钟就像张着大嘴的蒲牢，撞钟之木就像鲸鱼，鲸鱼咬一口，蒲牢叫一声，鲸鱼咬得越急，蒲牢叫得越响，如果哪位朋友不信，可以来试试。关于蒲牢还有另外一种说法，说“蒲牢”是龙王爷的第九个儿子，龙生九子各有所好，这位蒲牢平素爱大声喊叫，声音非常洪亮，因此钟纽常常做成蒲牢的样子，希望能使钟声洪亮，总之有了蒲牢，钟声就会洪亮，这是无可置疑的事了。

再来看看钟面，这里有龙、凤、鹤、狮、独角牛，以及飞天、彩云、蔓草等，花纹线条流畅、首尾相接，它们分别代表着道教法规、富贵权势、天上人间，以及现世未来，是一幅集福、权、贵为一体的宗教纹饰画，特别珍贵的是这篇唐睿宗李旦亲笔所书的铭文。李旦的真迹共有三处：孔子庙堂碑、顺陵碑以及景云钟铭文。因孔子庙堂碑和顺陵碑都己被毁，所以现在李旦的真迹就仅存景云钟铭文一处了。这篇文章的内容主要讲述了道教的玄妙，以及景云钟的制作，无论是从书法的角度，还是从文章的内容来看，都是一篇不可多得的佳作。

让我们回过头来，看看这座坐落于四条大街交会处己600多年的钟楼吧，我们先从屋檐讲起，大家站在这里可以看到钟楼有三层屋檐，其实它只有两层，也就是说在二楼是一层楼两层檐，那么为什么要把屋檐做得这么复杂呢?因为在封建社会里屋檐有着非常严格的等级制度，重檐就是统治阶级为了提高自己的尊严和权威而独占的一种形式，就是同样的重檐屋顶也有着最尊与次之的区别，重檐庑殿为最尊，比如北京故宫的“太和殿”，重檐歇山次之，比如北京天安门。钟楼采用的四角攒尖顶形式，这种形式最早出现在北魏石窟的石塔雕刻上，此外在宋画中也可以看到不少的楼、台、亭、阁采用这种形式，到了明清这种形式就更加兴盛起来。大家站在这里可以看到，四周的建筑都很漂亮，可这在过去是完全行不通的。普通老百姓盖房子只能盖单檐房屋，重檐在皇家建筑里才能出现。也许有的朋友已经注意到了，在屋顶的四翼角戗脊上有一排动物形状的构件，这就是人们常说的仙人、走兽。我们依次来看一下：第一个是仙人，在它后边分别是行龙、飞凤、行狮、天马、海马、飞鱼、押鱼，这几种走兽都有其一定的寓意。龙风代表至高无上的尊贵;狮子是兽中之王、镇山之王;天马、海马象征皇家的威德通天入海、畅达四方;飞鱼、押鱼是海中异兽，据说可兴云作雨、镇火防灾。建筑工匠们巧妙地将政治象征、艺术装饰和实用构件统一在一起，充分显示了他们的聪明才智。

我们再往下看，在柱子上梁枋与屋顶的构架部分之间可以看到有一层用小块木料拼合成的构件，它们均匀地分布在梁枋上，支挑着伸出的屋檐，这种构件称为斗拱，它是中国古代木结构建筑上的一种特有的构件。为什么叫斗拱呢?在柱子与梁枋上因为要挑出屋顶伸出的屋檐，故需要有一种构件托住屋檐下的仿和椽。古代工匠用弓形的短木从柱子和梁上伸出，一层不够再加一层，弓木层层挑出，使屋檐得以伸出屋身之外，这种弓形短木称为拱;在两层拱之间用方木块相垫，小方木形如斗，所以这种用多层拱与斗结合成的构件即称为斗拱。斗拱用在屋檐下可以使屋顶的出檐加大，用在梁枋两端下面，则可以减小梁枋的跨度，加大梁枋的承受力。斗拱的确是一种很奇特的构件，一块块小木料组合起来居然可以挑托起那么沉重、那样深远的屋檐，这是我国古代工匠一项了不起的创造。

建筑首先作为一种物质财富，也和其他物质一样，在人类创造的过程中，不但产生了物质的躯体，同时也产生了美的形象，在房屋的整体和房屋各种构件的制作中，人们都对它进行程度不同的美的加工，装饰就是这样开始在建筑上出现的。古建筑的门窗是与人接触最多的部分，在它们身上自然集中地进行了多种装饰处理。大家现在看到的格子门，门扉上都有木刻浮雕，内容有生动感人的民间传说、回味无穷的历史故事，楼上楼下加起来共有64幅，若朋友们感兴趣，不妨仔细研究一下，看看您能猜对多少。

进入钟楼一楼大厅。首先请大家抬兴看：顶部一个个的木方框叫天花，中央圆形的叫藻井。为了不露出建筑的梁架，古代工匠常常在梁的下方用天花枋组成一个一个的木方框，上面贴有彩色图案的纸，或者直接在上面施彩绘。钟楼的天花都是直接施彩绘的，共184块，有艳丽的牡丹，有素雅的水仙，有傲雪的红梅，有清幽的兰花，一年四季就在这小小的四方之间争娇斗奇。在讲藻井之前，我想先请朋友们猜一猜，这是一个什么图案呢?有朋友说这是城市的中心点，还有朋友说是云彩，我给大家讲一个民间流传的故事，听完后大家就会明白了：传说关中地区过去常闹水灾，每一年都会发生一次，有位道十看过风水后说：钟楼东半里，地下有一川口，川口里有一条大鳌鱼，每一年这条大鳌鱼都会按时出来呼吸新鲜空气，它这一露头，关中地区便会汪_一片，知县得知这一消息后，便命工匠将原钟楼拆除，在它的东半里，一个十字交叉路口处重新建了一座钟楼，钟楼建好后，果然再也没有发生过水灾，因此工匠在施藻井彩绘的时候，就做了这样一幅“霞光万道”图，大家看这幅图案像不像太阳照在井眼里泛出的七色波纹呢?这正是：钟号景云鸣彩凤，楼雄川口锁金鳌。

西安导游词范文5

各位游客大家好!

今天我们将去参观西安城墙、钟楼和鼓楼。很荣幸能为大家服务。

我们现在看到的这座古城堡就是明西安城墙，是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的。它是我国中世纪后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡防御设施。

西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。我们现在看到的城墙可追溯到隋代。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为“西方长治久安”。拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。历时8年修筑完的城墙外形是一座长方形。城墙高15米，顶宽12—14米，底宽16—18米，周长13.9公里。最底层用黄土与石灰、糯米汁拌合而成，干燥之后，异常坚固。

西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施。好了，现在让我们亲自来感受这座科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。

城墙最外围是护城河，也叫“城壕”,是城墙的第一道防线。它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,跨过护城河就是城门，而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。平时，守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥，早晨降下吊桥，开启城门;晚上升起吊桥，断绝交通。一旦发生战争，吊桥升起，城门紧闭，城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。

城门是城防体系的重点，也是薄弱点。平时，它是出入城市的通道。战争时，又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。因此，明代十分重视完善城门防御设施。尤其值得注意的一大技术突破是采用了券拱式城门，以防止敌人火攻。明西安城的城门非常坚固，门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成，一扇城门用木材2.8立方米，门扇上下横匝着铁条加固，每两道铁条的间隔处，钉有180枚铁蘑菇针。整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。这样就挤密了门扇的木材，增加了门扇刚度，使箭矢无法射入。

为了提高城门防御的保险系数，城门实际上由三重组成，即：闸楼、箭楼和主楼。闸楼在最外，它的作用是升降吊桥。兼用来打更。敌人攻入闸楼城门，好似进入瓮内，会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击，因此楼下这一空间也叫“瓮城”。箭楼在正中，正面和两侧都有窗户，供射箭用。箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫“瓮城”，可屯兵。正楼在最里，正楼上面的城楼是城门的主体建筑，是主将镇守指挥所在。城墙外侧，每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外的敌台，俗称“马面”。整个城墙上共有“马面”98座，“马面”上面的建筑叫敌楼，两个敌台之间相距120米，而它的一面为60米，为“一箭之遥”。这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。因此，古人有评论说：“有城无台，亦如无城，是城所以卫人，台又所以卫城也。”。城墙上外侧有矮雉，又称“垛墙”，上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。内侧的矮墙称为“女儿墙”，是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫“角楼”。在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中，有通向城头的马道，便于战马上下。战争期间，这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道，必须保证畅通无阻。因此守卫异常严格。

随着岁月的变迁，现在我们可以看到西安城墙的长乐门、安定门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门等等，这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智，好了，西安城墙就参观到这里，我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。

钟楼和鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。钟与鼓本是中国最早出现的打击乐器，有3000年以上的历史。最初作为礼器和乐器。大约自春秋时期，开始用于军事指挥。古代中国城市兼有军事城堡性质，除城市四周构筑城墙，挖掘城壕，设置吊桥外，与之配套的还有在城市中心修筑钟鼓楼作为指挥中枢。平时以晨钟暮鼓报告时辰，定时启闭吊桥，紧急状态时用以报警戒严，指挥城防。这种严密的城市防御系统在明代发展到顶峰。西安是明代西北军政重镇，它的钟楼和鼓楼无论从建筑规模、历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量，都居全国同类建筑之冠。

我们现在看到的这座建筑就是钟楼，位于西安市东西南北四条大街的交汇处，它建于明洪武十七年，最初位于西大街的迎祥观，随着城市中心的东移，到了明神宗万历10年，将钟楼来了个整体拆迁，迁至今址。

钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格，楼高36米，重檐斗拱，华丽庄严。由基座，楼身和楼顶三部分组成。基座是正方形，全部用青砖砌成。楼身为正方形木质结构，外面以回廊环绕，里面为二层楼，楼内有木梯盘旋而上。楼内上下两层正方形大厅里，陈列着明代以来各种名贵瓷器及红楠木家具，四面门上布满浮雕画，风格厚朴生动。楼顶为四角攒尖结构，上面覆盖着碧绿色的琉璃瓦，顶端大圆顶高5米，金光闪闪，辉煌灿烂。

钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟，重5吨，钟边铸有八卦图案。它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟小得多。钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的“景云钟”。现在这口钟收藏于西安碑林。据说，钟楼从迎祥观迁到今址后，虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变，但景云钟却怎也敲不响了。没有办法，只有另换。为了将景云钟移到新建的钟楼上，当年在西大街西段搭起一座斜桥，利用桥面斜坡把景云钟运到了钟楼上。据说“桥梓口”也因此而得名。

钟楼内西墙上嵌刻有《钟楼歌》和《钟楼记》碑刻。《钟楼歌》是当年修建钟楼的陕西巡抚龚懋贤在解职赴京时登楼所赋。诗中对钟楼做了热情的赞颂。《钟楼记》是督修过钟楼的巡抚张楷所作，详细记述了钟楼的身世。在钟楼的门上有木刻浮雕故事画共64幅，其中有木兰从军、嫦娥奔月、柳毅传书、八仙过海等等。建国后，西安市人民政府又对钟楼进行了三次大规模修葺，使这座古建筑又焕发了昔日的风采。

与钟楼遥遥相对的是鼓楼，楼底门洞为南北向，北通北院门，南达西大街。鼓楼建于明洪武十三年，与钟楼是姊妹楼。在鼓楼的第一层北面有一面巨鼓，与钟楼上的晨钟形成暮鼓，所以称为鼓楼。楼体呈长方形，基座的门洞高与宽均为6米，洞深38米。鼓楼建筑为重檐歇山式，琉璃瓦覆顶，重檐三滴水。楼分上、下两层。南北檐下各有一块匾，南为清乾隆皇帝御笔刻书：“文武盛地”，北为咸宁县书生李允宽书写“声闻于天”。在鼓楼的外檐都饰有斗拱，四面有回廊。天花板上油漆彩绘云形图案，古色古香，十分美丽。钟鼓楼交相辉映，使古城西安更加美丽壮观。

好了，钟鼓楼的参观到这里就结束了。谢谢大家!

Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Nice to meetyou. Im your tour guide this time. My name is Xu chenxuan. Just call me Xu Daoor Chen Xuan. Now lets start the journey of Xian ancient city wall!

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the ancient city wall ofXian. The ancient city wall of Xian is also called Xian Ming city wall. It islocated in the central area of Xian, Shaanxi Province. The height of the wallis 12 meters, the top width is 12-14 meters, the bottom width is 15-18 meters,and the outline is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of 13 meters. 74kilometers. The city wall is used to be called the ancient city area, with anarea of 11 square meters. With an area of 32 square kilometers, the famous belland Drum Tower in Xian is located in the center of the ancient city.

In front of us is the main gate of the city wall. There are four gates likethis: Changle gate (East Gate), Yongning gate (South Gate), Anding gate (WestGate) and Anyuan gate (North Gate). The four gates were the original gates ofthe Ming city wall. Because of the military and defense needs at that time, theywere all single door caves, and they all built three walls, and Weng city wasformed between the two walls. So far, except Yongning gate, only two walls areleft in the other three gates.

OK, heres your free time. Please gather here in an hour.

