北京四合院导游词【汇总20篇】

北京九龙游乐园导游词

北京九龙游乐园导游词-

游客朋友：

你们好！欢迎您光临北京九龙游乐园。此时此刻，您已置身于

山环水抱的优美画卷中，我将与您一起共度一段美好时光。

为了您更好地参观游览我园，我先向您简单介绍一下游乐园的建设

初衷。北京九龙游乐园是十三陵水库综合开发公司与日本株式会社熊谷组于一九

八五年合资兴建的，是中国第一家具有迪斯尼特色的综合型游乐园。也许您会觉

得疑惑，为什么要将园址选在了十三陵水库呢？优雅的环境，得天独厚的水资源

优势，远离都市的特殊地理位置也许就是对您最好的回答。或许您还会问，为什

麽要称“九龙”呢？“九”做为中国最大的数字，代表着吉祥、如意；“龙”更

是中华民族的精神象征，九龙游乐园正是依托龙文化理念而建，那么真正体现这

一特色的游乐项目，当然要数文明遐迩的水下龙宫了，下面我们就去看一看传说

中的东海世界吧。

水下龙宫是九龙游乐园的主题游乐项目，它真正建在水库的底部，

最大水深可达20米，由此也可看出设计者的匠心独具了。水下龙宫全长600多米，

可分为碧海下潜、浅海奇观、珊瑚丛林、深海奥秘、海底历险、水幕仙境、水族

迎宾、水晶世界、龙宫宝殿和浪漫归程十大场景。碧海下潜中的旋转隧道是龙宫

景观中惊险刺激的一幕，您会感觉到天旋地转，仿佛被巨大的旋涡所包围；水晶

世界精彩迷人，既有美丽的珊瑚丛林，又有精灵剔透的小生灵；龙宫宝殿则富丽

堂皇，东海龙王会用它特有的双重面孔和朗朗的笑声欢迎您；在回程中，你可尽

情领略海底世界的神奇与美妙。不过，游客朋友们，无论您是心有恐惧还是乐而

忘返，我都要提醒您这一切都不是真实的场景。水下龙宫汇集了中、日、美三国

科技人员的智慧结晶，它借助于现代高科技的声、光、电手段，由计算机全程控

制，将先进的游览设备、高水平的机器人制作技术与古老的中国神话传说相结合

，才让您产生了如此与众不同的幻觉，我想您一定会不虚此行。为缓解一下您紧

张的情绪，下面我带您去看一看水族馆。

水族馆是九龙游乐园的主要观赏项目之一，馆内面积20xx平方米，

在展出大厅，环行围绕着巨型水族箱20个，总容水量近300立方米，有腔肠动物、

节肢动物、鱼类、爬行动物及数十种水生植物。九龙游乐园的水族馆虽然规模不

大，但展出的内容及形式独具特色，同时它也是青少年科普教育的基地，我们非

常希望在参观完水族馆后您会认识更多的水族生物，了解更多的水族知识。一进

展览馆大厅，您会一眼看到一幅世界地图模型，标有世界各种淡水、海水观赏鱼

的分布情况，让您了解馆内鱼类的生活原址。水族馆展出的生物种类丰富多彩，

有国家一级保护动物“娃娃鱼”、大型热带淡水鱼“巨骨舌鱼”、红色食人鲳鱼

、素有珍稀活化石之称的雀鳝以及软骨鱼类的鲨鱼，还有举世罕见的活珊瑚、色

彩斑斓的神仙鱼、“寄人篱下”的印鱼、呆头呆脑的海象鱼、泳姿飘逸的银龙鱼

等近千种。如果您还想深入了解有关的水族知识，我们会有专业人员为您做精彩

讲解。畅游水族世界之后，我们再去看一看五彩缤纷的蝴蝶展。

蝴蝶的出现可以追溯到2500万年以前，由低等单细胞的原生动物进

化而来。自然界中大部分蝴蝶都是益虫，在它们三个月短暂的生命历程中，它们

传播花粉、维持生态平衡，将我们的生活装点的多彩多姿。在九龙展出的1000多

种蝴蝶标本中，收集了世界各地的珍品蝴蝶，极具观赏和收藏价值。这里有世界

上最大的蝴蝶，翅展可达300mm，因此制成一只完美的标本极为不易；产于巴西的

幸运“8”字蝶，是世界上唯一有4个“8”字的数字蝶；还有带动物图形的秘鲁猫

头鹰蝶、美国猫脸蝶，色彩绚丽的巴西国蝶——天兰闪蝶、属国际濒危动物的皇

喙凤蝶、金带喙凤蝶。看过美丽异常的水族世界和举世名蝶后，让我们再去感受

一下动感电影带来的超常刺激。

特特乐科幻探险馆的全部设备由美国引进，是代表最新影视科技的

各位游客，大家好!

我是今天的导游，大家可以叫我王导。今晚，我很高兴和大家共同欣赏北京美丽的景色，共度这段美好的时光，预祝大家玩得愉快!

游客们，你们知道吗?每当夜幕降临，北京就亮起来了。整个北京城变成了灯的海洋，光的世界。

各位游客，现在我们所在的位置是长安街。长安街华灯高照，川流不息的汽车，灯光闪烁，像银河从天而降。天安门城楼金碧辉煌，光彩夺目。广场四周，彩灯勾画出一幢幢高大建筑物的雄伟轮廓。

环形路上，一座座立交桥犹如道道彩虹。街道上，照明灯、草坪灯、喷泉灯，装点着美丽的北京。

焕然一新的王府井、西单商业街上，明亮的橱窗，绚丽多彩的广告、五光十色的霓虹灯，把繁华的大街装扮成了比白天更美的“不夜城”。有兴趣的游客可以用你的相机留下这美丽的景色。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们，我们今天的游览就要结束了，非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处，请大家批评指正，谢谢!

故宫导游词2分钟

故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫，就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。

故宫导游词2分钟1

大家好!我是星星导游社的导游王景瑶，也可以叫我小王。我们今天游览地方是故宫，希望可以和大家度过美好的一天。

故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫，就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。

好了，今天我的导游就到这里结束了，下面请大家自己观赏这美丽的风景吧!但是大家一定要记住，请大家不要乱扔果皮，谢谢配合。445分钟后，请大家来这里集合，愿你们开心快乐。

故宫导游词2分钟2

各位来自世界各地的游客们，大家好!欢迎来到故宫，我是来自河南油田的王导游，下面的时间就由我带大家去细细游赏美丽的故宫。

故宫是世界上保存最完好，规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。看，这是故宫朝南的正门，叫做午门。午门的下面有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两端的小门，地方上的诸侯只能使用两端最小的小门，一般的百姓连靠近故宫都不行，但是现在谁都可以进啦!

