明显陵英文导游词【最新20篇】

Everybody is good! I am the "dunhuang tour guide, my name is xiao, people call me xiao guide. Today, I will take you to visit all of dunhuang mogao grottoes. Chinas three major grottoes, the mogao grottoes is digging at the earliest, continuation of the longest, largest and most abundant content of the group. In the cultural history of the world also has precious value. "Human culture treasure", "image history museum", "the world gallery," said.

Now I enter the caves to visit, first we went to visit a famous "published". This cave is located in the system engineering, caves, on the north side of the aisle number 17 wat, caves were during the late tang dynasty monk hong "shadow wat" of hexi is, the fact that there are inscriptions carry. One day in May 1900, management of the mogao grottoes of Taoist Wang Yuanlu in an accidental opportunity, opened the secret "published" over the years, these valuable cultural relics finally rediscovered, but the foolishness of corruption of the qing dynasty and Wang Yuanlu make these precious cultural relics by imperialists unscrupulous plundering and taken. Tsarist Russia in 1905, Mr Lu, came to the mogao grottoes, in six packages daily necessities for bait, defraud a batch of cultural relics. In 1907, the British stein, only use dozens of pieces of silver water chestnuts, rob took about more than ten thousand volumes, as well as Buddhism embroidery and painting more than five hundred, courtesy of the British museum; In 1908 the French pelliot stole more than six thousand cultural relics, now hidden in Paris, the French national library and the museum. In October 1911, the Japanese otani light ray of the expedition yoshikawa small ichiro stole more than nine hundred volumes and orange red. Until 1910, the qing government will be more than looted relics to Beijing, in Beijing library. During transit and transported to Beijing after many relics stolen, damage, loss, is one of the most difficult to measure in Chinese rubbings. "Published" find these documents written content including religious classics and a variety of the instrument, it involves many disciplines, is the study of ancient religious, political, economic, military and culture of the important information, after decades of research, scholars both at home and abroad to creat a new popular subject, dunhuang studies.

So why when is published, sealed? A say: at the beginning of the 11th century, when xixia invasion, dunhuang hidden in order to protect the classic; A say: no, but cant discarded sacred scripture stored; Say again: in order to prevent damage and hidden muslims. Later to collect these classic monk, fled, the secularization of secularization, dead dead. Until we found the cave at the turn of the century, no one knows anything about it.

Below 328 wat, I take you to visit the caves of the exciting part of statue, before enter the caves, is painted sculpture to introduce general situation for everyone. The mogao grottoes colorful plastic round plastic, plastic, plastic film, etc. The shortage of the small surplus ", the biggest 34.5 meters high, is the worlds fourth Buddha. General statue is made from wood step-stone, tangle on straw, straw, reed, linen, silk, etc., and then use a special glue plastic coated, plastic sculpture, color painting on the final. Statues are mainly four categories: (1) the figure of Buddha, Buddha, maitreya, the medicine guru Buddha, amitabha, and iii, vii Buddha; (2) the bodhisattva as, including guanyin, manjusri, samantabhadra and make offerings to the bodhisattva, etc.; (3) the disciple like, including kasyapa, difficult; (4) god like, including pop, guinness, lohan, etc., there are some ghosts and gods and god beast, animal figures. Because of the different production s style is completely different, especially the wei jin southern and northern dynasties period of the "show bone like", "tsao water" and "wu zone when the wind" of the tang dynasty style, fully embodies the masters of the art extraordinary imagination and thinking.

Sculpture is the main part of the cave, a combination of 2 to 1 Buddha bodhisattva, the thin thick and gradually evolved and post. Since the sui, tang there was a shop portraits of seven or nine of the body, also appeared a large statues, such as 148 wat, wat, and 158 of more than two at 16 meters of nirvana

The interpretation of how time flies, I finished. The following please free activities. Before the activity, I am still an old saying goes: please protect the environment, cherish every inch of the land of the mogao grottoes. She is not only a showplace, still the pride of our China! Ok, come to here to 12 o clock. We are going to have lunch at the hotel.

Lijiangs commentaries, 350 - word model essay 3:

Everybody is good! I am your tour of lijiang tour guide. I am very glad to be with you the happy time together! My name is zhang. You can call me a guide.

Please come with me. Here is the old town of lijiang. Ill give you a brief introduction of lijiang. Lijiang also known as dayan town, is located in the middle of lijiang dam, known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". It is the only ancient city without walls in Chinas famous historical and cultural city. Lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers, the ancient times is known fairs and towns. The ancient city of existing residents 6200 households, 25000 people. Among them, the naxi nationality for the vast majority of the population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in produced with copper, silver, fur, leather, textiles, brewing traditional handicraft industry and business activities.

Ok, now you give me into the city to see.

Lijiang is an ancient city without walls, dayan ancient city is a strong cultural atmosphere of the town.

Lijiang ancient and the street of the city of mountain was built, mostly covered with red breccia, the rainy season will not muddy, also wont fly ash of the dry season, the stone patterns of natural elegance. Look, smooth and clean green flag road, completely hand-built civil housing structure, ubiquitous Bridges.

First of all, we came to the "human penglai", it is located in penglai pavilion at the entrance of scenic spot, middle frontal subject "human penglai" four glittering gold characters, this is the song dynasty scholar su shi hand stitch. After "world penglai" lane, straight forward, got to "danya wonderland", it is a glorious, towering spectacular, listen to the tour guide said, "danya wonderland", is the door of the "wonderland", if visitors step across the past, immediately became a fairy, if two step across the go a fortuneteller. Step after the immortal, we visited the grandeur of the dragon palace, of primitive simplicity and elegant, temple, finally came to the "". The eight immortals is said to have drunk here after the situation across the sea roam, peng lai pavilion that is the reason.

"Penglai pavilion" is a layer of wall engraved with the "hula" sunrise, "night tide crescent", "thousand welcome broken jade", "Wan Licheng wave", "mountain city" now, "leakage day run 10" scenery friezes, second is built according to the pattern of "the eight immortals drunk" statue. The cabinet top, let a person have a state of mind, happy to exceed the open and free from vulgarity. On the cabinet body, staring at the blue sky, white clouds, white looked down at the surface of the ocean waves, the seagulls fly at sea, in the distance, and sometimes a few fishing boats, fishing sailed on the sea. Came to the city of appreciation "penglai pavilion" is a beautiful scenery, the first danya mountain, clear water with HaoMang set each other off, attic at the top, as if inlaid in the trees even ladies eye, in the next to a beacon of commanding, spectacular, just as soldiers guarding penglai pavilion, is standing majestically on the cliffs. Surrounded by a wall of lists of the majestic mountains, majestic, good a "XianGe big empty" figure! Have to go, my heart can not help but sigh, "the world penglai" is really better than wonderland!

Good morning， ladies and Gentlemen， Welcome to China！ Welcome to Hubei Province！

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River， the Yangtze River， the biggest river in China， the third longest in the World， starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World —Qinghai—Tibet Plateau， takes in countless rivers， and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6，300 kilometers， the Yangtze River， next only to the Amazon and the Nile， is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China， it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side， creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges———Qutang， wuxia and xiling————start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang， stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge， but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River， mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup， as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank， at a place called Bellows Gorge， are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices， some containing bronze swords， armour and other artifacts， but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period （475bc————221BC）

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange—shaped mountain peaks， each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this： 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was， they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by， they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak， the most graceful of the 12， is said to have been yaoji， the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell， hence its another name， Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance， it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids， shoals， reefs， sharp turns， billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock， which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung， whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge， which has four rocks， resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples———Monkey， Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well—known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping， Yichang， Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb， equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built， the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled， navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen， the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me， then， take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding， and if you come back in the future， I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

Henan, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River incentral and eastern China, is called Henan because most of the area is locatedin the south of the Yellow River. In ancient times, in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yellow River, there were many rivers, dense forests and wildelephants. Henan was vividly described as the place where people led elephants.This is the origin of the pictograph "Yu" and the origin of Henan abbreviated as"Yu". Yugong, the book of history, divides the world into nine states. Yuzhou isone of the nine states in the world, so it is called central plains andZhongzhou.

famous scenery

There are three world cultural heritages in Henan: Longmen Grottoes, YinRuins and historical buildings in heaven and earth. There are 8 National 5Atourist attractions, including Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yuntai Mountainqingtianhe Shennong mountain, Qingming Shanghe garden, Yinxu, Baiyun Mountain,Yaoshan mountain Zhongyuan Buddha, Laojun Mountain Jiguan cave. There are fourworld geoparks: Songshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Wangwu mountain Daimeimountain and Funiu Mountain. 15 national key scenic spots: Songshan Mountain,Luoyang Longmen Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Wangwu mountain, Yuntai Mountain,Yaoshan mountain, Linwu mountain, qingtianhe River, Shennong mountain, Tongbaimountain Huaiyuan, Zhengzhou Yellow River scenic spot.

Best travel time

Henan has a warm temperate subtropical and humid semi humid monsoonclimate. Generally, it is characterized by cold winter, less rain and snow,drought in spring, more sandstorm, hot summer, abundant rain and sufficientsunshine in autumn. The best time to travel is autumn.

regional distribution

Henan Province governs 18 provincial cities, including 17 prefecture levelcities, 1 city directly under the provincial government, 50 municipal districts,20 county-level cities and 88 counties.

History and culture

Henan, known as the Central Plains in ancient times, is the birthplace ofChinese civilization and the Chinese nation. It is the core area of Chinesehistory before Yuan Dynasty. Luoyang (the ancient capital of fifteen dynasties),Kaifeng (the ancient capital of seven dynasties), Shangqiu (the ancient capitalof Six Dynasties), Zhengzhou (the ancient capital of Five Dynasties) and Anyang(the ancient capital of two dynasties) are all famous ancient capitals forthousands of years. The Xia Dynasty successively established its capital nearXiayi (now Shangqiu), Erlitou (now Luoyang) and Yangcheng (now Zhengzhou). TheShang Dynasty established its capital in Bo (todays Shangqiu) and later movedto "Yin" (todays Anyang). During the 4000 years from Xia to Jin, there weremore than 10 dynasties, and more than 200 emperors established or moved theircapitals in Henan for more than 3200 years. During the period of civil strife inChina, Henan was the place where the heroes "fought for the Central Plains". Thename of "China" came from the country whose center was located in the CentralPlains.

"Bao guang, west park, north green cloud, in yuan." To yuan temple is located in wuhan hanyang CuiWei feng cui wei road west side, and GuQinTai adjacent. Say "convenient to return yuan no 2, there are many." Yuan temple temple name comes from this. To yuan temple site for private garden in Ming dynasty, by 1658, the park owner give alms to the monk in this build three small tower, tower buried unowned bones. Deng shedding pay property to build temples, then experience generation reconstruction in succession, hence become todays pattern. Owned by yuan temple building area of more than twenty thousand square meters?

