明显陵英文导游词热门20篇

Lying at the center of Beijing， the Forbidden City， called Gu Gong， in Chinese， was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum， it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate， to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)， which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section， or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section， or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court， fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987， the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

Construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan， a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However， there is one exception. Wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

Nowadays， the Forbidden City， or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游__。

恭王府花园为位于恭王府后的一独具特色的花园，又名萃锦园，位于柳荫街甲14号，建于1777年，据考证是在明代旧园上重修的。全园占地面积2.8万平方米，有古建筑31处。恭亲王为重建花园调集百名能工巧匠，增置山石林木，彩画斑斓，融江南园林艺术与北方建筑格局为一体，汇西洋建筑及中国古典园林建筑为一园，建成后曾为京师百座王府之冠，是北京现存王府园林艺术的精华所在，堪称"什刹海的明珠"。其中园中的西洋门、御书"福"字碑、室内大戏楼并称恭王府"三绝"。某些红学家认为此园可能是曹雪芹笔下《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

王府是北京规模最大、保存最完整的清代王府，位于什刹海西北角，前海西街17号，现为全国重点文物保护单位。恭王府始建于十八世纪末，早期为乾隆年间大学士和珅宅第，嘉庆四年(公元1799年)和珅获罪，宅第被没收赐与庆郡王，咸丰元年(公元1851年)改赐给恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕?。

清代王府有严格的规制，规定亲王府有大门五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿，形成多进四合院，不少府邸有后花园。但许多王府经历沧桑，早已面目全非，只有恭王府是北京现存最完整、布置最精的一座清代王府。著名学者侯仁之先生称之为"一座恭王府，半部清代史"。

恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路，是世界最大的四合院。中路的三座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长一百六十米，有四十余间房屋。东路和西路各有三个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，二十多个景区各不相同。

恭王府花园在造园手法上既有中轴线，也有对称手法。全园分为中路、东路、西路三路，成多个院落。中轴上依次是园门、飞来峰、蝠池、安善堂、方池、假山、邀月台、绿天小隐、蝠厅。中路建筑和山水基本对称，东、西两路只是山体对称，建筑不对称。整个园林由六条山龙围合:南面、东面、西面各有两山，中路后部有一山为中龙。

Little meng thanks everybodys all the way support to my job andunderstands that also in here.

Hope that everybody gets chance to come to Dalian again, small Meng and mylocation (所在)__ travel service will be that you provide (提供)the service usingmore well.

Wish everybodys returning journey all smooth God-speed finally!

大家好，我叫吴沛城。很荣幸为大家服务，希望通过我对大家的服务，能给你们的旅途带来欢乐。

今天我们参观圆明园，圆明园位于北京市西郊，海淀区东部。原为清代一座大型皇家御苑，占地约5200亩，平面布置呈倒置的品字形。圆明园由圆明、长春、绮春三圆组成，总面积达350公顷。我们的车已经来到了圆明园，请大家下车参观，注意事项有：不得乱丢垃圾、不能用小刀刻画。

看着眼前断壁残垣的圆明园，你能想到它辉煌的过去吗?昔日的圆明园是一座举世闻名的皇家园林，从康熙到咸丰6个皇帝每年总有三四个月在此居住。圆中有金碧辉煌的殿堂，玲珑剔透的亭台楼阁，许多景物都是仿造各地名胜建造的。漫步圆中，你不仅可以看见民族建筑，还能看见西洋景观，仿佛置身于梦境里。这里不但建筑宏伟，还收藏着最珍贵的历史文物，上自先秦时代的青铜器，下至唐、宋、元、明、清历代的名人书画和各种奇珍异宝。所以当时它被称为世界上最大的博物馆和艺术馆。但是1860年10月6日，英法联军入侵北京，闯进圆明园。他们不但掠夺，还肆意破坏，为了销毁罪证他们还放火烧了三天三夜，烟雾笼罩了整个北京城。这座皇家园林就这样化为灰烬。

做为一名中国人，我们一定要铭记这段屈辱的历史，我相信终有一天我们会让圆明园恢复本来的面貌。

Dear visitors, today we will visit the emperor worship was formerly place - the temple of heaven.

Ming yongle emperor after moved in Beijing enterprise of Beijing, the big site modeled nanjing is established for this role in praying to alter, covers an area of reached 273 million square meters. Lord architecture is big, is also the site of QiNianDian position today. The temple of heaven has outer wall and the altar, the north is round compound has wall, the south is square, take meaning nature round place. In the beginning, heaven and offering ground is the temple of heaven, until the jiajing years in beicheng built ditan, just separate, and new MengDong HuanQiu altar, for the original big praying to the site, and great temple, instead, when MengChun specially for the mega garden just house roof was three double-hipped roof, from top to bottom blue and yellow green colors representing the earthen universe. And in qianlong multiplied, instead of the house, and now QiNianDian with roof tiles blue glazed tile. Thus formed today what we see of the worlds largest ceremonial buildings.

But such a praying to the holy land, but also once was in the anglo-french allied in 1860, then the looted in 1900 was again the ravages of g8 coalition. In 1916 the reign of yuan shikai once also in the temple of heaven has played a ceremonial farce. In 1918, the temple of heaven park end up with open. After the liberation tiantan not only become the famous tourist attractions, and still part of the Beijing urban green space, come here not only is the tourists, also have some specifically for the old people vti).