瞧!这个建筑叫太和门。是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这儿放着一对狮子，它强悍、威武、高大，代表着皇帝的威严。

正前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物，你们觉得它高吗?是的，它现在一点也不高，因为北京发展很快，高的建筑物比比皆是。

好了，我的讲解告一段落，大家自由游览，30分钟后在这儿集合。

故宫导游词2分钟3

大家好，欢迎大家来到北京。北京有许多名胜古迹，今天我带领大家参观的是著名的故宫。我是大家的导游，我姓胡，大家可以叫我胡导，但大家请放心，我决不会给大家胡导的。这位是我们的司机师傅，也姓胡。所以，本次参观就由我们二胡组合来为大家服务。

我们现在正在去故宫的路上，借着这点时间，我先给大家介绍一下故宫。故宫是我国现存最大最完整的皇宫，在世界上堪称最为壮丽的古代建筑群，已有近620xx年的历史。故宫是我国明、清两代24个皇帝的皇宫。故宫的建筑布局分为外朝和内廷。外朝是皇帝举行大典和召见大臣的主要场所，内廷是皇帝处理日常政务和后妃及幼年皇子居住游玩的地方。故宫共有宫殿9000多间，雕梁画柱，金碧辉煌，非常华丽威严。

好，现在我们已经到达停车场，请大家跟随我进入故宫。在进门之前，我要提醒大家:面对我们祖先留下的这些珍贵文物时，要格外珍惜，不要损坏。

最后，祝大家本次参观玩的开心。

故宫导游词2分钟4

各位游客,大家好.我是东厦旅行社的导游,名字叫余旭芸,大家叫我余导游就行了.今天,我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿------北京故宫.

北京故宫始建于1420xx年,建成于1420xx年,是明清两朝的皇宫,又名紫禁城.故宫占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,屋子有9999间半.故宫四周饶10米高的城墙,外有50多米宽的护河城.现在,我们已经来到了北京故宫门前.各位游客们,你们看,这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼.现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方.它们主要有三大殿:太和殿.中和殿.保和殿.现在,我们已经来到了太和殿,它是三大殿中最为高大的,它金碧辉煌,非常好看.看,这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏,称为望柱,柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画.非常显目且好看.我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门.其中午门为正门.

好了,北京故宫我们已经游览完了,现在是自由活动时间,大家可以解散,但要注意以下几点:

1.不准破坏文物.在墙上乱图乱画.

2.不准破坏环境及随地吐痰.

3.要注意安全,迷路了要即使打电话和我们联系

下午四点要在午门集合,现在解散

故宫导游词2分钟5

大家好，欢迎大家来到故宫游玩，我是今天的导游:邵，大家以后可以叫我小邵，今天我们来游览太和殿、中和殿和御花园这三处景点。

首先我来说一下进入故宫的注意事项:

1、要注意自己的人身安全和财物安全。

2、不要乱扔垃圾，注意

环保

3、保护文物，不要乱写乱画。

下面我来介绍一下故宫，故宫位于北京市中心，南北长961米，东西宽753米，面积是15.5万平方米，是世界上现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，故宫是明、清两代皇家居住的地方，据说居住过24位皇帝。

我们先进入午门，大家面前的就是太和殿，太和殿是皇帝与朝中大臣商议朝事是的地点。

咱们继续往前走，现在在大家面前的是中和殿，中和殿是皇上赶赴太和殿时稍作休息的地方。

最后在大家眼前的就是御花园，相传当时的御花园都是有图案的鹅卵石做成的，当时的太后慈禧看着上面的图案十分有趣，便命人照着上面的火车图案做了一个，但她感觉让火车开起来太可怕了，便让人拉着火车跑，自己坐在上面。御花园到后来就变成了宫中娘娘们赏花、娱乐的地点。

我的介绍完毕了，祝大家玩得愉快，再见!

我的家乡在中国的首都—北京。北京有许多景点，比如天安门，故宫，长城等。不过我最喜欢的是美丽的后海，我经常到那里去玩。

春天，你一来到后海就会看到满眼的绿色。许多柳树已经发芽了，柳条随风舞动，好像在招手欢迎你的到来。不光是有树，还有五彩缤纷的花儿，它们都挤到你的眼前，显示自己的美丽。你还能看到湖面的冰已经融化了，几只鸭子已经在享受游泳的快乐。小鸟也在欢快地歌唱，像是在演奏春天的赞歌。

夏天，这里的大树长得很茂盛，都遮住的蓝蓝的天空。湖面上，荷花挺胸抬头，向人们展示自己的美丽。下面的荷叶一边懒洋洋的晒太阳，一边看着小鱼和蝌蚪在水里游戏。许多人们来到后海，有的坐在大树下看书，有的趴在栏杆上欣赏荷花，还有的在给花草树木照相。我最喜欢和爸爸妈妈一起划船，在宽阔的水面上荡舟，那感觉真舒服!

秋天，树叶都飘落下来了。金色的树叶包后海衬托得更加美丽。游客们在凉爽的天气里聊着天，散着步，尽情享受秋天的阳光。

冬天，雪花慢慢地飘落下来，让后海变成了白色的世界。湖面全都结了冰，许多孩子会在冰面上滑冰嬉戏。最引人注目的是一些冬泳爱好者，他们把冰凿开，在水里游泳。每次看到他们在那么冷的天游泳，我的身体都禁不住发抖，不得不佩服他们的勇气。

后海的春夏秋冬都很美，而且每个季节都给我带来许多快乐。我爱后海，更爱我的家乡!

各位游客大家好!

我是快旅游社的导游，我叫陈凯瑶，大家叫我小陈好了，当然也可以叫我陈导。

在接下来的几天中，我将陪伴大家一起游览北京的名胜风景区。

希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫有个美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。

好，我们就开始今天的游览行程。

今天我们要参观的故宫，非常雄伟。

它占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.5万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙围绕。

还有穿52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。

根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。

按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝有14位，清朝有10位，统治时间共长达五个世纪。

好了，现在大家自己慢慢游玩!注意，大家在游览时不要乱丢瓜果皮。

祝大家玩得愉快。

大家好，我姓成，你们可以叫我成导，这次由我带领大家参观颐和园!

首先，由我来为大家简单地讲述一下。颐和园，位于北京的西北郊，原是清代的皇家园林和行宫。其前身清漪园始建于1750年，1764年建成，1860年被英法联军焚毁。1866年，慈禧挪用海军经费和其他款项重建，并于1888年改名颐和园。192019年，颐和园又遭八国联军严重破坏，192019年再次修复。好了，颐和园到了，大家请随我去游览一番吧。看，我们已经来到了长廊，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。横槛上画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。走完长廊，我们再来到万寿山脚下，大家请看，那儿就是佛香阁，下面的是排云殿。

现在大家自由活动，2小时候后在这里集合!

