凤凰水仙多少钱一盒茶境界【最新20篇】

漫步在江边，各种色彩绚丽的灯光成了这个夜的主角，古城仿佛变成了“夜凤凰”。沱边两边商辅云立，形式多样，酒吧，珠宝店，小吃店......充满商业气息，吸引着人们的目光。这一幢幢青瓦木楼的商辅紧紧依偎，好像在向你述说近百年来小小古城的富庶繁华，向人们展示着批朴小城的无限韵味。

我走在岁月痕迹的青石板路上，看着清澈的沱江水穿梭于一座座石板桥下，在五光十色的灯海里跳跃，潺潺地谱写成一曲和诸乐章。江面上的小小敞篷船来来往往，悠您徐徐地在浮动。船上带着红色的灯火和桥面灯光倒影层层叠，点缀江面。还有江边两岸吊脚楼的倒影，屋上五颜六色霞虹灯的倒影，远处北岸通体透亮的万名塔，轮毕现的虹桥风雨棱都遥相辉映，古城的夜啊，宛若美丽妙的梦境，融入其中，诗情画意......

远处若隐若现的古城墙，有东、北两座城楼，夜幕下，更显成严。它久经沧桑，却依然社观。正是它近百年的守护，凤皇这座古域オ会那么神秘而风情万种。

古城犹如一幅美丽的风情画卷，带着款款深情，将永驻在我的记忆中。

夜已深，不要怪我太贪这夜色，只怨凤凰的夜实在太迷人!

This was New Zealand writer Louis rewi alley as one of the most beautiful city of China "the ancient city of phoenix" built in the qing emperor kangxi, the "xiangxi pearl" is worthy of the name "small", small to only one decent thing street in the city, yet it is a green corridor.

The ancient city of phoenix is divided into two, old and new city, old city mountain, QingJian through the city of tuojiang river built of red sandstone walls stood on the shore, south of huashan lining the ancient towers, tower or clear

The years, rusty iron gate, also could see the terrible. Beicheng door wide across a narrow bridge on the river, with stone as the pier, the two are opposite side, this was the only way out of town.

Setting sun west bottom, bridge aggre ors side a lot of laundry, the woman is a mallet sound fills with water ripples. Urchin to take off a tree and play in the water, the body also has a girl in the shallows enjoy running water gently caress. The shore more students with many sketches, also added a scenery for town.

The ancient city of phoenix is the most famous, rich rich charm tujia diaojiao building blocks of antique, but river diaojiao building has gone mostly, only in the longtan there still left more than 10, not only between thin foot timber stand in the river alone, lift a heavy history.

Shen cong-wens former residence is located in the ancient city of slabs which camp street in deep alley, a total of two into sta, quite like the small courtyard house in Beijing, the former residence is brick joisted, park white walls, wooden division beautiful window. After the wind and rain bridge, east side door, the road is hurrying to carry a load of the villagers, house, carry a load of villagers and umbrella, forming a contrast of the picture.

Like shen congwen fairy to already, the ancient city of phoenix is not a complete ink painters picture scroll, but you still can come from a local feel the charm of her in a flash. The ancient city of phoenix is also suitable for one or two people in a light rain weather in the old town street, alley, riverside walk slowly, carefully to taste it once had in the past.

这里与吉首的德夯苗寨，永顺的猛洞河，贵州的梵净山相毗邻，是怀化、吉首、贵州铜仁三地之间的必经之路。209国道和湘黔省道从县境穿_过，铜仁大兴机场距县城仅27公里，交通便利。凤凰风景秀丽，历史悠久，名胜古迹甚多。城内，古代城楼、明清古院风采依然，古老朴实的沱江静静地流淌，城外有南华山国家森林公园，城下艺术宫殿奇梁洞，建于唐代的黄丝桥古城，举世瞩目的南方长城……这里不仅风景优美，且地杰人灵，名贤辈出。

美丽的小城凤凰山城，位于沱江之畔，群山环抱，关隘雄奇。碧绿的江水从古老的城墙下蜿蜒而过，叠翠的南华山麓倒映江心。江中渔船数点，山间暮鼓晨钟兼鸣，悬崖上的吊脚楼轻烟袅袅，码头边的浣纱姑笑声郎郎，……啊!凤凰犹如"一副浓墨浅彩的中国山水画".当你徜徉古城用条石砌成的岩板街时，两边的古建筑各抱地势，鳞次栉比，亭台楼阁重重叠叠，如巨龙飞舞，似鳌鱼展翅。细雨声中，仿佛传来进香人的牛皮钉鞋敲击街面，发出"叮叮"的响声，使人产生隔世之感。

沈从文故居位于南中营街，是一座典型的南方四合古院。古院正中有小天井，用红石方石板铺成。天井四周为砖木结构的古屋，正屋三间，厢房四间，共十余间。房屋矮小，虽无雕龙画凤，但显得小巧别致，古色古香。特别是雕花的木窗带有湘西特色，格外引人注目。

1902年12月28日，沈从文就诞生在这里。他的童年就是在这里度过的。故居历时一百多年，是沈从文祖父沈宏富手上置办的。由于历史演变，几经易主，为了表示对沈从文老人的崇敬之情，学习他勤学自励，艰苦笔耕，对国家文学事业的卓越贡献的自学精神，激励后人。1988年县人民政府决定购回此屋，重新整修。并带图样赴京送沈从文审定。沈从文带病接见，对图样提出意见，并说："房子烂了，修一下也好，但要将就修上，不要花很多钱，家乡还很穷，要尽量节约".