出租方： (以下简称甲方)

承租方： (以下简称乙方)

为明确甲、乙双方的权利义务关系，经双方友好协商，在平等自愿的基础上签订本合同。

第一条 仓库座落、面积。

乙方自愿租赁甲方位于武侯路382号的仓库。

第二条 租金标准和租赁期限，按照先交费后使用的原则，逾期不交，视为乙方单方面解除租赁合同，甲方有权随时收回，不再另行通告。本次交费 元(含租金和服务费)，租赁期共 个月，乙方 从 年 月 日起至 年 月 日止。

第三条 乙方有下列情形之一的，甲方有权单方终止合同：

1.乙方擅自转租、转让或转借的;

2.乙方利用承租房进行非法活动，损害他人及公共利益的;

3.乙方不服从管理、调整及安排的;

4.乙方私自改变原建筑结构的。

合同期满后，乙方在同等条件下可享有优先承租权，但乙方应在租赁期满前一个月内以书面形式通知甲方。

第四条 租赁期间的修缮

甲方有修缮的义务，确保乙方正常的经营使用。

甲方维修时，乙方应积极协助，不得阻挠施工。

第五条 乙方有权根据自己的需要在不改变建筑结构的前提下进行改造。合同期满或中止履行时能移动的设施由乙方自行拉走，不能移动的设施无偿留给甲方。

第六条 乙方若不能按期交纳租金和相关费用，甲方有权留置乙方存放的设备及货物，经相关部门作价后冲抵租金和所应交费用。

第七条租赁期内的水、电费按表计量，由乙方按月支付，治安、卫生、工商、税收等费用由乙方按照规定支付。

第八条 违约责任

1.甲方未按时交付仓库供乙方使用的，负责偿付租金总额10%的违约金。

2.乙方逾期未交付租金的，除仍应及时如数补交外，还应支付租金总额10%的违约金，另按日1%加收滞纳金;

3.乙方违反合同，擅自将建筑物转给他人使用的，应按租金总额的20%支付违约金，如因此造成建筑物及设施毁坏的，还应负责赔偿经济损失，同时甲方可根据第二条规定收回。

第九条 本合同如发生争议，在协商未果的情况下，由甲方所在地卧龙区人民法院诉讼解决。

第十条 其他约定事项

1. 乙方应自觉遵守国家的有关法律法规及甲方的各项安全管理规定，不得在经营场所进行违法活动。

2.乙方应自觉接受公安、消防等国家执法部门的正常检查，杜绝谩骂围攻执法人员和市场管理人员的事件发生。

3.经营和存放易燃、易爆、有毒害等危险品的商户，要严格执行上级公安消防部门的安全管理规定，必须购置灭火器材(费用自理)，要确保灭火器材的有效使用性。

4.乙方应自行负责货物及设备的安全，参加财产保险。签订《防火安全责任书》，若因乙方责任造成的火灾、被盗等安全事故，由乙方自行承担损失，同时给甲方或他人造成损失的，也应由乙方负全额赔偿责任。

第十一条 本合同未尽事宜，经合同双方共同协商，可作出补充规定，补充协议与本合同具有同等效力。

本合同正本一式三份，甲方、乙方各执一份，集团公司纪检法制科备案一份。

甲方(公章)：_________ 乙方(公章)：_________

法定代表人(签字)：_________ 法定代表人(签字)：_________

_________年____月____日 _________年____月____日

甲方：_________________乙方：_________________

法定代表人：_________________居民身份证号码：_________________

注册地址：_________________住址：_________________

甲乙双方在平等自愿的基础上,就乙方为甲方创作作品的著作权归属甲方所有一事,达成协议如下：

1.甲方委托乙方创作该作品。

2.乙方保证该作品为独立创作,具有独创性,未剽窃或抄袭他人作品。

3.乙方保证该作品为原创作品,不得为演绎作品。

4.乙方不得再委托第三人为其创作该作品。

5.乙方自该作品完成并交付甲方后,与该作品有关的著作权,除署名权外,所有权利均归甲方所有。

6.乙方不得再将该作品以任何形式转让、许可给第三人。

7.甲方在使用该作品时不得侵犯乙方的署名权。

此协议自签订之日起生效,本协议一式叁份,甲方执贰份,乙方执壹份,具有同等法律效力。

甲方(盖章)乙方：_________________

法定代表人(或委托代理人)：_________________

日期：_________________日期：_________________

各位游客：大家好!欢迎大家来到古城西安旅游，我是你们的导游，我姓黄，叫我小黄或伟群都行。我今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，很高兴，希望我能和各位一起度过这一段美好的时光。今天我先带大家去最著名的秦兵马俑。

秦兵马俑在我们国家西安临潼出土，今天我就带领你们游览这举世无双，享誉世界的历史文物。

看!这就是将军佣，它身体魁梧，头戴鹤冠，身上披着铠甲，手里还握着宝剑，看它若有所思的样子，好象在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢!

瞧!这个兵马俑是陶马，它的大小跟真马差不多，个个形体键壮，肌肉丰满，看它跃跃欲试的样子，好象一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程哩!

今天，我的讲解就到这，档案，先的景点不知这一关额，还有先古城墙，华清池等等，这些景点我都会带你们去的，今天我们就先到这里，大家回去好好休息，然后有一个好的状态再继续我们明天的行程，希望大家今晚能休息好，我们明天见。

尊敬的各位游客：大家好！欢迎到家来到西安，西安是著名的古城，我将带领大家游览几天，那么首先我们就去秦始皇陵观光。

始皇陵位于西安市临潼区东约五千米处，它南依骊山，北临渭水，地势险峻，环境优美。陵园规模宏大，陪葬品重多，像一座丰富的地下文物宝库。据史书记载，秦始皇赵政从13岁就开始营建陵园，修剪时间长达38年。工程浩大，气魄宏伟，创历代封建统治者奢侈厚葬之先例。1974年在其东侧发现兵马俑坑，轰动了中国，震惊了世界，是20世纪最伟大的考过发现之一。1978年，法国前总统希拉克参观后说：“世界上有了七大奇迹，秦俑的发现，可以说是八大奇迹了，不看金字塔不算到埃及，不看秦俑不算到中国。”秦始皇兵马俑博物馆是建立在兵马俑坑原址上的遗址型博物馆，于1979年10月开馆。1987年12月联合国教文组织将秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家在游览时要注意以下几点：1。不要大声喧哗。2。不要拥挤，要有秩序的参观。3。不要乱写乱画，保护文物。现在我就带大家一起参观一下吧！

中央矗立着一尊唐僧玄奘西天取经的高大铜像。只见他气宇轩昂，身披袈裟，手执锡杖，迈着坚定的步伐，好象正奔波在西行取经的路途上。身后就是他开创的慈恩祖庭，是他主持的译经道场大慈恩寺，以及他所修建的大雁塔。

玄奘（602—664年），俗姓陈名祎，河南偃师人，自幼聪慧超群，勤奋好学。13岁被朝廷破格录取，在洛阳净土寺剃度为僧。玄奘先后周游全国十余省，遍访十余位高僧名贤，拜学经典，穷尽各家学说，誉满京师，被誉为“释门伟器和佛门千里驹。”在全国各地游学后，他回顾佛教传入中国600年以来、佛经残缺不全，教义分歧，派别纷争的状况。玄奘在对佛经研习中，对佛经的质疑之处多达百余条。他决意到佛教发源地——天竺国，也就是现今的印度，去探求佛教的精蕴，以解众疑，弘扬佛法。公元627年他结伴上表奏请，申请赴印求法，未得到朝廷的批准。其他人纷纷退缩，而他不为所动，矢志不改，并且利用出国之前3年时间，从佛经研究、语言梵文及物质精神等方面作了充分准备。遂违禁出关，即违法偷渡出境，昼伏夜行，只身前往，开始了他西天取经的艰难历程和传奇故事。现在请大家继续参观。

现在我们来到大慈恩寺，寺院的正门称为山门，也叫三门，分别称为空门、无作门、无相门，象征着佛教的三解脱之门。慈恩寺创建于隋开皇九年，初名“无漏寺”。公元648年，唐高宗李治作太子时，为其母以追荐冥福修建寺院，故得名“慈恩寺”。寺院虽系太子李治为其母追福而建，也表达了其父唐太宗怀念文德皇后的心愿。唐太宗和文德皇后从小结发，情深意长，13岁即“嫔于太宗”，当时太宗李世民才17岁。太宗即位时，立其为皇后。文德皇后为人贤良正直，顾全大局，严于律已，她为了大唐社稷，力避裙带之嫌，她坚持不愿自己兄弟子侄担任朝廷要职。而对于魏征、房玄龄等忠勇良臣，却全力保谏爱护。皇后的申明大义，正直贤慧，成为大唐贞观盛世的良佐栋梁。在临终遗言时还强调“不可厚葬，俭薄送终”。如此贤淑开朗，确不愧为一位有胆识、有胸怀的女政治家。对文德皇后的去世，太宗十分悲恸，向近臣表白：“朕非不知天命而无益之悲，但入宫不复闻规谏之言，失一良佐，故不能忘怀耳！”所以大慈恩寺的创建，实际是唐太宗父子两代为文德皇后祈福之举，也是唐王朝对一代贤后的纪念。

唐代大慈恩寺位于长安城南晋昌坊东半部，约398亩，总共1897间，僧众300，为长安规模宏伟之佛教寺院之一。在慈恩寺建成之初，朝廷特地迎请从印度取经回到长安、正在弘福寺译经的玄奘担任寺院的上座住持，大慈恩寺遂成为当时中国佛教界的最高学府而辉煌一时。唐末以后因战事不断，寺院逐渐荒芜，经历代多次维修，至公元1446年，才奠定了今日寺院规模。

现在寺院的范围东西阔160米左右，南北长318米左右，共计93亩，该寺院主要建筑，由南向北依次排列着山门、钟鼓楼、东西配殿、法堂藏经楼，大雁塔及玄奘三藏院。东西两侧分别为方丈院、僧院、寺管院、文管院等。

我们大家走进山门，可以看到钟、鼓二楼对峙，东侧钟楼内悬挂有一口铁铸的“雁塔晨钟”。该钟铸造于公元l548年，钟上铸有“雁塔晨钟”4个苍劲的大字，这口雁塔晨钟自造成启用至今天，一直作为大慈恩寺行仪规范，是本寺佛教活动和众僧生活的组成部分。晨钟作为佛教大型法器，是召集众僧进行法事之用。寺院僧人们每天闻钟而起，闻鼓而眠。当拂晓时分，晨钟那洪亮的阵阵钟声划破晨曦朝霞，回绕在西安城南上空，共敲3阵，每阵36响，共鸣108响，表示断除尘世人生108种烦恼，祈祷盛世太平、万民安乐、五谷丰登。

西侧鼓楼悬挂一面大鼓，寺院称为暮鼓，为横置座鼓形式，钟、鼓均为寺院大型法器。东西配殿原为东观音殿，现为客堂，西为地藏殿。

现在我们来到大雄宝殿参观。高台上的大雄宝殿为寺院的中心建筑，大雄宝殿的匾额金光闪闪，系已故中国佛教协会会长赵朴初先生所书。大殿前香火兴旺，大殿内供奉有佛祖三身佛像，中为法身佛毗卢遮那佛，西为法身佛卢舍那佛，东为应身佛释迦牟尼佛。佛像两侧是佛的弟子，东为迦叶，西为阿难，两旁还有普贤菩萨塑像和文殊菩萨像，均为明代雕塑，分别象征真理和智慧。另外东西两厢排列着包括玄奘在内的18尊罗汉像，此种排列是将佛的16位声闻尊者与其说者庆友、译者玄奘共列为18罗汉，为我国18罗汉较早的排列形式，以后还有其它排列形式。罗汉是小乘佛教修行的最高境界，指已消除一切烦恼进入涅槃，不再生死轮回，应受天人供养者。罗汉的三义即为：杀界，就是断绝贪、嗔、痴等一切烦恼；应供。应受外人供养；不生，永远进入涅槃，不再进入生死轮回。在大殿供奉的主尊背后塑有立于大海鳌头之上的南海观音菩萨像及众菩萨、龙女、木叉等150身人物，还有善财童子53参求法学道故事，生动有趣，生动展示出南海之中普陀洛伽山观音菩萨说法道场的蓬莱仙境。

在大雄宝殿西侧墙壁上镶嵌着几通“雁塔题名记”碑，象这样的雁塔题名碑在我景区有几十通。“雁塔题名”始于唐代，指得是在长安考中的状元和进士，齐集大雁塔题名，以及武举在小雁塔题名的文化活动，明嘉靖十九年（1540年）陕西乡试题名碑文就有：“名题雁塔天地间第一流人第一等事也。”唐代诗人白居易在公元800年考中进士后赋诗道：“慈恩塔下题名处，十七人中最少年。”一时成为佳话。人称“寒酸孟夫子”的孟郊，在46岁才中进士，他赋诗曰：“昔日龌龊不足夸，今朝放荡思无涯。春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花。”他登科后“春风得意”的著名诗句，成为脍炙人口的美谈。

在古都长安雁塔题名活动虽延续一千多年，而进士题名仅仅延续到唐末。因为自唐末以后各朝各代，长安城不再是国都京城，陕甘两省乡试举人仿效唐进士雅举在雁塔进行题名活动。在大慈恩寺院内和大雁塔上，至今尚存的明清两朝乡试举人题名碑有73通。另外在荐福寺小雁塔院内至今也保存有明清武举题名碑17通，也称“雁塔题名”。因为在大小雁塔仿效唐人题名于塔壁、颇具唐风遗韵，后来逐渐形成为文题大雁塔、武题小雁塔。这些都是研究我国科学制度的历史资料。