北京是世界历史文化名城和古都之一。早在七十万年前，北京周口店地区就出现了原始人群部落“北京人”。而北京建城也已有两千多年的历史，最初见于记载的名字为“蓟”。公元前1045年北京成为蓟、燕等诸侯国的都城;公元前220xx年秦始皇统一中国以来，北京一直是中国北方重镇和地方中心;自公元938年以来，北京又先后成为辽陪都、金上都、元大都、明清国都。1949年10月1日正式定为中华人民共和国首都。

北京具有丰富的旅游资源，对外开放的旅游景点达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园，还有八达岭、慕田峪、司马台长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等各胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项，其中国家文物保护单位42个，市级文物保护单位222个。北京的市树为国槐和侧柏，市花为月季和菊花。另外，北京出产的象牙雕刻、玉器雕刻、景泰蓝、地毯等传统手工艺品驰誉世界。

各位游客，大家好!今天我要带大家去颐和园游玩，希望大家在颐和园留下一段美好的回忆。我叫吕铭恩，你们可以叫我吕导。

现在我们已经来到了长廊。你们看，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七、八百米长，分成二百三十七间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的花，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊两旁栽满了花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了。微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，你感觉到了吗?

大家看，我们现在走到了长廊的尽头。我们面前就是万寿山。大家抬头向上看，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

下面请大家随我一起去游览一下昆明湖吧!你们看，昆明湖多美呀!静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫在湖面慢慢地滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。

颐和园的景色说也说不尽。你们看，还有湖心岛和十七孔桥，请你们自己细细观赏吧!今天大家玩得开心吗?谢谢大家对我的支持!希望你们下次来，我还是你们的导游!

1、夫妻峰

这对模范夫妻领着他们的独生子站在山门前躬迎每位游客来此观光、游览、度假，同时也是东湖港的守护神，保佑各界朋友平平安安、旅途愉快、身心健康。他们是及典范的一对夫妻，和睦相处是五好家庭，每年5月18日是他们钻石婚纪念日。

2、元阳峰

大家看，这根朝天住像什么?这是大自然的精心杰作，它惟妙惟肖，展现男人阳刚之雄健，顶天立地之壮美，是生命之源。

3、寿龟戏水

乌龟是长寿吉祥物，人称“万年龟”，它正在悠然自得平心静气地戏水玩耍，它虽不是真正的动物，但它在这里有亿万年的历史了，今天它迎来了游客的光临，欣赏山中的美景，向大家祝福，祝福各位游客健康长寿，万事如意。

4、踏石泉

踏石泉是人为意识和自然的结合之作，赤足行走之上，您可享受泉石的按摩和泉水的滋润。

5.、珍珠瀑

珍珠瀑因水流较小，打落在岩壁上水流飞溅犹如一串串珍珠由此得名。

6、卧驼岭

我们都知道骆驼是沙漠中生命力最强的，因为它有一个人身之宝，那就是驼峰。驼峰是用来做什么的呢?驼峰是用来储存粮食和水的，如果有吃的他会吃的很饱，因为在沙漠中很难找到吃的东西，等饿了或渴了它会趴着悠然的享受它吃进去的东西，就是反刍和倒嚼，而我们这里的沙漠之舟历经长途跋涉太疲劳了，在这里一卧已过亿万年，你看它歪着头，正在反刍和倒嚼，一幅悠然自得的神态，让忙碌的人羡慕不已。

7、东湖巨佛

眼前这座岩体形态与乐山大佛极为相似，虽不如乐山大佛那么雄伟，但它是大自然经过亿万年鬼斧神工雕刻，是上天赐予东湖港景区的一个自然景观。

8、石刻画廊

环顾群山，群峰竞秀，姿态各异的山峰，组合成一幅石刻画廊，大自然经历亿万年的鬼斧神工雕琢而成，大家要细心品味，发挥您的高超想像力，现在咱们就试一试吧，请看这里像“松鼠观山”(这可以用我问客答的方式问)，也像是“石猴出世”，那里像是“母鸡抱窝”，那座峰是倾斜的，多像是伽利略做的自由落体试验的“比萨斜塔”啊，请看那只“单驼峰”、“大石龟”、“独立家屋”(石碉堡)都巧夺天工，惟妙惟肖。

9、嫦娥伴金蝉

几亿年前这里曾是一片汪洋大海，传颂嫦娥和金蝉的故事，金蝉是海里的一位元帅，有一天嫦娥来此海边洗浴，两人相遇，一见钟情，后来嫦娥常来这里与金蝉元帅约会，最终还是被玉皇大帝发现了，玉皇大帝为惩罚金蝉，便把金蝉点化在这里，嫦娥是一个非常痴情的女子，为了和自己心爱的人在一起，就随金蝉大元帅在此地长相守，一直相伴到永远。

10、群峰竞秀

从这里远眺，有六层次的十座山峰，相成一幅青山叠翠的画面，猿人头像、仙人指路、老翁打坐、神龟望月，特别是双龟逐熊，两神龟一前一后向山顶爬，追逐在即将登顶的巨熊后面，不甘落后，都生机盎然的体现出来。

11、古书

山路两侧的山石形成无数块天然古书，这些无字天书以经历了万年的风雨，所以古书上的字迹已完全消失但它传递着大自然的演化和各种信息。

12、翠屏山

这座山峰酷似一座翡翠屏风矗立在天地之间，这就是我们东湖港的屏风，这个屏风给你一种雄伟的感觉吧，还有一种让你望不过去的悬念吧，到底它后边有什么呢?我现在就给你解开这个迷，隐藏在背后的有：三瀑叠翠、鸳鸯潭、回音壁、海螺宫等，这此自然奇观更加神秘诱人。耳听为虚，眼见为实，亲自实践一下吧。

13、观音洞

观音洞此乃观音下凡之地。依山傍水，景色秀丽，由钟乳石自然形成莲花坐台，通天地之灵气。得阴阳之平衡。每年农历三月十九日为传统进香日，远近香客汇集于此，求神拜佛，有求必应，十分灵验。

14、海狮戏鹰

亿万年前这里曾是一片大海，海狮曾在这里生活，当时海狮与鹰搏斗形成了今天如此精美的图案展现在我们眼前，海狮正在戏水玩耍，被神鹰看到，神鹰俯冲到水面，把鹰爪伸向刚刚浮出水面的海狮，可这只神鹰抓了几次都没有抓到，神鹰至今不放弃，海狮能不能逃脱神鹰的抓捕，这已成为万年悬念。(这只是一种传说)

