明显陵英文导游词推荐20篇

Good friends! Now, here we are the famous three gorges of Yangtze river, the three gorges between chongqing and hubei province is located in the upper stream of Yangtze river, is the floorboard of the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. But the scenery here, the grand risk but do not break elegant beautiful zhuang, is a good place for leisure.

The total length of two hundred km, everybody look at both sides is the continuous mountains, mountain without any gap, like a green dragon. Here the mountain towering, canopy, lock the sky became a tape. But for now is noon, even the sun was visible!

Of the three gorges project is a "scene". All the year round, the place has a vastly different beauty waiting for you to enjoy. In the summer, and the waters prevailed here, fast-flowing, is a bold and unrestrained beauty. But for safety reasons, or be a little careful. Autumn, is a kind of sad beauty, each with a frost in the morning, have an ape that has turned the noise, real tear-jerker.

If you are a like quiet beauty, really come to the right time! Spring day like today, showed the quiet beauty of the three gorges. Here is like snow jet and green deep pools, the cyclotron to west also reflected the shadow of everything in the world, visitors can explore in turn head to see, here, it has reflected the sun! On you on both sides of the mountain, with a lot of strange pine, interesting. Now, in front of us is on both sides of the waterfall. This water torrents agitation is cultured and shoot the aesthetic feeling, well, as the ship, we enjoy clear water show, the beauty of the mountain grass sheng!

Happy time always passed quickly, we are thats the end of the trip. May this trip to the three gorges can leave a good memories in your heart, goodbye!

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

恭王府位于北京市西城区前海西街，是清代规模最大的一座王府，先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸，后被赐予恭亲王奕欣，由此得名恭王府，并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程，故有“一座恭王府，半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近，这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成，南北长约330米，东西宽180余米， 占地面积约61120平方米，其中府邸占地32260平方米，花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路，每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂，殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦，显示了中路的威严气派，同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩，厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝，至今仍长势甚好，在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”，是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致，主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋，大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段，为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制，是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼，东西长达156米，后墙共开88扇窗户，内有108间房，俗称“99间半”，取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”，俗称恭王府花园，徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应，花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口，以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心，前有独乐峰、蝠池，后有绿天小隐、蝠厅，布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽，缠枝藤萝紫花盛开，使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天，怪石林立，环山衔水，亭台楼榭，廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化，别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至，寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街，建于1776—1785年，原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅，和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后，此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时，由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功，慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他，而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿，恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿， 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁，现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无由证实，但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》，说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大，占地约6万平方米，分为府邸和花园两部分，拥有各式建筑群落30多处，布局讲究，气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园，园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱，东、南、西面均堆土累石为山，中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑，手法颇高。山顶平台，成为全园最高点。居高临下，可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成，和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题，如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂，其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格，其所表现的特点尤为突出：

一、 规格最高，可与宫殿建筑比美：

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断，还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池，装修成室内小园林，更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多，形式多样：

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处，而且具有多种类型，如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活，空间丰富：

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分，格局多样，其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间，又有私密性的小空间，既有对称式的，也有非对称式的，还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客，有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动，有的适合起居生活，有的作为寝息，不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细，技巧高超：

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木，用材异常讲究，加工的木料可以作出细小的截面，雕刻花纹起伏精确，而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格，只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成，施工难度之大，令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修，绝大部分已经无存，今天通过研究王府文化，要进一步将其发掘出来，结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求，再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海， 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于清政府十五年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间，初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年，这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣，身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职，重权在握，显赫一时，乃大筑邸园，同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局，就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸，后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林，总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆，尚朴去华，明廊通脊，气宇轩昂，仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山，古树参天，曲廊亭榭，富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常，开合有致，实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载，在这块位于京城前海西岸，被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上，元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院，香火旺盛，游人如织，就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶，该寺院才逐渐荒废，沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后，在这里建造大小不等的院落若干，供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后，在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅，相中了这块四周萦水，遥接西山，而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地，遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产，建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”，是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知，第一代府主和珅，是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士，又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官，在清史中十分惹人注目，有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德，后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻，使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年，和珅因罪赐死，嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时，乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订，将来不管谁当了皇帝，都要“办”掉和珅，惟十七皇子永璘说：“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝，只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我，我就知足!”

说到永璘，或者许多人都不太熟悉，但若提起他的孙子，那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻，恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官，但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比，他总还算是一个敢于负责，能够委以重任的人。因此，从同治朝起，奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前，他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣，那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一，他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动，"辛酉政变"时，就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说，如果没有奕欣，整部中国近代史，乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性，那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑，自从它诞生的那一天起，就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质，命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年)，和珅被处死之后，嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部，赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半，是因为当时，乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主，是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主，其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月，当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时，皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子，但天生神力，能开十个劲的硬弓，时常陪着父皇骑马打猎，乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女，他不只一次叹息："你要是个阿哥，这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确，十公主非但武功卓绝，而且胸襟非凡，当和珅春风得意时，驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵，公主就曾经严肃地训斥他："你阿玛受我父皇厚恩，不思回报，却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊，到了身家不保的那一天，连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话，虽不幸言中，但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情，没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位，公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二，西为庆王府;东为公主府，一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月，十公主去世，整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下，而那时，永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后，按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定，王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡，生计艰危，未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第，以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样，没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年，小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费，将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票"，以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后，利上加利，原先八万银元的抵押款，滚到了近二十万，穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年，由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学，以教会之间的关系，用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款，产权遂归这所大学。1937年，辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍，收回房产，将府邸部分作为女院，并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死，这样，府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年，原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒，又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年，恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年，中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院，盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年，又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋，建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间，厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏，到七十年代中晚期，花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌，其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁，但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院，除皇帝和家眷外，任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟，以为家居之所。于是，王府便产生了。今日的北京城里，还有60余座清代王府，其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里，这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前，北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”，最中心的是故宫，外面的第二层是皇城，为政府衙门，第三层是内城，为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层，才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步，还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京，有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写，人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景，每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物，因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮，你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩，你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩，亲王12排，爵位越低，数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤，他修建了庆颐堂，模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这是其中的一条罪状。

Welcome to Shaoxing Lu Xun Memorial Hall. Shaoxing is a famous historicaland cultural city with outstanding people and brilliant stars since ancienttimes. Lu Xun, a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionist, is oneof the outstanding representatives. Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, wasborn on September 25, 1881 in a dilapidated family of feudal literati andbureaucrats in the capital of Shaoxing. He started at the age of 7 and studiedin Sanwei bookstore at the age of 12. When he was 13 years old, his grandfatherwas jailed for bribery in the imperial examination. His father, Zhou Boyi, fellill and suffered a lot from the decline of his family. When Lu Xun was 18 yearsold, he resolutely "took a different road, fled to other places, and went toNanjing and Japan to study. After returning to China in the summer of 1909, hesuccessively engaged in teaching and literary creation in Hangzhou, Shaoxing,Beijing, Xiamen, Guangzhou and Shanghai. On October 19, 1936, he died of illnessat his home in Shanghai new village. He was 56 years old.

Lu Xun spent more than one third of his life in Shaoxing. He not only spenthis childhood and adolescence in his hometown, but also carried out his earlyteaching practice, literary creation and social revolutionary activities. Thelife experience of his hometown not only has a great influence on hisideological development, but also is an important source of his literarycreation. Today, we are going to follow the footsteps of this great man andvisit his hometown.

Now we come to Lu Xuns birthplace - Lu Xuns former residence. Lu Xunsformer residence is located at the west head of the Zhoujia new gate at theentrance of Duchang Fangkou. The new gate of the Zhou family is the place wherethe Zhou family has lived for many years. It was built in the Jiaqing period ofthe Qing Dynasty, facing south from the north, with green tiles, pink walls,brick and wood structure. It is a typical deep courtyard in the south of theYangtze River. In 1918, the house, together with the herb garden behind it, wassold to Zhu, a neighbor in the East. After the change of ownership, most of theoriginal houses have been demolished and rebuilt, but the main part of Lu Xunsformer residence is fortunately preserved, so today we are lucky to see theoriginal Lu Xuns former residence.

These two black stone storehouse gates were originally the side gates ofZhou Jiaxins gate, where Lu Xuns family went in and out.

This ordinary mud flat house is the place where Lu Xuns family used toplace vehicles. As we all know, Shaoxing is known as "Venice of the East".Therefore, most families are equipped with water transportation. The two talloars are used on big ships, while the two small oars are used on black canopies.Sedan chair is a means of land transportation, among which the sedan bar is theoriginal of Lu Xuns family.

From the right door, through the corridor, to the "sweet scented osmanthushall". Mingtang is commonly known as Tianjing in Shaoxing. There used to be twolush osmanthus plants planted here, hence the name of Osmanthus Mingtang. WhenLu Xun was a child, he used to lie on a small table under the osmanthus tree insummer to enjoy the cool. His stepgrandmother Jiang, while shaking a banana fan,played riddles for Lu Xun and told stories such as "cat is the master of thetiger" and "water overflows the Golden Mountain". Lu Xun was influenced by folkliterature since childhood and provided rich materials for his later literarycreation. Later, he had vivid memories in his articles such as dog, cat, mouseand on the collapse of Leifeng Pagoda.

