北京四合院导游词(精品20篇)

出了帽儿胡同再往北，路东是秦老胡同。秦老胡同35号，也是一座精美的宅院，曾是清内务府总管大臣索家的府邸。院落不是很大，但十分精致。他的书房前有一小花园，名绮园。园内有叠石假山、游廊池榭，还有一个船形敞轩，虽小巧却意境深邃，颇有江南园林的意境。站在大门前，仅门楼上的砖雕，已让我赞叹不已，雕工极为精美，保存又十分完好，真是不可多得的砖雕珍品。

现在大家看到得是茅盾故居。和这一地区的许多深宅大院相比，茅盾故居是太普通，是一座不大的两进四合院。进入故居后大家可以看到，院子中矗立着茅盾先生的半身塑像。周围的房间是茅盾生平展览。后院的卧室、起居室、书房等，还按照先生生前的样子布置。茅盾解放后一直住在东四头条203号文化部宿舍，与周扬、阳翰笙等为邻，1974年搬到后圆恩寺，直到病逝，在这个小院中度过了他最后7年的岁月。

出了茅盾故居再往东走，隔不多几个门，看到一个很大的院落，是圆恩寺胡同7号。这里原是清代庆亲王次子的府邸，建筑为中西合璧式，既有四合院，又有西洋楼房，还有很大的花园。园中有西式拱形圆亭、喷泉，又有来自圆明园的刻石，同样是中西合璧。这所宅子也是几易其主，民国时曾卖给法国人，抗战胜利后，成为__的行辕，__来北平即下榻于此。解放后，此处曾先后成为中共中央华北局办公处、南斯拉夫大使馆、中国人民对外友好协会等，现在是友好宾馆。

现在进入大家眼帘的是菊儿胡同。说他名扬中外，是因为建筑大师吴良镛主持设计的菊儿胡同危房改造工程，1992年被亚洲建筑协会授予“亚洲建筑金奖”，1993年又被授予“世界人居奖”。

在胡同中部，北边有一片2至3层的楼房，黑瓦白墙，围合成一个个小院落，既有江南民居的秀丽，又有老北京四合院的神韵，和周围的建筑风格也十分协调，这就是改造后的菊儿胡同新四合院。吴良镛教授根据“有机更新”的城市规划理论，认为旧城改造，要保留好的和有历史价值的建筑，修缮虽已破旧但尚可利用的建筑，拆除破旧危房，逐步过渡，既保留历史文脉的延续，又形成有机的整体环境。这些新四合院兼有单元式公寓楼房私密性强，和院落式住宅邻里感强的双重特点，他与旧的胡同格局有机地统一起来，保护了古都风貌，是北京旧城改造的一个成功的探索。

菊儿胡同东口，现在的3号、5号、7号和寿比胡同6号，原是清代直隶总督荣禄的宅邸是清代直隶总督、兵部尚书荣禄的宅邸。原宅很大，分为三部分，西部是西式楼房，中为花园，东部为五进的中式四合院。此宅，解放后一部分曾作为阿富汗大使馆，后又被划为几部分，改为职工宿舍，格局已被破坏，保护状况较差。

好了今天得游览就到这里了，希望大家对我得讲解满意。如果大家还有什么问题或是要求清香我提出，我会以一位合格的导游员身份为大家解决难题。

Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City,Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. Its land areaand the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the SummerPalace.

The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace,Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearlyqianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing EmperorDaoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theForbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country,was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".

Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor KangxiYin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, EmperorKangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Parkbuilding be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty,mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles,Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.

Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theRoyal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even ifthe ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to theOld Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numeroushouseholds. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of Europeanlustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.

Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. Theentire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.

Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is YaoBao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. Itspopularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous Frenchwriter Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt,Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".

Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October,by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become Chinas modernhistory of humiliation history page.

Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.

We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearlof green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.

各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代祭天建筑群——天坛。

天坛位于北京东南侧，也是我国和世界上现存规模最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。始建于明永乐四年，至明永乐十八年完工。占地面积273公顷。相当于故宫的三倍还多。是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所，每年“三孟”举行祭祝，即孟春祈谷，孟夏祈雨，孟冬祀天。初建时这里也是祭祀地神的地方，称天地坛。直到明嘉靖九年在北部另建地坛。那时天地开始分别祭祀，同时还另建两坛。才形成了现今的南天坛、北地坛、东日坛、西月坛这“京郊四坛”。

天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称。建筑布局呈“回”字形，有坛墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方，故又称天地墙。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘坛、皇穹宇、斋宫、外坛神乐署和牺牲所。除了斋宫在西部以外，其他主要三组均在一条中轴线上。在北京古代建筑中是唯一一个中轴不对称的建筑。

可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。

我们先介绍一下斋宫。斋宫位于天坛西门内，里面有著名的无梁殿。面积约4万平方米，有小紫禁城之称，是皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。皇帝在祭天前要在此斋戒三天。三天里“不吃荤、不饮酒、不娱乐、多沐浴、不理刑名、不近女色。”所谓至斋。在斋宫殿前的露台上左右还各有一个石亭。右面的为时辰亭，左面的为斋戒铜人亭。铜人高0.5米身着文官服饰，相传是唐代的魏征。手持斋戒铜牌，上刻“斋戒”二字，用来警示皇上。

下面我们来看圜丘坛。圜丘坛通高5.7米，分三层。每层的四个方向各有九级艾叶青石铺就的台阶。四面围有汉白玉护栏。坛外面有两道围墙，围墙从东向面依次有泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞四座棂星门。现在我们开始登坛，请大家注意一下坛面。坛面上所用的石料的数字都与九相关，上层直径9丈，中层直径15丈，下层直径21丈。三层共45丈，既是9 的倍数又含有“__之尊”的意思。最上一层坛面中间的那块圆形的大理石叫做天心石。又叫“亿兆影从石”。人站在上面说话会感到强烈的共鸣。围绕天心石这一层共砌着9圈巨大的扇形石，第一圈9块，第二圈18块。以此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;第二层，第层也一样。直至最外第27圈。同样大家抬头就可以看到的护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，中层的护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些都是根据阴阳五行来做的。9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来强调天的崇高，神圣。祭天时的步骤可分为：燔柴迎帝神、苍壁礼天、进俎、初献礼、亚献礼、终献礼、撤馔、送帝神、望燎。

