明显陵英文导游词【实用20篇】

Each visitor:

How are you, welcome you to a bead sea tour, I am your guide DAVID.

Each visitor, hello, everyone, today my taking the tourist spot that everyone sight-sees is a sea spring gulf, arrive at bead sea, you can not go to romantic Chinese top-class ocean hot springs of romantic feeling and spend a holiday the city-sea spring gulf.

【The sea spring gulf spends a holiday city general situation 】

The sea spring gulf spends a holiday city to locate at to cover area 4.2 square kilometers in the bead gold gulf area in sea City, more than 50 kilometers apart from the city center, the plan invests 3,500,000,000 dollars, the Qing dint creates domestic top-class, the world is top-grade super large comprehensive sex tour spend a holiday city.The sea spring gulf spends a holiday a city head the period develop 1 square kilometer, it from mysterious island, ocean hot springs, spend a holiday a hotel, the dreamlike theater, medical check-up center and athletics exercise club to constitute.Is a trip to develop rich brocade China in Shenzhen after the success in Hong Kong, folk cultural village empress of another masterpiece.

Today our main route of travel BE, going first playing of mysterious island, mysterious island magic but movement the item will certainly let your intense emotion four shoot, the Hao feeling is full of, Chinese food after experience personally to possess south china sea and the natural ocean hot springs of first spring good reputation, let you to the utmost enjoy the romantic romantic feeling of ocean hot springs culture.Arrive sea spring after using up the dinner in Fisherman Warf the gulf spend a holiday the dream that the dreamlike theater of city watches a large song and dance evening party-the seaside, we will stay very sea spring gulf of enriching romantic feeling in Mediterranean to spend a holiday a hotel in the evening, hope that everyone can spend in the sea spring gulf wonderful but a day of romance.

【Mysterious peculiar mysterious island 】

The mysterious island is the topic paradise that the sea spring spends a holiday city and has personality and magic power most , it according to the coast line of natural daintiness, naturally natural lake noodles, skillfully play the high technology that the variety fascinatingly stimulate the equipments mutually blends with the whole building that spend a holiday style in city Mediterranean and constituted intense emotion four overflow of mysterious island area, wildly enthusiastic lucky big way area, the risky bush area of breathtaking incitement, mysterious strange and changeful pirate fortress area, the lake area of mermaid of dreamlike nursery tale sort and expand training camp and wait the structure and form of five the areas one camps.In the mysterious island, if you experience personally the best China and Asia possess fively play facilities, the first Asia situation full of peril, the first Asia E type chariot, the first in China flees for life a ship crazily, the first in China plays shoot type mine ride, China first set perpendicular extreme limit, so you will definitely acquire and unprecedentedly play and enjoy.

Mysterious island entrance

Is a mysterious island entrance here, gorgeous riotous of the small scaled tower building of color and thou the color thou joss-stick, the dockyard shape reappeared the living scene of soil Zhao residents of Caribbean.Get into view area, we will see lucky square and one by one in order spread to open of be full of various an exotic mood handicraft product store and eating place, people while choosing their own adoring merchandises, feel like walked to go into the mysterious world that a time and space converts.

Lucky big way area

Immediately after we step on a lucky big way, here of interact theater, listen to sound room etc. play item, will make you have a marvellous felling.Especially be you into to listen to sound room, the wood joss-stick of the Fang Xin makes you infatuate with, you will can not control feelings here of shut eyes, feel the sound of marvellous sounds of nature quietly.

Risky bush area

Arrive at risky bush area, it will make you make you feel an alternative incitement and experience.No matter is soon the mine ride that the extreme limit flies, still an extremely breathtaking situation full of peril, all full of biggest of challenge.

The world is the latest, the first China situation full of peril is like a big bird crane to sign by the side of the ocean and lets you has eager to have a try impulse.When you meticulously sit the first in China to play a shoot type mine ride, in a flash, it hurtles the high set of 34 meters by the speed of 91 kilometer per hours, at the time that you hadnt yet recovered from a fright, it camed to a perpendicular 360 degrees wreath again to turn, after wreath turns, the mine ride followed to tilt to one side orbit to turn round 270 degrees, through twice lose heavy, rushed at terminal point by camel hump circuit.

Because the orbit approaches a ground intentionally, the passengers speed feeling and shocking feeling is stronger, make the ambulation speed that the visitor feels faster than actual speed, short short 85, let you feel unprecedented incitement.

Here of mysterious theater, play India romantic feeling ballet every evening-happiness fairy, gorgeous consummate India dance, bring everyone of will be easy and happiness.

Mysterious island area

Step on a mysterious island, high towering sign at the mysterious island of the sea spring absolute being tower and perpendicular extreme limit of the center, the Zhe public is cold.Whenever the cope of night condescends to come, in the reflecting of blue light under the Chen, the sea spring absolute being tower is getting more magnificent, mysterious magnificent.If you didnt experience personally the extreme incitement of once perpendicular extreme limit and equaled dont come to mysterious island.

The Chinas first set has the perpendicular extreme limit biggest acceleration of dual function to reach to 72.4 meters per hour, Gao Tai Rang who rise 60 meters feels at the same time that losing is heavy and the incitement of excess.Suddenly the body is perpendicular get down, let you brains blank, moment the experience throw but the whole annoyance, thoroughly clean depressive extreme pleasant sensation, enjoy extreme limit madness.

Pirate fortress area

Get into pirate fortress area, the mysterious peculiar feeling then rushes toward noodles since then.One E type chariot is most well worth playing and flees for life a ship crazily here.If that kind of fall to a precipice, the felling of extremely breathtaking incitement, only scream then acclaim can smooth.

The lake area of mermaid

Arriving at the lake area of mermaid is a peculiar water world here.The ocean cartoon of color and amiability that is riotous is the topic of the lake area of mermaid.It is the childrens nursery tale Kingdom.Here, the visitors who take a kid can let your darling child play frog jump and turn a horse, peculiar eddy etc. plays item.

Expand training camp

The mysterious island still has sea spring gulf to expand training camp.It is the topic type that China founds to expand training camp and make the importance of sea spring gulf constitute part.It integrated a hot springs, hotel, resourceses like Fisherman Warf,etc, created the new mode that comprehensive sex experience trains.Its air break bridge, the air concusses bridge, air only wooden bridge, the trust back falls off, rock climb wall, graduate wall etc. enriches of the training item is that you throw but vex and release the ideal choice of pressure.

【The romantic romantic feeling of ocean hot springs 】

The ocean hot springs covers more than 40,000 square meters, the head expects to always invest Y 170,000,000.Ocean hot springs is make use of 83 degrees of rich contain a variety to be advantageous to a human body of mineral of health and the bottom of sea hot springs of the trace element water with meticulous care create of take a bath recreational district.Our country famous medical mineral spring experts professor Chen Yan Bing calls it as south china sea and first spring.According to taking a bath way and design method, ocean hot springs taking a bath to construct is full of the foreign country romantic feeling of romantic sentimental appeal.

The ocean hot springs is managed by three greatest sections, the hot springs department collects world-wide locations hot springs cultural essence;There is luxurious comfortable rest hall in the health care department, the facilities forerunners spa hydrotherapy, various health care massages, the Chinese medicine nurse and treat and only enjoy sovereign luxurious suite etc. of dignifying the personal space.There are Chinese and western restaurants in the dining department, with produce the Chinese and Foreign delicacies of healthy health for lord.

The hot springs department is mainly amused area by the Lan sea area, Europe breeze area, eastern area, outdoor hot springs area and bathing to constitute.

Lan sea area

The spa hydrotherapy facilities of the area adoptions forerunner, the falling of x-rated stairs and 2.5 meters are bad, constituted the special structure and form that three springs fold sea.The jet here type water power massages a public baths, the strong dint sprays water afloat public baths, hurtle to shoot water power massage a public baths etc. meeting will you whole body of exhausted get rid of almost exhausted.

Reform means leap, opening up means prosperity and strength, bathing in thespring breeze of reform. In the twinkling of an eye, it has been more than 30years, and peoples living standards have undergone earth shaking changes.Shiyan, my hometown, has also changed miraculously.