15、映壁镜

这是一道非常亮丽的风景线，它不是人工制就，而是我们的上苍点化大自然铸就而成，并把它牢固地悬挂在这座山峰的悬崖峭壁上，这块巨大的立体平面映壁镜的价值程度，比故宫里当年慈喜用的那块儿街镜还要昂贵数十倍，美丽千万分，它把整个风景区如诗如画的湖光山色奇观仙镜收入镜中。

16、三瀑叠翠

这是一个高近百米的三级瀑布，形成三瀑叠翠的自然景观，瀑声被回音壁放大许多倍，像是在为鸟叫虫鸣大合唱做音乐伴奏，为这座天然大舞台增添了无限的诗情画意，各位游客可在此处拍照留影，让我们的三瀑叠翠伴随各界朋友，愿大家没有坎坷，顺心如流水。

17、水帘瀑

它是三叠瀑布的第三叠，水流下时形状犹如帘布挡住山壁。

18、鸳鸯潭

鸳鸯是世间形容情侣之间感情美好的吉祥物，从前一对恩爱夫妇在此隐居，他们一生过着平淡的生活，淡薄名利，在他们感觉劳累的时候，就来此潭清洗疲劳，犹如神仙般的生活，此后这潭水变成为二人的沐浴之处，由于俩人十分恩爱，我们将此潭定名为鸳鸯潭，祝愿经过此潭的游客也拥有美满幸福的家庭。

19、回音壁大舞台

这座刀削一般的山峰，形成一座高百米的巨型回音壁，有神奇的音响效果，成为一座举世无双的天然大舞台，它的回音效果要比人工修建的天坛回音壁大许多倍，不管是什麽级别的歌唱家，凡是在这里唱歌、说话的声音比音响效果好许多，它是天然的大舞台，大家不信，可以放开嗓子一展歌喉，与帕瓦罗帝一比高低。

20、华北第一梯

云梯依山势走向悬空而建，逐级升高，直插九霄云端，是上山观景的必经之路。据史书记载：当时此处没有云梯，只有一条另人毛骨悚然异常艰险的小路，要想上山观景难于上青天，置身桥上，顿感腾龙雾，如在仙境，到此我们为云梯诗云：“谷曲深幽一线天，云梯悬挂在崖岩，奇观隐现云雾内，壮志豪情过险关。”

21、唐僧训徒

唐僧去西天取经，沿途收了三个徒弟。大徒弟悟空;二徒弟悟能;三徒弟悟净，三人一路上降妖除怪，唐僧一路训导徒弟多做善事，不要杀生，途经此地为这里美景所陶醉，留恋忘返，把自己仁慈的形象永远地留给东湖港为人所敬仰。

22、慧眼识英雄

靠山斜塔和山体之间有一个圆形空隙，就像是慈祥老人的一只慧眼，观看着每位游客的到来，登上这66米高悬空而建的云梯，才是真正的英雄。

23、女儿泉

这里是瀑布的源头，同时也是东湖港最美的景点，在这您可以品尝纯净的山泉水。

24、清凉谷

这里是瀑布的源头，黄檀丛生、碧水清天、风景秀丽、气候宜人，是夏天乘凉名副其实的天然大氧吧，其诗云：清凉谷里倍清凉，汗水疲劳一扫光;游客辛劳来小息，欣然胜过用仙汤。夏季欢迎大家来这里避署度假。

25、恐龙石

这块钟乳石和岩石形成的景观，形状好像一只恐龙挂在了石壁上。

26、海螺宫旋转梯

游客朋友们，我们现在已经来到我们东湖港巨大的天然宫殿，它虽没皇帝的宫殿那么豪华，但却具有迷人动听的感情故事，相传海螺女在这里居住过，后来由于地质变化，板块运动、地壳抬升，海水逐渐退去，但她却把自己的宫殿留在此处，开成我们今天看到的海螺宫。

27、猿人望月

猿人是人类的起源，是我们人类的祖先，从人类的起源到现在，展现了不断的历史的画卷。传说中，猿人就是生活在这片原始森林，过着大家族的生活，随时代的演变，新一代的猿人要追求新鲜的事物，而离开这片森林，到达了周口店并且被永远留在那里，而留在家里的只有一个猿人，他在望着象征团圆的名月，正在期盼何时与离家的子孙团聚。

28、雄鹰展翅

现在所展现在你眼前的是雄鹰展翅，这只巨大雄鹰正展开双翅向天空翱翔，它象征东湖港和各位事业发达，大展宏图。

29、凤凰岭

凤凰是百鸟群中最美丽的一种鸟，在东湖港的原始森林栖息着各种野鸟，而独占枝头的凤凰也落在山顶上欣赏东湖港的秀美风光，生机勃勃的凤凰用自身的美丽与尊贵衬出了东湖港在众多景区面前显得更是风景秀丽，借助凤凰从古至今被誉为美丽的名誉以祝愿东湖港的美名不断的流传下去。

30、望景亭

站在此处看四方环山犹如进入诗情画意般的境地，四方的山如同画中的让人如痴如醉。

31、拜佛顶

这里是景区顶峰站在这里远眺，整条拒马河就如一条纽带包围整个山庄，让您感受一览众山晓的感觉。

32、秀乳峰

相传很久以前以为美丽的仙女来到此处，因被此美景所吸引便仰躺在此处，久久不愿离去，你们看像不像···

33、情人谷

在这远离喧闹的深山峡谷中，充满着诗情画意，情人谷是情人之间谈情说爱、互诉衷肠、山盟海誓、约会的世外桃园，愿来此地的天下有情人终成眷属，求结良缘白头偕老。如有情侣可到情人谷一游。

潭柘寺寺院坐北朝南，主要建筑可分为中、东、西三路，中路主体建筑有山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿、斋堂和毗卢阁。东路有方丈院、延清阁、行宫院、万寿宫和太后宫等。西路有愣严坛(已不存)、戒台和观音殿等，庄严肃穆。此外，还有位于山门外山坡上的安乐堂和上、下塔院以及建于后山的少师静室、歇心亭、龙潭、御碑等。塔院中共有71座埋葬和尚的砖塔或石塔。

山门外是一座3楼4柱的木牌坊，牌楼前有古松二株，枝叶相互搭拢，犹如绿色天棚，牌楼前有一对石狮，雄壮威武。过牌坊是单孔石拱桥，名“怀远桥”，过桥就是山门。

天王殿殿中供弥勒像，背面供韦驮像，两侧塑高约3米的四大天王神像。天王殿两旁为钟鼓楼，后面是大雄宝殿。宝殿面阔五间，重檐庑殿顶，黄琉璃瓦绿剪边，上檐额题“清静庄严”，下檐额题“福海珠轮”。

