英文答辩漂亮的开场结尾【精彩20篇】

Dear Mr××,

Ms. Huang of your company has told me that your dept needs a manager assistant,and I wish to apply for the position. I will graduate from commercial school next month. My outstanding record at school and some experience in business has prepared me for the work you are calling for.

I am really interested in learning business practice,and also a diligent worker and a fast learner. If given a chance, I am sure I can prove my worth in your company.

I will be available during the weekdays in the morning for any interviews you may want to give. Enclosed is my resume,and hoping for your immediate reply.

Yours faithfully,

69.Hope for the best,prepare for the worst。好处着想，坏处准备。

70.Great hope makes great man. 伟大的思想造就伟大的人。

71.A rolling stone gathers no moss。滚石不聚苔，转行不聚财。

72.When in Rome, do as the Romans do。入乡随俗。

73.Knowledge is a measure, but practise is the key to it。知识是珍宝，而实践是获取它的钥匙。

74.Lost time is never found again。光阴一去不复返。

75.Difficulties strengthen the mind, as labour does the body。劳动强体，磨难强智。

76.Behind bad luck comes good luck。塞翁失马，焉知非福。

77.All for one, one for all。我为人人，人人为我。

78.Treat other people as you hope they will treat you./Do not do to others what you do not wish them to do to you己所不欲，勿施于人。

79.Suspicion is the poison of friendship。怀疑是对友谊所下的毒药。

80.He laughs best who laughs last。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最美。

81.Follow your own course, and let people talk。走自己的路，让别人说去吧。

82.Initiative is doing the right thing without being told。主动性就是在没有人告诉时做正确的事情。

83.Think twice before acting。三思而后行。

84.Adversity reveals genius, fortune conceals it。苦难显才华，好运藏天知。

85.The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up。水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

86.Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion。宁为鸡头，不为凤尾。

87.A stitch in time saves nine。防微杜渐./一针不补，十针受苦。

88.Diamond cuts diamond。强中更有强中手。

89.The early bird catches the worm。捷足先登./早起的鸟儿有虫吃。

90.Whatever you go, go with all your heart。无论做什么事，一定要全力以赴。

91.The good seaman is known in bad weather。惊涛骇浪，方显英雄本色。

92.Where there is life, there is hope。留得青山在，不怕没柴少。

93.All thing are difficult before they are easy。万事开头难。

94.Life is not all roses。人生并不都是康庄大道。

95.Heaven never seals off all the exits。天无绝人之路。

96.Is it not a joy to have friends come from afar?

97.Reading is always profitable./Reading reriches the mind。开卷有益。

98.A gentleman acts on behalf of an understanding friend,as a woman makes herself beautiful for her lover。士为知己者用，女为说悦己者容。

99.Actions speak louder than words。事实胜于雄辩。

100.Mastery of work comes from diligent application, and success deponds on forethought。业精于勤，行成于思。

请假条的格式由标题、称呼、正文、落款等部分组成，具体写作方法如下：

标题：“请假条”三字写在第一行中间位置。

称呼：在第二行顶格写明向谁请假。写给收条人的称呼同一般书信。一般都是向顶头上司或老师请假。具体写法是在姓后面加上职务，如“陈主任”，“王科长”，“张老师”等，后用冒号。

正文：写清请假的缘由，请假的起止时间。在第三行空两格写起。最后常以“请予准假”，“此致敬礼”，“不胜感激”等用语结束。 落款：署名和日期的写法同一般书信。在右下方署上请假人姓名。姓名下方标注请假日期。

要写好请假条.必须注意以下几点：

①请假原因要具体清楚，不能含糊其辞，模棱两可。

②如果遇到突发事情来不及请假，可请人将请假条捎给收条人。如果是事先知道的事情应提前向有关人员请假，得到批准方可。一般请假人不应起级请假。

③请假时间一定要写清楚，便于有关人员考虑和安排。

④请假人在假期满后应主动销假，假条不必收回。

Dear,

I feel sorry to say that I decided to quit my current job. Maybe it is really a surprise for you. After serious and careful consideration, however, I have to make this adjustment regarding my personal career development plan. I’m sorry about the inconvenience it may bring to you and our team.

The decision is really hard for me because I have so enjoyed my working relationship here. Our team has offered me great latitude and opportunity within our business area. And as a result, I’ve not only gained the technical skills, interpersonal skills, but also learnt a lot on predominant company culture and the art of management. I’d like to express my deep thanks for the rewarding experience I’ve enjoyed during those days.

However, all good things must come to an end. I have to say goodbye to you and our excellent team. I will be dedicated to hand over all my work to the appointed personnel before my departure. Thanks again for your kindly support and instruction during my work.

Wish you every success in future!

1、六一，六一，做到六个一：让我们傻一点，嫩一点，笨一点，幼稚一点，可爱一点，开心一点，虽然大龄了，但是快乐无极限，儿童节，祝老小孩们开心!

2、鉴于你身材已超高，体重已超标，多年不尿床，晚上睡得早，天天知道笑，生性很乖巧，童心尚未老。六一特授你超龄好儿童称号!

3、很多年前我给你发了一条短信，因为祝福太多太沉重，所以这么多年才刚寄到：六一儿童节快乐!愿你是全天下最幸福最快乐最聪明最可爱最美丽的小孩子!

4、当你回忆童年时笑了，说明长大了;当你回忆童年时哭了，说明怀念了;当你回忆童年时感慨了，说明成熟了;人成熟，心纯粹，儿童节，祝你童心永葆!

5、貂蝉一微笑，董卓把命掉;秋香一微笑，伯虎魂也消;孔明一微笑，周郎也难逃;你若一微笑，鼻涕直往嘴里跑。儿童节到了，请速来本处领取擦鼻涕纸一张。

6、放下你的成熟，收起你的稳重，脱掉你的圆滑，穿上你童真，释放你的压力，冲出你的焦虑，绽放你的活力!儿童节，给自己心情放个假吧!

7、六一儿童节，让我们一起穿逗逗的童装，露纯纯的童颜，用甜甜的童心，找美美的童趣，念乐乐的童年。愿我的朋友幸福快乐胜过孩童!

8、欢迎乘坐六一时光穿梭机，带你重返无忧无虑的童年。登机前，请卸下所有伪装，释放所有压力，揣上一颗充满好奇的童心，祝旅途愉快。

9、构思了很多心语，酝酿许多祈福，斟酌了众多问候，才发现还是这话最实在：儿童节将至，别只顾玩泥巴，也要保重身体，注意休息哦，并祝节日快乐!

10、烦恼时，想一想童年的美好;困难时，想一想童年的快乐;郁闷时，想一想童年的自由;失意时，想一想童年的无所忌惮。童年的一切美好，儿童节即将来到，愿你时常回味生活的美好，幸福生活乐逍遥。

11、六一来了，希望宝贝每天快乐的象小茶壶一样，虽然小屁屁被烧的滚烫滚烫，但依然吹着开心的口哨，冒着幸福的泡泡，乐的屁颠屁颠!

12、六一来了，回味童趣，找找欢笑，寻寻童真，聊聊故里，觅觅童心，笑声依旧，祝福依然，问候来到：祝六一儿童节快乐无忧乐逍遥幸福甜蜜无限延。

13、给天空画上信任的模样，就晴朗了，给大海画上信任的模样，就平静了，给空气画上信任的模样，就温暖了，给快乐画上信任的模样，就幸福了，明日六一，朋友给自己

14、宝宝，今天是你的节日，也是偶的生日，现在，我和你一起过六一，你长大了，还要为我庆六一哦!幸福吧，有个金猪妈妈，他可以陪你过一辈子的儿童节!

15、不管收入多高，幸福就好;不管职位多高，平安就好;不管地位多高，健康就好;不管年龄多高，开心就好。六一了，让心情释放一下吧。

My name is . I am from ___ . There are __ people in my family. My father works in a computer company. He is a computer engineer. My mother works in a international trade company. She is also a busy woman. I have a older sister and a younger brother. My sister is a junior in National Chinese Taiwan University. She majors in English. My brother is an elementary school student. He is 8 years old.

Because of my father, I love surfing the Internet very much. I play the on-line game for about 2 hours every day. I wish I could be a computer program designer in the future. And that is why I am applying for the electronics program in your school.