In the past, my hometown was just a small village. The roads are full ofmud and potholes. My hometown is full of bungalows in my mind. There are only afew bungalows that I can see, and most of them are tile roofed houses. When itswindy and rainy, if its serious, the house will collapse, or even water willenter. The road in front of the house is cold and clear. There are no factories,no shops, let alone street lamps. A street is closed. In those days, owning abicycle has become peoples goal. The clothes people wore at that time were allpatched. There used to be a saying: new three years, old three years, sewing andmending for another three years. Even shoes are made by their own dexteroushands, including straw shoes, cloth shoes

In the wave of reform and opening up, Shiyan has become a small city.Prosperous and prosperous, beautiful and lovely. In the past, the low and shabbyold houses have long been replaced by new and unique high-rise buildings. Theold muddy road has disappeared. Wide expressways crisscross in all directions.On the smooth and wide asphalt road, vehicles shuttle and flow. On both sides ofthe road, people come and go. The former tile roofed house has now become aluxury residence. When you look around, you can see rows of brand-new high-risebuildings. The childrens paradise is full of joy, and the colorful fountain isdecorated like a fairyland. As long as you walk into a family at will, there areall kinds of household appliances, such as TV, refrigerator, air conditioner andtelephone. Many families also have mobile phones and private cars. Many familiesalso buy computers to browse, query information and engage in cultural andentertainment activities, which brings great convenience and endless fun topeoples life. Shopping malls and farmers markets are full of goods. Its a newlook and a new atmosphere every year!

Therefore, we must be a student with all-round development of morality,intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, so that our great motherland willalways stand in the forest of the world. I believe that with the diligence andwisdom of the people, my hometown will become more prosperous and peoples lifewill become richer.

Yangzhou dongguan street is located in yangzhou city, jiangsu province, is the most representative of yangzhou city is one of the historical street. It is east to the ancient canal, National Day road on the west, the total length of 1122 meters. Is not only the yangzhou dongguan street, before the amphibious transportation route, and is a business, handicraft industry and religious and cultural center. High street bustling street, merchants, the business is thriving. Lu chenhang lines, fresh fish, melon and fruit, bamboo line nearly hundred. Dongguan "old" businesses have opened on the street in 1817 four beautiful sauce and pickle shop, Xie Fuchun powders shop in 1830, 1862 Pan Guang and hardware stores, 1901, 1909 Chen Tongxing Xia Guangcheng tofu shop shoes shop, 1912 dried big prosperous ZhiDian, 1923 earthquake TaiChang powder, 1936 hong-xing zhang, 1938 qinfeng appreciating the pawn shop, 1940 seems fresh tea club association abundant south goods shop in 1941, 1945 LingDaXing appreciating shops, in 1946, the rich of the pawnshop, in addition to Zhou Guangxing hat shop, HengMao oil hemp shop, along the southern Thailand goods shop, hengtai auspicious color, Zhu Deji flour shop, etc.

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

The Great Wall is like a dragon, "leading"), is the shanhaiguanqinhuangdao. Qinhuangdao, because in 215 BC, the first emperor qin shihuang easttour of China at this point, and sent into the sea god named, is Chinas only acity named by the emperor epithets.

Qinhuangdao main tourist attractions: beidaihe scenic area, shanhaiguanancient city, yan lake, board factory has been the Great Wall, the gold coast,qinhuangdao Olympic sports center, soyama primeval forests, canyons, nandaiheinternational amusement center, qinhuangdao wildlife park LeDao Ocean Park, thenew Australian underwater world, the dove nest park, our caravan left changlicounty ecological agriculture sightseeing garden, fishing community beidaihescenic spot where putaogou, meng jiangnu temple.

Qinhuangdao climate type belongs to the warm temperate zone, is located inthe semi-humid zone, belongs to the temperate zone monsoon climate. Greatlyinfluenced by the ocean, climate is mild, dry little rain in spring, warm summerwithout heat, cool autumn more sunny, no cold winter long, suitable for tourism,summer.

Qinhuangdao bohai sea in the south, north depends on yanshan, huludao city,liaoning province in the east, west of tangshan, near Beijing and tianjin,located in the bohai economic circle center of the most potential fordevelopment, are the two major economic zones of the northeast and north China.Beidaihe, shanhaiguan qinhuangdao, haigang district, three districts and FuNing,changli, rulon, qinglong manchu autonomous county of the four counties.

Qinhuangdao is the only one for the emperor China master the name of thecity, a tang dynasty writer han yu, one of the eight people of tang and songdynasty.

Hello, my name is Lin, you can call me rain eu. I will take you to visit hangzhou west lake, please dont litter, keep your valuables, I wish you all a pleasant journey!

Before to the west lake, I believe many people have heard "above there is heaven, there are suzhou and hangzhou", this sentence. In fact, to compare hangzhou to heaven on earth, and the west lake has a lot to do. Hangzhou west lake scenery beautiful, let many poets. Bai juyis "failed to have to go to hangzhou, stay half is the lake". He proves this point. Please follow team, ready to witness of the hangzhou west lake!

Hangzhou west lake is located in the center of hangzhou, the song dynasty according to the west lake. The west lake, north and south 3.2 kilometers long, about 2.8 km wide, covers an area of about 5.68 square kilometers. The most distinctive is the "west lake ten scene". In which the foundation is located in the western end of bai causeway quietly elegant simplicity. Moons floor overlooking, feel the vast west lake, in the quiet state of mind of washing irritation, make person times feeling is king in neutral city, water wave in the scene, in the middle. Whatever stands in which Angle, see is a picture of a simple but elegant ink jiangnan landscape, pinghu moon looks more hopefully, shore will be, water is expected to building. The southern song dynasty Sun Rui poems have "cold cold spring condensate flow, vivit song where white water rafting" words; HongZhan progenitor of Ming dynasty also wrote in a poem: "autumn Ge peoples unique wave wrinkle, a castle in the town of dust in the mirror" etc are all praise pinghu the beauty of autumn. Pinghu harvest moon said to lake reflected the surrounding landscape, trees, played exceptionally quiet. Like a beautiful painting. Let we have to admire nature guifushengong, occasionally a boat, we couldnt help complained: "ship our painting cut!"

The west lake is a poem, a picture, a lovely girl. "Yi jiangnan, most have is hangzhou. Find out the laurel blossoms filled the air. Yamadera months, county kiosk pillow watching tide. When more revisit?" Bai juyis poem is to praise the song of the west lake. Dear visitors, pleasant west lake day trip is over, thank you for your cooperation to me. You have fun? Hope that the west lake in the mountains and rivers, the fond memories of you forever.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Chaohu, the beautiful "great garden of centralAnhui". Im Wang Bing, the tour guide of Anhui travel agency. Today Ill showyou the dreamlike world in pictures and the dreamlike water town. When I meetyou for the first time, how about reciting a poem to help you have fun?

Chaohu Lake is like an inkstone, with Gushan as its ink mill. Laoshan islike a sheeps brush, which is enough to write the green sky eight line script.What about? Is it domineering? Ha ha, dont be fooled by Xiao Wang. Thismagnificent seven character poem is not written by me. It comes from LiHongzhang, a famous person in Hefei. What is the beauty of his poetry? Lets goto the bottom together!

On the way to Chaohu, Id like to tell you a beautiful legend: we all knowthat Chaohu is named because it looks like a birds nest, but do you know theorigin of its other name "Jiaohu"? According to the records of Soushenji, Chaohuwas a state in ancient times. One year, there was a severe drought. Xiaobailongsecretly rained to eliminate the drought. He broke the heavenly rule and wasbeaten down. He met grandma Jiao to help him. In return for Jiaos help, XiaoBailong tells the emperor of heaven that he will sink into Chaohu Lake. WhenJiao gets the news, she runs around and tells the people of Chaohu Lake thatthey are saved. But Jiaos mother and daughter delayed their escape by tellingthe neighbors, and they were engulfed by the torrential flood. Later generationsadmired Jiaos noble character of sacrificing herself to save others, so theynamed the lake "Jiao Lake" and a mountain in the lake "Lao Mountain".

We look out of the window. Now the water area that comes into our eyes isChaohu Lake. As a matter of fact, Chaohu Lake is a faulted lake. As early asJurassic and Cretaceous, the strata around Chaohu Lake were faulted, whichhindered the water flow in the eastern Piedmont of Dabie Mountain in WesternChina and formed a vast water surface. After tens of millions of years ofcrustal movement and sediment deposition, about 15000 years ago, todays ChaohuLake was formed. It covers an area of more than 800 square kilometers, known as"eight hundred Li Lake sky", and is also one of the five largest freshwaterlakes in China.

Chaohu scenic spot is a national key scenic spot, mainly includingZhongmiao, Laoshan and Yinping mountain. Now when we get off the bus, we come toZhongmiao and Laoshan Scenic spots, which are the most concentrated andcharacteristic scenic spots. It is a tourist scenic spot integrating lake,mountain, island, tower, temple and temple. First of all, lets take a look atZhongmiao, which is named after its location between Hefei and Chaoxian. TheZhongmiao temple was first built in the Han Dynasty and has a history of morethan 20__ years. And its most brilliant time was "Jiuhua in the south, Zhongmiaoin the north", which was very popular. During the important festivals, thepilgrimage team reached dozens of miles. Lets have a look at the bluestonesteps under our feet. Thats the famous shibada. Only by passing it can we cometo the big temple of Zhongmiao. It is said that this place was originally aTaoist temple. At the beginning of the temple, what was worshiped was BixiaYuanjun, which is now the "Empress of the temple". By the Wei, Jin, southern andNorthern Dynasties, Buddhism began to prevail, Taoism gradually declined, so theoriginal Taoist temple gradually became a Buddhist temple.