Main construction points, both inside and outside. The outer court is mainly composed of gate house, courtyard, ponds; The inner court by the north courtyard, then Ursa and south courtyard sutra depository arhat hall three main body construction, as well as great, earth treasure house, etc. To yuan temple give an outstanding impression is consistent with the other temple is its architecture. It would not be symmetrical pattern of grand, but slightly clutter. Originally, built the temple, begging monk cant gather together in a short time together enough money to do the arrangement. Rich when you hurry to buy to repair, otherwise wait to raise enough money, ideas in the surrounding area has first bought by others. Monks have to can only have a sum of money in one place. The gate toward the east, but gradually from the south to the north side in buildings. Compared with the general big jungle, be yuan temple "hundred feet maolin, thousand bamboo pole, and red, brake, green around the cloud room", colorful, beautiful and pleasant.

Drops after lotus leaf green lotus pond, lotus flower in full bloom, is Ursa major, the temple Buddha like guanyin is the island, on both sides and 24 the heavens like, placed on a sloping surface, high technological level. Particularly noteworthy is that the sugar like sweets before running, it is not normal fabric, but wood and wood is wiser. Behind the of primitive simplicity and elegant modelling is unique, with high appreciation value, is a rare art treasures.

To the north and to the sutra depository, the magnificent building, decorative and elegant, is the treasure house of collection of cultural relics to yuan temple. Hidden inside a set of qing and bei Ye Zhenjing,.chinese or copper Buddha, both for treasures, and also has given some buddhist relics abroad. Main hall displays a Burmese jade Buddha statue, very beautiful.

West sutra depository, bypass tuas pavilion, south to the south of arhat hall, went into his house, can see a "field" glyph of five hundred arhats. Their ups and downs sit, joys and sorrows, each feminine beauty, rich distinguishing feature each, or legged earphones, or design, or studying buddhist scriptures, bouldering or drive out evil spirit, each are not identical, some brave, some gentle, some naive, silly, and some vicissitudes, expressions are all different, some in the pick up ear cleaning, some in a bored manner yawning, make people laugh. Oceans production craft level is very high, to the end of the 19th century the qing guangxu years HuangBei County wangs father and son take a nine-year into. Type used on the process linoleum bodiless lacquer special method: first use unpainted clay idol with molding model, with a thick cloth, raw lacquer paste TaoSu step by step, and make each oceans head and shoulders, ribs, leg respectively form a tendency, thus in the line of art image draws the outline of a large surface, make the action, different expressions. This process is conducive to the screw, enduring, and corrosion protection, is not bad, it is unique to China. Wuhan flood in 1954 and five hundred arhats, floating down the house after water back but intact, so wuhan folk have bathed oceans "five hundred".

To yuan temple is also one of the birthplace of the modern buddhist revival. In the spring of 1922, too the mage to yuan temple lecture buddhist, when all the listeners, stimulate too buddhist volunteers, it is the same with listening celebrity to negotiate, to better buddhist generative, must set up the buddhist, extensive training talents of Buddhism, buddhist institute to run one of the cause of this is wuchang.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

Baima temple is located 12 kilometers east of the old city of Luoyang inHenan Province. It was founded in the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern HanDynasty (AD 68). It is the first ancient temple in China and the world famousKalan temple. It is the first temple built after Buddhism was introduced intoChina. It is known as the "ancestral court" and "source of interpretation" ofChinese Buddhism. It has a history of more than 1900 years. The existing sitesand historic sites are preserved in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are alarge number of Jiagan lacquered statues of the Yuan Dynasty, such as the thirdBuddha, the second general and the eighteen Arhats.

In 1961, Baima temple was announced as the first batch of national keycultural relics protection units by the State Council of the peoples Republicof China. In 1983, it was designated by the State Council as the national keyTemple of Chinese Buddhism. In January 20__, Baima temple was named as the firstbatch of AAAA scenic spots by the National Tourism Administration.

In the seventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 64),Emperor Liu Zhuang (the son of Liu Xiu) spent the night in Nangong. He dreamedthat a golden man, six feet tall and shining on his head, would come from theWest and fly around the palace. The next morning, Emperor Hanming told theministers about the dream. Doctor Fu Yi said, "there is a God in the west, whichis called Buddha, just as you dream.". After hearing this, Emperor Han and Mingsent more than ten ministers, such as Cai Yin and Qin Jing, to the westernregions to worship Buddhist scriptures and Dharma.

In the eighth year of Yongping (AD 65), Cai, Qin and others bid farewell tothe imperial capital and embarked on the journey of "learning from the west". InDayue Kingdom (from Afghanistan to Central Asia today), I met Indian eminentmonks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan, and met Buddhist sutras and white feltstatues of Sakyamuni Buddha. I sincerely ask the two eminent monks to go east toChina to preach Buddhism.

In the tenth year of Yongping (AD 67), two Indian eminent monks wereinvited to carry Buddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together withenvoys of the Eastern Han Dynasty to Luoyang. Emperor Hanming was very happy tosee the Buddhist scriptures and statues. He was very polite to the two eminentmonks. He personally received them and arranged for them to stay in Honglutemple, the official office in charge of foreign affairs at that time.

In the 11th year of Yongping (A.D. 68), the emperor of Han and Ming orderedthe construction of monasteries in the north of Sanli imperial road outsideXiyong gate in Luoyang. In memory of Baima tuojing, it was named "Baima Temple".The word "Si" originated from the word "Si" of "Honglu Temple", and later "Si"became a general term of Chinese temples. This is the first Chinese translationof Buddhist scriptures in China.

After taking photos of moteng and zhufalan, many Western eminent monks cameto Baima temple to translate Buddhist scriptures. In more than 150 years after68 A.D., 192 Buddhist scriptures, 395 volumes in total, were translated here.Baima temple has become the first Buddhist Scripture Translation Center inChina.

In the second year of Caowei Jiaping (A.D. 250), Tan kejialuo, an Indianmonk, came to Baima temple. At this time, Buddhism also entered the public fromthe deep palace. Later, tankojaro translated the first Buddhist commandment inChinese in Baima temple. At the same time, Tan Di, a monk of the Sabbath state,also translated Tan Wu De Jie Mo in Baima temple, which regulated theorganization and life of the monks. So far, the commandments and theconstitution of the monks group have been completed, and a path of monasticpractice has been paved, which is the beginning of the commandments inChina.

In the fifth year of Ganlu (260 A.D.), a commandment ceremony was held inBaima temple, which is destined to be deeply engraved in the history of ChineseBuddhism. On this day, Zhu Shixing ascended the altar of abstinence inaccordance with the law of karma, knelt down in front of the Buddha, and becamethe first monk who formally received the bhikkhu commandment in Han China. Sincethen, the ancient Confucian tradition of "body hair skin, parents, dare notdamage" has been broken.

During the first 200 years of Buddhisms taking root and spreading inChina, the whole process is closely related to Baima temple. This is the productof Chinas first search for Dharma from the West. It is the residence of thefirst monks who came to China to preach and spread Dharma. The first ChineseBuddhist Scripture and Chinese Commandments were born here, and the firstChinese Buddhist monk was born In a word, Baima temple is closely linked withmany "firsts" of Chinese Buddhism, which makes it the real ancestor and sourceof Chinese Buddhism.

Dear friends hello, everyone, today I will take you to visit is Beijing north on the edge of the Confucian temple and guozijian, you can see here today, early to wish you happy! Beijing imperial academy is located in Beijing dongcheng district settle door guozijian street (formerly known as cheng Yin street), and the Confucius temple. The imperial overall building sits, distribution on the axis jixian door (door), business (second), coloured glaze memorial arch, construct harmony, yi lun hall, JingYiTing. Things on both sides of the four six hall hall, a traditional symmetric pattern, is the only ancient existing in our country, the central public university construction. Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation.

(illustrated)

You come with me now I see past the door; Also called lingxingmeng is Confucius temple gate, door width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door. Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics upon everyone to think in this photograph.

Everybody tell me tight I now the first into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade after six years, was destroyed in the war, Ming yongle nine years (in the reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years between the temple by expansion between 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, in the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the highest building, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. Temple consecrate Confucius "dacheng them.the most holy king," whore, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet., ghost lead the case on a statue, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are the qing qianlong drive makes genuine. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

The third into the yards most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Built in Ming jiajing nine years, rebuild two years qing qianlong, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

Good rest, the next station is a famous institution of the imperial college, all with me tight now I went to jixian quo zi jians door, the door is the door yard has well pavilions, held on the east side of the door communicates with Confucius. A second - business door, into the quo zi jian is the imperial college of the second into the yard, there are coloured glaze memorial arch, harmony and yi lun hall.

Now you tell me I will stay, let me introduce for you construct harmony and yi lun hall, came slowly into the business with me now to the door, the front is imperial academy two door large coloured glaze memorial arch, it is the only specifically for education in Beijing and set up a memorial arch. Banners are on both sides of the emperor, is a symbol of respecting culture in ancient China from. , located in jixian door are the three four pillars between the hip roof top on the 7th floor type coloured glaze memorial arch, 48 years of qianlong (1783). Is face book "teach jersey won bridge", just as the "university in section view," painting, is the only do not belong to Beijing temple coloured glaze memorial arch

Now, let me explain to you the quo zi jian construct harmony, it is the center of the imperial academy building, built in the axis center of a square in the middle of a circular pool high stage, save spire is a square faced the house. All around to open the door, set 6 steps. Construct harmony around the promenade, all set up delicate Bridges across the pool to make the house and yard are interlinked, this kind of architectural form as a symbol of nature round place. Acceded to the throne after the emperor qianlong, whenever a new emperor, are here to do a lecture, in a show of the central governments emphasis on higher education.

Six hall is on the left, it is located in the monarch harmony of left and right sides of the 33 rooms, collectively known as six don, respectively is: HFM hall, hall, hall, the truth monastery hall, hall of justice, wide industry hall of fame, is gongsheng guo-zi-jian diploma of the classroom. Ask now I have a look at the right of the yi lun hall, it is located in the north of monarch harmony hall, the yuan dynasty, chongwen pavilion, the Ming dynasty yongle rebuilt and renamed yi lun hall, in the early years was the emperor to give lectures, after construction of monarch harmony, to the prison library. You followed me to go now, behind is JingYiTing, it is located in yi lun hall, is the third into the quo zi jian yard. Building the Ming jiajing seven years, and has a drink offering wing wing and the department of industry and seven drive makes word tablet, is a place for drink offering quo zi jian in the office. You see my fingers direction, in between the Confucian temple and guozijian passageway, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi an forest of steles forest of steles. Legend emperor qianlong life ho-shen, wangjie as President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, qianlong praised, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in ones hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces

Now I first drink offering is to introduce the quo zi jian yuan dynasty famous neo-confucianism Xu Heng, at that time, a student more than 200 people. Students studying here is called "guo-zi-jian diploma", roughly three sources: a scholar in the selection of the right direction guo-zi-jian diploma from all parts of the country, to the further study; Second, foreign students, mostly from Korea and their logic, dispatched, Russia, etc.; 3 it is to "donate", front guo-zi-jian diploma, as long as the money to pay the full, can receive "prison", a guo-zi-jian diploma.

Ok everyone around now, photograph, taken everybody, whats the end of our journey, youll actually Confucius temple and the imperial college have too many things in hope you once again for coming here in a wide-variety of culture, thank you, goodbye everyone!

Hello, everyone! Im a tour guide of Disney travel company. You can call meXiaoyi. Next, Ill take you for a walk!