大家再看圜丘坛的西南方。有三座高大的石台，叫做望灯台。台上的长杆是望灯杆。杆高九丈,通体红色。祭天时，望灯杆上各悬挂一只直径六尺高八尺的灯笼。灯笼内点蟠龙通宵宝蜡，可持续燃烧六个时辰。不灭、不流油、不用剪蜡花。

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，前面的建筑就是天库——皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，嘉靖十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，这里是专门存放神牌的地方。既有皇天上帝的神牌，也有风雷雨电的神牌。这组建筑不仅造型精美，而且还有和天心石合称天坛三大声学现象的回音壁、三音石。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，是很好的传声体，只要正确的对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以叫三音石。后来取天地人三才之意又叫“三才石”。

大家应该早就注意到了吧!天坛有非常多的柏树。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的那棵九龙柏。因为它的树干表面布满了旋转扭曲的沟纹，犹如九龙飞腾，所以叫它九龙柏。

回音壁北侧，有一条宽广的大道，也就是叫做海墁大道的丹陛桥。因路面下边建有涵洞成立体交叉，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。穿过丹陛桥后，我们看到的就是祈谷坛建筑群了。祈谷坛是三层汉白玉圆坛，占地面积近六千平方米。祈年殿就建上面。

祈年殿是天坛的象征。也曾经是中国的象征性建筑物，原名大祀殿。有祈祷丰收之年的意思。在建筑上，它是圆形重檐攒尖顶，顶部覆盖蓝色竹节瓦。逐层收缩，高达九丈，由28根红柱子支撑。是我国唯一留下来的仿明堂式建筑。过去，琉璃瓦分三种颜色，也三种不同的意思。即：上青，代表上天、中黄，代表皇帝、下绿，代表黎民百姓。后为了表示对上天的尊敬，全部改换成蓝色琉璃瓦。

而殿顶和支撑殿顶的28根柱子，也有不同的代表意义。殿顶周长30丈，代表一月30天。四根龙井柱，象征一年有四个季节。中层12根象征一年有12个月。外层12根象征一日有12时辰。中层与外层24根象征24节气。三层共28根象征天上的28星宿。如果再加上殿顶顶部的8根童柱共计36根。则象征天上的36天罡。在宝顶上还有一根叫雷公柱的镏金短铜柱，象征皇帝一统天下。 除此之外，殿顶内部还有一“龙凤藻井”，地面有一块“龙凤呈祥石”。二者相映成趣。

和祭天一样，每年这里都要举行用来祈谷的礼仪。每次祭祀前都要将大殿修饰一新。

现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，共七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它连接神厨神库，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石。这是风水镇石。关于七星石的说法有二。一说明代有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的东南方空旷，于国家不利。所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。二说，七星石代表东岳七峰。至于东北的小青石，是因为康熙皇帝为了给满族入主中原寻找理论依据，而派人考察泰山的发脉地络，认定泰山发脉于东北的长白山后增加的。

今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。

今天，我和妈妈来到什刹海游玩。到了那里，我才知道什刹海是一个现代与古老融为一体的美丽地方。站在银锭桥上，映入我眼帘的是一幅江南水乡的美景：一缕缕轻风把碧绿的湖面吹得微波荡漾，湖两岸绿茵茵的垂柳随风摇曳，水面上一只只搭篷的橹船悠悠穿行。

“这么迷人的地方为什么叫什刹海呢?”我百思不解地问妈妈。妈妈笑了笑说：“孩子，咱们先说这个‘海’字。最早这里只是一个不大的积水潭，元朝建都引水进京，这里水量大增，成为大运河北端的起点。当时的人们将较大的水面称为海，所以就有了什刹海的名称，一直到今天都这样叫。”

“原来是这样，什刹海真是历史悠久。那什刹又是怎么来的呢?”我摸着脑袋好奇地问。

“什刹海一带风光秀美，很多文人墨客题诗赋词，王公大臣筑府造园，名人们纷纷迁居到此，许多高僧也在这里修寺建庙。这什刹海附近就有十余座庙宇，有观音庵、广化寺、汇通祠和药王庙等等，民间有这样说法：什刹九庵一座庙。”妈妈说。

“那到底有没有确切的记载呢?”我走下银锭桥，边走边问妈妈。

妈妈跟着我走了几步，说：“我记得广化寺内有一个碑，这个碑是清朝咸丰二年立的，上面好像写着：都城西北隅有巨浸曰什刹海，以环海有丛林十故名，广化寺者什刹之一。”我们沿着湖边向前走去。沿岸林立着各式各样的店铺，有卖古玩的，有卖西餐的，还有酒吧。往来的人有中国人，也有不少外国人。人人脸上都那么悠闲。“这儿的人还挺多的。”我好奇地说。

“是啊，这里跟北海、颐和园不一样，那儿是皇家园林，平民百姓去不得。而这里景色怡人，是老百姓纳凉休闲的好去处。”妈妈指着前边说，“现在更成了人们，特别是外国人品味中国文化的旅游胜地。所以你看这里既有中国传统的食楼，又有时尚现代的酒吧。”太阳渐渐地落下山，夕阳映照在什刹海上，波光粼粼。往这边看，阳光照在四合院的瓦片上，古色古香，再往那边看，阳光照在现代餐馆的大玻璃上，又散发出时尚的色彩。古老与现代在这里相映成辉。

什刹海，真是个好地方!怎能让我不喜欢呢?