大殿北面为两层高的法堂藏经楼，上层藏有玄奘曾翻译的经卷，下为法堂，供奉着一尊阿弥陀佛像，系明代铜铸鎏金佛像。法堂还陈列着玄奘供奉的佛座、玄奘负笈图及窥基、圆测碑拓画像等。圆测市新罗国王孙，由年出家来到中国后，从学于玄奘门下；窥基是玄奘嫡传弟子，本是开国元勋尉迟恭的侄子，每当出门有三车厢随，故有“三车和尚”的绰号。由此可见玄奘在当时的名声与地位。

现在，大家来到大雁塔脚下，大雁塔原称慈恩寺浮图。玄奘法师为了妥善保存从印度取经带回的大量佛经和佛舍利，于公元652年附图表上奏，经朝廷批准，在本寺西院，建造5层佛塔。每层皆存舍利，共一万余粒。玄奘法师亲自参加建塔劳动，搬运砖石，历时两年才建成。

至于“雁塔”的名称由来，有数种说法。而玄奘自己编撰的《大唐西域记》中所述的佛教故事最为可信。据玄奘的《大唐西域记》记载，佛教在早期分大乘和小乘两宗，大乘戒食肉，小乘不戒。古印度摩揭陀国有一座王舍城，城外帝释山上有一寺院，寺院和尚信奉小乘教，一天，中午将过，众僧饥肠辘辘，午饭尚未着落，甚为埋怨。有一和尚忽见空中群雁飞过，随口出戏言：我等诸僧多日没有吃肉了，若菩萨有灵，应知我们的困境呀！话音刚落，即见头雁退着飞，到了这个僧人前便折断翅膀掉了下来，众僧人大惊，明白是如来设法教育他们，众僧急忙跪拜，并将那只雁葬于院中。上建一塔，取名雁塔，从此归信大乘，不再吃肉。这就是雁塔名称的由来。“雁塔”一词前加一“大”字，一是因塔的建筑宏伟壮丽，二是后建的荐福寺塔也随着称为雁塔，为了区别，遂分别称为大雁塔、小雁塔。玄奘在印度求法时，还专程前往参礼了这座有名的雁塔。

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

这是个特别的春节，没有上门拜年，没有亲戚团聚，没有朋友见面。这是个特别的春节，有医护人员的一线奋战，有人民军队的有力守护，有建设团队的昼夜施工。这个春节，因为新型冠状病毒而不同。这次疫情，也定会因为众志成城的抗击而不同!

抗击疫情，离不开“万众一心”。少聚集、勤洗手、戴口罩;云聚会、电子拜年、拒绝野味、食物煮熟;关注疫情，自觉隔离，提高警惕，不信谣，不传谣。万众一心，众志成城，我们定能战胜疫情，迎接春天!

抗击疫情，离不开“同力协契”。国家的有力部署，政府的高度重视，媒体的大力宣传，电商的大力支持，名人的倾囊相助，国人的爱心支援，都让中国成为抗击疫情的“共同体”。听从指挥，步调一致，共克时艰!

抗击疫情，离不开“最美的逆行者”。疫情面前，有这样一群人，他们自愿提交申请，写下“若有战，召必回”;他们穿上防护设备，为病人提供无微不至的照顾;他们不畏病毒，为抗击疫情提供专业的指导。他们是医护人员，是最美的逆行者!

所谓白衣天使，是我们经验丰富的老师，是我们无私奉献的前辈，他们不顾危险，和死神斗争。我们是天医人，是医学生，愿我们以他们为榜样，有着“捐躯赴国难，视死忽如归”的勇气与毅力。医护人员们，加油!你们的背后，有十四亿中国人!

隔离病毒，但不会隔离爱。众志成城，万众一心，待到战胜疫情的时候，我们一起去_游东湖，看樱花!

各位游客大家好,我们现在看到的这座古城堡就是明西安城墙。明西安城墙是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的。它是我国中世纪机后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，也是我国古代城垣中至今保存最完整的一处，同时，也是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡设施。

城墙是中国冷兵器时代城市的传统防御设施。我们在距今6020xx年前的半坡遗址看到，半坡人在居住地周围挖掘深沟，以提防野兽和外部的袭击。如果把半坡村落视为城市的最初萌芽，深沟也就是当时相当于城墙的设施。待到人们发明筑墙技术后，城墙自然伴随城市同时诞生，成为古代城市的显著标志了。据史册记载：“筑城以卫君，造郭以居，此城郭之始也。”这大约是在距今约4520xx年前的原始社会晚期。

西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。但我们看到的这座城墙仍可追溯到公元六世纪的隋代。公元581年，隋文帝杨坚建立隋朝，并于第二年在龙首塬北麓修建了大兴城。大兴城规模庞大，结构严密。除环绕城市的外郭城城墙外，城内环绕宫城和皇城也筑有城墙，形成“城中有城”的格局。唐王朝建立后，将隋代的大兴城改名为长安城。唐长安城基本上沿袭了大兴城的规模和布局，只是对大兴城进行了扩建和修建。唐代末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗逃往洛阳，留守长安的佑国军节度使韩建出于军事防守需要，放弃外郭城和宫城，把长安城缩小到皇城之内，以皇城城墙作为长安城的城墙，形成自五代至元的长安城规模。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为“西方长治久安”。从此开始了明在西安的统治，也拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。由于西安在历史的政治、军事地位极高，所以，明王朝在对全国广筑城墙的过程中，对西安城墙的修筑更为重视。朱元璋任命长兴侯耿柄文和都指挥使璞英主持修筑。从洪武三年，也就是公元1370年，到洪武十一年，也就是公元1378年，历时8年，西安城墙的修筑才全部竣工。明西安城墙修筑得高大坚固，西、南两面城墙基本上和唐长安城皇城的范围相同。东、北两面城墙分别向外扩移了三分之一。这座城墙的外形是一座长方形。城墙高12米，顶宽12—14米，底宽15—18米。南城墙长4256米，北城墙长4262米，西城墙长2706米，东城墙长2886米，周长13.9公里。最初的西安城墙采用黄土夯打而成。在城墙墙基和墙顶还分别有一层厚80厘米和45厘米的三合土层。这种三合土用黄土与石灰、糯米汁、猕猴桃汁拌合而成。干燥之后，坚硬如石，用镐都刨不动。

西安城墙自明代初年建成后，历代屡有修葺。明穆宗隆庆年间，也就是公元1568年，陕西都指挥使张祉为原来的城墙内外包砌了青砖。清乾隆年间，也就是公元1781年，陕西巡府毕沅对城墙进行了大规模补修。沿旧城墙先围基石后灌脚，再用黄土逐层夯打，至顶部铺砌青砖，并对整个城墙外壁加厚砖面。城墙内每隔40—60米，用青砖砌筑水槽一道，排除城墙顶面雨水，对西安城墙的长期保护起了重要作用。尤其是自1983年以来，陕西省和西安市人民政府对这座古城墙进行了大规模修缮，补建已被拆毁的东门、北门箭楼、南门闸楼、吊桥，并建成了环城公园，使这座古建筑重新焕发了昔日风采。

西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施，构成科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。

护城河也叫“城壕”,是城墙的第一道防线。它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,深7米。跨过护城河就是城门，而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。吊桥的桥头两侧有铁环，贯以粗大的铁索与麻绳，系在闸楼上，用滑轮控制升降。平时，守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥，早晨降下吊桥，开启城门;晚上升起吊桥，断绝交通。一旦发生战争，吊桥升起，城门紧闭，城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。

城门是城防体系的重点，也是薄弱点。平时，它是出入城市的通道。战争时，又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。因此，明代十分重视完善城门防御设施。尤其值得注意的一大技术突破是采用了券拱式城门。明代以前，城门沿袭砖门的过梁式结构。从军事角度看，这种城门的最大弱点是经不起火攻。因此，城门上往往眼设置水池，以防敌人火攻。也因此留下“城门失火，殃及鱼池”的成语。券拱式城门的出现从根本上解决了这个问题，一色青砖结构不仅使得城门更加坚固，而且可以有效地抵御火攻。

在古代，双方作战，当敌人跨过护城河时，城门却又拦住了去路。所以，在攻城的一方常有几个人扛着粗重的木桩前来撞门，要花费好长时间才能将城门撞开，而有时也可能撞不开。明西安城的城门非常坚固，门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成，一扇城门须用木材2.8立方米，重达3.19吨。门扇上下横匝着9道宽15厘米，厚23厘米的铁条加固，每两道铁条的间隔处，钉有180枚四棱攒顶的铁蘑菇针。整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。这样密集的钉群，挤密了门扇的木材，增加了门扇刚度，使箭矢无法射入。有的城门还在门扇后的城门洞内，设置了拒马桩、陷马坑、铁蒺藜等，进一步阻挡敌人进攻。

为了提高城门防御的保险系数，城门实际上由三重组成，即：闸楼、箭楼和主楼。闸楼在最外，它的作用是升降吊桥，也叫“阙楼”、“樵楼”。象征门阙，兼用来打更。闸楼三面有城墙与主城墙相连，形成一个半月形的立体空间，叫“羊马城”。敌人即使攻入闸楼城门，也好似进入瓮内，会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击，因此楼下这一空间也叫“瓮城”。箭楼在正中，正面和两侧都有窗户，供射箭用。箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫“瓮城”，瓮城内可屯兵。无论敌人进入第一瓮城还是第二瓮城，箭楼均可发挥攻击作用。正楼在最里，正楼上面的城楼是城门的主题建筑。城楼距地面高约32米，长43.2米，三重飞檐，四角高翘，回廊环绕，庄重稳健，是主将镇守指挥的所在。城墙外侧，每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外，宽20米，长12米的敌台，俗称“马面”。整个城墙上共有“马面”98座，“马面”上面的建筑叫敌楼，两个敌台之间相距120米，正好形成一个立体交叉射击区域。也正是弓、弩、箭等古代远射程冷兵器的有效杀伤射程。而它的一面为60米，为“一箭之遥”。这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。因此，古人有评论说：“有城无台，亦如无城，是城所以卫人，台又所以卫城也。”敌楼供士兵避风雨和储备物资。城墙上外侧有矮雉，又称“垛墙”，整个城墙共有5984个矮雉。垛墙上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。内侧的矮墙称为“女儿墙”，墙高1米，没有垛口，它的作用是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫“角楼”。如果你绕城一周，就会发现，城墙的四个角唯独西南角是圆形的，其它三个角是直角，那么这是为什么呢?其实这个角是保持了元代长安城蒙古式风格的转角圆状。明城墙在隋、唐、元代城墙遗址基础上改建而成，范围和唐长安城皇城范围基本相同。

在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中，有同向城头的马道。缓上没有台阶，便于战马上下。全城共建有登城马道11处。登城马道底部道口的门是朱漆的，俗称“大红门”。战争期间，这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道，必须保证畅通无阻。为防敌人奸细混入城墙守卫部队中，登城马道戒备严密，平时不允许守成士兵私下，也不许闲杂人等靠近逗留。等到军中禁夜炮响后，铁门便紧锁了。

西安城墙除明代在东、西、南、北有四个门：长乐门、安定门、永宁门、安远门外，随着岁月的变迁，城门也发生种种变化。现在我们除了可以看到这四个门，还可以看到：勿幕门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门、中山门、尚德门、建国门、和平门、文昌门等等，这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。

明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智，它以悠久的历史，伟岸的雄姿，神秘的色彩吸引了八方游客。

好了，西安城墙就参观到这里，我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。谢谢大家!

