明显陵英文导游词热门20篇

今天 我们将要游览的就是黄鹤楼。黄鹤楼位于武汉蛇山之巅，是国家五A级风景区，黄鹤楼素有“天下绝景，千古好楼”的美称。与湖南岳阳楼，江西滕王阁并成为江南三大名楼。所以如果您来武汉不到黄鹤楼去看看，您会遗憾终身的。现在就请大家带好您的随身物品跟随我一起直奔主题吧!

现在在大家眼前的这座高楼就是黄鹤楼的主楼，主楼净高51.4米，外形类方正，四望如一。每边长35米，72根大柱拔地而起，60个翘角飞檐凌空，博采历楼之长，汇北雄南秀之风。金黄色的琉璃屋面古朴富丽，红葫芦形宝顶入夜闪闪发光，各层均具有非常浓厚的诗情画意。大家数数黄鹤楼一共有几层呢，是五层吗?其实大家只答对了一半，因为黄鹤楼是外五内九的建筑。现在先给大家留个悬念，等进了黄鹤楼再为大家揭晓谜底。下面我们就一起进主楼看一看吧。

我们现在所在的位置是黄鹤楼的一楼大厅。大厅宽22米，长14米，您看这些古香古色的大柱，周长有两米，它们直通顶层可以说是整栋楼的擎天柱。

大家再把目光移到这幅《白云黄鹤图》上，他是有756块彩陶版镶嵌而成，这幅壁画取决于驾鹤登仙的古神话，又有“昔人已乘黄鹤去”之意。大家看上面这位老者，口吹玉笛俯视人间，好像对人间恋恋不舍。他下面的那些群众，把酒狂欢，载歌载舞，仿佛是在喜迎黄河归来。大家之意到楼下的那些花了吗?是什么花呢?对了，就是梅花。梅花是武汉市的市花，作者在此也是想表明黄鹤楼的地理位置。

好，请大家随我到楼上参观。我们现在所在的地方并非二楼，而是一楼与二楼的夹层，俗称跑马廊。这样的跑马廊每二层之间都有这样一个跑马廊。刚才是黄鹤楼是外五内九的建筑，现在就为大家揭晓谜底。黄鹤楼本身有五层，每两层之间就有这样一个跑马廊，所以就有九层。这里陈列着一些历史的名人字画，大家可以欣赏一下。

现在呢，我们就到真正的二楼去参观一下。二楼中陈列着唐宋元明清和现代六座黄鹤楼模型。他们各自代表了其处各自时代的建筑风格。我们都知道古人的建筑大多以一条中轴线对称的向左右两边延伸，而大家看到的这个唐代模型可以说是再现了这一风格。看，它雄伟壮观，城与墙相连呈对称形式布局。整栋楼的颜色以绿色为主，黄色为其次。这种搭配看上去清新雅致。大家知道吗?唐代还是黄鹤楼从军事楼转变为观赏楼的转折期呢。大家再看一下宋代的楼，它的楼与城分离开来，更显雄伟，颜色也有原来的绿色转变为黄色，一则体现了当时烧制技术的革新，另一方面也说明了皇权的至高无上。而元代的形式延续了宋代的风格，明代则依然是两层。

请看这边清朝的黄鹤楼，它分三层，第一层有12个檐，代表着一天12 个时辰，第二层十二个檐，代表一年有12 个月，第三层的二十四个檐则代表一年24个节气。将我国天文历法与我国古代建筑结合起来，无不体现了我国古代劳动人民的智慧。遗憾的是在1884年的夏天也就是清光绪十年，它被雷火击毁了。

最后一座就是现在的黄鹤楼了。它是以清代黄鹤楼为基本，采用外五内九的模式。用现代材料钢筋水凝混合而成。可以说现代黄鹤楼是源于古代又优于古代了。

进入三楼，映入我们眼帘的是一副名为“文人荟粹”的陶版瓷画。画面人物神态各异，栩栩如生，再现了历代文人墨客来此吟诗作赋的情景。您看，中间那位黄袍加身的正是唐代大诗人崔颢。相传有一年，崔颢慕名来到黄鹤楼，他游览后即兴赋了一首诗：“昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。日暮乡关何处是，烟波江上使人愁。”这首诗意境美妙，是描写黄鹤楼的一首不可多得的好诗。又一年，诗仙李白来到黄鹤楼，看到崔颢的诗，并题到：“一拳打碎黄鹤楼，一脚踢翻鹦鹉洲。眼前有景道不得，崔颢题诗在上头!”吟完，搁笔而去。由于李白的推崇，崔颢的诗名声大振，而黄鹤楼也随着崔颢的诗名传四方。

四楼是黄鹤楼的文化活动场所，陈列了当代书画名家游览本楼的即兴之作，这里还专门备下了文房四宝，若是哪位游客有兴趣，不妨在此一显身手。

现在我们来到了黄鹤楼五楼的观景台。“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”，在这里我们首先看到的是这幅名为“江天浩瀚”的组画，它面积达90平方米，在全楼壁画中是最大的。它由10幅彩画组成，正面墙上的三幅是组画的中心，第一幅由上而下记载了远古的长江文化演替发展的过程。第二幅是在石绿底色上用金线描出的水浪占据了全部画面，使人似乎站到了长江的一个横断面上，感受着急流东去的波涛。第三幅反映的是三国以后黄鹤楼产生和兴废的过程。其他几幅绕大厅一周，显示出了这组壁画的主题---永存。

现在再让我们到西边观赏武汉三镇的美景吧。眼前是滚滚东去的长江和使天堑变通途的长江大桥，还有对面龟山上高耸入云的电视塔，富丽堂皇的晴川饭店，如彩虹跨江的晴川桥黄鹤楼像一位老者，稳坐于蛇山之巅见证了武汉沧桑的历史和日新月异的今天，更以期待的目光展望着繁荣昌盛的未来。

大别山

在未到达目的地之前呢，请先允许我为大家简单介绍一下大别山。说到大别山啊，我想大家的第一个反映就是这是一片红色的土壤，是著名的革命根据地无数革命先辈们在这里留下了战斗的足迹。其实，大别山还是一个旅游、避暑、度假的胜地。这里山清水秀，空气清新，气候宜人，已经被开发为“大别山生态旅游区”。在这里不仅可以让你饱赏奇峰、险岭、怪石、云海之神奇，还可以让你尽情领略天堂秀水的风韵。

大别山国家森林公园位于鄂豫皖三省交界处，罗田英山县境内，现有野生植物1487种，动物634种，森林覆盖率达96%，是鄂东的生物基因库。1996年5月林业部组织专家组对大别山国家森林公园旅游资源进行了综合考察和评审，一致认为具有极大的开发价值，并正式批准为国家森林公园。

我们都知道，浙江有个杭州，湖北有个天堂。关于天堂又这样一首民谣:你说那个天堂高不高，就在这天上九重霄;你说那个天堂美不美，人在画里云中水;你说那个天堂妙不妙，上去一看就知道。今天我们游览的就是这“根生两省，叶落三县的”天堂寨了

又句古话说：仁者乐山，智者乐水，今天您在这步步皆有景，景景可如画的天堂寨中游览，可谓是仁者见仁，智者见智了。天堂寨是大别山主峰，号称中原第一峰，它雄踞一方，最高处海拔高达1729米，总面积有50多平方公里。公园内最神奇的景观便是山!景区以山雄、壑幽、水秀而著称。天堂寨沟壑纵横，曲折幽长，竞显深奥之形。涧中泉石错落，鸟语喃喃。溪畔林木掩映，翠竹藏幽，尽显自然本色。天堂水色秀丽，碧波流长。这里的水以清澈透明、甘甜滋润而称著。景区内溪流蜿蜒曲折，萦回于山谷之中。

在登山之前呢，需要提醒大家的又三点：第一，大别山是我国七大国家级森林公园之一，是我国4A级旅游风景区，所以在游览途中，请那些为我国烟草事业做出贡献的烟民朋友们委屈一下啦，我想各位也不忍心看到这么美丽的森林因为又了烟而又任何破坏是吧。第二，路边的野花不要采，您可不要说不采白不采，因为您有可能采下的就是天堂寨的寨宝，所以请大家手上留情，脚下留意，不要沾花惹草哦。第三，在游览途中，也请大家之一风景区内的环境卫生，保护好自己的人身、财产安全。那么人人向往的天堂寨到底如何?现在就请大家带好您的

随身物品，跟随我一起去天堂寨寻找答案吧。

来天堂寨最好玩的就是攀登顶峰了，去顶峰的路又窄又长又有荆棘当道，可以说是困难重重，艰难险阻。不过在这儿呢流行一句话：不登天堂寨，枉为罗田客。来，请大家根我走这条小路，这是去顶峰唯一的路，我们要先爬上天梯，拐过九曲十八弯，越过高山岭，最后翻过跑马岗，才能到达顶峰。大家是不是觉得越是觉得艰辛越能体会到攀登的快意呢?