北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

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Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是?万岁?，我是?万福?!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

各位游客，你们好，欢迎你们来到故宫。今天由我为大家做导游，希望大家玩的开心。

首先，故宫旧称紫禁城。是明清两代皇宫，是中国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。1988年被联合国科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。

说到这里有人可能就会问了，故宫占地面积是多少?故宫占地七十二万平方米，屋宁九千九百九十九间半，建筑面积15.5万平方米。而且墙外有宽二十五米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严的壁垒的城堡。建筑气势雄伟、豪华、壮丽，是中国古代建筑的精华。

故宫殿的建筑布局有外朝内廷之分。内廷与外朝的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和、中和、保和，三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力，举行盛典的地方，坤清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。此外还有文华殿、武英殿、御花园等。

最后还要提醒大家故宫已经有很长时间的历史，请大家给予保护不要随意破坏。

(在荒岛)我们现在所在的地方叫做近春园遗址公园，“近”是远近的近，“春”是春天的春。公元1860年，英法联军侵入北京，火烧圆明园，近春园也遭到严重破坏。到同治年间，同治皇帝想重修圆明园，因此拆除了近春园的所有残存建筑

最后因为种.种原因圆明园没有修成，而近春园的所有建筑材料也不知去向，从此沦为“荒岛”达100余年。现在一提到荒岛，清华人都知道是这个地方。直到1979年，学校才决定彻底改造荒岛，在岛上种植草坪，修建假山、亭子。经过几年的改造，荒岛终于成了现在这处具有历史和文化气息的胜迹。

现在树立在我们面前的是我国儒家学派创始人——孔子的雕像。孔子是春秋末期的思想家、政治家和教育家，他提出了很多著名的治学思想，如我们所熟悉的有“学而不思则罔、思而不学则怠，”“温故而知新”等。

这尊孔子塑像是清华的一位毕业生专门从孔子的故乡山东曲府运过来的，它的寓意就是希望清华的学生们不要忘记传统的儒家思想，希望理工科的学生能多关注人文科学。此外大家身后的这块纪念碑和对面山坡上的零零阁也都是清华的毕业生赠送给母校的礼物，在清华大学像这样的小纪念物可以说是数不胜数。

在这里我要简单给大家介绍两个清华大学的著名人物，第一个是吴晗先生。吴晗是清华大学1934届毕业生，在校时因为学习非常刻苦，在学术上很有成就，所以被同学戏称为“太史公”.他从清华毕业后，就一直留校担任助教、教员、教授等职，1949年北平解放后，曾调任北京市副市长。革命期间，吴晗因著有新编历史剧《海瑞罢官》而受到严酷迫害，1969年10月11日惨死于狱中。后来，清华的师生为了永远纪念这位杰出的校友、学者，在荒岛上立了一尊吴晗的塑像。

与晗亭相连的是“临漪榭”,“临”是面临的“临”,“漪”是涟漪的“漪”,“榭”则是指水边的亭子的意思，临漪榭是遗址内唯一象征性的旧物恢复。

在我们正前方的这座亭子，叫做“荷塘月色亭”,关于这个亭子，还必须提到一个人，它就是我国近代杰出的教育家、诗人和散文作家朱自清。朱自清毕业于北大哲学系，于1925年应聘来清华执教，前后担任过国文系教授、系主任、图书馆长等职。

我想在座的各位同学肯定都读过朱自清写的散文，像《背影》、《春》，《荷塘月色》等，其中《荷塘月色》就是描写近春园的景观。1927年7月由于蒋__叛变革命，中国处于一片黑暗之中，朱自清心里非常不平静，当时他就写了《荷塘月色》这篇文章

并且在文章里描述了一幅清幽美妙的图画：曲曲折折的荷塘，密密田田的叶子，星星点点的荷花，淡淡的月光，默默的荷香…实际上，这一切都折射出了当时他苦闷和孤独的心情。

潭柘寺寺院坐北朝南，主要建筑可分为中、东、西三路，中路主体建筑有山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿、斋堂和毗卢阁。东路有方丈院、延清阁、行宫院、万寿宫和太后宫等。西路有愣严坛(已不存)、戒台和观音殿等，庄严肃穆。此外，还有位于山门外山坡上的安乐堂和上、下塔院以及建于后山的少师静室、歇心亭、龙潭、御碑等。塔院中共有71座埋葬和尚的砖塔或石塔。

山门外是一座3楼4柱的木牌坊，牌楼前有古松二株，枝叶相互搭拢，犹如绿色天棚，牌楼前有一对石狮，雄壮威武。过牌坊是单孔石拱桥，名“怀远桥”，过桥就是山门。

天王殿殿中供弥勒像，背面供韦驮像，两侧塑高约3米的四大天王神像。天王殿两旁为钟鼓楼，后面是大雄宝殿。宝殿面阔五间，重檐庑殿顶，黄琉璃瓦绿剪边，上檐额题“清静庄严”，下檐额题“福海珠轮”。

正脊两端各有一巨型碧绿的琉璃鸱吻，是元代遗物，上系以金光闪闪的鎏金长链。殿内正中供奉硕大的佛祖塑像，神态庄严，后有背光，背光上雕饰有大鹏金翅鸟、龙女、狮、象、羊、火焰纹等。佛像左右分立“阿难”、“伽叶”像，均为清代遗物。大雄宝殿后为斋堂院，是和尚们吃饭的地方，堂后有三圣殿，但此二殿均已拆除。只剩两株娑罗树和两株银杏树，树体高大。中轴线终点是一座楼阁式的建筑，名毗卢阁，高二层，木结 构。站在毗卢阁上纵目远眺，寺庙及远山尽收眼底。

寺院东路由庭院式建筑组成，有方丈院、延清阁和清代皇帝的行宫院，主要建筑有万寿宫、太后宫等。院中幽静雅致、碧瓦朱栏、流泉淙淙、修竹丛生，颇有些江南园林的意境。院内有流杯亭一座，名猗轩亭。

寺院西路大多是寺院式的殿堂，主要建筑有戒坛、观音殿和龙王殿等等，一层层排列，瑰丽堂皇。戒坛是和尚们受戒之处，台上有释迦牟尼像，像前有三把椅子，两侧各有一长凳，是三师七证的坐处;观音殿是全寺最高处，上有乾隆手书莲界慈航，内供观世音菩萨，敛目合什，隽秀端庄。