西安碑林博物馆导游词

各位游客，中国有四大碑林，而陕西省的西安碑林博物馆，以碑石之多、价值之高，名列四大碑林之首。它始建于北宋元祐二年(公元1087年)，历经900多年的历史，是我国收藏碑石最早最多的艺术宝库。该馆藏石3000余方，现展出的仅是藏石的三分之一，下面，请大家尽情地欣赏一番碑林的艺术精华吧。

碑林博物馆是典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑群。它的前半部分是由孔庙改建而成，至今仍处处可见孔庙的痕迹。自古孔庙无南门，礼门仪路两边开。所以孔庙的门开在东西两侧，西门称礼门，东门称仪路。走进去之后映如我们眼帘得是高大而不失精巧的太和元气坊，它是在明万历年间有皇族资助400两黄金建造而成。北边有两个半圆形的水池，是孔庙特有的建筑。叫泮池。泮池以北的石牌坊也是孔庙特有的建筑，叫棂星门。中门刻有“文庙”东门刻着“德配天地”西门“道冠古今”。在当时，进棂星门有严格的规定，祭孔活动时，只有主祭最高官员才能由中门出入。门内有4根华表相向而立，在第2道门戢门的东侧的钟亭里陈列的是景云钟。它铸造于唐睿宗景云年间而得名。它用青铜制成，上面有唐睿宗书写的铭文。不说不知道，一说吓一跳，我们在除夕之夜，中央人民广播电台播放的新年钟声就是以景云钟录制的。与钟亭位置对应的马亭里有另一文化瑰宝——大夏石马。大家看这匹马的腿部下方刻有“大夏真兴6年。。大将军”等字样，它和景云钟都属于国宝级文物。

大家抬头远远可以看见正前方的碑亭上方刻有“碑林”两个大字的烫金匾额，匾额出自清代爱国志士林则徐之手，是他在鸦x战争之后，被革职戍边新疆伊利时，路径西安时所写的。

接下来我们看见的这块石碑是博物馆内形制最大、最华丽的《石台孝经》。《孝经》是孔子的学生曾参编撰的讲的是孝道，提倡“事君如事父”唐玄宗李隆基亲自为此碑作释作序并书写，目的就是想表示自己是以孝来治理天下。此碑高近6米，碑身、背座、碑首由35块巨石组成。所以此碑显的是顶天立地气度不凡，因此也有“迎客第一碑”之称。

下来请大家跟我到碑林的第一陈列室参观，这里展示的是《开成石经》。“开成”是因刻成于唐文宗开成年号，“经”是中国古代儒家的经典著作。(包括孝经，周易，尚书，诗经，周礼，仪礼，礼记，春秋左传，春秋公羊传，春秋谷粱传，论语，尔雅，孟子)这些书都是古代文人学士必读之书，由于古代印刷术不发达，所以将经文刻到石头上作为范本供人们校对。《开成石经》由114块碑石双面组成，共计288面，650152字，最初只有12部经书，清代又补刻了《孟子》一书，合称13经。中国历史上曾组织过7次经籍石刻，只有这一部保存得最完整，加上时代又早，史料价值极高，于是，人们称其为“世界上最厚最重的书籍”。

参观完了开成石经之后，我们就来到了第二展室，这个展室主要向大家展示的是一些唐代名碑。以及和书法毫无关系的《大秦景教流行中国碑》。这通碑是唐朝波澜壮阔的中外交流史的一个见证，。“大秦”是中国古代对罗马帝国的泛称。景教是基督教中斯脱里派的中国称呼。此碑记载了景教的教规，教义，教旨。更难能可贵的是用古叙利亚文记载了景教徒再中国的活动和一些教徒的名字。为研究中国古代同欧洲，中亚交流提供了珍贵资料。在它的拓片传入国外后引起了国际上的广泛关注，据说现在已经有了好几块景教碑的复制品，但真品还是在我们的西安碑林博物馆。

颜真卿的《多宝塔碑》和《颜氏家庙碑》，颜真卿不但书法潇洒流畅，为人也是坚贞不移，刚正不阿。《多宝塔碑》是颜真卿44岁时所写，是留下来的颜书中最早的作品，代表了他早期风格，。《颜氏家庙碑》是他73岁时写的，书法造诣到达人书俱老炉火纯青的境界。他的书法对后世影响很大，人称“颜体”。

请大家看这边的这《大唐三藏圣教序碑》它也是我们碑林“最贵”的一块碑了。怀仁和尚将王羲之的墨迹集合而成。他以唐太宗能为玄奘撰写纪念碑文深以为荣，由因唐太宗特别推崇东晋王羲之的行草书，于是他就从32019年前王羲之遗留的墨迹中搜集字句，为了补齐所缺的字，他不惜在全国张榜重金征集，前后花了24年，花费了巨大的代价。因此，集字碑也称“千金碑”。

好，现在我们就来到了第三陈列室，它主要向人们介绍书法的演变史。在这一展厅里，我们可以看到自汉代到宋代不同时期、不同风格源流的书体碑石。大家可以通过比较，来领悟书法的发展演变脉络。

大家看这通曹全碑它是我国著名的汉代书法名碑也是汉隶的精品。是陕西合阳县县令曹权集资修建的。它体现了我国隶书的特点“蚕头燕尾，一波三折，蚕不双涉，燕不双飞”。也是国宝级文物。

接下来大家来看这两通碑，分别是张旭的《肚痛帖》和怀素的《千字文碑》，他们是草书的代表作品，狂草，即狂放的草书。让人眼花缭乱目不暇接。特别是张旭他为人豪爽，嗜酒如命，经常喝的是酩酊大醉，酒醉之后为求尽兴竟然用自己的头发蘸墨来写字，疯疯癫癫的，因此也被人称之为“张癫”。而千字文就是用一千个不重复的汉字组成，四字一句对偶压韵，便于记忆是我国儿童的启蒙读物。

穿过着道门我们就来到了第4陈列室。再这里我给大家介绍几块比较有趣味的碑石。大家看这是清代马德昭《魁星点斗图》此图以儒家修养的标准“正心修身，克己复礼”八字组成魁星形象，左手托砚，右手执笔，一脚翘起托一“斗”字，一脚立“鳖”字上，取魁星点斗独占鳖斗之意。形象生动，拼字巧妙，是文字游戏之作。

清《关帝侍竹图》图中有一竿风竹和一竿雨竹，仔细看此图由竹叶组成五言绝句一首：“不谢东君意，丹青独立名;莫嫌孤叶淡，终久不凋零。”此诗图实为当时文人附会关羽而拼组的文字游戏之作。

最后，在后面的3个展厅当中，主要展出了一些宋代至清代时期之间的一些诗文碑石。大家可以参观一下。

各位游客我们碑林博物馆不仅是因为“碑石如林“而著名。而且它的石刻艺术也是驰名海内外的。接下来我们来到的便是石刻艺术博物馆了，石刻艺术博物馆建于1963年，它收集了散失在陕西各地的西汉至唐代的石刻70余件，分为陵墓石刻和宗教石刻两大类。

由于时间关系再这里我只给大家介绍以下这两个石刻艺术的代表作昭陵六骏和老君像。

昭陵六骏，相传由著名的画家阎立本所作的。营建昭陵时，诏令立昭陵六骏的用意，除炫耀一生战功外，也对这些曾经相依为命的战马的纪念，并告诫后世子孙创业之艰难，六骏采用高浮雕手法，以简洁的线条，准确的造型，生动仪神地表现出战马的体态、性格和战阵中身冒箭矢、驰骋疆场的场景。它们分别是(白蹄乌，特勤骠，飒露紫，青骓，什伐赤)，由于他们过分的精美，其中飒露紫和拳毛瓜两骏马石刻于192019年被以美国人勾结封建军阀盗运美国，现存于美国的宾夕法尼亚大学博物馆中。六骏经过了1000多年的风雨沧桑但他们的造型依旧健美，神态逼真，是唐代杰出的艺术珍品之一。

老君像，这座老君像原来位于西安郦山的老君殿，老君既老子，他是道教的创始人，当时统治阶级们为了维护自己的政权，推崇道教封老子为创始人。据说这座老君像是安禄山为了取悦李聋基让人用汉白玉雕刻而成，采用了圆雕的手法，既细致入微有自然生动，也是属于国宝级文物。

好了各位游客西安碑林博物馆参观到次结束了，如果有兴趣您还可以参观其他的碑刻，但原今天的参观能给您带来艺术的启迪，知识的收获。

Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi’an. Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot. In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang (the Lishan Hot Spring). The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace (the Resort Palace). In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin (Emperor Tai Zong) ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747. It was known as the Huaqing Palace. It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.

Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. It is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain (Li means a black horse).

The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days. When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.

Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool. According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past. Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor (the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here. Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again. In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way (玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation. Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.

The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface. In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang (the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths). At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to its close. The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers. In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well. The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers. Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang (the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).

The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath. It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring. The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple; Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring..

Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath. Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion. Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine; hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.

Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion. On its head three big Chinese characters Xi Jia Lou” (Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.

At this spa there are four hot springs. They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C. The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain. The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.

Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.

The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident. After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China. This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation. Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Inspired by our Party’s policy let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggressors,” those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance. Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the suppression of the Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth. Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.

Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending. Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool. They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort. The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only. What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall. He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it. Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm. In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi’an.

In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C. insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident. Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an. Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals. On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing. The Xi’an Incident was so peacefully settled.

The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive. Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage. It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.

In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a National Rejuvenation Pavilion” built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek had hidden himself in the Incident. It was also called Vital Energy Pavilion”. After the national liberation it was renamed Catching Chiang Pavilion”. Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the Xi’an Incident. Iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek’s shelter.

Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction. It shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow. So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.

Located on the Xixiu Ridge (the West Embroidery Ridge) of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.

The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times. It was constantly under special control. Once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.

The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile. King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again. He called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face. Then the band were asked to play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased. Afterwards, maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.

You don’t like music! What on earth are you fond of?” the King asked.

I nearly have a liking for nothing. But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child. It was clear anf melodious,” she replied. King You said in excitement, That is very simple. How come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”

Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces. Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.

Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.

I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.

The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”

Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order. In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain. There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively. The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that Everything should have been all right. I have just been joking with you.” When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed. Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily. Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold. Later on King You did so more often than not. In 771 B.C. Quan Rong (a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty. King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved. Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away. The Western Zhou dynasty vanished. Herein come the Chinese idiom A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”

大雁塔建于唐高宗永徽三年，因坐落在慈恩寺，故又名大慈恩寺塔，位于陕西省西安市南郊慈恩寺内，是全国著名的古代建筑，被视为古都西安的象征大雁塔塔通高64.5米，塔体为方形锥体，造型简洁，气势雄伟，是我国佛教建筑艺术中不可多得的杰作。 此塔是玄奘大师从印度(古天竺)取经回来后，专门从事译经和藏经之处。因仿印度雁塔样式修建，故名雁塔。由于后来又在长安荐福寺内修建了一座较小的雁塔，以示区别，人们把慈恩寺塔叫作大雁塔，荐福寺塔叫作小雁塔，一直流传至今。

大雁塔平面呈方形，建在一座方约45米，高约5米的台基上。塔七层，底层边长25米，由地面至塔顶高64米。塔身用砖砌成，磨砖对缝坚固异常。塔内有楼梯，可以盘旋而上。每层四面各有一个拱券门洞，可以凭栏远眺，将长安风貌尽收眼底。塔的底层四面皆有石门，门桅上均有精美的线刻佛像，西门楣为阿弥陀佛说法图，图中刻有富丽堂皇的殿堂。画面布局严谨，线条遒劲流畅，传为唐代大画家阎立本的手笔，是研究中国古代建筑的重要资料。塔南门两侧的砖龛内，嵌有唐初四大书法家之一的褚遂良所书《大唐三藏圣教序》和《述三藏圣教序记》两块石碑，字体清秀潇洒。唐末以后，寺院屡道兵火，殿宇焚毁，只有大雁塔巍然独存。

大雁塔底层南门两侧，镶嵌着唐代著名书法家褚遂良书写的两块石碑。一块是《大唐三藏圣教序》;另一块是唐高宗撰《述三藏圣教序记》。碑侧蔓草花纹，图案优美，造型生动。这些都是研究唐代书法、绘画、雕刻艺术的重要文物。是我国重要的历史遗产。

唐代许多著名诗人登临大雁塔都留下传诵至今的佳句，如杜甫的 “高标跨苍穹，烈风无时休”;章八元的“却怪鸟飞平地上，自惊人语半空中”等。尤其是岑参的《与高适、薛据同登慈恩寺浮图》;“塔势如涌出，孤高耸天宫;登临出世界，磴道盘虚空。突兀压神州，峥嵘如鬼工;四角碍白日，七层摩苍穹。下窥指高鸟，俯听闻惊风;连山若波涛，奔凑似朝东。青槐夹驰道，宫馆何玲珑;秋色从西来，苍然满关中。五陵北原上，万古青蒙蒙。净理了可悟，胜因夙所宗;誓将挂冠去，觉道资无穷”。诗人气势磅礴的描写与富于哲理的感叹，常常在人们登塔时引起共鸣。

甲方：_______________

身份证号：_______________

乙方：_______________

身份证号：_______________

1、 有限公司(以下简称"______公司")是家依中华人民共和国法律成立并合法存续的 有限责任公司，注册地在 ，现登记注册资本为人民币 万元。

2、 甲乙双方本着平等自愿,公平，公正的原则，在符合双方共同利益的前提下签订本协议。乙方通过在XX公司任职 岗位的形式，全面负责XX公司的 管理工作。以帮助XX公司实现业绩提升。经双方友好协商，达成以下协议：_______________

第一条：协议期限

本协议为期 ________年。有效期自 ________年 ________月 日起至 ________年 ________月 日止。

第二条：乙方工作目标内容

乙方的具体工作内容如下：_______________

1; ______20__年度销售额目标 万元，利润目标 ________%。

2; ______20__年度销售额目标 万元，利润目标 ________%。

3; ______20__年度销售额目标 万元，利润目标 ________%。

第三条：乙方期权股份收益

说明：

1;乙方如实现年度目标，则可拿走年度的期权股份，待协议期满后甲方根据约定将乙方共计 ________%的期权股份转为正式注册股。

2;每年度期权股份分红发放时间为____________公司年度财务结算后一个月内发放。

3;本协议期满后若____________公司年销售额达成约定目标，则乙方享受____________公司的期权股份立即转为____________公司的注册股份，甲方按双方约定办理乙方的期权股份转注册股份相关手续，期限为服务期截止日后的一个月内。

4;本协议期满后若____________公司年销售额未达成约定目标，则甲方不需要将____________公司的期权股份转让给乙方，而乙方应该按照自身的期权股份同比例转让给甲方，甲乙双方按双方约定办理甲方的期权股份转注册股份相关手续，期限为服务期截止日后的一个月内。

第四条：乙方薪酬支付方式

乙方薪酬方案设计( ________年度)

1;在实现 ________年度目标 万元的前提下提成总额 万元，但为鼓励乙方向更高目标冲刺，甲方还设定了冲刺目标，如实现冲刺目标再给予乙方 ________%的提成比例。

