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明显陵英文导游词(实用20篇)

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昆明概况的英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1964 字

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Kunming lake dianchi lake for short, is located in the southwest of yunnankunming, around 300 square kilometers, in more than 1800 meters above sea level,even your depth of 5 meters. Pool of the surrounding mountains, acquainting,famous countless, wide, green lake, excellent scenery. As a result, was regardedas one of the jewels in the yunnan-guizhou plateau. The formation of the dianchilake is located in the bottom because the fall of faults, forming lakes. Heavenear the mountains, endless miles. Underground cave not counted, liaoning benxiwater tunnel and devoted WangTianDong, shenyang Tibetan army hole and itscontrast, like a snail and elephants. Composition nets

Magnificent grand view pavilion, in the lake. Chinas most famoushistorical records a coupon from the long, recommended by chairman MAO. Thewestern hills near the risks and magnificent, haigeng sports park, zheng hepark, famous in the world, nie ers tomb, let a person respect, stone mountainvillage, white fish mouth, kuanyinshan magnificent appearance, the prosperity ofancient tomb complex sites let person fancy here.

, looking up, lakes and mountains, loud and clear, that look very cool. Whynapa lake, breeding and growing fast. Years, built roads and tourism, touristsas a cloud. Brigitte chicken mountains and golden horse very image, between theshores of lake shi, tree forest. A and a looming temple, especially yan templemonks chanting loud voice to the morning bell and evening drum reminders,echoing in the mountains, is a beautiful picture.

Many mainland minorities, such as bai, dai, SaNiZu, fine clothes. Standbefore is not expensive ethnic handicrafts, such as batik dress and jewelry.Many flavor snack, I just dont back to the assembly meeting to eat lunch anddinner, as some are full.

Yang Dian scholars in Ming dynasty there are poems said: climate is oftenas one, 4 flowers on spring. Is singing the weather and beautiful scenery here,seems to be added to travel a vacancy.

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篇1:庐山英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1787 字

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Tourists friends, hello! I am your tour guide Gao Yingli today, you can call me gao. I will accompany you play todays main attraction -- lushan waterfall. Hope that we can happily through the day.

Lushan waterfall has a long history, past many writers saoke fushi in this inscription, its spectacular tribute to the magnificent, lushan falls to bring a high reputation. Nature is one of the most famous tang dynasty poet li bais "lushan waterfall", song has become eternal.

Lushan mountain plains of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze and poyang lake bank, long steep cliffs, waterfalls. Yu Shao Shiyun: "province at the southern bank of the Yangtze river lake, lushan scenic yan; pull cliffs cliffs flying waterfall, qifeng show ridge around the clouds", is a marvel of the lushan waterfall.

And one of the most famous waterfall should number 3 fold springs, known as lushan first wonders, old "lushan" before the three fold springs, not say. Triassic spring waterfall, water is arrogant on mountain, flows slowly after a while, another five-old-man peak back, through the mountains and rivers stone steps, folding into three fold, so named after Triassic springs waterfall.

Standing in front of the Triassic springs waterfall view stone bench lifted up his eyes, but to see the nearly hundred metres of practice from north white cliff mouth hanging on the big rock, bai lian hang in the air, Triassic, as the ancients cloud: "the superior practice, such as floating clouds drag intermediate such as gravel jiggled ice, at a lower level, such as jade dragon pool." And in the water splash, far more than ten meters still wet idea pungent.

Now you can go to play, collection postscript to get over the gate. Dont litter, cigarette butts in a scenic spot. I wish you all have a good time.

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篇2:明显陵导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 854 字

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请大家看这块碑,它高 5 米,宽 1.2米,碑身字体“大明恭睿献皇帝之陵”为嘉靖皇帝亲笔书写。这块碑具有特殊意义,它是整个显陵的名片,对显陵申报世界文化遗产并最终获得通过起了重要的作用,大家看整个碑文的两边均遭到毁坏,唯有这块碑文完好,也无断裂,这不能不说是冥冥之中的天意啊!

让我们来感受一下显陵的恢宏与神奇吧!请大家放目远望,自新红门至陵寝的这条弯曲的龙鳞神道,恰似一条旱龙,龙尾三摆,龙颈三曲,煞是鲜活。新红门与旧红门不在一条中轴线上不正式显示出了龙尾摆动的生气吗?再看九曲河,穿插于旱龙左右尤如一条水龙蜿蜒潜行,与旱龙在内明塘外交汇,形成二龙戏珠之妙。而内明糖则依风水理论“龙气见风则散,遇水则止”。具有藏风聚气、界止龙气流失,象征明代山水永固之意。此水陆二龙的设计,使整个显陵倍具生机与活力!

请大家在看整个陵区的大环境:依据古代风水学“负阴抱阳”、“背山面水”的原则,在这广阔的区域内所有的山体、水系、林木植都被作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排,以陵区后部的松林山为祖山作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排建筑,九曲河弯延其间,前面的天子岗为屏山,构成了前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的完美风水格局,形成了人文景观和自然景观的高度和谐统一。显陵不愧为古代建筑与环境美学相结合的天然杰作!

显陵的修建,是中国封建时代对灵魂信仰的集中体现,凝聚着明代中后期的政治思想、道德观念和审美趣味。同时,这种动用国家力量建造的陵墓,也反映了当时的经济状况、科学技术水平和营造工艺水平,是中国丧葬艺术的最高表现形式和建筑典范。

各位贵宾,在你们参观完显陵后,是否也会像联合国世界遗产专家让 ·路易先生那样发出同样的赞叹呢?当然,依显陵之博大,孕藏的文化历史之丰富,是在这短短时间内无法全部了解清楚的,加之我才疏学浅,知识有限,很多地方讲解尚有欠缺。为此,我将加倍努力,争取掌握更多有关显陵的知识,届时,欢迎大家再次来显陵参观游览,我也将为大家再次来显陵参观游览,我也将为大家献上更加精彩的解说。

谢谢大家!祝各位旅途愉快!

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篇3:2025年湖北明显陵的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 8271 字

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各位贵宾,大家好!欢迎来到世界文化遗产明显陵参观游览。

显陵,是明朝恭睿献皇帝朱佑元与皇后蒋氏的合葬墓,始建于 1519 年,至今已有近五百年的历史了。早在 1988年就被国务院列为国家级重点文物保护单位, 20__ 年底,显陵申报世界文化遗产获得成功,被录入联合国《世界遗产名录》,成为世界人民共同的财富。世界遗产目前全世界共有 500 多处,中国仅 30 处,属文化遗产的仅21 处,湖北仅 2 处,即武当山和显陵,全国 32 个省市大部分一处都没有。

我刚才讲显陵是明朝恭睿献皇帝朱佑元陵墓,稍懂一点中国历史的人一定是想骂我了,明朝那里有过叫朱佑元的皇帝了?那我要说了,你知道的没错,我讲得也没错,不仅明朝没有,中国历史上也没有。因为中国历史上在编的皇帝的确没有这个人,因为他是中国历史上,也是世界历史上唯一一个在死后被追认皇帝的人,这也是显陵的奇特之处。尽管朱佑元生前没有当过皇帝,而在他死后被他儿子,后来当了皇帝的明朝嘉靖皇帝朱厚璁不仅追认为皇帝,而且还为他建造了中国历史上最大的皇陵。为了让显陵的规模超过中国历代皇陵,嘉靖皇帝在位40 余年,动用了国库 40 余年的库银,几万名劳力建设了 40 多年,才建成今天的规模。它也是世界上建设周期最长的皇陵,也是全世界规模最大的皇陵之一。

显陵,是中国最早被联合国评为世界文化遗产的皇陵,而大家熟悉的明孝陵、十三陵都是在显陵成为世界文化遗产的四年后作为明清皇陵的扩充项目列入的,这主要是因为显陵有着明显的优势。首先,它完整地保留和体现了封建礼制,起着承上启下的作用,并影响到清代帝陵形制,他是明代帝陵最杰出的代表,它本身具有其它帝陵不同的独特之处:其中一陵两冢,为历代帝陵绝无仅有!中国没有,全世界也没有第二座!金瓶型外罗城、九曲回环的御河、龙形神道、圆形内外明塘也是其它帝陵绝对没有的。其次,显陵的建筑是利用中国风水理论“陵墓多与山水相称”的原则,将山水作为陵墓的有机组成部分,统一布局。建筑依山就势,错落有致,构成了一项建筑艺术与环境美学相结合的天才杰作。更重要的是,显陵的修筑是明嘉靖初年的重大历史事件“大礼仪之争”的产物。

显陵有这样多的奇特之处都符合联合国有关世界遗产的相关标准,连联合国世界遗产专家让路易先生都感到惊叹,说显陵真是一个“神奇的明显陵”。我不知道,大家游览完显陵后会有什么感想!会有什么的评价!好,各位,现在你们已经踏上明朝皇家陵地,请保持肃静,由我把大家带回到明朝……

首先我们看到的这块石碑叫“下马碑”,上刻“官员人等在此下马”八个大字,为嘉靖年间宰相严嵩手写,在我国封建社会,帝王的尊严是至高无上的,陵区被视为神圣的禁区,不仅老百姓不能随便出入即使是朝廷命官到此谒陵,也必须在此下马,这块碑在当时具有法律作用,违者将受到严惩,同时,它是显陵重要的标志性建筑。

各位贵宾,我们面前的这座单檐山式建筑,叫新红门,穿过这座门我们就正式进入陵区了。显陵工程浩大,前后用了四十年的时间,占地面积 183.13公顷,相当于 300 个足球场那么大,整个显陵由内外两道城墙环护,大家看,连接这新红门的城墙叫外罗城,墙高 6.5 米,厚 1.9 米。周长 3600多米,红墙黄瓦,蜿蜒于山峦起伏中,雄伟壮观,大家所看到的这样大的外罗城当时在建陵的之后,各地官员从全国各地,各州、府、县上至东北。下至云贵,从一砖、一瓦、一石都向这里进献。每一块砖、一块瓦都有完整标明拉来自何处,可见工程之浩大。从空中俯瞰,外罗城为“金瓶”形状,“金瓶”在风水术在中认为不仅能饶气护生,而且是神仙所佩之法器。其寓意神圣吉祥。同时蜿蜒的城墙顺山势起伏,避免了建筑外在的生硬感,使之与自然环境更加和谐。显陵外罗城是明代帝陵之首创!其后的明清陵寝均沿袭了这一做法。

穿过新红门大家会发现依中国古建筑之规制,所有主要建筑均在中轴线为中心在两边展开,而新红门却偏离了中轴线,这是为什么?请大家带者这个疑问随我继续游览。

在我们的左手边大家看到的这个水塘叫外明塘,因处风水术中外明堂的位置(这个堂是厅堂的堂)故名。明堂是风水理论中的重要概念,原指陵区开阔的空地,要宽阔忌狭窄,宜山长发展之计。外明塘上接陵区九曲河出水,下通沧浪湖入水,它破墙而出,使外罗城有90米的缺口,说起这个缺口还有一段有意思的典故呢:据说当年嘉靖皇帝为了给自己的父母修建陵寝,耗资巨大,然国库银两短缺,拿不出如此多的款项,当朝的奸相严嵩便出计让各地知府出资筑陵,此计一出,全国各地迫于皇威相继筹措不等银两,唯云南和贵州两府因地处边远穷困地区,未能及时筹措到足够的款项,导致延误大工,后被嘉靖皇帝贬官严办,当时的设计师就决定在这一空缺段修一口明塘与两边的外罗城相连。而这一空缺段也就留下了缺—云南,少—贵州的说法。至今钟祥人仍将独缺什么说成缺—云南少—贵州。

由外明塘连接着这弯曲的御河叫“九曲河”,它沿着进入陵区的神道拐了九个弯,故名。沿河建了五道并列三座单孔桥,九曲河与五道桥,附会“__至尊”的含义。象征着皇权的至高无上。由于设计巧妙,弯曲的河水将陵区地面分割为几个不同的区域,恰到好处地发挥了自然要素山、水、树木的空间限定作用。“石蕴玉而山辉,水怀环而川媚”,由于九曲河的营建,使周围的环境顾盼生辉。虽然明代各陵都非常重视陵区的排水、泄洪,开挖或利用天然河流形成御河,然而显陵的九曲河以其排水系统的完善,体现风水理论之完善,又与其他明陵有显著的区别,成为神奇显陵的重要特点。

各位贵宾,这弯曲的九曲河让您能产生怎样的想象呢?对,龙!它正像一条弯曲腾挪的水龙游弋在青山绿水的陵区,给显陵增添了鲜活的灵气。

请大家看这座御桥,它的通体都是由名贵的汉白玉石料建造,桥面两边的白玉栏杆,有栏板 72 块,望柱 72根,所有栏板上都掏空到成净瓶如意方形,桥之间的两边望柱是火煸形柱头,而两边侧桥的望柱是素方形的柱头,中间桥的望柱是子母狮蹲于柱头,非常独特,两头的栏板上雕的是一种怪兽,我们叫它靠山兽。整个御桥建造华丽,雕刻艺术精美,远远望去,十分雄伟壮观,有人说可与天安门前的金水桥媲美。桥面是当年筑陵原遗存下来的,而桥护栏毁于革命,现在大家看到的护栏是1998 年照愿样修复的。

我们现在进入的是旧红门,旧红门建于明嘉靖三年( 1524 年),它早于新红门 15年建成,是显陵的第二道门户,也是显陵的中轴线的正门,在门旁的建筑墙上,我们可以看到世界文化遗产的标志。标志的外沿是一个圆形,代表地球与大自然,中间的方形代表人类创造的文明,方形和圆形的相连寓意着人类与自然的和谐关系,同时圆形环护着方形又有对人类文明应予以保护的意思。各位贵宾,我们在游览显陵的同时,也请大家注意对显陵环境的爱护,您的文明举止就是对显陵这个世界文化遗产最好的保护。谢谢大家!