Through the sweet scented osmanthus hall, you come to Lu Xuns bedroom. Inthe summer of 1909, Lu Xun returned to his hometown from Hangzhou after studyingin Japan. He successively held teaching posts in Shaoxing Fuzhong school andShanhui Junior Normal School. This bedroom was his bedroom and study when he wasteaching in Shao. Lu Xun often prepared lessons and wrote late into the night.His first classical Chinese novel nostalgia was written here. The iron pearwooden bed on display in the bedroom is the original of that year.

Through the slate patio, facing is the well preserved two floors and twobottoms of Lu Xuns former residence. The first half of Dongshou is the mainplace for Lu Xuns family to eat and meet guests. Shaoxing is commonly known as"xiaotangqian". When Lu Xun was a teacher in Shaoxing, he often receivedvisiting friends and students here. The leather chair in the upper right cornerof the living room was used by Lu Xuns father. Lu Xuns father was dismissed asa scholar after his grandfather Zhou Fuqings cheating on dance in the imperialexamination hall. He was depressed and depressed. After that, he was so sickthat he was mistaken by a quack doctor that he died at the age of 36. From thenon, Lu Xuns family fell into predicament from a well-off family. After a seriesof family changes, young Lu Xun suffered from the coldness and coldness of theworld. He saw the degeneration and ugliness of the upper class society, whichhad a great impact on his thought and embarked on the road of seeking truth.

Separated from the living room is Lu Xuns mothers room. The Eight Leggedbed in the south is the original one that Lu Xuns mother, Lu Rui, had slept in.The little bed in the East is the bed that Lu Xuns brother ZHOU Jianren used tosleep in.

On the table by the window are displayed the things that Lu Xuns motherused to do needlework. Lu Rui, Lu Xuns mother, was born in anqiaotou, Shaoxing.She was kind and resolute. She was able to read books through self-study. Lu Xunadmired his mother and once said, "if my mother is 20 or 30 years younger, shemay become a heroine." Luri is indeed an extraordinary mother. Her three sonsare known as "the three heroes of the Zhou family" in the modern literaryworld.

To the west of the small hall is Lu Xuns stepgrandmother Jiangs bedroom.Lu Xun was deeply impressed by the stepgrandmother, who was cheerful andhumorous, and often told stories and riddles to his nephews andgrandchildren.

A patio away from Luruis bedroom is the kitchen where Lu Xuns familycooks and cooks. In front of the kitchen, the "three eye stove" used by the oldrich family in Shaoxing was restored according to the memories of the peopleconcerned. Pictures and words praying for blessings and avoiding evil spiritswere painted on the walls of the stove. The kitchen cover on the north wall wasmade by Zhang Fuqing, the "busy month" of Lu Xuns family. Zhang Fuqingsometimes brought his son to carry water for help, and became a close friendwith Lu Xun. Lu Xun and Yunshui met for the first time in this kitchen. "Purpleround face, wearing a small felt hat and a bright silver collar around hisneck", it was this water transportation that made Lu Xun realize a strange worldthat he could not see in books. In 1921, when Lu Xun wrote his novel hometown,he took water transportation as a model and created the vivid artistic image of"leap soil".

The three rooms in the back are where Lu Xuns family stores rice and farmtools. The one on the right is Zhang Fuqings residence. In the middle is thecorridor leading to BaiCaoYuan.

Ladies and gentlemen, now we can see that this garden is the famous"BaiCaoYuan". Although the name of BaiCaoYuan is elegant, it is actually anordinary vegetable garden. It was a deserted vegetable garden shared by morethan a dozen families in xintaimen at that time. Usually, some melons andvegetables were planted for drying rice in autumn. In his childhood, Lu Xunoften played with his friends in the herb garden, enjoying the cool in the shadeof trees in summer and catching crickets in the mud wall in autumn. In winter,we catch birds in the snow. As for BaiCaoYuan, Lu Xun once described it vividlyin his famous prose from BaiCaoYuan to Sanwei bookstore. In the article, hewrote with infinite affection: "it is not necessary to say the green vegetablebeds.

Smooth stone well fence, tall acacia tree, purple mulberry Just around theshort mud wall, there is infinite interest. " What we see now is the landscapein Lu Xuns works. When Lu Xun was 12 years old, his family sent him to Sanweibookstore to study. He had to say goodbye to his crickets, raspberries andMulian, and went to the most severe private school in the city to study. Nowlets say goodbye to everything here and follow Lu Xuns article from BaiCaoYuanto Sanwei bookstore.

From Lu Xuns former residence, walking hundreds of steps to the East,walking south through a stone bridge, and entering through a black paintedbamboo silk door, you will arrive at Sanwei bookstore, where Lu Xun studied inhis youth. Sanwei bookstore is a famous private school in Shaoxing City in thelate Qing Dynasty. It used to be the study of Shou family. Lu Xun began to studyhere at the age of 12. His five-year study career benefited him a lot,accumulated rich cultural knowledge, and laid a very solid foundation for hisfuture literary creation.

The plaque of "Sanwei bookstore" is hanging in the middle of the library,and there is a pair of clasps on both sides of the pillars: "music is silent,filial piety is the only thing; Taitang flavor is poetry." They were all writtenby Liang Tongshu, a famous calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty. What is "threeflavors?" according to Mr. Shou Jingwus son: "reading classics tastes likerice, reading history tastes like food, and a hundred schools of thought tastelike vinegar." Among them, acyl is condiment. There is a picture of pine anddeer hanging under the plaque. Every day, students should salute the plaque andthe picture before they start reading.

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

Dear visitors! Welcome to visit lijiang ancient city, I am the yunnan tour guide GuRunLu, nice to meet you.

Lijiang ancient city is located in the middle of lijiang dam, xiangshan, Jin Hongshan, west to the north pillow of sierra leone, the fertile land in the southeast face dozens of example. Lijiang is an ancient city with a long history of culture, historical and cultural atmosphere here, like the ancient naxi music, baisha murals, dongba text, baisha fine music, is containing the rich cultural connotation. Old town of lijiang also known as dayan town, it is an ancient city without walls, is very special. The minority here, bai, yi, Tibetan, lisu, pumi, etc., said that I want to ask you, live here, most of the main ethnic minorities, what is family? Ha ha, yes, its the naxi. Construction of the naxi nationality is also very distinctive, we will in the next journey with you to visit the naxi people live in a house, understand their life.

Say so many, some friends ask here have delicious, characteristics of food, that is too much, is famous across the bridge rice noodle, BaBa, barbecue, dongba grilled fish, not only have to eat and drink, barley wine, men and women all appropriate, pure grain brewing, distinctive flavour. I saw some friends had drool ah, after a brief introduction, you already have a preliminary knowledge of lijiang, want a more detailed understanding of lijiang local conditions and customs, feel the exotic amorous feelings, to start our wonderful city tour.

Dear visitors, my name is yu-chen zhang, is jiujiang landscape travel guide. Today I lead you to visit the place is only in the "world heritage" of China cultural landscape - lushan scenic area.

Lushan mountain in jiujiang in jiangxi province in central China, the south, also known as "KuangShan", "KuangLu", lists of the Yangtze, tight in poyang lake. The whole of a total of more than 90 peaks. To hanyang peak, the highest peak either altitude 1473.4 meters, the lushan mountain scenery to "show, and the risks, the male" is famous, known as "KuangLu under well of guilin" reputation, is now main twelve landscape, 37, 230 scenery landscape. Lushan early have "lu" of fairy tales, fog day up to an average of 191 days, diffuse clouds of lushan added a lot of the beauty of the landscape charming and mysterious.

Lushan mountain is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, as well as a collection of scenery, culture, religion, education, politics, as one of the famous through the ages. Also has a unique quaternary glacial relics, is the theory of the quaternary glacial birthplace.

Now we can visit freely, then well come to here.

Originally the peony is Chinas famous traditional flowers, wild plants, and thorns, mainly from the qinghai-tibet plateau in China, the Yellow River basin, bashan qinling of zhongtiao mountains, shanxi, henan, funiu and MangShan and other regions, the original peony community can be traced back to 3000 years ago.

In luoyang peony cultivation, according to historical records: began in sui and sheng in the tang dynasty. "Name of guilin" in northern song dynasty period "SuiZhi · plain question" in a "qingming festival times 5, peony China". Since sui, peony on the basis of folk culture, begin to enter the royal garden, become a pet palace. In 604 AD, emperor yangdi capital luoyang company, monarch xiyuan weeks in 200, a variety of royal peony peony became the first in the history of Chinese. When tang and song dynasty, luoyang has been in the capital, capital position, cultivation, ornamental peony FengRi sheng. The tang dynasty poet bai juyis "flower bloom 20, if people are crazy" of a city is true portraiture of the situation at that time. Royal today, temples garden, private garden, with the song dynasty neo-confucianism shao yung has written "festival only two world, the world famous heavy luoyang" of a sentence, can want to at that time, the luoyang garden house, the flower of the spectacular. Each to bloom "emperor city spring sunset, cry cry chariots and horses, a total of the peony, hand to buy flowers." Become a beautiful landscape city of luoyang. Poet liu yuxi "but the peony true national color, the blossoms to move the capital" and the song dynasty scholar sima guang "luoyang spring the most prosperous, red and green among 10 m, who is the flower, like the splendid, people will be splendid study group spent." All paint luoyang people eat during tang and song dynasties frenzy.