经过整修，使这百年古院再现原貌。现门上挂有"沈从文旧居"匾额。右边一室，是沈从文生平的照片，二室是沈从文书稿手迹，左边厢房陈列各种版本的从文著作。正屋中堂挂着沈从文的素描画像。左边房是卧室，是沈从文出生的地方。右边房陈列着大理石桌面的书桌等物。

熊希龄故居位于凤凰古城北文星街内的一个小巷里，故居往东200米便是秀丽的沱江。故居为四合院系南方古式的木瓦结构，比较矮小但很精致，故居现存房屋4间基本是保持原貌，很富于苗族情调，为县重点文物保护单位。民国6年(1917)夏秋之际京津一带水灾严重，他负责督办水灾河工善后事宜，并主持募捐，救济灾民。民国七年(1918)，得政府同意，将香山静宜园改建为慈幼院，收养教育受灾流浪儿童。他自己掌管一切院务，时20_年之久。他有一首诗写道：

万树桃花手自栽，病中犹为看花来。

儿童月与花俱长，各自拈花笑一回。

杨家祠堂始建于道光20x年(1836年)，木结构四合院，上下两层，占地770平方米，由大门、戏台、过厅、廊房、正厅组成，呈长方形。戏台为单檐歇山顶，檐下饰如意斗拱，高16米，四根台柱雕龙刻凤，戏台为穿斗式，正殿为抬梁式，整个建筑做工精细，极富民族特色，属县重点文物保护单位。

杨家祠堂座落在县城东北部的古城墙边。太子少保、果勇侯、镇竿总兵杨芳捐资修建于清道光十六年(1836年)。祠堂由大门、戏台、过亭、廊房、正厅、厢房组成，是典型的四合院建筑，占地770平方米。戏台为单檐歇山顶，穿斗式结构，高16米，面阔7米，进深8米;檐下如玉斗拱，台柱雕龙刻凤。正殿为抬梁式建筑，山墙为猫背拱，分为一明二暗三间。两边配有厢房。杨家祠堂设计精巧，做工精细。窗户、门、檐饰件均糸镂空雕花，整体建筑具有鲜明的民族特色和很高的建筑艺术价值。

中国南部长城位于湘黔边区，上自贵州铜仁，下至湖南保靖，全长380余里，建于明朝万历43年(公园1615)，几经续修后于清朝嘉靖年间定型，其碉堡墙一般高2.3米，基宽1.7米，顶宽1米，墙体大都就地取材用石块，页岩砌成。中间填以乱石和泥土，绕山跨涧，曲折蜿蜒，大部分建在险峻的山岭上，沿途建有1232座用于屯兵御用的汛堡、屯卡、哨台、碉堡、炮台、关厢、关门及无数用石块垒成的兵房，当时一般驻防军队8000人左右，如今的一些地名如阿拉营、天星营、黄合营、王坡屯营、得胜营、乾石营、振武营、牛斗营等带营字的地方都是长城边上的驻军要点。

优秀党员材料：我的大学人生三境界

个人简介：李思瑾，09级人力2班学生，中共预备党员，现任班级学习委员、心理委员。

个人格言：谨而行之，行而谨之。

个人获奖情况：1、xx年12月荣获广州康大职业技术学院二等奖学金

2、xx年6月荣获广州康大职业技术学院“优秀团员”荣誉称号

3、xx年11月荣获全国第六次人口普查“优秀实习生”荣誉称号

4、xx年4月荣获广东省南粤杯网上征文大赛优秀奖

5、xx年10月荣获广州康大职业技术学院管理系“歌唱祖国”演讲比赛三等奖

6、xx年1月考取全国高等学校非计算机专业证

时间过得真快，不知不觉在康大生活了两年。时间的流失让我想起了诗人崔护的《题都城南庄》：去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。我就是那桃花，依然带着微笑。不见得是我的忧愁与烦恼，时间就是在不经意中流进的。大学生活让我成长成才。

大学已然过半，如今已是大二了。再想想大一，陌生的环境，陌生的校道，陌生的建筑，陌生的人，这些个陌生现在已深深可在我的心里，成为了我永久的的记忆。

昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路。这是我的我大学人生的第一境界。做学问成大事业者，首先要有执着的追求，登高望远，瞰察路径，明确目标与方向，了解事物的概貌。在康大的孕育下，我完成了我大学的第一阶段，我了解到了我的目标是什么。我希望能够找到一份好的工作，找到好工作的根本前提是必须勤奋努力的学习，学好自己的专业知识，让实践与理论相结合。我没有忘记我对父母的承诺：做个好学生。我一直勤奋努力学习，上课认真听讲，积极配合老师的教学工作。我利用课余时间报读自学本科，给自己的专业知识升级。我的专业是人力资源管理，一句话概述我的专业如何利用现有的人力资源达到最好的效果也就是资源的有效配置。凭着这样的合理分配和自己的努力，在每次期末考试中取得优异成绩，并且获得了学院二等奖学金。作为学生干部，我无时无刻地提醒自己要：业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。事业或学业的成功在于奋发努力，勤奋进取。太贪玩，放松要求便只会导致失败。无论是管理系学习部的干事，还是管理系09级人力2班的学习委员，我都兢兢业业，认真的完成老师交代的每件事情，得到任课老师和辅导员的认可和称赞，并且在“五四评优”中荣获优秀团员称号。

衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。这是我大学人生第二境界。成大事业、大学问者，不是轻而易举，随便可得，必须坚定不移，经过一番辛勤劳动，废寝忘食，孜孜不倦，直至人瘦带宽也不后悔。做什么事都不能半途而废，三分钟热度。那是不可能成功的。只是坚持是不够的，你还要不懈。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，事方可成。在xx年10月我递交了我的入党申请书，同年我幸运的上了党校。在上课期间，我深刻了解到中国共产党是一个先进的党，是一个全心全意为人民服务的党。从那以后，我立志要做一位优秀的党员。党员的要求非常高，所以困难时非常大的。我面对艰巨的任务，我没有因此而放弃。我时刻以一名党员的要求自己，要求自己在不断加强自身素养的同时，做好各项工作，全心全意为同学服务。就是这样的年年岁岁的坚持，经过自己的一番努力，在xx年我成为了一名预备党员。

众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。这是我大学人生的第三境界也是我大学的最高境界。做学问，成就事业者，要达到第三境界，必须有专注的精神，反复追寻、研究，下足功夫，自然会豁然贯通，有所发现，有所发明。做到第三境界实在太难了，现在还是进行时。不知道能否做到，但我相信“持之以恒，善始善终”，也相信“笨鸟先飞早入林，笨人勤学早成材”这句话。对我的专业知识在上个学期得到了升华。上学期我进行第六次人口普查实习，在人口普查期间我充分利用自身专业知识课程《管理沟通》，与居民进行充分的沟通，让普查工作得以简单化、轻松化。我还运用了pdca的工作模式，所谓pdca就是我们进行五个步骤：计划—实施—评价—反馈—目标升级。经过pdca的工作模式，大大提高我们普查的效率。我们学过的知识要学以致用，精益求精，反复研究，达到融会贯通的境界。通过这次实习，是我充分运用我的专业知识，活学活用。最后我的努力有了收获，荣获优秀实习生称号。

共2页，当前第1页12

Dear judges, dear students, good evening. I would like to ask if you have aplace that you cant dream of. If so, please keep it. If not, please look here.The ancient city of Phoenix will be the paradise you dream of returning to yourhometown. Im your tour guide

Fenghuang ancient city is a national historical and cultural ancient city.It was once praised as one of the most beautiful small cities in China by thefamous New Zealand writer Louis Ailey. So where does it get its name?

There are two legends about him: 1. It is said that Phoenix, the god birdof the kingdom of Heaven (ancient India), set himself on fire after he was 500years old. Resurrected from the ashes, delicious, no longer dead. This bird isPhoenix, the king of birds in China. There is a mountain in the southwest ofFenghuang, which looks like a flying phoenix. Therefore, Fenghuang ancient cityis named after it.

2 Wutong also has a beautiful legend: according to legend, there were fivehuge Indus trees in the ancient times, representing five directions in thesoutheast and Northwest China. These Wutong trees once ushered in Phoenixhabitat.

Dear tourists, which statement do you agree with? Anyway, Phoenix is abeautiful name.

Fenghuang ancient city is located in the southwest of Hunan Province,belonging to the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Western Hunan Province.It is located on the Bank of Tuojiang River, surrounded by mountains andmagnificent passes. The total area is 1759 square kilometers. Its warm inwinter and cool in summer, rich in light and four distinct seasons. Its a goodplace for tourism. Of course, the beauty of Phoenix is not only due to itsclimate.

Next, Id like to introduce my dream back to my hometown, phoenix ancientcity, from three aspects.

Beautiful scenery of Phoenix

The beauty of Phoenix

The custom beauty of Phoenix

First of all, one of the beautiful scenery - Tuojiang River

The green river meanders under the ancient city wall. It is the TuojiangRiver. The water of Tuojiang River is clear, and the water flow is gentle. Youcan see the water plants in the soft waves, gently, supporting a long pole.

The emerald foothills of Nanhua mountain reflect the center of the river,fishing boats count in the river, and the evening drum and morning bell sound inthe mountains. Down the river, across the Hongqiao, a picture of Jiangnan WaterVillage will be displayed in front of you. The slender stilted buildings, theLongevity Palace, the ten thousand pagodas, and the duocui tower are like alandscape that never comes back.

The water is gentle, so the city is so rigid, the second beautiful scenery- the southern Great Wall. Most of the southern Great Wall is located in XiangxiTujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province. It was built in the 33rdyear of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. With a total length of 382 Li, it is one of thelargest ancient buildings in Chinese history. It is known as the Wanli wall inmiaojiang. His aim was to prevent the Miao people from uprising. The ruins ofthe South Great Wall tell us the vicissitudes of hundreds of years of wind andrain, the desolation of the first tomb, and the promise when we stick to it. Itseems that it takes us into an old dream, in which there are wolf smoke, hornhorn horn, Luo Ming and sad homesick flute...