Please dont get separated. Ill take you to play "space flyer". Dont goup if you dare not play. This space flying car is for six people to take a car,and then enter a black hole, you will see many shining stars, and then theexciting part will come! what? Its not terrible you ask me? Its terrible! Ifyou are brave, go up! In addition, the orbit of this space flying car will move.If there is no road ahead of you, it will move to let you continue to run. Letsgo up and line up.

Now Ill take you to frog jump. This thing is made in imitation of frogs.It will jump up, go down and get up again... Finally it will fall down afterjumping. In the process of jumping, the timid can yell, so you wont be tooafraid, you have to buckle your seat belt, buckle it is very safe!

Then theres the carousel. Children can come to play, adults can of course!I dont say you all know how to play the carousel! Do not want to play there isa supermarket, you can buy water, ice cream, hats and so on. Lets go to thequeue now and start the colorful horse ride!

Look! There are many cartoon characters over there! There are Mickey Mouse,Donald Duck, Minnie and so on. They are very cute. Of course, there are manyprincesses: Snow White, sleeping beauty and so on. You can take a picture withthem and leave this happy moment!

Its 12 oclock at noon. After playing so long, are you hungry? Come tothat restaurant over there. There are a lot of delicious food here. I wontintroduce them one by one. You can start after you have a good rest.

All right, lets keep playing. There are also many games, such as: Superkangaroo, adventure roller coaster, exciting pirate ship

Welcome to ChongQing！My name is ， and my English name is Shirley. I’m very glad to be your local guide for today’s visit. On behalf of our travel agency， we hope that all of you will feel as good as today’s sunshine and enjoy yourselves here. In the following time we will have a visit on the There Gorges of Yangtze River—one of nature’s most fantastic sights by ship. During the tour if you have any questions or some good ideas please point them out， I’ll try my best to satisfy you. Wish you a wonderful journey！

Above all， I’d like to give you a brief introduction of the Three Gorges. The Yangtze Three Gorges is one of the ten most famous tour sites of China ， proudly stands at the first place of the best fourteen in China’s hottest scenic spots. Extend about 192 kilometers ，the Three Gorges made up of Qutang Gorge、 Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge .It starts from Baidi Castle ，Fengjie town in Sichuan Province to Nanjinguan of Yichang City in Hubei province， The gorges vary from 300m at their widest to less than 100m at their narrowest. The three parts of the gorges have their own characteristics.

Now， look through the windows， please. This is the first one—Qutang Gorge which wins its fame for grand precipice. The Qutang Gorge is only 8km. It is the smallest and shortest one in the Three Gorges， but its landscape is the most magnificent. The Yangtze River runs very fast here， and it suddenly looks like a thousand of seas poured into one cup.

As the ship going on， we have arrived the Wu Gorge which got the name from the Wu Mountain. The Wu Gorge extends about 44km well known for its profound beauty. Traveling in the deep seems like sailing in a nature gallery. Whenever the visitors arrived here， they were all fascinated by the famous 12 peaks of Wu Mountain. The 12 peaks stand thousands of meters high above the water. Their shapes are various and each of them has a reputation based on a beautiful legend . Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the north bank. It is the most beautiful and upright one among them.

Look， over there！ A huge rock towering among the rosy clouds in the Qingfeng， just looks like a slim and beautiful young lady.It is the Goddess Peak .Every day the Goddess Peak is the first to great the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell.

Downsream from the zigzagging Wu Gorge is the Xiling Gorge . The Xiling Gorge starts from Xiangxikou in the west and ends to Nanjinhguan of YiChang in the east.Its total length of 78 kilometers rans the longest in the Three Gorges.The name “Xiling”means “west mountains”in our Chinese becouse it located in the west of Yichang.Xiling Gorge takes on the typical scenery ot the later Three Gorges， and the scene is very splended here.

Time flies， our visit is coming to an end and its very difficult for me to say goodbye to you. I highly appreciate your understanding and cooperation. I don’t expect that all of you will remember me， but I really hope that my service is of help to you. Thank you very much and best wishes to you .

关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇

明显陵位于湖北省钟祥市城东北5公里的纯德山上，始建于明正德十四年(1520xx年)，迄于明嘉靖四十五年(1566年)，历时47年建成，是明世宗嘉靖皇帝的父亲恭睿献皇帝朱祐杬、母亲慈孝献皇后的合葬墓。 明显陵由王墓改造而来，是中国中南六省唯一的一座明代帝陵，占地面积大，达183.13公顷，是明代帝陵中单体面积最大的皇陵;其规划布局和建筑手法独特，在明代帝陵规则制中具有承上启下的作用，尤其是“一陵两冢”的陵寝结构为历代帝王陵墓中绝无仅有。下面是小编收集整理的关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇(一)

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到钟祥明显陵，我是你们的导游克塞。

明显陵是全国重点文物保护单位，位于湖北省钟祥市城东郊的松林山，是明世宗嘉靖皇帝的父亲恭壑献皇帝和母亲章圣皇太后的合葬墓，是我国数千年历史长河中最具特色的一座帝王陵寝。

显陵始建于明正德十四年(1520xx年)嘉靖四十五年(1566年)建成，前后历时共47年，其围陵面积183.13公顷,整个陵园双城封建,外逻城长 3600余米，墙高6米，墙体厚1.8米，红墙黄瓦、金壁辉煌、蜿蜒起伏于山岚叠嶂之中，雄伟壮观，是我国历代帝王陵墓中遗存最为完整的城墙孤品，陵园由内外逻城，前后宝城、方城明楼、棱思殿、陵恩门、神厨、神库、陵户、军户、神宫监、功德碑楼、新红门、旧红门，内外明塘、九曲御河、龙形神道等30余处规模宏大的建筑群组成，其布局构思巧夺天工，殿宇楼台龙飞凤舞，工艺浮雕美绝伦、一陵双冢举世罕见，是我国古代建筑艺术中的瑰宝。

显陵之奇特主要源于王墓改帝陵而形成的一陵双冢举世无双的孤例而弥足珍贵。显陵的墓主朱佑杬生前为兴献王，死后葬于松林山，明正德20xx年武宗驾崩，因其无子嗣，慈寿皇太后与首辅大学士杨廷和遵奉“兄终弟及”之祖训，遗命“兴献王长子朱厚熜”嗣皇帝位。年号为嘉靖，后朱厚熜为自立体系，用武力平息了长达3 年之久的“皇考”之争，其间廷杖致死17人，入狱、夺俸、充军、戎边、革职等官员达115余人，从而完成了自己的昭穆体系，这一重大事件历史上称之为“大礼仪”之争。此后嘉靖皇帝朱厚熜便将其父追尊为恭壑献皇帝，并将王墓改为帝陵，开始了大规模的改建扩建工程，直至嘉靖驾崩建设才停止。

显陵是明嘉靖初期重大历史事件“大礼仪”的产物，规划布局和建筑手法独特，在明代帝陵规制中具有承上启下的作用。其陵寝建筑中金瓶形的外罗城、九曲河的御河、龙鳞神道、琼花双龙琉璃影壁和内外明塘等都是明陵中仅见的孤例，尤其是“一陵两冢”的陵寝结构为历代帝王陵墓中绝无仅有，由瑶台相连而成哑铃状的两座隐密的地下玄宫神密莫测，一直为世人称奇。

显陵规划占地183公顷，其中陵寝部分占地52公顷，在这广阔的区域内，所有的山体、水系、林木植被都作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排。陵区后部的自然山丘为祖山，作为陵寝的依托，两侧的山体作为环护，中间台地安排建筑、九曲河婉蜒其间，前面山丘为屏山，构成前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的风水格局，体现了“陵制与山水相称”的原则。陵墓的最南端建有敕封纯德山碑亭一座，平面呈方形，亭已毁，内供汉白玉石碑一通，通高3.59米，宽1.15米，上书“纯德山”三个大字，碑座、碑身、碑文和碑额保存完好。纯德山东侧天子岗建有龙首龟蚨碑亭一座，俗称“山曲碑”亭，记载着陵区的范围及管理方面的内容。

陵寝外围建有高6米，厚1.6米，长达4730米，平面呈“金瓶”形状的外罗城。外罗城前端因池塘和东南砂山影响，依山就水建造歇山顶宫门一座，名新红门，面阔18.5米，进深8米，有券门三洞。门前有下马碑两座，上书“官员人等至此下马”。新红门右侧依原有天然池塘建有外明塘，外明塘后为三道御桥。过御桥为正红门，正红门红墙黄瓦，歇山顶式，面阔18米，进深7.8米，有券门三洞。进正红门神道正中毫立着高大的睿功圣德碑亭，平面布局为方形，面阔进深均为 18.3米，占地334平方米，汉白玉台基，下设石须弥座，上为重檐歇山顶，四边各开有券门，正中立龙首龟蚨睿功圣德碑。碑亭后63米处设御桥三座。

过桥便是陵区最主要的墓饰建筑，迎面为汉白玉望柱，通高12米，下为方形须弥座，柱身为六棱形，二层束腰云盘托着圆柱形有云龙纹浮雕望柱头。望柱后排列着石像生群、计有狮子、懈貂、卧骆驼、卧象、麒麟、立马、卧马各一对;武将二对，文臣、勋臣各一对，造型生动，排列有序。其后为龙风门，作为石像生的依托，龙风门设计十分精巧，为六柱三门四楼冲天式牌楼，方柱上悬出云版，上覆莲座，莲座上各雕有一尊朝天吼、正身立火焰宝珠，石墩，坊身仿木作设额枋、花板、抱框，上额枋设有门簪，方柱前后夹有抱鼓石，影壁墙下设须弥座，上盖黄色琉璃瓦，整个龙凤门不仅洁白耀眼而且金碧辉煌。

从龙凤门再越御桥便是一条长达290米的神道，该神道一反左右对称和通直的原则，作弯曲龙行状，是为龙形神道。接龙形神道是最后三座御桥。九曲河由东北向西南蜿蜒而过，河道为砖石结构，河中根据高差建有九道拦水坝。过九曲河最后一道御桥为内明塘，内明塘为圆形，直径33米，周边砌有青石护岸。塘两边各设有碑亭一座，分别为“纯德山祭告文”碑亭和“瑞文碑”亭。内明塘后，为祾恩门，面阔三间，进深二间，建有月台，前后三出云龙丹陛，门两边有琉璃影壁，影壁正面为绿色琉璃的蟠枝图案，背面为双龙腾跃，喻意藏龙护生。祾恩门外东侧，建有神厨、神库、宰牲亭等。

西侧建有神宫监，礼生乐户直房等。祾恩门后，左右为配殿，面阔五问，进深二间，前出廊。再后为棱恩殿，歇山后抱厦宫殿式建筑，面阔五间，进深四间。前出月台，石雕须弥座台基，雕栏龙风望柱。祾恩殿后为陵寝门，面阔三间、砖石琉璃结构。陵寝门后为二柱门，现仅存石柱，蹲龙战鼓，木构无存。二柱门后为石五供，现存供案和部分石雕供器。供案两侧各有碑亭一座，分别为御赐祭文碑亭和御赐谥册志文碑亭。供案后是方城明楼，方城面阔、进深皆为22.2米，设券门一道，门前有御道踏跺。门后左右设有御道台阶以供上下。方城上建有明楼，面阔、进深均为17米，重檐歇山顶，石须弥座基础，四道券门。内供“大明睿宗献皇帝之陵”圣号碑，通高4.69米。