All is Chinas famous hundreds of flowers, long, enlisted qunfang, but only the peony high grade. It flowers gigantic, wide variety, the myriad of feminine beauty, crown recalled. Concept of "ancient and modern florilegium, more than 360 kinds of beauties, none but with peony comparison. Therefore, known as" the king of flowers ". And the luoyang is located in the central plains, mild climate, rainfall is moderate, suitable for the growth of peony. The song dynasty writer ouyang xiu in luoyang high rank, he enjoyed the luoyang places of interest, have a special liking to the luoyang peony, author of "luoyang peony". His "luoyang ley spent the most appropriate, particularly heaven" peony verse says the luoyang peony growing advantageous natural conditions.

It is said that long time ago, wild peony on MangShan people not expensive, often cut the wood, a young very pity, transplanting it hospital, elaborate care. In a handkerchief, embroidered peony flowers. The young man wondered, was about to ask girls suddenly disappeared. XiuPa, but see a top have a poem: "name of luoyang, Mang range for my home. Are you feeling heavy, spring to see the wonderful work." In the second year spring, the youth was certainly rich gorgeous peony trapped in the home, graceful, from then on he would make a living by planting peony, family became more and more abundant. Point of view, the legendary the epigenetic the luoyang is the earliest "peony growing expert".

Since the tang dynasty, thousands of years, made a number of cultivation of luoyang peony skillful craftsman. Liuzhou, record the recorded: "song single parent, word ZhongRu, poetry, good plant. All peony one thousand kinds, red and white color, people do not know its operation,d called to mount li (li) plant ten thousand copies, individual color, give daughter, imperial secretary call division for flowers." All previous dynasties scholars intone the luoyang peony flow spit relapsed, KuangDai unique appearance of verse. Tang wang also really write the luoyang peony, "peony enchanting disorderly, a country such as crazy do." Great poet bai juyi wrote in a poem "flowers", "ten households in a clump of dark flower, fu", "fan of every acquisition for customs, all in one", the poem says the luoyang peonys precious and peoples love of the peony. It is said that tang tai years, spring, on the day of li han Leon, the temple to watch the peony, asked the painter Cheng Xiu f: "sung today Beijing city peony poems, who headed?" Cheng answer: "in the book scheeren lee cloud: freed national color to the wine, day sweet night dyed garments." Leon listen to praise, he said the luoyang peony "amusement", so the peony has the reputation of "amusement".

Thousands of years, luoyang peony beautiful, various, gorgeous and charming. Ouyang xius "guest said recent years old take specific, often conjure up a hydraulic-powered tree-trimmers" speaks the truth. In the history of sheng peony varieties of up to 119 a. Now has more than 500 varieties, in a nutshell, can be divided into three, nine, ten. Three categories, namely, single head, start and mixed type. This is according to the classification in the number of flowers, flower for single headdress flower, flower for double flowers, three for three peony flowers. Nine color is red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, white, green design and color, such as this are classified according to the color of the peony. Ten type mainly based on what the luoyang peony petals, size, flower arrangement and the morphological characteristics of classification. In the 19th century, British scholar evolution Darwin in his masterpiece "on the origin of species" quoted ecological variation of luoyang peony, as proof of his theory of "evolution". The song dynasty, luoyang yao yao peoples yellow and developing the erros of prime minister Wei Renbo home Wei Zi known as kao, flower after respectively. "Yao yellow one, and the brilliant breath is like cutting". Candidates.if your years, luoyang has pressed the song god yao yellow flower, flower large feet 2 inches, he excited, regardless of the reigns of his identity, and placed it over his head, visible, the emperors obsession in the peony, and from then on famously.

Since the tang and song dynasty, many bookman at a magnificently for peony poem writing, form a plethora of peony culture, and deduces many myths and legends about peony, soft smell things.

Legend, lunar month two years should, xiking changan heavy snow, wu zetian drinking poetry, on an impulse drunk pen write fen book: "swim Ming dynasty garden, rushing harbinger, stamen overnight, mo monring winds to blow." Flowers not this life, open overnight, peony not violations in season alone, shut the core. Wu zetian rage, peony fall out of changan, sent in luoyang, and to the stake. Peony has been the rule, the body such as coke; But branch do not come loose, standing still in the freezing cold, next year when the spring breeze blow, more brilliant flowers, known as "focal bone peony".

Another legend of peony, it is tang clear huang lung-chi lee kai jade bracelet ChenXiangTing vigil changan palace, the "harem of three thousand people, three thousand pet in a" your princess, hearing the luoyang peony has been in full bloom, and the wood in the JinYuan peony is at the end of the bud, then make the imperial secretary drum rush, flowers are still does not open, she was in a rage, will all fall to luoyang peony. Luoyang peony in Tokyo, in a flash, bright flowers branches, blooming together. In fact, with scientific attitude, xi an and luoyang on the same latitude line, but the temperature and humidity are slightly lower than luoyang, luoyang, west across the mountains, and in the MangShan Yang, the chang an early spring. Therefore, generation by Li Baiyou "qingping tune" word "taken two phase huan pour countries, often have the Kings grinned see, explain the infinite hate, dongfeng ChenXiangTing north lean on a railing" flea in jade bracelet, is the imperial concubine bear a grudge, derogatory generation by hyperbole, lifelong grief may not be the volunteers.

These legends show peony jubilant, unwavering in style, it is also the clank iron character of the Chinese nation and integrity.

Since luoyang peony enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, to buy an endless stream, sui and tang dynasties frequent exchanges between China and Japan, luoyang peony spread to Japan, the Japanese peoples distribution of wealth. Neighbor north Korea, South Korea is also widely cultivated in China, then, the americas, Europe, many countries have successively introduced, called the luoyang peony flower "China" or "flower days god". Soldiers in song dynasty, the central plains, luoyang today, peony cultivation, breeding and subsequently fails, moved to the southern city of hangzhou. Jing and bright state, tsaochow people since the law transplant peony, become the new peony resort. Sichuan day peng are luoyang peony famous plant, jiangsu yancheng, since then, luoyang peony throughout China. After the founding of new China, due to the experienced the vicissitudes of life, luoyang peony only more than 30 varieties. In the autumn of 1959, prime minister Zhou Si to luoyang tractor factory, and specifically about the situation of the luoyang peony. Premier zhous concern caused the luoyang city government attaches great importance to, quickly return to expand acreage, one after another in the city park, the peony park; Xiyuan, can garden, open up the peony viewing area, and the new mail mountain national color peony, los pu park formed ten kilometers peony promenade, and built one thousand mu of peony gene pool; The peony as the city flower of luoyang NPC standing committee and was started in 1983 the annual peony show. From then on, the peony everywhere, every family, every day, to more than 500 peony varieties development. Yellow flowers every year, yao, Wei Zi, tsing lung lie the inkwell, drunken beauty peony famous brand, such as the charming attitude, see the flower heads, such as chi, like drunk, like a dream, like magic. Luoyang city park has set a record of every nearly 300000 people a day. Flower stage, residents rushed to view the city, town. Is: "watching flowers peony, everything all forget since I dont know."

With the peony show set each other off becomes an interest is luoyang peony Lantern Festival. Luoyang colored, gu sui, tang, more than 1000 years, has become a big people festival festival custom. In recent years, luoyang lanterns excellent reputation, become one of the three big Lantern Festival in China. Day to watch the peony night view of light, the annual peony show to a climax. Peony Lantern Festival every year, thousands of dye flow xia tao drunk all over the sky stars, wanjiadenghuo shook silent night sky. Such as lights, such as poetry. Painting colorful, make you dont know is oneself or human fairyland. More it is worth mentioning, winter 1994, national campaign "national flower" leadership team through the press candidates spent solution is: a country - the peony flower. At this point, an early nine dynasties rong snow clothe with silver, and luoyang refractory research institute a peony flower bed is a proud timely snow in full bloom, people sell, all without exception. Xinhua news agency and other dozens of news media scramble to report, exclaim, "national flower spread good news, the peony should know the snow laugh" wonders in one hundred.

In recent years, luoyang peony not only out of the country, but also sold to Japan, the United States, France, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese Taiwan regions, the end of the peony "can see cant buy" history. Peony have also made a series of scientific research achievements, the technology has the new breakthrough, basically achieved the "flowers bloom as well, spring to autumn to irrelevant", which laid a foundation for further development of luoyang peony.

Poets in lee ge fei has: "the world of governing revolution, hou to rise and fall of luoyang, rise and fall of luoyang, hou xing in garden waste." Temporal change, things change, all without exception shows people with a philosophy: goodsky flower glory. Today, our country is coruscate gives new vitality, the peony like rosy clouds in the east, adorn the expeditions of the earth. Peony, this eternal soul, telling us hard to think of the Chinese nation as an epic. Luoyang, luoyang peony to dress for the peony. The peony and the ancient capital of blame. Song times flowers, flower pregnant vitality; Luoyang peony is out of the country, go to the world of tie and bridge, peony, is the ancient capital of aesthetic badge, it will accompany the onward march of luoyang, towards a new brilliance.

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello everyone! Im the guide of snowflake tour group. You can call me XiaoZhao. I will lead you to a beautiful and spectacular Huashan.