Said the south, that naturally thought of the north. The third scenic spotis located in Qiliang cave in sifangli, north of the county.. In the words ofscience, this cave is a standard carbonate cave, which is famous for its fourcharacteristics: strange, beautiful, broad and quiet. "Mo Yan is the mostbeautiful scenery in China, while the Seven Star reed and grass are inferior,"which can be called the Pearl of cave scenery. The cave is more than 6000 meterslong. There are mountains in the cave. There are caves in the mountains. Thecaves are connected. There is a hall in the cave. There is a stone with a smallhole, whistling against the small hole. The whole hall resounds with the soundof trumpets. In those days, Miao people used this way to send orders.

After seeing so many beautiful sceneries, do you have the feeling ofdreaming back to your hometown? The beautiful sceneries of Phoenix are endless.Phoenix is not only a place with beautiful scenery, but also a place wherepeople are outstanding and famous. The people of Phoenix are beautiful,including Zheng Guohong, the famous anti British general, Shen Congwen, thegreat literary master, Xiong Xiling, the Prime Minister of the Republic ofChina, Huang Yongyu, the master of traditional Chinese painting, song Zuying,the famous singer, he long, the founding marshal, etc.

Of course, Shen Congwens former residence, Xiong Xilings former residenceand Chens ancestral hall are also worth visiting.

You must be tired after all that walking. Go to a bar for a while. Even ifyou never go to a bar, you will be attracted by their names. Every bar has aromantic name: watchman, base area, etc. outside the bar are rows of winebottles. Its no fun just drinking. Fenghuangs snacks are also famous. Thebraised meat powder in the old house under Fenghuang Hongqiao, Furong Town ricetofu and yebaba will make your mouth water. After eating and drinking, you canenjoy the beautiful night scene, the night market or the bonfire. Or put 2stacks of river lights, with your wishes drifting away, you can also think ofthings.

Do you wish to go to Fenghuang ancient city.

朋友们!现在我们开始游览黄丝桥古城。

黄丝桥古城位于县城正西24公里处，古称渭阳城，始建于唐垂拱二年(公元686年)，距今已有1300多年的历史。清康熙三十九年(1720xx年)，朝廷为了安抚和镇压少数民族，这里设立了凤凰直隶厅和沅永靖兵备道。乾隆五十九年(1794年)，这里爆发了历史上最大的苗民起义，从此清朝走向末落。黄丝桥古城属南方长城的一部分，是苗汉相争的前沿阵地。

古城座西朝东是一座青石结构的石头城，城墙所用石料皆采用石灰岩的青光巨石，最大的约重20xx斤，小的也有1000余斤，石面平整，工艺讲究。

城墙周长686米，东西长153米，南北长190米，总面积29070平方米，城墙高5.6米，厚2.9米，城墙上走道宽2.4米可以跑马，大小箭垛300个，开东、西、北三门。1983年10月黄丝桥古城被列为省级重点文物保护单位。

朋友们，黄丝桥古城旅游到此结束!我们继续前往下一个景点参观。

黄丝桥古城是国内至今保存最好的一座城堡，黄丝桥古城不大，东西长150米，南北长230米。黄丝桥古城始建于唐垂拱三年(公元687年)，古为屯兵之所，黄丝桥古城是历代统治者防止西部苗民生衅的前哨阵地。

昔日伏波将军马援及威震西藏的福康安均命丧于此，而苗民们也被迫深入大山人口剧减。黄丝桥古城系青石结构建筑，城墙高5.6米，厚2.9米，宽2.4米，占地面积2900平方米，筑黄丝桥古城所用石料皆石灰岩的青光石，小的也有1000余斤。砌筑时以糯米稀饭拌合石灰为砌浆灌缝，使数百米城墙，浑然一体，坚固牢实。黄丝桥古城开有三个城门，分别为“和育门”、“实城门”、“日光门”，均建有十余米高的清式建筑格局的高大城楼，三个城楼的屋顶均为歇山式，下层覆盖以腰檐，上布小青瓦，飞檐翘角，分外壮观。

黄丝桥古城墙上部为锯凿形状，箭垜300个，还有两座外突的炮台。 登上古城头，极目四野，见良田千顷，绿水迂回;斜阳夕照里，炊烟缕缕，一派田园诗韵。若不是黄丝桥古城墙上古旧的箭垜和炮台。谁还会想到，这里曾是西通云贵要塞，刀戟搏击之地呢?

