明显陵英文导游词【20篇】

我们现在来到的这个小院落，俗称哑巴院，这里四全陵神道的起点，也是终止点。这个小院看起来并没有什么奇特之处，实际上却隐藏着巨大的玄机：这座琉璃影壁表面上起着美化装饰作用，更重要的是它遮挡着地宫的入口。院内的神道下面是进入地宫的斜坡墓道，昔日帝后的棺椁就是从这个斜坡慢慢送入地宫的。我国历代封建帝王都实行厚葬，正所谓“厚葬以明孝”，死后还把大量珍奇异宝葬入地宫，因此帝王们最担心的就是陵寝被盗。能不能有效防止地宫被盗，这地宫入口的保密就显得至关重要，所以小院工程所用的工匠都是哑巴，他们白天休息，夜间施工，上下工的路上都蒙着眼睛，使他们不识路途，不知道这里的地点，完工后，把他们遣送到人烟稀少的边远地区居住，因这个院子是由哑巴修的，所以叫哑巴院。当然这只是传说，还有待专家的考证。

好，现在请大家随我一起参观显陵最具有特色，也是中外陵墓史上绝无仅有的奇观，那就是一陵两冢!何为一陵两冢?就是一座陵园内有两座墓冢。那么为什么其他陵墓无此现象而独显陵有呢?这还要从墓主前后身份变化说起：明正德14 年也就是 1519年，墓主朱佑元因病去世，当时他只是一个潘王，依封建礼制，他的陵墓即按潘王的规制建造，我们现在看到的这个前墓冢，既是当年兴献王朱佑元死后的坟墓。

1521年朱厚璁登基成了嘉靖皇帝之后，追封其父也就是朱佑元为“献皇帝”，并一度想将其父的陵寝迁往北京，与其他已故明皇帝葬在一起，这一想法遭到了大臣们的反对，因而未迁，嘉靖17 年( 1539年) 12 月，嘉靖皇帝的母亲章圣皇太后在北京病故。为了给母亲寻找“吉壤”，嘉靖帝于次年 2月南巡承天府(即钟祥市)，在拜谒了其父新献帝的陵墓后，他认为这是一片难得的风水宝地，便决定将其母亲的灵柩由京城送至钟祥显陵与父亲合葬。但经检查发现，显停放父棺椁的地宫已经进水，且较小。于是嘉靖便命工部在其父原有的墓冢后面重新修建一座新地宫以供放其父母的灵柩。这样就形成了由最初的单冢潘王坟经嘉靖帝在位几十年的不断扩建，变成一座规模宏大的前后双冢帝王陵。

我们现在看到的这座巨大的墓冢叫宝城，从空中看就像一个巨大的哑铃。前宝城是椭圆形，东西宽112 米，南北长 125米，就是最早停放新献王灵柩的地方(现供奉大量的随葬品)，而后宝城为正圆形，直径 110 米，下面的地宫中即停放嘉靖帝父母的棺椁。

我们现在停留的这个地方叫瑶台，它将前后两座宝城连接在一起。瑶台在神话传说中是神仙聚会的地方。而前后宝城以瑶台想连接寓意人的灵魂已进入仙境。两座宝城修建的时间相隔19年。在我过古代有个传统习俗，那就是人死了以后是不能见天日的。于是，新地宫建成后，在旧地宫与新地宫之间修建了一条通道，并筑成瑶台。当年嘉靖皇帝的父亲与母亲合葬时，其父亲朱佑元的棺椁就是从瑶台下的通道运到了新地宫。可以说，瑶台在显陵的地位是至关重要的。

显陵自修建至今已近 500 年了，期间经历数次劫难。其中最大上的一次即明代末年李自成农民起义。1643年冬，李自成大军攻陷承天府(即钟祥)，拆毁朱家的家庙，并欲挖掘显陵地宫。据说正准备开挖前地宫时，恰遇雷电交加。有迷信思想的李自成心有疑惧，未敢动土，便放火烧毁陵内所有木制结构的建筑作罢。如今科学探测证明显陵地宫保存完好，从未被盗过，这也从侧面反映了此地民风纯朴，相信将来的某一天，显陵地宫开启时定能引起全世界的注目。

显陵宝城的修筑凝聚当时先进的科学思想，请大家注意看在环形的宝城城墙上每隔一段距离都会有一个用汉白玉雕琢而成的龙头。龙头自颈部至龙嘴是相通的，所有龙头都是面朝宝城外侧。这就是显陵独特的排水系统。每逢下雨时，积聚的雨水通过龙头嘴的管道排出宝城外，以便环道干爽和减少坟冢的积水量。我们今天家里用的水龙头其叫法即源于此。除排水这一实用性外，威武凶悍的龙头也显示了皇权的至高无上，不可侵犯。同时，建造者们也是借此物之威力保卫亡灵。

Ladies and gentlemen

Now we come to Famen Temple, which is known as "the ancestor of GuanzhongPagoda Temple"

This is the gate square of Famen temple cultural scenic spot. It is locatedin Famen Town, 10 kilometers north of Fufeng County, 120 kilometers east ofXian city and 96 kilometers west of Baoji City.

In recent years, the Shaanxi government has devoted itself to buildingFamen Temple into a veritable Buddha capital of the world, making it the "secondcultural symbol of Shaanxi" after the terracotta warriors and horses. The Famentemple cultural scenic spot is composed of Shanmen square, Foguang Avenue, FamenTemple, Heshi relic tower, numerous artistic Buddha statues and gardensculptures. It comprehensively displays the achievements of Buddhist culture inphilosophy, politics and art, and highlights the splendid history and culture ofthe Chinese nation. Now in front of us is the Mountain Gate of Famen Temple,which is also known as the "three gates". You can see this

The three doors are big in the middle and small on both sides. The emptydoor is in the middle, and the Wuzuo door and Wuxiang door are on both sides. Wegenerally refer to becoming a monk as stepping into the empty door, probablyfrom this.

Famen Temple is famous for its placement of Sakyamunis Buddha finger relicsince ancient times

The gate temple is also built because of the relic and becomes a templebecause of the pagoda. In 485 BC, Sakyamuni Miedu, King Ashoka of the PeacockDynasty of Indias mogatuo state unified India. In order to promote Buddhism, heordered people to divide the Buddha bones into 84000 parts, which were stored invarious parts of the world, and built 84000 sitting towers. In China, there are19 Buddha finger relic towers, the fifth of which is Famen Temple envoy. It hasa history of more than 1700 years. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was calledasokang temple. In the Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Chengbao temple. In the TangDynasty, Li Yuan was renamed Famen Temple. During the 200 years of the TangDynasty, eight emperors successively opened the Underground Palace seven times,welcomed and sent off the Buddhas finger relic six times. Each time theywelcomed and sent off the Buddhas finger relic, they made a great impact on thegovernment and the public, and the emperor worshiped them. There was no otheremperor of high rank. During the reign of emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty, thepagoda of Famen Temple was regarded as the "real body pagoda" to protect thecountry. This shows how prosperous Famen Temple was in the Tang Dynasty. Butafter the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Famen Temple gradually declined.