Walking through the temple, you can see that there are three islands in thelake in the distance, and the biggest one is Laoshan, which is about 3000 metersaway from the temple. Although it is only 4000 meters around the island, thereare three mountains and nine peaks, with many historic sites. Among them, themost famous is the three antiques of Laoshan: ancient pagoda, ancient temple andancient boat pond. There is another story about the ancient pagoda: the ancientpagoda was built in the late Ming Dynasty, but it was not completed due to theoutbreak of the nongming uprising. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of theQing Dynasty, local gentry lobbied Li Hongzhang to say, "with the tip of LaoshanMountain, Luzhou came out first." Li Hongzhang was very happy to hear that, andordered to raise funds to build the pagoda and named it "Wenfeng pagoda".Standing on the Wenfeng tower, you can also see huazangjing temple, an ancienttemple of three ancient times in Zhanmu mountain. Huazangjing temple is anancient temple built in memory of jiaolao, goddess of Chaohu. It was first builtin the Jin Dynasty and rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty when Wenfeng pagoda wasbuilt. It was renamed "Chaohu Temple" and "SHENGFEI Temple". After seeing thesecond ancient of Laoshan, you must want to know the third ancient boat pond ofLaoshan. This ancient boat pond is the harbor surrounded by huge stones that hitone or two kilos. There are two harbors like this. Do you know why? Because ofthe southeast wind in the first half of the year and the northwest wind in thesecond half of the year, two boat ponds were built. It is the warship haven ofChaohu Navy.

Well, the good time is always short. After tasting the delicacy of "Chaohuthree treasures" silver fish, white shrimp and crab, our trip today is over. Ibelieve that in the near future, I can still lead you to visit Chaohu again andtaste three treasures!

Qingdao,a beautiful seaside city,is located in the southeast part of Shandong Province.To the east,a short distance across the Yellow Sea,lie Korea and Japan,making Qingdao an important city for international trade.

For thirty three years,up to 1949,Qingdao was a colony of Germany and Japan.Thus,Qingdao has a great deal of European architecture.This foreign architecture -a remnant of the colonial past- now beautifies this seaside city.

The red roofs,green trees,blue sea,and azure sky form a bright and colorful picture of Qingdao.The city is sometimes known as the Switzerland of the Orient.

Surrounded by the sea on three sides,Qingdao attracts many tourists with its charming seascape.Sights like the Eight Passes Villas,the Zhan Bridge,Wusi Square,Mt.Laoshan,will help you remember Qingdao.Just walking on the sand and listening to the surf breaking on the beach becomes enjoyable.

Qingdao offers food with distinctive flavors--especially seafood.So take this chance to enjoy the delicious seafood of Qingdao.Also,Qingdao is the home of the famous Qingdao (Tsingtao) Beer.Have a bottle of pure Qingdao Beer right here in Qingdao!

The Qingdao Municipal Government recognizes the importance of the tourism industry and has further plans to develop tourism in Qingdao.To enhance the tourism industry,Qingdao now sponsors the Qingdao International Beer Festival,the Qingdao International Sea Festival,Beach Culture Festival,the Sea Affection Festival,and the Summer of Qingdao Festival.

In cooperation with the Beijing Olympic Games 20xx,Qingdao will hold the Sailing Competition in the Olympic Games in 20xx.This great event brings a great opportunity for this charming city to build its bright future.

Qingdao and Korea

Since the first Korean companies began doing business in Qingdao in 1988,Korean people have lived here.Thousands of Korean people now live and work here,which makes Qingdao the city with the most Korea investment enterprises in China.And Qingdao also has the largest Korean population in China.With years of cultural exchange,they have established deep,close friendships and mutual trust with the native Chinese people.

Wulong fairy mountain national forest park is chongqing top ten tourist attractions, the national AAAAA level scenic area, land belongs to the wuling mountains, based in wulong county in chongqing wujiang river north shore. Of scenic fairy mountain national forest park a total area of 8910 hectares, an average elevation of 1900 meters, 2033 meters, the highest peak in the jiangnan unique charm of alpine grassland, austral rare beautiful snow, green quiet beautiful jungle BiYe landscape, known as the "eastern Switzerland".

She and magical furong cave, beautiful lotus river, the worlds largest natural arch geological wonders, classic refined winbond hotel (4 star) combination for chongqing best tourism holiday resort. The best travel time fairy mountain national forest park is located in chongqing wulong, the four seasons scenery each are not identical, have distinguishing feature each, the four seasons all appropriate travel.

Fairy mountain in winter is long, from November to February next year with XueQi. When the snow, be dressed in white, prairie lamb with skiing, snow, snow. Summer cool temperate in the mountains, average temperature in 18-20 oc, even in the hottest in July and August, the highest temperature is not more than 30 ℃, the summer scenery charming beautiful, climate is cool and refreshing shu shuang, the vast Lin hai, cool breeze blowing Buddha, cool and pleasant, is an excellent resort, leisure vacation, few so fairy mountain enjoys a fame as the "mountain city Summer Palace".

Tourism zone are mainly lionrock, fairy stone, hou home village, the nine axes, the red army of workers and peasants in sichuan province, beautiful scenery, the political department of the site of the first two guerrillas pasture resort, tent village, meat hot pot city hunter village, etc. With the jiangnan unique glamour of alpine grassland, austral rare beautiful snow, green quiet beautiful jungle BiYe landscape, known as the "Oriental Switzerland", fairy mountain Lin hai, mountain, meadow, the snow is referred to as the four unique visitors.

The Sky Pond of Changbai Mountain

The Sky Pond of Changbai Mountain, the largest crater lake, is the boundary lake between China and North Korea, as well as the source of Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. It is elliptical. Its height is 21.4k㎡, with the surface area of 9.82 square kilometers, surface perimeter 13.17 km. The depth is 373 meters, with an average water depth of 204 meters. The total storage capacity is 2.04 billion cubic meters. The average evaporation is 450 mm, average annual precipitation 1333 mm. The average annual temperature here is -7.3 degrees. it is a huge natural reservoir. In 20xx, it won the Guinness world record----the volcanic lake with the highest elevation.

跨过御河上的第五座桥，我们前面的这座圆形池塘叫“内明塘”，为一人工开掘的池塘，内明塘的建置为明代其它帝陵所没有的，仅显陵一孤例。它直径 33米，水深约 4 米。没有水源与外界相通，却大旱不干涸，大雨不外溢。水位始终保持在一固定的高度，这一现象自显陵始建至今近 500年均未变化。据专家考证，其塘底为铜铸锅底状，水位之所以能长期稳定，可能与锅沿暗藏排水系统与陵区的地下水系巧妙衔接有关，如此即保持了一个完整的水位平衡。大家所看到的内明塘和我们在进门前的外明塘，不仅是历代帝陵没有的，它还有一奇特功能，就是在白天塘中有太阳，晚上塘中有月亮，加上当时为建显陵，嘉靖皇帝钦定有“唯我皇考，若日月之照临，光于四方，显于西土”的字句，所以这内明塘、外明塘还有引日月进塘，让日月同辉的用意。另据传，进入宝城地宫的入口即藏在水下，你们相信吗?

绕过内明塘，我们现在来到的陵恩门，显陵分为内外两城，这陵恩门即是内城紫金城的正门，请大家注意看这大门两侧各有一堵墙，叫影壁。影壁在古建筑中主要起屏障和装饰作用，可以建在大门的前后方。也可建在大门两侧，建在大门两侧的主要为增添大门的气势，这陵恩门两侧的精美琉璃影壁是明代其它各帝陵所没有的!它为琉璃仿木形式。正面是琼花图案，据说琼花代表草木旺盛，国家繁华。背面为双龙图案，有藏龙卧虎之意。

请大家看这幅汉白玉浮雕，它叫云龙丹陛。据专家认定，这快丹陛在历代帝陵中实属罕见!除了慈禧太后的陵区中有凤在上的云龙丹陛外，其余均为龙在上、凤在下，而显陵这块却为龙凤并列，凤头在上、龙头在下很独特。为什么呢?因为嘉靖皇帝进京即位时才14岁，他巩固地位，自立体系，母亲给了他巨大的精神支持。所以嘉靖皇帝对他的母亲非常尊敬，他有今天的地位，他的母亲是功不可没的。这块云龙丹陛也正式反映了嘉靖皇帝对母亲的敬仰之情。

进入陵恩门，我们来到的是陵恩殿，也就是人们一般所称的大殿，主要是供奉嘉靖皇帝父母神位的地方，也是举行上陵、祭祀活动重要的场所。可惜的是，整个大殿毁于明末李自成农民起义军的军火，现在仅存石基，但我们能据此感觉到整个大殿的雄伟。据说修建大殿前，嘉靖皇帝下旨仿故宫金銮殿修建，这是殿堂内木柱的石基座，它直径竟达1.06米，两人合抱都不能交手，而这些梁柱及殿内其他木结构使用的均是来自四川、湖广一带深山密林中的珍贵树种金丝楠木，可以想象当时的大殿是多么的富丽堂皇啊!