方城后左右连接着前后宝城，前宝城呈椭圆形，东西宽112米，南北长125米。宝城内为宝顶，宝顶下为1520xx年(正德十五年)所建玄宫。宝城与方城之间建有月牙城，内有琉璃影壁一座。前后宝城由瑶台相连。瑶台为长方形，面阔11.5米，进深40.5米。后宝城为圆形，直径110米。内为宝顶，宝顶下为 1539年(嘉靖十八年)所建地下玄宫，玄宫内停放着恭喜献皇帝和皇后棺停。后宝城与瑶台之间建有月牙城，内有琉璃影壁一座。两座宝城上共有向外悬挑的散水螭首16个，设计精巧，为独特的排水系统。陵区外围沿祖山、东西砂山、案山建有显陵卫、东果园、西菜园、更铺及巡山铺等。

明显陵原始建筑和环境风貌保存完好，建筑规模宏大，陵寝结构独特，文化内涵丰厚，堪称中国帝陵的璀璨明珠。

显陵以其独特的环境风貌、精巧的布局构思、宏大的建筑规模、丰富的地下宝藏及其珍贵的历史价值而受到国家文物专家的高度重视，八八年国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位，九九年三月国家文物局又将其作为明代唯一的一座帝陵，向联合国世界遗产委员会申报世界文化遗产，联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产委员会已投票通过，将我国湖北钟祥县的明显陵列入世界文化遗产项目。

联合国专家让.路易.卢森先生视察显陵后感到十分惊讶，将显陵称之为“神奇的明显陵”，对至今已历时120xx年仍保持完好的外逻城感到“简直不可思议”。同时对显陵的保护维修工作给予了充分肯定。

好，游客朋友们，钟祥明显陵就为大家讲解到这儿，谢谢各位的支持!

关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇(二)

跨过御河上的第五座桥，我们前面的这座圆形池塘叫“内明塘”，为一人工开掘的池塘，内明塘的建置为明代其它帝陵所没有的，仅显陵一孤例。它直径 33 米，水深约 4 米。没有水源与外界相通，却大旱不干涸，大雨不外溢。水位始终保持在一固定的高度，这一现象自显陵始建至今近 500 年均未变化。据专家考证，其塘底为铜铸锅底状，水位之所以能长期稳定，可能与锅沿暗藏排水系统与陵区的地下水系巧妙衔接有关，如此即保持了一个完整的水位平衡。大家所看到的内明塘和我们在进门前的外明塘，不仅是历代帝陵没有的，它还有一奇特功能，就是在白天塘中有太阳，晚上塘中有月亮，加上当时为建显陵，嘉靖皇帝钦定有“唯我皇考，若日月之照临，光于四方，显于西土”的字句，所以这内明塘、外明塘还有引日月进塘，让日月同辉的用意。另据传，进入宝城地宫的入口即藏在水下，你们相信吗?

绕过内明塘，我们现在来到的陵恩门，显陵分为内外两城，这陵恩门即是内城紫金城的正门，请大家注意看这大门两侧各有一堵墙，叫影壁。影壁在古建筑中主要起屏障和装饰作用，可以建在大门的前后方。也可建在大门两侧，建在大门两侧的主要为增添大门的气势，这陵恩门两侧的精美琉璃影壁是明代其它各帝陵所没有的!它为琉璃仿木形式。正面是琼花图案，据说琼花代表草木旺盛，国家繁华。背面为双龙图案，有藏龙卧虎之意。

请大家看这幅汉白玉浮雕，它叫云龙丹陛。据专家认定，这快丹陛在历代帝陵中实属罕见!除了慈禧太后的陵区中有凤在上的云龙丹陛外，其余均为龙在上、凤在下，而显陵这块却为龙凤并列，凤头在上、龙头在下很独特。为什么呢?因为嘉靖皇帝进京即位时才 14 岁，他巩固地位，自立体系，母亲给了他巨大的精神支持。所以嘉靖皇帝对他的母亲非常尊敬，他有今天的地位，他的母亲是功不可没的。这块云龙丹陛也正式反映了嘉靖皇帝对母亲的敬仰之情。

进入陵恩门，我们来到的是陵恩殿，也就是人们一般所称的大殿，主要是供奉嘉靖皇帝父母神位的地方，也是举行上陵、祭祀活动重要的场所。可惜的是，整个大殿毁于明末李自成农民起义军的军火，现在仅存石基，但我们能据此感觉到整个大殿的雄伟。据说修建大殿前，嘉靖皇帝下旨仿故宫金銮殿修建，这是殿堂内木柱的石基座，它直径竟达 1.06 米，两人合抱都不能交手，而这些梁柱及殿内其他木结构使用的均是来自四川、湖广一带深山密林中的珍贵树种金丝楠木，可以想象当时的大殿是多么的富丽堂皇啊!

在大殿的两侧各有配殿五间，这些配殿主要是在举行祭祀活动时供奉神牌、存放祭祀品及咒语念经的地方。

陵恩殿后面的这个门叫陵寝门，这陵寝门只供帝、后、妃们进入，其他王公大臣们是不得入内的，陵寝门后还有一道二柱门，大家看这两根很高大的石柱上刻有一只獬豸，虎视眈眈，守卫着陵寝。二柱门后面正中就是石五供，石五供是专供帝、后、妃们祭祀谒陵的供台，由一个香炉，两个烛台，两个花瓶组成，均由青白石雕琢而成，请大家看这石香炉的炉顶，雕刻着海波、云、龙面纹，非常精美。据说，这石香炉只有后来的皇帝谒陵时才能开启炉顶使用，显陵每年都要举行数次规模不等的祭祀活动，其中尤以清明、中元( 7 月 15 日)和冬至为最盛，称三大祭。

各位贵宾，这座雄伟高大的城楼式建筑，叫方城明楼，上挂“显陵”两个大字，它是整个陵寝的标志性建筑，是专为供奉“圣号碑”而修建的。其实显陵原叫“献陵”，因当年兴王朱佑元四后溢号为“献”，其忘坟即称为“献陵”嘉靖三年三月，朱厚璁以武力平息大礼仪之争后，为他的父亲钦定陵号为“显陵”，“显陵显者，光也书泰，誓之词曰：唯我皇考，若日月之照临，光于四方，显于西土。”意思是他父亲德配天地，圣功显赫，应让普天之下都知道，并象日月一样永寸万年。由此可见朱厚璁为推尊私亲，实施“嘉靖新政”而费尽了心思。明楼木体结构于明末毁于李自成农民起义军兵火，仅存残垣断壁，现在的明楼是 1990 年修复的。

我们现在来到的这个小院落，俗称哑巴院，这里四全陵神道的起点，也是终止点。 这个小院看起来并没有什么奇特之处，实际上却隐藏着巨大的玄机：这座琉璃影壁表面上起着美化装饰作用，更重要的是它遮挡着地宫的入口。院内的神道下面是进入地宫的斜坡墓道，昔日帝后的棺椁就是从这个斜坡慢慢送入地宫的。我国历代封建帝王都实行厚葬，正所谓“厚葬以明孝”，死后还把大量珍奇异宝葬入地宫，因此帝王们最担心的就是陵寝被盗。能不能有效防止地宫被盗，这地宫入口的保密就显得至关重要，所以小院工程所用的工匠都是哑巴，他们白天休息，夜间施工，上 下工的路上都蒙着眼睛，使他们不识路途，不知道这里的地点，完工后，把他们遣送到人烟稀少的边远地区居住，因这个院子是由哑巴修的，所以叫哑巴院。当然这只是传说，还有待专家的考证。

好，现在请大家随我一起参观显陵最具有特色，也是中外陵墓史上绝无仅有的奇观，那就是一陵两冢!何为一陵两冢?就是一座陵园内有两座墓冢。那么为什么其他陵墓无此现象而独显陵有呢?这还要从墓主前后身份变化说起：明正德 14 年也就是 1519 年，墓主朱佑元因病去世，当时他只是一个潘王，依封建礼制，他的陵墓即按潘王的规制建造，我们现在看到的这个前墓冢，既是当年兴献王朱佑元死后的坟墓。

1521 年朱厚璁登基成了嘉靖皇帝之后，追封其父也就是朱佑元为“献皇帝”，并一度想将其父的陵寝迁往北京，与其他已故明皇帝葬在一起，这一想法遭到了大臣们的反对，因而未迁，嘉靖 17 年( 1539年) 12 月，嘉靖皇帝的母亲章圣皇太后在北京病故。为了给母亲寻找“吉壤”，嘉靖帝于次年 2 月南巡承天府(即钟祥市)，在拜谒了其父新献帝的陵墓后，他认为这是一片难得的风水宝地，便决定将其母亲的灵柩由京城送至钟祥显陵与父亲合葬。但经检查发现，显停放父棺椁的地宫已经进水，且较小。于是嘉靖便命工部在其父原有的墓冢后面重新修建一座新地宫以供放其父母的灵柩。这样就形成了由最初的单冢潘王坟经嘉靖帝在位几十年的不断扩建，变成一座规模宏大的前后双冢帝王陵。

我们现在看到的这座巨大的墓冢叫宝城，从空中看就像一个巨大的哑铃。前宝城是椭圆形，东西宽112 米，南北长 125 米，就是最早停放新献王灵柩的地方(现供奉大量的随葬品)，而后宝城为正圆形，直径 110 米，下面的地宫中即停放嘉靖帝父母的棺椁。

我们现在停留的这个地方叫瑶台，它将前后两座宝城连接在一起。瑶台在神话传说中是神仙聚会的地方。而前后宝城以瑶台想连接寓意人的灵魂已进入仙境。两座宝城修建的时间相隔 19 年。在我过古代有个传统习俗，那就是人死了以后是不能见天日的。于是，新地宫建成后，在旧地宫与新地宫之间修建了一条通道，并筑成瑶台。当年嘉靖皇帝的父亲与母亲合葬时，其父亲朱佑元的棺椁就是从瑶台下的通道运到了新地宫。可以说， 瑶台在显陵的地位是至关重要的。

显陵自修建至今已近 500 年了，期间经历数次劫难。其中最大上的一次即明代末年李自成农民起义。1643 年冬，李自成大军攻陷承天府(即钟祥)，拆毁朱家的家庙，并欲挖掘显陵地宫。据说正准备开挖前地宫时，恰遇 雷电交加。有迷信思想的李自成心有疑惧，未敢动土，便放火烧毁陵内所有木制结构的建筑作罢。如今科学探测证明显陵地宫保存完好，从未被盗过，这也从侧面反映了此地民风纯朴，相信将来的某一天，显陵地宫开启时定能引起全世界的注目。

显陵宝城的修筑凝聚当时先进的科学思想，请大家注意看在环形的宝城城墙上每隔一段距离都会有一个用汉白玉雕琢而成的龙头。龙头自颈部至龙嘴是相通的，所有龙头都是面朝宝城外侧。这就是显陵独特的排水系统。每逢下雨时，积聚的雨水通过龙头嘴的管道排出宝城外，以便环道干爽和减少坟冢的积水量。我们今天家里用的水龙头其叫法即源于此。除排水这一实用性外，威武凶悍的龙头也显示了皇权的至高无上，不可侵犯。同时，建造者们也是借此物之威力保卫亡灵。

各位贵宾，请随我一起登上方城明楼。

请大家看这块碑，它高 5 米，宽 1.2 米，碑身字体“大明恭睿献皇帝之陵”为嘉靖皇帝亲笔书写。这块碑具有特殊意义，它是整个显陵的名片，对显陵申报世界文化遗产并最终获得通过起了重要的作用，大家看整个碑文的两边均遭到毁坏，唯有这块碑文完好，也无断裂，这不能不说是冥冥之中的天意啊!