2;岗位固定工资按月度发放，发放时间以____________公司工资发放日为准。

3; ________年乙方的薪酬发放形式仍然按照上述方法进行推算与发放，具体由甲乙双方共同协商。

第五条：甲方权利及义务

①甲方权利

1：协议生效期间，甲方有权利对企业重大事件决策拥有决策权。

2：甲方有权根据时间节点对乙方工作成果做检验。

3：甲方拥有对超过______万元(大写 )的资金支出拥有审批权。

4：甲方拥有对____________公司年度规划的最终审批权。

②甲方义务

1：协议生效期间，甲方需在包括但不限于企业管理、运营、营销、财务等方面全力配合乙方更好的完成工作。

2：甲方需配合乙方完成____________公司高层、中层及以下人事任免工作。

3：甲方有义务向乙方提供所有企业相关信息及资料。

第六条：乙方权利及义务

①乙方权利

1：协议生效期间，乙方绝对拥有对____________公司包括但不限于营销团队的编制调整、业务流程梳理、各类制度、企业文化、各岗位薪酬与考核等方面的调整与修改权。

2：乙方拥有对____________公司高、中、基层员工的招聘、任命、解聘权。

3：乙方拥有对____________公司财务所以情况的知晓权。

4：乙方拥有对____________公司新业务开展的参与和控制权。

②乙方义务

1：协议生效期间，乙方需遵守____________公司的规章制度。

2：_乙方应利用专业经验和应有的职业审慎，对____________公司进行全面有效的管理。

3：乙方不得以任何形式向第三方透露任何有关____________公司的内部信息。

第七条：协议解除

1：公司销售额出现明显下滑且无任何提升改变(不含非抗力客观因素)，甲方可提前解除协议。

2：乙方出现严重违反____________公司制度并对____________公司造成重大损失，甲方有权提前解除协议。

3：甲乙双方经协商一致，可提前解除协议。

第八条：违约责任

本协议对签约双方具有平等的法律效力，若任何一方未能履行其在本协议项下的义务或保证，除非依照法律规定可以免责，违约方应向协议对方无条件转让____________公司 ________%的公司注册股份。

第九条：责任免除

如因不可抗力或与国家政策法律法规的规定有冲突，致使本协议部分条款无法得到履行，则甲乙双方均无需承担违约责任。

第十条：争议的解决

1：与本协议有效性、履行、违约及解除等有关争议，双方应友好协商解决。

2：如果协商不成，则任何一方均可申请仲裁或向有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼。

十一条：其他事项

1：乙方对甲方提供的资料和信息承担保密义务，如需公开、援引或向其他第三方提供，需经甲方同意。

2：其他未尽事宜双方自行协商确定。

第十二条：附则

1：_______________本协议自双方授权代表签字盖章之日起生效。

2：_______________本协议如有附件，则与本协议具有同等法律效力，自双方签字盖章起生效。

3：_______________本协议一式三份，双方各执一份，并具有同等法律效力。

甲方：_______________ 乙方：_______________

日期：_______________ 日期：_______________

除特定情况外，程序每页不少于________行，文档每页不少于________行相关的证明文件自然人、法人或者其他组织的身份证明;____________有著作权归属书面合同或者项目任务书的，应当提交合同或者项目任务书;经原软件著作权人许可，在原有软件上开发的软件，应当提交原著作权人的许可证明;权利继承人、受让人或者承受人，提交权利继承、受让或者承受的证明。

鉴别材料的例外交存申请软件著作权登记的，可以选择以下方式之一对鉴别材料作例外交存：_________________源程序的前、后各连续的________页，其中的机密部分用黑色宽斜线覆盖，但覆盖部分不得超过交存源程序的________%;源程序连续的前________页，加上源程序的任何部分的连续的________页;计算机软件著作权登记申请表___________软件基本信息___________软件全称___________软件简称___________分类号___________版本号___________软件作品说明___________原创___________修改(含翻译软件、合成软件)___________开发完成日期______________________发表状态已发表___________________未发表___________已发表信息___________首次发表日期：______________________________软件著作权登记办法______________________首次发表地点国家：_________________城市：_________________开发方式：1.独立开发2.合作开发3.委托开发4.下达任务开发权利取得方式___________原始取得___________继受取得(1.受让2.承受3.继承)软件是否已登记(原登记号：_________________)原登记是否做过变更或补充(变更或补充证明书编号：_________________)权利范围：1.全部部分2.发表权署名权3.修改权4.复制权5.发行权6.出租权7.信息网络传播权翻译权应当由著作权人享有的其他权利软件技术特点：1.硬件环境2.软件环境3.编程语言4.源程序量5.主要功能和技术特点著作权人信息___________姓名/单位名称___________类别私营国籍_________________________________技术有限公司___________省份___________城市___________证件类型___________证件号码___________园区___________姓名/单位名称___________类别___________国籍___________申请人：________________

___________年_______月_____日

西安是陕西省省会，世界著名的历史文化名城，是我国中西部地区重要的科研、高等教育、国防科技工业和高新技术产业基地。1992年7月国务院批准为内陆开放城市，是新亚欧大陆桥中国段陇海兰新线上最大的中心城市。现辖9区4县，总面积9983平方公里，人口725万人。20xx年全市生产总值实现1095.87亿元;全年财政总收入164.5亿元，其中地方财政收入86.06亿元。

在全国区域经济布局上，西安具有承东启西、东联西进的区位优势，在西部大开发战略中具有重要的战略地位。西安的比较优势突出地表现在三个层次上：世界级的旅游观光资源优势;国家级的科研教育和高新技术产业基地优势;区域级的金融、商贸中心和交通、信息枢纽优势。通过深化改革和扩大开放，西安正在成为我国重要的内陆开放城市。

旅游资源得天独厚，是海内外著名的世界历史文化名城之一。西安，是人类文明和中华民族优秀传统文化的发祥地之一，有着3100多年的建城史，先后有周、秦、汉、唐等13个王朝在这里建都，曾经是中国政治、经济文化中心和最早对外开放的城市，闻名遐尔的“丝绸之路”就是以西安为起点的，是与雅典、罗马、开罗齐名的世界著名历史古都。1981年联合国科教文组织把西安确定为“世界历史名城”。

西安文化遗产极为丰富。西安境内有重点文物保护单位282处，其中国家级重点文物保护单位34处，省级重点文物保护单位72处，馆库藏文物12万余件。被誉为“世界第八奇迹”的秦始皇兵马俑坑，目前世界上保存最完整、规模最大的古城墙--西安明城墙及周沣镐、秦阿房宫、汉长安城、唐大明宫四大遗址等，皆为人类珍贵的历史文化遗产。丰富的历史文化遗产和独特的自然风貌使西安成为海内外游客首选的旅游目的地之一。

改革开放以来，西安旅游基础设施和产业体系颇具规模。全市拥有年接待游客10万人以上的景区20个，国家4A级景区9个，年末全市星级宾馆72家，其中五星级宾馆4家，四星级宾馆13家。首批获得了“中国优秀旅游城市”称号，旅游业成为西安经济发展的支柱产业和非外贸创汇的主要来源。

科技实力强，高等教育发达，是我国科研教育和高新技术产业的重要基地。西安的综合科技实力位居全国大城市前列，尤其是在航天航空、输变电设备、仪器仪表、电子通讯、缝纫机、大型风机、重型汽车、纺织、钟表等领域具有较强的科研、生产能力。西安现有国家级科研基地9个。西安高等院校、科研院所众多，拥有一批达到国际水平的开放型实验室和国内一流的试验和检测设备，一些尖端技术在国内处于领先地位。西安现有普通高等院校37所，民办及其他高等教育机构36所，博士点334个，硕士点826个，国家级重点学科60个，省部级重点学科385个。20xx年，全市经认定的高新技术企业已达1023家，高新技术产品产值达385亿元。

近几年来，西安市不断优化区域发展布局，高新技术产业开发区、经济技术开发区、曲江新区、氵产灞生态区、阎良国家航空高技术产业基地建设成效显著，形成了“四区一基地”的开发新区格局，成为西安科技成果转化的中心基地、对外开放的窗口和促进经济发展新的增长点。西安高新技术产业开发区1991年3月经国务院批准为国家级高新区，并被科技部评选为全国十大先进高新区之一。1997年，国务院批准西安高新区为我国首批4个对亚太经济合作组织(APEC)成员特别开放的高科技园区之一，是国家“十五”期间重点建设的5个国家示范高新区之一。

20xx年，西安高新区被联合国工业组织考察认定为中国6个最具活力的城市区域之一。目前，西安高新区已成为中国西部地区最大的集科研、生产、商贸、居住、文教、娱乐于一体的高科技工业园区。已有美国IBM公司、荷兰飞利浦公司等46家世界500强和世界著名企业进驻高新区。20xx年，西安高新区被评选为中国50家投资环境诚信安全区。西安经济技术开发区1993年9月正式开工建设，20xx年2月被国务院正式批准为国家级经济开发区，区内拥有西北地区唯一的国家级出口加工区，是西安市对外开放的窗口。已有日本三菱、美国可口可乐等12家世界500强企业在区内投资。曲江新区实施文化和旅游带动战略，加快基础设施建设，已成为西安新的旅游亮点。氵产灞生态区、阎良国家航空高技术产业基地招商引资等工作进展顺利，成为西安经济新的增长点。

紧抓西部大开发的历史机遇，乘势而上，各项工作开创新局面。近年来，全市认真贯彻国家和省委、省政府的工作部署，围绕西部大开发、西安大发展，坚持解放思想，实事求是，与时俱进，开拓创新，提出了“建设西部经济强市、实现中国西安·西部最佳”的奋斗目标。

西安不只是古老的，更是现代的;不只是一座拥有丰富历史文化积淀的古老城市，也是一座蓬勃发展、充满活力与希望的现代化城市，更是各地朋友投资兴业的一方热土。我们诚挚邀请大家到西安来共谋合作，共同发展。

各位游客：

大家好!我是西安秦兵马俑旅行社的导游，我姓林，大家可以叫我小林。我很高兴能成为大家的导游，希望我能和各位一起度过这一段美好的时光。

在游玩之前 ，我要给大家一个温馨的提示 ：请大家跟着我走，不要掉队，有孩子的大人请看好孩子。

秦兵马俑在我国西安的临潼出土，今天我就要带领大家游览这举世无双、享誉世界的古代历史文物。

我们现在所处的位置是秦兵马俑坑中最大的一号坑。秦兵马俑的三个俑坑总面积近20190平方米，有五十个篮球场那么大，坑内的兵马俑近八千个，一号坑东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积14260平方米。坑里的兵马俑也最多，有六千多个。你们看坑里的兵马俑一行行，一列列，十分整齐，排成一个大的长方形军阵，真像秦始皇当年统率的一支南征北战、所向披靡的大军。

大家快看，将军俑身材魁梧，头上戴着鶡冠，身披铠甲，手里握着宝剑，昂首挺胸。那神态自若、威风凛凛的样子，一看就知道是久经沙场、重任在肩。

大家看，这就是武士俑，武士俑平均身高约1.8米，体格健壮，体型匀称。它们身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，手持兵器，整装待发。

瞧，武士俑身后站着的骑兵俑比武士俑还要威风。它们上身着短甲，下身着紧口裤，足登长靴，右手执缰绳，左手持弓箭，好像随时准备上马冲杀。

铁骑俑的战马肌肉丰满，形体健壮的陶马跟一般大小。那跃跃欲试的样子，好像一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程。

我的讲解到此结束，请大家尽情的玩耍，有要拍照的，我可以帮忙。

各位游客：

中国有四大碑林，它们分别在陕西、山东、四川和中国台湾，而陕西省的西安碑林博物馆，以碑石之多、价值之高，名列四大碑林之首。倘若您是一位历史、文学、绘画、雕刻、书法艺术爱好者，来西安而没去参观西安碑林博物馆，将会十分遗憾。

西安碑林博物馆位于西安市三学街15号，是在原西安府文庙和西安碑林旧址上建立起来的，是一座以西安碑林和古代石刻陈列为主，并进行综合陈列的历史文化宝库。西安碑林，以碑石丛立如林而得名。它始建于北宋元祐二年(公元1087年)，历经900多年的历史，是我国收藏碑石最早最多的艺术宝库。该馆藏石3000余方，现展出的仅是藏石的三分之一，分别陈列在6个碑廊、7座碑室、8个碑亭中。1961年西安碑林被国务院公布为第一批国家级重点文物保护单位。下面，请大家尽情地欣赏一番碑林的艺术精华吧。

【文庙的历史沿革】

各位游客，前面已经说过，西安碑林是在原西安府文庙和西安碑林;日址上建立起来的，今天我们的游览也就主要分成两部分。现在我们来到的是第一部分碑林博物馆前院，也就是文庙，参观这里就像是观看主戏前的序幕。

文庙就是孔庙，因唐代封孔子为文宣王而得名，现在仍保持着孔庙建筑的格调。游客们还在车上时就能发现这里是一片亭台楼阁、雕梁画栋式的古建筑群，不亲历这绿树成荫、鸟语花香的环境，谁能相信在繁华的闹市区竞有如此幽静的场所?