这里是御碑楼,其主要作用是置放“御制睿功圣德碑”的,故又叫睿功圣德碑楼。碑文为嘉靖皇帝亲自书写,内容主要是为其父歌功颂德,其碑首为四条高浮雕首尾交错、头部下垂的蛟龙,碑座是一个昂首远眺的海龟似的神兽,是用一块石料琢成,趴卧在刻满海波漩流的水盘之上。这只类似的神兽叫赑屃。传说龙生九子,皆不成龙,各有所好,赑屃就是龙的其中一子,它天生喜文善水长寿,尤其最喜负重。这碑身重20吨,它可不是任何一个帝王都可以自行树立的,凡后世帝王有失国之尺地寸土者,不得立此碑。因此这种碑是为表彰其“丰功伟绩”,树立此碑即是显示墓主显赫的身份和高贵的地位。可惜的是,此碑在革命期间被红卫兵造反派砸断,碑身即断裂成现在的几块,而整个碑楼的木制结构则毁于明末兵火。

大家请看神道两边这两根高大的石柱,叫望柱。它是皇权的象征,也是仪仗的开始标志。相传东边的一柱为“望君出”,西边的一柱为“望君归”。“望君出”呼唤着帝王要走出九重深宫,去体察世间民情;“望君归”呼唤着帝王在宫外不要过多的流连,要及时回来处理朝政。它们反映了天下百姓对“圣明天子”的渴望。

望柱后面的这些石雕叫石像生。它是皇权仪卫的缩影。在明代,凡是举行大典的时候,除文武百官及军队仪仗队排列两侧外还将人工驯养的狮子、大象等动物装在笼子里,放在街道两旁,以壮皇威。待皇帝死后,也需要相同的排场,所以就在陵前设置了石像生。这种做法最早开始于秦汉时期,此后历代皇帝、重臣沿用不衰,只是数量和取像不尽相同。前面的第一对是狮子,狮是百兽之王,显示着皇帝的雄风与威严。第二叫獬豸,又叫独角兽,它是传说中的饿一种异兽,能辨别是非邪正,把它放在陵前,起着扶正辟邪的作用。第三对是骆驼,第四对是大象,一个来自北方沙漠,一个来自南方丛林,代表着皇权统治的版图之广,“普天之下,莫非王土”。第五、第六对是麒麟,传说中的太平、祥瑞之兽,代表吉祥,放在陵前有粉饰太平,为帝王歌功颂德之意。第七、第八对是马,古人的坐骑,皇帝仪仗中不可缺少的部分。这后面四对文臣、武将象征帝王驾前的文武百官。各位朋友,你们知道怎样辨别这些文臣、武将的官职大小吗?先看武将,持短剑者官职较高,再看文臣,官帽护耳者官职较高。请大家注意看:所有这些石像生连同底座均是由一整块石头雕刻而成。那么如此之大的石料又是怎样从远处的深山运来的呢?相传采用的是“旱船拽运”的方法,即沿运石道路每隔一里在地下凿一深井,冬天到来时将水打出泼在路面,将巨石沿水面拖行。可以想象,为修建此陵,众多劳役们要付出多少血汗啊!另外沿途我们可看到很多墙砖上都刻着地名,这也说明显陵的每一片砖瓦都来自全国各地,工程之浩大,调动人力物力之众多,由此可见一斑!

现在我们大家面前的这座牌坊式建筑叫棂星门,又叫龙凤门。由六天柱三门四壁组成,门之间两侧由石、砖、琉璃件构成的仿木建筑,每根石柱上雕有独角兽一只,额柱上均装饰有支云头和火焰宝珠,故此门又叫“火焰牌坊”。相传此门是仿神话中的南天门所建,经过此门,帝王的灵魂就上了天堂。各位朋友,让我们也穿过此门进如一个新的世界吧!

穿过棂星门后请大家注意我们前面的这段神道,它不是直的,而是湾的,这又是显陵的一个神奇之处了。显陵在神道处理上与明代诸陵不同,在陵区中部,砌了一条弯曲的神道,如同一条蜿蜒前行的龙,这便是“龙鳞神道”。显陵是明代帝陵中唯一整体保留龙鳞神道做法的陵墓。大家请看这中间铺筑的石板谓之“龙脊”,两侧以鹅卵石填充,谓之“龙鳞”,外边再以牙子石收束,总称为“龙鳞道”,这种做法既能满足陵寝建筑的功能需求,又经济可行,充分显示了匠人的智慧。

跨过御河上的第五座桥,我们前面的这座圆形池塘叫“内明塘”,为一人工开掘的池塘,内明塘的建置为明代其它帝陵所没有的,仅显陵一孤例。它直径 33米,水深约 4 米。没有水源与外界相通,却大旱不干涸,大雨不外溢。水位始终保持在一固定的高度,这一现象自显陵始建至今近 500年均未变化。据专家考证,其塘底为铜铸锅底状,水位之所以能长期稳定,可能与锅沿暗藏排水系统与陵区的地下水系巧妙衔接有关,如此即保持了一个完整的水位平衡。大家所看到的内明塘和我们在进门前的外明塘,不仅是历代帝陵没有的,它还有一奇特功能,就是在白天塘中有太阳,晚上塘中有月亮,加上当时为建显陵,嘉靖皇帝钦定有“唯我皇考,若日月之照临,光于四方,显于西土”的字句,所以这内明塘、外明塘还有引日月进塘,让日月同辉的用意。另据传,进入宝城地宫的入口即藏在水下,你们相信吗?

绕过内明塘,我们现在来到的陵恩门,显陵分为内外两城,这陵恩门即是内城紫金城的正门,请大家注意看这大门两侧各有一堵墙,叫影壁。影壁在古建筑中主要起屏障和装饰作用,可以建在大门的前后方。也可建在大门两侧,建在大门两侧的主要为增添大门的气势,这陵恩门两侧的精美琉璃影壁是明代其它各帝陵所没有的!它为琉璃仿木形式。正面是琼花图案,据说琼花代表草木旺盛,国家繁华。背面为双龙图案,有藏龙卧虎之意。

请大家看这幅汉白玉浮雕,它叫云龙丹陛。据专家认定,这快丹陛在历代帝陵中实属罕见!除了慈禧太后的陵区中有凤在上的云龙丹陛外,其余均为龙在上、凤在下,而显陵这块却为龙凤并列,凤头在上、龙头在下很独特。为什么呢?因为嘉靖皇帝进京即位时才14岁,他巩固地位,自立体系,母亲给了他巨大的精神支持。所以嘉靖皇帝对他的母亲非常尊敬,他有今天的地位,他的母亲是功不可没的。这块云龙丹陛也正式反映了嘉靖皇帝对母亲的敬仰之情。

进入陵恩门,我们来到的是陵恩殿,也就是人们一般所称的大殿,主要是供奉嘉靖皇帝父母神位的地方,也是举行上陵、祭祀活动重要的场所。可惜的是,整个大殿毁于明末李自成农民起义军的军火,现在仅存石基,但我们能据此感觉到整个大殿的雄伟。据说修建大殿前,嘉靖皇帝下旨仿故宫金銮殿修建,这是殿堂内木柱的石基座,它直径竟达1.06米,两人合抱都不能交手,而这些梁柱及殿内其他木结构使用的均是来自四川、湖广一带深山密林中的珍贵树种金丝楠木,可以想象当时的大殿是多么的富丽堂皇啊!

在大殿的两侧各有配殿五间,这些配殿主要是在举行祭祀活动时供奉神牌、存放祭祀品及咒语念经的地方。

陵恩殿后面的这个门叫陵寝门,这陵寝门只供帝、后、妃们进入,其他王公大臣们是不得入内的,陵寝门后还有一道二柱门,大家看这两根很高大的石柱上刻有一只獬豸,虎视眈眈,守卫着陵寝。二柱门后面正中就是石五供,石五供是专供帝、后、妃们祭祀谒陵的供台,由一个香炉,两个烛台,两个花瓶组成,均由青白石雕琢而成,请大家看这石香炉的炉顶,雕刻着海波、云、龙面纹,非常精美。据说,这石香炉只有后来的皇帝谒陵时才能开启炉顶使用,显陵每年都要举行数次规模不等的祭祀活动,其中尤以清明、中元(7 月 15 日)和冬至为最盛,称三大祭。

各位贵宾,这座雄伟高大的城楼式建筑,叫方城明楼,上挂“显陵”两个大字,它是整个陵寝的标志性建筑,是专为供奉“圣号碑”而修建的。其实显陵原叫“献陵”,因当年兴王朱佑元四后溢号为“献”,其忘坟即称为“献陵”嘉靖三年三月,朱厚璁以武力平息大礼仪之争后,为他的父亲钦定陵号为“显陵”,“显陵显者,光也书泰,誓之词曰:唯我皇考,若日月之照临,光于四方,显于西土。”意思是他父亲德配天地,圣功显赫,应让普天之下都知道,并象日月一样永寸万年。由此可见朱厚璁为推尊私亲,实施“嘉靖新政”而费尽了心思。明楼木体结构于明末毁于李自成农民起义军兵火,仅存残垣断壁,现在的明楼是1990 年修复的。

我们现在来到的这个小院落,俗称哑巴院,这里四全陵神道的起点,也是终止点。这个小院看起来并没有什么奇特之处,实际上却隐藏着巨大的玄机:这座琉璃影壁表面上起着美化装饰作用,更重要的是它遮挡着地宫的入口。院内的神道下面是进入地宫的斜坡墓道,昔日帝后的棺椁就是从这个斜坡慢慢送入地宫的。我国历代封建帝王都实行厚葬,正所谓“厚葬以明孝”,死后还把大量珍奇异宝葬入地宫,因此帝王们最担心的就是陵寝被盗。能不能有效防止地宫被盗,这地宫入口的保密就显得至关重要,所以小院工程所用的工匠都是哑巴,他们白天休息,夜间施工,上下工的路上都蒙着眼睛,使他们不识路途,不知道这里的地点,完工后,把他们遣送到人烟稀少的边远地区居住,因这个院子是由哑巴修的,所以叫哑巴院。当然这只是传说,还有待专家的考证。

好,现在请大家随我一起参观显陵最具有特色,也是中外陵墓史上绝无仅有的奇观,那就是一陵两冢!何为一陵两冢?就是一座陵园内有两座墓冢。那么为什么其他陵墓无此现象而独显陵有呢?这还要从墓主前后身份变化说起:明正德14 年也就是 1519年,墓主朱佑元因病去世,当时他只是一个潘王,依封建礼制,他的陵墓即按潘王的规制建造,我们现在看到的这个前墓冢,既是当年兴献王朱佑元死后的坟墓。

1521年朱厚璁登基成了嘉靖皇帝之后,追封其父也就是朱佑元为“献皇帝”,并一度想将其父的陵寝迁往北京,与其他已故明皇帝葬在一起,这一想法遭到了大臣们的反对,因而未迁,嘉靖17 年( 1539年) 12 月,嘉靖皇帝的母亲章圣皇太后在北京病故。为了给母亲寻找“吉壤”,嘉靖帝于次年 2月南巡承天府(即钟祥市),在拜谒了其父新献帝的陵墓后,他认为这是一片难得的风水宝地,便决定将其母亲的灵柩由京城送至钟祥显陵与父亲合葬。但经检查发现,显停放父棺椁的地宫已经进水,且较小。于是嘉靖便命工部在其父原有的墓冢后面重新修建一座新地宫以供放其父母的灵柩。这样就形成了由最初的单冢潘王坟经嘉靖帝在位几十年的不断扩建,变成一座规模宏大的前后双冢帝王陵。

我们现在看到的这座巨大的墓冢叫宝城,从空中看就像一个巨大的哑铃。前宝城是椭圆形,东西宽112 米,南北长 125米,就是最早停放新献王灵柩的地方(现供奉大量的随葬品),而后宝城为正圆形,直径 110 米,下面的地宫中即停放嘉靖帝父母的棺椁。