During the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty, after hundreds of years ofhistory, the four level wooden tower of the Tang Dynasty collapsed. Later, localgentlemen donated money to repair the tower. After 30 years, a 13 level bricktower with eight edges was built. However, in the Qing Dynasty, it was tiltedand cracked because of the earthquake. In 1939, under the leadership of Mr. Zhuziqiao, a patriot, the largest repair was completed in the late Ming Dynasty.But in 1981, the tower collapsed in half. In 1985, the local government preparedto rebuild it. In 1987, the underground palace was discovered by accident whileclearing the foundation of the tower. After the silence of 1113 years, 2999pieces of national treasures of the Tang Dynasty, surrounded by Buddhas realfinger bones, returned to the world. The rare treasures unearthed in theunderground palace are of great value in the study of Chinese social andpolitical history, cultural history, science and technology history, Chinese andforeign exchange history, art history and other aspects. Now lets go to theunderground palace to see the Buddha finger relic. The underground palace ofFamen Temple is the oldest, largest and highest level pagoda underground palacein the world. The Buddha finger relic unearthed from the underground palace isthe real body relic of Sakyamuni Buddha, which has been found in the world andconfirmed by documents and inscriptions. It is the highest sacred object in theBuddhist world. There are four Buddha finger relic, of which the third one isspirit bone, and the other three are shadow bone. Spirit bone is Sakyamunisreal Buddha finger, and the other three are imitated by Tang emperor in order toprotect spirit bone. Among more than 27000 coins unearthed from the undergroundpalace, 13 tortoiseshell Kaiyuan Tongbao coins are the earliest and uniquetortoiseshell coins found in the world. The 13 pieces of palace secret colorporcelain unearthed from the underground palace are the earliest in the worldand confirmed by inscriptions. Secret color porcelain is a kind of celadon,which is specially made for the royal family. Due to its complex process andsecret formula, it is called secret color porcelain. The double wheel 12 ringsunearthed from the underground palace

The big stick is the earliest, the largest, the highest grade and the mostexquisite Buddhist weapon found in the world. Then, some of the rare treasures Ijust mentioned have been looked at by you just now, and others are treasured inthe Famen Temple Museum nearby. Lets go and have a look.

Coming out of the underground palace, in front of it is the Hexi relictower of Famen Temple. It took three years to build. The tower is 148 metershigh. You can see that the shape of the tower is like the hands of Hexi. Doesthe hollow out part in the middle look like a traditional tower of the TangDynasty? The broad road we just walked is the Foguang Avenue. With a totallength of 1230 meters, a width of 108 meters and an area of about 140000 squaremeters, Foguang Avenue is not only a way to become a Buddha, but also the mainlandscape axis of the scenic spot. The two ends of Foguang Avenue are connectedwith Shanmen square and pilgrimage square, which can accommodate 100000 people.We compare the mountain gate to this shore, which is the present world. Theavenue of Buddhas light leads all living beings to the other shore, which meansthe ten stupas.

Now we come to the Famen Temple Museum, which consists of four exhibitionrooms: the historical exhibition of Famen Temple, the Buddhist cultureexhibition of Famen Temple, the mandala culture exhibition of Famen Temple andthe treasure exhibition of Famen Temple.

The historical display tube of Famen Temple mainly shows people thehistorical cause of the construction of Famen Temple and the historical objectsof the construction of Famen Temple in various historical dynasties

There are 44 national treasure level cultural relics and 99 first-classcultural relics in the Famen Temple Museum of Tang Dynasty treasures. It is thelargest proportion of Chinas treasure level cultural relics among the 88museums in Shaanxi Province. You can see the secret color porcelain I justmentioned here, and you can also see the treasures of Tang Dynasty silkproducts: gold cluster embroidery, which refers to the pattern of flowers formedby gold silk plate fixed to silk The top of the silk. Silk is not easy topreserve, many of them are weathered. The first thing that makes gold clusterembroidery valuable is that it is as well preserved as new. The second thing isits production technology. Now there are 20 gold threads in Japan and 70 inChina, but in the ancient Tang Dynasty, this drawing technology has reached6.

Next, lets visit the treasure Pavilion. One of them is the king of thefour drums and twelve rings. The so-called staff, in fact, is not made of tin,but when you shake it, it will make a sound. This staff is made of 2 taels ofgold and 58 taels of silver, which represents the highest mana in Buddhism.

Well, out of the treasure Pavilion, our trip to Famen Temple is coming toan end. I hope my explanation will leave you a good memory.

Wulingyuan unique quartz sand were Lin are rare at home and abroad, known as the "mountain three thousand," said. In the 217.2 square kilometers of the core scenic area, there are 3103 quartz sandstone peak, peak particle distribution in 500-1100 meters above sea level, by the dozens of meters to 400 meters high. Hoodoo modelling if a person, if god, if if if if fairy, birds, beasts, and change a lot, the abrupt peak cliff stone, croplands. Every time after a storm comes a calm or wet weather, the valleys of mist between mountainous, sea of clouds when strong light, stone mountain is like concealed, scene fluctuates myriad.

Wulingyuan turn water around the mountain, known as the "xiushui eight hundred," said. Numerous waterfalls, springs, lake, stream, pool, each in its better. Huangshi is a more than 10 kilometers long streams, from zhangjiajie has been able to walk to SuoXiYu along the creek, on both sides of the hoodoo standoff, reflecting creek, speck.

Wulingyuan karst cave number, large scale, extremely rich characteristics. Has proven the size of the karst cave 40, one of the most famous is the huanglong cave, total length of 7.5 kilometers, the hole is divided into four layers, and landscape strange, is the epitome of karst landscape in southeast Asia.

Wulingyuan is rare geological relic landscape. Contained sandstone hoodoo, guide the original, overpasses, shek mun, karst valleys and karst caves, sedimentary structure, stratigraphic section, the fossil record and other colorful geological relics. The various and changeable landscape, package deposit is hardly disturbed the original natural state of ecological environment and ecological system. So from the perspective of scientific evaluation and aesthetic point of view, also zhangjiajie sandstone landform and stone forest landform, danxia landform and compared to the Denver landform, the landscape and characteristic, is one of the world is very special and precious geological relic landscape.

Wulingyuan have abundant plant resources. Within the territory of forest coverage rate reached 74.75%, and holds two primitive forest, for our country important ancient relic biological growth areas. There are more than 3000 kinds of higher plants, the first listed in the national key protection of rare and endangered seed plants such as dovetree 35. In numerous plants, Wu Lingsongs most widely distributed, the largest number, form the most, there are "wulingyuan in three thousand peak, peak loose" of reputation.

Wulingyuan is precious rare wild animals. After investigation, a total of 50 families and 116 domestic terrestrial vertebrates, including the level of protection in the national key protected animals list "three kinds of animals, the secondary has 10 types. Wulingyuan in the animal world, the more is the macaques, according to preliminary observation for more than 300 only. The locals called "giant salamander" salamander, dot the gulley, springs and deep pools.

Wulingyuan has colorful meteorological landscape. Wulingyuan spring, summer, autumn, winter, cloudy and clear, the sunset, prosperous one. Cloud is the wulingyuan meteorological wonders, clouds, sea of clouds, yuntao, cloud and cloud waterfall five kinds of forms. ChuJi after the rain, fog, first the fat oboro then into the white clouds, mist, ups and downs peaks in the boundless sea of clouds, such as which, Joan brainpower-computer floor, in which, the adrenaline, sometimes clouds rise reached a climax, and then to blanket, FeiGun droped, into a cloud organ, spectacular.