大家现在所看到的就是被人们誉为“天堂三绝”之一的哲人峰。大家请细看，这个峭壁高约100米，酷似一硕大头颅，阔额浓眉，高高隆起的鼻梁，肉质丰厚的嘴唇，凝思北望，仿佛在思索着一个重大的哲学命题。这里的建筑，统一为明清式。大多都是依山就势掩映布局。相当具有山寨特色。山路崎岖，请大家小心脚下，注意安全。这里看似不起眼，其实呀它具有相当有利的军事条件。

在解放战争中，刘邓大军挺进大别山，是我军由战略防御转入战略进攻的历史转折点。1947年6月30日，刘伯承、邓小平率晋、冀、鲁、豫野战军主力——刘邓大军，依照党中央的战略方针，以超人的胆识和气魄人鲁西南强渡黄河，跃进大别山，胜利的揭开了人民解放军战略大反功的序幕。

朋友们，现在我们已经到达天堂寨的顶峰天堂顶了，站在这儿，环视天下，我们可以可见十万大山拥拜于下。向北望去中原就在脚下，南眺荆楚山水尽收眼底。站在天堂顶上，凌晨观日出会让您仿佛置身于九天之外，傍晚看日落则如在仙宫漫步。每当雨过天晴，早晨登峰观云海更是气象万千，茫茫云海，层层烟流，景色更是让人叹为观止，虽然我们现在没有机会看到这一番景色，但是如果您下次又机会再来大别山看到这样的景色，您一定不会觉得失望

长江三峡

众所周知，咱们华夏大地盘踞着两条世界巨龙，一条是被我们称作母亲河的黄河，一条可以说是孕育了中华民族的第二摇篮——长江，三峡是长江的一段峡谷，要想了解三峡呢我们首先得从了解长江开始。长江是我国第一长河，发源于青藏唐古拉山脉主峰，全长6300公里，长度位居世界第三，仅次于尼罗河和亚马孙河。长江在纳百川容千流之后，穿山越谷，气势磅礴，在重庆至湖北境内形成了举世无双的大峡谷——长江三峡，早就我们今天看到的雄伟壮观的百里山水画廊。

长江三峡东起湖北宜昌市南津关，西至重庆市奉节县白帝城，由西陵峡、巫峡、瞿塘峡三个峡谷组成，全长193公里。它是长江风光的精华，神州山水中的瑰宝，古往今来，闪耀着迷人的光彩，无数中外游客为之倾倒。朋友们，现在就请大家带好您的随身物品开始我们神奇壮丽的三峡之旅吧.....

我们现在将要看到的就是风光绮丽的西陵峡了，它西起秭归县香溪河口，东至宜昌市南津关，全长76公里，是长江三峡中最长的峡谷。因位于“楚之西塞”和夷陵的西边，因此我们叫它西陵峡。西陵峡过去以“险”出名，以“奇”著称，“奇”、“险”化为西陵峡的壮美。西陵峡中有“三滩”——泄滩、青滩、崆岭滩，“四峡”——灯影峡、黄牛峡、牛肝马肺峡和兵书宝剑峡。虽然现在由于大坝的修建有的景观已经不复存在，但三峡秀丽的风光仍不改色。

到了香溪河口，西陵峡的峡谷段就走完了，穿过一段山舒水缓的宽谷地带，便进入了巫峡。巫峡因巫山而得名，东起巴东县的官渡口，西止重庆巫山的大宁河口。全长45千米，是三峡众既长而又整齐的峡，因此人们也称它为“大峡”。我们可以看到，巫峡峡长谷深，迂回曲折，船在峡中行，时而大山当前，“山穷水复疑无路”;时而峰回路转，“柳暗花明又一村”，所以有人把巫峡比喻成一条“迂回曲折的山水画廊”实在是再恰当不过了。我们都知道，巫峡是以幽深秀丽而闻名的，而其中尤以那排列在大江两岸的巫山十二峰为最。以前船过巫峡时，旅客们总是情不自禁地依栏眺望，兴致勃勃地欣赏著名的巫山十二峰。这十二峰全由石灰岩组成，高出江面千米左右，屹立在峡江南北，有的形似画屏，有的峰若聚仙……千姿万态，引人入胜。

Summer Palace

The Summer Palace (Yiheyuan) in the northwestern suburb of Beijing was built in 1750. by far the best-preserved imperial garden in China, it was endorsed by the UNESCO in 1998 as a world cultural heritage site.

As a paragon of Chinese gardens, this huge garden includes Longevity Hill, whose beauty is set off by a multitude of halls, kiosks and trees, and Kunming Lake, a huge body of liquid silver.

Major tourist attractions are Tower of Buddhist Incense, 17-Span Bridge, Long Gallery, Cloud Dispelling Hall, Marble Boat, Beamless Hall, Garden of Harmonious Delights, the theatre in the Garden of Moral Harmony, and Suzhou Street.

The entire place is a de facto museum of Chinas classical architecture. Housed in these buildings are an immense collection of treasures and cultural artifacts.

沂蒙山是泰沂山脉的两个支系，指的是以沂山、蒙山为地质坐标的地理区域，这里不仅是革命老区，还是一个相对独立的文化圈，历史上属于东夷文明。

沂蒙山同时也是一个旅游概念，沂蒙山旅游区位于山东省中南部，包含沂山景区、蒙山云蒙景区、龟蒙景区、天蒙景区四个景区，核心景区面积148平方公里，是世界文化遗产齐长城所在地、世界著名养生长寿圣地，现为国家5A级旅游景区、国家森林公园、国家地质公园、国家水利风景区。

巍巍八百里沂蒙，主要由沂山、蒙山、北大山、芦山、孟良崮等高山携带无数丘陵组成。沂山、蒙山、鲁山都在海拔千米以上，山高坡陡，崮险岭峻，峰峦连绵，山崮层叠，悬崖峭壁，巨石嶙峋，古木参天，飞瀑流泉，涧深溪清，沂河、沭河萦绕如带。文峰山、浮来山、羽山、马髻山以及七十二崮，雄奇秀幽，风光旖旎。

沂山东部的日照市面靠黄海，碧海与山色相映成趣。

沂源县的鲁山溶洞群，由大小数十个溶洞组成，洞内怪石林立，千姿百态。另外，沂源燕崖山织女洞、平邑县赵庄溶洞和蒙山顶溶洞、费县小梁庄溶洞等也各具特色。

临沂、沂南等地有温泉喷涌，既可观赏，又能疗养。兰山区的汤头温泉属全国甲等温泉，现已成为著名的疗养胜地。

沂蒙大地上多古树名木。浮来山上的一棵银杏树，树龄近4000年，乃春秋时期鲁国国君与莒子会盟处，有“天下第一银杏树”之称。日照城北李家庄子的一棵大金桂树，距今340余年，被誉为“北方桂花王”。日照、郯城、沂源等市县的厚壳树、雪萝树、五角枫树、白果树、黑弹树等稀有古树名木，树龄均在300年以上。平邑县现有国家级森林公园。

清真大寺位于西安市鼓楼街北隅的化觉巷内。因为它与大进修巷的清真寺对象遥遥相望，并且局限较大，故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺，为世界重点文物掩护单元。