Huashan is called Huashan because it is said in shuijingzhu that it lookslike a flower from a distance. It is also called Huashan because of the commonuse of "Hua" and "Hua" in ancient times and the accent of local people. Huashanis closely connected with Huaxia and is the symbol of the Chinese nation.According to Zhang Taiyan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, "Huaxia" and"Zhonghua" were named after Huashan. As early as in the book of history, thereare records of Huashan. In the records of history, it is also recorded that theYellow Emperor, Yao and shun all traveled to Huashan. Dozens of emperors, suchas Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Tang Taizong, Wu Zetian, and Tang Xuanzong, also wentto Huashan for large-scale sacrificial activities.

Huashan Mountain is one of the most famous five mountains in China, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is located in Huayang City, Weinan City, 120kilometers east of Xian, Shaanxi Province. It is adjacent to the smooth WeiheRiver Plain and the roaring Yellow River in the north, and Qinling Mountain inthe south. It is a granite on the north side of Qinling ridge. With the changeof nature, Huashan is a national scenic spot.

"Everyone catches up with the team. Huashan Xiang is famous for itsprecipitousness and precipitousness, ranking first among the five mountains. Asthe saying goes, "Huashan has been a road since ancient times.". Along the way,you must pass through qianchizhuang, baichixia, Laojun plough, Shangtianti,canglongling and other extremely dangerous thoroughfares.

Look at this. This is Pinus armandii. Pinus armandii has yellow male coneswith several oval spatulate scales around the base Resin can be extracted fromtrunk, tannin extract can be extracted from bark, aromatic oil can be extractedfrom needles, and oil can be extracted from seeds.

I hope you can have a good day! Next time I will travel with you!

Dear ladies and gentlemen, children

hello everyone!

Im Sheng Zexi, todays tour guide. You can call me Xiao Sheng. Today weare going to visit the temple of heaven, which is one of the world famouscultural heritages. Today, Im very happy to enjoy its beautiful scenery andarchitecture with you, and have a good time together. I wish you all have a goodtime!.

The temple of heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and QingDynasties worship heaven. It was first built in 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle inMing Dynasty), and then after continuous expansion, it was built in Qianlongperiod of Qing Dynasty. Since its completion, it has been a special altar forthe emperor to worship heaven. It lasted for 490 years until the end of the 1911Revolution and the end of the feudal monarchy. It also completed its mission. Itwas turned into a park in 1918 and has been "visited by others" ever since. In1957, it was listed in the first batch of historical and cultural relicsprotection units in Beijing. In 1961, it was listed in the first batch ofnational key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

The temple of Heaven Park, with an area of 2.05 million square meters, hasfour groups of ancient buildings: qigutan, yuanqiutan, zhaigong and Shenle

Building group, there are 92 ancient buildings, more than 600. It is thelargest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world. There aremore than 3500 ancient pines, cypresses and locusts in the temple of heaven,which are more than hundreds of years old. The temple of heaven is not only thealtar of ancient Chinese emperors, but also the crystallization of Chinas longculture of offering sacrifices to heaven. Its magnificent architecture, greenancient trees and rich cultural relics collection record not only theexpectation and hope of ancient Chinese ancestors, but also the wisdom,fatalness and decay of feudal emperors.

Dear tourists, our tour today is coming to an end. Im very happy to spendthis wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guide today,please criticize and correct me. Thank you!

Everybody is good! My name is zhang, you can call me a guide. Today I bring you to visit verve magnificent Great Wall.

MAO zedong once said: "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall". Why dont we go on a tour today? Good! We can eat when men now! On the former see head, after the end of the Great Wall.

About the Great Wall, there is a moving story, legend meng jiangnus husband was caught to build the Great Wall, the meng jiangnu then struggling to find her husband, however, meng jiangnu I get to know and her husband were dead tired at the foot of the Great Wall. After hearing the news, meng jiangnu cry for three days and three nights at the foot of the Great Wall, just listen to "bang" a loud walls down, to see the bodies of her husband!

Now that we have stood on the badaling, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, naturally think of the Great Wall is built. Tourists, look at these countless stone alone, with 2 - one thousand catties a enough at that time, there was also no crane, crane, forklift, rely on the shoulder, countless hands, step by step, carry on the steep mountains.

Well, the beauty of the Great Wall I said also said not over, now please enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Great Wall!

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !

Each visitor:

How are you, welcome you to Tienjin to travel, I am your guide DAVID.

I introduce todays route of travel to everyone first, first, we go by carto sight-see Tienjin museum, five major ways and benefit follow virtuous bighotel, by boat tour sea river, thou cultural street, then go to a horse can waveLuos square, Italian romantic feeling area, and then visit beam Qi super pastreside with Italian barracks

The position that the car drives now is a plum the river live area, it islocated in the extension of comity road in the south of Tienjin City on-line, isthat city hall in Tienjin is unified to invite bids construction of large nestleto live area.

Now our driving is this road is a comity road, this road is the main trunkhighway that city hall in Tienjin faces a guest, the north rises Ma Chang Dao,the south goes to black cow city way, neighbor rapid road, all grow 3.5kilometers.

What we see is an impressive-looking vehemence Tienjin museum now, itlocates at on the intergalactic square and sees very much resembling to flapwings to rise the daytime goose that the desire flies from the lake noodles fromthe shape, and the total shape brief introduction is flowing freely and enrichthe feeling and art in ages very much.Museum in Tienjin is a nation one classmuseum, is in original Tienjin National Museum of History and art museumfoundation in Tienjin on set Be finished, is to display ancient Chinese art andhistory in Tienjin to develop large comprehensive sex museum, here the buildinghide each kind of cultural object 20 remaining is ten thousand, among them, onethe class cultural object is about thousand, north Sung period famous landscapepainting 《snow landscape wintry forest diagram 》 for north Sung"landscapepainting three everyones" of one Fan breadth of bequeath to posterity genuinecalligraphy, also have the treasure that be rated as the country of the westernweek protects Ding to also collect here too much and believe that museum inTienjin will present the bright hall of Chinese art to you.

The right that the garage drives is a crystal temple big hotel, is famousChinese descent, designer, Wu Xiang Zi Di, , designs of four star classhotel.

The underneath what we sight-seed is five major ways, it is located at topeaceful area in Tienjin City, there are total of 22 roads, five major waysrented boundary for England at first, if there were 20__ remainings here, thedifferent garden type ocean building is the style and said to is five majorways, in really six ways, they BE:Ma Chang Dao, the Mu south way, great reasonway and often virtuous way, Chongqing way and Chengdu way, rather than five, butspread long, be so called a kind of officer said, now then five major waysbecame the pronoun of small Tienjin ocean building.

We drive now of this was Ma Chang Dao, it was a road that grows most infive major ways, all grow 3516 meters, rented boundary race course because ofleading to an English but get, once was still that the big modern Tienjinofficer is expensive to swarm about a prosperous road that interleave go backand forth, swarmed about many celebrities here here past reside, everyonepleases see the have big clock face to face of French Luo Man type what stylebuilding was famous foreign country language college in Tienjin, it sets up in20s in last century, the building in the campus all is French building.

We turn now last is road in Hebei, everyone saw toward right-hand side infront, the 4 F that has very heavy Italian romantic feeling the small oceanbuilding was an only fresh Yue wine shop, was so called "pimple" building, theinner part repaired extremely fashionable, especially collect to settle the TaoKuang Imperial decree between the years, various stone carving, ancient weapon,have ascend to spring autumn next to about 4000 cultural objects of republic, bepraised as "the museum edibled", make people call more unique BE, the buildings305 rooms once were famous city play master, Ma Lian Liang, of old reside.

Front of the way was way in Tai-an, it is another trunk highway that faceguest and host of our Tienjin, and the building of this classic renew type inthe Greece is Wei location in Tienjin City, opened the Luan mineral mansion inthe duty bureau at first here.Is original here north ocean warlord Sun ZhuanFang of past reside, now is account to living Wei of transact a location.

Everyones inviting the hotel seeing us right ahead is a benefit followvirtuous big hotel, its starting is set up to 1863 is built by the Britishpastors Yan Sen virtuous property of, hence get, but, also have a kind ofparlance is draw from "reason fluently with virtuous" of the ConfucianismMenzis person with ideals and integritys famous saying but get, the culturalobject inside the store is too many to enumerate, therefore, be listed as byState Department in 1996 whole country point cultural object protectionunit.

Connecting down us will by boat sight-see sea river, we will go aboard nowfor the sake of ensuring your safety and please a preservation like yourpersonal luggage so as not to damage with throw to lose, and notice the hygieneon board, dont throw fruit peel indiscriminately, take the kids passenger toinvite you to nurse like your child, dont want to let him for the sake of hissafety the activity dont explore your head and body on a ship and alone inaddition to a window, finally remind you, there is a life jacket under each seatwith fully need , good, everyone notices foot, please go aboard!The sea river isone of seven big river rivers in the whole countries, all grow 72 kilometers,wind around to flow through several city areas inside Tienjin City, mothersriver of Tienjin, load Tienjin for 600 years, how much in the last years torrentnot interest, conceive ancient times and now civilization in Tienjin, feedpassionate hospitality of sea river children.The position that the ship anchorswas 5 A class view area in nation thou cultural street, asked everyone to takethe good baggage product goes on board and notices foot with me and please!

Thou cultural street is with diva temple for center, have a street of placespecial feature in Tienjin very much, divas temple is one of three greatestdivas temples in the world, is our country northern Goddess of the Sea thecultural research center and norths biggest Goddess of the Sea temple is also afolk cultural Tienjin source, thou cultural street concentrated Tienjin is tovarious handicraft product of national all directions, draw by willow youthamong them, clay doll Zhang Cai Su and Wei record kite the most famous.