, rich tourism resources of zhangjiajie wulingyuan, the development of the tourism industry has created favorable conditions. The CPC central committee and the state council and hunan provincial party committee, the provincial government of wulingyuan, zhangjiajie tourism economic development have high hopes. Comrade jiang zemin in March 1995 when visit zhangjiajie handwriting phrase: "building zhangjiajie into domestic and foreign well-known tourist destination", pointed out the direction for the development of zhangjiajie. Hunan provincial party committee, the provincial government as the hunan zhangjiajie tourism leading training support, to speed up cultivating growing tourism a pillar industry in the province. Provincial party secretary zhang on the international and domestic tourism development overall situation, put forward the "building an international tourism city", "the zhangjiajie tourism products into world", these are for the tourism development of zhangjiajie wulingyuan, provides a good opportunity.

First of all, we came to the "human penglai", it is located in penglai pavilion at the entrance of scenic spot, middle frontal subject "human penglai" four glittering gold characters, this is the song dynasty scholar su shi hand stitch. After "world penglai" lane, straight forward, got to "danya wonderland", it is a glorious, towering spectacular, listen to the tour guide said, "danya wonderland", is the door of the "wonderland", if visitors step across the past, immediately became a fairy, if two step across the go a fortuneteller. Step after the immortal, we visited the grandeur of the dragon palace, of primitive simplicity and elegant, temple, finally came to the "". The eight immortals is said to have drunk here after the situation across the sea roam, peng lai pavilion that is the reason.

"Penglai pavilion" is a layer of wall engraved with the "hula" sunrise, "night tide crescent", "thousand welcome broken jade", "Wan Licheng wave", "mountain city" now, "leakage day run 10" scenery friezes, second is built according to the pattern of "the eight immortals drunk" statue. The cabinet top, let a person have a state of mind, happy to exceed the open and free from vulgarity. On the cabinet body, staring at the blue sky, white clouds, white looked down at the surface of the ocean waves, the seagulls fly at sea, in the distance, and sometimes a few fishing boats, fishing sailed on the sea. Came to the city of appreciation "penglai pavilion" is a beautiful scenery, the first danya mountain, clear water with HaoMang set each other off, attic at the top, as if inlaid in the trees even ladies eye, in the next to a beacon of commanding, spectacular, just as soldiers guarding penglai pavilion, is standing majestically on the cliffs. Surrounded by a wall of lists of the majestic mountains, majestic, good a "XianGe big empty" figure! Have to go, my heart can not help but sigh, "the world penglai" is really better than wonderland!

Hello, everyone, today I take you to visit Chinas great legacy - the Great Wall.

We see the Great Wall from a distance, the Great Wall is like a long dragon hovering between the mountains. On the Great Wall, we can see the wall, there are many small incision, which is used to shoot nozzle, convex to buttress, where soldiers can hide to shoot outside.

Used by the emperor built the Great Wall and on the building of the Great Wall there is a beautiful legend! I say to you: once upon a time there was a man called Fan Xiliang, he has a wife named meng jiangnu. , Fan Xiliang was levied to build the Great Wall, qin winter came, didnt see meng jiangnu give husband Fan Xiliang woolies husband, when he asked other migrant workers when other migrant workers told her Fan Xiliang is dead. Meng jiangnu cry, tears fell the Great Wall is over 800 meters.

The next free activity, but be careful not to graffito of the scribble on the wall.

Tangshan tangshan, referred to as "tang, is the Asian and African countries and American states to a kind of call in mainland China, overseas Chinese in southeast Asia and the americas to China itself, as well as the Chinese Taiwanese dialect in a call to mainland China. Tangshan is a provincial government in hebei province of the Peoples Republic of China. Domain central cities in hebei province, one of Chinas big cities, one of the important economic center in north China, north China important foreign portal; Is also important shipping center of northeast Asia logistics center, world-class new industrialization base; At the same time is also one of the Beijing and tianjin tang the core city of urban agglomerations.

Tangshan east across the luanhe river, and on the other side of the qinhuangdao, west adjacent to tianjin, the bohai sea in the south, north depends on yanshan, across the Great Wall and the chengde area border, center in bohai bay, the geographical position is superior, the thing about 130 km wide, about 150 km north-south Mao. The citys total area of 17040 square kilometers. The total land area of 13472 square kilometers, tangshan sea area of 4440 square kilometers, 132 island is basic in tangshan in hebei. Downtown area is located in the middle of tangshan, east, north and luan county border, south border with caofeidian area, with rich area adjacent to the west and north. East to qinhuangdao 125 kilometers, 40 kilometers south from the bohai sea and southwest to the tianjin 108 kilometers, and the provincial capital shijiazhuang, 366 kilometers, 154 kilometers northwest to Beijing.

Tangshan is innovative city, the famous ecological city, China excellent tourist city, the development of Chinese science demonstration area, also has a long history of the ancient and splendid culture famous city, resources rich in fertile soil, the cradle of Chinas modern industry, the miracle of the phoenix nirvana, the forefront of sustainable development, coastal megacities, a miracle and dream city. A good performance. Currently shijiazhuang has become the outstanding features in the economy, leading industry, rich peoples life, the development prospects of one of the important center city in north China.

Tangshan in yanshan, across the plains, near bohai sea, geomorphic types including mountains, hills, basins, plains and waters. Back mountain, the landscape pattern of linhai, complex landform types, unique geographical location, for the formation of the tourism resources provides the advantageous geographical conditions, mountain, forest, lake, sea, island natural tourist resources such as types of both.

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !

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Now, with the yuanmingyuan site park site as the theme, formed thesolidification of history and full of vigorous vitality garden atmosphere uniquecombination of tourism landscape, already has the significant political historyvalue and one place rare tourist resort. Yuanmingyuan ruined tragedy, was thesymbol of the Chinese nation, humiliation, has become the rebirth of imperialand will continue to be the Chinese nation striving, increasingly prosperoustestimony. As special planning in 20__, the promulgation of the basic goal ofsite park built yuanmingyuan has clearly present before us.

北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

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The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

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Welcome to Lushan with beautiful scenery. Im your guide. You can call meXiao Liu.

The weather of Lushan is changeable. When Su Dongpo went up to Lushan, hehappened to encounter the weather of cloud and fog, and he didnt see anything.So he couldnt help sighing and saying: ah, such a big fog, I cant seeanything, and I dont even know what Lushan is like. However, he was a poetafter all. Although he didnt see anything, he still wrote down the eternalquatrains that he didnt know the true face of Lushan Mountain, only because hewas in the mountain. The weather in Lushan is like a childs face. It changes assoon as it changes. Just now, the sky was still clear. Maybe it will rain soon.So, we must prepare rain gear in case.

Lets take a look at Xiufeng waterfall first. Here is the Lushan Xiufengwaterfall in Li Bais poem. Its like a white ribbon falling from the sky. Itsreally flying down 3000 feet. Its suspected that the Milky way is falling ninedays. Sit down, everyone. Were going to hanpo (P) estuary, where we can see thesea of clouds. Its very spectacular. It will also pass through the beautifulJinxiu valley. Jinxiu Valley is named for its blooming flowers all the yearround, like spring, just like a piece of colorful brocade. Now when we get toXianren cave, we walk inside. There is a big hanging stone board for tourists totake photos. It is said that when a couple are taking photos, a gust of windblows the girls hat away. She subconsciously picks up her hat, but she fallsoff the cliff. I hope you must pay attention to safety when taking photos, so asto prevent accidents! We should also pay attention to protecting the environmentof Lushan Mountain, and dont worry litter-lout.

You must be very tired this afternoon. Take a rest. After dinner, Illarrange for you to watch the movie "love on Lushan Mountain". I hope you likeit!