让我们来感受一下显陵的恢宏与神奇吧!请大家放目远望，自新红门至陵寝的这条弯曲的龙鳞神道，恰似一条旱龙，龙尾三摆，龙颈三曲，煞是鲜活。新红门与旧红门不在一条中轴线上不正式显示出了龙尾摆动的生气吗?再看九曲河，穿插于旱龙左右尤如一条水龙蜿蜒潜行，与旱龙在内明塘外交汇，形成二龙戏珠之妙。而内明糖则依风水理论“龙气见风则散，遇水则止”。具有藏风聚气、界止龙气流失，象征明代山水永固之意。此水陆二龙的设计，使整个显陵倍具生机与活力!

请大家在看整个陵区的大环境：依据古代风水学“负阴抱阳”、“背山面水”的原则，在这广阔的区域内所有的山体、水系、林木植都被作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排，以陵区后部的松林山为祖山作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排建筑，九曲河弯延其间，前面的天子岗为屏山，构成了前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的完美风水格局，形成了人文景观和自然景观的高度和谐统一。显陵不愧为古代建筑与环境美学相结合的天然杰作!

显陵的修建，是中国封建时代对灵魂信仰的集中体现，凝聚着明代中后期的政治思想、道德观念和审美趣味。同时，这种动用国家力量建造的陵墓，也反映了当时的经济状况、科学技术水平和营造工艺水平，是中国丧葬艺术的最高表现形式和建筑典范。

各位贵宾，在你们参观完显陵后，是否也会像联合国世界遗产专家让 · 路易先生那样发出同样的赞叹呢?当然，依显陵之博大，孕藏的文化历史之丰富，是在这短短时间内无法全部了解清楚的，加之我才疏学浅，知识有限，很多地方讲解尚有欠缺。为此，我将加倍努力，争取掌握更多有关显陵的知识，届时，欢迎大家再次来显陵参观游览，我也将为大家再次来显陵参观游览，我也将为大家献上更加精彩的解说。

谢谢大家!祝各位旅途愉快!

关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇(三)

我是您们的导游员(讲解员) ，下面将由我陪同大家一起游览并做讲解，希望在我们的共同努力下，一起去领略这个全人类共同财富的神韵和它背后的神奇故事。

在进入陵区游览前，我先就明显陵向大家做一个大致的介绍：

我刚才讲显陵是明朝恭睿献皇帝朱佑元陵墓，稍懂一点中国历史的人一定是想骂我了，明朝那里有过叫朱佑元的皇帝了?那我要说了，你知道的没错，我讲得也没错，不仅明朝没有，中国历史上也没有。因为中国历史上在编的皇帝的确没有这个人，因为他是中国历史上，也是世界历史上唯一一个在死后被追认皇帝的人，这也是显陵的奇特之处。尽管朱佑元生前没有当过皇帝，而在他死后被他儿子，后来当了皇帝的明朝嘉靖皇帝朱厚璁不仅追认为皇帝，而且还为他建造了中国历史上最大的皇陵。为了让显陵的规模超过中国历代皇陵，嘉靖皇帝在位 40 余年，动用了国库 40 余年的库银，几万名劳力建设了 40 多年，才建成今天的规模。它也是世界上建设周期最长的皇陵，也是全世界规模最大的皇陵之一。

显陵，是中国最早被联合国评为世界文化遗产的皇陵，而大家熟悉的明孝陵、十三陵都是在显陵成为世界文化遗产的四年后作为明清皇陵的扩充项目列入的，这主要是因为显陵有着明显的优势。首先，它完整地保留和体现了封建礼制，起着承上启下的作用，并影响到清代帝陵形制，他是明代帝陵最杰出的代表，它本身具有其它帝陵不同的独特之处：其中一陵两冢，为历代帝陵绝无仅有!中国没有，全世界也没有第二座!金瓶型外罗城、九曲回环的御河、龙形神道、圆形内外明塘也是其它帝陵绝对没有的。其次，显陵的建筑是利用中国风水理论“陵墓多与山水相称”的原则，将山水作为陵墓的有机组成部分，统一布局。建筑依山就势，错落有致，构成了一项建筑艺术与环境美学相结合的天才杰作。更重要的是，显陵的修筑是明嘉靖初年的重大历史事件“大礼仪之争”的产物。

显陵有这样多的奇特之处都符合联合国有关世界遗产的相关标准，连联合国世界遗产专家让路易先生都感到惊叹，说显陵真是一个“神奇的明显陵”。我不知道，大家游览完显陵后会有什么感想!会有什么的评价!好，各位，现在你们已经踏上明朝皇家陵地，请保持肃静，由我把大家带回到明朝……

首先我们看到的这块石碑叫“下马碑”，上刻“官员人等在此下马”八个大字，为嘉靖年间宰相严嵩手写，在我国封建社会，帝王的尊严是至高无上的，陵区被视为神圣的禁区，不仅老百姓不能随便出入，即使是朝廷命官到此谒陵，也必须在此下马，这块碑在当时具有法律作用，违者将受到严惩，同时，它是显陵重要的标志性建筑。

各位贵宾，我们面前的这座单檐山式建筑，叫新红门，穿过这座门我们就正式进入陵区了。显陵工程浩大，前后用了四十年的时间，占地面积 183.13 公顷，相当于 300 个足球场那么大，整个显陵由内外两道城墙环护，大家看，连接这新红门的城墙叫外罗城，墙高 6.5 米，厚 1.9 米。周长 3600 多米，红墙黄瓦，蜿蜒于山峦起伏中，雄伟壮观，大家所看到的这样大的外罗城当时在建陵的之后，各地官员从全国各地，各州、府、县上至东北。下至云贵，从一砖、一瓦、一石都向这里进献。每一块砖、一块瓦都有完整标明拉来自何处，可见工程之浩大。从空中俯瞰，外罗城为“金瓶”形状，“金瓶”在风水术在中认为不仅能饶气护生，而且是神仙所佩之法器。其寓意神圣吉祥。同时蜿蜒的城墙顺山势起伏，避免了建筑外在的生硬感，使之与自然环境更加和谐。显陵外罗城是明代帝陵之首创!其后的明清陵寝均沿袭了这一做法。

穿过新红门大家会发现依中国古建筑之规制，所有主要建筑均在中轴线为中心在两边展开，而新红门却偏离了中轴线，这是为什么?请大家带者这个疑问随我继续游览。

在我们的左手边大家看到的这个水塘叫外明塘，因处风水术中外明堂的位置(这个堂是厅堂的堂)故名。明堂是风水理论中的重要概念，原指陵区开阔的空地，要宽阔忌狭窄，宜山长发展之计。外明塘上接陵区九曲河出水，下通沧浪湖入水，它破墙而出，使外罗城有 90 米的缺口，说起这个缺口还有一段有意思的典故呢：据说当年嘉靖皇帝为了给自己的父母修建陵寝，耗资巨大，然国库银两短缺，拿不出如此多的款项，当朝的奸相严嵩便出计让各地知府出资筑陵，此计一出，全国各地迫于皇威相继筹措不等银两，唯云南和贵州两府因地处边远穷困地区，未能及时筹措到足够的款项，导致延误大工，后被嘉靖皇帝贬官严办，当时的设计师就决定在这一空缺段修一口明塘与两边的外罗城相连。而这一空缺段也就留下了缺—云南，少—贵州的说法。至今钟祥人仍将独缺什么说成缺—云南少—贵州。

关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇(四)

要想深入了解这座古都城，就必须首先对整个楚国历史及它所创造的灿烂文明有所了解。

按《史记·楚世家》和《国语·郑语》的说法，楚人是祝融的后裔。祝融是火神兼雷神，“能昭显天地之光明”，生时为高辛氏的火官之长，死为火官之神。祝融部落在夏朝时就已发展成为一个势力较大的部落集团，号称祝融八姓。殷商时期，祝融部落集团分布于上商之南境，因其生长牡荆，被商人称之为“荆”。西周时期，荆人的首领鬻熊，审时度势，率楚民背弃商纣王，西行投奔周文王，并受到周文王的器重。后来，周成王封鬻熊曾孙熊绎为楚君，荆楚开始跻身于诸侯之列，楚国正式诞生了。

熊绎建都于丹阳，即今襄樊市南漳县境内。熊绎的第四孙熊渠，是一位既有才识又有进取心的君主，他整军习武，趁着中原动乱之机，开始了开疆拓土的进程。春秋战国时期，楚地之主熊通，继续了熊渠的开疆拓土历程。熊通自称“楚武王”，成为天下诸侯中第一个敢于自己称王的国君。后文王即位，迁都于“郢”，今湖北宜城境内。楚成王时，楚国在令尹子文的治理下更显强盛，楚国的大国声威真正建立起来了。

楚庄王励精图治，武功之时，选拔孙叔敖实行文治，楚国出现了经济繁荣，文化灿烂的鼎盛时期。共王继位后，楚国开始走向衰弱。康王，灵王，平王，昭王之时，进一步衰落。公元前520xx年冬，吴，蔡，唐三国合兵攻楚，并陷落郢都，后秦楚联军击败吴军，昭王回到破败不堪的郢都，感伤满怀，与臣僚商议后，迁都长江北岸的今湖北荆州，都名仍为郢。

楚悼王谋求富国强兵之道，任用吴起变法，并取得了成效，一时间，楚国兵强马壮，横扫中原，初露称雄之势。威王后期，楚国成了七雄中唯一能与秦国抗衡的大国，“筚路蓝缕，以启山林”的楚国进入了最鼎盛的时期。但怀王未能把握好合纵连横的机遇，致使楚国在战国斗争中处于不利的地位，楚国开始走下坡路。公元前320xx年春，秦大败楚于丹阳，并夺取了楚汉中郢。公元前278年，秦军对楚国国都发起总攻势，很快占领了郢。顷襄王东逃至今河南淮阳，建立新都陈郢，后考烈王时，迁都寿郢，即今天安徽寿县。公元前246年，秦王赢政即位，开始统一全国的进程。公元前220xx年，秦军攻陷寿郢，绵延820xx年的楚国就此灭亡。

纵观整部楚国历史，楚子受封，昭王南征，楚子问鼎，吴起变法，宣威盛世，可以说春秋战国时期的湖北历史，从某种意义上说，就是一部楚国的兴衰史，其都城变迁丹阳，荆州纪郢，淮阳陈郢，安徽寿郢，纪南城见证了楚国的兴衰。

纪南城，位于荆州城北5公里。荆州为我国历史上的名城重镇，农商兴盛，地理位置十分重要，三国时诸葛亮称它 “据汉沔，利尽南海，东连吴会，西通巴蜀”，为历兵家必争之地。因在纪山之南，故名纪南。它是春秋战国时期我国南方最大最繁x的城市，楚国的国都，因楚国人将作过都城的地方叫“郢”，因此，纪南城又被称为“纪郢”。