We drove onto the idea type romantic feeling area now, it locates at in thesouth of Hebei to carry and once was area in the center of Italian lend-lease inmodern Tienjin history, is unique Italian history appearance buildings that isalso a biggest our country domestic in Asia.Being the center horse of Italianromantic feeling area here can wave Luos square

Now what we want to visit is the studio being super past to reside anddrink ice room beam Qi, the beam Qi is super is a modern age only one of theheart parties leaders, he and the Kang is only capable to initiate heart andcall "Kang beam", after E Xu political reform fails, the beam Qi is super exiledJapan, Xin Hai revolution behind return to country, drank ice the indoor tocompose works like 《Chinese history research method 》, 《 Manchu dynasty academicgeneral outline 》 ,etc in its studio, after again is drinking a finished work inthe ice room and call 《drink ice room to match to gather 》 .

Friends, what everyone visited is an Italian barracks now, according to therules of the bitter ugly treaty, eight countrys allied troops send a soldier tostation Tienjin, 1902, Italy built up barracks in the lend-lease and pleasedfriends to together visit with me.

Liked friends, todays tour was getting aller is over.Thanking you to thesupport and match that I work is getting more perfect, has for the sake of mywork what not thoughtful place invite you to leave a precious opinion, wish youall the luck!Expect to gather together with you again at my home town,Tienjin!

Thank everyone!

首先我代表青年旅行社各位的到来。我叫林媛是青旅的一名导游，大家可以叫我小林。

这位是我们的司机王师傅，他驾车经验很丰富，大家可以放心乘坐。我们现在开车前往古文化街，中午12：30用餐，下午游览鼓楼商业街，晚上5点返回酒店。在接下来的游览活动中请大家多多配合我的工作，我也会给您提供最优质的服务，最后在此预祝您旅游愉快顺利。

大家注意一下，我们就快要到古文化街了，我在这先给大家简单地介绍一下。它是一条具有天津地方特色的商业街。在元代随着漕运的发展和天后宫建筑的出现，开始有人在宫的周围定居下来，慢慢就形成了街市。清代时，这里达到了空前的繁荣。古文化街以它独特的四味“中国味，天津味，古味，文化味”吸引着国内外的游客，唤起了天津居民对优秀民间文化传统的钦敬之情。

大家注意一下，现在是9：30，我们12：00准时回到车上，请大家记住，我们所乘的车是韩国大宇车，车牌号为津AT8210而且在车前窗右下方有“天津青旅”字样。好了，请大家带好贵重物品，按顺序下车。

古文化街是以天后宫为中心，分为“宫北大街”和“宫南大街”，我们现在就是在宫南大街的街口。我们一来到这里，大家就看到了这富贵气派的清代大式牌楼。同样在宫北大街的街口也有一座。他们造型精致瑰丽，不仅达到了“先声夺人”的效果，也把古文化街仿古建筑群烘托得典雅秀美，层次分明。

我们抬头看在这块匾额上写着“津门故里”四字。金代时统治北方的金人就是在这里建立了天津最早的建制直沽寨。今日天津市区也是以这为中心，逐渐发展形成的，它对天津的形成起了很重要的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的了。

而北面楼匾写的是“沽上艺苑”。古文化街无论建筑风貌，店铺装修，匾额楹联，经营商品都带有浓郁的艺术气息。所以把它称作沽上的一处“艺苑”也是再恰当不过的了。另外当我们进入街上的店铺时会看到店铺门面檐下，枋间有着一幅幅清代的苏式彩画，而且每一幅都有着情节和典故，大家一会儿不妨猜一猜上面画的是什么。好下面就让我们走进这条古老的街道，来领略一下它特有的古建筑和文化特色。请大家跟紧我。

我们现在看到的就是天后宫的山门了。“先有天后宫，后有天津城。”这是天津人对城市发展通俗而生动的说法。天后宫俗称“娘娘宫”，它始建于元代泰定三年(1326年)，明代永乐元年重建，为天津市区现存最古老的建筑。它与福建湄州妈祖庙，中国台湾北港朝天宫并称为世界三大天后宫。天后宫供奉的是宋代福建莆田县贤良港出生的林默。传说她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，还常常渡海救助遇险的渔民;她还能观察风云变化，预测天气，被人们尊称为神女，后来加封为天妃，天后,成为人们信仰的海神。

不知大家有没有发现这个问题。在我国，寺庙一般都坐北朝南。然而，天津天后宫却是个例外：坐西朝东。这是因为当时有些船只没有时间或其他原因无法靠岸，如果天后宫就坐西朝东，面向海河，船民，商贾就可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安了。现在就让我们到里面去参观一下天后宫。大家跟我走。

我们从山门一进来首先看到的就是这两侧的钟鼓楼。这个是钟楼它和对面的鼓楼最初都建于元代，但后来多次被重修，可谓是历尽沧桑。我们看这个钟上铸有66只象征吉祥的仙鹤，大家可以敲一敲。敲它一声百顺，二声如意，三声安康。

我们现在所在的呢是前殿，中间这一位就是道教护法神中地位最高的王灵官，百姓称赞他说“三眼能观天下事，一鞭惊醒世间人”。他两侧的这四位就是天后娘娘的四位侍从，他们千里眼，顺风耳，加善和加恶。

从前殿出来，我们现在就来到了正殿。它是由三座建筑勾连搭建组成的，前面的一座为卷棚悬山顶，面阔三间，进深一间;中间的为七檩单檐庑殿顶，面阔，进深均为三间;后面接着一个凤尾殿，也是卷棚悬山顶，面阔进深均为一间。拒考证正殿不仅是天津市区最古老的建筑，它也是我国现存年代较早的天后宫建筑之一。大家看到这正中的就是天后娘娘了，她的前后左右分别是她的四位侍女，平时这里总是香火不断，很多人来朝拜天后祈求平安。

下面我们在到正殿两旁的南北配殿看一看。

这里就是南配殿。它供奉的是天津的民间神。这位是王三奶奶，据说她是个走乡串村，给人看病的巫婆，素以慈善为本，相传摸一摸王三奶奶的手可以治百病。

从天后宫里走出来，这里就宫前广场了。前面的是过去酬神演出的戏楼。在现在的宫前广场上还有象杨柳青年画，泥人张等的专卖店，那么在剩下的时间里，大家可以自由的游览，购物，一定注意安全。最后再嘱咐一句，12点之前回到车上，还是在南街的街口。好，现在大家就可以解散了。

各位朋友，这次的旅游活动就要结束了，我也要和大家说再见了。非常感谢大家对我工作的支持，对我工作中不尽如人意的地方由衷的说一声对不起，也希望您提出宝贵的意见，最后，我祝大家在今后的生活中身体健康，万事盛意。

平山堂是游目骋怀的好地方。堂前古藤错节，芭蕉肥美，通堂式的敞厅之上，“平山堂”三个大字的匾额高悬，这是名闻遐迩的宋代著名政治家、文学家欧阳修贬谪扬州太守时所建。可敬的是欧公不为世俗所羁，一到扬州，就爱上了蜀岗，于是在此建堂。史载，每到暑天，公余之暇，他常携朋友来此饮酒赋诗，他们饮酒方式颇为特别，常叫从人去不远处的邵伯湖取荷花千余朵，分插百许盆，放在客人之间，然后让歌取一花传客，依次摘其瓣，谁轮到最后一片则饮酒一杯，赋诗一首，往往到夜，载月而归，这就是当时的击鼓传花。如今悬在堂上的“坐花载月”、“风流宛在”的匾额正是追怀欧公的轶事。

欧阳修最爱莲花，其后调任安徽阜阳，到任第二天，他就来到该城的西湖之滨，见湖面开阔，但杂草丛生，于是遍植瑞莲和黄杨，使西湖顿改旧观，夏日时接天莲叶，映日荷花，于是他写诗道：“菡萏香清画舸浮，使君不复忆扬州。都将二十四桥月，换得西湖十顷秋。”可见他是按照扬州瘦西湖的景致安排阜阳的山水。堂前朱漆红柱上的楹联：“过江诸山到此堂下，太守之宴与众宾欢”，是清太守伊秉绶所作，上联以山喻人，显现当年高朋慕名而至，谈古论今的盛景;下联借欧公《醉翁亭记》中句，表现欧公无法施展抱负的郁闷和乐观自适的落宕情怀。造句既佳，书法古朴，为平山堂楹联之冠。

周末想放松一下，选择和朋友一同出去游玩，逛着逛着就走到了久负盛名的回民街，我们尽情的吃喝玩乐，尝一下贾三家的灌汤包子、老米家的泡馍、定家的小酥肉、还有东南亚甑糕，没多久饱腹感便油然而生，所以我们就在附近悠哉悠哉的散步，走着走着看到了一座仿古牌坊，上面写着“化觉巷”这里面是大多数是一些仿古的小纪念品，还有一些皮影之类的西安本地文物，我们沿着这条街继续往深处走，便看到清真寺的正门赫然出现在我们面前，我们便决定去哪里逛逛。