Tourists "dear friends hello! Yesterday we visited the magnificent leshan giant Buddha together, today, were going to with it and called 5 a grade scenic spot and two of the world natural and cultural heritages, and mount emei. I called GuYiJia, you can call me little koo. Today we are going to the mountain is not general, it is praised as a world mountain emei."

"Now, we have already came to the gate of the temple in ten thousand, is a beautiful temples here. Here are two of the big banyan tree, into the temple, ten thousand, you can go to buy some incense worshipping Buddha, you can also watch flower-and-bird insect fish, twenty minutes later we set off."

"Please pay attention to a tourist, we soon to nine ridge hillock monkey area, pays special attention to the hands of bamboo sticks, let the child go, honor for defense! Look, the Monkey King, as long as it does not infringe our, our safety! Be careful, it came over, Mr Stone it with your hand, and in addition, others set starting point, so that it will run! Shout, it finally went away, from the fork in the road, with tight!"

"Now we have to meet a fairy temple, what do you do a little rest, we will go down, the next is mount emei of rare plants corridor. There, rare plants ginkgo can be seen everywhere, and endangered plants such as metasequoia not a few."

"We have entered the surd pavilion. The monkey is very gentle and lovely, however, we are here to see water. Look, the steep rock streams into the shade curtain waterfall, clear water just mask instep, will surely make you refreshed, relaxed and happy!"

"Dear friends, emei mountain is a good place, fresh air, trees towering, surd cabinet is also a good place, the water clear Shi Jing, grass green flowers. I wish you a happy journey the next more, bye!"

According to the history, the yellow crane tower was first built in 223ADduring the three-kingdom period. At the beginning, the tower was originally usedfor military to observe the enemy’s activity. When the war finished, the towergradually became a scenic attraction where people can appreciate the view of thecity as well as the lake. In ancient time, many literati visited this place, andsometimes even write down poems for it such as Cui hao in Tang Dynasty, he wrotea famous poem which was name YELLO CRANE TOWER, and another famous poet Li bai,whose poems affected the whole dynasty in his time, also visited this beautifulplace many times.

Over the centuries the tower had been destroyed by wars for many times, butits popularity with Chinese people ensured that it was always rebuilt. Thecurrent tower was completed in 1985 and its design derived from a picture ofQing dynasty. It stands 51.4meters high and has 5 floors .The tower has 60upturned eaves layer upon layer, covered with yellow glazed tiles and supportedwith 72 huge pillars. The exports comment that it is an authentic reproductionof both the exterior and interior design, with the exception of the addition ofair-conditioner and an elevator. Since ancient time, the yellow crane tower hasbeen regarded as the symbol of Wuhan.

Now we are standing in front of the tower. With yellow upturned eaves, eachfloor seems to have been designed to resemble a yellow crane spreading its wingsto fly. Let’s enter the hall on the first floor. On the wall, there is anine-meter (about 30 feet) long and six-meter (about 20 feet) wide paintedporcelain picture which depicts clouds, rivers and cranes to represent aromantic mood in the heaven. What do you think of the picture? It is verybeautiful, isn’t it? Do you know why we call the tower YELLOW CRANE TOWER? Theanswer lies in the picture. Have you noticed that in the picture there is aTaoist who played a flute and rode an crane gliding through the sky? It is astory about kindness and rewarding.

Long time ago, there was a warm-hearted old man. He was very poor and ran asmall wine tavern to earn a living. One day in the summer, the weather was veryhot and the sun was very strong, a Taoist dressed in tattered clothes enteredthe alehouse. He begged the shopkeeper for wine:” Excuse me, I am very thirstybut I haven’t any money. For god’s sake, could you give me a bowl of wine?”“Sure” the shopkeeper smiled: “just help yourself” and gave him a bowl of wine.After that, the Taoist often patronized the tavern and enjoyed the wine withoutpaying money. One year later, the Taoist wanted to reward the poor man. Hepicked up an orange peel from the ground and drew a magic crane on the wall.When he clapped his hands, the crane can dance with the rhythm. Many people cameto watch this miracle. From then on, the tavern was always full of guests.During the ten years, the old man got out of the involvement of poverty and rana large restaurant. Ten years later, the Taoist revisited the old place. When hemet Xin, Xin thanked him. He said: it is your kindness that makes you wealthy.After saying goodbye, the Taoist played the flute and then rode the crane to thesky. In honor of the yellow crane and Taoist, the old man, Xin, built a towerand named it yellow crane tower.

Now we are on the second floor, and we can appreciate various miniaturecopied the styles from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty. Now, let us enjoy theyellow crane in Tang dynasty, it has two stories, the first floor was the gateof the wall, the second floor was used for visitors to enjoy the view of thecity. I have a question, which resembles with the current tower most, payattention, please. Right, the design of yellow crane tower was followed a Qingdynasty picture. Let us have a look at the model in Qing dynasty. It has3stories, the first floor has 12eaves which represent 12 hours in one day, thesecond floor also has 12eaves and it stands for 12months in a year. The thirdfloor has 24eaves and represents 24 solar terms. It is very interesting to enjoykinds of models in different dynasties.

On the three floor you can learn something about Chinese ancientculture----poem. Maybe you can try to learn Chinese from poem and show the poemto your family members back home.

If you want to enjoy the Yangtze River and the view of Wuhan, the goodchoice is to go to the fifth floor. Now it is free time!

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是?万岁?，我是?万福?!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

Today, we will visit Huashan Mountain, which is known as "stone for lotusand cloud for platform". Huashan Mountain is located in Huayin City, ShaanxiProvince, 100 kilometers away from the ancient city of Xian. It is a branch ofthe eastern Qinling Mountains. It was formed as early as 700 million years ago.It was called "Xiyue" in ancient times. It is one of the five mountains inChina. In December 1992, Huishan mountain was rated as one of the top 40 scenicspots in China. It is tall and steep, magnificent. The five main peaks aretowering, just like a blooming lotus, full of vitality and brilliance. The fivemain peaks are called Dongfeng (Chaoyang peak), Xifeng (Lianhua peak), Nanfeng(Luoyan peak), Beifeng (Yuntai peak) and Zhongfeng (yunnv peak). Among them,Nanfeng is the highest with an altitude of 2160.5 meters, while Beifeng is thelowest with an altitude of 1614.7 meters. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of theNorthern Wei Dynasty, said in shuijingzhu that Huashan Mountain "looks like aflower from a distance.". In ancient Chinese, "Hua" and "Hua" are common, sothey are called Huashan. According to the research of Gu Yanwu, a scholar inQing Dynasty, our ancestor Xuanyuan yellow emperor once lived in the YellowRiver Valley of Huashan and Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province, so the Chinesepeople are called Huaxia descendants. The "Hua" of "China" is named afterHuashan, which has become the spiritual portrayal of the Chinese nation. It canbe said that the Yellow River is the mother river and Huashan is the fathermountain.

I believe that even friends who have never been to Huashan will learnsomething about Huashan from some interesting myths and anecdotes, such as "aroad to Huashan since ancient times", "fairy palm of Huayue", "aloes splittingmountain to save mother", "Huashan discussing sword", and modern wisdom tocapture Huashan. These beautiful myths and stories reflect peoples yearning andworship for Huashan since ancient times.