凤凰古城——国家历史文化名城，曾被新西兰著名作家路易艾黎称赞为中国最美丽的小城之一。这里与吉首的德夯苗寨，永顺的猛洞河，贵州的梵净山相毗邻，是怀化、吉首、贵州铜仁三地之间的必经之路。

209国道和湘黔省道从县境穿*过，铜仁大兴机场距县城仅27公里，交通便利.凤凰风景秀丽，历史悠久，名胜古迹甚多。城内，古代城楼、明清古院风采依然，古老朴实的沱江静静地流淌，城外有南华山国家森林公园，城下艺术宫殿奇梁洞，建于唐代的黄丝桥古城，举世瞩目的南方长城

……这里不仅风景优美，且地杰人灵，名贤辈出。

美丽的小城凤凰山城，位于沱江之畔，群山环抱，关隘雄奇。碧绿的江水从古老的城墙下蜿蜒而过，叠翠的南华山麓倒映江心。江中渔船数点，山间暮鼓晨钟兼鸣，悬崖上的吊脚楼轻烟袅袅，码头边的浣纱姑笑声郎郎，……啊!凤凰犹如“一副浓墨浅彩的中国山水画”。当你徜徉古城用条石砌成的岩板街时，两边的古建筑各抱地势，鳞次栉比，亭台楼阁重重叠叠，如巨龙飞舞，似鳌鱼展翅。细雨声中，仿佛传来进香人的牛皮钉鞋敲击街面，发出“叮叮”的响声，使人产生隔世之感.

沈从文故居位于南中营街，是一座典型的南方四合古院。古院正中有小天井，用红石方石板铺成。天井四周为砖木结构的古屋，正屋三间，厢房四间，共十余间。房屋矮小，虽无雕龙画凤，但显得小巧别致，古色古香。特别是雕花的木窗带有湘西特色，格外引人注目。

1920xx年12月28日，沈从文就诞生在这里。他的童年就是在这里度过的。故居历时一百多年，是沈从文祖父沈宏富手上置办的。由于历史演变，几经易主，为了表示对沈从文老人的崇敬之情，学习他勤学自励，艰苦笔耕，对国家文学事业的卓越贡献的自学精神，激励后人。1988年县人民政府决定购回此屋，重新整修。并带图样赴京送沈从文审定。沈从文带病接见，对图样提出意见，并说：“房子烂了，修一下也好，但要将就修上，不要花很多钱，家乡还很穷，要尽量节约”。

经过整修，使这百年古院再现原貌。现门上挂有“沈从文旧居”匾额。右边一室，是沈从文生平的照片，二室是沈从文书稿手迹，左边厢房陈列各种版本的从文著作。正屋中堂挂着沈从文的素描画像。左边房是卧室，是沈从文出生的地方。右边房陈列着大理石桌面的书桌等物。

熊希龄故居位于凤凰古城北文星街内的一个小巷里，故居往东200米便是秀

丽的沱江。故居为四合院系南方古式的木瓦结构，比较矮小但很精致，故居现存房屋4间基本是保持原貌，很富于苗族情调，为县重点文物保护单位。民国6年(1917)夏秋之际京津一带水灾严重，他负责督办水灾河工善后事宜，并主持募捐，救济灾民。民国七年(1918)，得政府同意，将香山静宜园改建为慈幼院，收养教育受灾流浪儿童。他自己掌管一切院务，时20xx年之久。

他有一首诗写道：

万树桃花手自栽，病中犹为看花来。

儿童月与花俱长，各自拈花笑一回。

杨家祠堂始建于道光20xx年(1836年)，木结构四合院，上下两层，占地770

平方米，由大门、戏台、过厅、廊房、正厅组成，呈长方形。戏台为单檐歇山顶，檐下饰如意斗拱，高16米，四根台柱雕龙刻凤，戏台为穿斗式，正殿为抬梁式，整个建筑做工精细，极富民族特色，属县重点文物保护单位。

杨家祠堂座落在县城东北部的古城墙边。太子少保、果勇侯、镇竿总兵杨芳捐资修建于清道光十六年(1836年)。祠堂由大门、戏台、过亭、廊房、正厅、厢房组成，是典型的四合院建筑，占地770平方米。戏台为单檐歇山顶，穿斗式结构，高16米，面阔7米，进深8米;檐下如玉斗拱，台柱雕龙刻凤。正殿为抬梁式建筑，山墙为猫背拱，分为一明二暗三间。两边配有厢房。杨家祠堂设计精巧，做工精细。窗户、门、檐饰件均糸镂空雕花，整体建筑具有鲜明的民族特色和很高的建筑艺术价值。

中国南部长城位于湘黔边区，上自贵州铜仁，下至湖南保靖，全长380余里，建于明朝万历

43年(公园1615)，几经续修后于清朝嘉靖年间定型，其碉堡墙一般高2.3米，基宽1.7米,顶宽1米，墙体大都就地取材用石块，页岩砌成。中间填以乱石和泥土，绕山跨涧，曲折蜿蜒,大部分建在险峻的山岭上，沿途建有1232

座用于屯兵御用的汛堡、屯卡、哨台、碉堡、炮台、关厢、关门及无数用石块垒成的兵房，当时一般驻防军队8000人左右，如今的一些地名如阿拉营、天星营、黄合营、王坡屯营、得胜营、乾石营、振武营、

牛斗营等带营字的地方都是长城边上的驻军要点。

“ 为了您，这座古城已经等了千年!”为了千年等一回，我们将要去凤凰，寻找那活了千年的生命，和死去千年的标本。凤凰地处湘西这个边陲小镇。始建于明朝嘉靖年间。自古以来就是一个兵城，也是一个商城。走进凤凰，每一扇窗户上都有一扇顾盼流芳的眼睛，每一块石板上都有情侣的倩影。每一条小河边都有苗家姑娘洗衣棒锤在石板上带着节奏的混响，还有那婉转悠扬的歌声。