北京安定门内有条国子监街，又名成贤街。这条街共有4座原汁原味的清代一间式彩绘木牌楼，是北京保留牌楼最多最完整的一条街。街道两旁槐树成行，浓荫蔽日，槐花飘香。北京孔庙就坐落在这条街的东端。

孔庙是祭祀著名的思想家、教育家，世界文化名人孔子的庙宇，源远流长。

北京孔庙始建于元大德六年(公元1320xx年)，元大德十年(公元1320xx年)建成，初具规模。明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)建崇圣祠，用于供奉孔子五代先人。清光绪三十二年(公元1920xx年)扩建大成殿，孔庙始成今日的规模。整座孔庙分三进院落，占地约220xx平方米，采用了主体建筑沿中轴线分布，左右对称的中国传统建筑布局。在700多年的漫长历史中，这里成为元、明、清三代统治者尊孔崇儒，宣扬教化，主兴文脉的圣地，也成为众多志在功名的读书人顶礼膜拜的殿堂。这组比故宫还年代久远的皇家古建筑浓缩了千年儒家文化精髓，凝固了一段数百年的漫漫科举之路。徜徉在古柏参天、石碑林立、崇基高堂的孔庙里，远离都市的喧闹，触摸历史、文化的脉搏，以宁静淡泊的心去感受中华传统文化的博大精深，实在是件雅事。

北京孔庙主体建筑都覆以黄色琉璃瓦，是封建社会的最高建筑规制。整座孔庙建筑布局科学，规模宏大，凸显皇家气派。

先师门(又称棂星门)是孔庙的大门，面阔三间，进深七檩，单檐歇山顶，基本上保留了元代的建筑风格，先师门两侧连接庙宇的外围墙，犹如一座城门。进入先师门，迎面看到的便是大成门。

大成门创建于元代，清代重修，面阔五间，进深九檩，单檐歇山顶。整座建筑坐落在高大的砖石台基上，中间的御路石上高浮雕海水龙纹图样，五龙戏珠，栩栩如生。大成门前廊两侧摆放着10枚石鼓，每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游猎诗。这是清乾隆时仿公元前8世纪周宣王时代的石鼓遗物刻制的，那难辨的文字和深邃的诗意恐怕只有学识渊博的孔老夫子才能完全理解吧。第一进院落是皇帝祭孔前筹备各项事宜的场所，其东侧设有宰牲亭、井亭、神厨，用于祭孔三牲的宰杀、清洗和烹制。两侧有神库、致斋所用于祭孔礼器的存放和供品的备制。

第二进院落是孔庙的中心院落，每逢祭孔大典，这里便钟鼓齐鸣，乐舞升平，仪仗威严。大成殿是第二进院落的主体建筑，也是整座孔庙的中心建筑，是孔庙内最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年(公元1320xx年)，后毁于战火，明永乐九年(公元1420xx年)重建，清光绪三十二年(公元1920xx年)将殿由7间扩建为9间。殿内金砖铺地，内顶施团龙井口天花，其规制是我国封建社会的最高建筑等级，堪与故宫太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位，神位两边设有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案，上设尊、爵、卣、笾、豆等祭器均为清乾隆时的御制真品。大殿内外高悬清康熙至宣统9位皇帝的御匾，均是皇帝亲书的对孔子的四字赞语，是珍贵的文物。

孔庙的第三进院落最具特色，由崇圣门、崇圣殿和东西配殿组成独立完整的院落，与前二进院落分割明显而又过渡自然，反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙构思。这组建筑称为崇圣祠，是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家庙。建于明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)，清乾隆二年(公元1737年)重修，并将灰瓦顶改为绿琉璃瓦顶。崇圣殿又称五代祠，面阔五间，进深七檩，殿前建有宽大的月台，月台三面建有垂带踏步各十级。殿内供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的颜回、孔伋、曾参、孟轲四位先哲之父的牌位。东西配殿坐落在砖石台基上，面阔三间，进深五檩，单檐悬山顶，内奉程颐、程颢兄弟、张载、蔡沈、周敦颐、朱熹6位先儒之父。

三进院落及其建筑有明确的建筑等级差别和功能区域划分，和谐统一地组成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落，是我国古代建筑的杰出代表。

孔庙历经700多年的历史文化积淀，遗留下来弥足珍贵的文物，成为研究中国古代科举和孔子儒学的重要史料和实物。

在孔庙的第一进院落御路两侧分四部分树立着198座高大的进士题名碑，其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。这些进士题名碑上刻着元、明、清三代各科进士的姓名、籍贯、名次，共计51624人。在众多的进士当中有我们熟知的一些名人如明代重臣张居正，爱国名将于谦、袁崇焕，科学家徐光启，奸相严嵩，清代以才学出众的名臣纪昀、刘墉及近代名人刘春霖、沈钧儒等。穿梭在这片时间跨度达数百年的碑林中，轻抚旧貌斑驳的碑身，仰望碑面上已模糊的字迹，不免让人发出“江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年”的感慨。

在孔庙与国子监(古代皇家大学)之间的夹道内，有一处由189座高大石碑组成的碑林。石碑上篆刻着儒家经典：《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋穀梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《孟子》、《尔雅》。这部石经的蓝本是雍正年间的江苏金坛贡生蒋衡历时20xx年手书而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石经共计63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，内容的准确性和刻制的精美度都优于西安的“开成石经”，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。相传乾隆帝钦命和珅、王杰为总裁，彭元瑞、刘墉为副总裁来考订经稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三经核订蒋衡手书的经稿，并把俗体字均改为古体字，使经文更加完善规范，古意大增，深受乾隆帝的赞赏，被授以太子太保衔。这使和珅嫉恨非凡，权倾朝野的他命人在一夜之间挖去石碑上全部改过的古体字。直到和珅垮台后，古体字迹才得以重新修复，至今碑面上还有一块块挖补的痕迹。