据寺内现存石碑记实，清真大寺建成唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(742年)，距今已有1250多年的汗青。经宋、元、明、清屡次重修和护建，慢慢形陈局限弘大，楼台、亭殿机关紧凑调和，肃静肃穆的构筑群。清真寺前后分四个院落，占地面积13000多平方米，构筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧临照壁的木牌坊，高约9米，琉璃瓦顶，挑角飞檐，雕梁画栋，极为壮观。南北双方为仿古构筑的迎接室。

第二院是悬挂“清真寺”匾额的五间楼。院内树木成荫，花园对称分列，石制牌楼耸立其间，碑阴雕刻有闻名书法家米芾、董其昌的题字。

第三院是敕赐殿，院中央是三层布局优良的八角形省心楼。南北两厢是经堂、宫殿，内里珍藏有阿拉伯文和华文翻译的《古兰经》及贵重书画等。

第四院中心是一真亭，又名凤凰亭，南北各有面宽七间的厅房。南厅后有石碑廊，陈列着建设和重修清真寺的碑刻。

一真亭后有海棠形鱼池喷泉，亭南北各有一座碑亭。进石门，走上辽阔的大月台，大殿就在正端。大殿面阔7间，进深9间，面积约1300平方米，可容纳千余人同时作星期。殿内天棚藻井，有画600余幅，彩绘图案纷歧，墙壁刻蔓草斑纹，套刻古兰经，构图着色，均示意中国伊斯兰教寺院构筑和宗教彩画的特色。

After 20 years of development and construction, the Tianzhu Mountain is thedevelopment of the eight scenic areas, open six scenic spots and touristfacilities has greatly improved the visibility and Tianzhu Mountain growingreputation, Tianzhu Mountain to the number of tourists has increased, the homeand about 800,000 passengers.

Tianzhu Mountain is no longer Mr.

Yu described a "lonely Tianzhu Mountain", the tourism economy of our countyand enriching Buried Hill County of the pillar industries.

Yangshan, nine mountain jiuhua mountain called ling, for nine peaks shaped like a lotus, began years (742 ~ 756) renamed the jiuhua mountain. For the three big mountains of inclined column in the south of anhui (one of the huangshan mountain and jiuhua mountain, b). Located in chizhou anhui province county territory, on the other side of the Yangtze river and the tianzhu mountain in northwest, southeast of the huangshan taiping lake and the happiness, is a "two mountain lake" in anhui, huangshan mountain and jiuhuashan mountain, taiping lake) gold tourist area north of the main entrance, the main scenic spots. 120 kilometers, the total area of 120 square kilometers, the highest peak 1342 meters above sea level, the center of jiu hua street geographical coordinates for longitude 117 °, 30 ° latitude.

Jiuhua mountain main body is composed of yanshan period granite, give priority to with peak, valley basin, mix water fountain. Ermeishan mountain rocky cragginess, a total of 99 peaks, of which tiantai, sky column, ten Kings, lotus, lohan, esteems, lotus and other nine peaks are most magnificent. Ten wang feng, highest elevation 1342 meters. Mainly concentrated in 100 square kilometers, within the scope of the scenery has nine son springs sound stream, five mountains, sea of clouds, flat, snow lotus peak, tiantai xiao day, month ShuTan seal, MinYuan bamboo sea, phoenix ancient pine trees, etc. High mountain monastery, cigarette smoke, and ancient towering, quiet, witty, known as the "lotus buddhist," said. Existing temple, 78, Buddha more than 78. The temples of the famous sweet dew temple, temple city, only garden temple, an ancient name for sandalwood, centenarians palace, meditation room, Lin hui ju temple, such as collection of thousands of pieces of cultural relics. In the mountains and money tree, jingle birds, giant salamander and other rare animals and plants.

In the mountain under well, cloud above the table, the different shape of overlapping peaks, the number nine, so the number nine mountain. Began years great poet-saint Li Baiceng number of jiuhua mountain, see the mountain show, nine peaks such as lotus, want to sing with my friends in the "change son nine mountain jiuhua interference and preface of yue:" miao have two gas, lingshan jiu hua ", so "nine mountain" instead of "jiuhua mountain". Li Baiyin jiuhua did: "yesterday in jiujiang (Yangtze river), far out at nine huafeng, tianhe hangs green water, showing nine lotus. I would like to a wave of his hand, who can phase from? Jun as the host, the lie chamaecyparis pisifera." "Tianhe hangs green water, show nine lotus" verse be depicted of the beautiful scenery of the jiuhua mountain song.

Liu yuxi in tang dynasty mountain at the praise: "qifeng saw surprised soul", "naturally endowed a stunner. "A river of wang wei painting, stone for Li Baishi". Jiuhua mountain, around a deep ditch canyon, hang down deep pools, the water flowing waterfall, spectacular, just like a picture of a pure and fresh and natural landscape picture scroll. The view is it everywhere, people moving scene change, the qing dynasty summed up there are ten views "9". After the opening to the outside world, the new monarch eight scenic spots, hundreds of new attractions. Old and new attractions in photograph reflect, natural xiuse accommodation with human landscape, combined with the four seasons, when the scene, sunrise, sunset, sea of clouds, rime, snow, sleet, Buddhas light and other wonders, beautiful, amazing, linger. Known as "southeast first mountain", "jiangnan first mountain" of reputation.

Tourists friends:

You are good, welcome you to the north sea park visit tour.

Beihai park is located in the center of Beijing, is my garden extant most glorious, preserves one of most complete imperial garden, it has a history of nearly one thousand years

The development of the north sea garden started in liao dynasty, jin again on the foundation of liao dynasty start-up Yu Dading nineteen years (1179 years) to build great size too ning palace. So the kremlin lineage imperial gardens in China "a pool of three mountains" regulation, and move the bian city gen yue palace garden of taihu in jade island. To yuan four years (1267 years), back Kublai Khan etheric ning GongQiongHua island as the center construction, mostly jade island and the lake is classified as emperor, givennames longevity hill, too fluid pool in the eighteenth year of yongle (1420) Ming dynasty formally moved the capital Beijing, longevity hill, too fluid pool become YuYuan west of the Forbidden City, according to the west. In the Ming dynasty toward the south to develop the surface of the water, forming the pattern of the three sea. From the west in the Ming dynasty, qing dynasty qianlong period to massive rebuilding of the north sea, laid the scale and structure of ever since. After the xinhai revolution in 1925, the north sea park opening to the outside world. After new China was founded in 1949, the party and the government of the north sea park, attention to the protection of the huge sum of money to repair, in 1961 published by the state council as one of the first batch of dominated key cultural relics protection units.

The north sea is the art of Chinese historical gardens masterpiece. Dominated covers an area of 69 hectares, including the water of 39 hectares), is mainly composed of jade island, east and north shore scenic spot jade verdant trees on the island, the house has, pavilions, strewn at random have send, white tower stands a mountain, as the symbol of the park and around the weeping willows with city which lent, great rooms, original zhai, meditation, fast snow hall, the five dragon pavilions and the nine dragon screen, small buddhist paradise, and many other famous attractions, the north sea garden upholds hong kuo momentum of the north gardens and jiangnan private garden charm gracefuls and restrained is varied, and with the magnificent imperial palaces and religious temple solemn, diversity and one integrated mass, is the treasure of the Chinese garden art. The north sea is located in the northwest of Beijing the imperial palace, is the size of the existing in our country has a long history, magnificent ancient imperial palaces. Known as the world "XianShanQiongGe" here was the liao, jin, yuan, Ming and qing dynasty five dynasties royal "detached palace YuYuan Ming and qing dynasties, the north sea with China, the south China sea called the three hoi ching qianlong year large-scale expansion, the existing building is then built more, basically is the pattern of the now.

Beihai district can be divided into the jade island, TuanCheng, four north sea on the east and the north part of the center of the jade island is dominated, architecture, landscape on the island heavy and complicated and changeful, in eastern north sea surface is given priority to with the buddhist architecture, YongAnSi, enlightenment temple, tower, from bottom to top, strewn at random discretion, notably the towering pagoda is the most eye-catching; Such as floor of west yue heart temple, igawa clouds series construction is given priority to, otherwise read ancient building, ripple hall, double rainbow pavilions and many rockery tunnel, corridors, winding path construction, etc.