我毕业于景德镇陶瓷学院平面设计专业，具有较好的设计功底及艺术素养，对自己的专业有着浓厚的兴趣，能够根据公司的需要进行设计制作，并能高效率地完成工作。熟练运用photoshop，3dsma_，illustrator，flash，dreamweaver等软件和计算机word、e_cel及其它基本操作。

我善于实践，利用周末做销售工作，锻炼与人沟通的能力;还业绩优秀，从中得到自信。集体荣誉感强。有较强的创新能力和领导团队的能力!责任心强，认真、细致、有强烈的工作责任心;善于沟通;有团队精神;勤于思考，有随时应对新事物的积极态度，有快速学习和运用的能力。能服从公司安排。

在校期间我努力学习，不断完善自己，同时还积极参与校内外各项活动，锻炼自己的社交和解决问题的能力;我能够适应压力下的工作环境，同时拥有创新的活力精神，遇到问题我会保持一种积极的态度去解决。性格稳重，具有锐利的观察力、推测能力，较强的组织协调、沟通能力和百折不挠的进取精神。团队合作是我的工作精神，诚实守信是我的人生信条。对工作有高度热情和责任感，不怕吃苦，适应能力强。能够独立完成工作项目，自主学习能力强。

我是来自___的男生，大海给了我宽阔的胸怀，狂风巨浪给了我坚忍不拔与吃苦耐劳的精神。多年来国家赋予我教育与学知识的机会，并且能使我从中悟出做人的道理，而今天的我确信有能力为国家为家乡尽一份薄力，还望贵公司给我一个施展能力的机会，与其共进退。

nviting Friends to a Birthday Party Invitation

Dear Ruth,

Next Friday, September the fifth, is Tom’s birthday. I thought it would be pleasant to have some of his friends here to help him celebrate. Will you come We’ll have dancing from nine until midnight, and then cut the birthday cake! Both Tom and I are very eager to have you here, so don’t disappoint us!

Affectionately yours,

Li Hua August

3.1, 1998

Year-end and end of the year, a busy year is coming, new challenges in sight. Meditation Review, supermarket in this family so that I got the exercise, learning the knowledge, pay a friend, accumulated experience, of course, through a number of profound lessons learned to find their own deficiencies. This year is a full year, my growth from supermarket this family, for supermarket better development next year to do their own full responsibility is incumbent. Now sum up the work of their own x

One, Market Buildings Working Stage

years after the Spring Festival, I am still responsible for the market building of the business, in cooperation with Zhai Jingli experienced postganglionic off-season business difficulties in the business of rent difficult, managed staff due to seasonal factors such as a lot of attrition Sexual problems, through the settlement of these issues, so that their own clothing retail market, market climate understanding, and staff and personnel management has been rapidly improved. Through the mediation work with the business contacts, coordination has been further exercise. In order to adapt to changing circumstances, with the companys overall planning for the market, a certain layout adjustment. March supermarket market began to conceive in April opened their own threw himself into the preparatory work, staff recruitment, business training, shelves, shelves, shelves to the daily operation and maintenance, the concern of the CEOs, the companys support , Under the guidance of Mr. Liu and Lee store, supermarket market to the smooth development and transition, the latest business knowledge of their supermarkets had a system of strengthening. Responsible for the market during the effort to maintain the normal operation of the business activities, no unexpected incidents. However, the overall market potential of did not give full play to produce benefits is a fact, although market development has all aspects of the objective environment of immature constraints, but market potential can not fully play their own great responsibility.This also shows the limitations of their ability, which is the market to get the most profound understanding. At the same time, market, a variety of difficult pressure experience, so that their psychological quality has been greatly improved, and then face the great difficulties and pressure, I will not flinch away, calm calm to face the solution, this is me Work in the market to get the maximum benefit.

Second, supermarket stage

June due to work needs, I was transferred to supermarket store manager and non-food manager. In the work to strengthen the management of goods and personnel on-site management, to achieve performance improvement is the center of the work.

Although since joining the supermarket joined the family, supermarket staff are also very familiar with, but after all, there is still a difference in specific work. In order to enter the role as soon as possible to take responsibility, on the one hand to strengthen the professional knowledge of learning, actively reading newspaper articles, humbly ask Liu total Lee shop advice. On the one hand to strengthen communication to understand the actual situation, to the food, receiving goods, cash register and other relevant departments responsible for communication, and non-food group leader Wenjuan in-depth exchanges. In a short time with the relevant supervisors to establish a working relationship to dissolve contact, take on duty duty manager store. And the cabinet with the head of the non-food staff of the reorganization of training, the planning and display of goods has been adjusted by the joint efforts of non-food employees, our sales have increased significantly. Wen Juan was promoted to non-food procurement, I also played a non-food team leader, dive down, start from scratch, health, display, warehouse, receiving goods from the beginning of every detail strict requirements, so that non-food store atmosphere Have changed. And employees with the contact, on the basis of strict requirements, to the staff of the ideological communication and business training, so that the spirit of the staff has changed, the enthusiasm of the initiative has been played. In the companys concern and support of various departments, the whole group of staff work together, non-food progress has been recognized by the company.

Store duty manager is responsible for coordinating the work of various departments to maintain the normal operation of all stores to deal with emergencies, in this position, based on their overall control of the overall situation, at the same time make full use of the platform to enhance their organization and coordination With the business level, in the cash register, customer service, receiving goods, loss prevention, fire and other aspects of in-depth understanding, identify problems, reduce vulnerability, as a competent store manager.

Third, personnel management training

As a supervisor, the management of the staff is a more difficult compulsory course, each persons experience, different personality, how to make the staff of the department to a heart to a heart not to talk about itSimple things. Through the relevant professional knowledge and practical knowledge of the work of the application of personnel management under a lot of my martial arts. Following the strict and care and use of the method.

First of all, their real concern from the psychological staff, respect for employees, the real sake of the staff, really want to improve staff. On this basis, targeted staff of the ideological communication and business training to address staff ideas, establish a clear development goals, and indeed stimulate staff initiative and enthusiasm, and then through the business training for staff to know how to make, how to For the better. In the work management, and always take the lead in words, as long as the principle of making mistakes, never condone. So that the staff from the inherent dynamic, external combat effectiveness can produce benefits.

But people are constantly changing and development, personnel management will change and development, which requires their own sober mind, continuous learning and improvement, and better play the full potential of the team.

The staff training is also an important work of the supervisor, the first from the market 5 staff to market supermarket 3 staff and then to the August supermarket six sector B class 4 staff training, through a training and exchange, From the initial basic business sense of their own training, through the accumulation and learning, initially formed on the staff from the ideas, knowledge of goods, sales psychology and skills, discipline and other aspects of the system of training content. Has been recognized by the staff received a certain effect.

Fourth, professional knowledge and market to control

Ability to improve

The trend of the development of the supermarket retail industry is unstoppable, but the retail industry is also facing both opportunities and challenges coexist, he was fortunate to be able to participate in the development of the times the most among the industry, we must seize the opportunity to work hard. Learning, learning, relearning is the same task in the work and spare time. On the one hand, the basic skills of supermarket management, merchandise display, reasonable inventory of stocks, the adjustment of seasonal commodities, the selection of goods, the convergence of all aspects of operation, from the book theory to practice in daily work, the real knowledge needed to digest Through and then applied to work. On the other hand, through a variety of information media to understand the latest market information, industry dynamics, to listen to the relevant professional training to make their own ideas in the global clearer to a higher point of view of market changes, the company decision-making From their own strategic recommendations.

Fifth, the lack of work with the next year ideas

As the saying goes: frozen three feet of non-day cold.After all, the time to join the retail industry, just one year, the specific start of the work of the supermarket only nearly six months, and market knowledge and knowledge of supermarkets is so deep. Through the calm self-reflection, there are a lot of their own shortcomings, as a whole because of shorter operating hours involved, the operation is not comfortable, the specific also reflected in: First, the choice of goods and control to be strengthened, due to the different division of food Commodity awareness is relatively weaker.Second, the analysis of the market forecast is not accurate enough, lack of confidence, which is due to less experience.

Facing the opportunities and challenges of next year, I will take the responsibility of pragmatism better, strengthen the study of the theory and practice, and make our own business level and management level improve comprehensively. We will devote ourselves to the development of the company. energy. In short, in the new year I put more efforts into the struggle for the cause of supermarket, with the development of benefits to return to the company, to achieve their own value in life.