正脊两端各有一巨型碧绿的琉璃鸱吻，是元代遗物，上系以金光闪闪的鎏金长链。殿内正中供奉硕大的佛祖塑像，神态庄严，后有背光，背光上雕饰有大鹏金翅鸟、龙女、狮、象、羊、火焰纹等。佛像左右分立“阿难”、“伽叶”像，均为清代遗物。大雄宝殿后为斋堂院，是和尚们吃饭的地方，堂后有三圣殿，但此二殿均已拆除。只剩两株娑罗树和两株银杏树，树体高大。中轴线终点是一座楼阁式的建筑，名毗卢阁，高二层，木结 构。站在毗卢阁上纵目远眺，寺庙及远山尽收眼底。

寺院东路由庭院式建筑组成，有方丈院、延清阁和清代皇帝的行宫院，主要建筑有万寿宫、太后宫等。院中幽静雅致、碧瓦朱栏、流泉淙淙、修竹丛生，颇有些江南园林的意境。院内有流杯亭一座，名猗轩亭。

寺院西路大多是寺院式的殿堂，主要建筑有戒坛、观音殿和龙王殿等等，一层层排列，瑰丽堂皇。戒坛是和尚们受戒之处，台上有释迦牟尼像，像前有三把椅子，两侧各有一长凳，是三师七证的坐处;观音殿是全寺最高处，上有乾隆手书莲界慈航，内供观世音菩萨，敛目合什，隽秀端庄。

明崇祯十三年(1640年)建成此城。城东西长640米，南北长320米，城门分东西两座，东门为"顺治"西门为"永昌"，清代改为"威严"。东西城门建有城楼、瓮城和闸楼。原来城四角各有一座角楼。南北城墙正中有马道并在台上盖有楼和兵房。城墙周围有垛口、望孔，下有射眼，每个垛口都有盖板，古称"崇墉百雉，严若雄关"。

1937年7月7日，爆发了震惊中外的"卢沟桥事变"，从此中国人民开始了全面性的抗战。

桥东端伏地大石狮

抗战雕塑园:中国人民抗日战争纪念雕塑园，是由北京市政府投资兴建的爱国主义教育基地，是一个集历史、文化、艺术和革命传统教育于一体的观光胜地。她于1995年7月7日奠基，20__年7月竣工，8月16日正式对社会开放。

抗战雕塑园位于丰台区宛平城与京港澳高速公路之间的三角地带，西临永定水，南望京港澳高速，北倚宛平城，占地二十公顷。有以《国歌》为主题反映中国人民八年浴血抗战历史的雕塑群区以及下沉式中心广场、历史悠久的宛平城墙等主要景区。园中还种植了雪松、合欢、珍珠梅等十余种乔灌木和名贵草坪，林草相映成趣。置身于雕塑园中，举目眺望，纪念碑巍然高耸，雕塑群凝重悲壮，宛平城墙岁月沧桑，不禁令观众浮想联翩，万千感受油然而生。

雕塑群区由日寇侵凌、奋起救亡、抗日烽火和正义必胜四个部分共计三十八尊铜铸雕塑。

各位游客们，大家好!我叫张小新，是带领大家参观孔庙的导游。大家可以叫我张导，也可以直接喊我的名字。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”今天，我有幸为各位担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务，不足之处，请批评指正。

另外，为了避免发生意外，给大家提几点要求：一要守时，不要让大家等你自己;二要注意安全，小心地滑;三要讲究卫生，爱护环境;三要注意保护文物，不要乱涂乱画。好，下面就请大家跟我游览孔庙。

孔庙是我国历代封建王朝祭祀孔子的庙宇，位于曲阜城中央。它是一组具有东方建筑特色、规模宏大、气势雄伟的古代建筑群。与故宫和避暑山庄并称为中国三大古建筑群。

孔庙又名“至圣庙”，这是对孔子最高的称呼。

请大家跟我进入“圣时门”，这是孔庙的正门。圣时，比喻孔子的思想是适合时代的。

大家请看前面三架拱桥，因“壅水环绕如璧”，故名“璧水桥”。故宫有金水桥，此有璧水桥。

我们经过弘道门、大中门、同文门就到了奎文阁。奎文阁是孔庙的主体建筑之一，以藏书丰富，建筑独特而驰名。现在这里是个小书店，喜欢读书的朋友可以去买书。现在自由活动十分钟，然后我们去大成殿。

现在我们看到的就是大成殿。大成殿重檐九脊，黄瓦飞甍，雕梁画栋，气势雄伟。大成殿四周廊下环立着28根石雕龙柱。最为引人瞩目的是前檐的10根深浮雕龙柱，每柱二龙对翔，盘绕升腾，中刻宝珠，雕刻玲珑剔透，龙姿栩栩如生，无一雷同，堪称我国石刻艺术中的瑰宝，充分显示了我国劳动人民的聪明才智。大成殿内金碧辉煌，有大型神龛9座，17座塑像，居中的一座即是孔子。大成殿前露台过去是祭孔时舞蹈奏乐的地方。大成殿是孔庙的主殿，和故宫太和殿、岱庙宋天贶殿并称东方三大殿。

好了，孔庙就参观到这里，朋友们可以拍照留念，然后去参观孔府。欢迎朋友们再来!再见!

北京故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

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恭亲王奕忻(1833—1898)，爱新觉罗氏，是道光皇帝的第六子，于1850年在道光帝的遗诏中被封为恭亲王。他在晚清政局中是一位举足轻重、影响颇大的人物。1861年咸丰皇帝去世后，他与慈禧联手发动“辛酉政变”，清除肃顺等八大顾命大臣，为慈禧以后走上权力的顶峰铺好了道路。此后，他又被封为议政王，在军机处上行走，以亲王的身份参与军国大事，这在有清一代是十分少见的。他以“领袖”的身份与曾国藩、张之洞等封疆大吏一起掀起了中国近代史上著名的“洋务运动”。在他的奏请和筹划下，清政府于1860年设立了中国历史上第一个正式的“外交部”——总理各国事务衙门，专门办理对外交涉事宜。1862年，在他的一手筹划下，清政府在北京成立了京师同文馆，同文馆的设立是我国创办新式学堂的开始，它于1902年并入京师大学堂，成为北京大学成立最早的一个部分。看来这位晚清的亲王与北京大学还有着一定的关系。奕忻是道光皇帝的第六子，在当时又以办理洋务而著称于世，所以时人便送他绰号“鬼子六”，他也并不介意。由于奕忻在政治上很有主见和作为，所以见忌于慈禧太后，后来一度失势，隐居戒台寺。奕忻1872年成为清朝第十家铁帽子王。著有《乐道堂文集》。甲午战争后，再次被起用，总理海军、会办军务、内廷行走。1898年卒，谥号“忠”。)

大家好，欢迎来到北海公园参观游览。你们一定听过《让我们荡起双桨》这首脍炙人口的歌曲吧!歌里唱的就是人们在北海上划船的情景。

北海公园始建于辽代，距今已有近千年的历史，是我国现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一，是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。北海公园占地69公顷，其中有39公顷的水面，主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成。它风景秀丽既有气势又婉约多姿。