在大殿的两侧各有配殿五间，这些配殿主要是在举行祭祀活动时供奉神牌、存放祭祀品及咒语念经的地方。

陵恩殿后面的这个门叫陵寝门，这陵寝门只供帝、后、妃们进入，其他王公大臣们是不得入内的，陵寝门后还有一道二柱门，大家看这两根很高大的石柱上刻有一只獬豸，虎视眈眈，守卫着陵寝。二柱门后面正中就是石五供，石五供是专供帝、后、妃们祭祀谒陵的供台，由一个香炉，两个烛台，两个花瓶组成，均由青白石雕琢而成，请大家看这石香炉的炉顶，雕刻着海波、云、龙面纹，非常精美。据说，这石香炉只有后来的皇帝谒陵时才能开启炉顶使用，显陵每年都要举行数次规模不等的祭祀活动，其中尤以清明、中元(7 月 15 日)和冬至为最盛，称三大祭。

各位贵宾，这座雄伟高大的城楼式建筑，叫方城明楼，上挂“显陵”两个大字，它是整个陵寝的标志性建筑，是专为供奉“圣号碑”而修建的。其实显陵原叫“献陵”，因当年兴王朱佑元四后溢号为“献”，其忘坟即称为“献陵”嘉靖三年三月，朱厚璁以武力平息大礼仪之争后，为他的父亲钦定陵号为“显陵”，“显陵显者，光也书泰，誓之词曰：唯我皇考，若日月之照临，光于四方，显于西土。”意思是他父亲德配天地，圣功显赫，应让普天之下都知道，并象日月一样永寸万年。由此可见朱厚璁为推尊私亲，实施“嘉靖新政”而费尽了心思。明楼木体结构于明末毁于李自成农民起义军兵火，仅存残垣断壁，现在的明楼是1990 年修复的。

我们现在来到的这个小院落，俗称哑巴院，这里四全陵神道的起点，也是终止点。这个小院看起来并没有什么奇特之处，实际上却隐藏着巨大的玄机：这座琉璃影壁表面上起着美化装饰作用，更重要的是它遮挡着地宫的入口。院内的神道下面是进入地宫的斜坡墓道，昔日帝后的棺椁就是从这个斜坡慢慢送入地宫的。我国历代封建帝王都实行厚葬，正所谓“厚葬以明孝”，死后还把大量珍奇异宝葬入地宫，因此帝王们最担心的就是陵寝被盗。能不能有效防止地宫被盗，这地宫入口的保密就显得至关重要，所以小院工程所用的工匠都是哑巴，他们白天休息，夜间施工，上下工的路上都蒙着眼睛，使他们不识路途，不知道这里的地点，完工后，把他们遣送到人烟稀少的边远地区居住，因这个院子是由哑巴修的，所以叫哑巴院。当然这只是传说，还有待专家的考证。

好，现在请大家随我一起参观显陵最具有特色，也是中外陵墓史上绝无仅有的奇观，那就是一陵两冢!何为一陵两冢?就是一座陵园内有两座墓冢。那么为什么其他陵墓无此现象而独显陵有呢?这还要从墓主前后身份变化说起：明正德14 年也就是 1519年，墓主朱佑元因病去世，当时他只是一个潘王，依封建礼制，他的陵墓即按潘王的规制建造，我们现在看到的这个前墓冢，既是当年兴献王朱佑元死后的坟墓。

1521年朱厚璁登基成了嘉靖皇帝之后，追封其父也就是朱佑元为“献皇帝”，并一度想将其父的陵寝迁往北京，与其他已故明皇帝葬在一起，这一想法遭到了大臣们的反对，因而未迁，嘉靖17 年( 1539年) 12 月，嘉靖皇帝的母亲章圣皇太后在北京病故。为了给母亲寻找“吉壤”，嘉靖帝于次年 2月南巡承天府(即钟祥市)，在拜谒了其父新献帝的陵墓后，他认为这是一片难得的风水宝地，便决定将其母亲的灵柩由京城送至钟祥显陵与父亲合葬。但经检查发现，显停放父棺椁的地宫已经进水，且较小。于是嘉靖便命工部在其父原有的墓冢后面重新修建一座新地宫以供放其父母的灵柩。这样就形成了由最初的单冢潘王坟经嘉靖帝在位几十年的不断扩建，变成一座规模宏大的前后双冢帝王陵。

我们现在看到的这座巨大的墓冢叫宝城，从空中看就像一个巨大的哑铃。前宝城是椭圆形，东西宽112 米，南北长 125米，就是最早停放新献王灵柩的地方(现供奉大量的随葬品)，而后宝城为正圆形，直径 110 米，下面的地宫中即停放嘉靖帝父母的棺椁。

我们现在停留的这个地方叫瑶台，它将前后两座宝城连接在一起。瑶台在神话传说中是神仙聚会的地方。而前后宝城以瑶台想连接寓意人的灵魂已进入仙境。两座宝城修建的时间相隔19年。在我过古代有个传统习俗，那就是人死了以后是不能见天日的。于是，新地宫建成后，在旧地宫与新地宫之间修建了一条通道，并筑成瑶台。当年嘉靖皇帝的父亲与母亲合葬时，其父亲朱佑元的棺椁就是从瑶台下的通道运到了新地宫。可以说，瑶台在显陵的地位是至关重要的。

显陵自修建至今已近 500 年了，期间经历数次劫难。其中最大上的一次即明代末年李自成农民起义。1643年冬，李自成大军攻陷承天府(即钟祥)，拆毁朱家的家庙，并欲挖掘显陵地宫。据说正准备开挖前地宫时，恰遇雷电交加。有迷信思想的李自成心有疑惧，未敢动土，便放火烧毁陵内所有木制结构的建筑作罢。如今科学探测证明显陵地宫保存完好，从未被盗过，这也从侧面反映了此地民风纯朴，相信将来的某一天，显陵地宫开启时定能引起全世界的注目。

显陵宝城的修筑凝聚当时先进的科学思想，请大家注意看在环形的宝城城墙上每隔一段距离都会有一个用汉白玉雕琢而成的龙头。龙头自颈部至龙嘴是相通的，所有龙头都是面朝宝城外侧。这就是显陵独特的排水系统。每逢下雨时，积聚的雨水通过龙头嘴的管道排出宝城外，以便环道干爽和减少坟冢的积水量。我们今天家里用的水龙头其叫法即源于此。除排水这一实用性外，威武凶悍的龙头也显示了皇权的至高无上，不可侵犯。同时，建造者们也是借此物之威力保卫亡灵。

各位贵宾，请随我一起登上方城明楼。

请大家看这块碑，它高 5 米，宽 1.2米，碑身字体“大明恭睿献皇帝之陵”为嘉靖皇帝亲笔书写。这块碑具有特殊意义，它是整个显陵的名片，对显陵申报世界文化遗产并最终获得通过起了重要的作用，大家看整个碑文的两边均遭到毁坏，唯有这块碑文完好，也无断裂，这不能不说是冥冥之中的天意啊!

让我们来感受一下显陵的恢宏与神奇吧!请大家放目远望，自新红门至陵寝的这条弯曲的龙鳞神道，恰似一条旱龙，龙尾三摆，龙颈三曲，煞是鲜活。新红门与旧红门不在一条中轴线上不正式显示出了龙尾摆动的生气吗?再看九曲河，穿插于旱龙左右尤如一条水龙蜿蜒潜行，与旱龙在内明塘外交汇，形成二龙戏珠之妙。而内明糖则依风水理论“龙气见风则散，遇水则止”。具有藏风聚气、界止龙气流失，象征明代山水永固之意。此水陆二龙的设计，使整个显陵倍具生机与活力!

请大家在看整个陵区的大环境：依据古代风水学“负阴抱阳”、“背山面水”的原则，在这广阔的区域内所有的山体、水系、林木植都被作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排，以陵区后部的松林山为祖山作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排建筑，九曲河弯延其间，前面的天子岗为屏山，构成了前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的完美风水格局，形成了人文景观和自然景观的高度和谐统一。显陵不愧为古代建筑与环境美学相结合的天然杰作!