全国大多数地区都建有孔庙，规模最大的要算山东曲阜的那座了。我们面前这座西安孔庙始建于宋徽宗赵信崇宁年间(公元1102—1120xx年)，由唐长安国子监旧址，也就是今天的西安市西大街社会路一带，移建于此，历经元、明、清各代，屡屡修葺，依然保留着其巍巍雄姿。大家已经看到博物馆门外南墙上，有两个苍劲有力的描金大字“孔庙”，是由清末陕西著名书画家刘晖所书。墙根下那几棵古槐有人说是唐朝末年所植，距今已有1100多年历史，被称为太庙古槐，而今也按重要文化遗产加以保护。

【三学街—孔庙大门—木牌坊】

横在大家面前的这条路，叫三学街。三学街不长，却能引发怀古之幽思，常令游客流连忘返。在明宪宗朱见深成化年间，西安府辖的长安和咸宁二县的学府，相继迁移至文庙两侧，遂有一庙(孔庙)三学(咸宁学、府学、长安学)之称。三学街的称谓也就一直延续下未了。今天，这里已成为西安古文化艺术的集中地之一，文房四宝、文物古玩应有尽有。

各位游客，游完三学街后步入博物馆大门，向东南方向望去，木牌坊、伴池、魁星楼等遥相呼应，构成一幅别具风格的动人画面。只要稍加注意，大家就会发现西安碑林博物馆有个不引人注目的特点，即东西开门。其实天下孔庙无正门。无论大小，孔庙的整体建筑格局都是坐北朝南，但不开南门，而开义路(东门)和礼门(西门)。全国所有孔庙都把塞门、泮门及棂星门、戟门、大成殿对称地排在一条中轴线上，因为孔子的地位被各朝代抬得很高，可以说是至高无尚。若开南门，便是不敬。

孔庙里建有一座奇特的木牌坊，远看就像高高的彩楼。它用12根红木柱支撑，三层棋形斗檐式木质结构，拔地而起，上面彩绘花纹图案和二龙戏珠，是明代建筑，也叫太和元气坊。按当时规格建造法，本来应该把牌坊设在孔庙门外。这座牌坊是由西岳庙迁建过来的，由于门外是城墙，选不出合适的地方，便只好 “屈就”在这里了。

【泮池—棂星门—华表—戟门—两庑】

各位游客，现在我们已进入到碑林前院了。大家已经看到中间有座不大不小的水池。这不是一般的水池，“天下孔庙有泮池”指的就是它。所谓泮池，就是半圆形的池子。古代称学校为泮宫;到清代，中举称人泮，泮池以此而得名。在封建社会，只有考上秀才方可进人孔庙朝拜，并在泮池洗笔。各位游客不妨也以秀才的身份，沿祭孔的路线，感受一下秀才祭拜的仪俗。

好了，我们已进入棂星门，这也是孔庙的第二道门。棂星门始建于元代。东门额刻有“德配天地”，西门额刻有“道冠古今”。棂与灵通用。灵星为星宿之名，是神话传说中取士之神。清代把棂星门由二门改为三门，中门书“文庙”二字，东西门不变。

过棂星门后，人们便会发现孔庙里也有控马桩，只不过此处的拴马桩比平时见到的要大得多。其实，这是石柱型的华表，起仪卫和祥瑞作用。北京天安门前和山东曲阜庙的盘龙华表，代表了最高等级的华表，而西安碑林里的这对华表均为八棱形石柱，通高445厘米，周长163厘米，也是较引人注目的一景。

戴门位于棂星门以北，属于明代后多次翻建的古建筑物。这是古代孔庙陈列兵器用的，两侧室则为祭孔人员熟悉仪规和整理衣冠而设。

孔庙的两点，也叫东西庑，指正房对面和两侧的小屋子，是孔庙里不可缺少的建筑之一，为祭把孔子七十二弟子而设。

【大成殿的得名来历—建筑历史—魁星楼的兴衰】

各位游客，现在我们看到的是大成殿，这说明我们已经游到了孔庙正殿。“大成”取自《孟子·万章章句下》“孔子之谓大成，集大成者也”。其意思是孔子之知无不尽，而德无不全也。“犹作乐者，集众乐之小成，而为一大成也!”其意思为，孔夫子好比乐队指挥，能把演奏的内容融为一体，变成大型演奏，故称大成殿。

据有关史料记载，大成殿始于宋代。这里的大成殿为底式建筑，修建于明代。当时殿前有一大型露台，周围有栏杆，东、南、西面有石级可踏步而上，南下中有云龙纹图案石雕，可和北京故宫太和殿前的石雕相媲美。可惜，这样一座宏伟的建筑，在1959年9月13日下午4时，毁于一场无情的雷电之火。

魁星，是中国神话传说中的二十八宿之一，主宰文章兴衰，俗称魁星。一般应试得第一名者为“魁首”或称“魁甲”，即指状元。旧时孔庙或学府中都要修建魁星楼，以祭扫魁星，祈求功名顺利。

这里的魁星楼，建于明神宗朱栩钓万历四十七年(公元1620xx年)。原楼于清末民初因失修塌毁。公元1986年，党和政府据历史资料，依原楼大小、高度及形体重建了魁星楼。此楼建在城墙上，显得更加高大雄伟。

【景云钟—七座碑亭】

我们穿过戟门，在东侧可以找到被称为天下奇物的景云钟。

景云钟，铸于唐睿宗李旦景云二年(公元720xx年)，故称景云钟，也叫景龙观钟。此钟高2.47米，重约6吨，用铜5000多公斤，是我国古代最大的铜钟之一。它由25块铜模铸成，游客走近仍能看出铜铸弥合的痕迹。钟身分上中下3段，每段分3格，除下段中格为铭文外，其余均饰以各种不同的动物和飞天，造形生动而形象。32枚钟乳像一颗颗明亮的星星，均匀地布于钟身各处。据说它们具有装饰钟表面和调节音韵的作用。

钟上铭文共18行292个字，是唐睿宗李旦所撰写的，主要描述道教的神秘玄妙和对景云钟的赞语，还谈到此钟的铸造经过。

唐睿宗李旦铸钟，是为了纪念他的哥哥中宗李显。李显和李旦是唐高宗李治和武则天的三、四子，这两人都做过短时间的皇帝。唐代兴建的钟楼，毁于战火之中。明太祖朱元漳洪武十七年(公元1384年)，在迎样观原址上又新建一座3层高的钟楼，悬钟子上层中央，早晚敲钟报时。这座钟移到陕西省博物馆后， 1964年参加了在日本举办的世界名钟展，被选入世界名钟之列。每年除夕，中央人民广播电台播出的第一声钟响，即是景云钟钟声的录音;西安电报大楼的方形大钟报时的钟声也是景云钟的录音。

各位游客，我们基本游完了碑林的第一部分即碑林前院孔庙。最后大家数一数，从载门到大成殿的路两侧总共建有七座碑亭，亭亭形状相同。这些碑亭建于清朝历代，因为康熙、乾隆等朝都曾出动大军，与西北地区的分裂割据势力作战，每平定一处，皇帝就亲书庆功碑一座，竖立在这里。由于是皇帝的御碑，所以，按等级规定，每个碑都加盖碑亭。这些亭子在两侧是对称的，惟前院有一单列，原因是建到这里时，清王朝衰败了，再也没有竖碑和建亭的机会了。

【碑林的形成】

各位游客，我们现在开始参观博物馆的第二部分，即闻名还逐的西安碑林。西安碑林为何如此出名?主要原因在于它是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。所谓唐代石经，包括唐玄宗李隆基亲自书写的《石台孝经》和唐文宗李昂开成二年(公元837年)艾居晦等人书写的《开成石经》等。这些石经原来都立在长安城务本坊国于监大学内(今西安城南文艺路一带)。

在漫长的历史长河中，有众多的志士仁人，为西安碑林的发展作出了巨大贡献。碑林的创始人是北宋龙图阁学士吕大忠，是他亲自主持设计，基本形成了以《石台孝经》、《开成石经》为主的碑林陈列格局。

碑林的奠基人，首先当推唐代的韩建，是他把弃于郊野的唐石经第一次迁移到尚书省之隅(今西安市西大街社会路)。还有五代的尹玉明多次把石经迁入城内。两人为碑林的建立奠定了基础。

金元时期的任佐，捐钱筹划碑林整修工程;明代金石学家费甲铸为防止碑林拓印受损，摹刻充实碑林。还有大家熟悉的民国政府监察院院长于右任，捐给碑林《汉熹平石经残石》，使碑林第一次有了汉代碑石，而这碑石，是目前发现的最大。字数最多的珍品。土堆成山，水积成川，碑林就是经过历代中国人的辛勤努力，才成为今天的文化艺术宝库，当大家欣赏到这一块块来之不易的碑石，会产生怎样的感想呢?

【碑亭及《石台孝经碑》—第一室《唐开成石经》—第二室《大秦景教流行中国碑》】

各位游客，现在我们来到西安碑林广场。大家已经看到一座红柱绿栏双飞檐的碑亭。

亭子上中央“碑林”两字传说是林则徐写的。亭内竖立着唐玄宗的《石台孝经碑》。它是由唐玄宗李隆基亲自作序、注释并书写，由宰相李林甫、国子祭酒李齐古主持，于唐玄宗李隆基天宝四年(公元745年)镌刻而成的御碑。整座碑是由高590厘米，宽120厘米的4石结体而成。碑冠、碑身、碑座，共用 35块巨石组合。碑文用隶书书写，字体雍容爽朗，端庄大方，很值得游客们观赏、临摹和研究。碑冠上雕刻神龙，碑座上线刻双狮和卷草纹饰的三层石台垒起，显得庄重魁伟，气象不凡。据说当年碑刻好后，李齐古把拓本呈给唐玄宗过目，唐玄宗又写上了“孝者，德之本”鞠批文。

当我们来到西安碑林第一室时，会有一种进入巨大的石质书库的感觉，因为这里陈列着中国目前仅存的一套最完整的十三经刻石。

在印刷技术还不发达的唐代，为避免士子们在学习时传抄的错误，并能永久保存，特刻石经为范本，立于长安城务本坊国子监大学内。由于这套石刻经书刻于唐文宗李昂开成二年(公元837年)，所以又称《开成石经》其内容包括我国封建社会知识分子必读的《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《礼仪》、《礼记》、《左传》、《公羊传》、《毂梁传》、《孝经》、《论语》、《尔雅》、《孟子》13部经书。前12经共114石、228面。每石高216厘米，宽83厘米至99厘米不等，共65.0252万字。如215石至222石的《论语》，是孔子的弟子们记载孔子言行的一部专集，共分20篇，包括孔子关于政治、教育、文学等方面的言论，由孔子的再传弟子编辑于战国时期，是研究孔子和初期儒家学说的珍贵资料。说它是世界上最重、最大的一部石书是一点也不过分的。不知道游客们是否赞同这个观点?

参观第二室时，大家一定会奇怪：怎么在这体现中国古文化的西安碑林中也会出现刻有外国文字的碑石?其实在西安碑林中，刻着外国文字的碑石有好几块，最为著名的就是眼前这块《大秦景教流行中国碑》。它高279厘米，宽99厘米，共32行，每行62字。“大秦”是中国古代对罗马帝国的泛称。景教是基督教中斯脱里派的中国称呼。景教在唐太宗李世民贞观九年(公元635年)传到长安。此碑立于唐德宗李适建中二年(公元781年)，是由景教僧景净述事，吕秀岩书写。看到这里，大家是否能体会到中外文化交流的悠久历史渊源呢?

【盛唐书法名家颜真卿】

各位游客，不知道在你们之中是否有书法爱好者?大家应该知道，中国初唐有四位大书法家，他们分别是欧阳询、虞世南、诸遂良、薛稷，他们是二王(王台之、王献之)书体的继承人，然而唐朝新书体的创造者应该是盛唐时期的颜真卿。

如果说西安碑林是中国古代书法艺术的百花园，那么颜真卿的书法则是一朵争奇斗艳的奇葩。颜真卿是怎样一个人?他是盛唐时期的著名书法家，官至平原太守、太子太师等职，为唐朝名垂千古的忠烈大臣，人称“颜平原”。他一生为人刚毅正直，屡遭权奸陷害与排斥，最后为维护唐朝统一，以身殉国，被人尊称为 “颜鲁公”。颜真卿善楷书和行草，他博采众家之长、独创自己风格的书法艺术，把民间酝酿已久的书法革新推向了高潮。他一生留下来的书法作品有70多种，在西安碑林这座书法艺术的殿堂里，陈列的颜真卿真迹有6处。如第二室中的《多宝塔感应碑》，是颜真卿为千福寺和尚楚金一书写的墓碑，44岁时书写。其特点是字体端正，苍劲有力，结构严密，更多地保留了晋和初唐楷书的风格。还有挥洒自如的《颜氏家庙碑》、劲挺豁达的《争座位稿帖刻石》均在第二室，浑厚雄健的《臧怀恪碑》、气势磅磅的《郭家庙碑》、丰润饱满的《颜勤礼碑》均在第三室。游客们可以根据颜体发展的不同阶段去体会、去感受。

【诸遂良、王羲之与《大唐三藏圣教序碑》】

在西安碑林博物馆的第二室，各位游客已经看到有两通位后三藏圣教序碑》。一通是王羲之的墨迹;一通是唐代大书法家请遂良的手笔。来过西安旅游的人还知道在离此不远的大雁塔上还有两通碑，一通是《雁塔圣教序碑》;另一通力《雁塔圣教序记碑》。游客们会问，古人为什么要坚那么多的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》呢?晋代书法家王羲之又怎么能为唐人书写碑文呢?