中心院落御道的西侧有口古井。由青石板组成的花瓣形井台，石质井圈。由于坐落在德胜门、安定门内一带水线上，当年井水常溢到井口，水质清纯甘冽，相传进京赶考的举人们在拜谒孔子后都要饮一下井中圣水，据说饮后能文思泉涌，妙笔生花，写出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨，写出的字墨香四溢，笔劲流畅。故乾隆帝赐名“砚水湖”。虽然现在井中水位很低，也没有人饮用，但这口井雅致大气的名字及动人的传说，为孔庙增添了几分文采。

各位游客，大家好!北京的北海公园，是世界上保存最完好的古代皇家园林。它风景如画，闻名世界。它那秀丽的湖光山色，各式各样的古代建筑，令游人赞叹不已。

琼岛位于北海公园的中心，它四周是水，像大海中升起的一座高山。这里的景色十分美丽，岛上到处是苍松翠柏，绿树红花，还有高大的宫殿、庙宇，精巧的亭台、楼阁，以及长廊、短桥、奇洞、怪石，如同仙境一般。岛的四周水面开阔，湖水平静得像一面大镜子，映出了蓝天白云的倒影，也映出了琼岛那美丽的身影。

琼岛上的白塔，高大雄伟。它遍身洁白，犹如一尊精美的白玉石瓶。塔基有三层，每层都有一人多高，塔身高三十多米，最大的直径有十四米。高高的塔顶上，覆盖一顶流金宝盖，宝盖上悬挂着一只只铜铃。微风吹过，铜铃摇动，发出悦耳的声音。

湖北岸的五龙亭，造型别致，就像一条巨龙在湖边戏水。九龙壁上，九条形态各异的奔腾在云雾波涛中的蛟龙，体态矫健，栩栩如生……

北海公园的景点，数不胜数，吸引着许多中外游客。您们今天的到来，也让我们很高心，谢谢大家!

各位旅客朋友们：大家好!

俗话说“先有什刹海，后有北京城”，又被称为“后海”的北京什刹海历来是老北京人休闲娱乐的好去处。因其环境优美，且民俗风韵十足，两百余年来吸引了众多的官宦、名家甚至方外之人来此或修府第，或建庙宇，更为什刹海增添了深厚的文化底蕴。

现而今，北京的都市味越来越浓了，能看到老北京旧时民风的地方也越来越少了，可就在这什刹海，依然能够听到秋日里清脆的虫鸣，依然能能看见老北京四合院建筑群的缩影，依然能够咀嚼京味文化旅游节就要在这里开幕了。“游什刹海，看老北京”，品茗、荡舟、游王府、逛胡同，更有那纯正的京腔京韵，使什刹海大放异彩。

宋庆龄故居

醇亲王府醇亲王府位于后海北岸，府邸分为正院、住院、花园及马圈四部分。另外在府后建有醇贤亲祠堂一所，占地共约八十余亩。特别是府内的西花园有着相当悠久的历史。国家名誉主席宋庆龄先生故居就建在醇亲王府的西花园，她在这里工作、生活了20__年，给这座古色古香的园林留下了许多痕迹，增添了不少亮色。

康熙年间，明珠的府邸花园正是坐落于此。园中假山、竹林、小桥错落有致，南楼前临水有“明开夜合”树七株，其中两株二百余年前的古木，据说是明珠长子纳兰性德亲手所植。年轻的纳兰性德常常邀集北京的文人名士相聚于此吟诗填词，今日立身树下，思古之情油然而生，眼前仿佛人影依稀，耳畔边似回响着当年的唱吟之声，“阶前双叶合，枝叶敷华荣”。后来明珠获罪，这府花园又被和坤所占，嘉庆即位后，花园和附近的府邸一起被赐予成亲王，并特许成亲王引后海水入园。现在我们看到的“恩波亭”就是成亲王时修建的，平安石上“岁岁平安”四字便出自成亲王之手。光绪年间，这座府邸又赐给了“光绪”的生父醇亲王，其在成亲王府的基础上添改修缮，建成醇亲王府。

今天，醇亲王府已经成为什刹海边的一道风景线，众多的游人慕名前来，只为心中那一份对历史的眷恋和对古迹的景仰。

梅兰芳故居

梅兰芳先生一生中的最后20__年是在什刹海西北隅护国寺街9号度过的，这是一座典型的北京四合院，占地716平方米。如今已成为人们缅怀大师的观光景地。

这是一座两进的北京小四合院。共有房屋37间。现有馆藏文件3万余件。正院保存故居原貌，会客厅、书房、卧室和起居室内的各项陈设均按梅兰芳生前生活原状陈列。

郭沫若纪念馆

千竿胡同往北大约30来米，前海西街18号，这里便是一代文化名人郭沫若晚年居住过的地方。1963年秋天，郭沫若迁居此处，在什刹海西畔这座古朴的北京四合院里走完了人生最后14个年头。

走进纪念馆，草地上，郭沫若的铜像安坐在藤萝架前，双手轻轻放在膝头、目光平静而坦然。驻足绿荫下，闹市里久违的鸟鸣声，不绝于耳。

院内最为显眼的当数郭沫若夫妇亲手种植的银杏和牡丹，那些曾经与主人朝夕相处的一草一木，浸润在主人真诚与博大的情感世界中。人垂花门进四合院，东西两厢已辟为陈列室，以图片和实物展示着诗人、学者兼战士不平凡的一生。正房的客厅、办公室、卧室依旧是主人在世时的陈列。暖郎环绕小小的月季园，通向最北面的房间，正中的一间是郭沫若夫妇研磨书法的地方。伟人已去，故园依旧。一卷卷书稿，一幅幅书法佳作，保留着他的神韵。

广化寺

衣冠杂沓，车马骈阗的什刹海，历来是扎根皇城的佛教僧侣弘法结缘的首选之地。皆因梵刹林立，故名什刹海。什刹之一，饱经720__年沧桑的佛门古刹广化寺，坐落在鼓楼后西侧后海北岸的鸦儿胡同31号。广化寺坐北朝南，东临银锭桥，西傍宋庆龄故居，占地1.38万平方米，拥有殿宇329间，分中、东、西三大院落。整座寺院建筑严谨，僧房毗连，形成院中有院的建筑特色。寺内古柏苍翠，花草溢香，曲径通幽。