Now lets put the altar along the route that the emperor start the tour.

re going to see is HuanQiu altar of ancient emperor worship. There are two ways HuanQiu surrounded wall, make foreign inside the circle, accord with that nature round place. Every wall all have four groups lingxingmeng, from east ordinal it is tai yuan, zhao heng, GuangLi, ChengZhen, each group sanmen, a total of 24 seats, called "cloud gate jade". You can notice, lingxingmeng size are different, this is because in door is god dedicated, so tall; Only from the door of the emperor into; But other officials can only from the right side of the door through the smallest. And the same platform is emperor ceremonies in worship before replacement offering clothing and wash ones hands and face with local, called served Chinese Taiwan. Came to HuanQiu altar, well start next put altar, but I please pay attention to each layer of how many steps square. To top it all, we also found, the altar all steps number, guard board number are nine or multiples of nine. Every board a layer, have 9 steps, mesa tablets of stone, called pure among the first lap the periphery of nine laps huge brick slab, the second lap fan 18 blocks, and so on, to most outside the 9th lap is just 81 block; And everybody looked can see enclosure panels were all steps is divided into four parts, each part also has nine pieces, while middle-level enclosure panel is 18 blocks, lower is 27 pieces, these arent all be coincidence? Of course not, because according to the Yin yang-five elements, it is extremely Yang number nine, so ancient craftsman will use this digital to give HuanQiu sets the noble thoughts.

亲爱的游客朋友们你们好!我是你们这次旅行的导游小导。今天就由我为大家提供服务，大家如果有什么要求可尽管提出来，我会竭诚为您解决。

敦煌莫高窟和洛阳龙门石窟、大同的云冈石窟并称为中国三大石窟。莫高窟的开凿比龙门石窟早128年、比云冈石窟早94年。莫高窟以它创建年代之久。建筑规模之大、壁画数量之多、塑像造型之多、保存之完整，其艺术价值之博大精深而闻名天下，享誉国内外。一年中游客接踵而来，络绎不绝，对促进文化交流，传播学说，弘扬民族艺术，进行爱国主义教育起了举足轻重的作用。

莫高窟的壁画艺术是龙门、云冈石窟所没有的，是世界上任何石窟寺所无法相比的，它是莫高窟艺术的精髓。如果所45000平方米壁画一张张连接起来将长达25公里，要把这些壁画哪放在路边的话，可以构成个从市区到莫高窟的一条长长的画廊。其规模之宏大，题材之广泛，艺术之精湛，被日本学者称之为“一大画廊”;法国学者称之为“墙壁上的图书馆”;正如一位学者看了莫高窟后感慨的说：“看了离煌石窟就等于看到了世界的古代文明”。

莫高窟俗称千佛洞，“千”这个数字在这里不指具体的数目，而是喻指很多，因为这里有许多佛教塑像、壁画的洞窟，所以俗称为“千佛洞”。莫高窟这个名称最早出现在隋代洞窟第423号洞窟题记中，其名称的由来众说纷纭，莫衷一是，大抵有三种说法：其一，是说菲高窟开凿于沙漠的高处而得名，在古汉语中“沙漠”的“漠”和“莫高窟”的“莫”是通假字;其二是说从藏经洞出土的文书和许多唐代文献都记载，唐代沙州敦煌县境内有“漠高山”、“漠高里”之称，据此考证，鸣沙山在隋唐也称漠高山，因此将石窟以附近的乡、里名称命名;其三是说在梵文里“莫高”之音是解脱的意思，“莫高”是梵文的音译。

由于敦煌自汉魏以来，是汉族和许多少数民族聚集杂居之地，各民族文化在这里交汇、融合;敦煌又是西出西域，东入中原的咽喉要道，自古以来，人们笃信佛教，地方的官使吏、豪门贵族、善男信女以及贫苦的老百姓都拿出银两来开窟、造像、绘画作为自己的家庙来供养佛和菩萨;来往于丝绸古道的商人、使者、僧侣等为了祈佑自己能平安突起塔克拉玛干大沙漠，或取福佑，死后进入天国的投资。于是在鸣沙山的崖壁上，大大小小的窟龛不断涌现。

大家看前边有绿色的地主就是莫高窟，它背靠鸣沙山，面对三危峰，窟区南北全长1600多米，现存洞窟492个，洞窟大小不一，上下错落，密布崖面，每个洞窟里面都有栩栩如生的塑像，婀娜多姿的飞天，精美绝伦的壁画，构图精巧的花砖，构成了一个充满宗教氛围的佛国世界。莫高窟始建于前秦建元二年，也就是公元366年，历经北凉、北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、西夏、元等朝代，在现存的洞窟中有壁画45000多平方米，塑像2400余身，最大塑像主，30多米，最大壁画约50平方米。

这些壁画、塑像，在不同程度上反映了我国从4世纪到14世纪上下延续千年的不同时代的社会、生产、生活、交通、建筑、艺术、音乐、舞蹈、民情风俗、宗教信仰、思想变化、民族关系、中外交往等情况。在我国三大石窟中，莫高窟是开凿最早，延续时间最长，规模最大，内容最丰富的石窟群。在世界文化史上也具有珍贵的价值。有“人类文化珍藏”、“形象历史博物馆”、“世界画廊”之称。