Dear interviewer, Hello, my name is, the law is like a secret weapon in the world is much safer. In the four years of graduate study, I study the constitutional jurisprudence, legal history, Chinese, administrative law and administrative litigation law, civil law, commercial law, intellectual property law, economic law. The criminal law, civil law, criminal law, international law, international law, international economic law, master the basic theory of law and basic knowledge, understand and grasp the main laws and regulations of the state, the spirit of the law and the legal value behind the understanding and grasp of the rule of law, and the use of legal theory, method and thinking of problem analysis, solution the problem.

Book knowledge is limited, I actively participated in many social practice and community work, engaged in a large organization to plan the party, to answer the phone secretarial work, accumulated a lot of experience from success to failure. I think the actual operation ability and organization ability of cooperative learning is more important.

In the usual practice, I learned a lot, especially some books to school work experience, although there have been previous success and failures, from which I get is a lot of work principle and work experience for me now, things have become mature. In the past work, I work conscientiously, have team spirit and good communication skills.

As a graduate, maybe my knowledge is limited, perhaps I was too young, the lack of practical experience, I may not like other people in some areas to work freely, but the young means of enthusiasm and vitality. I dont have much experience, does not mean I can not. Because there is no experience, but more can let me focus on one thing, and not susceptible to outside interference, to maintain their own ideas, maintain their own sense of accomplishment. This will have more power, will be a big harvest. I am confident of their own abilities and learning work in learning and life after graduation to overcome all kinds of difficulties, to realize the value of life with the goal of Standard.

大学生毕业论文答辩中的常见问题与对策建议

论文答辩，是在讲述论文的基础上，答复别人的提问，为自己的论文和观点辩护。答辩分为两个基本步骤，一是讲述论文，二是回答提问。

教师等根据学生的个人讲述、对所提问题的回答等来判断论文真伪或独立完成的程度，判断学生对论文的结构和内容的熟悉程度，考察学生的知识面、外语水平、理论水平、应变能力，了解学生对课题未来发展前景的认识等等。

有必要总结大学生毕业论文答辩中容易出现的问题，以供将来借鉴。

一、论文讲述中的常见问题

1、仪表不够得体

上场答辩，要求答辩人仪表不仅要整洁，而且要得体。问题主要是个别女生不够得体，例如过度化妆，浓妆艳抹，不像是参加学术活动，倒像是参加舞会或相亲会。男生装束打扮也可能出差错，例如有男生戴项链出场答辩，显得怪异，不够庄重。

2、仪态不够从容

面对台下众人，尤其是面对众多教师，仪态不够从容，甚至神情慌乱，声音发抖，眼睛不知往何处看，低头不敢看台下，或看窗户外或天花板以躲避，手足无措，站立不正，或不自然扭动或走动。有的笑不像笑，硬挤出来的笑，很不自然，甚至比哭还难看。或者，死死盯住台下某人，令双方都很不自在。或者说话不流畅，犯语病。

3、声音语速问题

个人音质不由自己定，但声音高低由自己定。有的学生声音太高，如同吵架;有的学生声音太小，如同蚊子在叫，连坐在最前排的教师都听不见，遑论坐在后排的人;更有甚者，简直是用鼻子发音，像是在哼哼。语速，则语速偏快说不清楚的多，语速偏慢不连贯的少。

4、时间把握不准

讲述论文时间太短或偏长。短的，只有1分多钟。报过论文题目，然后说分为若干章，第一章是什么，第二章是什么，直到最后一章是什么，接下来便无话可说。长的，则超时，一般是念论文原文。念论文原文，七、八千字的论文，也得半个小时左右，一万五千字左右的论文，得一个小时左右。讲述论文限定时间十分钟之内，时间到了，才念了个开头，主持教师不得不叫停。

5、讲述不流畅

多数学生不能脱稿讲述，而是念稿子，有的念都念不利索。稍微好的，则是背稿子，不是讲论文，而是背课文。最不好的，是念论文。背论文的情况则显特殊。曾有一名学生把7000多字的论文背下来，背诵约26分钟，一字不差，一气呵成，反映该生记忆力奇好而且对论文极其熟悉，但严重超时，因为讲述应该在10分钟以内。

6、其它问题

例如支持手段不足，缺少挂图，甚至连个目录挂图都没有。还有吐字不清，普通话不标准等问题。综合问题，则是一个学生同时出现上述两方面甚至更多方面的问题。例如，一名男生，上台后从头到尾一直埋着头，恨不得钻到讲台之下，念稿子，声音很软很小，哼哼唧唧，好不容易才把论文“哼”了一遍，严重超时。

二、回答提问时的常见问题。

1、回答问题态度不积极

避重就轻，绕开主要的、复杂的问题，捡非主要的、容易的问题回答，或者，对需要重点详细回答的问题只作粗略回答，对只需要简略回答的非重点问题作冗长的回答。回避问题，对某些问题避而不答，不作任何交代，好像这些问题不曾提过一样。表情或语气显出不耐烦，等等。

2、老问题都回答不好

有时候，多个学生写相同或相近的论文题目，可能被问到相同或相近的问题。有的问题，前面学生答不好或答不上来，按理，后面的同学被问到同样问题，应该比前面的学生答得好，但实际情况有时是，前面同学回答过的问题，后面的人还答不好，令人失望。例如，“策略”的定义是什么，第一个学生回答不了，过一阵第二个学生还回答不了。

3、回答问题数量少

大学生毕业论文答辩，属于本科或专科层次，不同于硕士生或博士生等的毕业论文答辩，问题不会太多，一般每生被提问5个左右问题，回答至少3个问题即可。问题是有的学生只回答2个甚至1个问题，或者只能答好1个问题，数量太少，占问题总数比例太低。

4、答案有缺陷

答案不完整，例如某学生写关于中国—东盟自有贸易区的论文，回答“东盟包括哪些国家?”时，列举目前东盟国家名称与数量，与标准答案相差不多，但毕竟不完整。回答“中国与东盟哪些经济体经济往来最多?”时，缺陷更大。某国际商务专业毕业生撰写的论文题目是党政官员带病提拔问题，不仅文字内容没有向商务领域倾斜或靠拢，回答问题时也对商务领域党政官员带病提拔的问题浑然不知，对商务部高官被捕概不知晓。某学生撰写有关企业家能力的论文，但该生不仅没有在论文中对著名企业家进行列表分析对比，而且连国内最著名的企业家都数不上几个来，连大名鼎鼎的海信集团的负责人是谁都不知道，显然相关知识不足。

5、答案不正确或答不上来

某学生论文一再提到我国沿海发达地区，回答“沿海发达地区如何界定?”时，答案不正确，因为其答案是“沿海地区就是发达地区”。实际上，沿海也有不发达地区。

某学生写地理文化对fdi(外商直接投资)的影响，回答“外商直接投资与间接投资的区别有哪些?”时，无言以对。还有商科专业毕业生不知道wto的全称是world trade organization，更有甚者，连三个单词中的一个都说不出来。

6、答案根本错误

例如写“孙子兵法在市场营销中的应用”，回答问题时答“孙子兵法第36计”云云，把孙子兵法与三十六计混为一谈，违反了起码的常识。论文写兵法，却连孙子兵法与三十六计都分不清，缺乏起码的常识，犯了原则性错误。

还有，写区域经济问题，论文中贯穿着“长江三角洲”的用词，讲述中也一再提到“长三角”、“珠三角”如何如何，但被要求回答“什么是长三角?”这样简单的问题时，却一再说长江流域如何如何，原来该生连长三角与长江流域都分不清，经教师现场提示，仍然不清醒。论文主题词都根本理解错误，而且大错特错。

7、对论文摘要英译不熟悉

400字左右的中文摘要，翻译成英语，篇幅会有所增加，但不会增加太多，作者应当十分熟悉。但实际上，有的作者不熟悉自己论文摘要的英语翻译。例如，中文摘要中出现“金融危机”，摘要英译中也有“financial crisis”，但被问及“金融危机”如何翻译成英语时，却答不上来，只回答说自己英语底子不好。类似还有“central government”、“local government”、“furious market competition”等等，都是出现在论文中，但作者答不上来。这种情况下，翻译工作往往不是作者自己完成的。

8、其它问题

例如，审题不清，答非所问。过度回答，画蛇添足。胡蒙乱撞，信口开河甚至狡辩、强词夺理等。

教师看到论文摘要英译篇幅明显短少，并发现有整句甚至整段没有翻译，属于偷工减料或粗心大意，于是提出疑问，有的学生回答是意译，不肯承认是自己工作不足。

三、对策建议

1、学生要正确认识论文答辩

学生务必要明白，毕业论文答辩是必不可少的教学环节之一，是管理方考察学生知识与能力以及论文真实性的重要方式之一，也是学生展示自己才学风度的难得机会。答辩，既是一项责任，也是一项权利。通过答辩，不仅可以锻炼提高自己，还可以培养同学之间的情谊等等。答辩中学生辛苦，教师也辛苦，大家为了共同的事业而走到一起。