显陵的修建，是中国封建时代对灵魂信仰的集中体现，凝聚着明代中后期的政治思想、道德观念和审美趣味。同时，这种动用国家力量建造的陵墓，也反映了当时的经济状况、科学技术水平和营造工艺水平，是中国丧葬艺术的最高表现形式和建筑典范。

各位贵宾，在你们参观完显陵后，是否也会像联合国世界遗产专家让 ·路易先生那样发出同样的赞叹呢?当然，依显陵之博大，孕藏的文化历史之丰富，是在这短短时间内无法全部了解清楚的，加之我才疏学浅，知识有限，很多地方讲解尚有欠缺。为此，我将加倍努力，争取掌握更多有关显陵的知识，届时，欢迎大家再次来显陵参观游览，我也将为大家再次来显陵参观游览，我也将为大家献上更加精彩的解说。

谢谢大家!祝各位旅途愉快!

Canglang district is located in the central and southern Chinas historical and cultural city of suzhou, suzhou Singapore industrial park in the east, west of suzhou high-tech industrial development zone, named after the deep in the song dynasty famous surging waves pavilion. Is the center of the education, culture, science, travel in suzhou, and suzhou citys oldest and one of the central city of the most abundant cultural accumulation.

Have "canglang pavilion of surging waves" is located in the south of three yuan fang, is the oldest in suzhou gardens, the beginning of five Surging waves pavilion generation of the son of the king of wu yue money Liu money yuan 璙 pool pavilion, a famous poet Su Shunqin by four guan money bought the garden waste, to build, alongside water pavilion, title "of surging waves", since the number of surging waves weng, and the surging wave pavilion ". Ouyang xiu was invited as the surging waves pavilion long poem, the poem to "cool breeze bright moon is priceless, its a pity that only sell forty thousand money" fude. Since then, the garden to people, "surging waves pavilion" reputation DaZhu. Now as the national key cultural relics protection unit. . The "master of the nets garden" is located in the city bridge south rich family head with lane. Beginning for the southern song dynasty official department assistant minister Shi Zhengzhi in chunxi years (1174-1189) built "rolls of hall", implement "fishing" Cain said. Because there is "siforrestwang lane" near, harmonic its sound YuYu implicit meaning, "master of the nets garden". As a national key cultural relics protection units. In suzhou "pan gate three scene" is "pan gate" in the southwest of the water gate, across the canal "wu gate bridge", in the flow of the shadow of the "temple tower of the", by doing a grand canal, the three links scene together, become the area of the ancient city of suzhou.

Canglang moderate and moist climate, abundant rainfall, all the year round, the four seasons all appropriate tourism, especially in the 4 - best in October. In the meantime, can appreciate TaoGongLiuLu natural scenery, but also taste the fresh peach, "biluochun", sugar, lotus root, such as seasonal specialties.

Suzhou dialect, which is also called wu, is famous in the history, the so-called "soft suchou dialect language". Canglang as a region of suzhou, dialect and Zhou Lin at pingkiang, gold Chang regions such as basically the same. In the suzhou zhijun, and districts have been detailed and not repeat. Only ranked below will Wu Yuzhong related characteristics. Suzhou dialect commonly known as "forever is mine." Suzhou people claim to be "suzhou gossip". Its biggest characteristic is "soft", it sounds "" delicious, so that some outsiders" willing with suzhou people scold "listen to very tasty" gossip "in suzhou.

北有故宫，南有木府，跨过清泉汩汩的流水小桥，突见一座木牌坊赫然立于土木瓦顶居民之间。跨进朱红色的木府大门，眼前豁然开朗，一片开阔的地面上巍然耸立着一座金碧辉煌的宫殿，汉白玉基座雕刻精美，那恢宏的气势，使人恍若置身于皇宫之内。纳西人说起木老爷来，就跟我们提到自己的老祖宗一样亲切。木老爷，从前就是这座浩大宅第的主人。简单一点说，五六百年前的木府，就是丽江古城中的紫禁城。

木土司的府第虽有王者气度，却一反中原王城居中为尊的传统，将府第建于城南一隅。而作为全城中心的则是商贾云集的四方街，纵横交错的街道从四方街这一商贸中心向四面八方辐射。从中可看出古城最初形成于乡村集市，最终也因商业贸易而繁荣,丽江牡丹园客栈。这与古城千百年来作为茶马古道重镇的历史密切相关。木土司的宫廷式建筑在明代已蔚为壮观，明代旅行家、地理学家徐霞客在他的《滇游日记》中就曾惊叹宫室之丽，拟于王者。明代时，古城居民就已达千余户，民居建筑颇具规模。徐霞客曾描述当时的丽江古城民房群落，瓦屋栉比，可见民居繁盛之景象。

Qinghai lake, the ancient called "west sea", also called "fresh water" or "fresh sea". The Tibetan language is called "wen bo", meaning "blue lake"; Noel of Mongolian call it "silo", namely "blue ocean". Earlier due to the qinghai lake area belongs to low grain races pasture, so also called the "sea of British hetian qiang," han dynasty has called it a "sea". From northern wei dynasty then changed its name to "qinghai". Qinghai lake is Chinas largest inland lake, is also Chinas largest salt water lake, an area of 4456 square kilometers, more than 360 kilometers around the circumference, more than twice of the famous lake tai. Lake something long and narrow north-south, slightly oval. At first glance, like a mast of poplar leaves. Qinghai lake, on average, about 19 meters deep, maximum depth of 28 meters, storage capacity of 105 billion cubic meters, the lake is 3260 meters above sea level, more than two dongyue Mount tai is higher. Due to the terrain, the climate here is very cool. Even the heat of summer, the average temperature also only 15 ℃ in the left, is an ideal summer resort of the summer.

Qinghai lake is Tibetan culture area, not only has the common features of Tibetan cultural district, with Tibetan culture area consists of folk customs, culture origin, at the same time also has its own unique characteristics of water culture, including the sea, lake has a long history of culture, as well as the kunlun culture and west culture is also to a certain extent, affects the cultural development of qinghai lake area, constitute the qinghai lake unique cultural atmosphere. These characteristic culture in national festival activities, to the Tibetan Peoples Daily life have been good retention and reflect.

Lake qinghai lake area of natural landscape are: mountain, qinghai lake, bird island, sea heart sand island, three stone, silurian sword; Lakeside landscape savanes mainly Riyue mountain, daotang river, small bayhood, cloth ha river, deal, hot springs, wrong, Xia Geer mountain, a lake and listen to the springs and gold silver beach grassland etc.

Lake qinghai humanities landscape are: qinghai lake is the southern silk road and Tang Fan ancient path, is the ancient regime of ethnic minority areas, whether in ancient traffic, or in the national culture in history have left patches. Old and full of mysterious religious temples, many historical sites and historical legends. Mainly include: kunlun culture, nourished legend, riyue mountain princess wencheng to Tibet history stories and legends, triangle city ruins - west county, FuYu city ruins, tongues paintings, longyan, carved stone, the sea sea, white temple, Buddha temple, shatou turks temple and just after the temple, the panchen aobao, lahm zhe temple, incense wood valley, jianggar era of xian BaShi city and home of bo, etc, there are retired the first nuclear weapons development base in China.

"Sea monster" in the native herdsmen surrounding been around for hundreds of years. Early years of the qing emperor qianlong in the implement of the new survey of the xining specific records said: "live animal husbandry in qinghai Mongolia, see the sea with objects, cow body leopard first, white, black, red green, MAO step wave wave, rapid as surprised magpie, nearshore see people, namely into the water, dont know why the beasts". Is eye step "sea monster" nomads, cult, niang offering sea, laid the cattle and sheep dishes that look, so Neptune apparition of the spread of going, rounds.

In recent decades, the information on qinghai lake "sea monster" from time to time. Hiding now as in 1947, but a man named qi sixty-three minority lama temple to worship through qinghai lake in Tibet with the division, falling moment in the sun, a five times than the colourful cow senior monster emerged, andthe swam to the shore, like a dragon, the first round Angle, eyes shining. In the spring of 1949, hala straight groove township village of huzhu county Ma Sanwa han Chinese farmers, for life has forced out gold, rest when have dinner in qinghai lake, the lake on a piece of black thick slide on the floating "log", zhang yu long, it was later slowly sliding out long neck "log", which has the head of the snake, scales sharply under the sunlight sort luster, go to the middle, suddenly vanished. In 1982, when there is a motorized boats on the lake, the ships people see not far ahead, is shaped like a fishing boat moving play wave ups and downs, is preparing to close observation, has went into the water. In 1987, a travel agency in qinghai, a Mr On condition of anonymity, the afternoon to the lake, suddenly discovered that rippling lake emitted a ErSanTou monster, the size of the cow back beige, thought it was a big fish, suddenly flung back like the monster Ostrich slender neck, triangular head, seems to have water spraying. He suddenly realized that this could be a plesiosaur, snapped a black-and-white photograph, to shoot the monsters have been submerged in the water, before and after about 20 or 30 seconds.