据文献记载，公元前689年，楚文王“始都郢”，至公元前278年，秦国“白起拔郢”，楚顷襄王迁都陈郢，楚国共有二十个王在此建都，长达420xx年之久。

纪南城西有沮河自北向南流入长江，城东有夏水，扬水与江水交汇，城北有大道直通中原，水陆交通方便。在军事上，它可锁巴蜀，控吴越，争衡中原。在经济上，江汉平原沃野千里，物产丰富，是一个少有的富庶之地。

使楚国成为霸主的杰出人物是楚庄王。在这个历史人物身上，还颇有些传奇色彩呢!据《史迹》记载，他即位后的三年中，日夜作乐，不出号令，而且不准大臣讽谏。有位叫伍举的大臣，见庄王左抱郑姬，又抱越女，终日坐在钟声鼓乐之中，再也看不下去了，便采用寓言的形式讽谏说：“有鸟在于阜，三年不飞不鸣，是何鸟也”。庄王充满自信地说：“三年不飞，飞将冲天;三年不鸣，鸣将惊人”。遂罢乐听政。他任用贤能，开疆拓土，争夺中原，先后统一了五十多个诸侯国，被各诸侯国推为“盟主”。楚国的疆域在全盛时期，北至黄河，东到海滨，西至云南，南到湖南南部，包括长江，汉水，淮河流域最重要的地区。

在此基础上，楚国孕育了辉煌灿烂、影响深远的荆楚文化，孕育了世界文化名人屈原和他的《楚辞》。楚文化因楚国楚人而得名，是兴于周而对中x文化产生广泛影响的一种区域文化，绵延800多年，与周朝相始终。随着楚国一步步走向繁荣强盛，楚文化脱颖而出，进而与中原文化分庭抗礼，共同成为中x文化的两大主流。在以后的岁月中，南北两支x夏文化相互融合、转变、更新，一起铸就了古中国的灿烂文明。楚文化是在漫长的历史岁月中，不断发展壮大的。按楚文化不同时期的发展特点，可以把楚文化划分为滥觞期，勃兴期，鼎盛期和转变期四个阶段。楚人建都丹阳至周平王三十一年，即公元前740年，是楚文化的滥觞期;春秋时期是楚文化的勃兴期;战国时期是楚文化的鼎盛期;秦汉之际是楚文化的转变期。楚文化在民族精神层面的特征是积极进取，开放融合，革新鼎故和致死不屈。在民族心理层面的特征是崇火尚凤，亲鬼好巫，天人合一，力主浪漫，与中原文化尚土崇龙，敬鬼远神，天人相分，力主现实形成鲜明对比。在物质方面主要表现为漆器，木器及青铜器，丝织，刺绣及工艺品，郢都，宫殿及台榭建筑，帛画，壁画及屈骚庄文，编钟，琴弦及轻歌曼舞，祭祀膜拜等民俗。

纪郢作为楚国政治，经济，文化的中心，是当时我国南方最大的城市和全国最大的都会之一。汉桓谭《新论》记载：“楚之郢都，车毂击，民肩摩，市路相排突，号为朝衣而暮敝”。就是说，当时纪郢中，车碰车，人挨人，早晨出来穿的新衣服，到晚上就挤破了。这当然是有些夸张，但也说明当时纪南城是非常繁x的。

楚国后期的统治者不思进取。骄奢淫逸，使国力日渐衰退。顷襄王迁都陈郢后，楚国的大都会纪郢沦为废墟。

不过，人类在自然界留下的记载是难以泯灭的。1961年和1975年对纪南城进行的考察，获得了大量资料。当年的土城墙，仍尚存在。城内城外，地上地下，有春秋战国时期丰富的文化遗存，是研究当时社会变革和楚国历史极为重要的文化宝库。通过考古发掘，纪郢城内楚王台榭，宫殿及古建筑遗址历历可寻，陶器，铁器，铜器，筒瓦，板瓦等东周文化遗物俯拾皆是。纪南城址东西长4450米，南北宽3588米，面积约为16平方公里。城垣用灰褐色或黄色土筑成，现有高度3.9至7.6米，垣顶面宽10至14米，除墙身外，内外均有护坡。城垣外绕护城河，宽40至80米，与穿城而过的古河道相通。城垣四周发现城门7座，东垣1座，西，南，北各2座。西垣北门有3个门道，中门道宽3.6米左右，可通船只，是迄今为止世界上已发现最早的水门。城的东南部有大型宫殿遗址。附近有纺织，冶炼等作坊及商业区遗址。今城垣上立有郭沫若题写的“楚都纪南城”标牌。1962年楚都纪南城公布为全国重点文物保护单位。

纪郢城遗址周围楚墓遍地，离城不远的纪山，八岭山，雨台山和长湖边上的墓葬，规模相当庞大，埋藏了许多重要历史文物。几年前发掘了几座中型墓葬，出土文物就数以千计，其中如吴王夫差矛，越王勾践剑，越王州勾剑，楚王孙鱼戈，彩绘木雕小座屏，凤纹铜尊，错银龙凤纹尊及彩绘石磐等，都十分珍贵。是我国古劳动人民智慧的结晶。至于出土的成批的楚国竹简，更是研究当时历史的宝贵资料。这些历史文物是湖北历史悠久，文化灿烂的真实写照。

纪郢城内的凤凰山，自公元前278年秦国拔郢后，便成了秦汉时期的一处墓地。经钻探，在5.2万多平方米的范围内有古墓180多座，现已经发掘30多座，出土两千多件文物。1975年6月发掘的168号汉墓，葬于西汉文帝十三年，出土了一具保存完好的男尸，对于研究西汉初期的历史，文化，手工业以及医药，防腐技术等都有重要价值。因此，文物考古界将纪郢成为“我国南方不可多得的完璧”。

好了，各位朋友，纪南城就快到了，给大家10分钟的时间整理一下行李，就让我们一起进入这座古城，共同感受一下历史赋予它的厚重感吧!

关于湖北明显陵的导游词5篇(五)

今天 我们将要游览的就是黄鹤楼。黄鹤楼位于武汉蛇山之巅，是国家五A级风景区，黄鹤楼素有“天下绝景，千古好楼”的美称。与湖南岳阳楼，江西滕王阁并成为江南三大名楼。所以如果您来武汉不到黄鹤楼去看看，您会遗憾终身的。现在就请大家带好您的随身物品跟随我一起直奔主题吧!

现在在大家眼前的这座高楼就是黄鹤楼的主楼，主楼净高51.4米，外形类方正，四望如一。每边长35米，72根大柱拔地而起，60个翘角飞檐凌空，博采历楼之长，汇北雄南秀之风。金黄色的琉璃屋面古朴富丽，红葫芦形宝顶入夜闪闪发光，各层均具有非常浓厚的诗情画意。大家数数黄鹤楼一共有几层呢，是五层吗?其实大家只答对了一半，因为黄鹤楼是外五内九的建筑。现在先给大家留个悬念，等进了黄鹤楼再为大家揭晓谜底。下面我们就一起进主楼看一看吧。

我们现在所在的位置是黄鹤楼的一楼大厅。大厅宽22米，长14米，您看这些古香古色的大柱，周长有两米，它们直通顶层可以说是整栋楼的擎天柱。

大家再把目光移到这幅《白云黄鹤图》上，他是有756块彩陶版镶嵌而成，这幅壁画取决于驾鹤登仙的古神话，又有“昔人已乘黄鹤去”之意。大家看上面这位老者，口吹玉笛俯视人间，好像对人间恋恋不舍。他下面的那些群众，把酒狂欢，载歌载舞，仿佛是在喜迎黄河归来。大家之意到楼下的那些花了吗?是什么花呢?对了，就是梅花。梅花是武汉市的市花，作者在此也是想表明黄鹤楼的地理位置。

好，请大家随我到楼上参观。我们现在所在的地方并非二楼，而是一楼与二楼的夹层，俗称跑马廊。这样的跑马廊每二层之间都有这样一个跑马廊。刚才是黄鹤楼是外五内九的建筑，现在就为大家揭晓谜底。黄鹤楼本身有五层，每两层之间就有这样一个跑马廊，所以就有九层。这里陈列着一些历史的名人字画，大家可以欣赏一下。

现在呢，我们就到真正的二楼去参观一下。二楼中陈列着唐宋元明清和现代六座黄鹤楼模型。他们各自代表了其处各自时代的建筑风格。我们都知道古人的建筑大多以一条中轴线对称的向左右两边延伸，而大家看到的这个唐代模型可以说是再现了这一风格。看，它雄伟壮观，城与墙相连呈对称形式布局。整栋楼的颜色以绿色为主，黄色为其次。这种搭配看上去清新雅致。大家知道吗?唐代还是黄鹤楼从军事楼转变为观赏楼的转折期呢。大家再看一下宋代的楼，它的楼与城分离开来，更显雄伟，颜色也有原来的绿色转变为黄色，一则体现了当时烧制技术的革新，另一方面也说明了皇权的至高无上。而元代的形式延续了宋代的风格，明代则依然是两层。

请看这边清朝的黄鹤楼，它分三层，第一层有12个檐，代表着一天12 个时辰，第二层十二个檐，代表一年有12 个月，第三层的二十四个檐则代表一年24个节气。将我国天文历法与我国古代建筑结合起来，无不体现了我国古代劳动人民的智慧。遗憾的是在1884年的夏天也就是清光绪十年，它被雷火击毁了。

最后一座就是现在的黄鹤楼了。它是以清代黄鹤楼为基本，采用外五内九的模式。用现代材料钢筋水凝混合而成。可以说现代黄鹤楼是源于古代又优于古代了。

进入三楼，映入我们眼帘的是一副名为“文人荟粹”的陶版瓷画。画面人物神态各异，栩栩如生，再现了历代文人墨客来此吟诗作赋的情景。您看，中间那位黄袍加身的正是唐代大诗人崔颢。相传有一年，崔颢慕名来到黄鹤楼，他游览后即兴赋了一首诗：“昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。日暮乡关何处是，烟波江上使人愁。”这首诗意境美妙，是描写黄鹤楼的一首不可多得的好诗。又一年，诗仙李白来到黄鹤楼，看到崔颢的诗，并题到：“一拳打碎黄鹤楼，一脚踢翻鹦鹉洲。眼前有景道不得，崔颢题诗在上头!”吟完，搁笔而去。由于李白的推崇，崔颢的诗名声大振，而黄鹤楼也随着崔颢的诗名传四方。

四楼是黄鹤楼的文化活动场所，陈列了当代书画名家游览本楼的即兴之作，这里还专门备下了文房四宝，若是哪位游客有兴趣，不妨在此一显身手。

现在我们来到了黄鹤楼五楼的观景台。“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”，在这里我们首先看到的是这幅名为“江天浩瀚”的组画，它面积达90平方米，在全楼壁画中是最大的。它由10幅彩画组成，正面墙上的三幅是组画的中心，第一幅由上而下记载了远古的长江文化演替发展的过程。第二幅是在石绿底色上用金线描出的水浪占据了全部画面，使人似乎站到了长江的一个横断面上，感受着急流东去的波涛。第三幅反映的是三国以后黄鹤楼产生和兴废的过程。其他几幅绕大厅一周，显示出了这组壁画的主题---永存。