毕业论文答辩可能只是人生一系列答辩的开始，以后求职应聘或完成工作任务，都极可能遭遇答辩，继续深造攻读硕士或博士学位，则必然再答辩。因此，大学生毕业论文答辩是人生一系列答辩的基石。

2、熟悉论文，了如指掌

回答问题需要很多知识，需要熟悉论文，学生很难在短期内增加大量知识，但可以在短期内熟悉论文。其实，论文写作几个月，真要是自己写的东西，早该滚瓜烂熟了，哪一章是什么，哪一节是什么，哪一段是什么，早该了然在胸。抄袭拼凑则另当别论。就算是抄袭拼凑，抄几遍后也该相当熟悉了。

对论文的创新点、不足之处等要重点掌握，对扩展性问题、课题未来前景问题等也要有所准备。

3、写答辩稿

有没有答辩稿，对答辩效果影响很大，所以学生最好写答辩稿。

论文，要短，可以短到一句话，这句话就是论文标题，一般只有十几个甚至几个字，几秒钟就能说完;要长，可以长到上万字，最长就是全文，几十分钟才能念完。中间有许多状态，就是说论文可以缩写为各种篇幅，例如8000字、5000字、3000字、1000字、500字左右等等。按一般的语速，如果要求讲述5分钟左右，答辩稿应在1000字左右，如果要求讲述8分钟左右，则答辩稿应在1500字左右，余类推。当然，答辩稿与论文缩写稿之间，还是有区别的。论文缩写稿是论述性语言，是书面语;答辩稿则是讲课语言，介于书面语与口语之间。

4、模拟试讲

在正式答辩前搞模拟演习，可以由指导教师组织本组学生实施，也可以由学生自行组织，可以以本组为单位，也可以以宿舍或其它为单位。不论以何种形式组织，都可望取得明显效果。试讲与不试讲，有云泥之别。通过试讲，发现和纠正各种问题，可以大幅提高答辩质量。多次试讲，效果尤佳。百闻不如一见，百见不如一行，只有亲自讲一讲，才能体察个中滋味。纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行，也是这个意思，提倡模拟试讲。模拟试讲，好比军事演习，也好比节目排练，作用不容忽视。

5、为可能提到的问题预备答案

教师提问，问题可能是论文涉及的基本理论问题、基本概念、数据图表闭合或衔接问题、相关知识、英语(或其它外语语种)语法词汇等问题。例如，某论文写报关行业题目，同时提到报关员、报关从业人员、报关专业人才三个名词，那么，就要从名词解释的高度分清三个名词的关系，搞清各自的内涵和外延。再如，某论文写打造文化强市，那么，就需要搞清什么是文化、主要的文化产业有哪些、什么是文化强市等基本问题。还有，写现代企业的题目，需要搞清现代二字的含义;写中小企业的题目，需要搞清中小企业的划分标准;写中国汽车开拓国际市场，需要搞清怎样才算中国汽车、主要中国汽车品牌有哪些;写企业家能力，需要搞清什么是企业家、著名企业家有哪些等等。

当然，答辩人也不必过分紧张劳累。论文涉及的问题无边无际，不可能准备完全;教师提问的目的，是考察督促，不是为难什么人。

6、每生用时15分钟左右为佳

每生讲述论文时间限定8分钟左右较好。时间太短，说不清楚，表现不出水平;时间太长，没有必要，容易浪费资源。用时恰好8分钟者为最佳，短者不低于7分钟或长者不超过9分钟者为次佳，6-7分钟或9-10分钟者再次，低于5分钟或超过10分钟者为劣。每次答辩的学生数量不同，时间紧张或充裕程度不同，每个学生享有的时间长短不同，但以不突破上述范围为佳。

每生回答问题的时间以7分钟左右为宜，灵活性稍大。

7、精心组织，虎头虎尾

班级等要提前布置答辩会场，保证有个良好开端，自始至终同学之间要互相关照，互相服务，特别注意为最后几名同学的答辩捧场。一般情况是，刚开始时，出于新奇感、观摩需要等因素，会场观众多，气氛热烈，接着，新奇感渐消，出现疲劳感，加之答辩过的人已经觉得万事大吉而逍遥去了，于是观众渐少，场面渐冷。特别是，到了最后，学生已极度疲劳，已经没有人需要观摩，容易冷场。精心组织，有意识地为后场捧场，有利于提升答辩人的信心，有利于加强班级的团结。

8、其它方面

保持嗓音清亮。声音甜美与否主要在于天赋，而声音响亮与否主要在于态度。学生不必为了答辩而专门练嗓子，但可以为了答辩吃润喉片，或者预防感冒等。

平常有意识训练。在一切可能的场合有意识训练自己的演讲、应变能力，与答辩相互促进。

有的学生善于答辩，讲述论文恰到好处，从容不迫但声情并茂，回答问题胸有成竹对答如流，应该成为其他同学学习的典范，善于答辩的学生也要积极帮助其他同学。

跨年级观摩。组织非毕业生观摩答辩，即组织大三、大二乃至大一学生观摩答辩，为未来的答辩打基础。

教师等组织管理方也要在每届答辩会之后进行总结，分析成败得失，总结经验教训，不断创新，不断改进，让后续答辩不断完善。

特别地，应该准备药物，制定应急计划，以防出现晕厥等突发事件。

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在实习工作上，认真负责，踏实肯干，遇到不懂的地方虚心向主管同事请教，善于思考，做好笔记，每天温习笔记，每周写心得，坚持记录工作点滴，总结经验。把学到的知识运用到具体工作中，保质保量完成工作任务，细心耐心用心是一个合格财务人员该具备的素质，我会一直坚持，虽然平时或许大大咧咧，但是工作起来，对着数据不能丝毫马虎，也不能丝毫急切，中国太极之道在财务人员身上能得到极致的反映。在小组中互帮互助，具备较好团队精神和沟通协助能力，和同事主管相处和睦。