广化寺始建于元代，后经明清三次修建，清宣统元年(1909)曾在此筹建京师图书馆，鲁迅先生曾在此任职。1920__年8月对外开放。1982年北京佛教协会成立并将会址设在此寺。1986年，北京佛教协会在广化寺西路祖堂内肇建了北京佛教音乐团，弘扬中国传统音乐文化，演奏“京音乐”即佛教音乐，并培养后继者。如今，广化寺不仅是信徒们礼佛的地方，佛教音乐、礼佛仪式等也已作为一种文化，成为什刹海民俗文化景区的重要组成部分。

古刹品禅宗敬祠忆先贤

汇通祠

汇通祠也就是现在的郭守敬纪念馆，位于北京市西城区什刹海西海(积水谭)北沿的汇通河畔。元朝时期，这里水面辽阔，风景秀丽，独特的地理位置使它成为元大都城内、京杭大运河最北码头，漕运船只可直达这里。汇通祠坐朝南，有山门一间，歇山调脊灰筒瓦顶，石券门，棋盘木门两扇，前殿及东西配殿各三间，均为硬山调大脊灰筒瓦顶。后院有二层后罩楼，祠后原有一暗红色的巨石一块，通体花纹如云，叩之如铜。巨石纹路中隐约似有一鸡一狮，人们俗称：“鸡狮石”。

1988年9月27日汇通祠竣工。占地1100平方米的汇通祠按原建筑形式恢复修建。内有石狮、石亭、剑碑，假山叠石，错落有致，曲径路道，别具匠心，石壁洞岫，宛自天开。一座小岛重现人间，清水绕岛而过，随着湖水的流逝，仿佛又回到了久远而灿烂辉煌的历史。

什刹海景点分布

恭王府

恭王府位于什刹海西北角，是一处典型的王府花园，既有中轴线，也有对称手法。始建于十八世纪末，是北京保存最完整的清代王府，堪称“什刹海的明珠”。曾属乾隆后期大学士和珅的宅邸，后改赐为恭亲王奕忻的王府。府后有一独具特色的花园，名萃锦园，占地约三万平方米。花园东、南、西三面被马蹄形的土山环抱，园中景物别致精巧，是国家级重点文物保护单位。前部的府宅原为中国艺术研究院红楼梦研究所的工作场所，单位迁出后经重修现已对游客开放;恭王府的一部分现作为郭沫若故居也对游人开放。

庆王府

庆王府是北京现存王府中的一座。第一代庆王永璘为清乾隆皇帝第十七子，嘉庆皇帝的同母胞弟。老庆王府在前海西街路北，即和珅府的一部分。道光三十年庆王永璘的后人奕劻袭辅国将军。咸丰元年皇帝命奕劻由老王府迁至定阜大街原大学士琦善的宅第，按王府规制进行了大规模的改建，始称王府。这时的奕劻又在府内大兴土木，修建了万字楼和戏楼等处，府内建筑宏伟，面积广阔，分为五个大院，大小楼房近千间，朱红大门，高大的宫殿，只是屋顶为泥瓦而不是琉璃瓦，成为当时京城最华丽的王府之一。民国后为部队机关所征用。

钟鼓楼

钟鼓楼每到定更的时候是“先击鼓，后敲钟”;二更到五更的时候则“只撞钟不击鼓”;到了亮更时是“先击鼓后敲钟”。击鼓的方法是先快击18响，再慢击18响，共击6次，共108响。撞钟也是一样。

关岳庙

关岳庙在西城区鼓楼西大街149号。这里原是道光帝的第七子醇贤亲王庙。醇贤亲王庙于光绪十七年修建，至光绪二十五年建成。庙坐北朝南，分三进院落，其中中院又有东西跨院。中轴线依次为琉璃照壁，中门，外为八字墙，两旁各有一座琉璃门;中院内东有焚帛炉，西有祭器亭;正殿7间，殿前有月台一座，东西配殿各5间;后寝祠5间。建筑面积约3000多平方米。民国3年北洋政府在后寝祠塑关羽、岳飞像，并祀关岳，称关岳庙。

广化寺

广化寺位于什刹海北边的鸦儿胡同31号，是一座大型佛教寺院。广化寺始建于元代，传说是一高僧托钵化缘、筹措布施所建，寺亦因此得名。

银锭桥

银锭桥位于后海与前海之间，烟袋斜街南端的南北向的单孔石拱桥，因形似银锭而得名。天气好的时候，站在银锭桥上可以观赏到西山的美景。1920__年汪精卫在此谋刺摄政王载沣。这是北京最早的桥。

汇通祠

汇通祠位于德胜门西大街甲60号。明永乐年间由姚广孝建，名法华寺，又名镇水观音庵。清乾隆二十六年(1761年)重修，赐名汇通祠。祠建在什刹海西海的一个小土山上，四面环水，北为水关。祠坐北朝南。依次有山门一间，前殿三间及东西配殿各三间，后楼三间前抱厦一间及左右耳房各三间，东西配殿各三间，匾曰“潮音普觉”和“功兼利济”。祠内有清乾隆二十六年(1761年)立石的乾隆皇帝御制诗碑。

棍贝子府

棍贝子府位于新街口东街北侧，又称诚亲王(允祉)新府。《啸亭杂录》载：“诚亲王新府在蒋家房。”诚亲王旧府位于官园，因改赐慎郡王，故于蒋家房(新街口东街)建新府。雍正十年允祉卒后，其第七子弘暻继为府主。弘暻于雍正八年被封贝子，故此府又称固山贝子弘暻府(《宸垣识略》)，清末至民国年间，此府被称棍贝子府。此府民国时期犹存。20世纪50年代改建北京积水潭医院，原有建筑绝大部分拆除，仅存三间卷棚歇山筒瓦顶的花厅，二幢硬山过垄脊的重楼，以及湖与假山。1989年8月1日，棍贝子府花园被列为西城区文物保护单位。