Many buildings on both sides of the north east, north, each has its own characteristics, there are original, city of lent, great and small buddhist paradise PuJian, meditation, such as five dragon pavilions and the nine dragon screen YuanZhongYuan and buddhist temple building north hainan to edgewater TuanCheng, standing in yongan bridge connected to the jade island; TuanCheng construction according to the central axis symmetry layout, main chengguang temple is located in the central, large scale, modelling is exquisite. Beihai park covers an area of 68 hectares, of which the surface of the water of 39 hectares total view of the north sea dominated architectural layout, the monastery as the center, take jade island as the main body of landscape in all directions. The top of the hill stands the white dagoba, built in the qing shunzhi eight years (in 1651), such as books and mantle around inside the lama DianGe is linked together, forming ZhongXingPengYue north shore of east lake, there are several yards, temple building near the lake if the five dragon pavilions like gone with the wind, constitutes the north sea and a unique landscape. Is located in the north shore of the nine dragon screen is majestic, for Chinas one of only three nine dragon screen "fangshan" to business in the garden of the qing dynasty palace is famous for its food.

尊敬的各位考官!您好!我是考生 __X，我已经准备好了，可以开始了么!

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎大家来到景德镇古窑民俗博览区参观游览。我是此次景德镇古窑民俗博览区的导游员小赵，我很荣幸陪同大家一起参观游览，下面将由我来为大家讲解景德镇古窑民俗 博览区。

瓷都风采

景德镇，位于江西省东北部的低山、丘陵地带。这里山环水绕，制瓷资料充足，能工巧匠云集， 外销水运通畅。“水土宜陶”，是天然的产瓷区。

东晋开始设镇，名“新平”。唐代几易镇名。至景德元年(公元 1004 年)，因当地的贡瓷倍受皇室青睐而改昌南镇为“景德镇”。至今，“景德镇”之名已沿用千年。

瓷业的兴旺，带来了商业的繁荣，并形成了具有瓷文化底蕴的城镇特色。景德镇以珠山御窑厂为中心，周围坯房密布，窑场四起，红店、柴行及瓷庄比比皆是，甚至连一些百姓家居都是由窑砖头、匣钵屑等瓷业废弃物搭建。“江南雄镇”的昔日风采，至今依稀可见。

景德镇四大传统名瓷

景德镇瓷器“白如玉、明如镜、薄如纸、声如磬”，自古以来，名扬天下。在琳琅满目的瓷器中，最为著名的青花瓷，青花玲珑瓷、颜色釉瓷、粉彩瓷被人们誉为“中华民族文化之精萃”、“瓷国之瑰 宝”。

一、青花瓷

青花瓷是我国陶瓷史上最优秀的瓷器品种之一，自创烧以来，一直都是景德镇瓷业的主流产品， 以致于历经近 800年而不衰。青花瓷的烧造成功，是我国陶瓷史上最具有划时代意义的事件，中国瓷 器从此进入了彩瓷时代，它使中国绘画技巧与制瓷工艺的结合更趋成熟。

青花瓷是一种以氧化钴为显色的配制颜料——“青花瓷”，在瓷坯上进行绘画装饰，再罩以透明釉，经高温一次烧成的釉下彩绘瓷器。其特点为黑色青翠，清新明丽，幽静雅致，具有中国水墨画的艺术效果。青花瓷整个器物，鲜丽的蓝色图案，与瓷胎青白相映，相得益彰，艳而不俗，鲜而不佻， 明朗而又安定，华丽而又沉着，艺术价值极高。

由于不同的运笔，不同的技法，不同的构思，不同的用料，使得每个时期的青花装饰产生不同的艺术效果，呈现出鲜明的时代特征，其主要分为元代青花瓷、明代青花瓷、清代青花瓷。

二丶青花玲珑

瓷 晶莹、幽雅的青花玲珑瓷，是景德镇传统名瓷，创烧于明代永乐年间。它既汲取了青花技术之特长，又采纳了镂雕艺术之妙法，具有轻巧致密，素雅清新的特点。外国人称其为“嵌玻璃的瓷器”，一 直以来誉满中外。

青花玲珑是一种釉下青花加玲珑雕镂的综合装饰。它是在瓷坯上，先制作玲珑透剔的米粒状洞，称为“米通”，俗称“玲珑眼”，再以“玲珑釉”充满玲珑眼，结合呈色青翠的青花纹饰，施釉入窑高温一次烧成。

青花玲珑的装饰风格与众不同，它的玲珑釉色透明带绿，小孔处透明性强，仿佛开了一个个的小窗户，阳光和灯光透过，成瓷组成的玲珑眼的特殊纹样，艺术效果别具一格。加之与青花装饰相结合，在白中泛青的釉色衬托下，显得分外精巧细腻，朴素大方，清新明朗。

如今，玲珑眼也由单一“米通”，发展为圆、尖、扁、线、弯曲等形式。并能组成各种花鸟、水浪、云彩人物等形状，丰富了青花玲珑的装饰效果，使之更加丰富多采。

三丶颜色釉瓷颜色釉是一种以金属氧化物(铁、铜、锰、钴)为着色剂，在适当的气氛中经一定的温度烧成后，能够呈现了某种固有色彩的釉料。其釉面斑驳璀璨、呈色五彩缤纷，有的像洁白的云朵在蓝天飘游，有的像晶莹的露珠在草坪闪烁，有的像晶亮的星星在银河眨眼，有的像彤红的太阳在天边升腾，有的像碧澄的江水在静静奔流，有的像艳丽的宝石在熠熠闪光，有的像熊熊的烈火在炉膛 燃烧，有的像美丽的孔雀在翩翩开屏……

景德镇是烧造颜色釉瓷器历史最长、品种最多、质量最好、成就最高的地区之一。景德镇的颜色釉瓷以丰富多彩的釉色，精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型，清亮耀目的光泽，而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠，至今仍令人眼花缭乱，心驰神往、流连忘返、叹为观止。

四丶粉彩瓷 粉彩属于釉上彩绘装饰。釉上彩绘是在已经烧成的瓷胎上进行绘画装饰，然后经过 800℃左右的低温烧烤，以使画面熔融后固化在瓷器表面的装饰技法。

早在宋元时期，景德镇瓷工就开始了用含金属氧化物的彩料在瓷器表面进行装饰的尝识，到明代宣德年间，御窑厂成功烧造出釉下青花与釉上彩绘相结合的青花斗彩瓷器。明中期以后，以成化斗彩、万历青花五彩(以青花作为五彩中一种色彩的彩瓷谓青花五彩。)为代表的釉上彩绘瓷器发展迅速，至清初康熙年间釉上蓝彩出现以后，釉上彩瓷器开始脱离青花的约束而成为一个独立的瓷器装饰门类。康熙五彩(红、绿、黄、蓝、黑)色泽厚实，浓艳，亦称之为“硬彩”，景德镇称其为“古彩”。

雍正时期，景德镇瓷工又在康熙五彩的基础上，参照珐琅彩(清宫廷御用器彩料)的制作工艺，把含有氧化砷的玻璃料掺入含铅的彩料中，使彩料产生乳白色的效果，这种含砷的玻璃料被景德镇瓷工称为“玻璃白”。如果以康熙五彩为基础，在其彩料中加入玻璃白，使所有颜色都会“粉化”成不同深浅浓淡的色调，彩料的颜色都会变成带粉白的色调，如红色变成粉红色，绿色变成粉绿色等等。这些温润的中间色不仅能给人以粉润柔和的感受，而且扩大了釉上彩的色调范围，使色彩可以渲染，层次、深浅、阴阳分明，画法可以更加细致入微。由于它的特点就是带粉白色调，所以人们便称之为粉 彩，景德镇瓷工亦称之为“软彩”。

粉彩饰的特点是颜色明亮，粉润柔和，色彩丰富，绚丽雅致，绘画工笔，写意俱全，在人物、山水、花鸟等题材的装饰上具有很强的表现力，富有国画风格。粉彩瓷在雍正年间最负盛名，釉上彩瓷器到了这个时期，已经发展到了一个百花争艳的阶段，它标志着我国传统的釉上彩瓷器的发展达到了 极高的水平。

关于景德镇古窑民俗博览区的介绍就为大家讲到这里，现在大家可以自由参观一下，按照计划的 时间回到这里，祝大家玩得愉快。

Songshan Mountain, located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is one of theworld-famous five mountains of China (Taishan Mountain in Shandong, HuashanMountain in Shaanxi, Hengshan Mountain in Shanxi and Hengshan Mountain inHunan). Songshan scenic spot has 36 peaks, stretching for 60 kilometers, mainlycomposed of Taishi mountain and Shaoshi mountain. The highest peak is 1494meters above sea level.