清真寺对于不是回族的朋友是要收门票的，这是去了之后我们才意识到的，但是不要紧张，门票真的不贵，而且我感觉特别的值。清真寺的整体建筑是明清风格的，非常考究，呈现在眼前的并不是我想象中圆顶建筑物，而是木牌坊、石牌坊、鳌驮的御赐石碑、飞檐的殿阁、八角玲珑的塔楼，屋顶是蓝色的琉璃瓦，慈禧太后题字的匾额，米芾的字，苏东坡的字，董其昌的字，还珍藏有清代手抄本《古兰经》和一幅《麦加图》，《古兰经》放在一个木匣子里，再往里面走是一座省心楼，两层楼，三层檐，碑文是用阿拉伯语写的，很多建筑雕花很精美，给人庄重威严的感觉。四周的墙壁上挂着一些经文的雕刻，其实仔细看看，寺内有很多精美的砖雕含有伊斯兰文化的痕迹，寺内左侧正中有为做礼拜前专用的沐浴间，寺内建筑雄伟，环境清幽，整体寺院给我留下的印象就是神圣。

其实对于民族文化和伊斯兰教感兴趣的朋友可以选择去逛一次，里面的藏品都是古色古香，原汁原味，值得一游的，去一次真是对心灵的洗涤，使人心生敬畏。

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

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陵规划占地183公顷，其中陵寝部分占地52公顷，在这广阔的区域内，所有的山体、水系、林木植被都作为陵寝的构成要素来统一布局和安排。陵区后部的自然山丘为祖山，作为陵寝的依托，两侧的山体作为环护，中间台地安排建筑、九曲河婉蜒其间，前面山丘为屏山，构成前朱雀、后玄武、左青龙、右白虎的风水格局，体现了“陵制与山水相称”的原则。陵墓的最南端建有敕封纯德山碑亭一座，平面呈方形，亭已毁，内供汉白玉石碑一通，通高3.59米，宽1.15米，上书“纯德山”三个大字，碑座、碑身、碑文和碑额保存完好。纯德山东侧天子岗建有龙首龟蚨碑亭一座，俗称“山曲碑”亭，记载着陵区的范围及管理方面的内容。

陵寝外围建有高6米，厚1.6米，长达4730米，平面呈“金瓶”形状的外罗城。外罗城前端因池塘和东南砂山影响，依山就水建造歇山顶宫门一座，名新红门，面阔18.5米，进深8米，有券门三洞。门前有下马碑两座，上书“官员人等至此下马”。新红门右侧依原有天然池塘建有外明塘，外明塘后为三道御桥。过御桥为正红门，正红门红墙黄瓦，歇山顶式，面阔18米，进深7.8米，有券门三洞。进正红门神道正中毫立着高大的睿功圣德碑亭，平面布局为方形，面阔进深均为18.3米，占地334平方米，汉白玉台基，下设石须弥座，上为重檐歇山顶，四边各开有券门，正中立龙首龟蚨睿功圣德碑。碑亭后63米处设御桥三座。

过桥便是陵区最主要的墓饰建筑，迎面为汉白玉望柱，通高12米，下为方形须弥座，柱身为六棱形，二层束腰云盘托着圆柱形有云龙纹浮雕望柱头。望柱后排列着石像生群、计有狮子、懈貂、卧骆驼、卧象、麒麟、立马、卧马各一对;武将二对，文臣、勋臣各一对，造型生动，排列有序。其后为龙风门，作为石像生的依托，龙风门设计十分精巧，为六柱三门四楼冲天式牌楼，方柱上悬出云版，上覆莲座，莲座上各雕有一尊朝天吼、正身立火焰宝珠，石墩，坊身仿木作设额枋、花板、抱框，上额枋设有门簪，方柱前后夹有抱鼓石，影壁墙下设须弥座，上盖黄色琉璃瓦，整个龙凤门不仅洁白耀眼而且金碧辉煌。

从龙凤门再越御桥便是一条长达290米的神道，该神道一反左右对称和通直的原则，作弯曲龙行状，是为龙形神道。接龙形神道是最后三座御桥。九曲河由东北向西南蜿蜒而过，河道为砖石结构，河中根据高差建有九道拦水坝。过九曲河最后一道御桥为内明塘，内明塘为圆形，直径33米，周边砌有青石护岸。塘两边各设有碑亭一座，分别为“纯德山祭告文”碑亭和“瑞文碑”亭。内明塘后，为祾恩门，面阔三间，进深二间，建有月台，前后三出云龙丹陛，门两边有琉璃影壁，影壁正面为绿色琉璃的蟠枝图案，背面为双龙腾跃，喻意藏龙护生。祾恩门外东侧，建有神厨、神库、宰牲亭等。

西侧建有神宫监，礼生乐户直房等。祾恩门后，左右为配殿，面阔五问，进深二间，前出廊。再后为棱恩殿，歇山后抱厦宫殿式建筑，面阔五间，进深四间。前出月台，石雕须弥座台基，雕栏龙风望柱。祾恩殿后为陵寝门，面阔三间、砖石琉璃结构。陵寝门后为二柱门，现仅存石柱，蹲龙战鼓，木构无存。二柱门后为石五供，现存供案和部分石雕供器。供案两侧各有碑亭一座，分别为御赐祭文碑亭和御赐谥册志文碑亭。供案后是方城明楼，方城面阔、进深皆为22.2米，设券门一道，门前有御道踏跺。门后左右设有御道台阶以供上下。方城上建有明楼，面阔、进深均为17米，重檐歇山顶，石须弥座基础，四道券门。内供“大明睿宗献皇帝之陵”圣号碑，通高4.69米。

方城后左右连接着前后宝城，前宝城呈椭圆形，东西宽112米，南北长125米。宝城内为宝顶，宝顶下为1520_年(正德十五年)所建玄宫。宝城与方城之间建有月牙城，内有琉璃影壁一座。前后宝城由瑶台相连。瑶台为长方形，面阔11.5米，进深40.5米。后宝城为圆形，直径110米。内为宝顶，宝顶下为1539年(嘉靖十八年)所建地下玄宫，玄宫内停放着恭喜献皇帝和皇后棺停。后宝城与瑶台之间建有月牙城，内有琉璃影壁一座。两座宝城上共有向外悬挑的散水螭首16个，设计精巧，为独特的排水系统。陵区外围沿祖山、东西砂山、案山建有显陵卫、东果园、西菜园、更铺及巡山铺等。

明显陵原始建筑和环境风貌保存完好，建筑规模宏大，陵寝结构独特，文化内涵丰厚，堪称中国帝陵的璀璨明珠。

Dear tourists, welcome to Chagan Lake scenic spot in Songyuan. Chagan Lakeis called "Chagannur" in Mongolian, which means white lake. Chagan Hunan is 37kilometers long in the north and 17 kilometers long in the East and West, with atotal water area of 420 square kilometers. It is the largest inland lake inJilin Province. Chagan Lake is rich in natural resources, rich in carp, silvercarp, crucian carp, Wuchang fish and other 15 families of 68 species. In recentyears, the aquatic resources of Chagan Lake, such as shrimps and pearls, havealso been effectively developed, and the beautiful lake shrimps have alreadybeen put on the table of tourists. Chagan Lake has four distinct seasons andrich natural resources, which provides a rare living environment for wild andaquatic animals, making it a paradise for wild animals and a paradise for birds.There are more than 20 kinds of wild animals such as foxes, rabbits and badgers,and more than 80 kinds of rare birds such as pheasants, swans, geese and redcrowned cranes on the lakeside grassland and small islands. In August 20__,Chagan Lake was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council.

Dear tourists, the tourism development of Chagan Lake began in 20__, whichwas approved by the peoples Government of Jilin Province to establish ChaganLake Tourism Economic Development Zone. A series of scenic spots such as Miaoyintemple, Genghis hanzhao and Wangyefu business district have been built,infrastructure such as roads and bridges have been built, amusement projectssuch as Zhuhou lake, water entertainment and winter net fishing have beendeveloped, service facilities such as tourist service, business service, postand telecommunications have been completed, and the original small fishingvillage has been built into a national AAAA tourist attraction and a nationalwater conservancy wind farm scenic spot. Chagan Lake winter fishing is rated asone of Chinas top 100 scenic wonders, known as "ice lake Tengyu", the highestsingle net fishing yield of 168000 kg, which is listed in the Guinness worldrecord. Ten "ice and snow fishing and hunting Cultural Tourism Festival ofChagan Lake, Jilin Province, China" was held, including South Korea, Japan, HongKong, Macao, Chinese Taiwan and other important news media at home and abroad. Duringthe festival, there were competitions in photography, calligraphy and painting,poetry, couplets and fishing. In 20__, "Chagan Lake ice and snow fishing TourismFestival" was rated as "Chinas ten natural ecological Festivals". In addition,the development zone has promoted the production of films and TV plays byparticipating in and assisting in shooting. Films and TV plays such as "holywater lake", "beautiful fields", "Heavens way without deception", "growth" and"Guandong fishing king" have been shot in Chagan Lake. Among them, "holy waterlake" has achieved a sensational effect after being popular on the central andlocal TV stations, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of tourismin Chagan Lake development. Chagan Lake Tourist Resort has formed acomprehensive tourist area with the characteristics of great lake wetland,grassland scenery and Mongolian customs in summer, fishing in winter net anddisplaying the long-standing fishing and hunting culture of Chagan Lake inwinter, integrating sightseeing, entertainment, leisure, vacation, catering,shopping and other functions.