There are dozens of people have witnessed the lake monster, it is a mystery, scientists remains to be further studied. About the legend of qinghai lake "sea monster", to the qinghai lake covered with a layer of thick mysterious color.

天津英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the Chinese revolution will illuminate Tianjins past, present and future. Tianjin is honored as Building Museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new China, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! In the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the Jinmen Shijing (top ten scenic attractions in Tianjin).

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, the Huangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in Tianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass and Taiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three years repairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east to Wangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the Huangyaguan Water Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensive system of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes, emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arranged orderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, Beiji Temple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the first museum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly built within the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall, another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace and prosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at Guafu Tower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains for about 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are six watch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. The architectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square, round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall. Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of Qi Jiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue in order to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability in that period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yards out to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower, "Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during the construction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower to commemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels and measures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sides of the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is also famous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridge for over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying through clouds.

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Welcome to here, let me to introduce for everybody!

Wild goose pagoda is located in the southern suburbs within the temple, is the national famous ancient buildings, is regarded as the symbol of the ancient capital of xi an. It was said that tangs monk came back from the experiences of India (ancient tianzhu), specializing in translation and the scriptures. Because imitation Indian wild goose pagoda style of the wild goose pagoda. Since then in changan jianfu temple built a small wild goose pagoda, to distinguish, people are often given, jianfu temple tower called the small wild goose pagoda, has spread so far. Wild goose pagoda square plane, built on a party about 45 meters, about 5 meters high stylobate. Seven layers, the bottom side length of 25 meters, from the ground to the top of the tower is 64 meters high. The towers are built with bricks, ground brick for seam strong anomalies. Tower with stairs, can be upwards. Each layer all around a arch form, and can be trapped. Changan view panoramic view. The bottom of the tower is shek mun, have fine lines on the door mast carved Buddha, for big has write in tang dynasty. Within the recess on either side of the tower, the south gate brick, with one of the four famous calligrapher in b on the book of tang monk st preface to teach and the Assyrian monk holy teaching sequence, two pieces of stone tablets. War after tang dynasty, temple, the house burned down, only the wild goose pagoda stand alone.

Another story: the wild goose pagoda was built in the tang Gao Zongyong badge for three years, because of located within the temple, so The tower also known as temple. Temple is the tang dynasty twenty-two years (648) prince Li Zhi reading his mother queen wants to chase. Wild goose pagoda built in only five layer. Wu zetian was rebuilt, and later after numerous repairs. The tower is now seven layers, a total of 64 meters, square pyramid shaped. The tower for the blue brick flies in the build by laying bricks or stones becomes, the layers of wall column fang, bar and so on wood structure. Each layer all around has coupons masonry arch. This in the 2-foot-tall tower, modelling concise, magnificence, is a masterpiece of buddhist art in China. Wild goose pagoda, on both sides of the south gate to the inlaid with b, a famous calligrapher write two pieces of stone tablets of the tang dynasty. One is the preface to tang monk SAN teaching; Another piece is the emperor tang from the teaching sequence, the tang monk holy. A beautiful monument side creeping weed decorative pattern, design, modelling is vivid. These are the research in the tang dynasty calligraphy, painting, sculpture art important cultural relics. Big temple is the most famous and most HongLi Tang Changan city buddhist temple, it is built in the tang dynasty royal decree.

Longevity monk xuan zang, once conducted temple service here and get a tube of sutras translation field, founded Buddhism sect. He personally DuZao temple pagoda is. So big temple has a very prominent position in the history of Chinese doctrines, has been brought to the attention of the domestic and foreign.

Temple gate, the bell and drum tower confrontation. Bell and drum is a temple on the REINS, vulgar said the morning bell and evening drum reminders. The east tower in suspension in the Ming dynasty iron bell, weight thirty thousand jins, three meters. Students in tang dynasty, after the exceeded otherregions jinshi to jion tower under the title, "the wild goose pagoda" title ", after turned lineage. The tang dynasty painter wu daoxuan, wang wei has been for the temple murals, such as precious little already annihilation. But in the wild goose pagoda, stone of four door lintel, door frame, has kept the fine line in the tang dynasty. Westone lintel carved palace figure of the lines is particularly valuable.

The wild goose pagoda, a monks tomb tower group. Six of them are built in the qing dynasty. Ursa major palace is is the center of the temple buildings, there are three bodies like the Buddha, bodhisattva, and arhat clay sculpture. Is the chanting of course. Dharma is a lecture that place. Hall with amitabha Buddha statue.

Today CiSi temple is the scale since the Ming dynasty, the temple of the temple is the construction of the late qing dynasty. Now after repair of great wild goose pagoda, the majestic, ancient pagoda temple, the temple incense incense, garden flowers bloom, which is a special attract domestic and foreign tourists to visit.

Jingdezhen ceramics is famous all over the world, and it is the place ofofficial kilns in history.

During the period of the Republic of China, it was once known as the fourfamous towns in China together with Foshan in Guangdong, Hankou in Hubei andZhuxian in Henan.

The following is the Jingdezhen ancient kiln tour guide, welcome toreference! Jingdezhen ancient kiln tour guide 1 welcome to here! I am yourguide, my name is x, you can call me small X.

In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduce you.

The first stop to Jingdezhen is to see the ancient kiln.

The ancient kiln is the first ancient kiln in Jingdezhen. Its interior isvery large and complex.

Pottery can be made in ancient kilns.

The old disc is rotated, on which you can make bottles by hand, and then itis ready after 3 days of firing at 1600 degrees.

You can also draw all kinds of pictures on the pottery, and you can drawany pattern you like.

In order to attract tourists, bands are also arranged here to playporcelain musical instruments, including flute, bell, Qin, erhu, etc. the soundis crisp and pleasant, which is very beautiful.

Inside the exhibition is also worth seeing, although it is a replica, butit still makes people feel good-looking, the coolest is the 108 Water Margincharacters porcelain, just like the real one.

At the pottery bar, I touched the clay with my hand. It was cold andcomfortable.

I made one myself with the help of my master.

Its good to see my work.

Dear tourists, welcome to Jingdezhen ancient kiln factory. Im your guide __.

Now I will use my time on the road to tell you something aboutceramics.

As the saying goes: people take food as their heaven, and food needsutensils. It can be seen that ceramics are closely related to humancivilization.

We humans invented pottery as early as 5000 or 6000 years ago, andporcelain was developed on the basis of pottery.

Porcelain is more delicate than pottery.

Smooth.

Hard.

The firing temperature is also higher. Another point is that porcelain ismade from porcelain ore, while pottery is made from clay.

Another explanation of China is that porcelain is as famous as Chinaabroad.

And the most representative porcelain is in Jingdezhen, which is known asthe capital of porcelain. Even Jingdezhen is the origin of porcelain.

In ancient times, because Jingdezhen was located in the south of ChangjiangRiver, it was called Changnan town. Later, it was called Xinping town andFuliang town.

It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that Zhao Heng, Emperor Zhenzongof the Song Dynasty, decided that Zhongying celadon was imperial porcelainbecause he saw the place of origin of the celadon. Every batch of porcelain madeby the craftsmen was marked with "Jingde year system", so the imperial courtcalled the place of origin of this kind of porcelain "Jingdezhen".

The porcelain that Jingdezhen people are proud of is "blue and whiteporcelain, exquisite porcelain, pastel porcelain, colored glaze and thin bodyporcelain.

They are as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as loud as a chime, andas thin as paper.

Well, now we have come to fulonggang in the West urban area. This ancientbuilding, which is covered by trees, is the ancient kiln porcelain factory weare going to visit today. As far as I know, there is only one such porcelainfactory in the world.

Who knows why it is called "ancient kiln porcelain factory"? Because thisfactory uses the method of Jingdezhen Ming and Qing Dynasties to make porcelain.The porcelain making process, tools, workshops and kilns are ancient, and theproducts are mostly antique, so it is called.

Next, please follow me in.

Entering this blank room, you can see that the ancient porcelain makingworkshop is composed of four parts: the main room, the chamber, the mud room andthe inner courtyard. The main room and the chamber match in North and south, andthey are parallel. The mud room is located in the west, and the middle is arectangular inner courtyard.