我们现在停留的这个地方叫瑶台,它将前后两座宝城连接在一起。瑶台在神话传说中是神仙聚会的地方。而前后宝城以瑶台想连接寓意人的灵魂已进入仙境。两座宝城修建的时间相隔19年。在我过古代有个传统习俗,那就是人死了以后是不能见天日的。于是,新地宫建成后,在旧地宫与新地宫之间修建了一条通道,并筑成瑶台。当年嘉靖皇帝的父亲与母亲合葬时,其父亲朱佑元的棺椁就是从瑶台下的通道运到了新地宫。可以说,瑶台在显陵的地位是至关重要的。

显陵自修建至今已近 500 年了,期间经历数次劫难。其中最大上的一次即明代末年李自成农民起义。1643年冬,李自成大军攻陷承天府(即钟祥),拆毁朱家的家庙,并欲挖掘显陵地宫。据说正准备开挖前地宫时,恰遇雷电交加。有迷信思想的李自成心有疑惧,未敢动土,便放火烧毁陵内所有木制结构的建筑作罢。如今科学探测证明显陵地宫保存完好,从未被盗过,这也从侧面反映了此地民风纯朴,相信将来的某一天,显陵地宫开启时定能引起全世界的注目。

显陵宝城的修筑凝聚当时先进的科学思想,请大家注意看在环形的宝城城墙上每隔一段距离都会有一个用汉白玉雕琢而成的龙头。龙头自颈部至龙嘴是相通的,所有龙头都是面朝宝城外侧。这就是显陵独特的排水系统。每逢下雨时,积聚的雨水通过龙头嘴的管道排出宝城外,以便环道干爽和减少坟冢的积水量。我们今天家里用的水龙头其叫法即源于此。除排水这一实用性外,威武凶悍的龙头也显示了皇权的至高无上,不可侵犯。同时,建造者们也是借此物之威力保卫亡灵。

各位贵宾,请随我一起登上方城明楼。

请大家看这块碑,它高 5 米,宽 1.2米,碑身字体“大明恭睿献皇帝之陵”为嘉靖皇帝亲笔书写。这块碑具有特殊意义,它是整个显陵的名片,对显陵申报世界文化遗产并最终获得通过起了重要的作用,大家看整个碑文的两边均遭到毁坏,唯有这块碑文完好,也无断裂,这不能不说是冥冥之中的天意啊!

让我们来感受一下显陵的恢宏与神奇吧!请大家放目远望,自新红门至陵寝的这条弯曲的龙鳞神道,恰似一条旱龙,龙尾三摆,龙颈三曲,煞是鲜活。新红门与旧红门不在一条中轴线上不正式显示出了龙尾摆动的生气吗?再看九曲河,穿插于旱龙左右尤如一条水龙蜿蜒潜行,与旱龙在内明塘外交汇,形成二龙戏珠之妙。而内明糖则依风水理论“龙气见风则散,遇水则止”。具有藏风聚气、界止龙气流失,象征明代山水永固之意。此水陆二龙的设计,使整个显陵倍具生机与活力!

请大家在看整个陵区的大环境:依据古代风水学“负阴抱阳”、“背山面水”的原则,在这广阔的区域内所有的山体、水系、林木植都被作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排,以陵区后部的松林山为祖山作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排建筑,九曲河弯延其间,前面的天子岗为屏山,构成了前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的完美风水格局,形成了人文景观和自然景观的高度和谐统一。显陵不愧为古代建筑与环境美学相结合的天然杰作!

显陵的修建,是中国封建时代对灵魂信仰的集中体现,凝聚着明代中后期的政治思想、道德观念和审美趣味。同时,这种动用国家力量建造的陵墓,也反映了当时的经济状况、科学技术水平和营造工艺水平,是中国丧葬艺术的最高表现形式和建筑典范。

各位贵宾,在你们参观完显陵后,是否也会像联合国世界遗产专家让 ·路易先生那样发出同样的赞叹呢?当然,依显陵之博大,孕藏的文化历史之丰富,是在这短短时间内无法全部了解清楚的,加之我才疏学浅,知识有限,很多地方讲解尚有欠缺。为此,我将加倍努力,争取掌握更多有关显陵的知识,届时,欢迎大家再次来显陵参观游览,我也将为大家再次来显陵参观游览,我也将为大家献上更加精彩的解说。

谢谢大家!祝各位旅途愉快!

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篇4:圆明园的英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2831 字

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Yuanmingyuan was first given the emperor kangxi emperor four children zhen(namely later became the yongzheng emperor) garden. After kangxi reign in 1707,1957 namely the garden has already begun to take shape. In November, emperorkangxi had visit yuanmingyuan touring. Yongzheng emperor throne in 1723 years,expand the original give groves and co-using in park south the legitimate templeand the often main hall and cabinet, six, be the value, royal to "avoid room ofanti-smoking activists". Baiken Emperor qianlong of yuanmingyuan in 60 years,all day, right, fix China heaped FeiYin million move stone, water. He inaddition to local building, rebuilding yuanmingyuan outside, and in tight eastneighbour new-built changchun garden, in southeast adjacent into adas springpark. To qianlong thirty-five years namely 1770, the pattern of three parks yuanMing basically formed. For the main jiaqing programme for repairs and adasspring park, make it become one of the main YuanJu places. Light toward, statedeclines, insufficient resources, but rather WanShou, fragrant hill, YuQuanwithdrawal "three mountain" display, summer and jehol ", still not to abandonthe mulan hunting three yuan Ming rebuilding and decoration. Garden.

Yuanmingyuan is artificially created the magnificent, at a scale of largegarden scenery. Daniel flat rockery garden buildings, water, refined wide planttrees flower. Hill, twists and turns in staccato water and sung, curve gallery,chau island, bridge, will be broad levees space divided into size more than 100landscape encircle, interest in different scenery group. Park surface accountedfor about three garden area, in four tenths of a flat-surface artificiallydigging by water, medium and the flow of periodical entangles for a completeseries of river water lakes. Park and compose fold have greatly small 250, andcould be combined with water, water for water turn, mountain mountain live,constitute the mountain after water transfer, folds of garden space. Make wholegarden like the jiangnan YanShui blurred, it was really a feast: is for thepeople do, wan since opening day.

Yuanmingyuan reflected ancient Chinese gardening art essence, was the mostoutstanding a large garden. The emperor said it: "real dead mecca of spirit,emperor and land area, without more than this to swim." But in world garden inarchitectural history also occupies an important position. Its fame spread toEurope, known as "million the garden of." garden France the maisonde Victor Hugoin 1861) have such assessment: "you just imagine that is an makes popularfeeling appealing, as the moon as buildings, castle fertilizing (refers toyuanmingyuan) is such a building." People often say: Greece have pat farmingtemple, Egypt have pyramids, Rome had a Summer Palace, Oriental collosieum. ""this is a stunning incomparable masterpiece".

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篇5:颐和园英文导游词1000字_导游词范文_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2854 字

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颐和园英文导游词1000字

Hello, welcome you to Beijing Summer Palace! My horse is, today I have for you is to explain Beijing Summer Palace! Please note: please dont littering, dont spit, protect the environment, with good team! Now lets go! Hope I can let you remember the interpretation of the good time, I wish you have a lot of fun!

The earliest dynasties era in the emperor had started to build in Beijing imperial garden. In todays longevity hill kunming lake area will be built here, jinshan kingsoft, called JinShanBo. To this, there was renamed aung, aung tabor. And early Ming is renamed lake and built the temple, named static good mountain park. At sixteen, wanli is also is in here has 1588 landscape scale, enjoy certain green line li, like the white jiangnan ode. But let there really become a royal garden of the qing dynasty is. In the emperor kangxi years was built in the emperor qianlong palace, came to fourteen years, namely 1749 - jehoaddan in 1764 built on the basis of the original qingyi park, lake, mountain, kunming lake, the lake is called mountain called longevity hill. And here also became famous gardens. And most of the imperial palace in ancient China, here also cant escape the invaders in 1860, be spoiled by the anglo-french allied forces and destroyed.

After some years, the empredowager cixi embezzled funds for the navy, and under the emperor guangxu reconstruction has renamed the Summer Palace here. But in 1900, the Summer Palace again by the anglo-french allied forces (Russia), meaning the serious destruction. Since then the rebuilt in here, so, because of the financial HouShan parts are not long. In 1912, QingShi according to the conditions, the Summer Palace is still in Hudson emperor puyi hands. After two years, and there was a his private property, but because once open transportation fares expensive, no one came. In 1924, after the Summer Palace, pu excommunicated beiyang government will formally to opening to the park. December 1948, the peoples government, after accepting here after comprehensive governance, still holding the royal garden style. And it also became the world, architecture, landscape on the best-preserved imperial gardens.

We will see the total covers an area of 290 hectares, including land quarter, water reached three-fourths. According to the royal garden, the garden USES and can be divided into political scenic area, the Summer Palace built residential and the scenic area three parts.

We came to visit the eastern will formally began.

In the east gate, there is a han xu yan xiu Yan, the archway. The meaning of han xu is open, beautiful scenery, all-encompassing. Yan xiu is capture the beautiful scenery. But as the main palace also. On the door of the property of the Summer Palace is the emperor guangxu board of calligraphy. Yi and two words are taken, the remaining calm mood.

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篇6:英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 4032 字

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Dear friends, hanshan temple is known for its inscriptions, and the most famous one is the poem of the maple bridge. Ladies and gentlemen,

Now lets go to the stele. Since ancient times, in the temple, "the maple bridge night mooring" has a few pieces of poetry. The answer is: a poem. Wang GUI (1019-1085), the king of the northern song dynasty, was the first stone in the poem of "the maple bridge", the first stone of zhang jishi, which could be lost in the early years of this monument. In order to restore historical relics and carry forward the national culture, the first stone of zhang jishi, which was integrated with wangs calligraphy, was re-established next to puminta in 1996, with the efforts of people on both sides of the Chinese Taiwan straits. Thanks to Chinese Taiwan SiNian library, they free get-together of generous Ph.D. More than 3000 words handwriting epitaph rubbings, the suzhou famous calligrapher FeiZhiXiong set word, suzhou museum of stone inscription loyalty as heavy carved sculpture artists, and shows the world the first stone Zhang Jishi spirits, to understand a get-together chirography provides physical characteristics and style.

Full of poetry only 28 words, but can directly select a get-together to complete the original words only 14, namely: month, full day, jiang, fire, for, gu, outside the city, and cold, hill, temple, night, half, the rest are through a mix of the original word radical. For example, "frost", combined with "rain" and "facies"; The people are composed of "eyes" and "people". The word is in block letters, between the yan and liu shushu. The stone tablet has been used for a certain period of time. It is 2.5 meters high, 0.84 meters wide, 0.2 meters thick and 1.66 meters high, about 13 centimeters per word. The stele was collected by the Palace Museum in September 1996.

The second tablet is written in Ming dynasty. The temple is in fire. There are only remnants of the monument, and less than 10 words remain. The third tablet is written by yu yue in the qing dynasty. It is well preserved. The most common "night mooring" in the market is the first inscription of yus books. The tablet is displayed in the gallery. The fourth tablet was written on December 14, 1947 by zhang, a member of the hebei cangzhou dynasty, with the same name as the tang dynasty. Zhang succeeded in writing this tablet, and unexpectedly died the next day, and the ink became a veritable masterpiece. This stele is well preserved and is now on display in the hospital of pu-minta, where the original poems are preserved in the central history museum of the kuomintang (KMT) in Chinese Taiwan. The fifth tablet we have seen in the songmao pavilion in the house of hanshan. It is the one li dazhao wrote. The sixth tablet is a contemporary painting

Liu haisus works. In the winter of 1981, the 86-year-old painter locked himself in his room for about five hours, using the whole body and soul to complete a masterpiece -- the "maple bridge night". When liu finished the work, he fell ill for many days, but he was very satisfied with the work and thought it was no less than yus book. According to lius wish, this tablet was engraved in 1994 and placed in the corridor of hanshan temple.

The seventh tablet was written by the revolutionary predecessor Chen yun in the "maple bridge poetry gallery" in 1998. The original was a gift given to liu yuna, a famous critic, when he was 82 years old. The inscription on the tablet stands in contrast to the poems written by kang youwei in the han shan temple in 1920. "the bell has been crossing the sea, and the wind is cold and cold. Dont let feng dry and rap again, to make people not empty." Loss of kang youwei was generous in clocks to Japan, he quips: also blame gab abundant dry monk, to zhejiang taizhou high disturbing the satrap pavilion hanshan, picked up are two manjusri, samantabhadra bodhisattva incarnation of cat. Had it not been for the leak of the celestial machine, there would have been no longer the ancient clock in the temple.