There are more than 270 human landscapes in Songshan scenic area, includingten temples, five temples, five palaces, two temples, four nunneries, fourcaves, three altars and pagodas. It is a historical gathering place of Buddhism,Confucianism and Taoism. The world-famous Shaolin Temple is hidden in the armsof Mount Song. These rich cultural landscapes and rare geological relics reflecteach other, forming a three-dimensional, multi-level and multi-functionalcharming landscape of Songshan Geopark.

Songshan World Geopark is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province, with atotal area of 450 square kilometers. The main types of geological relics are thecomponents of Geology (including structure). The main geological landscapesinclude the unique weathered and corroded structure and the limestone karstlandscape.

The Songshan Mountain is located in the southern margin of the North Chinaancient land. Within the scope of the park, the strata of Archean, Proterozoic,Cenozoic and Cenozoic geological historical periods in the past 3.5 billionyears are continuously and completely exposed. The stratigraphic sequence isclear and the structural features are typical. It is called "five generations inone hall" by the geological circles. It is a complete stone book of earthhistory.

Yuzhai mountain, Junji mountain, wazhiling mountain and Jianshan mountainin the main peak area of Songshan Mountain are mostly composed of quartzite. Inaddition to the tectonic movement, the peaks rise up to the earth, with steepand beautiful walls. The peculiar peaks and valleys are all over the area,forming a unique terrain and landform.

There are eight nationalities living in the park, including Han, Hui, Pumi,Bai, Yi, Miao, Uygur and Mongolia, forming a multi-ethnic family. On thefestival days of ethnic minorities, the local government and the Han compatriotscelebrate with them to fully display their national customs, customs, customsand other national cultures, and enjoy the customs and fun of ethnicminorities.

There are many scenic spots and historical relics in the scenic area. Inthe world-famous Shaolin Temple, Shaolin monks practice qigong and Shaolin KungFu (martial arts). Besides Shaolin Temple, there are many other temples, such asZhongyue temple, also known as "Little Palace"; Fawang temple and Huishantemple, two of the oldest existing temples in China; and two of the oldest andbest preserved observatories in China.

There are also a large number of stone inscriptions in Songshan, totalingmore than 20__, composed of famous calligraphers Yan Zhenqing, Su Dongpo, HuangTingjian and Mi Fu.

The world-famous Shaolin Temple is located at the West foot of SongshanMountain, 100 kilometers southwest of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province.It is not only an important Buddhist holy land in China, but also a trainingcenter for ancient Chinese Kung Fu.

Shaolin Temple was founded in the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern WeiDynasty (495). It was built by Yuan Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern WeiDynasty, for the purpose of setting up batuoluoji, an Indian monk, to preach. In537 ad, another Indian monk named Bodhidharma came here. It is said that hecreated a set of simple unarmed fighting rules on the basis of Batas creation,which is called "Xingyiquan". He once faced the wall in the stone cave on wurupeak behind the chariot of Shaolin for nine years.

This is the origin of Shaolin Kung Fu. At the beginning of the 7th century,a small army of 13 Shaolin monks was famous for defeating the whole army of theSui Dynasty and rescuing the later Tang Emperor Li Shimin from prison. After Liascended the throne, he granted a great reward to a temple in Shaolin. He gave athousand hectares of land and a water mill. The monks who took part in the waralso had their own rewards. Shaolin Temple has been famous all over the worldsince then, known as "the most famous temple in the world", and has also becomea national training center for kung fu masters. In its heyday, there were morethan 3000 monks stationed here.

As Shaolin Temple has always been the center of rebel activities, it wasburned three times, the most serious of which was in 1938. A fire burned formore than 40 days, burning almost all the classical literature and records inthe temple.

Today, there are many pavilions and halls in Shaolin Temple, covering anarea of about 4047 hectares. The most interesting historical relics are themurals in the East Hall, depicting groups of monks practicing kung fu.

When you come to the gate of Shaolin Temple, you can see the plaque ofShaolin Temple hanging on the gate. It was written by Emperor Kangxi of QingDynasty.

In addition, the "talin" at the foot of the mountain to the west of ShaolinTemple is the burial ground of the monks who presided over Shaolin Temple in thepast dynasties since the Tang Dynasty, about 250, which is the most populargroup of talins in China.

Dunhuang is located in the western end of the hexi corridor in gansu province is located in gansu, qinghai, xinjiang, the junction of three provinces (area), the south qilian mountain, mazong mountain are north, east, and west sides of the gobi desert, an average elevation of 1138 meters, the formation of the north-south high, intermediate low, from the west to the northeast tilt basin plain, the citys total area of 3.12 square kilometers, of which the oasis area of 1400 square kilometers, accounted for only 4.5% of the total area, and surrounded by a desert gobi, reason has "gobi oasis". Dunhuang is located in the interior, obvious is characterized by dry climate, large temperature difference between day and night, less rainfall, evaporation, sunshine time is long, clear four seasons. Due to the lack of rain, the annual average rainfall of 39.3 millimeters, evaporation is 2486 mm, so has the obvious desert climate characteristics, belongs to the typical continental arid climate.

Oasis by DangHe tonic, originated in qilian mountain north flow DangHe, total length of 390 km, the basin area of 1.68 square kilometers, the annual runoff is 328 million cubic meters, is an important water conservancy lifeblood of dunhuang, except DangHe in surface water east and west ditch, ditch, south lake springs, spring always overflow volume of 3.14 cubic meters per second, annual runoff is 99.023 million cubic meters. The development and utilization of groundwater, dunhuang has become the main source of peoples living water and industrial water. The citys total population of 150000 people, including agricultural population 94600 people. In han Chinese population accounts for the vast majority, hui, Mongolian, Tibetan, uygur, miao, manchu, earth, tujia, kazak, dongxiang, abundant solid 10 ethnic minorities accounted for only 1.06%. City governs 2 town 10 townships, 79 villagers committee, 381 villagers group. Sand town is home to the municipal party committee and municipal government, the state is the citys political, economic and cultural center. Seven 7 kilometers from west of the town is a new type of oil city building is very beautiful, who is now an affiliated stations in qinghai petroleum administration bureau, the population of permanent residents in more than 30000.

The total land area of 265600 mu, all is irrigated. Because of the fertile soil, irrigation condition is good, suitable for all kinds of crops. The main crops are wheat, corn, cotton, sesame, melons, vegetables and so on. Oasis in the orchard area of 43318 mu, the main variety of fruit is apple, pear, peach, apricot, jujube, grape, etc., can produce a variety of fruits a year more than 20xx kilograms.

Each came from friends hello:

You all the way hard, welcome everyone to tianzhu mountain tourism! Tianzhu mountain scenic spot for you the arrival of times add luster! I am from anhui province travel guide, my name is wang ping, a vertical three horizontal king, you can call me xiao wang or Wang Dao. The sitting next to us, is our driver Mr. Wang, Mr. Wang is an old driver, with many years of driving experience so you can feel free in his car! In todays tour, if you have any questions, can put forward to us, we will solve for you as soon as possible. Well, finally, I wish all have a nice trip to the tianzhu mountain in advance!

Now its early, first let me introduce the general situation of tianzhu mountain! Tianzhu mountain in the Yangtze river north shore, buried hill in anhui province, because of its high standing, such as giant column named giant. Tianzhu mountain in the past, and long live the buried hill, anhui mountain, hill said. Said, it is said, long live the mountain, is because of the emperor southern in anhui mountain set the yue, ChiFeng mountain of anhui province as the "le", in the yue, the crowd shouted long live, long live the so called the mountain mountain.