说到凤凰，我不能不说苗族。苗族可以说是中国迁徙最频繁的民族，无数次的迁徙留下了一部悲壮而又苦难的历史。虽然是第一个发明水稻种植技术的民族，但是聪明的苗族人也没能改变战败迁徙的命运。他们用生命和鲜血谱写了历史，用智慧和坚韧传承了文明。逐鹿之战估计大家都听说过，这就是讲的皇帝无数次被苗族打败以后联络了炎帝反败为胜，打败苗族，逼着我们的领袖蚩尤带着我们迁徙到这大山深处，万山丛中。为了生存，我们采集野果野草，像蒿草粑粑，到现在还是我们餐桌上的食物。为了顺应自然，在这潮湿的大山深处繁衍生息。我们吃生姜驱寒，所以姜糖成了我们的喜糖。为了战胜自然，我们彰显力量，在每一年的锥牛节上，男人杀死最厉害的公牛。女人们敲下牛角做成梳子别在自己的头上。向世人炫耀男人的战利品。为了填饱肚子，我们尝遍野果，把银子做成了餐具。来甄别哪些东西有毒。

大家知道我们苗族人的身份证最早是用什么材质做的吗?你们看过血色湘西吗?我告诉你们：不是纸做的，更不是塑料做的。而是银子做的。自古以来，苗族人就是最骁勇善战的民族，虽然跟朝廷的战争无休无止。但是每一次面对国家尊严和民族大义的时候，苗族人都冲锋陷阵、血染疆场。远的不说，湘军中最能打硬仗的就是竿子军，竿子就是指湘西的土家族和苗族人。所以凤凰以前称为镇竿镇。再就是日本人占领长沙、常德的时候，又是湘西的竿子军用土土炮和血肉之躯筑起了一道钢铁长城，保卫了家园，捍卫了湘西这块弹丸之地。每一次战争的胜利都是鲜血染红的战场。湘西人对于故土，有着一般人无法理解的眷恋。就如沈从文的碑文：一个战士要不战死沙场，要不回到故乡。客死他乡的英雄们无法尸体还乡，无法魂归故里。有的甚至都认不出模样。他们甚至是带不回只言片语的遗言。活着回来的人无法面对老人期盼的眼睛，无法面对妻子望眼欲穿的守望，更无法给孩子们一个合理的解释。他们只能摘下那只象征着他们身份的耳环。一包包的耳环就是一个个鲜活的生命啊。亲人们接过自己家的耳环，供奉在祖宗的牌位上。告诉他们的后人，他们的祖宗不是孬种。

大家知道我们为什么要戴吉祥鼓吗?难道仅仅就是吉祥如意吗?不，任何东西的存在一定有它的原因。最早苗族人为了生存，为了驱逐野兽发明了鼓。好不容易在这蛮夷之地生存下来。战争却不期而至。让我们一次又一次的迁徙。从黄河流域到洞庭湖之滨，再到这边陲之地。无数次的颠沛流离，无数次的人走家随。鼓声成了战争的号角，当鼓声响起的时候，即使有再多的不舍。我们也不能停止迁徙的脚步。鼓声也意味着一个人都不能拉下。于是苗族人习惯了把所有的东西都铸成银器戴在自己的身上，随时准备迁徙。

大家知道我们的阿哥为什么要给阿妹送鱼纹的镯子吗?这不仅仅是检验女人的身体是否健康，是否能顺利传宗接代，更是一份家族的重托，一个民族的承诺。他是要告诉自己心爱的女人。总有一天，我会带着你，带着我们的孩子打回黄河流域，回到那有鱼有米的地方去的。

直到今天，当我们再一次面对商场昂贵的饮水机、洗衣机而百思不得其解的时候。销售员只是告诉我们，那是因为它们都是带银离子杀毒的。直到这个时候，我们才知道老祖宗的智慧。今天科技的进步让我可以精准的测量出银子的成分和功能，知道它可以杀死650多种细菌。上个世纪九十年代，随着改革的春风，那些老祖宗用了一辈子的餐具被我们搁置一旁。那些巧夺天工的加工技术被机器的复制替代。曾经被苗族人追捧的拉丝首饰也一度无人问津。知道什么是拉丝技术吗?拉丝顾名思义就是把银子拉成丝，拉得很细很细，甚至是细过了头发丝。这么说吧，一克银子能拉到一米左右。然后做成精美的首饰。知道为什么有拉丝吗?苗族人用银子彰显个性，妆点美丽。而贫穷的苗族人如何用有限的银子做出更大更张扬的饰品，廉价的劳动力和智慧的工匠创造了拉丝技术，满足了苗族人对银饰的喜好。今天，我们再一次欣赏到拉丝，看到拉丝工艺这真是我们的幸运，也是苗族人的荣幸。为什么这么说呢?文化的传承不仅仅是民族的追捧，更要政府的支持，还要与市场接轨，跟利益挂钩。否则就成了市场经济的炮灰。就如山西的那些百年木屋，甚至是很多具有厚重历史文明的地标古建筑都由于政府维修基金的不到位而一座座破坏、拆除、坍塌。苗族的银器锻造技术也曾经被机器替代。20__年，凤凰对外开放以后。很多人看到了商机，政府也大力支持，招商引资。挖掘出苗族的文化瑰宝：比如银器锻造技术、蜡染技术、苗绣等等。其中银子的锻造技术列入了世界非物质文化遗产名录。从此，凤凰的经济得到了飞速的发展。那些具有精湛技术的工匠们再一次重出江湖。有的甚至授上了世界非物质文化遗产传承人的名号。无数的银器店如雨后春笋般冒出来。良莠不齐、鱼龙混杂。