现在和我进入洞窟参观，首先我们去参观有名有“藏经洞”。这个洞窟位于系统工程号洞窟甬道的北侧，编号为17窟，洞窟原是晚唐时期河西都僧统洪的“影窟”，有碑文载这一事实。1900年5月的一天，管理莫高窟的道士王圆录在一个偶然的机会，打开了秘百多年的“藏经洞”，这些珍贵无比的文物终于重见天日了，但是清王朝的腐败加之王圆录的愚昧，使这些珍贵的文物遭到了帝国主义分子的肆无忌惮的掠夺和盗劫。1905年沙皇俄国的奥勃鲁切夫来到莫高窟，以六包日用品为诱饵，骗取了一批文物。

1907年，英国人斯坦因，仅用数十块马蹄银，劫取了约一万多卷，同时还有佛教绣品和佛画五百多幅，现藏于大英博物馆;1908年法国人伯希和盗走文物六千多卷，现在藏于巴黎法国国立图书馆和吉美博物馆。1911年10月日本大谷光瑞探险队的吉川小一郎和桔瑞超盗走约九百余卷。直到1910年清政府才将被劫余的文物运往北京，收藏在北京图书馆。在运输途中及运到北京后不少文物被偷、损坏、遗失，是中国考古史上一次难以估量的损失。“藏经洞”发现的这些文书内容包括宗教经典和多种文字写的世欲文书，它涉及到许多学科，是研究古代宗教、政治、经济、军事、文化的重要资料，经过国内外学者几十年的研究、开拓出一门全新热门的学科--敦煌学。

Good morning, everyone.Welcome to this beautiful coastal city-Tianjin. Myname is Li Shimin. You can call me Xiao Li. It’s a great honor to be your tourguide today. On behalf of the Tianjin China International Travel Service and mycolleagues, I am very glad to extend my warm welcome to all of you here. This isour driver, Mr. Wang. He has more than 10 years of driving experience, so youcan be assured that your time on the bus will be safe and comfortable. Duringthe whole days’ travel, Mr. Wang and I will be with you to tour the beautifulsights of Tianjin Ancient Cultural Street.

Now Id like to introduce this famous street to you. This street is locatedin the Nankai District of Tianjin and was formally opened in 1986. Althoughoriginally started a business street, it has become one of the main touristattractions in Tianjin and attracts a great number of tourists every year.

Walk along the street, and you will be particularly impressed by thesplendid classical architecture in the folk style of the Qing Dynasty as well asthe hundreds of stores selling a wide variety of Chinese traditional folkhandicrafts, among which Yang Liuqing New Year Paintings and Niren Zhang PaintedSculptures are the most famous. You can buy whatever you want and taste thedelicious local Tianjin snacks.

Now you have one hour free time to enjoy yourself. I hope you will have agood time here.

Time goes by so quickly and your trip in Tianjin Ancient Cultural Stree isdrawing to a close. It’s really my pleasure to spend a pleasant andunforgettable day with all of you. On behalf of my Chinese colleagues presenthere, I wish to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt thanks to all ofyou. We thank you for your patience and friendliness, which has made our workeasier and has also enabled us to learn many things about your country andpeople. We also appreciate your cooperation and understanding, which has madethe trip a pleasure and success. Here I also express my heartfelt thanks to ourdriver, Mr. Wang for his skilled driving.

If we were unable to meet some of your expectations, we do apologize forthat. Please know that we did our best to keep all of you happy all thetime.

There goes a Chinese saying, “A friend from afar brings one boundless joy.”I hope you’ll take back happy memories of your travel in Tianjin. If you want totravel in Tianjin someday in the future I hope to be your guide again. I’ll takeyou around more tourist sites in Tianjin.

I wish you a pleasant trip to your next destination and smooth journey backto your country.

thank you.

Fairy mountain is located in chongqing three gorges tourism in wulong county wujiang river north shore double river township, 35 km away from the county seat, west fuling city, north to fengdu, 1991.7 meters above sea level. Famous scenic spot "of Chinas most beautiful cave", "underground palace", our country only as cave declared to be the worlds natural heritage attractions, furong cave. The world natural heritage site, the worlds largest natural arch group, the worlds second largest tiankeng group - tiankeng scenic spot three bridge.

Yuxiang highway (about 160 km high-speed road, drive about 2 hours) after arriving at the wulong to JiangKou Town may at his own expense to visit "Chinas most beautiful cave", "underground palace", our country only as cave declared to be the worlds natural heritage attractions, furong cave, or participate in furong jiang river speed skating. In fairy mountain area (dealership time about an hour and a half), arrived at three Qiao tiankeng scenic area, visiting the national AAAA level scenic area, the world natural heritage site, the worlds largest natural arch group, the worlds second largest tiankeng group - tiankeng scenic spot three bridge; Stay in zhang yimou film "gold armour" the only location, watch 2 million built in the tang dynasty ancient dak, feeling "three bridge between two pit" spectacular! (about 2.5 hours); After dinner, drove to fairy mountain or mid-levels, hotel, night can roast sheep at his own expense.