现在再让我们到西边观赏武汉三镇的美景吧。眼前是滚滚东去的长江和使天堑变通途的长江大桥，还有对面龟山上高耸入云的电视塔，富丽堂皇的晴川饭店，如彩虹跨江的晴川桥黄鹤楼像一位老者，稳坐于蛇山之巅见证了武汉沧桑的历史和日新月异的今天，更以期待的目光展望着繁荣昌盛的未来。

大别山

在未到达目的地之前呢，请先允许我为大家简单介绍一下大别山。说到大别山啊，我想大家的第一个反映就是这是一片红色的土壤，是著名的革命根据地无数革命先辈们在这里留下了战斗的足迹。其实，大别山还是一个旅游、避暑、度假的胜地。这里山清水秀，空气清新，气候宜人，已经被开发为“大别山生态旅游区”。在这里不仅可以让你饱赏奇峰、险岭、怪石、云海之神奇，还可以让你尽情领略天堂秀水的风韵。

大别山国家森林公园位于鄂豫皖三省交界处，罗田英山县境内，现有野生植物1487种，动物634种，森林覆盖率达96%，是鄂东的生物基因库。1996年5月林业部组织专家组对大别山国家森林公园旅游资源进行了综合考察和评审，一致认为具有极大的开发价值，并正式批准为国家森林公园。

我们都知道，浙江有个杭州，湖北有个天堂。关于天堂又这样一首民谣:你说那个天堂高不高，就在这天上九重霄;你说那个天堂美不美，人在画里云中水;你说那个天堂妙不妙，上去一看就知道。今天我们游览的就是这“根生两省，叶落三县的”天堂寨了

又句古话说：仁者乐山，智者乐水，今天您在这步步皆有景，景景可如画的天堂寨中游览，可谓是仁者见仁，智者见智了。天堂寨是大别山主峰，号称中原第一峰，它雄踞一方，最高处海拔高达1729米，总面积有50多平方公里。公园内最神奇的景观便是山!景区以山雄、壑幽、水秀而著称。天堂寨沟壑纵横，曲折幽长，竞显深奥之形。涧中泉石错落，鸟语喃喃。溪畔林木掩映，翠竹藏幽，尽显自然本色。天堂水色秀丽，碧波流长。这里的水以清澈透明、甘甜滋润而称著。景区内溪流蜿蜒曲折，萦回于山谷之中。

在登山之前呢，需要提醒大家的又三点：第一，大别山是我国七大国家级森林公园之一，是我国4A级旅游风景区，所以在游览途中，请那些为我国烟草事业做出贡献的烟民朋友们委屈一下啦，我想各位也不忍心看到这么美丽的森林因为又了烟而又任何破坏是吧。第二，路边的野花不要采，您可不要说不采白不采，因为您有可能采下的就是天堂寨的寨宝，所以请大家手上留情，脚下留意，不要沾花惹草哦。第三，在游览途中，也请大家之一风景区内的环境卫生，保护好自己的人身、财产安全。那么人人向往的天堂寨到底如何?现在就请大家带好您的

随身物品，跟随我一起去天堂寨寻找答案吧。

来天堂寨最好玩的就是攀登顶峰了，去顶峰的路又窄又长又有荆棘当道，可以说是困难重重，艰难险阻。不过在这儿呢流行一句话：不登天堂寨，枉为罗田客。来，请大家根我走这条小路，这是去顶峰唯一的路，我们要先爬上天梯，拐过九曲十八弯，越过高山岭，最后翻过跑马岗，才能到达顶峰。大家是不是觉得越是觉得艰辛越能体会到攀登的快意呢?

大家现在所看到的就是被人们誉为“天堂三绝”之一的哲人峰。大家请细看，这个峭壁高约100米，酷似一硕大头颅，阔额浓眉，高高隆起的鼻梁，肉质丰厚的嘴唇，凝思北望，仿佛在思索着一个重大的哲学命题。这里的建筑，统一为明清式。大多都是依山就势掩映布局。相当具有山寨特色。山路崎岖，请大家小心脚下，注意安全。这里看似不起眼，其实呀它具有相当有利的军事条件。

在解放战争中，刘邓大军挺进大别山，是我军由战略防御转入战略进攻的历史转折点。1947年6月30日，刘伯承、邓小平率晋、冀、鲁、豫野战军主力——刘邓大军，依照党中央的战略方针，以超人的胆识和气魄人鲁西南强渡黄河，跃进大别山，胜利的揭开了人民解放军战略大反功的序幕。

朋友们，现在我们已经到达天堂寨的顶峰天堂顶了，站在这儿，环视天下，我们可以可见十万大山拥拜于下。向北望去中原就在脚下，南眺荆楚山水尽收眼底。站在天堂顶上，凌晨观日出会让您仿佛置身于九天之外，傍晚看日落则如在仙宫漫步。每当雨过天晴，早晨登峰观云海更是气象万千，茫茫云海，层层烟流，景色更是让人叹为观止，虽然我们现在没有机会看到这一番景色，但是如果您下次又机会再来大别山看到这样的景色，您一定不会觉得失望

长江三峡

众所周知，咱们华夏大地盘踞着两条世界巨龙，一条是被我们称作母亲河的黄河，一条可以说是孕育了中华民族的第二摇篮——长江，三峡是长江的一段峡谷，要想了解三峡呢我们首先得从了解长江开始。长江是我国第一长河，发源于青藏唐古拉山脉主峰，全长6300公里，长度位居世界第三，仅次于尼罗河和亚马孙河。长江在纳百川容千流之后，穿山越谷，气势磅礴，在重庆至湖北境内形成了举世无双的大峡谷——长江三峡，早就我们今天看到的雄伟壮观的百里山水画廊。

长江三峡东起湖北宜昌市南津关，西至重庆市奉节县白帝城，由西陵峡、巫峡、瞿塘峡三个峡谷组成，全长193公里。它是长江风光的精华，神州山水中的瑰宝，古往今来，闪耀着迷人的光彩，无数中外游客为之倾倒。朋友们，现在就请大家带好您的随身物品开始我们神奇壮丽的三峡之旅吧.....

我们现在将要看到的就是风光绮丽的西陵峡了，它西起秭归县香溪河口，东至宜昌市南津关，全长76公里，是长江三峡中最长的峡谷。因位于“楚之西塞”和夷陵的西边，因此我们叫它西陵峡。西陵峡过去以“险”出名，以“奇”著称，“奇”、“险”化为西陵峡的壮美。西陵峡中有“三滩”——泄滩、青滩、崆岭滩，“四峡”——灯影峡、黄牛峡、牛肝马肺峡和兵书宝剑峡。虽然现在由于大坝的修建有的景观已经不复存在，但三峡秀丽的风光仍不改色。

到了香溪河口，西陵峡的峡谷段就走完了，穿过一段山舒水缓的宽谷地带，便进入了巫峡。巫峡因巫山而得名，东起巴东县的官渡口，西止重庆巫山的大宁河口。全长45千米，是三峡众既长而又整齐的峡，因此人们也称它为“大峡”。我们可以看到，巫峡峡长谷深，迂回曲折，船在峡中行，时而大山当前，“山穷水复疑无路”;时而峰回路转，“柳暗花明又一村”，所以有人把巫峡比喻成一条“迂回曲折的山水画廊”实在是再恰当不过了。我们都知道，巫峡是以幽深秀丽而闻名的，而其中尤以那排列在大江两岸的巫山十二峰为最。以前船过巫峡时，旅客们总是情不自禁地依栏眺望，兴致勃勃地欣赏著名的巫山十二峰。这十二峰全由石灰岩组成，高出江面千米左右，屹立在峡江南北，有的形似画屏，有的峰若聚仙……千姿万态，引人入胜。

Hello everyone, my name is Gao Chenrui, you can call me gao, dunhuang mogao grottoes is our destination today.

The mogao grottoes is located in Chinas 25 km southeast of dunhuang city, gansu province, the singing of the cliff face down before spring river, facing the east, north and south long 1600 meters, 50 meters high. The mogao grottoes is a national key cultural relics protection unit, commonly known as the thousand-buddha grottoes, is famous for beautiful murals and statues. It was built during the period of former qin, after the sixteen, north Korea, sui, tang, five dynasties, xixia. Is the worlds largest and most abundant content in existing buddhist art. Into the mogao grottoes, you can see the mural, but dont to touch the paintings, also dont use ordinary flashlight and flash camera, or it will destroy the murals.

The mogao grottoes is a painted on cave walls, wat top and niches, and profound contents, mainly has the Buddha, buddhist stories, kucha, decorative pattern and so on seven kind of subjects, the paintings is broad and bright magnificent, reflects the different periods of artistic style and features. Murals in the mogao grottoes, beautiful everywhere flying apsaras, playing flying in the vast boundless universe, some swooped down from the air, hold if shooting stars; Some shelf like flying through heavy floor.

Todays journey to the end, I am very glad to do a tour guide for you, goodbye!

Hello everyone! We are visiting Mount Tai today. Im your guide, Wu Ying.Now please follow me to see Mount Tai!

First of all, let me introduce Mount Tai to you. Mount Tai is the first ofthe "Five Mountains" in China. It has the reputation of "the first in theworld", also known as Dongyue. It is one of the most beautiful and shocking tenfamous mountains in China. Mount Tai is located in the central part of ShandongProvince. Its natural landscape is majestic and tall. It has thousands of yearsof spiritual and cultural penetration and rendering, as well as the contrast ofhuman landscape. Famous landscapes include: Nantianmen, Yuhuangding,tianzhufeng, Shibapan, etc.

Now we come to Nantianmen first. South Tianmen is located in the lowdepression between feilongyan and xiangfengling, with two peaks, as if Tianmenhad opened itself. Looking up from below, it is like a palace in the sky, whichis the gateway to Mount Tai. There is a small courtyard inside the gate. Themain hall is the hall of Sanling marquis. It was built when Emperor Zhenzong ofSong Dynasty granted Mount Tai in the winter. It was dedicated to Tang Chen, GeYong and Zhou Wu, the admonishment officials of Zhou Dynasty. Later it waschanged into Guandi temple.

Then we came to Yuhuangding. Yuhuangding is the top of the main peak ofMount Tai, which is named after the Yuhuangmiao temple. Yuhuang temple was firstbuilt in the Ming Dynasty. The main buildings are Jade Emperor hall, YingxuPavilion, Wanghe Pavilion, dongxipeidian and so on.

Well, now please go and play by yourself, and gather at Tianzhu peak inthree hours. Please pay attention to: 1. Dont litter everywhere; 2. Dont spiteverywhere; 3. Protect the trees.

Hello everyone! Today Ill take you to Prince Gongs mansion. You can callme director Chen.