How did Huashan come into being? First of all, there is a legend: it issaid that when Dayu was harnessing the water, people and gods helped himeverywhere. When the water of the Yellow River led out of Longmen and came toTongguan, he was blocked by two high mountains. Dayu could not help sighing.When the giant spirit heard Dayus sigh in heaven, he immediately came to Dayuby flying clouds and fog, expressing his willingness to help him. The giantspirit seized the top of a mountain in the south. The mountain was split in twoin an instant. Then he opened the mountain in the north with his feet. TheYellow River flowed through the gap. The mountain in the south is divided intotwo parts, the high one is Huashan, and the low one is Taihua. Li Bai has a poemthat "the giant spirit roars and breaks two mountains, and the flood rushes tothe East China Sea.".

Huashan overlooks the Yellow River in the north and Qinling Mountains inthe south. It is known as "Huashan ruli". The whole mountain has simple lines,such as knife cutting and axe splitting. Its unique peaks are abrupt andmajestic. It is known as "the most dangerous mountain in the world".

Huashan is famous for its wonderful and dangerous scenery. Huashan has"five wonders", which are "strange stones", "strange trees", "strange water","strange caves" and "strange roads". Huashan Shiqi, speaking of Qi, is composedof a huge and complete granite. The ancients said, "its not strange that thereare no stones in the mountain, its not strange that there are no pure stones.""Huashan is cut into four directions, its width is ten li, its height is fivethousand Ren, one stone is also called" Daqi ". Huashan has five main peaks,among which the East, West and South peaks are the highest, and the three peaksstand in opposition, "flying out of the clouds and falling into the YellowRiver", known as "three peaks outside the sky". When it comes to danger, the"Changkong plank road" erected in the air, the "Quanzhen rock" engraved on theoverhanging rock, the "Yaozi turning over" with three sides of the air, the"Yaozi turning over" with convex top and concave bottom, and the "qianchitong","baichixia", "Laojun furrow", "chaerya" and "canglongling" dug on theoverhanging rock of the cliff are all extremely dangerous.

Huashan has not only magnificent natural landscape, but also richhistorical and cultural accumulation. It is one of the four famous mountains inChina. Taoist culture has a long history here. Human landscape is everywhere,which makes people forget to return.

Todays tour of Huashan begins with Yuquan temple, which is known as thestarting point of Huashang road since ancient times. Yuquan temple is a famousQuanzhen Taoist temple in northern China and one of the main places for ChineseTaoist activities. It was built in 1049-1051 during the reign of emperorShenzong of the Song Dynasty. It was built by Taoist Jia Desheng for master ChenTuan. It was destroyed and repaired several times before it came into existencein the Ming and Qing Dynasties Now this scale, the name of Xiyi temple, becausethe song Taizu gave Chen Tuan the name "Mr. Xiyi". Later, it was renamedyuquanyuan. The scenic spots in Yuquan courtyard include baishitai, WuyouPavilion, 72 windows, Quanzhen Qizi hall, main hall, Tongtian Pavilion, etc.

Through yuquanyuan, you will embark on the journey of Huashan Mountain fromancient times. This mountain climbing Road is 12.5km long and has 9567 steps.Along the way, you can see the charming scenery of the mountains and thetempting Shinto. There is only one road to a famous mountain since ancienttimes, which is a wonder of the world. It has its own records. The road wasbuilt in the Tang Dynasty. Climbing along this road to Huashan can not onlyexercise and surpass itself, but also cherish the memory of the sages andexpress the feelings of the ancient. At the same time, this road is also themost beautiful scenery of Huashan. Only by climbing it can we really appreciateand understand Huashan.

Along the way, through wuliguan, shaluoping, maonvdong and qingkeping, wearrive at the throat of Huashan Mountain. Here is the dangerous road called"Taihua throat" named "qianchizhuang". It has 370 steps with a slope of 70degrees. Local people have a saying about this dangerous road, which is called"qianchichuang, baichixia, Laojun plough up". After a thousand feet building,the dangerous road with 46 meters high and 91 stone steps is baichi gorge.

After crossing qianchichuang and baichixia, we come to the final difficultyof climbing the north peak. It is said that there was no road here. It wasopened by taishanglaojun driving a green ox with an iron plow. Because the shapeis like a furrow left by plowing, it is called Laojun furrow. In Taoist terms,"Li Gou" means that tourists come here, that is to say, they come to heaven,leave the dust and reach the fairyland.

After Laojuns furrow, he came to the north peak of Huashan Mountain, whichwas named because it was in the north of the main peak of Huayue mountain. It isalso called "Yuntai peak" because the three peaks of Huayue look like flowers inthe distance, and the top of the north peak is surrounded by white clouds, whichis like a platform of white clouds supporting lotus. It is the lowest of thefive peaks of Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 1614 meters. Shangtong hasfour peaks: Central, South, East and West. It is not only an ideal resting placefor tourists after adventure, but also the best place to enjoy the top of themountain. On October 8, 20__, Mr. Jin Yong ascended Huashan Mountain and talkedabout swordsmen and swordsmen at the top of the mountain, presenting a moderncultural version of "Huashan swordsman".

Standing on the top of the north peak, we can see the main peak shape ofHuashan and other surrounding scenic spots. Its rocks are mainly granite, mostlywhite. Why are all the rocks in Huashan white? Geologists have found that therocks in Huashan have high content of silicon dioxide, so the color is white.Huashan, which is made of white granite, coincides with the main white in thewestern world controlled by the God of Huashan in Xiyue. This is acoincidence.

After touring Beifeng, crossing chaeryan and climbing TIANTI, you come tocanglongling, the most famous scenic spot in Huashan Mountain. Canglongling isnamed for its green and black ridge, winding like a Canglong in the air.

"After the golden gate, its another heavy day." now we are at the famousGolden Gate of Huashan. Jinsuoguan, also known as tongtianmen, is the throatleading to Huashans "tianwaisanfeng". After Tongtian gate, there is Zhongfeng,also known as yunnv peak. It is said that this was once the place where the jadegirl lived in seclusion, so it is also known as "jade girl peak". The jade girlis the daughter of Qin Mugong, one of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumnperiod and the Warring States period. She has a peerless appearance and is goodat playing flute. Now there is another cave in the West peak of HuashanMountain, which is called "the first cave in the world". It is the place wherePrincess Nongyu married Xiao Shixi, a hermit of Huashan Mountain.

After visiting Zhongfeng, you can climb the ladder to Dongfeng. Dongfeng,also known as Chaoyang peak, is 2090 meters above sea level. It is the bestplace for mountaineers to enjoy the sunrise of Huashan Mountain. The main scenicspots of Dongfeng include Botai, Yaozi turning over, chess Pavilion and so on.The kite turning over is known as the second danger of Huashan Mountain. Thecliff is more than ten feet high. When tourists arrive here, they need to climbthe iron rope by hand, step on the stone nest by foot, attach to the wall, andwhen they get near, they have to turn around on their side feet, so it is calledkite turning over.

Now we come to Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is said that geese returning to the north have torest here when they fly over Huashan Mountain, so it is also called Luoyan peak.There is water at the top of the peak. Its called yangtianchi. The water in thepond is not dry for a long time, and the water is not overflowing for a longtime, forming a spectacle. This is also the most concentrated place ofcalligraphy and stone carvings, such as "standing up to heaven", "bathing in thesun and the moon" and "towering in the sky", all of which highlight the heightof Nanfeng from different angles.