Fairy mountain is located in chongqing three gorges tourism in wulong county wujiang river north shore double river township, 35 km away from the county seat, west fuling city, north to fengdu, water and land transportation is very convenient. In wuling mountain, the elevation 1991.7 meters, covers an area of 350000 mu. An average elevation of 1800 meters, peak 1800 meters. Shallow hill mountain for plateau lawn, occasionally.

Hello, everyone! Im a tour guide of Disney travel company. You can call meXiaoyi. Next, Ill take you for a walk!

Please dont get separated. Ill take you to play "space flyer". Dont goup if you dare not play. This space flying car is for six people to take a car,and then enter a black hole, you will see many shining stars, and then theexciting part will come! what? Its not terrible you ask me? Its terrible! Ifyou are brave, go up! In addition, the orbit of this space flying car will move.If there is no road ahead of you, it will move to let you continue to run. Letsgo up and line up.

Now Ill take you to frog jump. This thing is made in imitation of frogs.It will jump up, go down and get up again... Finally it will fall down afterjumping. In the process of jumping, the timid can yell, so you wont be tooafraid, you have to buckle your seat belt, buckle it is very safe!

Then theres the carousel. Children can come to play, adults can of course!I dont say you all know how to play the carousel! Do not want to play there isa supermarket, you can buy water, ice cream, hats and so on. Lets go to thequeue now and start the colorful horse ride!

Look! There are many cartoon characters over there! There are Mickey Mouse,Donald Duck, Minnie and so on. They are very cute. Of course, there are manyprincesses: Snow White, sleeping beauty and so on. You can take a picture withthem and leave this happy moment!

Its 12 oclock at noon. After playing so long, are you hungry? Come tothat restaurant over there. There are a lot of delicious food here. I wontintroduce them one by one. You can start after you have a good rest.

All right, lets keep playing. There are also many games, such as: Superkangaroo, adventure roller coaster, exciting pirate ship

Hello, dear visitors by I lead you to the Palace Museum in Beijing, my name is Kong Fanlu, hope I can bring you the best service. But now I want to bring some requirements: 1. To keep your valuables; 2. If you get lost, please dont hesitate to call me dont leave. 3. Be sure to protect the environment. Ok, finished my request, please consciously abide by, thank you for your cooperation!

First of all, I give you a brief introduction, the Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, used to be called the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, the worlds largest and the most magnificent, most complete existing ancient palace. At least 580 years old. Large-scale palace, 753 meters wide from east to west, north and south 961 meters, the total area of 720xx0 square meters, a total of about ten thousand between the palace.

Dear visitors, now show in front of our eyes is the magnificence of the ancient palaces of the Forbidden City. You look at all sides is a wall, surrounded by tall gate, south is the meridian gate, north gate of creature, for DongHuaMen east, the west gate of Sherwood.

Now tell me, please go to the imperial palace the biggest palace in the taihe palace and have a look! This is the place where the emperor to hold, look over there, is in the middle of the white marble sculpture "dragon playing pearl", both sides is white marble steps; The steps on the left is a turtle, right is a crane, it is a symbol of longevity.

Ill give you introduce other house! Now we come to zhonghe palace, zhonghe palace is a place where king on his way to the hall of supreme harmony in learning etiquette and Baohe Palace? It is supported by many root red giant column, each post are engraved with a lifelike dragon, very spectacular, we take a look at the mandarin house!!!! He is the crown prince of DouShuChu in Ming dynasty. Gate of heavenly purity was the palace at at home and abroad, inside the parting of the delay, which is to the north.

Okay, end of the tour, I hope you again to watch the other scenery and wish you a happy!

天津英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the Chinese revolution will illuminate Tianjins past, present and future. Tianjin is honored as Building Museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new China, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! In the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the Jinmen Shijing (top ten scenic attractions in Tianjin).

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, the Huangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in Tianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass and Taiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three years repairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east to Wangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the Huangyaguan Water Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensive system of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes, emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arranged orderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, Beiji Temple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the first museum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly built within the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall, another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace and prosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at Guafu Tower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains for about 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are six watch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. The architectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square, round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall. Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of Qi Jiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue in order to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability in that period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yards out to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower, "Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during the construction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower to commemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels and measures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sides of the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is also famous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridge for over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying through clouds.

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La région autonome zhuang du guangxi, la mer du nord, dans la province duguangxi, au large du nord-est de l’atoll situé le plus au sud, la mer du nord dugolfe beibu, est un paysage Urbain et le climat, avec, intense. Mais un paysagelittoral subtropical, la belle ville de la ville touristique.

La mer du nord au sud de la Chine est un beau rivage, le jardin de la villese situe, quartiers résidentiels arborés de rectitude, mers, de l’?le, les c?tesparticulières et le beau soleil du nom de l’eau, des plages nette, XiGe HuaYangparois latérales, prévoyant la construction dans des zones urbaines, des zonesrésidentielles gracieux, un style vertes, la nature des dons généreux àaccrocher un beau dessin. Population urbaine naturel, culturel, KeGu culturelsdes communes, des ?ufs culturelles contrastent fortement avec la culturelocale.