北海公园最著名的就是白塔了。白塔位于琼华岛的中心，建于清顺治八年年)，是北海公园最显著的建筑。它是藏式喇嘛塔，高米，由塔基、塔身、宝顶三部分组成，里面藏有舍利子、喇嘛经文和衣钵(音同“波”)。大家看，在蓝天的映衬下，高耸入云的白塔显得格外端庄秀美，是北海公园的象征。

北海公园里还有一座著名的九龙壁，它是用黄、紫、白、蓝、红、绿、青七色琉璃砌筑而成的，共有635条龙。中国现仅有三座九龙壁，只有北海的这座是双面有龙，是三座九龙壁中最精美的一座。

北海公园的景观多得数不清，我也说不尽，就让我们一边唱歌，一边慢慢地游览北海公园吧!“让我们荡起双桨，小船儿推开波浪，海面倒映着美丽的白塔，四周环绕着绿树红墙……”

Prince Gongs residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

Prince Gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gongs palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.

Prince Gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".

Prince Gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi

There are five main reasons why he is favored

First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.

Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Honglisforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Honglis reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

Many friends come to Prince Gongs residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didnt mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )

2、 Scenic spots in the mansion

The main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yinan hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.

The new construction process of yinan Hall:

The yinan hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?

The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.

Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.

Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.

Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.

Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

Jiale Hall

Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.

Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.

Grand Theater

The grand theater building of Prince Gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. Its very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yis birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGongs mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gongs mansion. Now?

各位游客朋友，你们知道吗?北海是一座浪漫的城市。它精致、整洁、漂亮的市容市貌，富于中国古典柔情的景色风格，奠定了其他城市无法比拟的浪漫情怀。

浪漫是与生俱来的，往往是可望不可及的一种潜质、一种风格、一种状态。城市也一样。城市的浪漫，在于它的动和静，清晨和黄昏，街头和共巷尾，旭日中的娇嫩和明月下的诗意。北海，正是以其平静而宽容的点点滴滴，在南中国海边不经意构筑了一片浪漫。北海的浪漫，主要由百年老街、南澫和银滩三部分组成。三个部分和谐共处，浑然天成，连接着北海的自然、历史和现实。让人置身其中，“不知魏晋”而流连忘返。现在正是夕阳西下时分，我们刚穿过了现代气味十足的市中心北部湾广场，沿着四川北路一直往大海的方向，走着走着，就会和那条百年老街谋面了。大家前面的这条老街叫珠海路，迷蒙的阳光掠过残旧的楼顶，破碎地洒落在街道上。街道是多年前改造过的沥青路，沥青里的石子在残旧中探头探脑，用不足为道的力量让珠海路蜿蜒、绵长。街道全由二三层的受西方券拱式建筑影响并融入中国古代建筑精髓的楼房夹拥而成，宽八九米，长三四里。街道两旁是方典型的骑楼，骑楼与两排楼房一路相簇相拥，像亲人一般温厚。此时，孤独一人或情侣成伴，走进珠海路，踩着那些年代久远的旧路，缓缓而行。如果有细细的雨，那最好了。俩人撑着一把雨伞或是共举一张雨披，牵手、相拥。也可走在骑楼下，骑楼里干干爽爽的，人从一个个门口走过，骑楼外雨线如丝缕，景恬而驻欢，就这样在老街中走着，什么也不用说，让耳朵倾听隔着楼顶吹来的海风的诉说。让那骑楼、窗、门、浮雕、屋顶饰物引领，一步步离开现代的尘嚣。一种渐渐走向往日岁月，置身百年之前的感觉油然而生，百年前的烦俗，近在咫尺却过远在天涯，它们一下子都扑面而来!

看，前面就是南澫了，南澫，也许是天底下最小海湾了。它在北海西南郊、离市区不太远的海边。海湾由草木茂盛的冠头岭国家森林公园环抱而成，宽100余米，长数里。柔软的细沙与裸露的火山岩石杂陈南滩头。沙是不含任何杂质的雪白的沙，石是光滑结实的黑色的石。走过一片沙，抬抬脚便登上岩石了。一快连一快的岩石，一直把你引向大海。当你回头望一望来时的“路”，“路”仍完好地站在海水中，黑黑的，屹立着，让兴奋的心松弛、平和。而远处的细沙，白布一般，轻轻起伏，好大一匹!这里太安静了，安静得仿佛是梦里的景致。远处的船舨一只只慢慢滑过，头顶偶尔传来三两声海鸟的鸣叫，太阳像一个道具，那么近，那么真切、纯粹。此时不妨找快平整的岩石躺下来，闭上眼睛。天空是蔚蓝是灰暗，天上有云或无云，都无关紧要，让耳朵享受一下，让远远近近、轻轻重重的涛声，左耳进，右耳出，让它们覆盖和安抚我们一天比一天烦躁的心灵!

如果说老街和南澫以其古典让人心动，那么北海银滩就是现代和古典诗意的完美糅合了。北海银滩，是在北海无法绕过的风景。可以肯定地说，没到过银滩，不算到过北海。银滩的魅力天下闻名，指的是它的“质地”。而银滩更迷人的地方，我想应该是它浸透每棵树，每株草，每粒沙砾，每个角落的浪漫。

银滩最迷人的时候是在清晨和傍晚。海风轻拂，彩霞满天，踩在细细的沙子上，慢慢地走，你感觉不到脚下的是沙，而是棉絮一样东西。或者沿着海堤木板路，走在生机勃勃、柔软而细密的草地上，让思绪信马由缰，让目光追随海鸥的飞翔飘向更远，让“哗哗”的涛声轻抚动荡的心灵。如果禁不起大海的诱惑，就脱了鞋子，让久违阳光的脚在沙滩、海水中自由飞舞，让年轻的步伐在无优中追逐，让纯洁的阳光洒满彼此的肩头，相依相伴，携手而行。祝大家旅途愉快。

各位游客大家好!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和珅野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和珅想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和珅就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和珅的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和珅等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和珅最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和珅说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

恭王府概述

亲爱的朋友，欢迎您使用古游网的导游服务：

王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁，位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府，是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府，是全国重点文物保护单位，它代表着中国的王府文化。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三，太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职，抄了其全家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人，均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近，这个地方是一块风水宝地。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

王府占地约3.1万平方米，分为中、东、西三路建筑，由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝殿七间，左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。