在外人看来，湘西贫穷、落后、出土匪。湘西人野蛮、粗鲁。那是因为您不了解湘西，不了湘西人。湘西的女人热情奔放、敢爱敢恨。湘西的男人豪放粗狂、淳朴善良。在这里孕育了著名的乡土文学之父沈从文、鬼才画家黄永玉、内阁总理熊希龄。沈从文的《边城》、《长河》可谓是家喻户晓。尤其是边城：一条清冽的小河，一个美丽的姑娘，几首动人的山歌，两个痴心的小伙，一只老黄狗，一个老爷爷。勾画了一副几乎完美的图画。读着他的书，字里行间几乎都能闻到泥土的芬芳。沈从文和张兆和的爱情故事也成为一段佳话广为流传。为了得到张兆和的欢心，沈从文写了上百封情书。只是当时的张兆和十分不领情的把情书扔到了胡适校长的桌上。胡适校长微笑着说：我看沈老师是顽固的爱着你哟。张兆和说：可是我顽固的不爱他啊。沈从文并不气馁。并且更加积极热烈的追求。终于抱得美人归。凤凰人就是这样：纯粹，执着，坚持到底。

在凤凰旅游业迅速发展的过程中。有一个苗族小伙子“阿牛”也跟沈老一样执着。他最早把苗族人家家户户都爱吃的一道菜：血粑鸭用真空包装，让游客带到了世界各地。并且带动了当地的老百姓脱贫致富。阿牛在质量上严格把关。绝对不做市面上的速成鸭子。他的原材料通通来源于本地的小麻鸭，一年才能长到两三斤。而且严格标明鸭肉和血粑的比例。凭着他的诚信和坚持赚得了人生的第一桶金。随着凤凰旅游业的发展，各地商人纷至沓来。在凤凰的大街小巷开满了银器店。工业用银和现代化的机器加工充斥着整个本地市场。打着世界非物质文化遗产的牌子到处倾销，偷换概念。作为一个地地道道的苗族人。阿牛心里十分不爽。于是他变卖祖业，筹集资金，深入苗寨，找到当年千锤百炼打造银器的能工巧匠。在凤凰古城门面最贵的地方开了凤凰最大的一家银器店，这是凤凰第一家手工银器店，所以起名《凤凰一号》。开店初期，无数人说他傻，说他笨，人家都用工业银，机器加工。你一个人做手工，做足银，成本高出几倍，如何能赚钱，怎么卖得出去。阿牛对其充耳不闻，他就觉得，他是苗族人，他有义务和责任传承苗族的文化，并且发扬光大，人家越是看不懂，他倒越是觉得商机无限。凭着他的独到的眼光和不懈的坚持，《凤凰一号》又一次取得了巨大的成功。拥有了一定经济基础的阿牛又有了新的想法。于是他潜心打造凤凰的金字招牌，用心做每一个产品。最后在离凤凰古城五公里的地方购地二十亩。打造了整个湘西最大的聚产、购、餐一体的镇竿阿牛有限公司。让游客在镇竿阿牛可以吃到绝对纯天然无污染的绿色食品。还能买到凤凰所有的特产。他的宗旨就是环保、绿色、天然、健康。

阿牛做事及其认真执着。比如一个大街小巷都有的蒿草粑，阿牛竟然请了我们湘西吉首大学和湖南大学的几个生物系教授研究它的配方。做出来的粑粑真的是秒杀了湘西所有的蒿草粑粑。那种如QQ糖一样的弹劲，还有完全看不到蒿草纤维的糯性。我们只能看到绿油油的粑粑。咬一口真的具有连舌头都吞进去的冲动。

尊敬的游客朋友们：

大家好！

凤凰古城——国家历史文化名城，曾被新西兰著名作家路易艾黎称赞为中国最美丽的小城之一。这里与吉首的德夯苗寨，永顺的猛洞河，贵州的梵净山相毗邻，是怀化、吉首、贵州铜仁三地之间的必经之路。 209国道和湘黔省道从县境穿*过，铜仁大兴机场距县城仅27公里，交通便利.凤凰风景秀丽，历史悠久，名胜古迹甚多。城内，古代城楼、明清古院风采依然，古老朴实的沱江静静地流淌，城外有南华山国家森林公园，城下艺术宫殿奇梁洞，建于唐代的黄丝桥古城，举世瞩目的南方长城 ……这里不仅风景优美，且地杰人灵，名贤辈出。

美丽的小城凤凰山城，位于沱江之畔，群山环抱，关隘雄奇。碧绿的江水从古老的城墙下蜿蜒而过，叠翠的南华山麓倒映江心。江中渔船数点，山间暮鼓晨钟兼鸣，悬崖上的吊脚楼轻烟袅袅，码头边的浣纱姑笑声郎郎，……啊!凤凰犹如“一副浓墨浅彩的中国山水画”。当你徜徉古城用条石砌成的岩板街时，两边的古建筑各抱地势，鳞次栉比，亭台楼阁重重叠叠，如巨龙飞舞，似鳌鱼展翅。细雨声中，仿佛传来进香人的牛皮钉鞋敲击街面，发出“叮叮”的响声，使人产生隔世之感.