Car continuous driving bridge, we have entered nanshao - three ancestral temple of tianzhu mountain scenic area. Three ancestral temple scenic spot is humanities of tianzhu mountain scenic spot the most concentrated, high cultural taste of a cultural scenic spot. Here we will feel the tianzhu mountain mysterious religious culture and imperial culture, to have all previous dynasties calligraphy art gallery of national key units to be bump moya carved stone group.

South into the savage village near the upward to reach three ancestral temple. This is one of the most famous scenic spot of tianzhu mountain. According to legend, the temple was built in the southern dynasty, is now only the scripture-stored, between wing and stands before the temple tower of silence. Three ancestral temple west, there are stone debt-laden valley, the valley side upright, steep rock valley basin, shochiku canopy, called "valley" stream. The valley gate there is a cave, there is a rock, like cattle lies in front of the cave, called "stone cattle ancient hole". According to legend, huang tingjian northern song dynasty people had to sit on the stone reading, and the road flyover "valley". Here on a piece of stone engraved with huang tingjians poems and contemporary artist li kung-lin painted portraits of huang tingjian sit on the stone cattle. This precious ancient poetry and sharpening, is still clearly visible.

Few words said, lets start now. We went to the barbarian village scenic area soon! Wild village is short for "savage village". This mountain, how picturesque place named "savage village"? There are two moving legend: a long time ago, haunted by savage in this area, hurt people and livestock. At the time of a magistrate to sacrifice her, rescue people. He bring good wine good dishes, savage hole deep, the drink with savage, life people live to the mouth of the cave with cast iron water condensation, and savage mutually assured destruction. Secondly, in the southern song dynasty, the local rate of local tyrants liu hundreds of problems in the tianzhu mountain anti yuan. Since he, "liu ye", at the first village named "savage village". Liu yuan resistance before and after 18 years, finally betrayed by mole heroic sacrifice. Later generations to commemorate him, savage the name of the village official.

Now Ill give you one hour of time to rest, you can take pictures, please be sure to pay attention to safety, we see you after one hour! One hour of time really quick ah, dont know you have a good time or not! Ok, now we continue our tour! . Now we came to the square in front of the three ancestral temple. Lift eye looks, red walls daiwa temple buildings, surrounded by green trees and bamboo. The yamagata like a wings flying colourful feng, ji tower was built on the rockhopper, things on both sides of the rolling hills amidst lush farmlands are ring-fenced folded, like chicken wing escorted the solemn Buddha. As the saying goes: "far see bake temple, near the temple chu tomb at baoshan." Three ancestral temple, the full name of "the three face dry valley yuan of Buddha, is the method of zen three ancestral China, history of Buddhism in China occupies an important position. Released in 1983, the state council for approval of national open temple of han nationality regions.

Three ancestral temple buildings, along the phoenix mountain landform of frame made in turn from bottom to top. From the gate to the father of the house, all in a central axis. Incense of course should be the gate to enter. Three ancestral temple gate, also called three temple. Main entrance "prajnaparamita door", namely "the door of wisdom"; The east door of "liberation", to get rid of the bondage of worry karma and freedom, also known as the door of the "free"; The west door of "door", means to the filter net, in the process of practice to constant efforts, also known as the "gateway to make. Hanging frame, the buddhist association of the inscribed at the beginning of the "qian Buddha plaques.

Here, we todays visit to a paragraph, you can look around yourself, photograph, 1 hour after we set in front of three ancestral temple.

a "hutong" is an ancient city alleyway or lane typical of ancient beijing, where hutongs once ran into the thousands.

hutongs were first built around the walled imperial compound known as the forbidden city. the majority of these alleyways were built during the yuan, ming and qing dynasties (1271—1911). at the height of each era, the emperor arranged the residential areas surrounding his moat according to a system of etiquette hailing back to the zhou dynasty (c.1100—221 b.c.).

at its heart was the forbidden city, surrounded by main roadways travelling east-west and north-south. there were originally two kinds of hutongs. the first were grouped to the east and west of the forbidden city and laid in an orderly design alongside main roadways. most of these hutongs housed members of the royal family, officials, eunuchs and aristocrats. the second type of hutong was a crude version of the first, located far to the north and south of the sprawling imperial compound, inhabited by merchants and commoners.

what both had in common was the type of structure lining the alleyways. the "siheyuan" known in english as a quadrangle, or courtyard complex, invariably comprised four main buildings facing each compass point and surrounded by a high wall. the size and design of each complex reflected the social status of the inhabitants.

wealthy families often boasted several walled courtyards surrounded by a main wall, each building decorated with intricately carved and painted beams and pillars.

the quadrangles of the poor were of a much simpler construction with small gates and low ceilings. beijings meandering hutongs are passageways formed by thousands of closely arranged quadrangles of different sizes. the main buildings of most of these structures face south for optimum sunlight, especially during the bitter beijing winters. because of this, the majority of the citys hutongs run east to west. between the major hutongs meandered narrow alleys running north to south to allow convenient passage through what was once a vast maze of gray brick and tiled roofs.

old beijing is in essence a magnified quadrangle, symmetrically arranged and surrounded by a high city wall that was torn down half a century ago to make way for a beltway ringing the increasingly modern capital.

by the end of the qing dynasty, chinas economy was in tatters. but pleasure-loving beijing continued to cater to the emperor and his hangers-on. life was mostly confined to the hutongs. the quadrangle reflected the way of life and social culture of the times.

Located in the most prosperous ancient city of yangzhou dongguan street, entered the street will feel an antique flavor. Road on both sides of the house is built with blue bricks and roof is covered with black tiles. In this the set off of blue bricks HeiWa, red lantern hanging at the door of the house is very bright. The eaves of the houses are up, mother said that this is the ancient house in the eaves, the characteristics of newborn this is to let the rain does not flow into the room.

Dongguan street, very lively, the most characteristic of the road on both sides of the snacks. Sell vamps, sells sesame seed candy, have sold baked wheat cake... Wide variety of snacks to let a person see more dazzling. Suddenly I saw a group of people around a roadside stall, I gather together past a look, ah! Turned out to be an old man was made all kinds of sugar painting, I asked: "grandpa, this call what?"

"Call sugar painting." The old man answered.

"I also want one."

See grandpa took a spoon, burning with round pot scoop a spoonful of sugar, and studied experimentally in a square on the draw a curved shrimp body gently, then he is in front of the shrimp body around a few times, ah! Draw a pair of pliers, then he trembled under two between two pliers, two long beard will appear in front of my eyes, and then quickly under the shrimp body to wrap up a few times, the draw is a tail. After a while, a lifelike, wriggling shrimp appear in front of my eyes. See old man with a wooden stick with a little sugar, and firm pressure on the painting, finally, he very carefully by shovels shoveling sugar painting, I quickly licked two times, my sweetie, delicious, delicious!

Jollification, traffic, antique dongguan street really make people linger.

Checkerboard stone

The checkerboard stone, as the name suggests, must be looks like the checkerboard that big or the checkerboard shape stone, but is located south the bright Daoist temple checkerboard stone, actually is a collection high, is steep, the danger, blames to a body high to hang on the high peak the peak. The cliff goes against slanting upwardly is stretching out, following is hanging, looks by far from the side, looks like a swimming diving platform very much, the crown slightly has sticks out is not actually smooth, the area approximately 60 square meters, may allow to seat guests five, 60 people. Under ten thousand ten feet, the strange stone stand in great numbers under, if bends down to look the dizzy god to startle, soul-stirring.