Among them, the main body of the green house is the main room, facingsouth, with sufficient lighting. All the workshops for the production ofporcelain are completed here. The windlass is the main equipment for theproduction of porcelain, and the warehouse is the place for storing rawmaterials.

The mud room is filled with refined mud, and the inner courtyard is anatural dry place for porcelain. In the middle of the inner courtyard, there isa sun rack pond, which is the most important equipment in the ancient workshop,and it is very ingenious. Who knows its beauty? Its beauty is that the pool andsun pool make use of the space and reduce the land occupation.

Come and see this master. He is putting a ball of mud on the head of thepulley. His hands are touching each other. With the rotation of the wheel, therudiment of a bowl appears. This is "making billet, commonly known as drawingbillet".

Lets see here again. The master is concentrating on spinning, drawing thefirst batch to a certain extent, and then using a knife on the pulley car to cutit into the required batch, commonly known as "spinning" or "sharpening". Ofcourse, the technological process of the ancient kiln porcelain factory alsoincludes painting porcelain, glazing and entering the kiln. Look at thesemasters painting porcelain here. Lets see how long it takes to draw a bowl.Yes, it takes only 10 seconds, The bowl is full of colorful camellia.

Lets go this way. Lets take a look at the kiln house that turns theporcelain body into porcelain. Firing porcelain in the kiln house depends on thepractice of workers, strict labor combination and fine division of labor.

There is a technical director in the kiln, who is called "masterBozhuang".

When it comes to Ba, Master Zhuang cant talk about Tong Bin.

He was a famous master of bazhuang in Wanli period. He was highly skilled,upright and respected by kiln workers.

At that time, he was ordered to make the extra large blue and white dragonVAT. Tong Bin and the porcelain workers tried every means to make it, but itfailed many times. Seeing that the delivery date was approaching, it was hard todisobey the emperors orders. For the sake of the life of the porcelain workers,he jumped into a raging fire at the critical moment of the firing processagain.

Its strange to say that he really succeeded this time. People say that itwas because Tong Bin showed his spirit. Later, people named him "fenghuoxian".Its about the story of Master Zhuang - Tong Bin jumping in the kiln.

Master Ba Zhuang is the chief person in charge of the wood kiln firingprocess. He is responsible for all kinds of technical problems in the firingprocess. When the porcelain is ready to be cooked but not yet ripe, the time tostop firing is the most critical. If the firing time is too long, the porcelainwill burn yellow or even fall into the kiln. If the firing time is too short,the porcelain will not be cooked again. At this time, master Ba Zhuangs eyesare completely relied on.

Ladies and gentlemen, thats the end of todays tour. I hope I can guideyou later.

thank you!!

In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduce you.

Jingdezhen is a famous porcelain capital at home and abroad. Together withFoshan, Hankou and Zhuxian, it is also known as the four famous towns in China.It is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China and a class aopen city announced by the State Council.

It has jurisdiction over one city, one county and two districts, namelyLeping City, Fuliang County, Zhushan district and Changjiang District, coveringan area of 5256 square kilometers.

Jingdezhen is an important part of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone,and also an important national landscape ecological historical and culturalcity.

Jingdezhen has a high level of economic development, and has acceleratedits rise since 20__. It is estimated that by 20__, the per capita GDP willexceed US $10000, basically realizing modernization.

Jingdezhen has a long history of porcelain making, fine quality ofporcelain products and great influence on foreign countries. "Porcelain capital"has become the pronoun of Jingdezhen.

By 20__, Jingdezhen has won the title of Chinas excellent tourist city,National Ecological Garden City, national civilized and healthy city, andadvanced city of Jiangxi Province in building a civilized city. It not only madea zero breakthrough in such records in Jiangxi Province, but also became thefourth consecutive champion in such assessment in Jiangxi Province.

On September 26, 1985, the Eighth Peoples Congress of Jingdezhen city ofthe peoples Republic of China approved the selection of camphor tree asJingdezhen city tree and Camellia as Jingdezhen city flower.

The ancient kiln porcelain factory is the production area of ancientceramics, which vividly represents the whole process of Jingdezhen ancientceramic production technology.

Here are six ancient buildings, which are precious examples of ancientindustrial buildings in China.

Each group of embryo square is like a closed Sanhe courtyard or quadrangle,which is composed of three or four buildings open to the courtyard.

In the embryo room, the workers use the traditional hand-made porcelaintechnology to make the visitors marvel.

There is also a simple and tall Town kiln in the factory.

The kiln uses pine wood as fuel.

The kiln is 18 meters long. It is in the shape of goose egg, big in thefront and small in the back. A thin-walled chimney about 21 meters high is builtat the tail.

This is the result of the ancient architectural craftsmans skillful use ofthe center of gravity and curved shape of curved wood to erect and erect beams.It can be said that it has unique ingenuity and is also a great spectacle in thehistory of Chinese architecture.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to my beautiful hometown Tianjin. Im your guidetoday. My name is Chen. You can call me Xiao Chen. This is the drivers doorman.On behalf of Tianjin Jinlong travel agency, I would like to welcome you all.Its a great honor to be here with you. I also hope we can have a good timetogether today. Today we are going to visit Tianjin ancient culture street.

When it comes to Tianjin, if you want to taste tianjin flavor, folk flavorand cultural flavor here, the best place to go is the ancient culture street, a5A tourist attraction in Tianjin. Located in gongnangong North Street, NankaiDistrict, it is the gathering place of Tianjin water transport culture, folkculture and Haihe culture. As early as 1420__, before the establishment ofTianjin, this place gradually developed and flourished. Today, we can enjoy thenewly renovated folk Hutong tongqingli, the 620__ year old Taoist Holy LandYuhuangge, Tianyan square, Tianhou Palace Square, Tianhou Palace Square, Tianhoupalace built in 1320__, and the folk custom museum showing Tianjins 100 yearold folk customs. Now we have reached our destination. Please get out of the carcarefully.

First of all, here we see a very beautiful ancient archway. There are fourwords on it: Gushang art garden. The word "Gushang" is the old name of Tianjin.The word "Yiyuan" means the birthplace of culture. In other words, this is theearliest birthplace of Tianjin culture. There are two words on the back of thisarchway. Lets have a look here. Here you can see two words, jinao. The meaningof gold is precious, while Ao comes from the allusion of carp leaping over thedragons gate. It is said that the carp crossing the dragons gate will bereborn and become the Ao, which is the embodiment of the dragon. It is said thatJinao is located in Haihe River in Tianjin. That is to say, we will be protectedby jinao after passing by. After seeing the archway, we still have some coppermoney under our feet. Whats the point of these copper coins? There are twelvecopper coins in all. It marks the heyday of China from Tang Dynasty to QingDynasty. The farthest one is Kaiyuan Tongbao. It represents the age of Kaiyuan,and the big ones under our feet represent the age of unification, and QianlongTongbao symbolizes the age of Qing Dynasty. This means that after we walkthrough this street, we will have a lot of good intentions to bless you. Thereis also the hope that our motherland will become prosperous and strong from nowon.

Enter the ancient culture street, I believe you must be attracted by itsantique. Among them, the most eye-catching one is the brilliant colors andmeticulous painting by painters. These are all hand drawn by famous craftsmen.There are more than 800 such paintings in the whole street, including more than300 plots. The west side is painted with four ancient Chinese Masterpieces,while the east side is painted with legends from the Han Dynasty to the QingDynasty.

Unconsciously, we came to the first stop, tongqingli. Here is the lanebetween two high walls. It was built in 1920__, that is, in the second year ofthe Republic of China. It is a typical Jinwei building and the largest complexof Chinese and Western architecture in Tianjin. Here we walk into the gate andsee four murals on the wall. They show the market culture of Tianjin. The two onthe right are civilized weddings, witty words, and the two on the left aredragon boat and stilts. On this side of the Hutong, you can see two largemurals. One is the picture of Lu River in Tianjin on this side, which shows theprosperous sea scene of Tianjin at Sancha estuary. On the other side, there is amural, which is the young willow painting of that year - huangdamen. Itdescribes the customs of Tianjin people to celebrate the lunar new year. So far,we still have such a doggerel: 23, tanggua sticky, 24, sweep the house, 25,paste the window, 26, stew big meat, 27, kill rooster, 28, BA mianfa, 29, pasteDiaoyou, make a night on New Years Eve.