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篇7:松原查干湖英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2666 字

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游客朋友们:

您乘坐的查干湖一号游船已经使离码头,正通过“草原运河”——引松渠驶向充满神秘色彩的查干湖。进入湖区以后,游船将加速行驶,峰会很大,在船头站立会很凉爽惬意,但是提醒您在船边站立时要扶紧站稳,注意游湖安全,同时,要注意要携带您的物品,以免失手落入湖中。

现在我们的游船已经进入查干湖。

查干湖在蒙语中叫 “查干淖尔”,意为白色的湖。查干湖南北长37公里,东西宽17公里。

水域总面积大约420平方公里,在全国十大淡水湖中排列第七位,他的蓄水量约7亿立方米,是吉林省最大的内陆湖泊和省级自然保护区,也是吉林省著名的渔业生产基地,

查干湖自然资源十分丰富,盛产鲤鱼、鲢鱼、鲫鱼、武昌鱼等15科68种,年产鲜鱼5000多吨,其中“查干湖胖头鱼”经国家绿色食品认证中心认证为AA级绿色食品、远销省内外。近年来查干湖的虾类、珍珠类等水产资源也得到有效的开发,肥美的.鱼虾早已摆上了游客的餐桌。查干湖四季分明的地理位置,水草肥美的自然资源,为野生、水生动物提供了不可多得的生存环境,使查干湖又成为野生动物的天堂,鸟类的乐园。在湖畔草原和湖中小岛有狐、兔、獾等野生动物20多种、有野鸭、天鹅、大雁、丹顶鹤等珍稀鸟类80多种,其野生动物种类之多,密度之大,是省内外许多旅游景区都无法比拟的,得天独厚的地理位置和风光独特的自然资源,使查干湖自古以来就是人们神牵梦绕的风水宝地。辽代自圣宗起,直至天祚帝、每年都要带领群臣嫔妃,千里迢迢从京城来到查干湖巡幸、春猎,在湖面凿冰捕鱼、用辽帝亲自钓上来的“头鱼”在岸边大摆“头鱼宴”,因为初春的湖鱼最鲜、最肥、最香、当春风吹绿前郭尔罗斯草原的时候,查干湖畔大雁鸣、天鹅叫、百鸟咽啾,此时的帝王们又开始放鹰搭箭捕捉天鹅、大雁,并用辽帝亲自放飞的“海东青”捕来的头鹅,举行头鹅宴,在湖畔歌舞狂欢,饮酒作乐,直至春尽方还。由此可以想象当年查干湖那种恢弘壮观的场面。

大家往湖的东北方看,湖边的那座山,叫青山头,是查干湖四周湖畔的制高点。关于查干湖和青山头曾留传着一个古老而凄美的故事:

很早很早以前,在郭尔罗斯这个地方并没有查干湖,而是一望无际的茫茫草原、在草原的深处有一个虽从小就失去父母但却出落的英俊威武的小伙子,名叫查干少布。他射得一手好箭,天上飞的,地下跑的,都百发百中查干少布天性善良,打来的猎物大都送给周围生

活贫苦的牧民,因尔深受百里草原牧民的喜爱。一个百草披绿的初春,查干少布又带上弓箭出去打猎,突然,他看见一只梅花鹿惊慌失措的向他跑来,两只恶狼在后面拼命追赶,精疲力竭的小鹿眼看就要成为两只恶狼的每餐。说时迟那时快,查干少布搭弓“嗖嗖”两箭射死恶狼,救下小鹿,小鹿用感激的目光看了看查干少布,依依不舍的转身跑向草原深处。

当天晚上,似睡非睡中的查干少布突然梦到了他救下的那只梅花鹿,小鹿对他说:“我是来报答你的救命之恩的,我本是天上的仙鹿,因偷吃御花园里的灵芝草而被玉帝发落凡间,罚期明天就要满了,在返回天宫前来看看恩人。看你孤孤单单的一个人太清贫寂寞了,我要为你找个伴儿来陪伴你。你明天早上超北走,翻过七七四十九座山就会看到一座仙女峰、半山腰有个仙女洞,洞里有个石匣子,石匣子里面有一支金簪子,你把金簪子放在怀里带回来,就会有一个仙女来陪你过日子,千万记住!”说完金光一闪小鹿不见了。

第二天,查干少布带着干粮弓箭按照小鹿在梦中所指的方向出发了,走哇走,一路上历尽艰险,凭着好箭法射杀了无数狼虫虎豹,闯过了七七四十九道鬼门关,终于来到仙女峰半山腰的仙女洞,见祥云缭绕的洞里果然有一只石匣子,打开石匣子一看里面真有一支光华耀眼的金簪子,他喜出望外,揣起金簪子急忙往回赶,似乎不一会儿就到家了。

到家后,他顾不上疲惫,从怀里掏出金簪子仔细端详,突然,金光一闪,一个水灵灵的花容少女羞答答的站在查干少布的面前说“我叫其木格,是西天王母的四女儿,我敬佩你的善良英武,喜欢你的勤劳坚毅,如果你愿意,我就嫁给你,与你携手百年”查干少布高兴万分,把其木格紧紧的揽在怀里。。。。。。。一转眼三年过去了,其木格为查干少布生下了一个胖儿子,取名为巴特尔。一天查干少布打猎归来,见其木格愁眉不展,便问她怎么了?其木格泪流腮边地说:“明天我母亲的生日,命我回去祝寿,我往返需三天,可是天上三天,人间三年,我真不忍心让你一个人孤单单地度过三年的时光。”查干少布劝慰其米格说:“三年的时间一晃就过去,等你回来我们再也不分开了。;说是这么说,可当其木格抖动羽翼,驾五彩祥云飘然离去的时候,查干少布日夜思念,寝室难安,不久就身染重病危在旦夕。弥留之际,查干少布仰天长叹:其木格,不能让我在看你一眼,我死不瞑目哇。”这时,远在天宫的其木格似乎听到了查干少布这撕心裂肺的呼唤,便不顾一切的偷偷返回人间,见查干少布奄奄一息,便又返回天庭,不顾天规,偷来仙丹妙药为查干少布服下,使查干少布转危为安。

谁知就在此时,王母娘娘发现仙丹妙药被盗,立刻派天神寻找,得知被其木格偷到人间救了查干少布之后,大发雷霆,命天神移一座青山将其木格压在山下,这就是大家现在看到得青山头。又颁布一道命令,三年之内不准在查干少布居住地草原降雨,要把查干少布和

这里的草木牛羊统统渴死。旨意一下,这一带果真三年没下一滴雨,天热得像下火,地干得直冒烟,牧草干枯了,牛羊渴死了许多。见此情景查干少布焦急万分。一天,查干少布又梦到了其木格,其木格哭着说:“我因偷仙丹救你违犯了天规,被压在你旁边的大青山下,靠我的法力救不了你和乡亲们,如果你想舍身挽救草原生灵就到仙女洞去把我练成的一颗仙丹吃下,你就会在我的身边变成一个大湖。”

查干少布醒来后安顿好巴特尔,按其木格的话,来到仙女洞找到那颗发光的仙丹,回到草原深处的大青山下,他毫不犹豫地将仙丹吞下了去,仙丹一下肚,查干少布立刻变成一片白亮亮的湖泊。那湖里的水洁白透明,像一块玉镜映照着大青山。有了甘甜湖水的浇灌,这里的草原更绿了,花更艳了,牛羊又繁殖起来了,牧民们过上了幸福的日子。为了纪念和缅怀这对为拯救草原献身的恋人,每年春暖花开时节,人们都来到湖畔,拉起悠扬的马头琴,挑起欢快的安代舞,并把大湖起名为查干淖尔。把湖畔那座青山叫青山头。

朋友们,查干湖与青山头的传说就为您讲到这儿,下次您再来我们查干湖观光旅游时,我再为大家讲述这个美丽传说的下集——查干少布与其木格的儿子巴特尔引湖救父、劈山救母的故事。

查干湖我们已经游览过了,接着请大家去游览岸边的妙音寺、伯颜敖包、鸿鹄公园、郭尔罗斯博物馆等景点,相信大家一定会大饱眼福,尽兴而归。

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篇8:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 5969 字

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各位游客:

你们好,欢迎你们来到北京旅游,我是你们的导游__。

王府位于北京市西城区前海西街,是清代规模最大的一座王府,先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸,后被赐予恭亲王奕欣,由此得名恭王府,并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程,故有“一座恭王府,半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠,西山远望如虎踞”,这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言,它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水,北京据说有两条龙脉,一是土龙,即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙,指后海和北海一线,而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上,即龙脉上,因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财,在恭王府内“处处见水”,最大的湖心亭的水,是从玉泉湖引进来的,而且只内入不外流,因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住,而且都非常长寿。据说,北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近,这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成,南北长约330米,东西宽180余米,占地面积约61120平方米,其中府邸占地32260平方米,花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大,而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间,正殿七间,后殿五间,后寝七间,左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落,其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路,每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂,殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦,显示了中路的威严气派,同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩,厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝,至今仍长势甚好,在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”,是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致,主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋,大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段,为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制,是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼,东西长达156米,后墙共开88扇窗户,内有108间房,俗称“99间半”,取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”,俗称恭王府花园,徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应,花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口,以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心,前有独乐峰、蝠池,后有绿天小隐、蝠厅,布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽,缠枝藤萝紫花盛开,使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天,怪石林立,环山衔水,亭台楼榭,廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化,别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至,寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街,建于1776—1785年,原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅,和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后,此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时,由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功,慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他,而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿,恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿,只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开,起到礼仪的作用。民国初年,由于不慎失火,大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁,现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的,但匾额无署款,无钤记,故无由证实,但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》,说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期,嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所,内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位,以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大,占地约6万平方米,分为府邸和花园两部分,拥有各式建筑群落30多处,布局讲究,气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园,园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱,东、南、西面均堆土累石为山,中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑,手法颇高。山顶平台,成为全园最高点。居高临下,可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成,和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题,如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂,其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内檐装修在王府文化中别具一格,其所表现的特点尤为突出:

一、 规格最高,可与宫殿建筑比美:

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断,还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池,装修成室内小园林,更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多,形式多样:

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处,而且具有多种类型,如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活,空间丰富:

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分,格局多样,其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间,又有私密性的小空间,既有对称式的,也有非对称式的,还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客,有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动,有的适合起居生活,有的作为寝息,不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细,技巧高超:

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木,用材异常讲究,加工的木料可以作出细小的截面,雕刻花纹起伏精确,而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格,只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成,施工难度之大,令人叹为观止。遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修,绝大部分已经无存,今天通过研究王府文化,要进一步将其发掘出来,结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求,再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年,即1776年,和珅开始在这东依前海,背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第,时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天,次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职,抄了其家,估计全部财富约值白银八亿两,相当于清政府十五年的财政收入,所以有“和珅跌倒,嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八,即1799年2月22日,和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身,则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时,嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主,仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年,即1851年,清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人,改名恭王府,恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府,半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年,这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会,后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回,并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后,王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群,分为府邸和花园两部分,府在前,园在后。恭王府的开放,早在30年前,就被提上议事日程。1975年,周总理在病床上,以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧,其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间,初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年,这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣,身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职,重权在握,显赫一时,乃大筑邸园,同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局,就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸,后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林,总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆,尚朴去华,明廊通脊,气宇轩昂,仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山,古树参天,曲廊亭榭,富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常,开合有致,实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载,在这块位于京城前海西岸,被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上,元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院,香火旺盛,游人如织,就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶,该寺院才逐渐荒废,沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后,在这里建造大小不等的院落若干,供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后,在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅,相中了这块四周萦水,遥接西山,而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地,遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产,建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”,是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知,第一代府主和珅,是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士,又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官,在清史中十分惹人注目,有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德,后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻,使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年,和珅因罪赐死,嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时,乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订,将来不管谁当了皇帝,都要“办”掉和珅,惟十七皇子永璘说:“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝,只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我,我就知足!”