After visiting the south peak and passing through the alchemy furnace, youcome to the West peak of Huashan Mountain. Because there is a natural stone leafon the top of the peak, such as lotus petals, it is also called lotus peak, withan altitude of 2082 meters. Cuiyun palace is the best preserved Taoist temple onXifeng mountain. Its dedicated to doulao, the mother of the stars. This is alsothe place where we are all familiar with the story of Chenxiang splitting themountain to save her mother. The extraordinary as if done by the spirits of thenorth peak, we saw the great scenery of the central peak. We saw the beautifulsunrise of the East peak, and felt the high and steep south peak. We enjoyed theessence of Xifeng and enjoyed the wonders of the whole Huashan. We had beendoing amazing work for millions of years in Huashan. It has created abreathtaking and magnificent natural landscape of Huashan, and has accumulatedrich cultural connotations through thousands of years of literary and literarychants. It can be said that Huashan is closely linked with Huaxia, which is thesymbol of the Chinese nation. From the legends and allusions about Huashan, wecan see that it is not only broad, tactful, elegant, deep and serious, but alsohumorous, witty, even romantic and gentle. Isnt this a true portrayal of ourChinese nation?

The jiuhua mountain in the territory of the county in the south of anhui,is one of the four famous buddhist mountains in China. Astronomers liu yuxi intang dynasty, after the jiuhua mountain, the admiration, think long and famousall cant contend with the jiuhua mountain. Li Baiceng jiuhua mountain on three.The characteristics of the jiuhua mountain is the mountain show, the buddhisttemple many.

In the early years of the eastern (401), has built the temple hill, thenbuild, expansion, the formation of "three mile a small temple, the five to atemple," temple throughout the whole, is said to be thriving period up to morethan 300, one thousand monks four or five. Now intact 五六十座 are temples.

Jiuhua, first of all to jiu hua street, here more than 600 meters above sealevel, is the center of jiuhua mountain, temples are mainly concentrated inhere, therefore is called "lotus buddhist". Here is actually a mountain villagesand towns, in addition to the temple, there are shops, schools, hotels,farmhouse, visitors can stay here, and as a starting point, to visit the sightsof the mountain. Jiu hua in the street of the city temple, ancient temples,jiuhua mountain is the oldest of jin dynasty is Lord also of the jiuhua mountaintemple, the temple of the building layout according to the mountain, reflect thesuperb architectural art. Temple has a higher consisting, weighing about 20__pounds of clocks, casting, loud noise, use the hammer impact, dignifiedrealisation of the bell, echoed in the valley, often make the person has thefeeling of extraordinary to take off the vulgar. "The city production" becameone of the ten views "of" nine China.

From jiu hua street walk far east, there is a palace built on the cliff, isthe famous "hundreds of years old palace". Saying is its plaques "qincentenarians palace, participated in ten thousand the temple" ten gold. It issaid that in the Ming wanli years, monk, too, was a 26-year-old arrived injiuhua mountain, in a solitary penance for 100 years in the cave. Three yearsafter the death, people found his body in the cave. The mountain monk thinks heis the living Buddha reincarnation, hence the body with gold. After the Mingemperor chongzhen know seal him as "bodhisattva" should be. So consecrate hissmall temple incense, temple extension, become one of the four big jungle jiuhuamountain. Visitors can see it in the flesh temple temple wearing mitral, wearinghis red robes, seated on a lotus of the monks gold body.

Jiu hua scene in tiantai. Tiantai peak is the jiuhua mountain, 1300 metersabove sea level. "Tiantai, the not equal to didnt come". From the rooftop injiu hua street, about 15 li mountain, after a lot of scenic spots along the way.When you are panting, reached the tiantai is top, the view, will give you abroad-minded, fatigue elimination. To look around the mountains prostrate, jiuhua street, is the size of a slap. Atop the, heaven and earth one integratedmass, the Yangtze river such as faintly visible. Cool wind sent the pines,bamboo is raging, intoxicating. The surrounding rock, strange, takes the tans.There is a "the human" three characters carved on stone. At this moment, reallymake the person were in penglai fairyland feeling. See the sunrise on the roof,it is said that the magnificent scenery as RiGuanFeng on mount tai see thesunrise. So "tiantai xiao day" is listed as one of the ten views "9".

首先映入眼帘的是一座帖金彩绘，翠顶株楹的仿清牌楼，高大雄伟，上面的彩画叫做旋子彩画，上书“津门故里”四字，它肯定地指出了古文化街附近一带是820__年前的一处聚落，当时统治北方的金人在这里建立天津城市最在的监置——直沽寨。今日的天津就是以这一带为原始中心区域，逐渐开发拓展形成的，六、七百年间始终是天津城市商业繁华地段，对天津地区的开发起过难以估量的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的。

好，请大家随我一同走进这条街吧，大家注意到没有这条街的许多店铺门面檐下、枋间都有一幅幅彩画，这些都是开光清式苏画，大多是人物故事。我们来看一下集珍阁下枋间的彩画，上面画的是《三国演义》中的8幅画，有“桃园三结义”、“虎牢关三英战吕布”、“凤仪亭吕布戏貂婵”、“当阳拒曹”等，从西蜀角度着重刻画了刘备、关羽、张飞三人的忠义英勇的故事。我们在看对面梨园阁枋间，上面画的是古典戏曲名著《西湘记》，描写的是崔莺莺与张君瑞的恋爱故事。

好，我们往前走，边走边看，每间店铺上都有彩画，每幅彩画都有一个故事。好了，现在我们已经来到了宫前广场。著名的天后宫就坐落在这里了，在进入天后宫之前，我们先来看看对面的戏楼，这座戏楼是天津最早的露天舞台，也是天津最早的群众自娱自乐场所。戏楼是木结构楼台式建筑，坐东朝西，东通海河，西向宫前广场，上面是戏台，下面是通道，还可以过马车。原先的戏楼距离天后宫只有5米，周围都是低矮的平房，显得拥挤杂乱，__时戏楼被拆毁，我们现在看到的戏楼是1985年时重建的，高12米，宽10米，进深11.5米，抱柱贴金楹联上写：“望海阔天空千帆迎晓日，喜风清云淡百戏祝丰年”。在过去，戏楼是酬神演出的主要场所，没年农历3月23日天后娘娘华诞这一天，酬神演出就达到了高潮，后来日本侵略军占领天津后，戏楼终止了酬神演出活动。

好，现在我们转过身来看看，天后宫山门前有两棵高大旗杆，直插云宵，格外引人注目，这就是幡杆，高26米，幡杆由若干根铜糙木和铁糙木接成，外层缠麻抹灰，再涂上油漆，经冬历夏，坚固结实。据说幡杆初立时，一方面挂灯，为往来三岔河口的漕船导航，另一方面则作为天后宫的陪衬物，使整个建筑群显得错落有致，气势不凡。后来便为农历每月初一、十五进香及庙会期间专门悬挂天后封号长幡使用。

请大家继续往前走，现在我们看到的就是天后宫的主体建筑了。天津地方民间素称天后为“娘娘”，所以天后宫又被称作娘娘宫。它始建于元代，以后各朝各代均多次重修加固。大家知道我国寺庙大多坐北朝南，可是，天后宫却是坐东朝西的，这是为什么呢?因为津门三岔河是漕运中的必经之地，既是河运的起点，又是海运的终点，成为河海联运的中转站。当时航海技术不发达，漕船经常葬身鱼腹，为满足船民、商贾及政府官员在漕运中所需要的精神寄托，祈求海神天后对航行的庇佑，就在海河西岸建起了天后宫，庙门朝东，直面海河，南来北往的船只，都抛锚停泊，进庙烧香。有些船只因没时间或某种原因无法靠岸，船民、商贾也可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安。这样，既满足了登岸信徒的民俗崇拜要求，也顺应了当时繁忙的航运需求，满足了无法登岸信徒的民俗崇拜要求。