首先我们要搞清碑文内容。中国古典神话小说《西游记》里的唐三藏可谓家喻户晓，其实这小说的主人公还真有其人，是隋末唐初的玄奘大法师。玄奘法师曾于贞观三年(公元620xx年)一人离开长安去印度，沿丝绸之路长途跋涉，克服种种艰难险阻，甚至冒着生命危险，先后共在外20xx年。当他满载657部梵文佛经回到长安城时，唐太宗非常激动，为表彰他的印度之行，亲自撰写“三藏圣教”的序文和记，这也就是我们今天所说的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》的碑文内容。

现在我们先看褚遂良的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》。褚遂良是杭州人，唐太宗时曾任中书令、诗书等职，为官清正，深受皇恩。太宗晚年，托身后大事于他，可见这位唐初四大书法家之一的话遂良不同于一般大书法家。只是他后来反对唐高宗立武则天为后，被贬为爱州刺史。请遂良写的位唐三藏圣教序碑》共有两处3 通，一处是镶在大雁塔台上的《大唐三藏圣教序》和《大唐三藏圣教序记》。另一处就是眼前这通《同州三藏圣教序碑》了。那么游客看到这里会问：褚遂良为何要写3通圣教序碑呢?传说，唐太宗时期，李世民令褚遂良当场书写《大唐三藏圣教序碑》和《大唐三藏圣教序记碑》。事后，请遂良自己感到在皇帝面前书写碑文过于拘谨，现场发挥得不够理想，便又重写了一通《大唐三藏圣教序碑》，世称《同州三藏圣教序碑》。

王羲之的大名恐怕没有人不知道了。他也是浙江人，居会稽山阴，初任秘书郎，后任征西参军、江州刺史等职，官到有将军、会稽内史，世称“王右军”。他的《兰亭集序》是胜炙人口的名篇，千古流传。据说唐太宗酷爱王羲之书法，曾下令由国库出重金购买王羲之真迹，经他珍藏的王羲之墨宝有2200余件。所以，历史上曾有唐太宗骗取《兰亭集序》陪葬昭陵的故事。至于王羲之为唐人写碑与唐太宗崇佛和爱王羲之书法有关。唐弘福寺沙门和尚怀仁，是唐初的一位知名书法家。为了使皇帝写的碑文和王台之的书法珠联壁合，经久传世，怀仁决。小集字勒石成碑。这时王素之已去世200多年，惟一条件是有大量王体真迹。为此，怀仁和尚做了大量艰苦细致的工作，花费巨大代价，历经20xx年才完成这通特殊的丰碑。

各位游客，西安碑林的参观到此结束。有兴趣的话，您还可自由游览其他碑刻，但愿今天的参观能给您带来艺术的启迪、知识的收获。谢谢!

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Xian.

Xian, a famous historical and cultural city, is located in the middle ofWeishui plain on the West Bank of the Yellow River. There is fertile land, avast expanse of eight hundred Li Qinchuan, natural treasures, outstandingpeople. On the land of China, this dazzling pearl inlaid in the southern end ofthe Loess Plateau, once had a world-famous, extremely brilliant history andculture, but also had green waters and mountains, extremely beautiful naturallandscape.

In the East and west of Xian, the Qinling Mountains, known as the"Oriental Alps", are crisscrossed and meandering. On this beautiful scenic line,there are Huashan Mountain, which is known as the first of the five mountains,Lishan Mountain in Lintong, which is famous for its hot spring soup pools,Zhongnan mountain, which is green in all seasons and rare in its interior, andTaibai Mountain, which is called a wonder for its snow cover in June. They forma natural and unique scenery group. In ancient Changan, there were eightrivers, Wei River, Chan River, Ba River, Lao river, Feng River, Mao River, ZaoRiver and Yu River, which were surrounded by blue waves.

This thousand year old capital at the foot of the Qinling Mountains and onthe Bank of the Weihe River has Tongguan in the East and Sanguan in the West. Inthe north, the chidao, which was built in the Qin Dynasty, is a thoroughfare forfighting against Xiongnu and supplying supplies. In the south, Ziwu Road,TangLuo Road, Baoxie road and Chencang road can cross Hanzhong to Bashu. In thesoutheast, Wuguan road in Shangluo Mountain is the throat leading to Chu. Inancient times, Changan had convenient transportation, both land and water,dangerous terrain, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It has always been aplace for military strategists and emperors to make contributions.

Xian is an important birthplace of Chinese history and culture, and alsoone of the earliest developed areas of human civilization. In the thousands ofyears of history of the Chinese nation, perhaps no city can enjoy such a loftystatus and incomparable brilliance as Xian: it is the capital of 13 dynastiessince the Western Zhou Dynasty and the epitome of the first half of Chinesefeudal society.

Since Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Xian has been in the center of politics,economy and culture for a long time with its unique historical position. In the11th century B.C., the Zhou people grew stronger and stronger in Qishan andFufeng areas in the western part of Guanzhong, and finally established theircountry after destroying the Shang Dynasty, and established their capitals inFengjing and Haojing. Qin people successively established capitals in Yongcheng,Liyang and Xianyang, and went out of Hangu in the east to destroy the six statesand establish an unprecedented unified Qin Empire. The capital of Qin Dynasty isstill Xianyang, which is near the water on the tableland. After the destructionof Qin Dynasty by Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, he took a fancy to theeight hundred Li Qinchuan River, which is a vast expanse of fertile land, andchose to establish the capital on the South Bank of Weihe River, which is justacross from qinxianyang. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mangusurped the Han Dynasty and established a new dynasty, inheriting the capitaland system of the Han family. When the Huangjin army rose, Dong Zhuo burned allthe palaces in Luoyang, and the princes of the 18th route begged for Zhuo.Therefore, Dong Zhuo forced Emperor Xian to move westward to Changan. TheEastern Han Dynasty had six years here.

The scenic Fenghe river is full of a large number of cultural treasuresfrom the Western Zhou Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is a magical and attractiveplace. Emperor min of the Western Jin Dynasty was the emperor in Changan, andhe was destroyed in only three years. The former Zhao, the former Qin, the laterQin, the Western Wei and the Northern Zhou established their capitals here.Changan city experienced a long period of war and shortage of soldiers afterthe Han Dynasty. In 581 ad, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, unifiedChina again. Later, in the southeast of Changan City in the Han Dynasty, YuWenkai, a famous architect, designed and supervised the construction of DaxingCity, the capital of the Sui Dynasty. The scale, layout and scientificfacilities of Daxing City obviously exceeded that of Changan City in HanDynasty, which laid the foundation of Changan City in Tang Dynasty. TangDynasty is the heyday of Chinese history, and Changan city is also anincomparable brilliant model in the history of Chinese capital. Changan is notonly the political, economic and cultural center of the Tang Empire, but alsothe largest international city in the east of the world.

"The ancient imperial state in the middle of Qin Dynasty". History choseXian and Xian enriched history. Today, whenever people talk about the formerChangan in Xian, they are full of national pride and admiration for the richand incomparable ancient courtesy of China for thousands of years.

If history chose Xian as the capital of emperors, making it the centralstage of Chinas politics, economy and culture for more than a thousand years,then the emperors who once made great achievements in Xian chose Guanzhongsprofound and extensive loess land as their final destination. As a result, thedense and grand mausoleums of emperors spread all over Guanzhong with thearrogance of the past and the present, becoming one of the most unique culturallandscapes in Xian.

The imperial mausoleum in Shaanxi can be traced back to the mausoleum ofthe Yellow Emperor more than 5000 years ago. It is the mausoleum of XuanyuanYellow Emperor, the forefather of the Chinese nation. It is on the top ofQiaoshan mountain in Huangling County, north of Xian. Ever since ancient timesand every year, countless Chinese and Miao descendants have come here to payhomage to the mausoleum, find their roots, ask their ancestors, and remembertheir saints. In addition to the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, more than 70emperors were also buried in Guanzhong during the 20__ years from the WesternZhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ancient Changan was not only the political and economic center of Chinafor a long time, but also the center of religious culture. In the Tang Dynasty,with political stability and economic development, the religious culture ofChangan reached its peak. At this time, not only the native Taoist culture inChina was widely spread, but also the foreign Buddhist culture was in aprominent position in social life.

Since the introduction of Buddhism into China in the Han Dynasty, it hasbecome the ideology of the gentry through the southern and Northern Dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty, it became a common practice to respect and worshipBuddhism. As the eastern end of the "Silk Road" and a cosmopolitan metropolis,Changan has gathered eminent monks and missionaries from all over the world.Inside and outside the city of Changan in the Tang Dynasty, there are manypagodas and temples, and there are many people who preach and listen to theDharma. According to historical records, there are 122 monasteries and 31nunnery monasteries in Changan city. Emperors and court dignitaries are proudto build monasteries and spend time with monks. The scale of these monasteriesis also amazing. For example, Cien Temple, which is called "Chonglou Fudian,Yunge Dongfang, more than ten monasteries, has a total of 1896, covering 342mu.". In the enlightened and open Tang Dynasty, not only the various sects ofBuddhist temples and Taoism as the national religion were very active, butNestorianism, Manichaeism and Islam also spread to China one after another,making an indelible contribution to the prosperity of Chinese and foreigncultures.

Today, there are still many religious and cultural relics inside andoutside Changan city. The towering big wild goose pagoda of Cien Temple andthe beautiful small wild goose pagoda of Jianfu temple have become the symbol ofXian, a famous historical and cultural city. Famen Temple has become a Buddhistholy land again because of the excavation of four Buddhist finger relicscollected in the Tang Dynasty. Daxingshan temple, Qinglong temple, Xiangjitemple and other famous temples have also become symbols of friendly exchangesand tourist attractions between China and foreign countries. The famous TaoistLouguantai, Baxian palace and Huajue Lane Muslim temple in the city areimportant places for the spread of Taoist and Islamic culture.

In history, the ancient city of Xian provided a broad and bright stage forChina to show its great and brilliant posture to the world, and made immortalcontributions to the survival, improvement and development of the Chinesenation. Perhaps it is just out of the reward for Xian that history generouslypresented this magical land with numerous historical relics and cultural relics.It is an invaluable treasure. It not only makes every Chinese proud and feel theresponsibility of history, but also as one of the cream of human culturalheritage, let people from all over the world comprehend the clear trajectory ofsocial courtesy development and the endless creativity of human beings.

The historical relics in Xian and Guanzhong area have the integrity ofrare historical sequence. This outstanding advantage is determined by thelong-span characteristics of Xians long history, which is difficult for manyhistorical cities to match. There, the Paleolithic artifacts of the Lantian apeman 1.15 million years ago and the painted pottery basin of the mud illusion ofthe matriarchal clan settlement in Banpo 6000 years ago jointly outline thecontext and footprints of the survival, reproduction and development of theprimitive ancestors; the deep, dignified, mysterious and treacherous bronzes ofthe Shang and Zhou dynasties represent the living atmosphere of the aristocratsin the slave society; The magnificent terracotta warriors and horses andexquisite stone portraits of the Qin and Han Dynasties are wrapped with thepolitical situation and flames of war in the early feudal society; the gorgeousmurals and colorful gold and silver wares of the Sui and Tang Dynasties recordthe glorious chapter of the golden age; and the steles, porcelain products,calligraphy and paintings of the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are thewitness of the continued development of politeness in Xian after the loss ofthe prosperity of the imperial capital It is no exaggeration to say that it isno different to read a condensed general history of China to search the culturalrelics of Xian in chronological order.

Xian and its surrounding areas are rich in cultural heritage materials andcomplete categories, which is another major advantage. Not to mention thelarge-scale sites such as FengHao of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xianyang palaceof the Qin Dynasty, Changan city of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the ancientbuildings, temples, and grottoes of Meilun and meimian, the number of movablecultural relics alone has reached more than 600000 pieces (groups) according topreliminary statistics. Including ceramics, bronzes, jade, gold and silver,murals, stone and brick carvings, inscribed steles, seals and other categories.In this sense, the ancient city of Xian itself is a natural history museum, apalace of cultural art.

The natural landscape of Xian is also unique. In and around Xian, thereare Xiyue Huashan, which is known as "the most dangerous place in the world",Zhongnan mountain, which is cultivated by Wang Chongyang, the founder ofQuanzhen school, Taibai Mountain, which is known as "natural geological museum",Lishan Mountain, which is known as "Nuwa Butian", Louguantai, which is the mostblessed place in Dongtian, and Wangchuan, the hometown of Chinese landscape "Thehometown of ape man" -- Lantian cave and other scenic spots. The gardens inXian are full of royal style. Huaqing Palace tells the story of "song ofeverlasting regret" with its first hot spring in the world, warm and romanticlove story; Xingqing palace describes the eternal story of "Li Bai drunk"; asong "the sunset is infinite, just near dusk" makes leyouyuans dusk a charminglandscape. "Last year and today in this gate, peoples faces and peach blossomswere red. People do not know where to go, peach blossom still smile springbreeze If you have a chance to go to Weiqu, you must be able to feel true loveunder the peach tree with the dream of "human face peach blossom". There are 11forest parks in Xian, which constitute the natural oxygen bar of the ancientcity.

The combination of humanity and landscape constitutes the unique charm ofancient Xian.

As the first ancient capital of China, Xian, after more than 3000 years ofdevelopment, shoulders numerous glorious and glorious dreams of the Chinesenation, and is firmly marching towards the future.