说到永璘,或者许多人都不太熟悉,但若提起他的孙子,那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻,恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官,但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比,他总还算是一个敢于负责,能够委以重任的人。因此,从同治朝起,奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前,他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣,那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一,他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动,"辛酉政变"时,就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说,如果没有奕欣,整部中国近代史,乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性,那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑,自从它诞生的那一天起,就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质,命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年),和珅被处死之后,嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部,赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半,是因为当时,乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主,是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主,其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月,当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时,皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子,但天生神力,能开十个劲的硬弓,时常陪着父皇骑马打猎,乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女,他不只一次叹息:"你要是个阿哥,这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确,十公主非但武功卓绝,而且胸襟非凡,当和珅春风得意时,驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵,公主就曾经严肃地训斥他:"你阿玛受我父皇厚恩,不思回报,却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊,到了身家不保的那一天,连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话,虽不幸言中,但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情,没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位,公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二,西为庆王府;东为公主府,一直到道光三年(1820__年)九月,十公主去世,整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下,而那时,永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后,按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定,王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡,生计艰危,未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第,以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样,没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920__年,小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费,将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票",以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后,利上加利,原先八万银元的抵押款,滚到了近二十万,穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年,由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学,以教会之间的关系,用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款,产权遂归这所大学。1937年,辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍,收回房产,将府邸部分作为女院,并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死,这样,府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年,原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒,又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年,恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年,中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院,盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年,又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋,建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"_"期间,厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏,到七十年代中晚期,花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌,其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁,但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院,除皇帝和家眷外,任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟,以为家居之所。于是,王府便产生了。今日的北京城里,还有60余座清代王府,其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里,这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前,北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”,最中心的是故宫,外面的第二层是皇城,为政府衙门,第三层是内城,为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层,才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步,还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体,一是大殿,二是后殿,三是延楼,延楼东西长160米,有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落,和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园,20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京,有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写,人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景,每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物,因此有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是,许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人,是一等贵族,所以他的府邸不仅宽大,而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间,后殿5间,后寝7间,左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮,你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩,你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩,亲王12排,爵位越低,数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤,他修建了庆颐堂,模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时,这是其中的一条罪状。

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我是您们的导游员(讲解员) ,下面将由我陪同大家一起游览并做讲解,希望在我们的共同努力下,一起去领略这个全人类共同财富的神韵和它背后的神奇故事。 在进入陵区游览前,我先就明显陵向大家做一个大致的介绍: 显陵,是明朝恭睿献皇帝朱佑元与皇后蒋氏的合葬墓,始建于 1519 年,至今已有近五百年的历史了。早在 1988 年就被国务院列为国家级重点文物保护单位, 20xx 年底,显陵申报世界文化遗产获得成功,被录入联合国《世界遗产名录》,成为世界人民共同的财富。世界遗产目前全世界共有 500 多处,中国仅 30 处,属文化遗产的仅 21 处,湖北仅 2 处,即武当山和显陵,全国 32 个省市大部分一处都没有。 我刚才讲显陵是明朝恭睿献皇帝朱佑元陵墓,稍懂一点中国历史的人一定是想骂我了,明朝那里有过叫朱佑元的皇帝了?那我要说了,你知道的没错,我讲得也没错,不仅明朝没有,中国历史上也没有。因为中国历史上在编的皇帝的确没有这个人,因为他是中国历史上,也是世界历史上唯一一个在死后被追认皇帝的人,这也是显陵的奇特之处。尽管朱佑元生前没有当过皇帝,而在他死后被他儿子,后来当了皇帝的明朝嘉靖皇帝朱厚璁不仅追认为皇帝,而且还为他建造了中国历史上最大的皇陵。为了让显陵的规模超过中国历代皇陵,嘉靖皇帝在位 40 余年,动用了国库 40 余年的库银,几万名劳力建设了 40 多年,才建成今天的规模。它也是世界上建设周期最长的皇陵,也是全世界规模最大的皇陵之一。 显陵,是中国最早被联合国评为世界文化遗产的皇陵,而大家熟悉的明孝陵、十三陵都是在显陵成为世界文化遗产的四年后作为明清皇陵的扩充项目列入的,这主要是因为显陵有着明显的优势。首先,它完整地保留和体现了封建礼制,起着承上启下的作用,并影响到清代帝陵形制,他是明代帝陵最杰出的代表,它本身具有其它帝陵不同的独特之处:其中一陵两冢,为历代帝陵绝无仅有!中国没有,全世界也没有第二座!金瓶型外罗城、九曲回环的御河、龙形神道、圆形内外明塘也是其它帝陵绝对没有的。其次,显陵的建筑是利用中国风水理论“陵墓多与山水相称”的原则,将山水作为陵墓的有机组成部分,统一布局。建筑依山就势,错落有致,构成了一项建筑艺术与环境美学相结合的天才杰作。更重要的是,显陵的修筑是明嘉靖初年的重大历史事件“大礼仪之争”的产物。 显陵有这样多的奇特之处都符合联合国有关世界遗产的相关标准,连联合国世界遗产专家让路易先生都感到惊叹,说显陵真是一个“神奇的明显陵”。我不知道,大家游览完显陵后会有什么感想!会有什么的评价!好,各位,现在你们已经踏上明朝皇家陵地,请保持肃静,由我把大家带回到明朝…… 首先我们看到的这块石碑叫“下马碑”,上刻“官员人等在此下马”八个大字,为嘉靖年间宰相严嵩手写,在我国封建社会,帝王的尊严是至高无上的,陵区被视为神圣的禁区,不仅老百姓不能随便出入,即使是朝廷命官到此谒陵,也必须在此下马,这块碑在当时具有法律作用,违者将受到严惩,同时,它是显陵重要的标志性建筑。 各位贵宾,我们面前的这座单檐山式建筑,叫新红门,穿过这座门我们就正式进入陵区了。显陵工程浩大,前后用了四十年的时间,占地面积 183.13 公顷,相当于 300 个足球场那么大,整个显陵由内外两道城墙环护,大家看,连接这新红门的城墙叫外罗城,墙高 6.5 米,厚 1.9 米。周长 3600 多米,红墙黄瓦,蜿蜒于山峦起伏中,雄伟壮观,大家所看到的这样大的外罗城当时在建陵的之后,各地官员从全国各地,各州、府、县上至东北。下至云贵,从一砖、一瓦、一石都向这里进献。每一块砖、一块瓦都有完整标明拉来自何处,可见工程之浩大。从空中俯瞰,外罗城为“金瓶”形状,“金瓶”在风水术在中认为不仅能饶气护生,而且是神仙所佩之法器。其寓意神圣吉祥。同时蜿蜒的城墙顺山势起伏,避免了建筑外在的生硬感,使之与自然环境更加和谐。显陵外罗城是明代帝陵之首创!其后的明清陵寝均沿袭了这一做法。 穿过新红门大家会发现依中国古建筑之规制,所有主要建筑均在中轴线为中心在两边展开,而新红门却偏离了中轴线,这是为什么?请大家带者这个疑问随我继续游览。 在我们的左手边大家看到的这个水塘叫外明塘,因处风水术中外明堂的位置(这个堂是厅堂的堂)故名。明堂是风水理论中的重要概念,原指陵区开阔的空地,要宽阔忌狭窄,宜山长发展之计。外明塘上接陵区九曲河出水,下通沧浪湖入水,它破墙而出,使外罗城有 90 米的缺口,说起这个缺口还有一段有意思的典故呢:据说当年嘉靖皇帝为了给自己的父母修建陵寝,耗资巨大,然国库银两短缺,拿不出如此多的款项,当朝的奸相严嵩便出计让各地知府出资筑陵,此计一出,全国各地迫于皇威相继筹措不等银两,唯云南和贵州两府因地处边远穷困地区,未能及时筹措到足够的款项,导致延误大工,后被嘉靖皇帝贬官严办,当时的设计师就决定在这一空缺段修一口明塘与两边的外罗城相连。而这一空缺段也就留下了缺—云南,少—贵州的说法。至今钟祥人仍将独缺什么说成缺—云南少—贵州.。

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篇10:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 5975 字

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各位游客:

你们好,欢迎你们来到北京旅游,我是你们的导游

王府位于北京市西城区前海西街,是清代规模最大的一座王府,先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸,后被赐予恭亲王奕欣,由此得名恭王府,并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程,故有“一座恭王府,半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠,西山远望如虎踞”,这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言,它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水,北京据说有两条龙脉,一是土龙,即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙,指后海和北海一线,而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上,即龙脉上,因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财,在恭王府内“处处见水”,最大的湖心亭的水,是从玉泉湖引进来的,而且只内入不外流,因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住,而且都非常长寿。据说,北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近,这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成,南北长约330米,东西宽180余米, 占地面积约61120平方米,其中府邸占地32260平方米,花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大,而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间,正殿七间,后殿五间,后寝七间,左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落,其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路,每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂,殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦,显示了中路的威严气派,同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩,厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝,至今仍长势甚好,在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”,是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致,主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋,大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段,为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制,是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼,东西长达156米,后墙共开88扇窗户,内有108间房,俗称“99间半”,取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”,俗称恭王府花园,徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应,花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口,以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心,前有独乐峰、蝠池,后有绿天小隐、蝠厅,布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽,缠枝藤萝紫花盛开,使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天,怪石林立,环山衔水,亭台楼榭,廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化,别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至,寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街,建于1776—1785年,原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅,和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后,此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时,由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功,慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他,而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿,恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿, 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开,起到礼仪的作用。民国初年,由于不慎失火,大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁,现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的,但匾额无署款,无钤记,故无由证实,但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》,说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期,嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所,内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位,以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大,占地约6万平方米,分为府邸和花园两部分,拥有各式建筑群落30多处,布局讲究,气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园,园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱,东、南、西面均堆土累石为山,中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑,手法颇高。山顶平台,成为全园最高点。居高临下,可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成,和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题,如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂,其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格,其所表现的特点尤为突出:

一、 规格最高,可与宫殿建筑比美:

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断,还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池,装修成室内小园林,更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多,形式多样:

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处,而且具有多种类型,如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活,空间丰富:

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分,格局多样,其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间,又有私密性的小空间,既有对称式的,也有非对称式的,还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客,有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动,有的适合起居生活,有的作为寝息,不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细,技巧高超:

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木,用材异常讲究,加工的木料可以作出细小的截面,雕刻花纹起伏精确,而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格,只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成,施工难度之大,令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修,绝大部分已经无存,今天通过研究王府文化,要进一步将其发掘出来,结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求,再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年,即1776年,和珅开始在这东依前海, 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第,时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天,次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职,抄了其家,估计全部财富约值白银八亿两,相当于清政府十五年的财政收入,所以有“和珅跌倒,嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八,即1799年2月22日,和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身,则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时,嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主,仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年,即1851年,清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人,改名恭王府,恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府,半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年,这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会,后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回,并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后,王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群,分为府邸和花园两部分,府在前,园在后。恭王府的开放,早在30年前,就被提上议事日程。1975年,周总理在病床上,以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧,其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间,初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年,这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣,身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职,重权在握,显赫一时,乃大筑邸园,同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局,就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸,后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林,总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆,尚朴去华,明廊通脊,气宇轩昂,仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山,古树参天,曲廊亭榭,富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常,开合有致,实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载,在这块位于京城前海西岸,被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上,元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院,香火旺盛,游人如织,就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶,该寺院才逐渐荒废,沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后,在这里建造大小不等的院落若干,供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后,在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅,相中了这块四周萦水,遥接西山,而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地,遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产,建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”,是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知,第一代府主和珅,是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士,又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官,在清史中十分惹人注目,有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德,后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻,使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年,和珅因罪赐死,嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时,乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订,将来不管谁当了皇帝,都要“办”掉和珅,惟十七皇子永璘说:“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝,只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我,我就知足!”

说到永璘,或者许多人都不太熟悉,但若提起他的孙子,那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻,恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官,但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比,他总还算是一个敢于负责,能够委以重任的人。因此,从同治朝起,奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前,他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣,那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一,他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动,"辛酉政变"时,就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说,如果没有奕欣,整部中国近代史,乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性,那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑,自从它诞生的那一天起,就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质,命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年),和珅被处死之后,嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部,赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半,是因为当时,乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主,是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主,其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月,当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时,皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子,但天生神力,能开十个劲的硬弓,时常陪着父皇骑马打猎,乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女,他不只一次叹息:"你要是个阿哥,这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确,十公主非但武功卓绝,而且胸襟非凡,当和珅春风得意时,驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵,公主就曾经严肃地训斥他:"你阿玛受我父皇厚恩,不思回报,却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊,到了身家不保的那一天,连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话,虽不幸言中,但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情,没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位,公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二,西为庆王府;东为公主府,一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月,十公主去世,整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下,而那时,永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后,按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定,王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡,生计艰危,未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第,以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样,没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年,小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费,将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票",以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后,利上加利,原先八万银元的抵押款,滚到了近二十万,穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年,由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学,以教会之间的关系,用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款,产权遂归这所大学。1937年,辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍,收回房产,将府邸部分作为女院,并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死,这样,府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年,原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒,又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年,恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年,中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院,盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年,又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋,建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间,厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏,到七十年代中晚期,花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌,其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁,但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院,除皇帝和家眷外,任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟,以为家居之所。于是,王府便产生了。今日的北京城里,还有60余座清代王府,其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里,这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前,北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”,最中心的是故宫,外面的第二层是皇城,为政府衙门,第三层是内城,为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层,才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步,还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体,一是大殿,二是后殿,三是延楼,延楼东西长160米,有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落,和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园,20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京,有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写,人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景,每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物,因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是,许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人,是一等贵族,所以他的府邸不仅宽大,而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间,后殿5间,后寝7间,左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮,你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩,你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩,亲王12排,爵位越低,数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤,他修建了庆颐堂,模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时,这是其中的一条罪状。

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篇11:丽江古城导游词英文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 469 字

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今天我们来到风景秀丽的云南丽江古城。丽江古城位于玉龙雪山脚下,丽江古城的一大特点是没有城墙。请问各位游客,您见过那座古城没有城墙呢?恐怕没有吧。这就是丽江古城的最大特点。原来,因为丽江古城的首领姓木,他想,木围上就围墙不就是困了。他觉得这个字不吉利。就不要围墙了。可能有的人要问了,如果没有围墙,可能就会受到异族的侵略了。到那时没有防范措施怎么办?这个不用担心,丽江古城是四面环山,山又很高。可以将山当作最大的围墙。所以不用担心异族的攻击。

现在,我们看到丽江古城的两座大风车,他们叫母子轮。大的是妈妈,小的是儿子,怎么样,形象吧?我们在向前走,这个广场就是四方街了。四方街是一条历史悠久的街道。它可是茶马古道的必经之路。在这我们顺便讲讲茶马古道的故事。茶马古道是一条运盐巴,茶叶的道路,它从香格里拉一直到西藏。因为路上很危险,运输的队伍又经常遇险或被异族的人抢了货物杀害。所以,至今还有很多人记得他们。

再往前走,这座八角宝塔型的建筑就是丽江古城的木府。它是丽江首领居住的地方,所以人们现在一直还保留着。丽江古城的景点很多,一定要细细游览。

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篇12:英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2889 字

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According to legend, emperor yangdi Yang Guang in memory of his father sui wendi monuments, bless Jiang Shanyong solid, our descendants ten thousand generation, in TaiLing created next to the temple. Due to our temple create has the support of the emperor, so was grand and splendid. "Rebellion" after the national strength gradually weak, our temple and other buddhist dojo, with incense, less since Buddha, also doomed to our temple, temple of Buddha all destroyed.