现在就请您跟随我们的讲解，游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。

门外院落

首先给您介绍一下王府主体院落之外的部分。在府邸大门外并列有东西两组院落。

西侧一组院落在三间正门两侧开有两座罩子门通向东、西两路院落，门的前方纵列着四排房屋，每排房屋当中各有一座阿思门，东边的阿思门外有一座影壁。

西侧院落南边沿围墙有两排倒座房，是王府的办事机构用房：前排东侧为回事处、随侍处，中间为管事处，西侧为佐领处、档子房、管领处、庄园处、置办处等，后排为粮仓房;两排倒座之间有东房一排，为裁房、厨房、水屋等。

东侧一组院落中南边沿围墙也有一排倒座房，为王府的兵房，驻有护卫王府的旗兵十余名;北边有一组四合院落，据说载滢回府时在此居住。

当时王府的总出入门就开在东侧院落的东墙上。

好了，下面我们将按照由中路入东路，转中路进西路最后到达后罩楼的顺序带领您转转这重新修缮的恭王府。

正门

中路有正门两重，均朝南。现在您要走入的是恭王府府邸的正门，大门面阔三开间，外置石狮子一对，石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩有12排，代表亲王的爵位。

经过这中路的第一个小院，接下来您还需走过这面阔5间的二门，才能进入王府的中心区域。二门内是正殿及东西配殿，其后为后殿及东西配殿。

向里走您马上会看到的是修复后的银安殿。

银安殿

银安殿俗呼银銮殿，是恭王府最主要的建筑。它作为王府的正殿，只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁。现在经过修复，虽不能与原来的完全一样，但还是能让您体会到它的宏伟与庄重，感受到它的神韵。

现在让我们先去游览一下东路的主要建筑。下一个景点是多福轩。

05多福轩

多福轩采用小五架梁式的明代建筑风格。这里是奕?的会客处，保存着一些漂亮的凤凰彩绘，因其内部悬挂许多“福寿匾”而得名。多福轩内6个书架4个多宝格每个都是4米多高，全是用楠木复原的。

轩前院子内有古藤萝一架，被称为“藤莹架”，据考已生长200多年，在北京是不多见的。因此这个院子又被称为“藤萝院”。

绕过多福轩，您将进入东路的最后一个院子，看到后院的正厅乐道堂。

乐道堂及嘉乐堂

这里恭亲王奕忻起居的地方。奕?为皇子时，道光帝曾赐“乐道堂”匾额一方，此堂因此得名。

东路游览完了，现在请您向西走，去参观中路后院的嘉乐堂。

嘉乐堂五开间、硬山顶、前出廊，是和珅时期的建筑，悬挂“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无从证实。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。这就印证了民间对于王府内有座神殿的传说。

看过了银安殿和嘉乐堂，想必您已经发现了，这中轴线上建筑物的屋顶都用绿琉璃瓦、脊吻兽，而配殿屋皆用灰筒瓦。

各位游客，你们好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体验一下，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙十分平滑，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰地听到对方说话。

三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，站在第二块石头上拍手可以听到两次，而站在第三块石头上拍手就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。

在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们即将走进祈谷坛了，祈谷坛的主体建筑就是祈年殿，祈年殿是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。

圆形尖屋顶是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外焚烧，送上天宫。

现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。

今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。参考资料：地图团祝您一帆风顺。

清华大学位于北京西郊风景秀丽的清华园。是一所综合大学，是当代中国最著名的学府之一，在国内外享有盛誉。

清华大学的前身是清华学堂，始建于1920xx年，是清政府利用美国“退还”的一部分庚子赔款创办的一所留美预备学校。一次，清华学堂的建立，带有民族屈辱的印记。

辛亥革命爆发后，清华学堂改为清华学校。1920xx年清华改办大学，成立大学部，增设研究院国学门(通称“国学研究院”)。1920xx年夏，清华学校由国民政府接管，命名为“国立清华大学”。翌年，留学生美预备部结束、国学研究院停办，清华由一所留美预备学校转变为一所独立的综合大学，开始在中国高等教育界崭露头角。国立清华大学首任校长罗家伦，后校长人选几经更迭，1931年12月，梅贻琦继任校长，连续长校20xx年，在清华发展史上有重大贡献。

国立清华大学共设立文、法、理、工4个学院，16个系;还有理科、文科、法科3个研究所，设中国文学、外国文学、哲学、历史、物理、算学、化学、生物、政治学、经济学10个学部。还相继成立了农业研究所、航空研究所、无线电研究所，称为特种研究所(不招研究生)。

在清华，名师云集、睿才荟萃。王国维、梁启超、院寅恪、赵元任、朱自清、闻一多、吴宓、张奚若、潘光旦、冯友兰、吴晗、陈岱孙、叶企孙、吴有训、周培源、熊庆来、华罗庚、刘仙洲、张之高、梁思成、马约翰等著名学者和大师都曾先后在清华执教。清华大学倡导教育自主、学术独立、广聘名师、治学先进，从而迅速成为全国著名的高等学府。

1937年7月，抗日战争全面爆发，清华大学南迁，先在湖南长沙与北京大学、南开大学合组长沙临时大学。不久，战火逼近长沙，次年长沙临时大学西迁至云南昆明，改名“国立西南联合大学”，并于1938年5月正式开学。西南联大设文、法、理、工和师范等5个学院、26个学系，以及两个专修和一个先修班，在校学生约3000人，是当时国内规模最大的学校。在战火纷飞的年代，在生活极度困难的情况下，西南联大荟萃北大、清华、南开三校精项，通力合作，艰苦办学，以教授水平高、学风校风好、民主空气浓、进步力量强、为国家培育了大批人才而蜚声中外。、

从1920xx年清华学堂成立，到1920xx年留美预备部结束，清华学校先后培养和选送留美生1100人;从1920xx年设立大学部到1948年清华园解放，清华大学共培养大学本科毕业生(含西南联大时期)5500余人，招考派送留美生131人，毕业研究生138人。他们当中有诺贝尔奖获得者杨振宁、李政道，有：“两弹一星“功勋奖章获得者钱学森等，而大部分毕业生成为我国各界、特别是科学、教育和文化界杰出的学术领导人与国内外著名学者。

1948年12月15日，清华园解放，揭开了清华历史崭新的一页。

1952年6月，全国高等院校进行大规模院系调整，清华大学基础雄厚、富有特色的文学院、理学院、法学院和一大批知名学者、教授并入清华大学。经过调整，清华大学设置机械制造、动力机械、土木工程、水利工程、建筑、电机工程、无线电工程和石油工程(1953年调出)等8个系共22个专业及15个专修科，由一所多院制综合大学转变为一所多科性工业大学。

1952年11月，教育部任命蒋南翔为清华大学校长(1956年后兼任党委书记)。蒋南翔在清华任职20xx年，积极探索符合中国国情的社会主义高等教育的办学道路，丰富了马克思主义教育理论。创造性地贯彻党的教育方针，在培育又红又专、全面发展的工程技术和尖端科技人才方面成绩卓著，为清华大学和我国社会主义高等教育事业的发展作出了巨大贡献。