The checkerboard stone name origin, the source spreads already the long myth fable to a piece of locality.Very before long time, Yang Kouwan the bank tune village has youth woodcutter to climb mountains chops firewood. He more walks far, more crawls high, saw on Shi Yading has two white hairs old people to play chess front, then steps onto watches, looked was fascinated, cannot bear also must say several. The old person does not speak, only faces his gentle smiling. He absent minded thought tree a while has been green, a while yellow, also has not cared about. Under a game of chess, two old people have faced him to smile then flutter however go, he only then remembered should cut firewood. Who knows turns head as soon as looked that, the shoulder pole and the axe handle is already decayed, the axe has also become the hard lump, he has to descend a mountain returns to in the village. But, in the village the scenery all must, all people all did not know. He is extremely strange, several passes through inquired, only then understood two old people which oneself climbs mountains chops firewood when saw is the deity, he in looked chess time, in the world crossed for several hundred years. Thereupon, he meets the person to say own experience, but nobody believes him, he has to walk to the remote mountain.

As for the summit on "ten" the character, the fable is immortal has used a checkerboard, but the taoist priests all said the symbol which that is Taoism builds up when merit refers fights. How does the character is appear? The ancient passed, the deity trace, has remained for the posterity is only a riddle which cannot untie.

亲爱的各位团友：

大家好！今天，我将带大家参观举世闻名的“佛教艺术宝库”——敦煌莫高窟。莫高窟在敦煌的东南方向，距市区25公里。敦煌的莫高窟和洛阳的龙门石窟、大同的云冈石窟，并称中国“三大石窟”。莫高窟的开凿比龙门石窟早128年，比云冈石窟早94年。莫高窟以它创建年代之久、建筑规模之大、壁画数量之多、塑像造型之美、保存之完整，以及艺术之博大精深，而闻名天下，享誉国内外。1987年被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产保护项目，1991授予“世界文化遗产”证书。

莫高窟创建于前秦，从北魏开始，一直走着上升的道路，到唐初已经有一千多个窟。据说，公元366年，有一个叫乐僔的和尚云游到鸣沙山下，这时正值黄昏，太阳就要沉落在茫茫无际的沙漠之中，他又饥又渴，茫然四顾，在向东方远望时，忽然看见三危山高耸的峰顶在夕阳的映照之下，金光闪闪，好似有千佛在其中显现。和尚一下子被这奇妙的景象惊呆了，欢喜万分，立即顶礼膜拜，并许下了造窟的誓愿。他随即化缘，开凿了第一个洞窟。消息不胫而走，很快传向了四面八方，于是就有许多善男信女前来朝拜。莫高窟在民间称作“千佛洞”，“千”这个数字在这里并不是指具体的数目，而是比喻很多。因为这里有许多佛教塑像、壁画，数量均超过千个，因此才形象地称之为“千佛洞”。莫高窟现存洞窟491个（编号有492个，其中485与486为同窟重号），壁画45,000多平方米，塑像2,400余身，至今已有1,600多年的历史。

大家看，前边有绿色的地方就是莫高窟，它背靠鸣沙山，面对三危峰，窟区南北全长1,600多米，现存洞窟大小不一，上下错落，密布崖面，洞窟里有栩栩如生的塑像，婀娜多姿的飞天，精美绝伦的壁画，构图精巧的莲花砖，烘托出了一个充满宗教氛围的佛国世界。

进入寺区，各位游客朋友可以环顾一下，莫高窟周围是戈壁、沙漠、不毛的秃山，而这里却独具一片青翠，泉水叮咚，树木繁荫，不能不让人感到神奇。

首先，我们去参观有名的“藏经洞”。它在第16号洞窟市道的北侧。1900年5月26日这一天，守护莫高窟的道士王圆箓在一个偶然的机会，发现了秘封了九百多年的“藏经洞”，其中所藏的隋唐、宋初的经卷、文书、织绣、图画等大量无比珍贵的文物终于重见天日。由于清王朝的腐败，加之王圆箓的愚昧，这些珍贵文物遭到了帝国主义分子肆无忌惮的掠夺和盗窃。直到1910年，清政府才将劫余的文物运往北京，收藏在北京图书馆。在运输途中以及运到北京之后，不少文物又被偷、损坏或遗失。藏经洞的发现是中国19世纪末最重要的文献发现，也是中国考古史上一次难以估量的重大损失。“藏经洞”发现的这些文献，内容包括宗教经典和多种文字书写的世俗文书，涉及到许多学科，是研究古代宗教、政治、经济、军事、文化的重要资料。而以研究敦煌遗书、敦煌石窟艺术及敦煌史地为研究对象的一门学科叫做敦煌学。它与徽州学和藏学齐名，是中国的三大区域文化之一，也是三大显学之一。

莫高窟壁画，前期以说法图、本生故事和神怪画为主，如428窟北周时期的《萨埵那饲虎本生》和《须达拿人海求珠本生》为莫高窟面积最大、画面最多、时代最早的横卷连环画本生故事。画面充满了痛苦、悲观、绝望、消极的色彩，宣扬无原则的牺牲，体现了键陀罗风格，是在继承汉画传统的基础上又吸收了印度和中亚的艺术风格。

来莫高窟途中看到的赤红色极醒目的建筑物，就是96号窟，即莫高窟的象征性建筑——“九层楼”。莫高窟建筑艺术主要指洞窟的形制，石窟本身就是具有立体空间的建筑。前期的洞窟以中心塔柱式为主，所谓中心塔柱式即开凿时就在洞窟的中央留下一个方柱，在柱子的四面开龛，龛内塑像。中期开凿的洞窟相对较大，中心塔柱式被庙堂式，即覆斗顶窟代替，多数是在洞窟正面墙壁上开较大的佛龛，塑造多身塑像，窟顶为覆斗式，天井彩绘精美的图案。后期开凿的洞窟都比较大，纵深二三十米，称殿堂窟，洞窟中央设有佛坛，佛坛上面塑造多身较大的塑像。除此以外还有禅窟、大佛窟和涅槃窟。洞窟建筑形式的转变和多样化，反映了古代艺术家们在接受外来文化的时侯，不是生搬硬套，而是吸收、融化。

Hello everyone, my name is Gao Chenrui, you can call me gao, dunhuang mogao grottoes is our destination today.

The mogao grottoes is located in Chinas 25 km southeast of dunhuang city, gansu province, the singing of the cliff face down before spring river, facing the east, north and south long 1600 meters, 50 meters high. The mogao grottoes is a national key cultural relics protection unit, commonly known as the thousand-buddha grottoes, is famous for beautiful murals and statues. It was built during the period of former qin, after the sixteen, north Korea, sui, tang, five dynasties, xixia. Is the worlds largest and most abundant content in existing buddhist art. Into the mogao grottoes, you can see the mural, but dont to touch the paintings, also dont use ordinary flashlight and flash camera, or it will destroy the murals.

The mogao grottoes is a painted on cave walls, wat top and niches, and profound contents, mainly has the Buddha, buddhist stories, kucha, decorative pattern and so on seven kind of subjects, the paintings is broad and bright magnificent, reflects the different periods of artistic style and features. Murals in the mogao grottoes, beautiful everywhere flying apsaras, playing flying in the vast boundless universe, some swooped down from the air, hold if shooting stars; Some shelf like flying through heavy floor.

Todays journey to the end, I am very glad to do a tour guide for you, goodbye!

Tourists friends, everybody! Welcome you to hefei to participate in the tour. Is a great pleasure to serve as your guide, I show you appreciate the charm of hefei humanities landscape, have a good time together.

Hefei, has a long history, called LuZhou, also known as LuYang, located in central anhui province, is located in the north shore between jianghuai, chaohu, east city, west city, 4 areas in the city, the suburb and changfeng, FeiDong, FeiXi 3 counties. The city of a total area of 7266 (458) square kilometers and a population of 425.9 127.94 (city). City road wide, tree-lined, beautiful scenery, many modern buildings, places of interest, is an ancient and young city.

As the capital of anhui province, hefei is the provinces political, economic, science and education, culture, information, finance, trade center and transportation hub, is also the national grade a open city, the national important scientific research and education base, with China university of science and technology and so on more than 30 universities. High-tech industrial park, the synchrotron radiation laboratory and other renowned Chinese and foreign.