La mer du nord, la lumière du soleil se subtropicales, précipitations, lavégétation luxuriant. YeLu tout au long de l’année, quatre saisons GuaGuoconsacré beaucoup compliqué. Le milieu naturel sont bien protégés dans denombreux pays du continent et les ?les c?tières naturels, bonne température desplages, Vincent paronnaud nette à flot souple, comme la capacité nette de qualité de l’eau au niveau national. L’air est la plus fra?che national dansdifférentes villes du pays, dans le niveau excellent. La Chine villes vivablesest un ?trois? (c’est -à-dire en mer du nord, zhuhai, weihai, xiamen). Un YangBaprévale est gratuit.

La mer du nord du pays qui YinTan villégiature du tourisme et propositionsXingDaoHu deux continents, le tourisme dans une optique de vacances, et le parcforestier national flots ridge national de protection des mangroves, porte lesréserves naturelles, les zones naturelles protégées, BaiLong sirène paysZhenZhuCheng, zones protégées, GePu HanDai la sépulture, trincomalee, libelvédère versants des consulats européens ciea, un grand nombre de sites,Ha?ti, lac, comme l’agriculture, la sylviculture, les montagnes, les monuments,culturel?. L’état du YinTan shelco cinq plus sur la liste. Guangxi ?paysage dunord, la mer guilin est fière YinTan?.

17 km southeast of qianshan mountain is located in anshan city, liaoning province, with a total area of 44 square kilometers, known as "the pearl of the northeast", for the national key scenic spot. He the bohai sea in the south, the north changbai, peaks, pull all wat, with peak valley show, stone cliffs, deep and remote, temple, Buddha is high, the pine is known, the number of flowers, with attractions intensive, walking king vary, exquisitely carved. Qianshan mountain changbai mountain branch, main peak is 708.3 meters tall, with a total area of 72 square kilometers. Mountain peaks, a total of 999 seats, the number of nearly thousand, so the name "qianshan mountain", also known as "product green mountain", "qian hua shan", "qian mountain", "thousand flower lotus", qianshan mountain "no peak is not strange, no stone is not impressive, no not the ancient temple, nowhere not deep and remote". Through the ages, has been attracting many tourist scenic spot in the world.

Qianshan mountain to mountain, YanSong, temple, pear flower of four big landscape. According to the natural topography is divided into northern, central, southern and western four scenic area. Including 20 small, scenic spots and 228 attractions, wind distribution within several valleys. Beautiful scenery, four seasons, is a concentration of temples, gardens Yu Yishan scenic resort. Midsummer season, the climate here is very cool, particularly pure and fresh air, to the mountains for the summer holiday is absolutely a wise choice for you.

Qianshan mountain, all the year round shapes: spring flowers over a mountain valley full of our lives; Summer heavy mountain jade green, lush; Fall overflow hill, the red sunset flying; In winter, snow mountains, xuelang constantly. Something beautiful all the year round, attract visitors to linger. Qianshan mountain not only attract tourists with its beautiful charm, more suitable for obsessed with natural scenery, loose blue yan photographer work all year round. May the qianshan mountain, pear flower blooming everywhere, pale green, flowers came refreshing. June early summer qianshan mountain, song tao, leaf shadows, like waltz on the green, give a person the sense with a harmonious and beautiful. Golden autumn in October, under the blue sky white clouds, ma everywhere golden yellow, the whole dye cream maple leaves, photography is gather the golden season of harvest. In December of qianshan mountain snow mountains are everywhere. In the wind and snow, more tall and straight pine, particularly rolling mountain. A rare cold grandeur, can make more beautiful photography creation.

Qianshan mountain, is the natural landscape and human landscape of perfect and unified, and religious culture is the main part of the qianshan mountain humanities landscape. "Over the hill had Jin Zhongxiang, into the temple WenYu furnace first". Qianshan mountain have a temple, view, palace, temple, temples, such as more than 20, as each flash of gems, set in the valley, mountain peaks show to make ancient qianshan mountain more attractive. Some of these ancient and majestic temples, towering over high mountains; Some nestled in the mountains; Some is located on the plain field; Some hidden in the Yin of the ancient pine trees and spectacular, and natural scenery foil each other, together, constitute a beautiful and elegant, quiet and moving picture. As town in qing imperial house high plug frenzy at the beginning of the qing dynasty as described in the poem: "the blessed one yu zhongtian, incense rock crystal spring tea. Xu qing xiao Lou, deep and remote lives still singing cicadas. Must lead screw peak green, loose of top like cigarettes. Temple peak as the screen, mountain temple to show." In addition to the temple, there are countless holes, towers, pavilions, tablet and qianshan mountain is an important part of the human landscape.

陵规划占地183公顷，其中陵寝部分占地52公顷，在这广阔的区域内，所有的山体、水系、林木植被都作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排。陵区后部的自然山丘为祖山，作为陵寝的依托，两侧的山体作为环护，中间台地安排建筑、九曲河婉蜒其间，前面山丘为屏山，构成前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的风水格局，体现了“陵制与山水相称”的原则。陵墓的最南端建有敕封纯德山碑亭一座，平面呈方形，亭已毁，内供汉白玉石碑一通，通高3.59米，宽1.15米，上书“纯德山”三个大字，碑座、碑身、碑文和碑额保存完好。纯德山东侧天子岗建有龙首龟蚨碑亭一座，俗称“山曲碑”亭，记载着陵区的范围及管理方面的内容。