Dear tourist friends, when you travel to Chagan Lake, you have to watch theprocess of ice and snow fishing (winter fishing). The first procedure of wintercapture is "sacrifice to the lake and wake up the net". Before winter fishing inChagan Lake, a sacrificial ceremony is held. The Mongolian girls in full dressoffer dried milk to the fishermen. The Lama hands the offerings one by one tothe fishermans head. The fishermans head places the offerings on the offeringtable in order. Then the nine sticks of incense are put into three incenseburners to light. Then he leads the lamas to circle the offering table, ice caveand ice snow OBO clockwise for three times and recite sutras. After that, thefisherman stood in the middle of the field, took up the wine bowl, raised hishands over his head, and began to recite the words of sacrifice to the lake.

The second procedure is "net fishing". After drinking Zhuangxing wine, withthe fishermans head "on the ice", all the people who participated in the winterfishing jumped into the trawler or plow, three carriages, and more than 60people, and went to work on the ice. At this time, firecrackers were all onfire, and the roar of a carriage, the sound of a fishermans bugle, the sound offirecrackers, the sound of lamas chanting sutras, the sound of horse bells,drums and horns floated on the mysterious surface of Chagan Lake. After the netcar arrives at the net yard, the fishing head determines the position accordingto the bottom appearance and water depth of the lake, and then cuts the firstice hole as the lower net hole, and then hundreds of steps from the lower nethole to both sides to determine the position of the wing flag, and inserts thebig flag (or lamp). The fishing head moves hundreds of steps from the wing flagposition to the front to determine the round beach flag, and then the two roundbeach flags meet hundreds of steps ahead to determine the net Eye, insert thenet flag, the ice planned by these big flags is the net nest. After the fishinghead is inserted into the wing flag, an ice hole is chiseled every 15 metersfrom the bottom mesh of the fishing rod to the wing flag, and then the rod(18-20 meters long thin rod) is pierced under the ice. The rod is pushed to thenext ice hole by the walking hook, and a water line rope is tied at the back endof the rod. The water line rope is followed by a large rope, and the large ropeis followed by a net The wheel twists the big belt to carry the big net forward,followed by the net handle. With the hook, the net can be put under the ice alittle bit, and the lightness and heaviness of the net can be grasped at anytime. Both sides of the net forward to the mesh, the whole net has been put intothe water, at this time, all the fish in the water are surrounded in the net.The next step is to get out of the net. Three horses pull out the net wheel, andthe double side nets are combined by the belt and the hook on the net wheel. Alarge net composed of 96 nets is pulled out at the same time. Three pieces ofeach wing, called a pull, are pulled out 16 times. The first pull no fish, thesecond pull began to fish. Finally, because the net belly is a pocket at theback end of the net, a net belly can hold up to a million kilograms of fish.After fishing the fish in the net belly, pull the net belly out of the ice andload the fish away. The net was loaded on the plow again by the people who beatthe spear, twisted the spear and took the hook. At this point, the winter catchof a net was over.

The lion forest is one of the four classical gardens in suzhou, has been 650 years of history, as the representative of the yuan dynasty garden. Located in suzhou city, jiangsu province city northeastern garden road no. 23, plane into something a bit width rectangle, covers an area of 1.1 hectares, open area of 0.88 hectares. In 1982 was designated as cultural relics protection unit in jiangsu province. Garden rockery throughout, gallery, number crunchers looms, winding path leading to a secluded spot, feel history generally. Are embedded in the walls of the gallerys four big famous song dynasty, su shi, huang tingjian, calligraphy Cai Xiang monuments, and the southern song dynasty wen tianxiang inscriptions of plum blossom poems.

Mountainous southeast, northwest much water, surrounded by high walls deep curtilage, corridor surrounded. Central to the pool as the center, fold mountain building, move the flowers planted wood, bridge pavilion, has dominated layout is compact, rich artistic conception "Zhi foot mountain". Lion grove both suzhou classical garden pavilion, palace, building, hall, hall, porch, gallery of humanities landscape, more to the lake mountain stone, lives deep hole and famous in the world, known as "rockery kingdom". Lion forest lake stone rockery was more and exquisite, lake Shi Linglong, hole lives flowing, twists and turns, such as the history, is regarded as "taoyuan 18 scene". Ceiling mountain peak forest, are like the lion dance. With CDH, spit on, XuanYu, Leon xia peak, lion peak and to the ZhuFeng list. Campus construction is given priority to with YanYu hall, after hall is a lion originally bodhi authentic temple garden, Lin in A.D. 1341, the monk preached day such as Jackson went to suzhou, by his disciples. The following year (the yuan dynasty last emperor shun emperor to is two years), the disciples to buy to buy house for days like phil Jackson to build monasteries. Garden was built in the yuan dynasty to two years (AD 1342), by the day, such as master but the disciple made for in the division, the early name "Lin temple", later renamed "carry authentic temple", "divine grace temple". History, yuan at the end of the monk day if phil Jackson d disciple "at capital contribution, to buy land and house, to the teacher".

Because garden "is bamboo, Lin takes * * ta peak, the more like lion (lion)", and for days such as Jackson should b d well in zhejiang lionrock tome buddhist 27, in memory of the Buddha and the mantle, inherited the relations, take a Leo in the buddhist scriptures, so the name "ShiZiLin", "Lin". Also because the Buddha books with the word "lion roar" (" lion roar "refers to Jackson taught scripture), and many rockery resembling a lion shape and name. But have poetry "lion forest emphasizes the first 14", described the landscape and the life. Park is completed, many of the poet, painter to the zen meditation, as listed in the "lion Lin Jisheng set" of poetry and painting. Day such as master xie, disciple, gradually deserted temple garden.

Ming hongwu six years (AD 1373), 73 - year - old big painter-calligrapher NiZan (yunlin) via suzhou, participated in gardening, painting and acknowledged (with the lion figure Lin), make very famous lion grove, become a buddhist lecture and literati painting chanting songs of the resort. At the beginning of the qing emperor qianlong, temple garden is a private property, from temple temple, involved in the garden, because the park has wukesong tree, so it is also called five pine garden. For pigment comprador businessman bought BeiRunSheng 1917, after nine years of building, expansion, is still a lion grove garden east (for bayesian clan academy, learn and housing).

Ming wanli seventeen years (AD 1589), Ming surname monk begging for alms chang-an yu, rebuild the lion Lin Shengen temple, Buddha hall, thriving scene. To kangxi years, temple, garden, for the father of Huang Xi, hengchow magistrate after Huang Xingzu bought, named "for garden."

On February 11, 1703 AD the qing emperor kangxi tour at this point, given the forehead "lion Lin temple", after the qing emperor qianlong six lion grove, has been given according to the mirror round, "painting of Buddha and existing" really fun "equal plaque. Qing qianlong thirty six years (AD 1771), Huang Xi examination, refinement, reforming courtyard, named "five pine garden". To the middle of the reign of qing emperor guangxu huang family decline, garden have qian Bridges, rockery is still only.

In A.D. 1917, the Shanghai pigment company BeiRunSheng (world famous architect i. m. peis uncle) from civil administration chief Li Zhongyu purchased lion grove, 800000 silver, for nearly seven years of time to repair, add some of the attractions, and dubbed "the lion forest" old name, lion forest canopy Sioux city at one time. BeiRunSheng had prepared to preparations for the opening, but due to the outbreak of the war of resistance. BeiRunSheng died in 1945 AD, the lion by its Sun Beihuan Lin chapter management. After the liberation, bayesian posterity will be donated to the country of suzhou gardens administration over after renovation, open to the public in 1954 AD.

There are words that: the sight of the sea water, the body to penglai is a fairy; Fairyland sea wonderland cannot find, find the fairy.

Distinguished visitors, hello, and welcome to the known as "paradise on earth," said the penglai pavilion to visit tourist. Im the tour guide to service for you, I... .

Penglai pavilion is located in yantai penglai city. Penglais charm lies not only in its heavy historical and cultural accumulation and the diffused scenery, also is that it has a beautiful myths and legends. Shanhaijing and I book the penglai, yingzhou, the abbot three graphically depicts the sacred. Then the king sent explorers were all at sea for mountain; Qin shihuang east tour for medicine; The emperor USES fangxian, etc. According to historical records, penglai to often appear a north sea, the scattered gas, get together and forming, elusive and unpredictable. Those good things to the alchemist in a fantasy magic deduce the legend of three mountain sea mountain, lifelike picture a desirable fairy world, added a few minutes to penglai. Later "ensemble" also to join here, more vivid and attractive, referred to as the "wonderland" is worthy of the name.

Now penglai pavilion scenic area centered on danya mountain, penglai shuicheng hotan hengshan as two wings, is a natural scenery and human landscape and be in harmony an organic whole of sites of scenic spot. Penglai pavilion was built in the northern song dynasty jia on six years (AD 1061), after the song, Ming and qing three generations of constant expansion and renovation, the size of the form now.

Penglai pavilion stands Yu Danya mountain, sea of clouds light wave surrounded by mountains, sea and mountain scenery emerge in endlessly. The grand buildings from the penglai pavilion, the queen of heaven, dragon palace, Lv Zudian, cliffs, MiTuo temple six monomer and its affiliated construction, covers an area of 1.89 square kilometers. Because of penglai pavilion magical sights and grand scale, and the yellow crane tower, yueyang tower, tengwang pavilion and referred to as the "four famous towers in China". Pavilion literati in calligraphy, couplets and inscriptions, abound. Published in 1982 by the state council as the national key cultural relics protection unit. On December 24, 20xx penglai pavilion scenic area as the first national 5 a-class tourist scenic spot.