一般货物出口合同格式（附英文）

合同号码： 签约日期： 买方： 卖方： 本合同由买卖双方缔结，用中、英文字写成，两种文体具有同等效力，按照下述条款，卖方同意售出买方同意购进以下商品： 「章名」 第一部分 1.商品名称及规格 2.生产国别及制造厂商 3.单价（包装费用包括在内） 4.数量 5.总值 6.包装（适合海洋运输） 7.保险（除非另有协议，保险均由买方负责） 8.装船时间 9.装运口岸 10.目的口岸 11.装运唛头，卖方负责在每件货物上用牢固的不褪色的颜料明显地刷印或标明下述唛头，以及目的口岸、件号、毛重和净重、尺码和其它买方要求的标记。如系危险及/或有毒货物，卖方负责保证在每件货物上明显地标明货物的性质说明及习惯上被接受的标记。 12.付款条件：买方于货物装船时间前一个月通过＿＿＿＿＿＿银行开出以卖方为抬头的不可撤销信用证，卖方在货物装船启运后凭本合同交货条款第18条A款所列单据在开证银行议付贷款。上述信用证有效期将在装船后15天截止。 13.其它条件：除非经买方同意和接受，本合同其它一切有关事项均按第二部分交货条款之规定办理，该交货条款为本合同不可分的部分，本合同如有任何附加条款将自动地优先执行附加条款，如附加条款与本合同条款有抵触，则以附加条款为准。 「章名」 第二部分 「章名」 14.FOB/FAS条件 14.1.本合同项下货物的装运舱位由买方或买方的运输代理人＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿租订。 14.2.在FOB条件下，卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期装上买方所指定的船只。 14.3.在FAS条件下，卖方应负责将所订货物在本合同第8条所规定的装船期内按买方所通知的任何日期交到买方所指定船只的吊杆下。 14.4.货物装运日前10－15天，买方应以电报或电传通知卖方合同号、船只预计到港日期、装运数量及船运代理人的名称。以便卖方经与该船运代理人联系及安排货物的装运。卖方应将联系结果通过电报或电传及时报告买方。如买方因故需要变更船只或者船只比预先通知卖方的日期提前或推迟到达装运港口，买方或其船运代理人应及时通知卖方。卖方亦应与买方的运输代理或买方保持密切联系。 14.5.如买方所订船只到达装运港后，卖方不能在买方所通知的装船时间内将货物装上船只或将货物交到吊杆之下，卖方应负担买方的一切费用和损失，如空舱费、滞期费及由此而引起的及/或遭受的买方的一切损失。 14.6.如船只撤换或延期或退关等而未及时通知卖方停止交货，在装港发生的栈租及保险费损失的计算，应以代理通知之装船日期（如货物晚于代理通知之装船日期抵达装港，应以货物抵港日期）为准，在港口免费堆存期满后第十六天起由买方负担，人力不可抗拒的情况除外。上述费用均凭原始单据经买方核实后支付。但卖方仍应在装载货船到达装港后立即将货物装船，交负担费用及风险。 「章名」 15.C＆F条件 15.1.卖方在本合同第8条规定的时间之内应将货物装上由装运港到中国口岸的直达船。未经买方事先许可，不得转船。货物不得由悬挂中国港口当局所不能接受的国家旗帜的船装载。 15.2.卖方所租船只应适航和适货。卖方租船时应慎重和认真地选择承运人及船只。买方不接受非保赔协会成员的船只。 15.3.卖方所租载货船只应在正常合理时间内驶达目的港。不得无故绕行或迟延。 15.4.卖方所租载货船只船龄不得超过15年。对超过15年船龄的船只其超船龄额外保险费应由卖方负担。买方不接受船龄超过二十年的船只。 15.5.一次装运数量超过一千吨的货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载，卖方应在装船日前至少10天用电传或电报通知买方合同号、商品名称、数量、船名、船龄、船籍、船只主要规范、预计装货日、预计到达目的港时间、船公司名称、电传和电报挂号。 15.6.一次装运一千吨以上货载或其它少于一千吨但买方指明的货载，其船长应在该船抵达目的港前7天和24小时分别用电传或电报通知买方预计抵港时间、合同号、商品名称及数量。 15.7.如果货物由班轮装运，载货船只必须是＿＿＿＿＿＿船级社最高船级或船级协会条款规定的相同级别的船级，船只状况应保持至提单有效期终了时止，以装船日为准船龄不得超过20年。超过20年船龄的船只，卖方应负担超船龄外保险费。买方绝不接受超过25年船龄的船只。 15.8.对于散件货，如果卖方未经买方事前同意而装入集装箱，卖方应负责向买方支付赔偿金，由双方在适当时间商定具体金额。 15.9.卖方应和载运货物的船只保持密切联系，并以最快的手段通知买方船只在途中发生的一切事故，如因卖方未及时通知买方而造成买方的一切损失卖方应负责赔偿。 「章名」 16.CIF条件 在CIF条件下，除本合同第15条C＆F条件适用之外卖方负责货物的保险，但不允许有免赔率。 「章名」 17.装船通知 货物装船完毕后48小时内，卖方应即以电报或电传通知买方合同号、商品名称、所装重量（毛/净）或数量、发票价值、船名、装运口岸、开船日期及预计到达目的港时间。如因卖方未及时用电报或电传给买方以上述装船通知而使买方不能及时保险，卖方负责赔偿买方由此而引起的一切损害及/或损失。 「章名」 18.装船单据 18.A.卖方凭下列单据向付款银行议付货款： 18.A.1.填写通知目的口岸的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿运输公司的空白抬头、空白背书的全套已装运洋轮的清洁提单（如系C＆F/CIF条款则注明“运费已付”，如系FOB/FAS条款则注明“运费待收”）。 18.A.2.由信用证受益人签名出具的发票5份，注明合同号、信用证号、商品名称、详细规格及装船唛头标记。 18.A.3.两份由信用证受益人出具的装箱单及/或重量单，注明每件货物的毛重和净重及/或尺码。 18.A.4.由制造商及/或装运口岸的合格、独立的公证行签发的品质检验证书及数量或重量证书各两份，必须注明货物的全部规格与信用证规定相符。 18.A.5.本交货条件第17条规定的装船通知电报或电传副本一份。 18.A.6.证明上述单据的副本已按合同要求寄出的书信一封。 18.A.7.运货船只的国籍已经买主批准的书信一封。 18.A.8.如系卖方保险需提供投保不少于发票价值110％的一切险和战争险的保险单。 18.B.不接受影印、自动或电脑处理、或复印的任何正本单据，除非这些单据印有清晰的“正本”字样，并经发证单位授权的领导人手签证明。 18.C.联运提单、迟期提单、简式提单不能接受。 18.D.受益人指定的第三者为装船者不能接受，除非该第三者提单由装船者背书转受益人，再由受赠人背书后方可接受。 18.E.信用证开立日期之前出具的单据不能接受。 18.F.对于C＆F/CIF货载，不接受租船提单，除非受益人提供租船合同、船长或大副收据、装船命令、货物配载图及或买方在信用证内所要求提供的其它单据副本各一份。 18.G.卖方须将提单、发票及装箱单各两份副本随船带交目的口岸的买方收货代理人＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 18.H.载运货船启碇后，卖方须立即航空邮寄全套单据副本一份给买方，三份给目的口岸的对外贸易运输公司分公司。 18.I.卖方应负责赔偿买方因卖方失寄或迟寄上述单据而使买方遭受的一切损失。 18.J.中华人民共和国境外的银行费用由卖方负担。 「章名」 19.合同所订货物如用空运，则本合同有关海运的一切条款均按空运条款执行。 「章名」 20.危险品说明书 凡属危险品及/或有毒，卖方必须提供其危险或有毒性能、运输、仓储和装卸注意事项以及防治、急救、消防方法的说明书，卖方应将此项说明书各三份随同其他装船单据航空邮寄给买方及目的口岸的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿运输公司。 「章名」 21.检验和索赔 货物在目的口岸卸毕60天内（如果用集装箱装运则在开箱后60天）经中国进出口商品检验局复验，如发现品质、数量或重量以及其它任何方面与本合同规定不符，除属于保险公司或船行负责者外，买方有权凭上述检验局出具的检验证书向卖方提出退货或索赔。因退货或索赔引起的一切费用包括检验费、利息及损失均由卖方负担。在此情况下，凡货物适于抽样及寄送时如卖方要求，买方可将样品寄交卖方。 「章名」 22.赔偿费 因“人力不可抗拒”而推迟或不能交货者除外，如果卖方不能交货或不能按合同规定的条件交货，卖方应负责向买方赔偿由此而引起的一切损失和遭受的损害，包括买价及/或买价的差价、空舱费、滞期费，以及由此而引起的直接或间接损失。买方有权撤销全部或部分合同，但并不妨碍买方向卖方提出索赔的权利。 「章名」 23.赔偿例外 由于一般公认的“人力不可抗拒”原因而不能交货或延迟交货，卖方或买方都不负责任。但卖方应在事故发生后立即用电报或电传告买方并在事故发生后15天内航空邮寄买方灾害发生地点之有关政府机关或商会所出具的证明，证实灾害存在。如果上述“人力不可抗拒”继续存在60天以上，买方有权撤销合同的全部或一部。 「章名」 24.仲裁 双方同意对一切因执行和解释本合同条款所发生的争议，努力通过友好协商解决。在争议发生之日起一个合理的时间内，最多不超过90天，协商不能取得对买卖双方都满意的结果时，如买方决定不向他认为合适的有管辖权的法院提出诉讼，则该争议应提交仲裁。除双方另有协议，仲裁应在中国北京举行，并按中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会所制订的仲裁规则和程序进行仲裁，该仲裁为终局裁决，对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用除非另有决定，由败诉一方负担。 卖方： 买方： 「名称」 1. PURCHASE CONTRACT 「题注」 「章名」 Whole Doc. Contract No： Date： The Buyer： The Seller： The Contract， made out， in Chinese and English， both version being equally authentic， by and between the Seller and the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to terms and conditions set forth hereinafter as follows： 「章名」 SECTION 1 1 Name of Commodity and specification 2 Country of Origin & Manufacturer 3 Unit Price （packing charges included） 4 Quantity 5 Total Value 6 Packing （seaworthy） 7 Insurance （to be covered by the Buyer unless otherwise） 8 Time of Shipment 9 Port of Loading 10 Port of Destination mark shown as below in addition to the port of destination， package number， gross and net weights， measurements and other marks as the Buyer may require stencilled or marked conspicuously with fast and unfailing pigments on each package. In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo （es）， the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package. 12 Terms of Payment： One month prior to the time of shipment the Buyer shall open with the Bank of _______an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favour of the Seller payable at the issuing bank against presentation of documents as stipulated under Clause 18. A. of SECTION II， the Terms of Delivery of this Contract after departure of the carrying vessel. The said Letter of Credit shall remain in force till the 15th day after shipment. 13 Other Terms： Unless otherwise agreed and accepted by the Buyer， all other matters related to this contract shall be governed by Section II， the Terms of Delivery which shall form an integral part of this Contract. Any supplementary terms and conditions that may be attached to this Contract shall automatically prevail over the terms and conditions of this Contract if such supplementary terms and conditions come in conflict with terms and conditions herein and shall be binding upon both parties. FOR THE SELLER FOR THE BUYER 「章名」 SECTION 2 「章名」 14 FOB/FAS TERMS 14.1 The shipping space for the contracted goods shall be booked by the Buyer or the Buyer‘s shipping agent __________. 14.2 Under FOB terms， the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer， within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract. 14.3 Under FAS terms， the Seller shall undertake to deliver the contracted goods under the tackle of the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer， within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract. 14.4 10-15 days prior to the date of shipment， the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number， name of vessel， ETA of vessel， quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent， so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods. The Seller shall advise by cable or telex in time the Buyer of the result thereof. Should， for certain reasons， it become necessary for the Buyer to replace the named vessel with another one， or should the named vessel arrive at the port of shipment earlier or later than the date of arrival as previously notified to the Seller， the Buyer or its shipping agent shall advise the Seller to this effect in due time. The Seller shall also keep in close contact with the agent or the Buyer. 14.5 Should the Seller fail to load the goods on board or to deliver the goods under the tackle of the vessel booked by the Buyer. Within the time as notified by the Buyer， after its arrival at the port of shipment the Seller shall be fully liable to the Buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight， demurrage. Consequential losses incurred upon and/or suffered by the Buyer. 14.6 Should the vessel be withdrawn or replaced or delayed eventually or the cargo be shutout etc.， and the Seller be not informed in good time to stop delivery of the cargo， the calculation of the loss in storage expenses and insurance premium thus sustained at the loading port shall be based on the loading date notified by the agent to the Seller （or based on the date of the arrival of the cargo at the loading port in case the cargo should arrive there later than the notified loading date）。 The abovementioned loss to be calculated from the 16th day after expiry of the free storage time at the port should be borne by the Buyer with the exception of Force Majeure. However， the Seller shall still undertake to load the cargo immediately upon the carrying vessel‘s arrival at the loading port at its own risk and expenses. The payment of the afore-said expenses shall be effected against presentation of the original vouchers after the Buyer’s verification. 「章名」 15 C&F Terms 15.1 The Seller shall ship the goods within the time as stipulated in clause 8 of this Contract by a direct vessel sailing from the port of loading to China port. Transhipment on route is not allowed without the Buyer‘s prior consent. The goods shall not be carried by vessels flying flags of countries not acceptable to the Port Authorities of China. 15.2 The carrying vessel chartered by the Seller shall be seaworthy and cargoworthy. The Seller shall be obliged to act prudently and conscientiously when selecting the vessel and the carrier when chartering such vessel. The Buyer is justified in not accepting vessels chartered by the Seller that are not members of the PICLUB. 15.3 The carrying vessel chartered by the Seller shall sail and arrive at the port of destination within the normal and reasonable period of time. Any unreasonable aviation or delay is not allowed. 15.4 The age of the carrying vessel chartered by the Seller shall not exceed 15 years. In case her age exceeds 15 years， the extra average insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the Seller. Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer. 15.5 For cargo lots over 1，000 M/T each， or any other lots less than 1，000 metric tons but identified by the Buyer， the Seller shall， at least 10 days prior to the date of shipment， inform the Buyer by telex or cable of the following information： the contract number， the name of commodity， quantity， the name of the carrying vessel， the age， nationality， and particulars of the carrying vessel， the expected date of loading， the expected time of arrival at the port of destination， the name， telex and cable address of the carrier. 15.6 For cargo lots over 1，000 M/T each， or any other lots less than 1，000 metric tons but identified by the Buyer， the Master of the carrying vessel shall notify the Buyer respectively 7 （seven） days and 24 （twenty-four） hours prior to the arrival of the vessel at the port of destination， by telex or cable about its ETA （expected time of arrival）， contract number， the name of commodity， and quantity. 15.7 If goods are to be shipped per liner vessel under liner Bill of Lading， the carrying vessel must be classified as the highest ____________ or equivalent class as per the Institute Classification Clause and shall be so maintained throughout the duration of the relevant Bill of Lading. Nevertheless， the maximum age of the vessel shall not exceed 20 years at the date of loading. The seller shall bear the average insurance premium for liner vessel older than 20 years. Under no circum -stances shall the Buyer accept vessel over 25 years of age. 15.8 For break bulk cargoes， if goods are shipped in containers by the Seller without prior consent of the Buyer， a compensation of a certain amount to be agreed upon by both parties shall be payable to the Buyer by the Seller. 15.9 The Seller shall maintain close contact with the carrying vessel and shall notify the Buyer by fastest means of communication about any and all accidents that may occur while the carrying vessel is on route. The Seller shall assume full responsibility and shall compensate the Buyer for all losses incurred for its failure to give timely advice or notification to the Buyer. 「章名」 16 CIF Terms： Under CIF terms， besides Clause 15 C&F Terms of this contract which shall be applied the Seller shall be responsible for covering the cargo with relevant insurance with irrespective percentage. 「章名」 17 Advice of Shipment： Within 48 hours immediately after completion of loading of goods on board the vessel the Seller shall advise the Buyer by cable or telex of the contract number， the name of goods， weight （net/gross） or quantity loaded， invoice value， name of vessel， port of loading， sailing date and expected time of arrival （ETA） at the port of destination. Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Seller‘s failure to give the above mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex， the Seller shall be held responsible for any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure. 「章名」 18 Shipping Documents 18.A The Seller shall present the following documents to the paying bank for negotiation of payment： 18.A.1 Full set of clean on board， “freight prepaid” for C&F/CIF Terms or “Freight to collect” for FOB/FAS Terms， Ocean Bills of Lading， made out to order and blank endorsed， notifying ___________at the port of destination. 18.A.2 Five copies of signed invoice， indicating contract number， L/C number， name of commodity， full specifications， and shipping mark， signed and issued by the Beneficiary of Letter of Credit. 18.A.3 Two copies of packing list and/or weight memo with indication of gross and net weight of each package and/or measurements issued by beneficiary of Letter of Credit. 18.A.4 Two copies each of the certificates of quality and quantity or weight issued by the manufacturer and/or a qualified independent surveyor at the loading port and must indicate full specifications of goods conforming to stipulations in Letter of Credit. 18.A.5 One duplicate copy of the cable or telex advice of shipment as stipulated in Clause 17 of the Terms of Delivery. 18.A.6 A letter attesting that extra copies of abovementioned documents have been dispatched according to the Contract. 18.A.7 A letter attesting that the nationality of the carrying vessel has been approved by the Buyer. 18.A.8 The relevant insurance policy covering， but not limited to at least 110% of the invoice value against all and war risks if the insurance is covered by the Buyer. 18.B Any original document（s） made by rephotographic system， automated or computerized system or carbon copies shall not be acceptable unless they are clearly marked as “ORIGINAL.” and certified with signatures in hand writing by authorised officers of the issuing company or corporation. 18.C Through Bill of Lading， Stale Bill of Lading， Short Form Bill of Lading， shall not be acceptable. 18.D Third Party appointed by the Beneficiary as shipper shall not be acceptable unless such Third Party Bill of Lading is made out to the order of shipper and endorsed to the Beneficiary and blank endorsed by the Beneficiary. 18.E Documents issued earlier than the opening date of Letter of Credit shall not be acceptable. 18.F In the case of C&F/CIF shipments， Charter Party Bill of Lading shall not be acceptable unless Beneficiary provides one copy each of the Charter Party， Master‘s of Mate’s receipt， shipping order and cargo or stowage plan and/or other documents called for in the Letter of Credit by the Buyer. 18.G The seller shall dispatch， in care of the carrying vessel， two copies each of the duplicates of Bill of Lading. Invoice and Packing List to the Buyer‘s receiving agent， _______________at the port of destination. 18.H Immediately after the departure of the carrying vessel， the Seller shall airmail one set of the duplicate documents to the Buyer and three sets of the same to ______________________________ Transportation Corporation at the port of destination. 18.I The Seller shall assume full responsibility and be liable to the Buyer and shall compensate the Buyer for all losses arising from going astray of and/or the delay in the dispatch of the above mentioned documents. 18.J Banking charges outside the People‘s Republic of China shall be for the Seller’s account. 「章名」 19 If the goods under this Contract are to be dispatched by air， all the terms and conditions of this Contract in connection with ocean transportation shall be governed by relevant air terms. 「章名」 20 Instruction leaflets on dangerous cargo： For dangerous and/or poisonous cargo， the Seller must provide instruction leaflets stating the hazardous or poisonous properties， transportation， storage and handling remarks， as well as precautionary and first-air measures and measures against fire. The Seller shall airmail， together with other shipping documents， three copies each of the same to the Buyer and___________________ Transportation Corporation at the port of destination. 「章名」 21 Inspection & claims： In case the quality， quantity or weight of the goods be found not in conformity with those as stipulated in this Contract upon re-inspection by the China Commodity Import and Export inspection Bureau within 60 days after completion of the discharge of the goods at the port of destination or， if goods are shipped in containers， 60 days after the opening of such containers， the Buyer shall have the right to request the Seller to take back the goods or lodge claims against the Seller for compensation for losses upon the strength of the Inspection Certificate issued by the said Bureau， with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or owners of the carrying vessel are liable， all expenses including but not limited to inspection fees， interest， losses arising from the return of the goods or claims shall be borne by the Seller. In such a case， the Buyer may， if so requested， send a sample of the goods in question to the Seller， provided that sampling and sending of such sample is feasible. 「章名」 22 Damages： With the exception of late delivery or non-delivery due to “Force Majeure” causes， if the Seller fails to make delivery of the goods in accordance with the terms and conditions， jointly or severally， of this Contract， the Seller shall be liable to the Buyer and indemnify the Buyer for all losses， damages， including but not limited to， purchase price and/or purchase price differentials， deadfreight， demurrage， and all consequential direct or indirect losses. The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer‘s right to claim compensations. 「章名」 23 Force Majeure： Neither the Seller or the Buyer shall be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery owing to generally recognized “Force Majeure”causes. However in such a case， the Seller shall immediately advise by cable or telex the Buyer of the accident and airmail to the Buyer within 15 days after the accident， a certificate of the accident issued by the competent government authority or the chamber of commerce which is located at the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof. If the said “Force Majeure” cause lasts over 60 days， the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the whole or the undelivered part of the order for the goods as stipulated in Contract. 「章名」 24 Arbitration： Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder， through amicable negotiation. If a dispute cannot be resolved in this manner to the satisfaction of the Seller and the Buyer within a reasonable period of time， maximum not exceeding 90 days after the date of the notification of such dispute， the case under dispute shall be submitted to arbitration if the Buyer should decide not to take the case to court at a place of jurisdiction that the Buyer may deem appropriate. Unless otherwise agreed upon by both parties， such arbitration shall be held in ________， and shall be governed by the rules and procedures of arbitration stipulated by the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. The decision by such arbitration shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties. The arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded.