陵寝外围建有高6米，厚1.6米，长达4730米，平面呈“金瓶”形状的外罗城。外罗城前端因池塘和东南砂山影响，依山就水建造歇山顶宫门一座，名新红门，面阔18.5米，进深8米，有券门三洞。门前有下马碑两座，上书“官员人等至此下马”。新红门右侧依原有天然池塘建有外明塘，外明塘后为三道御桥。过御桥为正红门，正红门红墙黄瓦，歇山顶式，面阔18米，进深7.8米，有券门三洞。进正红门神道正中毫立着高大的睿功圣德碑亭，平面布局为方形，面阔进深均为18.3米，占地334平方米，汉白玉台基，下设石须弥座，上为重檐歇山顶，四边各开有券门，正中立龙首龟蚨睿功圣德碑。碑亭后63米处设御桥三座。

过桥便是陵区最主要的墓饰建筑，迎面为汉白玉望柱，通高12米，下为方形须弥座，柱身为六棱形，二层束腰云盘托着圆柱形有云龙纹浮雕望柱头。望柱后排列着石像生群、计有狮子、懈貂、卧骆驼、卧象、麒麟、立马、卧马各一对;武将二对，文臣、勋臣各一对，造型生动，排列有序。其后为龙风门，作为石像生的依托，龙风门设计十分精巧，为六柱三门四楼冲天式牌楼，方柱上悬出云版，上覆莲座，莲座上各雕有一尊朝天吼、正身立火焰宝珠，石墩，坊身仿木作设额枋、花板、抱框，上额枋设有门簪，方柱前后夹有抱鼓石，影壁墙下设须弥座，上盖黄色琉璃瓦，整个龙凤门不仅洁白耀眼而且金碧辉煌。

从龙凤门再越御桥便是一条长达290米的神道，该神道一反左右对称和通直的原则，作弯曲龙行状，是为龙形神道。接龙形神道是最后三座御桥。九曲河由东北向西南蜿蜒而过，河道为砖石结构，河中根据高差建有九道拦水坝。过九曲河最后一道御桥为内明塘，内明塘为圆形，直径33米，周边砌有青石护岸。塘两边各设有碑亭一座，分别为“纯德山祭告文”碑亭和“瑞文碑”亭。内明塘后，为祾恩门，面阔三间，进深二间，建有月台，前后三出云龙丹陛，门两边有琉璃影壁，影壁正面为绿色琉璃的蟠枝图案，背面为双龙腾跃，喻意藏龙护生。祾恩门外东侧，建有神厨、神库、宰牲亭等。

西侧建有神宫监，礼生乐户直房等。祾恩门后，左右为配殿，面阔五问，进深二间，前出廊。再后为棱恩殿，歇山后抱厦宫殿式建筑，面阔五间，进深四间。前出月台，石雕须弥座台基，雕栏龙风望柱。祾恩殿后为陵寝门，面阔三间、砖石琉璃结构。陵寝门后为二柱门，现仅存石柱，蹲龙战鼓，木构无存。二柱门后为石五供，现存供案和部分石雕供器。供案两侧各有碑亭一座，分别为御赐祭文碑亭和御赐谥册志文碑亭。供案后是方城明楼，方城面阔、进深皆为22.2米，设券门一道，门前有御道踏跺。门后左右设有御道台阶以供上下。方城上建有明楼，面阔、进深均为17米，重檐歇山顶，石须弥座基础，四道券门。内供“大明睿宗献皇帝之陵”圣号碑，通高4.69米。

方城后左右连接着前后宝城，前宝城呈椭圆形，东西宽112米，南北长125米。宝城内为宝顶，宝顶下为1520_年(正德十五年)所建玄宫。宝城与方城之间建有月牙城，内有琉璃影壁一座。前后宝城由瑶台相连。瑶台为长方形，面阔11.5米，进深40.5米。后宝城为圆形，直径110米。内为宝顶，宝顶下为1539年(嘉靖十八年)所建地下玄宫，玄宫内停放着恭喜献皇帝和皇后棺停。后宝城与瑶台之间建有月牙城，内有琉璃影壁一座。两座宝城上共有向外悬挑的散水螭首16个，设计精巧，为独特的排水系统。陵区外围沿祖山、东西砂山、案山建有显陵卫、东果园、西菜园、更铺及巡山铺等。

明显陵原始建筑和环境风貌保存完好，建筑规模宏大，陵寝结构独特，文化内涵丰厚，堪称中国帝陵的璀璨明珠。

北京故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

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Dear visitors:

Everybody is good! Welcome to visit the Summer Palace, Im a tour guide, Zhang Yinjia here, you have to do is call me xiao zhang. This is a great pleasure for me to give you when the tour guide, let us to visit!

Now that we have come to the Summer Palace, please must keep up with the team, dont be left behind. We are now in a gallery, the gallery is very famous and it has a red paint the pillars of the green paint baluster, endless blocks, the gallery has more than seven hundred meters long, two hundred and seventy-three rooms, please look up, each have a colorful picture.

We are now under the longevity hill, lets board the longevity hill. Below is on the top of the longevity hill, buddhist incense is a row of cloud temple. We will carefully watch!!!! In a short while we gather in the kunming lake.