Ming hongwu, the qing emperor qianlong and light years, our temple was rebuilt three times and the repair, thrived for many times, is bigger than before, more monks, meter has more than one hundred and eighty mu of land, of the moment, the late qing and early republic, war, bandits, more than our temple temple destroyed, and only three room of hall, six wing and on the second floor of the bell and drum, several monks guard.

1949 years later, the temple abbot monk, has more than 20 acres, land temple, Buddha, bell and drum ready, but unfortunately destroyed in the "cultural revolution". Mage advocated by the net day in 1987, under the original to our temple site restoration and reconstruction, July l989 Ursa major, change a temple called "daming monastery", take a big put light, become the government approval to legally buddhist temples. Since then, the local government, village cadres and four sides under the support of people, especially in Hong Kong publishing, holy one, the realization of the mage on the economy vigorously support, more than a decade to build without dropping out, developing very quickly. Solemn holy land of Buddhism has become a considerable scale. Temple covers an area of 12 acres with Ursa now 5 rooms, great hall 5, ZhaiTan between two layers of 14, he was the 3 rooms, three kuan ti temple temple and chanting hall, study hall, store kingle, drum tower, etc, and have electric room, a bathroom, a guest, wing and other supporting facilities.

Now daming monastery, have taken on a new look. Here is only 10 li away from the county seat, the transportation is convenient. Monastery in FeiFeng ShanYuan built, commanding, eye shot is open, large south the white snow, and west is west gaps back river, north to look deep famen temple pagoda, the east sui wendi TaiLing relatively. Lush scenery elegant, pleasant climate, flowers and trees. Is a wonderful place, temple central Ursa major iron tip of the roof center for SuiTai mausoleums top of the east, east illicit affair, namely using theodolite, nor partial silk recommend her. Is this the ancients masterpiece, deliberately or providence of close, remains unknown, but it makes people wonder, more make people feel mysterious. On the top of the temple in langfang long a towering cooper, dangling, for hundreds of years, despite the wind and rain, fighting, but still flourish, pilgrims and tourists all sigh for the spectacle.

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篇13:英文景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 18945 字

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英文景点导游词

许多导游新手们总是担心当遇到外国友人时应该怎么相他们描述我们祖国的大好风光,不要着急,下面是小编为你们整理出来的一些英文景点导游词范文,希望能帮到你们。

英文景点导游词范文1

Evening Scenes of Chongqing

The Red Star Pavilion in the Pipasha Park, the Kansheng Pavilion in theEling Park, and a place called Yikeshu on the Nanshan Mountain are vintagepoints for observing the nocturnal scenes of the mountain city of Chongqing. Atnight the entire city is inundated in an ocean of lights, which form a colorfulthree-dimensional painting, with waves of the Yangtze and Jialing riversglistening against the moonlit, star spangled sky.

Sites of the Provisional Capital

Chongqing figured importantly in modem Chinese history. During the War ofResistance against Japan, it was the "provisional capital" of China under theKuomintang rule from November 1937 to October 1945. Vestiges of that period arestill there in and around the city. These include the Red Crag Village and 50Zengjiayan, as well as Chiang Kai-sheks mansion, Guiyuan Garden, LinyuanGarden, and the mansion of C.C. Kong, the embassies of various countries toChina, as well as former residences of important politicians, generals andcultural figures.

Martyrs Mausoleum at Mount Gele

The former headquarters, radio station and prison of the Bureau ofInvestigation and Statistics of the Military Council (a colossal secret serviceof the Kuomintang) at the foot of the Gele Mountain in Shapingba District havebecome the mausoleum for those who died a martyrs death there in Chinas darkdays. In the dying years of World War 11, it was the site of the "Sino0USInstitute for Cooperation in Special Technology".

Dazu Grottoes

The Dazu Grottoes in the county of the same name is best known for thestone carvings on the Baodingshan and Beishan mountains, which are fine exampleof grotto sculpture in the late years of Chinese feudalism. The sculptures, donein fastidious chisel work and gracious imagery, are marked by a new sculpturallanguage that eschews religious taboos and espouses true life.

Yangtze Rivers Three Gorges

Sailong down the Yangtze from Chongqing to Yichang allows visitors to seethe spectacular scenery of the Three Gorges along with its splendid culturalheritage and fabled local folklore. The cruise, which combines sightseeing withscientific, artistic and folklore exploration, is a national-caliber touristprogram. The 193-km-long Three Gorges, consisting of the majestic Qutangxia,statuesque Wuxia and ferocious Xilingxia gorges, is one of and ferociousXilongxia gorges, is one of the worlds major canyons. Along the way there aresuch scenic attractions as the Fengdu Mountain. Baidi city, Shibao village,Zhang Fels Temple, Qu Yuans Temple, and the Three Gorges Dam.

Lesser Three Gorges

The Daning River is the largest Yangtze tributary, which rises in thesouthern side of the Daba Mountain and flows for 250km before emptying itselfinto the Yangtze at the western entrance to the Wuxia Gorge. The Lesser ThreeGorges on the Daning River, a 50km-long affair covering the Longmenxia, Bawuxiaand Dicuixia gorges in the lower reaches of the river, is billed as one ofChinas 40 best scenic resorts thanks to its gorgeous mountains, elegant peaks,turbulent rapids, limpid water, exotic rock imagery and serene scenery.

Diaoyu City, Hechuan

Established in 1242, or the 2nd year of the Chunyou reign of the SouthernSong, Diaoyu City covers 2.5 square km up the Diaoyu Mountain on the southernshore of the Jialing River in Hechuan Citys Heyang Town. In 1258, the Mongolslaunched a three-way attack on the Song, and in February the next year DiaoyuCity found itself besieged. The Song army mounted a valiant counterattack thatlast3ed for 36 years, and made world war history by rebuffing a strong enemywith a weak force. This prompted some European historians to laud Diaoyu City asthe "Mecca of the East" and "Where God broke his whip". The ruins of the ancientbattlefield of Diaoyu City are well kept there.

Jinyun Mountain

Nicknamed "Less Mount Emei", Jinyun Mountain is a national scenic resort55km from downtown Chongqing.

Furong Cave, Wulung

The Furong (Hibiscus) Cave is located by the Furong River in Wulung County.The main part of the cave is 2,700 metres in length and 3.7 square metres inarea. The Splendid Cave is the most impressive. Housed in it are nearly 30varieties of stalactites chiseled into every manner of exotic imagery by thecunning labor of nature. Major attractions are Gold Throne Hall, Leifeng Pagodaand Sky-reaching Jade Pillar.

英文景点导游词范文2

Friends, hello! Now we already arrived the Huangshan Mountain scenic spotsouthern region strategic place soup mouth. First introduces the HuangshanMountain scenery in here to you the survey.

Huangshan Mountain, is located south the Chinese Anhui Province, is theChinese Nanling sierra the part, entire mountain area approximately 1,200 squarekilometers. The Huangshan Mountain mountain system center-section, is HuangshanMountain’s essence are partial, also Huangshan Mountain scenic spot which musttour on us, area approximately 154 square kilometers. It within the boundariesof Huangshan Mountain city, south neighbour She county, Huizhou area, XiuningCounty and Yi Xian, north continually yellow mountainous area; These fivecounties, the area also all belong to the Huangshan Mountain cityjurisdiction.

Huangshan Mountain in Chinese Tang Dynasty before is called the mountain,is the black appearance, because on the mountain the rock blue black is blueblack, the ancient gives it such name. The fable we Chinese race’s ancestorshaft Yellow Emperor in completes the area south of Yellow River to unify afterindustry, founds the Chinese civilization, arrives here to pick the medicine tobuild up Dan, takes a bath in the hot spring, thus obtains enlightenment theimmortal. Tang Dynasty renowned Emperor Ming Huangli the prosperous baseextremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten down together theimperial edict in six years, the mountain will change name Huangshan Mountain.The meaning is, this mountain is Yellow Emperor’s mountain. From then on,Huangshan Mountain this name one until now.

The friends, you are not far thousand, even Wan Lidao here, must look atHuangshan Mountain with own eyes the America? Not is must feel a time of life tobe joyful? Yes, Huangshan Mountain is certainly beautiful certainly beautiful,may say the day wonderful mountain, can ascend a height to get a broad view it,has a look it with own eyes, truly is a life big happy event. Before the verylong long time, in the long geologic history generation, the nature infinitestrength, has molded the Huangshan Mountain that certainly beautiful elegantdemeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes one fall, iselated.

Huangshan Mountain’s America, first on beautifully in its high peak. Herecompetes Xiu, Feng Feng expresses admiration, respectively has thecharacteristic, each charm. The Huangshan Mountain high peak has how many, butalso does not have an accurate numeral. In the history successively names has 36big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years also had 10 famous peaks to be selected"the Huangshan Mountain Will". This more than 80 mountain peaks highoverwhelming majority above the elevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is allhighest (1,864 meters), the light goes against is next (1,841 meters), the dayall peak rank (1829.5 meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearingoutstanding beginning letter peak (1,683 meters), are Huangshan Mountain’sfriends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, also calculated.

Under, I "four certainly" separately make again Huangshan Mountain anintroduction.

Said Huangshan Mountain "four certainly", arranges at first working as isthe wonderful pine. Yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place? First iswonderfully in it vitality, you saw have had no alternative but to expressadmiration. Generally said that, every has the earth the side to be able toleave the vegetation and the crops, but the yellow pine is long comes out fromthe hard yellow hillock rock. Huangshan Mountain everywhere all is growing thepine tree, their long peak, the long sheer precipice, is long in the glen, greenand luxuriant, full of vitality. Since 1100, they were split open like this fromthe rock, the root deep deeply gripped in the rock seam, did not fear barren wasarid, did not fear the wind and thunder sleet, natural, unyielding. You can sayis not wonderful? Next is, yellow pinus montana also wonderfully in it thatunique natural modelling. From generally speaking, yellow pinus montana’s needleshort and heavy dense, Ye Senong green, the trunk and branches tune lives, crownflat, appears one kind simply, steady, the vigorous imposing manner, but eachpine tree, each pine tree, in the appearance, is mad in the rhyme, also is eachevery different, all some one kind of unusual America. The people according tothem the different shape and the charm, separately gave them to get up has beenappropriate from however the elegant interesting name, like received a guest thepine, the black tiger pine, the pine, Long Zhuasong, searches Korean pine, unitypine and so on. They are the Huangshan Mountain wonderful pine’srepresentative.

The strange stone, is constitutes the Huangshan Mountain beautiful sceneryone "certainly". Everywhere all may see in Huangshan Mountain wonderful shapestrange rock, these strange stone appearances infinitely varied, some picturepeople, some picture thing, some have the reflection certain myth fables and thehistorical story, lifelike, vivid were all interesting. In 121 famous stones,well-knownness higher some having "fly the stone", "immortal play chess", "themagpie ascend the plum", "the monkey view sea", "immortal expose to the sun theboots", "the Penglai three islands", "the golden rooster are called thefontanel" and so on. These strange stones have are the colossi, some marvelousexquisite; Some independences become the scenery, some are several combinationsor with the wonderful pine ingenious knot synthesis scenery. Also a strangestone because watched the position and the angle has changed, the appearancealso had the change, has become stone two scenery, if "the golden rooster wascalled the fontanel" also to call "five old heavens all", "the magpie to ascendthe plum" also to be called "immortal to refer to the road" is moves step tradesthe scenery the reason. Also some strange factories, looked under the dissimilarcondition, can produce cannot association, thus also had the different name, if"the monkey view sea" also is called "the monkey to look peace" then is.

英文景点导游词范文3

Welcome to Yunnan, Welcome to Tengchong! It’s my honor to be your guide.Today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot springs in Tengchong, whichare the most famous here.

As we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a briefintoduction of Tengchong. Tengchong is located in the southwest of China andoccupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. There are 23 nationalities here,such as 汉、傣、回、白 nationalities and so on. When we mentioned Tengchong, threethings will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot springs having10,000 years, the border city having 1,000 years and the fair of jade having 100years.