In 1949, after the founding of the peoples Republic of China, the ancientcity of Xian opened a new chapter in its own development history. Since the1980s, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, 6.18 millionpeople in Xian have seized the opportunity of the times, guided by science andtechnology, tourism, commerce and trade, and made great efforts to build Xianinto a socialist export-oriented city. A thriving and dynamic Xian city isstanding in the world. Today, Xian is an important base for scientific andtechnological research and development in contemporary China. There are morethan 3000 scientific research institutions in the city, including not only thescientific research institutions of machinery, electric power, electronics,aviation, aerospace, geology, chemical industry, textile, instruments, metersand nuclear industry, but also the only watch industry research institute inChina and the satellite measurement and control center, the central nerve ofaerospace measurement and control network.

Today, Xian is an important base of Chinas higher education. There are 42institutions of higher learning, more than 10 mobile stations for postdoctoralresearch, about 100 doctoral degree awarding points and more than 300 mastersdegree awarding points in the city. Every year, the city trains a large numberof modern talents for the country, becoming a veritable "cradle of talents".

Today, Xian is a world famous tourist hot spot city. The long and vasthistorical and cultural heritages, the beautiful and magnificent natural sceneryof Northwest China, and the various and magical traditional folk customsconstitute the unique tourism resources in Xian, attracting countless touristsfrom home and abroad to explore. With the development of tourism, tourismfacilities and municipal engineering have been further improved. With Xian asthe center, high-grade highways are interwoven in all directions. The connectionof Eurasian Continental Bridge and the completion of Xian XianyangInternational Airport make the connection between Xian and other countries morefrequent and close. A large number of star hotels and modern entertainmentfacilities and places have sprung up, which not only provides a guarantee forthe development of tourism, but also adds style and charm to the appearance ofthe ancient city.

In order to enrich the cultural and entertainment life of tourists and meetthe needs of leisure and vacation, Xian has built more than 3700 cultural andentertainment facilities in various forms, such as tangle palace, gudu GrandTheater, Tanghua song and dance theater, shange Grand Theater, Ginza nightclub,Taoyuan Lake Bowling Club, etc; It has launched such artistic programs as TangChangan music and dance, imitating Tang music and dance, soul of Qin terracottawarriors, and folk music and dance in Northern Shaanxi, which have won praisefrom tourists at home and abroad.

Xians tourism commodity production has strong local characteristics.There are abundant folk arts and crafts, such as terracotta figurines, antiquebronzes, Qin embroidery, jade, silk, craft porcelain, Huxian farmers paintings,Tang Sancai, porcelain plate paintings, landscape tables, straw paintings,Guanzhong paper-cut, etc. There are 26 designated foreign tourism shops in thecity, which can meet the different levels of shopping needs of tourists. At thesame time, the catering industry in Xian can provide tourists with uniqueShaanxi cuisine, such as imitation Tang cuisine, Dumpling Banquet, muttonsteamed bun and famous local snacks.

Today, Xian is still an open international metropolis. After summing upthe rise and fall of history and understanding the perfect future, the people ofXian have deeply realized that opening the door to the world and letting Xiango to the world is the only way for the development and prosperity of todaysancient city.

History has treated Xian well in the past, and Xian will live up tohistory!

Today, we will visit Huashan Mountain, which is known as "stone for lotusand cloud for platform". Huashan Mountain is located in Huayin City, ShaanxiProvince, 100 kilometers away from the ancient city of Xian. It is a branch ofthe eastern Qinling Mountains. It was formed as early as 700 million years ago.It was called "Xiyue" in ancient times. It is one of the five mountains inChina. In December 1992, Huishan mountain was rated as one of the top 40 scenicspots in China. It is tall and steep, magnificent. The five main peaks aretowering, just like a blooming lotus, full of vitality and brilliance. The fivemain peaks are called Dongfeng (Chaoyang peak), Xifeng (Lianhua peak), Nanfeng(Luoyan peak), Beifeng (Yuntai peak) and Zhongfeng (yunnv peak). Among them,Nanfeng is the highest with an altitude of 2160.5 meters, while Beifeng is thelowest with an altitude of 1614.7 meters. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of theNorthern Wei Dynasty, said in shuijingzhu that Huashan Mountain "looks like aflower from a distance.". In ancient Chinese, "Hua" and "Hua" are common, sothey are called Huashan. According to the research of Gu Yanwu, a scholar inQing Dynasty, our ancestor Xuanyuan yellow emperor once lived in the YellowRiver Valley of Huashan and Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province, so the Chinesepeople are called Huaxia descendants. The "Hua" of "China" is named afterHuashan, which has become the spiritual portrayal of the Chinese nation. It canbe said that the Yellow River is the mother river and Huashan is the fathermountain.

I believe that even friends who have never been to Huashan will learnsomething about Huashan from some interesting myths and anecdotes, such as "aroad to Huashan since ancient times", "fairy palm of Huayue", "aloes splittingmountain to save mother", "Huashan discussing sword", and modern wisdom tocapture Huashan. These beautiful myths and stories reflect peoples yearning andworship for Huashan since ancient times.

How did Huashan come into being? First of all, there is a legend: it issaid that when Dayu was harnessing the water, people and gods helped himeverywhere. When the water of the Yellow River led out of Longmen and came toTongguan, he was blocked by two high mountains. Dayu could not help sighing.When the giant spirit heard Dayus sigh in heaven, he immediately came to Dayuby flying clouds and fog, expressing his willingness to help him. The giantspirit seized the top of a mountain in the south. The mountain was split in twoin an instant. Then he opened the mountain in the north with his feet. TheYellow River flowed through the gap. The mountain in the south is divided intotwo parts, the high one is Huashan, and the low one is Taihua. Li Bai has a poemthat "the giant spirit roars and breaks two mountains, and the flood rushes tothe East China Sea.".

Huashan overlooks the Yellow River in the north and Qinling Mountains inthe south. It is known as "Huashan ruli". The whole mountain has simple lines,such as knife cutting and axe splitting. Its unique peaks are abrupt andmajestic. It is known as "the most dangerous mountain in the world".

Huashan is famous for its wonderful and dangerous scenery. Huashan has"five wonders", which are "strange stones", "strange trees", "strange water","strange caves" and "strange roads". Huashan Shiqi, speaking of Qi, is composedof a huge and complete granite. The ancients said, "its not strange that thereare no stones in the mountain, its not strange that there are no pure stones.""Huashan is cut into four directions, its width is ten li, its height is fivethousand Ren, one stone is also called" Daqi ". Huashan has five main peaks,among which the East, West and South peaks are the highest, and the three peaksstand in opposition, "flying out of the clouds and falling into the YellowRiver", known as "three peaks outside the sky". When it comes to danger, the"Changkong plank road" erected in the air, the "Quanzhen rock" engraved on theoverhanging rock, the "Yaozi turning over" with three sides of the air, the"Yaozi turning over" with convex top and concave bottom, and the "qianchitong","baichixia", "Laojun furrow", "chaerya" and "canglongling" dug on theoverhanging rock of the cliff are all extremely dangerous.

Huashan has not only magnificent natural landscape, but also richhistorical and cultural accumulation. It is one of the four famous mountains inChina. Taoist culture has a long history here. Human landscape is everywhere,which makes people forget to return.

Todays tour of Huashan begins with Yuquan temple, which is known as thestarting point of Huashang road since ancient times. Yuquan temple is a famousQuanzhen Taoist temple in northern China and one of the main places for ChineseTaoist activities. It was built in 1049-1051 during the reign of emperorShenzong of the Song Dynasty. It was built by Taoist Jia Desheng for master ChenTuan. It was destroyed and repaired several times before it came into existencein the Ming and Qing Dynasties Now this scale, the name of Xiyi temple, becausethe song Taizu gave Chen Tuan the name "Mr. Xiyi". Later, it was renamedyuquanyuan. The scenic spots in Yuquan courtyard include baishitai, WuyouPavilion, 72 windows, Quanzhen Qizi hall, main hall, Tongtian Pavilion, etc.

Through yuquanyuan, you will embark on the journey of Huashan Mountain fromancient times. This mountain climbing Road is 12.5km long and has 9567 steps.Along the way, you can see the charming scenery of the mountains and thetempting Shinto. There is only one road to a famous mountain since ancienttimes, which is a wonder of the world. It has its own records. The road wasbuilt in the Tang Dynasty. Climbing along this road to Huashan can not onlyexercise and surpass itself, but also cherish the memory of the sages andexpress the feelings of the ancient. At the same time, this road is also themost beautiful scenery of Huashan. Only by climbing it can we really appreciateand understand Huashan.

Along the way, through wuliguan, shaluoping, maonvdong and qingkeping, wearrive at the throat of Huashan Mountain. Here is the dangerous road called"Taihua throat" named "qianchizhuang". It has 370 steps with a slope of 70degrees. Local people have a saying about this dangerous road, which is called"qianchichuang, baichixia, Laojun plough up". After a thousand feet building,the dangerous road with 46 meters high and 91 stone steps is baichi gorge.

After crossing qianchichuang and baichixia, we come to the final difficultyof climbing the north peak. It is said that there was no road here. It wasopened by taishanglaojun driving a green ox with an iron plow. Because the shapeis like a furrow left by plowing, it is called Laojun furrow. In Taoist terms,"Li Gou" means that tourists come here, that is to say, they come to heaven,leave the dust and reach the fairyland.

After Laojuns furrow, he came to the north peak of Huashan Mountain, whichwas named because it was in the north of the main peak of Huayue mountain. It isalso called "Yuntai peak" because the three peaks of Huayue look like flowers inthe distance, and the top of the north peak is surrounded by white clouds, whichis like a platform of white clouds supporting lotus. It is the lowest of thefive peaks of Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 1614 meters. Shangtong hasfour peaks: Central, South, East and West. It is not only an ideal resting placefor tourists after adventure, but also the best place to enjoy the top of themountain. On October 8, 20__, Mr. Jin Yong ascended Huashan Mountain and talkedabout swordsmen and swordsmen at the top of the mountain, presenting a moderncultural version of "Huashan swordsman".

Standing on the top of the north peak, we can see the main peak shape ofHuashan and other surrounding scenic spots. Its rocks are mainly granite, mostlywhite. Why are all the rocks in Huashan white? Geologists have found that therocks in Huashan have high content of silicon dioxide, so the color is white.Huashan, which is made of white granite, coincides with the main white in thewestern world controlled by the God of Huashan in Xiyue. This is acoincidence.

After touring Beifeng, crossing chaeryan and climbing TIANTI, you come tocanglongling, the most famous scenic spot in Huashan Mountain. Canglongling isnamed for its green and black ridge, winding like a Canglong in the air.

"After the golden gate, its another heavy day." now we are at the famousGolden Gate of Huashan. Jinsuoguan, also known as tongtianmen, is the throatleading to Huashans "tianwaisanfeng". After Tongtian gate, there is Zhongfeng,also known as yunnv peak. It is said that this was once the place where the jadegirl lived in seclusion, so it is also known as "jade girl peak". The jade girlis the daughter of Qin Mugong, one of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumnperiod and the Warring States period. She has a peerless appearance and is goodat playing flute. Now there is another cave in the West peak of HuashanMountain, which is called "the first cave in the world". It is the place wherePrincess Nongyu married Xiao Shixi, a hermit of Huashan Mountain.

After visiting Zhongfeng, you can climb the ladder to Dongfeng. Dongfeng,also known as Chaoyang peak, is 2090 meters above sea level. It is the bestplace for mountaineers to enjoy the sunrise of Huashan Mountain. The main scenicspots of Dongfeng include Botai, Yaozi turning over, chess Pavilion and so on.The kite turning over is known as the second danger of Huashan Mountain. Thecliff is more than ten feet high. When tourists arrive here, they need to climbthe iron rope by hand, step on the stone nest by foot, attach to the wall, andwhen they get near, they have to turn around on their side feet, so it is calledkite turning over.

Now we come to Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is said that geese returning to the north have torest here when they fly over Huashan Mountain, so it is also called Luoyan peak.There is water at the top of the peak. Its called yangtianchi. The water in thepond is not dry for a long time, and the water is not overflowing for a longtime, forming a spectacle. This is also the most concentrated place ofcalligraphy and stone carvings, such as "standing up to heaven", "bathing in thesun and the moon" and "towering in the sky", all of which highlight the heightof Nanfeng from different angles.

After visiting the south peak and passing through the alchemy furnace, youcome to the West peak of Huashan Mountain. Because there is a natural stone leafon the top of the peak, such as lotus petals, it is also called lotus peak, withan altitude of 2082 meters. Cuiyun palace is the best preserved Taoist temple onXifeng mountain. Its dedicated to doulao, the mother of the stars. This is alsothe place where we are all familiar with the story of Chenxiang splitting themountain to save her mother. The extraordinary as if done by the spirits of thenorth peak, we saw the great scenery of the central peak. We saw the beautifulsunrise of the East peak, and felt the high and steep south peak. We enjoyed theessence of Xifeng and enjoyed the wonders of the whole Huashan. We had beendoing amazing work for millions of years in Huashan. It has created abreathtaking and magnificent natural landscape of Huashan, and has accumulatedrich cultural connotations through thousands of years of literary and literarychants. It can be said that Huashan is closely linked with Huaxia, which is thesymbol of the Chinese nation. From the legends and allusions about Huashan, wecan see that it is not only broad, tactful, elegant, deep and serious, but alsohumorous, witty, even romantic and gentle. Isnt this a true portrayal of ourChinese nation?