1955年起，清华率先创建原子能等新技术专业。到1966年6月，清华大学设有土木建筑工程、水利工程、动力机械、农业机械、精密仪器及机械制造、冶金、电机工程、无线电电子学、自动控制、工程物理、工程化学、工程力学数学等12个系共40个专业，成为新中国第一流的多科性工业大学。在此期间，学校规模不断扩大，在校学生超过万人。共培养了本科毕业生20xx6人、专科生1126人和研究生1475人，他们中许多人已成为我国各条战线上的骨干，其中不少人是国家各级领导干部和著名专家、学者。

目前清华大学设有建设学院、土木水利学院、机械工程学院、信息科学技术学院、理学院、经济管理学院、公共管理学院、人文社会科学学院、法学院、美术学院、马克思主义学院、医学院等、航天航空学院、生命科学学院、新闻与传播学院等15个学院55个系;博士、硕士授权点252个，博士后流动站37个，国家重点学科37个，形成了高质量、高水平、高层次、多模式培养本科生——研究生的教育体系。先后为国家培养了近十七万各行各业的骨干。20xx年~20xx年，先后成立医学院、新闻与传播学院、航天航空学院、马克思主义学院和生命科学学院。清华大学已经成为一所拥有理、工、文、法、管理、艺术和医学等多学科的综合性大学。

学校通过引进和培养相结合，在国内外选聘优秀人才，形成高水平的学术梯队。目前共有正高级职务教师1262人，其中：中国科学院院士37名、中国工程院院士34名，院士人数居全国高校首位。共有101名教授入选教育部长江学者特聘教授，51人入选长江学者特聘讲座教授，入选人数居全国高校之首。

20xx年，我们迎来清华大学百年华诞。从99周年校庆开始的“百年校庆年”，以“跻身世界一流，服务国家社会”为主题，已经举办了一系列学术、文化、公益和庆祝活动。目前，一场场高水平的学术活动陆续举行，一系列百年校庆出版物相继面世，新清华学堂、校史馆、音乐厅、文科图书馆等百年校庆建设工程进展顺利。

百年校庆是清华发展史上的一个里程碑。在世界高等教育改革和我国经济社会发展的大背景下，在《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》的指导下，我们要总结凝练百年来的办学经验，继承弘扬清华的优良传统，共同谋划未来的发展蓝图，进一步加强拔尖创新人才的培养，积极探索现代大学制度和大学文化，提升水平，扩大影响，加快推进世界一流大学的建设步伐，在新的百年再铸新的辉煌，努力为中华民族的伟大复兴、为人类文明的进步发展，作出新的更大的贡献!

Beijing AnDingMen article in guozijian street, also known as cheng Yin street. The street is a total of four originalre building a type of coloured drawing or pattern, in the qing dynasty is the arched most preserved street in Beijing. Locust trees on both side of the street, blotting out the sun shade, sophora japonica fragrance. Beijing Confucian temple is situated at the eastern end of the street.

Confucius temple is sacrifice famous thinker, educator, Confucius temple world culture celebrities, has a long history.

Beijing Confucian temple was built in the yuan, a teacher for six years (1302 AD), yuan, a teacher for ten years (1306 AD) built, begun to take shape. Ming jiajing nine years (1530 AD) built the footprints temple, dedicated to Confucius five generations of ancestors. Qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) the expansion of the dacheng hall, Confucius into todays scale. The entire Confucius temple watching operas.it comprises three courtyards, covers an area of about 220xx square meters, the main body construction along the central axis, bilateral symmetry of the traditional Chinese architectural layout. In the long history of more than 700 years, it became a yuan, Ming and qing three generations of rulers Kong Chongru, promoting education, the main context of the holy land, has become many aim at of intellectuals worship hall of fame. This group is old than the imperial palace imperial buildings concentrated the essence of Confucian culture in one thousand, frozen for a period of hundreds of years of imperial examination. In a hall with high ceiling of the chung chi towering cooper, stone forest, Confucius temple, from the noise of the city, touch the pulse of the history, culture, with quiet indifferent heart to feel an extensive and profound Chinese traditional culture, it is a activity.

Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation. The Confucius temple building scientific layout, scale, highlights the royal style.

Past the door (also called lingxingmeng door) is the Confucius temple gate, width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door.

Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation of the 8th century BC Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics of print, resembles that of words and profound poetic only knowledgeable Confucius was able to fully understand. First into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade six years (AD 1302), was destroyed by fire, after the Ming yongle nine years (AD 1411) reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) to the temple from 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, inside the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the tallest building in feudalism society of China, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. "Dacheng temple consecrate Confucius holy king wen xuan" whore, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet. A god lead the case on set, respect, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are qing qianlong drive makes the real thing. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor of the book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

The third into the yards most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Building the Ming jiajing nine years (AD 1530), the qing qianlong emperor two years (AD 1737) rebuilt, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

Confucius temple after 700 years of history culture, precious cultural relics of a legacy, become a important historical research of ancient Chinese imperial examinations and Confucius Confucianism and in-kind.

In Confucius temple first into the yard on both sides of the imperial way is divided into four parts with 198 tall title jinshi stone, three of the yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, 77, 118 in the qing dynasty. The title jinshi stone engraved on the yuan, Ming and qing three generations of names, native places, imperial jinshi in all the subjects, a total of 51624 people. In numerous jinshi we know celebrities such as Ming dynasty etiquette of zhang juzheng, patriotic star Yu Qian, Yuan Chonghuan, scientists present YanSong rape, to learn in the qing dynasty outstanding yu ji xiaolan, liu2 yong and modern celebrity Liu Chunlin, shen junru and so on. Shuttle in the time span for hundreds of years in the forest of steles, stroke want mottled itself, look up at BeiMian has been vague on the handwriting, not let a person a "jiangshan generation have fell out, all the excellences for hundreds of years".

Between the Confucian temple and guozijian ancient royal (university) in the way, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi an forest of steles forest of steles. Ho-shen, wangjie legend emperor qianlong emperor nominees for President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, highly praised by emperor qian long, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in ones hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces.

On the west side of central courtyard okimichi have seen through. Composed of green petals Wells, stone well. Because is located on the waterline okm, stable door area, the well water often overflow to the mouth of the well, water quality pure palate, legend has it the highest for people after greeting Confucius after all want to drink the water in the well, it is said that after drinking can be inspired, flair, write a good article. With well water ink, 4 excessive, write the word mo xiang pen smoothly. So the qianlong emperor "name inkstone lake. Although now borehole water level is low, there is no one to drink, but the name of the well refined atmosphere and moving legends, added a bit of Confucius literary grace.