我们现在看到的是山门，为砖木混合结构，九脊歇山青瓦顶，有三门，中间为圆形拱门，取意古代说法“天是圆的”，两旁为长方形便门。门额上刻有“敕见天后宫”四字，中间拱门内有“护佑三津”的匾额。天后宫初建时并无此山门，这坐山门是乾隆20__年增建的。

大家随我进去，迎面为木结构的两柱一楼式的牌楼，左右两边分别是鼓楼和钟楼。走过牌楼，展现在我们面前的是前殿，殿内中间供奉的是护法神王灵官，两侧为“千里眼”、“顺风耳”和“加恶”、“加善”。

我们现在穿过前殿，来到了正殿，这里是供奉天娘娘的地方。坐在正中的就是天后了，我们前面说过天后娘娘可以保佑过往船只的安全，那么天后到底是什么神呢?既然称天后，必是女神无疑了，她不是玉帝、西王母那些空想编造出来的神位，而是依据实有的人和某些传说夸张附会而成的。

史书上说她姓林，宋代福建莆田湄洲岛人。因为出生后一段时间内不会哭，故起名林默。她她生长在海岛，习于水性。相传她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，决心终生行善济人，同时她又熟悉水性，常渡海救助海上遇险的渔民，最终不幸被台风夺去了年轻的生命，死时年方27。又相传，在其死后显灵救助难民的事情时有发生，于是海上的富商纷纷拿钱修建妈祖庙，祈求渡海平安。当然这也都是些传说。不过，在宋代，我国的航海事业虽有较大发展，但在当时造船和航海技术的条件下，海上安全是无法保障的广大的航海人员幻想有一种超人力量来保佑他们平安地飘洋过海。林默的一些动人传说，自然很容易被选中作为超人力量的偶像。关于天后的传说起初只流传于浙、闽一带，后逐渐被官府承认，宋朝时先后被封为“灵惠夫人”、“灵惠妃”元朝时被封为“天妃”，到清朝时候才被封为“天后”可见封号逐步加升。

穿过正殿，我们来到了藏经阁，藏经阁旧称后楼，是砖木结构的二层楼阁，建于明朝，后经多次修整。

穿过藏经阁，现在我们看到的是启圣祠，也就是后殿，原为祭祀天后的父母的地方，后来作为存放皇会期间天后娘娘出巡的木雕轻像的地方。在天后宫内两侧的厢房是天津民俗博物馆，里面介绍了天津城、天后宫及皇会的兴起变迁。从侧面见证了“先有天后宫，后有天津城”这一说法。同时还陈列着明代天津城砖，清代漕运模型人，婚俗展览等。

Gold Chang in northwest area is located in suzhou city, the ancient city, east moat outside the east coast and cross yanghe, east and at pingkiang area adjacent; West to the grand canal west world, and suzhou high new technical industrial zone river; South bridge across the river in small day, three road, tung many in the east coast and double river and is bounded canglang; North to central triangle mouth the water surface, the borders of the city.

Gold Chang area of the tourism resources, huqiu, hanshan temple, lingering garden, west park and so on historical and cultural relics is the pride of suzhou. "Swim in suzhou and not swim huqiu, but pity." Is the symbol of the ancient city of suzhou huqiu tower is famous world culture heritage, the annual traditional temple fair and huqiu show attracted millions of Chinese and foreign tourists. Is located in the ancient city in the west of the hanshan temple with a poetry of the present paper arrives at an inter pretation "and famous, each ring, people always want to hanshan temple

Suzhou belongs to north subtropical monsoon climate, the spring and autumn season for travel.

In October 1955, suzhou city, the city name change, west renamed Chang zone of gold. In August 1956, the area before the view (the former central) revoked, the area, respectively, into the north tower area (north) peace river area (east). In July 1958, revocation of the north tower area, the area of peach dock, Chang door and changchun street office Chang area (most) into gold. Founded in November the same year, the city peoples communes, a district social unity. In July 1960, suzhou city, the original three area is adjusted for six, gold Chang area in two, set up two gold Chang, peach dock area (communes). In July 1962, suzhou cancel each urban commune system. In March 1963, restore to establish three city, peach dock area withdraw into gold Chang area. Gold Chang area during the "cultural revolution" was renamed yan an area. On June 9, 1980, approved by jiangsu province peoples government: suzhou yanan area changed its name to gold Chang area. On September 1, 20xx, suzhou city held a press conference, announced the cancellation of suzhou canglang, at pingkiang area, gold Chang area, set up in suzhou gusu area, with the original canglang, at pingkiang area, gold Chang area administrative areas for administrative areas in gusu area.

Dandongs original ecological landscape is well preserved, and its tourismresources are complete and abundant. In the north, there are many greenmountains, in the south, the winding Yalu river connects with the vast YellowSea. Bangshantai, the starting point of the Great Wall in the East, the riversea boundary stele in the north, the bullet marked Yalu River Bridge, the richethnic customs, and the river, mountain, lake, sea, forest, spring and rivermake up countless wonderful landscapes. As an excellent tourist city, Dandong isalso a hot tourist city in Liaoning Province and an important endpoint city ofthe "Golden Triangle" tourist city in Liaoning Province. Dandongs tourismresources can be expressed in five words, that is "man Chao Jiang Shan Lu". Letme give you a detailed interpretation of the connotation of these fivewords:

Manchu -- this is the birthplace of Manchu. Manchu folk customs are richand have penetrated into our daily life. You can enjoy the Manchu Customs onsome special occasions.

North Korea Dandong is directly adjacent to the Korean Peninsula. No matterthe Korean people living in Dandong or the Korean people on the other side,unique Korean customs can be seen everywhere. Maybe you come to Dandong for thefirst time. There are three kinds of signs on many stores. One is Chinese, theother is English, and the third is Korean. Dandong is a truly internationalcity.

River is the Yalu River. When you come to Dandong, if you dont look at theYalu River, you will come in vain. Whether you walk along the landscape road bythe Yalu River or take a boat tour of the Yalu River, you will appreciate thestatus of the Yalu River in the eyes of the people of Dandong. The Yalu Riverscenic area, with the Yalu River as the main axis, is 210 km long in Dandong. Itis along the mother river of Dandong City, carrying the brilliant development ofDandong City.

Mountain - Dandong is located in the hilly area of Eastern Liaoning, wheremany famous mountains and waters are created by the remaining veins of ChangbaiMountain. There are: Yalu River, qingshangou and Fenghuang mountain threenational key scenic spots; Baishilazi and Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland twonational nature reserves; tianqiaogou and Dagushan two national forest parks;Fenghuangshan mountain city, Yalu River broken bridge, Hushan great wall andother national key cultural relics protection units; It has a memorial hall forresisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, a national patriotism education basefor the broken bridge of Yalu River, a forest park of Tianhua mountain, anatural volcano museum, and so on; Dalishu village, which is the "nationalagricultural tourism demonstration unit", has a total land area of 15000 squarekilometers, and 1500 square kilometers of various scenic spots, accounting for10% of the total land area. This proportion is the highest in the province andfar higher than the national average.