Later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot spring, so now I can tellyou something about the latter two ones. They all can reflect the long historyTengchong has. Tengchong is a city on boarder. And because of its location, ithas been an important place for military reasons. And that’s a part of itshistory. It’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown ofso many famous people. And another part of its history is that Tengchong is onetrade center of jade between China and Burma. So don’t forget to get a round tothe jade fair. I think you will feel interested.

OK, everyone, here is the Library of the Volcanoes. Now let’s have a lookat .The volcanoes in Tengchong are famous in China, and it’s one of the fourgroups of volcanoes in China. The strong extravasations are the cause of thelandform of Tengchong. There is a lieder in Tengchong saying that:” Such a placeTengchong, nine in ten mountains have no peaks.” It’s very vivid, from that youcan see so many volcanoes are in Tengchong. There are 97 volcanoes in Tengchongnow with high value of tourism and scientific research.

英文景点导游词范文4

Welcome to Yunnan, Welcome to Tengchong! It’s my honor to be your guide.Today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot springs in Tengchong, whichare the most famous here.

As we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a briefintoduction of Tengchong. Tengchong is located in the southwest of China andoccupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. There are 23 nationalities here,such as 汉、傣、回、白 nationalities and so on. When we mentioned Tengchong, threethings will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot springs having10,000 years, the border city having 1,000 years and the fair of jade having 100years.

Later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot spring, so now I can tellyou something about the latter two ones. They all can reflect the long historyTengchong has. Tengchong is a city on boarder. And because of its location, ithas been an important place for military reasons. And that’s a part of itshistory. It’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown ofso many famous people. And another part of its history is that Tengchong is onetrade center of jade between China and Burma. So don’t forget to get a round tothe jade fair. I think you will feel interested.

OK, everyone, here is the Library of the Volcanoes. Now let’s have a lookat .The volcanoes in Tengchong are famous in China, and it’s one of the fourgroups of volcanoes in China. The strong extravasations are the cause of thelandform of Tengchong. There is a lieder in Tengchong saying that:” Such a placeTengchong, nine in ten mountains have no peaks.” It’s very vivid, from that youcan see so many volcanoes are in Tengchong. There are 97 volcanoes in Tengchongnow with high value of tourism and scientific research.

英文景点导游词范文5

fellow friends:

hello! toured the dali old city, initially has feltthis humanitieslandscape profoundness; now we watch the cangshanerhai, understands the dalisamerica of scenery.first, we ride the yacht to go to the erhai park. the erhaipark othername group mountain park, is l ocated the hsiakuan city northeast2kilometers place groups mountains. north it near ocean waves wan qingerhai,west and cangshan southend setting sun peak relative. whennanzhao country, hereis kings deer park. in 1976 here newly wardedoff for the park, occupiesdi 1,600chinese acres. on the mountain has thezoo and the plant nursery flower-bed,broadly plants the dali areaeach kind of precious flower different plant, isvery good rests placeof the tour.

now the pleasure boat to the erhai park near the sea causeway, wecameashore to the ship, this is under the group foot of a hill binhai tourareaalong 270 multistage stone steps ascendslevel on, we arrive the summit.everybodylooked that, this curls upwardsangle upturned eave pavilion is looks theseabuilding, the eave hangs from above the plaque, submits a writtenstatement: jadeer silver dark green ", the black bottom goldcharacter, vigorous is classicallyelegant, it is the chinese inadmiration of somebodys fame painter wu zuorenswriting skill. looksthe sea building is understands "the jade er silver darkgreen"happiest extent, leans against a railing looks out into the distance:eastside erhai vast, boundless, west cangshan is continuous,luxuriant is gray.

fellow friends, let us go on board once more, roams through to erhaiin. buti first must to everybody introduction be actually amcangshan. formerly, we inthe dali city, under on the dark green footof a hill road, have not been able tolook at carefully the cangshangrand appearance well. just like the ancient said"does not know thetruth about the matter, only reason body in this mountain";looks thesea building in the erhai park, the angle of view inclines, alsoonlycan see the cangshan terminal. now, unceasingly leads the way alongwith thepleasure boat, in our eye cangshan is not clearer? somepeople said that, ahengduan pulse condition great arm, the tibetplateau extended west yunnan from"the roof of the world" to thesouth, cangshan was in this world famous sierra acloud range branch.

cangshan, also names the diancang, is green because of its mountaincolor,the mountain apex acquires fame in vain. cangshan altogetherhas 19 peaks. this19 peaks from the north to the south order are: thecloud makes, green, five, thelotus flower, the white clouds, thecrane cloud, three positive, the blue peak,the snowman, should behappy, the goddess of mercy, center and, longquan, thejade bureau,malone, the saint should, buddha go against, ma er, the settingsun.in 19 peaks, the malone peak is highest, elevation 4,122 meters. thecangshan19 peaks, two peaks clamp a brook, altogether 18 brooks; eastthe mountain streamflows, pours into erhai, 18 brooks from north tosouth, the base arrangement is:south the rosy cloud moves, wan hua,the positive brook, the awn wells up, thebrocade brook, the spiritspring, the white stone, the double mandarin duck,hides the immortal,mei xi, the peach brook, center the brook, the emerald,longxi, clearblue, remnant, pavilion mouth, is not positive.

the cangshan scenery by the snow, the cloud, springstone is famous. ifirstintroduce cangshan to everybody the snow. after the summer needlesscangshansnow, is dali "the love affair" four given names scenery. thesnow white cangshansnow, all previous dynasties article literatiapproves the refined language quitea lot, the folklore also many. thethe ming dynasty writer li yuanyang oncepraised: "date li cangshansnow, precioustai 19 peaks".

cangshans cloud is the famous biography is far and wide. the cloudgathersthe cloud to disperse, sometimes the pale like light smoke,sometimes is thicklike splashes ink. in fluctuates varied center, what is most mysterious is"looks the husband cloud" and "thejade belt cloud". so-called "looks the husbandcloud" is referswhenever the winter spring the season, the cangshan jade bureaupeakregular meeting appears a lonely cloud, suddenly remembers suddenlyfalls,about flutters, if hoped if attends to. unusual occupying to anits appearance,the diancang then suddenly gets up the storm, blows toerhai. so-called "jadebelt cloud", is refers whenever at the end ofthe summer fallinitially, afterrainfirst clear, between the cangshan 19 peakshalfways up the mountainside oftencan appear white clouds, the cloudsgatherscollects, slowly pulls open, if thepure white jade belt horizontallyties the green mountainside. is continuousdozens of miles,unexpectedly the date does not dissipate. marvelous is, "thejade beltcloud" meets the omen agriculture abundant harvest: it appearsthenumber of times to be many, same year on good crop weather. localpainationality has the farmers proverb: "cangshan is the jade belt, thehungrydog eats the rice".

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篇14:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 578 字

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由于恭王府有着某些《红楼梦》中所描绘的景物,因此有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是,许多人又提出了不同的意见。

王府的主人奕诉,是一等贵族,所以他的府邸不仅宽大,而且建筑也是最高格制,显示其不可逾越的等级,明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸5间,正殿7间,后殿5间,后寝7间,左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。

恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤,他修建的庆颐堂模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫,皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时,这就是其中的一条罪状。

恭王府的建筑,可分为府邸和花园两部分。府邸占地46.5亩,分为中东西三路,各由多进四合院组成,后面环抱着长160余米的通脊二层后罩楼。楼后为花园,占地38.6亩,园内建筑也约略形成中东西三路,园中散置了叠石假山,曲廊亭榭,池塘花木。

中路前部是面阔3间的大门和面阔5间的二门,门里原有正殿银安殿,已毁,现存后殿,即嘉乐堂;东路由三进四合院组成,是恭亲王奕折的起居生活用房;西路正房为锡晋斋,院宇宏大,廊点周接,气派非凡。在三路院落之后,环抱东西长160米的40余间两层后楼,东边名瞻雾楼,西边名宝约楼。楼后即花园--苹锦园,俗称恭王府花园,占地2.8万平方米。园内建筑分中东酉三路,也有约略的轴线,散置叠石假山、曲廊亭榭、水池花木。主要建筑有蝎殿、邀月台、大戏台、沁秋亭等。

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篇15:昆明概况的英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2798 字

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Kunming lake is located in the Summer Palace in Beijing, its area is aboutthree-quarters of the total area. Former northwest Beijing many springs convergeinto natural lakes, has seven names such as yet, large parking in the lake.

Kunming lake, a former northwest Beijing many springs converge into naturallakes, has seven names such as yet, large parking in the lake. Due to thelongevity hill after the predecessor has the name of urn hill, also known as urnhill parking. Kunming lake is a natural, artificial lake. Here is the originalxishan hill arch fans, former reason springs to assemble a lowland swamp.

In 1153 AD, after gold yanjing (as) in its capital, gold master yan honglight out the chicken water land, built in the jinshan palace. More from thewest to the aim of yuquan hill spring note at the foot of the jinshan, make itbecome a plain, storage called the golden stream. This is the precursor of thekunming lake today. To the yuan dynasty, to increase the golden stream of waterwill be needed to supply the Kyoto grain transportation, water conservancy, guoshoujin guided ChangPing County white water from springs and yuquan hill intothe mooring floating village. Jinshan was renamed urn hill, lake was renamed urnhill berth, the surface than had previously been expanded. In the Ming dynasty,white village water channel (white floating weir) disrepair, the water dried up,urn hill parking area is narrow. Emperor qianlong in the qing dynasty carveddeep to expand mooring and urn hill, become larger than when Ming dynasty triplegiant leaching, the beginning of the kunming lake.

This name, is the emperor that is applied in the qianlong emperor inchangan capital kunming pool practicing wenhuan allusions. The name used today.After the yuan dynasty Beijing its capital for grain transportation, presidedover by the water conservancy experts guo shoujin, upstream water development,changping along the mountain spring water and running water into the lake,became mostly in the city of grain transportation by using the reservoir. Manyplanting lotus in the lake in the Ming dynasty, around the paddy planting rice,lake have temples, pavilions, wins again, like the jiangnan scenery, hence thereare "west lake", "west lake scenery" of reputation.

MingWu of land god, Ming has been on a boat to go fishing for fun here.Qing qianlong built qingyi garden, the lake will develop, become the size of thenow, and take the emperor in changan kunming digging pool exercises war story,named kunming lake, on the lake every summer training exercise. Kunming lake onthe main subject is west dike and six bridge, east dike, the west embankment inthe south lake island, the marble seventeen-arch bridge which and so on. Flowaround the longevity hill river at the foot of the mountain, known as thelake.

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篇16:丽江的英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 436 字

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束河位于丽江城北,沿柏油马路向雪山方向行驶,约五公里处左转, 进入一碎石路段,再前行约2公里,你便可以见到一个古老的村落,这就是束河,又名龙泉村。

进入束河村,你可直抵束河中心集市,在这里你会有一种似曾相识的感觉,这是一个类似大研镇古城四方街的广场,面积约250平方米,亦称束河四方街,赶集的日子里异常热闹,曾是丽江皮毛交易集散之地。广场四周均为店铺,古老的木板门面,暗红色油漆。还有店前黑亮的青石,脚下斑驳的石坡路面,以及闲坐的老人,勾勒出束河古朴自然本色。站在广场中心,你细细观察体会,大研古城四方街完全是束河的翻版,纳西民族由游牧向农耕,再走向城市,从这里你可找出一些痕迹。

沿束河街北走100米,便可找到溪流的源头“九鼎龙潭 ”,潭水透明清澈,日夜涌泉,束河人奉为神泉,于是建有北泉寺。寺内陈设与古城其它寺院没有什么区别,倒是源边临水一角,有一个“三圣宫”楼阁,为传统四合院,里面供奉的皮匠祖师。因为是束河人的骄傲,这里有很多制皮的能工巧匠,同时也是重要皮毛集散之地。

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篇17:英文导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2065 字

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Wulong fairy mountain national forest park is chongqing top ten tourist attractions, the national AAAAA level scenic area, land belongs to the wuling mountains, based in wulong county in chongqing wujiang river north shore. Of scenic fairy mountain national forest park a total area of 8910 hectares, an average elevation of 1900 meters, 2033 meters, the highest peak in the jiangnan unique charm of alpine grassland, austral rare beautiful snow, green quiet beautiful jungle BiYe landscape, known as the "eastern Switzerland".

She and magical furong cave, beautiful lotus river, the worlds largest natural arch geological wonders, classic refined winbond hotel (4 star) combination for chongqing best tourism holiday resort. The best travel time fairy mountain national forest park is located in chongqing wulong, the four seasons scenery each are not identical, have distinguishing feature each, the four seasons all appropriate travel.