Said ok, we have to penglai pavilion, now, let us together along the old imperial fairy found footprints, walk into fairyland to meetthe you immortal!

We have now come to the front of penglai pavilion, look at "the world penglai", this is the four pillars to the type of single eaves coloured drawing or pattern, frontal subject "human penglai" four characters, and for the script of su dongpo. Inside and outside the pillar were inscribed on both sides of the artist liu haisu topic "penglai pavilion, amazing spectacular momentum XiongJun danya mountain" and bother me inscribed "danya Joan pavilion is at large, blue fairy if mind leap" couplets, reveal the arched gate of fairyland, visitors can start immortal tour.

See next is MiTuo temple, was built in the tang dynasty, this is the only buddhist temples to penglai pavilion scenic. Inside the main hall of worship is three SAN eighteen arhats in the west. Is in the middle of amitabha, the left is the avalokitesvara, is on the right is a general trend to bodhisattva.

What we see now is "danya wonderland" fang, fang forehead "danya wonderland" four word was written by dong to mention. Into the wonderland of natural psychic ability, now you see visions. Manifestations of the gate we went west to the dragon palace. Dragon palace QianDian inside to worship the dragon king of the two generals gatekeepers, east to dinghai, general west for general jing hai. Walked into the dragon kings throne room, sitting among the east China sea dragon king AoGuang. The east stand were patrolling the sea hag, clairvoyance, tripterygium wilfordii and electricity. On the west side of the catch fish lang, clairaudient, wind and the rain god.

To move forward, we have entered the temple QianDian, first of all, you can see on the wall there is a word, you know not to know what a word is this? , "shou" word, just the life of word and ordinary life of words is different, it is by the five dynasties bodhi old zu Chen tuan book, it is made up of three words, are "rich", "Mr", "Lin" form a "shou" word, means to tell us: to be rich, if you want to live longer, have to a variety of trees.

Further on we came to the throne room, you can see, in the middle of sacrifice this is days empress, she in fujian and Chinese Taiwan area was known as the "mazu", her name is called Lin Mo, fujian putian person, wont cry when it is said that she had just been born, so her parents gave her a name called Lin Monian, she is very smart, at the age of five will chant, at the age of twelve to maritime induction very efficacious, so she often helps fishermen had at the seaside again and again to the perils of the sea, unfortunately she was twenty-eight years old that year were lost at sea, in memory of her people, by the sea built temples to worship her. It is said that she was very efficacious, soft touch, so this is the place where the penglai pavilion, incense is the most exuberant.

To move forward in our left hand side is the "blue sea steps" sharpening. "Educational spirit of the" four word is written by Mr Feng yuxiang. So why did he write down here "educational spirit of the" four word? It is said that after the 918 incident in 1931, Japan began to large-scale invasion, Chiang kai-shek, not only not advocating anti-japanese, but also the civil war, feng yuxiang is compelling, Chiang kai-shek cant take part in the anti-japanese, mood is very low. Another patriotic general in the kuomintang Li Liejun feng yuxiang in 1934 May invite to visit penglai, discuss the anti-japanese, then wrote a couplet Li Liejun, top allied is: if our stone, the same steps helped himself; Allied is: jiangshan picturesque, all by hand to hand, holding things around. Feng yuxiang let out a horizontal batch, the feng yuxiang then start to write down the "blue sea steps" these four words, later generations to commemorate him, just four words engraved on it to here.

We look this way again, this is the main body construction "penglai pavilion", it with the yueyang tower, yellow crane tower and tengwang pavilion And called Chinas four famous towers. It was built Song Jiayou six years, "penglai pavilion" three word above is by the qing dynasty calligrapher TieBao book. Now on the first floor is some penglai scenery photo exhibition, the second floor of the eight immortals drunk wax.

Through the penglai pavilion, come back.

Shelter pavilion, formerly known as a pavilion, built in zhengde eight years (1513) magistrate yan t l. application building. Pavilion wall engraved stone 25 square, one of the Ming dynasty yuan can force the concept of a poem, dong qichang allograph, warm jade sharpening, motorcycling, as into a quiet said. Another ShiRunZhang, Kong Jisu script in the qing dynasty, is a very precious calligraphy. But I want to say the magic blurred was not here, but the shelter pavilion buildings stand on a mountain, facing the sea, but no matter what kind of wind blowing, you in the booth in the lighting a candle, the flame will still. Friend, dont you think its mysterious?

Now let me tell you the secret, from the north side of the pavilion is a brick walls, the walls to halfway up the pavilion, the walls of the city and an arc. So when the north wind blow to the curved walls, formed a strong airflow, rising sharply. Flying over the roof, to the south, booth in then there is no wind. Plus what pavilion south three sides is a wall, only the north have doors and Windows, air convection. So, despite the wind roar, doors and Windows wide open, booth in silk still, but wind candles not jing.

Continue to go to the east is lie on display. It is su shi "a poem today", "book after wu daoxuan painting" banner named tablet. The front of the monument is cursive "book after wu daoxuan painting", is a regular script on the back of the projects the poem ". Small at the back of the words in front of the inscriptions is big, we all know that su shi is like drinking poems, tribute wine when it is becoming more and more bold. After experts identified this is su shis original. Side and the qing dynasty Gong Bao antithetical couplet of "mirage mirage, loyal son namely fairy" that is the fairy wonderland is unreal unreal, only faithful to the country, the man is really a filial daughter of the gods.

To move forward we came to the su gong tie is the temple, to commemorate su dongpo su gong tie is shrine was built. This is su dongpo among image sharpening calligraphy, the original six let temple in guangzhou. He has worked in in 5 year. But save in this short five days made two good thing for the people of penglai. One is to build coastal defence, the other is reduction the salt tax of the people. In penglai folk have circulated su gong tie is "knowledge in five days, one thousand temple" 美谈.

This is called bing, floor, say again your back floor, stair climb, vision, and make a great place for the sunrise. The dance epic "the east is red" big history, has been chosen as a background, the film at the beginning of the picture of the sunrise is taken here.

Landmark is beside penglai pavilion shining floor, we saw from the mountain is the highest building in it. In the past is indicates the lighthouse beacon.

Standing here we see the penglai shuicheng, another name for city. Is the first port in ancient China, the portal of the east. Since the han dynasty was listed as a military town. Song Qingli for two years, when driving a ship called water-forces "saury ships", the walled city is called "saury village". Ming hongwu nine years, the Ming government in order to prevent the enemys attack, as saury village built on the basis of the wharf, formed the shuicheng prototype today. City have two doors, the north is called the watergate, is the throat of in and out of the sea. South gate called powersun door, and land are interlinked. This is also where practice qi jiguang wenhuan.

Now the house is in front of us is Lv Zudian, Lv Zu is lu dongbin, pavilion with lu dongbin like stone. Go ahead cliffs, enshrined in Taoism, is considered the father of the three, they are pure spi Buddha, too clear moral Buddha, jade qing yuan Buddha.

Further on, we came to the last penglai pavilion scenic spot - the cloud palace. Legend has it baiyun palace is a place where they have himself. In "goddess marriage", they have a lyrics, "my family live in penglai village". Hand-woven cloth in penglai village, of course, is dedicated in Asgard, so, out of the clouds of palace, even if returned to the earth.

Ok, above is the penglai pavilion are the main attractions, you can now take pictures photos, after 15 minutes, in this collection we get in the car and went to the next attraction.

Lanzhou is the only city in the Yellow River basin where the Yellow Riverpasses through the city. The city is close to mountains and rivers, and themountains are still, forming a unique urban landscape. In order to highlight thecharacteristics of a city with mountains and waters, the comprehensivedevelopment project of the north and South Mountains environmental greening andthe Yellow River style tourism line is being accelerated. The construction ofroads and bridges on both sides of the urban section of the Yellow River, theconstruction and reinforcement of river embankments, the dredging of shippingrivers, the development of tourist attractions, the style of urban architectureand the greening, beautification and lighting are integrated, and the Silk Roadculture, the Yellow River culture and the national culture are integrated Its acollection.

The Yellow River not only nurtures the people of Lanzhou, but also bringsrich specialties here. Melons and fruits such as brandy melon, soft pear,Dongguo pear and peach are well-known for a long time. Local products such aslily, black melon seeds, rose, bracken and hookah are well-known at home andabroad, making Lanzhou a famous melon and fruit city at home and abroad.

Lanzhou is an important town on the ancient Silk Road. As early as 5000years ago, human beings lived here. In the Western Han Dynasty, the countygovernment was established, which was named Jincheng by the meaning of "JinchengTangchi". At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, it was changed into the generalmanagers office of Lanzhou, which was called Lanzhou. The ancient Silk Road hasalso left many places of interest and splendid culture here, attracting a largenumber of Chinese and foreign tourists to come for sightseeing and tourism,making Lanzhou the center of the Silk Road grand tourist area, which spans 20__kilometers and connects Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Tianshui Maiji Mountain,Yongjing Bingling temple, Xiahe Labrang temple and other famous scenicspots.