涛贝勒府

涛贝勒府在西城区柳荫街27号，西城区重点保护文物。这里原是康熙第十五子愉郡王王允嵎居住的愉王府，同治七年此府赐贝勒载滢，后载滢获罪，迁出此府光绪二十八年，醇贤亲王奕譞的第七子载涛过继给钟郡王奕詥为嗣，承袭贝勒爵，迁居于愉王府，作为贝勒府，称涛贝勒府。现存古建筑约1000平方米。坐北朝南，有门东向。分中路和东路及西路。中路有四进院落，东路亦有四进院，后三进院为三合院。西路只有前后3排房子，西为戏楼。南为花园，有长廊、亭、花厅、假山等。1920__年6月辅仁大学及附中设于涛贝勒府，原马圈及花园前空地建成辅仁大学主楼。涛贝勒府府邸改作原辅仁大学附中男生部校舍，1952年辅仁男中改为北京市第十三中学。

醇亲王府

醇亲王府位于后海北沿，前身是清初大学士明珠的宅第。乾隆五十四年封其十一子永理为成亲王，并将明珠府赐永理。随即按王府规制改建。此府传至毓橚时，被赐予醇亲王奕譞。奕譞的原王府在西城区太平湖东里(今中央音乐学院)。因光绪帝生于此府，成为潜邸，故光绪继位后醇王必须迁出。为区别，醇王原在太平湖的王府称南府，后海北沿的新王府称北府。北府坐北朝南。西部为王府花园，1949年后，进行了整治，是宋庆龄在京的住所(见宋庆龄故居)。东部是王府本身，分为东、中、西三路。中路是其主体建筑，自南而北，街门5间。1920__年汪精卫等在此附近策划炸摄政王，一时轰动全国。醇王府的一部分现为宋庆龄故居。

烟袋斜街

烟袋斜街在地安门以北，鼓楼前脸儿，有一条北京城最老的斜街，名叫烟袋斜街。这条街东北西南走向，大概有三百米长。当年，住在北城一带的旗人大都有抽旱烟或水烟的嗜好，于是城里的烟叶行业就发展起来了。

梅兰芳故居

梅兰芳故居位于西城区护国寺街9号的梅兰芳故居，原为庆亲王府的一部分。

郭沫若故居

郭沫若故居位于什刹海西岸前海西街18号，原是恭王府的马号，郭沫若于1963年至1978年逝世前在这里居住了20__年。这里是一处环境非常好的四合院，在名人故居中除了宋庆龄故居外，是比较好的一处四合院。[15]

宋庆龄故居

宋庆龄故居原是清醇亲王载沣的府邸花园，位于北京西城区后海北沿46号。这是一处典型的中国式庭院，幽静的园内假山叠翠，花木成荫，清澈的湖水，曲折环绕。新中国成立后，党和政府原计划为宋庆龄在北京专门修建一座住宅，但她却以国事百废待兴，一再逊谢。最后在周总理的亲自过问下，才借此王府花园，葺旧更新。宋庆龄于1963年迁居于此，在这里工作、学习和生活了近20__年直至1981年7月29日逝世。

各位游客大家好，我是您们的导游员小宋，今天我们要去的景点是故宫，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，而且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚当天皇后要从这里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

亲爱的游客们，大家好!我叫王 ，大家可以叫我王导。我是你们的导游，请大家跟好我的脚步，我们今天的景点是北京举世闻名的天坛。

下面我们来到了天坛的祈年殿。祈年殿是天坛最早的建筑物，殿有33米高大约11层楼房那么高。1887年八月二十四日，雷雨交加，祈年殿不幸被击中，烧毁。因柱为檀香木，香飘数里。

下面我们已经到达“天库”了，“天库里有三音石，”它就在黄穹宇里，只要在第一个三音石上拍一下，就回声一下，在第二个三音石上拍一下，就回声两下，在第三个三音石上拍一下，就回声三下，所以，它们才称为“三音石”。

黄穹宇里还有回音壁，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，另一端的人只要耳朵贴着墙面就能听的异常清晰，还有立体效果哦!大家可以试试。这证明520xx年前的中国人已经能够运用声学了。是不是很有智慧呢?

现在我们来到了圆丘坛，它有两个防护墙，一些阶梯和古人的雕像。

游客们，现在你们可自由观赏，但请注意，不要乱涂乱画，带小孩的游客请管好你的小孩，两个小时后在天坛门口见。

各位来自世界各地的游客们，大家好!欢迎来到北京故宫，我是小导游，很高兴能为大家服务，请朋友们跟随我游赏吧!

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫荆城。宫殿位于北京城中心。始建于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在的1406年至1420年。后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变得非常富丽堂皇，但仍然保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代大构架宫殿建筑群。

这是故宫的历史，接下来我向大家介绍它的外观和排列顺序。

整座城设了四个门：南门正中面是午门，北边是神武门，东面是东华门，西面为西华门。四个门都建有重檐宫殿顶门楼。宫殿的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有宽52米的护城河，够宽吧!整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

下面我们一起去看看皇帝的住所，那里可是井井有条。

文华殿，、武英殿是面阔九间的，但檐歇山顶建筑。文华殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫、乾坤宫和坤宁宫直通御花园。乾坤宫和坤宁宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所。平均面积宽九间。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积达8.5万平方米。1961年被定为第一批中国重点文物保护单位，现已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

今天的故宫观光游览就要结束了，在故宫的这段时光，希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆!