Out of tongqingli, please follow me. This way, please. Lets take a look atthe Jade Emperor Pavilion, which has a history of 620__ years. Yuhuangge wasfirst built in the Tang Dynasty and the first year of Hongwu in the MingDynasty. But there is no way to verify the two statements. According tohistorical records, the farthest date is the second year of Xuande in MingDynasty. Now you can see the building in the second year of Xuande in MingDynasty. In fact, Yuhuangge was originally a complex of buildings, but due tothe age and frequent wars, these buildings no longer exist. Only the originalQingxu Pavilion remains. The whole loft is divided into upper and lower floors,with double eaves. On the first floor of the hall, there is a bronze statue ofthe Jade Emperor. On the second floor, there are four pieces of "Qianqiu belt"recording the repair process and age. At the same time, there are well preservedcolored paintings of the Ming Dynasty. These are still visible and colorful.

After seeing Yuhuangge, we will go to Tianyan square. Tianyan square isnamed for its proximity to the living place of Mr. Yan Fu, a famous modernChinese translator. It is here that the world-famous Tianyan Lun istranslated.

All right, lets move on. Now we come to the Tin Hau Palace Square. He gothis name from Tian Hou palace. The queen of heaven and Mazu are the same personhere. There is a custom of believing in Mazu along the coast of Fujian andZhejiang, but the worship of Mazu by Tianjin people is little known. In fact,the Mazu temple in Tianjin is one of the three largest Mazu temples in theworld. It is as famous as the Mazu temple in Meizhou, Fujian and Chaotian Palacein Beigang, Chinese Taiwan. As the Haihe River connected to the Bohai Sea, thesanchahekou wharf was a big Wharf at that time, so every ship that went to seaboarded from here. Therefore, Mazu temple was built here. People who travel faraway worship Mazu and pray for Mazus protection before sailing out to sea. Itmust be strange that in ancient China, temples, palaces, Yamen and so on usuallyface south from the north, while this queens palace faces east from the West.Because we have to face the Haihe River, which leads to the Bohai Sea. To facethe Haihe River is to face the sea, so that the believers can worship Mazu onthe Haihe River when they are not convenient to get off the ship. Later, thesquare evolved into the place for Mazus birthday and Emperors meeting everyyear. The two high flagpoles initially served as lighthouses, and the high redlights could guide ships on the Haihe River. Later, on Mazus birthday and thefirst emperors meeting, 24 red lanterns were hung on each of the two banners,which meant that people who went to sea could return safely as soon as possible.The original purpose of the opposite theater building was to thank Mazu for herprotection. It is also the earliest theater performance venue in Tianjin. Afterthe recent renovation, he restored the function and effect of the stage. Everynew years celebration, famous actors and artists would come here toperform.

Now lets walk into the queen of heaven palace to learn about the contentand situation. After entering the mountain gate, we can see the drum tower onour left and the bell tower on our hand, which means that the bell and drum aresinging together and the world is peaceful. And in front of you see the "threeTianjin blessing Lord", for its front hall. It is dedicated to Wang Lingguan,the spirit protector of the sea god. Among them, there are four great vajras:Jiashan, Jiale, Qianliyan and shunfenger. After seeing this, lets go into themain hall and have a look at the situation there. Tianhou palace was built inthe third year of Taiping in Yuan Dynasty. It is the best preserved building ofYuan Dynasty in our city so far. Now we are in her main hall. In the process ofprotecting the country and Baoning, Mazu, the sea god, was worshipped. Mazu,formerly known as Lin Mo, is a native of Meizhou Island in Fujian Province. Shewas born miraculous, can take water, can cross the sea by seat, and rescued someships at sea. At the age of 27, he emerged and ascended to heaven. Later, he waspraised as the God of the sea by the local people. We can take a brief look atit.

The gentle wind blows. Wandering in the meantime, the heart is happy. Infact, shopping in cultural street is not for shopping. Even this refreshingfeeling will make people relaxed and happy. Here, in addition to the antiquebuildings imitating the Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, there are also his shopsand hutongs. When it comes to shops, we can see that there are many traditionalhandicrafts in Tianjin, such as Yangliu youth painting and clay figurine ZhangCaisu. In addition, there are countless jade shops, antique shops, stone andjade shops and clothing shops in the whole street, so that tourists can get whatthey need and enjoy the pleasure of returning home with a full load.

Before we knew it, we had come to the end of the street. You can see thatthere is also a corresponding archway with two words on it: Sunny snow. It comesfrom the verses of the Ming Dynasty poet Li Dongyang Zhigu Bajing. Yongmen clearsnow into jinao. The meaning of "snow has joy" is exactly the scene of earlyclear after snow and full of tourists. That is to say, in the clear sky,visitors with a pure heart are here to worship Mazu and jade emperor. Pray fortheir future life, the more smoothly they will cross the border. On the back ofQingxue there are four words: hometown of Jinmen. Jinmen is the meaning ofTianjin, and hometown is the old place. In other words, this is the earliestbirthplace of Tianjin.

Today, we have passed the 680 meter long ancient culture street to show youthe authentic folk customs and national characteristics of Tianjin. This is theend of our journey. In the course of these days, I have built a deep friendshipwith you unconsciously. Thank you very much for your support for Xiao Chenswork. I hope you will have the opportunity to visit Tianjin again. Here, I wishyou a good journey and a happy family. thank you.

颐和园英文导游词1000字

Hello, welcome you to Beijing Summer Palace! My horse is, today I have for you is to explain Beijing Summer Palace! Please note: please dont littering, dont spit, protect the environment, with good team! Now lets go! Hope I can let you remember the interpretation of the good time, I wish you have a lot of fun!

The earliest dynasties era in the emperor had started to build in Beijing imperial garden. In todays longevity hill kunming lake area will be built here, jinshan kingsoft, called JinShanBo. To this, there was renamed aung, aung tabor. And early Ming is renamed lake and built the temple, named static good mountain park. At sixteen, wanli is also is in here has 1588 landscape scale, enjoy certain green line li, like the white jiangnan ode. But let there really become a royal garden of the qing dynasty is. In the emperor kangxi years was built in the emperor qianlong palace, came to fourteen years, namely 1749 - jehoaddan in 1764 built on the basis of the original qingyi park, lake, mountain, kunming lake, the lake is called mountain called longevity hill. And here also became famous gardens. And most of the imperial palace in ancient China, here also cant escape the invaders in 1860, be spoiled by the anglo-french allied forces and destroyed.

After some years, the empredowager cixi embezzled funds for the navy, and under the emperor guangxu reconstruction has renamed the Summer Palace here. But in 1900, the Summer Palace again by the anglo-french allied forces (Russia), meaning the serious destruction. Since then the rebuilt in here, so, because of the financial HouShan parts are not long. In 1912, QingShi according to the conditions, the Summer Palace is still in Hudson emperor puyi hands. After two years, and there was a his private property, but because once open transportation fares expensive, no one came. In 1924, after the Summer Palace, pu excommunicated beiyang government will formally to opening to the park. December 1948, the peoples government, after accepting here after comprehensive governance, still holding the royal garden style. And it also became the world, architecture, landscape on the best-preserved imperial gardens.

We will see the total covers an area of 290 hectares, including land quarter, water reached three-fourths. According to the royal garden, the garden USES and can be divided into political scenic area, the Summer Palace built residential and the scenic area three parts.

We came to visit the eastern will formally began.

In the east gate, there is a han xu yan xiu Yan, the archway. The meaning of han xu is open, beautiful scenery, all-encompassing. Yan xiu is capture the beautiful scenery. But as the main palace also. On the door of the property of the Summer Palace is the emperor guangxu board of calligraphy. Yi and two words are taken, the remaining calm mood.

Everybody is good! Welcome my visit guilins mountains and water, and Im the tour guide Chen, if I have the insufficient place, then please advice!

Next, we need to see is the lijiang river, li river is a very important place in guilin, if you must go to the lijiang river in guilin. Good, we now look here, the lijiang river water has three characteristics, one is static, one is clear, one is green, the lijiang river water should be quiet let you dont feel it in the flow, can see the sand and a recently, had unexpectedly green as if it was a piece of flawless jade, my friends, maybe you have seen a spectacular sea, pet level as a mirror of the west lake, but they cannot compare with the lijiang river!

Finished watching the water, we should see the mountain. There are three characteristics in the hills of guilin, is odd, show, risk, why? Grids, each are not linked, as the old man, like a huge elephant, like a camel. Why show? Like the green barrier, like the new shoots. Why risk? Dangerous peak stand out, jagged, as if a carelessly will fall down.

What beautiful guilin! Welcome you come again next time!

英文的导游词范文

英文导游词范文——陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

the great mosque at huajue lane

the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.

islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d. and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.

however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.

among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.

the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.

according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.

the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.

the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

英文导游词范文——陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum

emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had annexed the six rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.

in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.

after he had annexed the other six states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.”

emperor qin shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been excavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.

no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of xiyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.

no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.

no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of hexi corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by xiang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.

the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.

thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were exquisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.

in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.

the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.

no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.