Fairy mountain in winter is long, from November to February next year with XueQi. When the snow, be dressed in white, prairie lamb with skiing, snow, snow. Summer cool temperate in the mountains, average temperature in 18-20 oc, even in the hottest in July and August, the highest temperature is not more than 30 ℃, the summer scenery charming beautiful, climate is cool and refreshing shu shuang, the vast Lin hai, cool breeze blowing Buddha, cool and pleasant, is an excellent resort, leisure vacation, few so fairy mountain enjoys a fame as the "mountain city Summer Palace".

Tourism zone are mainly lionrock, fairy stone, hou home village, the nine axes, the red army of workers and peasants in sichuan province, beautiful scenery, the political department of the site of the first two guerrillas pasture resort, tent village, meat hot pot city hunter village, etc. With the jiangnan unique glamour of alpine grassland, austral rare beautiful snow, green quiet beautiful jungle BiYe landscape, known as the "Oriental Switzerland", fairy mountain Lin hai, mountain, meadow, the snow is referred to as the four unique visitors.

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篇18:黄山英文导游词简单_安徽导游词_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 4532 字

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黄山英文导游词简单3篇

黄山的山峰,莲花峰最高,高1864米,光明顶第二,高1841米,天都峰第三,高1829.5米。下面是第一范文网带来的黄山英文导游词简单,希望可以帮到大家。

篇一:黄山英文导游词简单

Everybody is good! Im liu, you can call me liu guide, welcome to visit huangshan scenic spots, now let me introduce you to huangshan! Huangshan mountain is very beautiful, spring is a beautiful season, youre really fit you literally see.

Now I will take you to look at and spectacular! You see, on the right side of that piece of peak, the peak thousand odd provide some beautiful some magic some said, also touched the peak, the legend can be dozens of years younger; If the disease, touch it, dont. Quick to touch! Well, you look left, now this is odd matsuyama, songshan have a hoard, a hoard of four director with some very sweet pine tree, the pine trees is very strong, even falling rain blows continuously, be quiet, please keep quiet! In front of a hot spring, lets take a look, listen and try that hot springs, remember dont litter!

Everybody free tour!

Article 4: huangshans commentaries 300 words

Tourists friends, everybody! Welcome to the world heritage - huangshan scenic area. Very glad to be a tour guide! My name is Tian Huicong, everybody call me field guide.

As the saying goes: "its return from mountain, mount huangshan return from yue." Huangshan pines, rocks, sea of clouds, hot spring, snow "five greats" famous Chinese and foreign. Today I will give everyone focuses on huangshan pines.

Everyone see, huangshan pine trees can survive in rock seam, strong vitality. Their shapes, the intricacies of: black tiger, African, come loose loose knot, welcoming pine and so on, a lot of pine trees because they shape the name! Huangshan welcoming pine is one of the famous scenic spot, shape is special, its central trunk out of the two lateral branch of up to 7.6 meters exhibition to the front, like a hospitable host, waved his arms, warmly welcome guests from home and abroad to visit huangshan, become the symbol of the Chinese people warm hospitality. Later we can over there to take photos, as a souvenir.

The wonders of huangshan said also said not over, see also not enough. Now, please enjoy to enjoy the beautiful scenery of huangshan! Please dont throw the peel and in play and food packaging bags, not to a dangerous place.

I wish you all have fun!

篇二:黄山英文导游词简单

The tourists, everyone! Welcome to the world heritage - huangshan scenic area. Very glad to be a tour guide! My name is Wang Shishi, everybody call me Wang Dao.

As the saying goes: "its return from mountain, mount huangshan return from yue." Huangshan pines, rocks, sea of clouds, hot spring, snow "five greats" famous Chinese and foreign. Today I will give everyone focuses on huangshan pines.

Everyone see, huangshan pine trees can survive in rock seam, strong vitality. Their shapes, the intricacies of: black tiger, African, come loose loose knot, welcoming pine and so on many pine trees because they shape the name! Guest-greeting pine is one of the famous scenic spot huangshan, appearance is special: its central trunk out of the two lateral branch of up to 7.6 meters exhibition to the front, like a hospitable host, waved his arms, warmly welcome guests from home and abroad to visit huangshan, become the symbol of the Chinese people warm hospitality. Later we can over there to take photos, as a souvenir.

The wonders of huangshan said also said not over, see also not enough. Now, please enjoy to enjoy the beautiful scenery of huangshan!

Please dont throw the peel and in play and food packaging bags, not to a dangerous place.

I wish you all have a good time!

篇三:黄山英文导游词简单

Hello, I am your little guide. Today I will take you to visit huangshan.

Speak of the "four unique" huangshan ranked first, of course, is loose. Huangshan pine has a very strong force. They are not afraid of cold, evergreen, shape differences, dazzle you.

The second is the stone. The stones are various of huangshan. There are more than 120 have been named after the peak. Some wings like a big cock crows, so named "golden call tianmen", some like five old man dressed in robes, the so called "five old heaven all".

The third is the hot spring. We often make peace visit hot springs is a former mountain huangshan hot spring hotel, in ancient times called essence, Wells from purple stone mountain. Keep the spring all the year round in 42 degrees, water quality is very good, but not to drink.

Finally, we come to huangshan sea of clouds. The cloud of huangshan is different from the usual, like the flood water.

Well, today is here, welcome to visit huangshan next time.

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篇19:英文导游词结尾参考

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 2401 字

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Anshan, liaonings third largest city, northeast Chinas fifth largest city, is located in the middle of the liaodong peninsula, because there are a pair of shaped like a saddle mountain city south (manchu think jose allyn, meaning saddleback mountain). Liaoning anshan is located in the hinterland of the bohai sea economic zone, is one of the important fulcrum, shenyang - dalian golden economic belt is also the shenyang economic zone (the original central liaoning urban agglomeration) and important connections with the liaoning coastal economic belt. It is approved by the state council have local legislative power of the big city. Anshan is one of the largest iron and steel industry in northeast city, new Chinas first city, iron and steel industry has "steel capital of the republic of" reputation, is the cradle of new China iron and steel industry. Because of the rich in jade, so there is "Chinese jade". Anshan is one of the big cities in China, has the worlds first jade Buddha - jade Buddha garden ridge scenic area, the Asian famous soup hot spring qianshan mountain scenic spot and the country. It governs four districts, a county-level city, a county and a autonomous county.

Anshan, saddle for short, is Chinas third largest city in liaoning province, anshan for southern city named a mountain that has been shaped like a saddle.

Anshan city jurisdiction Haifa, taian county, xiuyan manchu autonomous county and tiedong, I, lishan district, qianshan mountain ridge new town (soup), anshan high-tech zone, bay and other six urban area, urban area of 797 square kilometers. With a total area of 9252 square kilometers and a population of 9252 people. Anshan city by the end of 20xx, a total population of 3481999 people.

Anshan is a warm temperate continental monsoon climate, four seasons, abundant precipitation. Eastern mountainous area of forest vegetation is rich, the forest coverage rate 50%, rich apple, pear, chestnut, tussah, south fruit pear is a famous specialty in anshan. Major western plains of cultivated land area of 2820xx hectares, producing corn, rice, beans, peanuts.

Anshan is China excellent tourist city, with the worlds largest jade Buddha, trip to Asia famous hot springs, anshan iron and steel (industrial tourism), south fruit picked pears, anshan, China (every) of pear flower festival, the national mountains and the treasure jade are numerous tourist brands.

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篇20:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 3530 字

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各位游客大家好!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家,后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状,抄了他的家充公,恭王府导游词。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗奕讠斤,所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉,一是京城中轴线,二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说:“皇上坐龙头,我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局,却还要龙尾行大事。”听听,和珅野心之勃勃,真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内,有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠,而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和珅想让自己很幸福,便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”,建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后,首先映入眼帘的,便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘,名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树,榆树的果、叶形似铜钱,每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时,和珅就会笑哈哈:“天上掉下的钱,进入我的‘聚宝盆’,地上的钱也是流入我和珅的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走,便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门,色彩鲜艳,做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门,绕过“送子观音”石雕,便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园,修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖,一是故宫的太和殿,二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好,所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具,偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐,能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和珅等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊,便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合,清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府,就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的,冬暖夏凉,和珅最爱待在这里了。

出书斋,前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿,有一条很特别的路,只有一节阶梯,然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路,因为和珅说过他这一世,只有年少时吃过苦,然后就一路平步青云,登上了“一人之下,万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯,免吃一点苦,直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事:当年孝庄太后年老病重之时,极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝,心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔,大笔一挥,写了一个 “福”字。写完之后,玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力,十分潇洒。细一看,竟看见了多个词组:多田,多子,多才,多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意,便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果,久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜,决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传,让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中,就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下,只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福,寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说:“皇上是‘万岁’,我是‘万福’!”后来,嘉庆帝抄他家时,本想把福石搬回皇宫,可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了,他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山,在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙,寓意“龙坐江山”,嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”,便把福石留了下来。

恭王府概述

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王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁,位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府,是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府,是全国重点文物保护单位,它代表着中国的王府文化。

乾隆四十一年,即1776年,和珅开始在这东依前海,背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第,时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三,太上皇弘历归天,次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职,抄了其全家,估计全部财富约值白银八亿两,相当于国库十几年的总收入,所以有“和珅跌倒,嘉庆吃饱”的说法,同年正月十八,即1799年2月22日,和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身,则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时,嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主,仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年,即1851年,清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人,改名恭王府,恭王府之名由此沿用至今。 “一座恭王府,半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年,这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会,后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回,并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后,王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠,西山远望如虎踞”,这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言,它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水,北京据说有两条龙脉,一是土龙,即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙,指后海和北海一线,而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上,即龙脉上,因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财,在恭王府内“处处见水”,最大的湖心亭的水,是从玉泉湖引进来的,而且只内入不外流,因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人,均在恭王府的附近居住,而且都非常长寿。据说,北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近,这个地方是一块风水宝地。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群,分为府邸和花园两部分,府在前,园在后。恭王府的开放,早在30年前,就被提上议事日程。1975年,周总理在病床上,将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧,其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

王府占地约3.1万平方米,分为中、东、西三路建筑,由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间,正殿七间,后殿五间,后寝殿七间,左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大,而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落,其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。

现在就请您跟随我们的讲解,游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。

门外院落

首先给您介绍一下王府主体院落之外的部分。在府邸大门外并列有东西两组院落。

西侧一组院落在三间正门两侧开有两座罩子门通向东、西两路院落,门的前方纵列着四排房屋,每排房屋当中各有一座阿思门,东边的阿思门外有一座影壁。

西侧院落南边沿围墙有两排倒座房,是王府的办事机构用房:前排东侧为回事处、随侍处,中间为管事处,西侧为佐领处、档子房、管领处、庄园处、置办处等,后排为粮仓房;两排倒座之间有东房一排,为裁房、厨房、水屋等。

东侧一组院落中南边沿围墙也有一排倒座房,为王府的兵房,驻有护卫王府的旗兵十余名;北边有一组四合院落,据说载滢回府时在此居住。

当时王府的总出入门就开在东侧院落的东墙上。

好了,下面我们将按照由中路入东路,转中路进西路最后到达后罩楼的顺序带领您转转这重新修缮的恭王府。

正门

中路有正门两重,均朝南。现在您要走入的是恭王府府邸的正门,大门面阔三开间,外置石狮子一对,石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩有12排,代表亲王的爵位。

经过这中路的第一个小院,接下来您还需走过这面阔5间的二门,才能进入王府的中心区域。二门内是正殿及东西配殿,其后为后殿及东西配殿。

向里走您马上会看到的是修复后的银安殿。

银安殿

银安殿俗呼银銮殿,是恭王府最主要的建筑。它作为王府的正殿,只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开,起到礼仪的作用。民国初年,由于不慎失火,大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁。现在经过修复,虽不能与原来的完全一样,但还是能让您体会到它的宏伟与庄重,感受到它的神韵。

现在让我们先去游览一下东路的主要建筑。下一个景点是多福轩。

05多福轩

多福轩采用小五架梁式的明代建筑风格。这里是奕?的会客处,保存着一些漂亮的凤凰彩绘,因其内部悬挂许多“福寿匾”而得名。多福轩内6个书架4个多宝格每个都是4米多高,全是用楠木复原的。

轩前院子内有古藤萝一架,被称为“藤莹架”,据考已生长200多年,在北京是不多见的。因此这个院子又被称为“藤萝院”。

绕过多福轩,您将进入东路的最后一个院子,看到后院的正厅乐道堂。

乐道堂及嘉乐堂

这里恭亲王奕忻起居的地方。奕?为皇子时,道光帝曾赐“乐道堂”匾额一方,此堂因此得名。

东路游览完了,现在请您向西走,去参观中路后院的嘉乐堂。

嘉乐堂五开间、硬山顶、前出廊,是和珅时期的建筑,悬挂“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的,但匾额无署款,无钤记,故无从证实。在恭亲王时期,嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所,内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位,以萨满教仪式为主。这就印证了民间对于王府内有座神殿的传说。

看过了银安殿和嘉乐堂,想必您已经发现了,这中轴线上建筑物的屋顶都用绿琉璃瓦、脊吻兽,而配殿屋皆用灰筒瓦。

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