Green - Dandong has high green vegetation coverage, which is the highestvegetation coverage area in Liaoning Province and an important area forEcotourism in Liaoning Province. Whether in the six major scenic spots of YaluRiver scenic spot, or in qingshangou, Dalishu village, daludao and other places,the natural ecology has fulfilled peoples good desire to return to nature.

Longtan grand canyon

Longtan grand canyon is located in liaoning province, hebei border, nownamed longtan grand canyon, huludao city, liaoning province is one of the oldestintegrated face township, near qinhuangdao, huludao and chaoyang city, 330kilometers away from Beijing, tianjin, 324 kilometers, shenyang 440 kilometers,the transportation is convenient. Longtan the grand canyon is unique in theentire northeast valley, longtan natural grand canyon scenic area called "littleTibet" in the north, he together with nature is a place where people dreams, tosee his face, do you want to by plane you step down, the beautiful scenery inthe valley. Canyon with 52 kilometers, depth of 648 meters, 210 meters at itswidest point, there are thousands more branches of the canyon. There setmountain, water, hole, stone, waterfalls, canyon landscape as a whole.

Longtan valley is covered by a variety of plants, the main tree species arepine, poplar, willow, hawthorn trees, walnut trees, acacia tree, pear tree andthe tree of armeniaca sibirica, mountain elm, nearly 30 kinds. The jungle hometo a variety of birds, pigeons, pheasants, sparrowhawks, cuckoo, long tail evenbirds, pine crane, etc. Beasts are Wolf, fox, roe deer, badger, dressed santo,etc.). Old deep pools in the canyon to live, have two dragon each seam droughts,bow down and all the people came to the pond water, and the dragon is veryconsiderate of the people, each seam rain there will be a boon for people, veryefficacious, so this canyon named "longtan grand canyon".

Canyon is available for viewing spots a lot, have a bottomless longtan,deafening longtan waterfall (22 meters, fall is most the breadth to amount to 4meters), golden gourd waterfall (divide 36 meters, 5 meters) wide, magical keelbat cave, hole, toad peak day, god turtle stone, stone, maitreya Buddha,WoHuShan, couples peak, lotus peak, etc. Longtan valley characteristic is moreunique winter ice climbing. Longtan valley of winter was covered with a silverywhite world, many frozen waterfalls everywhere, various, ice fall at its widestpoint for more than 30 meters, the top up to 36 meters, the nature wonderfulartical excelling nature, forming a great landscape makes visitors full ofpraise, linger. In its branch valley, the stone forest canyon, winding sweepingand majestic stone forest into the sky; In one thousand to a natural cave,closely linked one by one very strange; Image lifelike phoenix stone as if toshow its beautiful body. Wild animals will make you really experience theendless charm of nature. Into the longtan, grand canyon is strange, special,peoples first impression of risks. Here flows with beauty everywhere,everywhere permeated with beauty. Granite and volcanic rocks, after the natureof the uncanny workmanship carved to form the natural landscape in differentposes.

Longtan valley natural environment, make up the typical western liaoninglandscape. Early spring, rhododendrons around the canyon, full, flowers bloom,smell fragrant. In the summer, bee flying butterfly dance, schools of thoughtcontend birds, waterfalls, springs gurgling. Late autumn, overflow hill redleaves, in photograph reflect, scenery myriad, fascinating. Winter, snow, frozenwaterfalls hang, glittering and translucent get rid of. Longtan valley greatmomentums, rolling hills, mountains, clear water, fresh air ever-flowing. Inrecent years, integrated by investment promotion and capital introduction tolongtan grand canyon implemented depth development, make it has become a famousnatural scenic area in northern China.

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

Tourists friends, everybody! Welcome you to hefei to participate in the tour. Is a great pleasure to serve as your guide, I show you appreciate the charm of hefei humanities landscape, have a good time together.

Hefei, has a long history, called LuZhou, also known as LuYang, located in central anhui province, is located in the north shore between jianghuai, chaohu, east city, west city, 4 areas in the city, the suburb and changfeng, FeiDong, FeiXi 3 counties. The city of a total area of 7266 (458) square kilometers and a population of 425.9 127.94 (city). City road wide, tree-lined, beautiful scenery, many modern buildings, places of interest, is an ancient and young city.

As the capital of anhui province, hefei is the provinces political, economic, science and education, culture, information, finance, trade center and transportation hub, is also the national grade a open city, the national important scientific research and education base, with China university of science and technology and so on more than 30 universities. High-tech industrial park, the synchrotron radiation laboratory and other renowned Chinese and foreign.

"The name, hefei". Northern wei li daoyuans "water the note" : "the summer water surge, for at shi, the yue at." Usually called shi water nanfeihe river, water is called east fei rivers, this is a saying. One suggested another way of saying that in the tang dynasty, at the water out of the mountain chicken calls, 20 miles points north flow into two, one of the southeast flow (nanfeihe river), passing through into the chaohu lake; One (east fei rivers), northwest ShouChun into the huaihe river in two hundred. The journal, it is pointed out that "belong to different with yue fat". Two water are at, suitable for a source, points to two, yue in hefei.

Hefei notoriously, the hometown of the triple return, bao zheng, at the world, with "huai right inner pipes, jiangnan lips" strategic position, often for the mohican. In The Three Kingdoms wei will zhang liao defeat sun quan xiaoyao jin comply to the army battle, namely happen here. More than two thousand years ago, had begun to form business will be here. Qin and han in the county, the Ming and qing for LuZhou FuZhi, republic of China, is the capital of anhui province, is now thousand Qiang scale times, merchants radial business will be.

Hefei, known as "green city", "garden city" reputation, the ring park was built on the basis of the ancient city walls, hefei hill along the undulating hills, the terrain, together with the original green belt and the moat, fine building. Total length of about 9 km, ring park is divided into six scenic area, among the more famous south, Xia He morning dew of the Milky Way area; Lake mountain set each other off, water, green maple red xishan scenic spot; Trees, lawns evergreen HuanBei scenic spot. This ring park, without a gap of the wall surface of water, and a fascinating scenic jiangnan scenery.

Hefei economy by leaps and bounds in recent years, urban construction changes with each passing day, the five flying things over, LuZhou colorful lights. High and new technology development zone, economic and technological development zone, longgang industrial zone surrounding the Mosaic. Through the city at the water park around the city like a jade necklace; Free and unfettered ancient ferry, hatosy xiuse, yao hai park such as pearl strew; Of shushan chunxiao, bao cemetery, teach crossbow traces of brahman clocks, prince, roaming, meanwhile, ancient theory today, make people linger on.

Hefei many places of interest. Once upon a time, there was the town huai Angle of rhyme, the buddhist temple bell, hidden boat grass color, teach crossbow SongYin, of shushan xue ji, huai PuChunRong, chaohu night, four top sunglow eight place, generally referred to as the "LuYang eight sights". The chaohu lake night, four sunglow scene, such as has not in hefei; Town huai Angle of rhyme, etc, because over time, things change, has collapsed, become history. Now the places of interest to teach crossbows, zoroastrianism temple, free ferry, bao temple, etc. The most famous.

Hefei the jie people spirit, celebrities, star turning, reform and opening up to hefei has brought a new era. Today, guided by positive science city, industrial city, garden city, rewarded brand-new posture, smile to maintaining truthful to meet, know more friends all over the world.

Friends, the hefei visit is coming to an end today, welcome you and your friend come again pingwu and sightseeing. Wish you a happy life.