Kunming lake, is the position we are now on the long embankment around it in a number of stone bridge, the lake center has a small island, you can go there to play, theres a bridge called seventy-two Kong Qiao, there are seventy-two little tunnel, bridge, there are hundreds of pillar, carved with a lion above, they have different attitude, no two are the same. Ok, you are free to visit.

Today is honoured to be your guide, hope to serve you again!

The construction of the Yamen here started in 1303 in Yuan Dynasty, and thepresent buildings were built in Qing Dynasty. It was the most well preservedgovernment office of country level in feudal China. Since our opening up to theoutside world in 1984, it has attracted a number of our government officials andvisitors form both at home and abroad because of its special history, science,attractive value and its own charm. We have the famous saying : Beijing is thedragonhead while the dragon’s tail is in Neixiang. It is also one of theimportant cultural relics of state level.

The front part building of the Yamen was called a screen wall, which wasbuilt with blue brick relief sculpture. In the middle of the screen, there is astrange beast, which is called “Tan”. It was said to be a greedy beast thatcould swallow gold and silver treasures in the legend. Here in the picture wecan see that around it there are treasures everywhere. But he is not satisfied.His mouth opens widely intending to swallow the sun in the sky, but as a result,he falls off the steep cliff, having his body smashed into pieces. The pictureon the screen was first created by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the MingDynasty. The purpose of the drawing is to warn the government officials not totake bribes and break the law. Here is the main entrance, halfway there isanother gate right in the middle, called Yimen, the second main officialentrance. It used to be open only on the day when new governor took his place orwhen higher official came to visit. On both sides of the second gate, there’retwo small doors, the one on the east was called Life door, while the one on thewest was called Death door, or Ghost door, which was used only by the criminalswhen they were sentenced to death and were going to be killed. Passing throughYimen, you can see a grand building here in front of you . That is the greathall. The great hall was the place where the governor of the county announcedthe government orders, and also some important ceremonies were held here andsome important and serious criminal cases were tried here. In the middle of it,a trial desk was placed, and on the desk, the four treasures of the study andthe red and green bamboo pieces used for trial could be found. On the front sideof the screen, there’s a picture of seawater, tide and the sun, meaning that anofficial should be as clear as the sun and the moon and as clean as seawater. Inother words, an official should be honest and upright. When the prosecutor andthe defendant were taken to the hall for trial, they must kneel down on thestones. The square stone on the east was for the prosecutor, and the rectanglestone on the west was for the accused. Since most cases

involved more defendants, the stone for them was longer then. The housebehind the great hall was called doorman house. The man who guarded the housewas called Doorman, who was the county governor’s relative or people who wereclose to him. Now we have come to the second hall. It was the place where theCounty Magistrate dealt with small cases. Please look at these famous couplets,which means that before law everyone is equal. So the judges should pass thefairest judgment on people. This is called Fuzi Yard, an ancient form of addressto a Confucian scholar or to a master by his disciples. Fuzi was usually theofficial’s assistant who was usually their close friend of knowledgeable andartistic talent. Everyone, including the county governor respectfully addressedhim as Lao Fuzi, so the place where Fuzi worked was called Fuzi Yard. Finally,let’s go to the third hall. It was the place where county governor did his dailywork. If the cases he dealt with were of great importance, he would do it here.There was also a garden behind. It was here that county governor enjoyed hisfree life and got away from his government affairs. As we can see now, there’remany succinct couplets with rich intension here. But this one before the thirdhall was the most famous. It was written by GaoYigong , a county governor inNeixiang county. It means that being the local officials, we rearded the commonpeople as our parents. We worked for them voluntarily and willingly.Nowadays ,many of our Party leaders like Chairman Jiang Zemin read it with deep feelings,and Premier Zhu Rongji sings high praise of it. The words can be no doubtregarded as famous saying and epigram, and the only one of its kind. So now theYmen in Neixiang, together with the Museum Palace in Beijing, and the other twoin Hebei and Shanxi, has formed a special international tore route of the fourgreat ancient Chinese Yamens. Neixiang is now going out of Henan and into theworld. We warmly welcome all the reiends from all over the world to visitNeixiang, and enjoy the elegant demeanor of the ancient Yamen.

Distinguished guests

Hello everyone, welcome to Huashan!

Im Lin Rui, the tour guide of Xian magic travel agency. Im glad to beyour tour guide. As the saying goes, its 50 years since we built the tour. Ihope that under the leadership of Xiao Lin, Huashan will leave you a goodmemory!

First of all, I would like to talk about the precautions:

First point: Huashan, which we are going to visit today, is famous for itsprecipitousness. We must pay attention to safety. The most important thing is toremember to walk without looking at the scenery. Dont look over the fence,dont go to dangerous places such as cliff edge to visit or take photos. Do notdeliberately pursue the effect of the photographer. Tourists with children musttake good care of their children.

The second point: we should pay attention to the time and place ofassembly, so as not to delay the journey. Remember my number andkeep in touch. In Huashan, except for the huangpuyu tourist road, which has nosignal for 30 minutes, there are basically signals. Some places have bettersignals, and some are worse.