一个公司团队管理的最小单位是员工，一个公司团队管理最大的财产也是员工。事在人为，一个部门士气的高低，直接影响了该部门的绩效。因而，员工的士气也是衡量部门绩效的主要指标之一。而公司团队管理的绩效，主要有两个方面：一是工作的积极性与主动性，二是员工的流动率。公司团队管理没有哪个部门不关心员工流动率这一问题的。那么，员工为什么要走?

员工之所以要走，最大的原因只有一个，那就是“不公平感”。所谓的不公平可分为以下几种情况。一是收入方面的不公平。如部门内部比，感觉自己做的事与别人一样，可自己的收入比别人低;与别的部门比，感觉同样的岗位，收入比别人低;与别的公司比，感觉待遇不如别人。二是工作职能上的不公平。如在公司团队管理各方面都差不多的人中挑选一个人培养或任用，其他人便会觉得不公平。三是在业绩评价上的不公平，自我感觉良好，却被评了B级或C级，感觉对方明明不如自己，等级反而在自己之上。凡此等等，不一而足。为什么会出现这样的情况呢?

这是因为每个人都有自己的一套评价体系，即所谓的“人人心中都有一杆称”。每个人都会用自己的尺度去衡量他所受到的待遇是否公平。而每杆称的准星都不一致，可能在主管看来已经很公平合理的方案，到了不同的当事人看来便一无是处。所以，往往是主管很想做包青天，最终却四面楚歌，很是尴尬。这其实也不难解释。

公司团队管理一、主管与下属掌握的信息量不一样。作为主管，接触的范围广，能掌握绝大多数下属的信息，并从中作分析比较。而作为下属，接触面相对较狭隘，仅能作非常有限的比对。

公司团队管理二、主管与下属的出发点不一样。作为主管，要从部门的全局出发，考虑整体的协调。而下属则更多地是从自身的角度考虑问题。

公司团队管理三、比对的基准不固定。在潜意识里，人都有趋利避害的本能，一般都会有意无意地拿自己的强项与别人的弱项去比，从而将自己的优点不断扩大，同时将对方的缺点也不断扩大。

一旦员工感觉到不公平，一般不会马上说出来，而是将这种忿恨压在心里，并在“疑邻偷斧”的心理作用下不断累积和扩大，最终只有两个后果：一是消极怠工，二是卷铺盖走人。可见，“不公平感”的累积和蔓延对部门的破坏性非常之大。那么，如何解决这一问题呢?

首先、要让大家都用同一杆称去衡量，即将标准统一化，公开化，透明化，并设法让全体员工掌握和认同。只有采用同样的标准去衡量，才能从源头上保证公平。而要使标准统一化，则要广泛地征求成员的意见，并使用科学统计的方法成形。

其次、标准一旦确立，就必须不折不扣地执行。

再次、一旦出现员工自感不公平的迹象，要及时采取措施消除影响。坏情绪具有极强的感染性，一旦有员工感到不公平，为了寻求心理上的平衡，便会四处找人倾诉，负面的情绪便会蔓延开来。这时候，管理者要通过与当事人的沟通，动之以情，晓之以理，作深入的分析使，之接受自己的意见。同时，采用会议或发文等形式作适当的解释。

此外、加强对员工价值观的培育。作为主管，要给下属客观地分析当前的现状并作思维上的引导。一个主管若能使下面员工的想法与自己的想法一致，那也就不存在所谓的不公平了。

其实，从辨证学的角度出发，公司团队管理不公平是绝对的，公平是相对的。整个社会的发展也就是由不公平到追求公平的奋斗史。到目前为止，无论是从整个社会的宏观上讲，还是从公司团队管理部门的局部上讲，没有一个层面能够做到完全的公平。所以，一方面，我们要尽量地追求公平，另一方面，也不能苛求公司团队管理绝对的公平，要允许“合理的不公平”的存在。

Good morning/afternoon, my name is yanghaiyan ,you can call me yanzi. I like the feeling flying in the sky like a swallow.

It is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today.

Now i will introduce myself briefly.i am 20 years old,born in shandong province.i grow up in a sweet family,composed of my dad,mom,brother and

Myself.i am an optimistic and confident girl.i have full confidence in a bright future,and i believe i can do well in caac.punctuality and diligence are crucial to most future careers,i will try my best. altough i just graduated from school, i have confidence to venture my funture.

Scoaring in the sky as an airhostess has been a dream for me since childhood.this is why im longing for a job on a plane, and this is why im standing here for this interview.i hope my application will be granted ,so that i will delive my best servies throughout the world as a airhostess member of caac and my dream can come ture.

Thats all.nice talking to you .thanks.