各位游客，大家好，我叫李子涵，大家可以叫我李导，很荣幸当你们的导游。

今天，我带大家去观赏我国鼎鼎有名的长城。这长城在世界可是独一无二的，你们期待吗?我们游玩时请保护这里面的城墙，不要用笔在上面写“某某人到此一游”，也不要乱丢垃圾，乱吐痰呦。 长城，是我国古代一项极为雄伟的防御建筑工程。它东、西、南、北纵横交错，连绵起伏，建于我国辽阔的土地上。其中横贯我国北方的长城规模更为宏大，东西相距长达一万余里。因此，我们要保护这里的各种东西，不要损坏他。

现在我们的车子已经停在了八达岭上了，游客们，请看正前方有一块碑，上面刻有“八达岭”几个红字。大家可以把它拍下来，做为一个到达八达岭的留念。长城按地理位置分有八达岭长城、司马台长城、金山岭长城等等。八达岭长城是长城中保留最完整的一段长城。 游客们，你们知道吗?关于长城还有一段传说呢!相传孟姜女和丈夫成亲的当晚，朝廷把她丈夫抓去修长城，孟姜女在家苦苦地等着他回来，始终没有等到自己的丈夫。来到长城，她询问一位农夫，有没有看到她的丈夫，农夫说看到过，可是搬石头死了。

一听到这里，孟姜女哭了三天三夜，哭倒了长城，把她的丈夫哭了出来。这就是著名的孟姜女哭长城的故事。 游客们，现在我们已经下了长城，结束今天的长城之旅。感谢大家的支持，我们下次再见。

龙庆峡古称“古城九曲”，其水源于海坨山东麓，经玉都山汇入古城水库。该景区集南方 山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体，峡谷曲折蜿蜒，河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻，森林茂密，裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型，特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层，与漓江山石极相似，只是当您抬头观望山峰时，才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。

乘船游龙庆峡，山，群峰屏列，逶迤嵯峨，随形寓意，依貌称名，大自然的天道沧桑、鬼斧神工造化了镇山如来、钟山、凤冠岛、东大寨、月亮湾等30余处景观，附丽了人的感情，山水就有了人的性格和灵性。那水，碧波清流，九曲萦回，绿得氤氲，柔的纤缱，拓山光鸟影于怀，纳长天白云在胸。山回水转，水贯山行

龙庆峡的盛夏，气候凉爽，空气清新，气温低于北京城区6度，比承德避暑山庄还低0.8度。而隆冬，结冰期较长，异常寒冷，于是，这里就诞生了冰灯艺术的奇葩，峡谷，一个冰雕玉砌的世界，一个北国冰雪的乐园。

历史的脚印，山间古刹庙宇，又为这明丽的山水之梦，着了一笔古铜的底色，令其愈显久远幽深。神仙院耸立在群山围合，孤峰独峙之巅，1998年这里再现明代庙宇风采，在云雾缥渺，树木蓊郁当中，层层崇台，依山叠砌，殿宇楼堂，鳞次栉比，翠瓦丹墙，飞金流碧.......一览众山小的玉皇顶，主阁俨然，重檐九脊。清人来此曾记“逼面千峰起，回头万壑低”。凭栏俯临，峡谷曲流，形势险胜，投目纵览，峰涛如注，妫川生烟，大有我欲乘风归去，飘飘欲仙之感。峡谷深处的金刚寺，掩于南、北金刚山之间，森深壑幽，环境清丽，寺院飞檐凌空，雕甍碧瓦，栋宇巍峨，丹楹刻桷，深山藏古寺，空谷传钟声......

龙庆峡构建了与山水主旋律相协调的游娱设施，峡谷口，一条258米长的巨龙，头下尾上地悬挂于千仞峭壁，金鳞闪烁，须爪飞扬，这就是堪称亚州第一的龙形电梯，游人乘入其间不知不觉之中，即达船台。而凌空飞越的速滑溜索、惊险刺激的高崖蹦极，欲试心颤，欲罢不能。 乘坐缆车，我欲因之梦神仙，瞬间即到玉皇顶;穿越300米长的百花仙洞，就穿越了神州大地的南疆北国，四季风光;中国登山协会还筹建并命名龙庆峡为中国登山协会龙庆峡攀岩、攀冰训练基地，于此成功地举办了“龙庆峡杯”全国第七届攀岩锦标赛，让更多的中华健儿在此挑战生命极限;最后，乘上横跨谷口的福斯特比翼滑道，如同乘上美丽的彩虹，于风、于幻、于有惊无险之中，从龙庆峡谷的仙境回到现实。

龙庆峡有一流的服务设施，可住宿，可餐饮，可会议，可娱乐，设施完备，服务优质。

各位团友：

大家好!今天我们游览北京什刹海。

俗话说“先有什刹海，后有北京城”，又被称为“后海”的北京什刹海历来是老北京人休闲娱乐的好去处。因其环境优美，且民俗风韵十足，两百余年来吸引了众多的官宦、名家甚至方外之人来此或修府第，或建庙宇，更为什刹海增添了深厚的文化底蕴。

现而今，北京的都市味越来越浓了，能看到老北京旧时民风的地方也越来越少了，可就在这什刹海，依然能够听到秋日里清脆的虫鸣，依然能能看见老北京四合院建筑群的缩影，依然能够咀嚼京味文化旅游节就要在这里开幕了。“游什刹海，看老北京”，品茗、荡舟、游王府、逛胡同，更有那纯正的京腔京韵，使什刹海大放异彩。

北京故宫导游词

各位来宾朋友：大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游莹莹，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围!

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快!

亲爱的游客们，大家好!我是你们的导游，我姓林，叫我林导游好了。很高兴认识你们，现在我将带领你们游览北京故宫，欣赏我国文化遗产。

现在我为大家简介一下故宫:故宫是我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现在最大，最完整的古建筑群。希望大家在游览时做个文明的游客。不乱扔垃圾，不触摸物品，这样才能欣赏到有着历史气息的故宫。

现在我们进入太和殿的大门，战线在宴请的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大的活动，皇帝都在此举行。

后面这一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿，分别是中和殿，保和殿。游完了辉煌的太和殿，大家估计累了吧，我们在这休息一会，大家可以在周围走走看看。20分钟后我们在御花园门口集中。

休息时间到了，大家都人齐了。我想问问你们是否能感受到这儿的生活气息很浓呢?这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的，后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局，布局紧凑，古色古香，花草树木点缀其间。非常美丽。亭台楼阁相依相承。是个清心雅致，赏心悦目的好地方。

这次旅游到此结束，祝大家愉快!谢谢!