Now let me give you an overview of Huashan. Huashan Mountain is a part ofQinling Mountains. It was formed 700 million years ago and is commonly known as"Xiyue". Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty named the mountain in five directions as holymountain. Huashan Mountain is located in the west, so it is called "Xiyue". Inancient times, these five famous mountains correspond to the five elements ofancient China, which are gold, wood, water, fire and earth. In the west, Huashanbelongs to gold. The shape of Huashan is just like a gold ingot. When we get tothe north peak of Huashan, Id like you to take a picture with Huashan at theplace where Jinyong Huashan talks about swords.

Huashan is named Huashan because it looks like a flower from a distance.Ancient flowers are similar to Huashan, so it is named Huashan!

In 1996, Huashans cable car was opened to traffic, ending the ancienthistory of Huashans one road. Today, we are climbing by cable car. First, weneed to transfer to the Huashan Mountain special line. Now we are driving on thehuangpuyu tourist road. Have you ever seen the movie "get Huashan wisely"? Thisis the way to find a guide in those years. The huangpuyu tourist road from theticket office to Huashan cableway is 7.66 km long. It took 20__ years forHuashan to be liberated. Han zi, the commander of Hu zongnans No.6 Baoanbrigade, was wearing a 4-year tour guide More than 200 people occupied themountain as the king. Our pla couldnt fight from the front. We bypassed theback mountain and succeeded in the surprise attack. The movie made according tothis incident was called "surprise attack on Huashan". Later Premier Zhou saw itand said that it fully demonstrated the wisdom and bravery of the PLA. Later, itwas renamed "capture Huashan with wisdom".

We dont want to go on a flat road now. Lets go on the Zhikao HuashanRoad, which is part of the walking road over there. I want to see if you haveacrophobia and whether you can go to canglongling of Huashan. It has the sameslope as other roads, but its much shorter. If your body is suitable forclimbing, Ill let you go and even conquer here No, I will advise you to go downthe mountain if you go up to Beifeng and take a picture.

Go straight up the mountain and feel the danger of Huashan. As the sayinggoes, its easy to go up the mountain but difficult to go down the mountain.Its a zigzag road to go down the mountain. Its safe and easy to master thebalance of the body.

When we get to Beifeng, lets go through Beifeng hotel first, but dontworry too much. There is a map of Huashan in Beifeng hotel. I want to tell youabout it. When we go up the mountain, we may be separated. We need to getfamiliar with the terrain before we can conquer Huashan!

This is the place to look at the map. Dont worry. Dont look at the map.Between the two eaves, the East peak of Huashan looks like a bald eagle. Itsthe best place to watch the sunrise. Its crowded with tourists in the morning,also known as Chaoyang peak. Which is Xifeng next to it? Its straight, like aknife cut. In the movie of outwitting Huashan, its the enemy headquarters. Itis also the place where the legend "the lotus lamp" took place.

Now lets turn around and look at this map to see if the top of Huashanlooks like a treasure. The two peaks on both sides are East and West peaks, andthe peak in the middle is Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain. It isthe place where the legendary martial arts masters compete and discuss swords.There is also the most dangerous long sky plank road of Huashan Mountain.

We are located in the north peak. After passing through chaeryan, we canget to canglongling. After canglongling, we can get to the golden gate of Wuyunpeak. Jinsuoguan is the only way for the four peaks above, East, West, South andmiddle. When you get there, you can decide to visit any one of the peaks, or youcan visit all four by the way.

We came up from Huangpu valley. Another road is called Huashan Road sinceancient times. If you follow me up a few more steps, you can see the ancientHuashan Road.

Now look down, the Yangchang path is the way to Huashan. It takes aboutthree or four hours to walk from the foot of the mountain to Beifeng!

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the peoples Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guanganmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of todays old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the worlds wonders of the Great Wall, the worlds most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

Hello, Im director Lin from Fuzhou. Please give me more advice. Welcome tothe "happy time train". First of all, lets start from Beijing!

OK! Now were at the "history and culture" station. Let me tell yousomething: Prince Gongs house was first built in 1776, which is more than 230years old. It was built for Heshen, a corrupt official. Later, Emperor Jiaqingmade 24 charges, so the house was confiscated. Because the last owner is PrinceGong Yixin, it is called Prince Gongs mansion. Please remember that the twoowners of this mansion are the corrupt official Heshen and Prince GongYixin.

Ladies and gentlemen, now we are at the "Fuchi" station. Do you know whyits called "Fu Chi"? Thats right! Because the shape of the pond is like a bat,he Shen wanted to make himself happy, so he chose the homonym "bat". He alsobuilt 999 bat like buildings in the palace.

We walked past the "Fuchi" and came to the picturesque "western gate"station. The door is exquisitely made, brightly colored and unparalleled. Butthis beautiful door is also one of the 24 crimes of Heshen, because it ismodeled on the western gate of Wanshou garden, the royal garden.

After entering the western gate and passing through the Zhulan corridor,you can see the study of Heshen. You can see a very grand building, which is ournext stop - "historical legend". There is a special way to get to the majesticmain hall. There is only one ladder on this road, followed by a straight andgentle slope. It is said that in his life, Heshen suffered only when he wasyoung, and then he went all the way to the top. So we can also cross the bottomof the ladder, throw all the troubles under the ladder, and then go all the waywith a happy mood!

After visiting Prince Gongs mansion unconsciously, please remember: thishistoric building stands in China! In addition, our train has arrived at theterminal. I hope you can have a safe journey and have a pleasant journey!