"The name, hefei". Northern wei li daoyuans "water the note" : "the summer water surge, for at shi, the yue at." Usually called shi water nanfeihe river, water is called east fei rivers, this is a saying. One suggested another way of saying that in the tang dynasty, at the water out of the mountain chicken calls, 20 miles points north flow into two, one of the southeast flow (nanfeihe river), passing through into the chaohu lake; One (east fei rivers), northwest ShouChun into the huaihe river in two hundred. The journal, it is pointed out that "belong to different with yue fat". Two water are at, suitable for a source, points to two, yue in hefei.

Hefei notoriously, the hometown of the triple return, bao zheng, at the world, with "huai right inner pipes, jiangnan lips" strategic position, often for the mohican. In The Three Kingdoms wei will zhang liao defeat sun quan xiaoyao jin comply to the army battle, namely happen here. More than two thousand years ago, had begun to form business will be here. Qin and han in the county, the Ming and qing for LuZhou FuZhi, republic of China, is the capital of anhui province, is now thousand Qiang scale times, merchants radial business will be.

Hefei, known as "green city", "garden city" reputation, the ring park was built on the basis of the ancient city walls, hefei hill along the undulating hills, the terrain, together with the original green belt and the moat, fine building. Total length of about 9 km, ring park is divided into six scenic area, among the more famous south, Xia He morning dew of the Milky Way area; Lake mountain set each other off, water, green maple red xishan scenic spot; Trees, lawns evergreen HuanBei scenic spot. This ring park, without a gap of the wall surface of water, and a fascinating scenic jiangnan scenery.

Hefei economy by leaps and bounds in recent years, urban construction changes with each passing day, the five flying things over, LuZhou colorful lights. High and new technology development zone, economic and technological development zone, longgang industrial zone surrounding the Mosaic. Through the city at the water park around the city like a jade necklace; Free and unfettered ancient ferry, hatosy xiuse, yao hai park such as pearl strew; Of shushan chunxiao, bao cemetery, teach crossbow traces of brahman clocks, prince, roaming, meanwhile, ancient theory today, make people linger on.

Hefei many places of interest. Once upon a time, there was the town huai Angle of rhyme, the buddhist temple bell, hidden boat grass color, teach crossbow SongYin, of shushan xue ji, huai PuChunRong, chaohu night, four top sunglow eight place, generally referred to as the "LuYang eight sights". The chaohu lake night, four sunglow scene, such as has not in hefei; Town huai Angle of rhyme, etc, because over time, things change, has collapsed, become history. Now the places of interest to teach crossbows, zoroastrianism temple, free ferry, bao temple, etc. The most famous.

Hefei the jie people spirit, celebrities, star turning, reform and opening up to hefei has brought a new era. Today, guided by positive science city, industrial city, garden city, rewarded brand-new posture, smile to maintaining truthful to meet, know more friends all over the world.

Friends, the hefei visit is coming to an end today, welcome you and your friend come again pingwu and sightseeing. Wish you a happy life.

The word "hutong" (胡同) means "water well"(水井) in Mongolian. The Mongolians keep thenomadic tradition of settling down around springs or wells. A hutong is the passage formed by lines of siheyuan (四合院, four-side enclosed courtyards). Strictly, hutong alleys are less than nine meters wide. Most hutongs in Beijing run in an east-west or north-south direction, with most houses facing south to take in as much sunshine as possible.

A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings. Usually, a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study.

Hutong joins hutong, and siheyuan meets siheyuan to form a block. Blocks join with blocks to form the whole residential constructions.

敬爱的游客们：

你们好!今天我们要去云南的丽江古城。现在，我们准备登机了，请保管好您的随身贵重物品，谢谢!

丽江古城位于云南省丽江县玉龙雪山下的一块儿海拔2400米的高原平台上，总面积为3800平方米，1997年联合国教育文组织将丽江古城作为世界文化遗产，列入《世界遗产名录》。

敬爱的游客，我们现在前往大研古城。大研古城与其他古城不同，没有城墙。据说这里的统治者姓木，忌纬加上方框而成困字。

游客们现在我们来到玉龙雪山下，请大家穿好大衣，备好氧气，我们准备登山。大家看，这些厚厚的冰雹、冰和雪都是经过长年积累而成的，有很多人都会来爬着座抬头不见顶、低头不见尾的玉龙雪山。

Ladies and gentlemen，

Hello, Confucius said, has the friend to come from the distantplace,delight. Today, I am precisely have this kind of feelings toreceive fellowfriends the arrival.

Luoyang, is the historical famous city which the Chinese and foreigniswell-known. She has glorious historical, bright cultural and themultitudinouscultural relic historical site. In order to cause fellowguests at Luoyang periodcan has the further understanding to thisancient city historical culture and thehistorical site, is riding ina carriage the scenic spot visit on the way, ILuoyangs history andthe Longmen Grottoes approximate situation, will make thesi-mp-leintroduction to everybody. Luoyang is located west Henan Province,theYellow River middle reaches Nanan. Because of is situated at northshore theLuohe river to acquire fame, Italy is positive for the Luoriver water.

Luoyang in the history once was the city which the multitudinousdynastyfounds a capital, is known to be "nine faces the ancientcapital". In this morethan 1,000 years historical perpetual flow,Luoyang once the long time tookChinese the politics, cultural, theeconomical center. Today, we visit the worldfamous Longmen Grottoesthen are one of multitudinous cultural relic historicalsites.

The Longmen Grottoes, in the Luoyang Nanjiaos Dragon Gate mountainpaplace,are apart from the urban district 12.5 kilometers, too and19 years opens cuttingfrom Northern Wei Dynasty, up to now some morethan 1,500 years history, it withthe Dunhuang Mogao Caves, the Datongcloud hillock rock cave, together hascomposed our country famousthree big rock caves art treasure house.

Dragon Gate, in the Spring and Autumn Period Warring States timecalled"Iraq Xiangshan (Dongshan) (Xishan) the thing confrontswith Longmen Mountain,the Iraqi water from the average, has formed agrand gate Latter because is inthe Sui and Tang dynasties empiresouth, also calls Dragon Gate.

So-called "rock cave", is the hole which opens cutting on the cliffcliff isstraight, perhaps natural forms the pit hole, with hides orstores food and thething. As early as in primitive society, thepeople have used the natural pithole description zoomorphism and thelife scene, however by the phenomenonappears and the placewhich as the buddhist, the clergy worships buddha and leadsa piouslife, actually is starts Buddhism after ancient India to appear.

As a result of wooded mountain lonesome and quiet, mystical, rock cavewarmin winter and cool in summer, the rock cave uses the templeconvenience accordingto Shan Diaozao which the bricks and stonesbuilds to be more durable than,therefore appeared the collectionbuilding, the drawing, the vulture in ancientIndia has chiselled artto accomplish This kind of art, does missionarywork theactivity along with the clergy to spread to our country theborder area and theinland, with our country national characteristicsand the traditional each kindof artistic technique style fusionconnection, becomes our country one kind ofunique carving, thecolored drawing on pottery craft. We must look today theLongmenGrottoes are one of in our country multitudinous templegrouptreasures.

Yangzhou dongguan street is located in yangzhou city, jiangsu province, is the most representative of yangzhou city is one of the historical street. It is east to the ancient canal, National Day road on the west, the total length of 1122 meters. Is not only the yangzhou dongguan street, before the amphibious transportation route, and is a business, handicraft industry and religious and cultural center. High street bustling street, merchants, the business is thriving. Lu chenhang lines, fresh fish, melon and fruit, bamboo line nearly hundred. Dongguan "old" businesses have opened on the street in 1817 four beautiful sauce and pickle shop, Xie Fuchun powders shop in 1830, 1862 Pan Guang and hardware stores, 1901, 1909 Chen Tongxing Xia Guangcheng tofu shop shoes shop, 1912 dried big prosperous ZhiDian, 1923 earthquake TaiChang powder, 1936 hong-xing zhang, 1938 qinfeng appreciating the pawn shop, 1940 seems fresh tea club association abundant south goods shop in 1941, 1945 LingDaXing appreciating shops, in 1946, the rich of the pawnshop, in addition to Zhou Guangxing hat shop, HengMao oil hemp shop, along the southern Thailand goods shop, hengtai auspicious color, Zhu Deji flour shop, etc.