The building of Prince Gongqins mansion can be divided into two parts: themansion and the garden. After entering the gate and standing in the courtyard,we will find that the mansion of Prince Gongqins mansion is composed of manyquadrangles. I saw houses lined up on both sides. The four corners of the houseare pointed, the house is gray, and there are carved bat statues on the roof.After walking through the Zhengyang gate, you come to the back garden. There aremany kinds of flowers in the back garden, including green bamboo and pink rose.There is also an artificial lake in the shape of a bat. It shows the nobilityand luxury of the royal family. Bat shaped objects and carved bats can be seeneverywhere in Prince Gongqins residence, because he Yao is a Hui people, andbats bat is homonymous with blessings blessing. He was very clever and likedby the emperor. At that time, he was among the top ten thousand people under theemperor. The emperor prayed for long live, and he wanted to be blessed.According to records, there were 9999 bats large and small in Prince Gongsmansion. Together with the blessing stele in the back garden, the blessing wasjust Wanfu.

There are three treasures in Prince Gongs mansion. The first is thetreasure house. It is 156 meters long and has 108 rooms. The rear window of eachroom is different. It is speculated that it is the mark used by He Yao todistinguish the categories of treasures, because so many treasures have noaccount books. These treasures are equivalent to one billion taels of silver.Its a lot more than the Treasury at that time. The second is the gate to theback garden, which is called the western gate. It is hand carved with whitejade. It was the only arch in China at that time. The third is the theater,because emperor Qianling often came to the theater. So it became famous.

One treasure is the word "Fu" written by Emperor Kangxi. The word "Fu" iscomposed of Zi, Cai, duo, Shou and Tian. It means more sons, more talents, morelongevity and more fields. Because the emperor of Qianling doted on he Lu, hegave this stele to him.

This is the end of todays one-day tour of Prince Gongqins residence.Welcome to our next visit.

Dear friends hello! I am a tour guide. Today we are going to mount emei scenic area is world-famous. On the emei mountain there is a legend: once upon a time, Simon, the emei county go there is a temple. One year, to a white-haired old painter, the painter and a temple monk friendship is very good. Later, the old painter with monk said goodbye, when he left to the monk four picture, and asked the monk to put this four picture in the box, live forty-nine days to hang out. Monk felt so good picture on the box its too bad, so he put the four picture to hang up.

Come back in one day, he went out and saw the four girls, feel very familiar. Hou to found the girl is the painting on the wall. He immediately went to chase, run faster because my sisters, he caught only four sisters. Four sisters hide away, he began to cry out: "elder sister, two elder sister, three elder sister, come and save me!" Three sisters see four sister dogged by monks, scolds: "this monk dont be shy!" Four sisters because every far, only to hear "dont be shy" three words, thought that my sisters in scold her, blushing shame, shame, immediately into a mountain. Monk suddenly missing girl, but there was a mountain before, I thought, you become a mountain I would waiting beside you, cant let you anyway.

Three sisters see four younger sister into a mountain, also become three mountain and waiting for her. Later, beside the mountain monks death, into a porcelain lohan, still keep the mountain. People built a temple there, is called "porcelain buddhist temple". Four sisters into four peaks, a more than a beauty. Then they take slices "moths" rewrite into mountain "I" word. Elder sister is called big asan, two elder sister is called two asan, three elder sister is three asan, four younger sister is called four asan. So far, the big asan asan, two and three asan, standing still, only four asan across a distance. Emei mountain scenery beautiful. How many visitors letters, they make poetry article, whereabouts, found them all, the number is not clear. The tang dynasty poet Li Baishi yue: "shu town, I putuoshan following difficult." ; Ming dynasty poet Zhou Hongmo shout: "three I show of guilin, why Marine penglai found."

Contemporary writer guo moruo emeishan for book "the world famous mountains"; Mount emei is also known as the "emei world show" of reputation. Through the ages, mount emei is proving worship, sightseeing, scientific research, leisure spa resort. Mount emei is one thousand years, incense exuberant, tourist flow, eternal charm. Tourists, emei mountain has arrived, please take to bring something, well set out tourism. During the visit, please do not spitting, littering, to protect the environment and mount emei wonderland.

The classmates, you all know Qingdao there are many scenic spots like pier, shilaoren, the rainforest valley, laoshan, 10 MeiAn, underwater world, zhongshan park, etc., they are all Qingdao "bright spot". Especially the trestle, shilaoren, laoshan, underwater world, a trip to visit people is an endless stream. There is also a scenic spot is given by nature and that is the sea.

The sea gives us a lot of opportunities, take the 20xx Olympic Games, for instance, Qingdao, is because of the sea, so can get the sailing events held. The sea. Has given us power, when you are tired, a glance at the sea, will vanish in fatigue. When you are stressed, looked at the boundless sea, will throw heart outside the cloud nine. The vast sea is like the sea of knowledge, let us know about the many, many. Underwater world is built under the sea.

In autumn, in laoshan, the rainforest valley, ten MeiAn is the autumn wind the leaves, the earth looks like a layer of orange on the shop carpet, the man walk on the soft, can be fun! And it is so beautiful.

Qingdao is so beautiful, I dont want this kind of beautiful landscape is those who litter destroyed, so we should protect the environment, make Qingdao a city with the sea more beautiful!

Badaling Great Wall located at Beijing yanqing county JunDouShan ditch ancient road north port. Badaling consists of "eight DaLing", "bada ridge", "eight ridge", "tatar" the four kinds of harmonics. Badaling is the mouth outside juyongguan, north to yanqing, akagi, die zhangjiakou, equal, east to yongning, universal, south to changping, Beijing and other regions, is convenient, so it is a important traffic arteries and ancient defense outpost, known as the "Beijing north first barrier". Badaling Great Wall is open to tourists the first location of the Great Wall, badaling scenic spot to the Great Wall at badaling is given priority to, build the badaling hotel and title by President jiang zemin of China Great Wall museum, such as full-featured modern tourist service facilities. Badaling scenic spot to its magnificent landscape, perfect facilities is famous in the world and the profound connotation of culture and history. "Not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall, badaling Great Wall is the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign people from all walks of life to visit in Beijing will come to that, so far, the Great Wall at badaling, including Nixon, Margaret thatcher, etc, have been established more than three hundred world famous people who hit the badaling Great Wall was xiuse view here.

Badaling Great Wall its GuanCheng is narrow east west wide trapezoid, built during Ming hongzhi 18 years (in 1505), jiajing and wanli period once repair. Something second east GuanCheng MenE topic "agent in town", engraved in the eighteenth year of jiajing (1539); Simon frontal topic "north gate lock-and-key", engraved Yu Wanli ten years (1582). Both doors to the masonry structure, coupons hole as a platform, on the north and south of Chinese Taiwan have their own channels, connection GuanCheng walls, and the stage build by laying bricks or stones around the crenel. Before and after the construction of pier 1316.

The Great Wall at badaling typically shows the Great Wall and style. As Beijing barrier, overlapping mountains here, the situation it is. Momentum is extremely powerful stretches the wall between the north and the south hovering in group of mountain majestic mountains, sight, no end. To both sides of the Great Wall more than line according to the mountain, steep cliff ancient books by "crash", the exact Outlines the badaling position of military importance.

Badaling is an important military strategic position since ancient times, the spring and autumn period and the warring states period to defense the northern nationality, in the built the Great Wall, still see the residual wall, pier remains, it leads in accord with the Ming Great Wall. Badaling is a mountainous overlapping JunDouShan at a mountain pass, in the Ming dynasty changan night said: "the road from then on, convenient, therefore the badaling, is the highest in barrier." Visible badaling geographical strategic position.

After eighty years of construction, the badaling Great Wall became chengguan associative, on the other side of the pier fort, heavy city guard, fire alarm system of tight defense.

Escort juyongguan badaling Great Wall is the gateway in history, from the Great Wall at badaling to todays nankou, grow in the middle is a 40 gorge, gorge zhongjian about city "juyongguan, the canyon hence the name" guan ditch ", and really grip the mark is badaling Great Wall, badaling on clearance groove at the top, two peak here, sceneries in a open, commanding, the situation is extremely dangerous. The ancients had "under the badaling juyongguan, such as building, such as looking well", "the agent of risks, not GuanCheng, in badaling". Visible at juyongguan is just a GuanCheng, true is built at the badaling Great Wall. Badaling mountain pass special terrain, becomes all previous dynasties mohican, therefore, here to build the Great Wall is very important strategic significance.

Badaling is the witness of many important events in history.

After the first emperor qin shihuang east tateishi, from badaling via datong, then drive back to xianyang. Queen mother XunXing shaw, yuan MAO shipments, the yuan dynasty emperor twice a year to travel between Beijing and on, emperor of Ming dynasty, the northern expedition, the article analyzes compromised, personal expedition emperors in the qing dynasty in Beijing badaling is. In modern history, the empress dowager cixi fled west tears in badaling, zhan tianyou in badaling hosts to build China is to build on our first railway, Beijing railway, sun yat-sen board the badaling Great Wall, etc., and left many historical allusion and precious historical memory, is history.

The Great Wall badaling Great Wall is open to tourists the first location. "Not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall". Badaling has received so far, the Chinese and foreign visitors to one hundred and thirty million, successively with Nixon, Reagan and thatcher, mikhail gorbachev, Elizabeth, heath, 372 foreign heads of state and the world of many characters, the badaling sightseeing.

介绍故宫的英文导游词范文

Dear:

Lying at the center of Beijing， the Forbidden City， called Gu Gong， in Chinese， was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum， it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape， it is the world‘s largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate， to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)， which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters， while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section， or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section， or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court， fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries， it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987， the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.

Construction of the palace complex began in 1407， the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan， a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.

Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family， it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles; decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However， there is one exception. Wenyuange， the royal library， has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.

Nowadays， the Forbidden City， or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders， the grand and deluxe halls， with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".

ladies and gentlemen:

welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.

the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?

the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.

the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.

the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?

according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.

once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.

now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.

it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)

this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .

the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)

(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.

the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.

to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.

aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.

in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)

the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.

Now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.

entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.

the passage is divided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.

contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.

looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)

this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.

the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .

today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.

the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.

(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.

without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.

the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.

the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.

the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.

by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.

from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.

well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.

“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖，神女应无恙，当惊世界殊。”

要说三峡大坝，不能不先说长江三峡。长江三峡位于长江上游渝鄂川界处，跨重庆市的奉节、巫山和湖北省的巴东、秭归、宜昌五县和宜昌市。西起奉节县白帝城，东至湖北省宜昌市南津关，全长192千米。两岸因燕山运动褶皱隆升的巫山、黄陵庙和八面山山地，由于长江强烈切穿，形成瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡三段大峡及大宁河宽谷、香溪宽谷，总称为长江三峡。

三峡工程在旅游观光中更有其独特的魅力。坛子岭观景台是三峡大坝工程旅游观光的制高点，登上坛子岭，极目远眺，三峡大坝工程的景观可一览无余，尽收眼底。正在建设中的三峡大坝工程的工地上，滚滚的涛声，鼎沸的人声和轰鸣的机器声，声声入耳，汇成了一首热火朝天，汹涌澎湃的劳动交响曲。

三峡大坝建成后，将形成从宜昌到重庆绵延650公里的人工湖，到那时，碧水连天，烟波浩淼，“高峡出平湖”的壮观景象将展现在世人面前。三峡大坝则宛如一条出海的蛟龙腾飞江中，又如一架美丽的彩虹横卧江上。两岸群山叠翠，绿水环绕，小岛星罗棋布，溪流蜿蜒曲折，峡谷纵横交错，秀美的自然风光必将令人们如游画廊，心旷神怡。