发展对象答辩活动总结

为了使发展对象端正态度，进一步提高自身的修养，增强党组织工作的透明度，让其成为一个合格的共产主义接班人做好充分的准备。XX年4月23日晚上，我班发展对象的答辩活动在13教520举行。本次发展对象答辩有8名发展对象，其中有邓娇玲、方敏、邱丽、胡波、郭思禹、党政、但汉骞（以上都在计划内）参加了答辩，陈启来同学没有参与本次答辩，入党积极分子朱玲群同学作为入党积极分子（不在计划内）积极参加了答辩。主要的评委为本班的党员、预备党员及班上班干部或宿舍长。

本次答辩按照一定的答辩程序进行，主持人宣布答辩会开始，对会议做出几点要求，然后又答辩对象依次上台进行自己各方面情况的汇报，评委根据发展对象的汇报情况依次评分，会议最后有评委做会议总结，会议结束。

参加答辩的同学按照答辩要求，详细介绍了自己在思想认识、学习、活动（社团）、工作及入党动机，充分展现了自己。发展对象也积极的表明了入党的动机和坚定的立场，评委也能够根据个人对发展对象的汇报情况对发展对象提出建议或指导性建议，也积极地帮助发展对象了解自己本身的不足，同时评委也就社会的时政热点积极提出问题，能够深层次反映发展对象思想方面的思考。

对于该答辩会，总得来说是非常顺利的，我要做的总结主要是从两个方面开始：

首先，我来谈一下这个答辩会议的优点。答辩会议还是比较轻松自在的。可能也是由于基本上都是本班同学，没有外人在的紧张情绪。同时，评委的提问能够从每个人的实际出发，从生活、学习、工作等多方面来提问，能全面反映发展对象的思想水平。我们班的发展对象及入党积极分子也是相当优秀的。虽然大三的活动比较少，但大一、大二的经历也是相当丰富的。每个人都谈了自己的看法，很多同学在答辩过程中讲出了哲学的味道，也是相当厉害的。而且，更加难能可贵的是发展对象的态度都是非常诚恳的，对待本次答辩都做了非常充足的准备，而且都是抱有来学习的态度来参加本次会议，虚心接受评委们提出的要求，也能反思认识到自身的不足，单单从这点出发的话，我想，这次会议也是非常成功的。

每个会议都不可能是十全十美的，其中答辩会所存在的问题。虽然答辩氛围比较轻松，但大家还是比较沉闷的。还有，对发展对象而言，很多同学说话比较散漫，很难简明扼要、重点突出。但在回答问题上，虽很简明但很难回答到重点，没有重点内容来辅助该观点，这样的情况也是非常常见的。

但总体而言还是相当成功的。出现的问题，也希望大家能够及时注意，留给自己一个中肯的评价，对自己的未来还是很有帮助的。本次答辩会让发展对象在一定程度上对党有了深刻的认识，有利于加强对发展对象的党性教育，有利于党组织全面真实地考察发展对象，更好地接受群众的监督。

管理学院人力支部公管党小组

XX年4月24日

国际专利许可合同(附英文译本)

9.8 如因乙原因，产品部分性能指标没能达到合同产品的规定时，机具体情况，乙方须按合同总价_________％予以赔偿，但是，若因甲方原因产品没能达到性能指标时，甲方应按合同规定支付金部金额。

第十条 保密

10.1 乙方根据本协议所提供的一切图纸、设计、说明书及其他技术资料，甲方均须严格保密；未得到乙方的书面同意，不得以任何方式出售、转让或泄露给任何人，但不包括甲方为生产合同而使用技术资料的雇员。但是，甲方可以向分包合同人提供生产合同产品部件所必须的技术资料，分包人须书面保证对其所得到产技术资料承担严格的保密义务。

10.2 若上述技术资料由乙方或任何第三方部分或全部公开，则甲方对已公开的技术不再承担保密义务。

10.3 本合同终止后，甲方有权使用乙方所提供的专利，即甲方可以继续设计、制造、使用、销售和出口合同产品。

第十一条 侵权

11.1 乙方保证，它是依本合同条款转让给甲方的专利权的合法所有人，在法律上享有向甲方转让专利权的权利。若发生侵犯任何第三者权利的事件，则乙方应对侵权事件负责，并承担由此而产生的全部法律和经济责任。

11.2 本合同附件一列明乙方关于合同产品的专利和专利申清。合同生效后一个月内，乙方将向甲方提供2份专利证书和专利申请的影印本。

第十二条 税费

12.1 凡因履行本合同而发生在甲方国家以外的一切税费，均由乙方负担。

12.2 乙方因履行本合同而在中国境内获得的收入，必须按中国税法纳税。

第十三条 不可抗力

13.1 签约的任何一方，由于战争、严重水灾、火灾、台风、地震以及双方同意的其他不可抗力事故而无法按期执行合同时，则可延长合同的期限，延长期相当于事故所影响的时间。

13.2 受影响的一方应尽快将发生不可抗力事故的情况以电传或电报通知对方，并于此天内以航空挂号邮件将有关当局出具的证明文件提交另一方确认。

13.3 如不可抗力事故延续到120天以上，双方应通过友好协商尽快解决合同继续执行的问题。

第十四条 仲裁

14.1 因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如经协商仍达不成协议时，则应提交仲裁解决。

14.2 仲裁将在_________进行，由_________仲裁院根据该院的章程进行仲裁。

14.3 仲裁的裁决是终局的，对双方均具有约束力。

14.4 仲裁费用由败诉方负担。

14.5 若仲裁的内容是合同的部分条款，合同的其他条款在仲裁期间应继续执行。

第十五条 适用法律

本合同的解释和执行以中华人民共和国的法律为依据。

第十六条 合同有效期

16.1 .本合同由双方代表于_________年_________月_________日签，合同签订后，由各方分别向本公司管理机构或本国政府当局申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为合同生效日期。双方应尽力在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用邮件确认。若本合同自签字之日起6个月仍不能生效。双方均有权解除合同。

16.2 .本合同效期十年，期满时自动失效。

16.3 .本合同期满时，双方发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务。 本合同有中、英两种文本。当对其中条款的解释产生异议时，以中文本为准。

共13页，当前第4页12345678910111213

Dear Mr.______

Please accept my resignation as associate chemist at the GERT Institute. I plan to leave my job here on September 30, 19–, taking a few days of annual leave just prior to that effective date.

As you know, my primary interest has been in the oil and gas industry. Therefore, I’ve accepted a position with Fury Refining, Inc., that should put me back in touch with my “first love.”

Although I’m eager to accept the challenges in this new position, I reGREt leaving the institute. You and the organization as a whole have treated me very well over the past three years. I won’t forget the friendship and professional growth I’ve experienced as an employee here.

Best wishes to all of you for years of expansion here.

Sincerely,

competitive selection draft

hello everyone! my name is , graduated from shanxi province department of tourism vocational college of hotel management, i am glad i can stand here, first of all like to thank the hotel has given me the training themselves, show themselves to enhance themselves and improve their own opportunities.

this time i want to competition for jobs is the ceremonial head, i believe that good communication and relying on their own critical thinking skills, as well as a wealth of professional knowledge and skilled expertise. i will be able to qualified for the job. therefore, i sincerely hope that the leadership of hotels you can give me an opportunity to exercise their own time to enrich their own opportunities! although i do not have a glorious past, but i will seize the present and future, and work hard for the hotel construction and contribute to the development.

大家好!我叫，毕业于山西省旅游职业学院酒店管理系，很高兴今天我能站在这里，首先，要感谢酒店给予我这次锻炼自己、展示自己、提升自己、完善自己的机会。这次我要竞聘的职位是礼仪主管，我相信依靠自己善于沟通和严谨的思考能力以及丰富的专业知识和熟练的专业技能。我一定能够胜任这份工作。因此我真诚的希望酒店各位领导能给我一次机会，一次锻炼自己、丰富自己的机会!虽然我没有辉煌的过去，但是我会把握住现在和将来，努力工作，为酒店建设和发展做出贡献。

i am from a communist party official community members， i call . on december 12th to join the chinese communist party， and in on dec. 15 in july， will achieve becomes smooth finish school joins district branch organization of this glorious. during the period of school i studied the financial accounting major， and the students management organization， in their constant efforts become an excellent student body president. in his work， the first learned to work， a good leader should have excellent work unceasingly， will have good interpersonal relationship. learn financial， enlightened life. ， let me understand the professional study， to be one step a footprint， the collapse of tashi. now that im graduating from college， but walked into the classroom society， i knew i have many insufficient place， so after learning， i will like to sit in the senior leaders， learn a lot. in order to progress to the community， in order to reflect the progress， the streets of advanced nature of the communist party of china， let us work together!

how are you， i call .this year is 22 years old.graduate from college.the profession is a calculator multimedia.i am one is bright， optimism， there is the person of responsibility.a fondness for plays basketball， computer， listen to music， etc..thankful your company gives me this the opportunity of the personal interview!

你好，我叫。今年22岁。毕业于x学院。专业是计算机多媒体。我是一个开朗，乐观，有责任心的人。爱好打篮球，电脑，听音乐，等。感谢贵公司给我这次面试的机会!