沈从文故居位于南中营街，是一座典型的南方四合古院。古院正中有小天井，用红石方石板铺成。天井四周为砖木结构的古屋，正屋三间，厢房四间，共十余间。房屋矮小，虽无雕龙画凤，但显得小巧别致，古色古香。特别是雕花的木窗带有湘西特色，格外引人注目。

1902 年12月28日，沈从文就诞生在这里。他的童年就是在这里度过的。故居历时一百多年，是沈从文祖父沈宏富手上置办的。由于历史演变，几经易主，为了表示对沈从文老人的崇敬之情，学习他勤学自励，艰苦笔耕，对国家文学事业的卓越贡献的自学精神，激励后人。1988年县人民政府决定购回此屋，重新整修。并带图样赴京送沈从文审定。沈从文带病接见，对图样提出意见，并说：“房子烂了，修一下也好，但要将就修上，不要花很多钱，家乡还很穷，要尽量节约”。

经过整修，使这百年古院再现原貌。现门上挂有“沈从文旧居”匾额。右边一室，是沈从文生平的照片，二室是沈从文书稿手迹，左边厢房陈列各种版本的从文著作。正屋中堂挂着沈从文的素描画像。左边房是卧室，是沈从文出生的地方。右边房陈列着大理石桌面的书桌等物。

熊希龄故居位于凤凰古城北文星街内的一个小巷里，故居往东200米便是秀 丽的沱江。故居为四合院系南方古式的木瓦结构，比较矮小但很精致，故居现存房屋4间基本是保持原貌，很富于苗族情调，为县重点文物保护单位。民国6年(1917)夏秋之际京津一带水灾严重，他负责督办水灾河工善后事宜，并主持募捐，救济灾民。民国七年(1918)，得政府同意，将香山静宜园改建为慈幼院，收养教育受灾流浪儿童。他自己掌管一切院务，时20年之久。 他有一首诗写道：

万树桃花手自栽，病中犹为看花来。

儿童月与花俱长，各自拈花笑一回。

杨家祠堂始建于道光16年(1836年)，木结构四合院，上下两层，占地770 平方米，由大门、戏台、过厅、廊房、正厅组成，呈长方形。戏台为单檐歇山顶，檐下饰如意斗拱，高16米，四根台柱雕龙刻凤，戏台为穿斗式，正殿为抬梁式，整个建筑做工精细，极富民族特色，属县重点文物保护单位。

杨家祠堂座落在县城东北部的古城墙边。太子少保、果勇侯、镇竿总兵杨芳捐资修建于清道光十六年(1836年)。祠堂由大门、戏台、过亭、廊房、正厅、厢房组成，是典型的四合院建筑，占地770平方米。戏台为单檐歇山顶，穿斗式结构，高16米，面阔7米，进深8米;檐下如玉斗拱，台柱雕龙刻凤。正殿为抬梁式建筑，山墙为猫背拱，分为一明二暗三间。两边配有厢房。杨家祠堂设计精巧，做工精细。窗户、门、檐饰件均糸镂空雕花，整体建筑具有鲜明的民族特色和很高的建筑艺术价值。

中国南部长城位于湘黔边区，上自贵州铜仁，下至湖南保靖，全长380余里，建于明朝万历 43年(公园1615)，几经续修后于清朝嘉靖年间定型，其碉堡墙一般高2.3米，基宽1.7米,顶宽1米，墙体大都就地取材用石块，页岩砌成。中间填以乱石和泥土，绕山跨涧，曲折蜿蜒,大部分建在险峻的山岭上，沿途建有1232 座用于屯兵御用的汛堡、屯卡、哨台、碉堡、炮台、关厢、关门及无数用石块垒成的兵房，当时一般驻防军队8000人左右，如今的一些地名如阿拉营、天星营、黄合营、王坡屯营、得胜营、乾石营、振武营、 牛斗营等带营字的地方都是长城边上的驻军要点。

Dear friends

Hello everyone! Welcome to Fenghuang ancient city. Now you are in Fenghuangancient city, Hunan Province, which is praised as one of the two most beautifulsmall cities in China by the famous New Zealand writer Mr. Louis Ailey. It isadjacent to Mengdong River in Western Hunan and Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou. Itis the only way between Huaihua, Jishou and Tongren. It is also the hometown ofShen Congwen, a famous writer. Phoenix has beautiful scenery and many places ofinterest. It has always been a popular tourist attraction. Since ancient times,there have been eight scenic spots, including Dongling Yinghui, Nanhua Diecui,Longtan Yuhuo, Shansi morning bell, Qifeng Tingxiu, Xiqiao night moon, LanjingQiaoge and fange Huitao. In the city, ancient city buildings, ancient courtyardsof Ming and Qing Dynasties and small stone streets are still elegant; Outsidethe city, Nanhuashan National Forest Park, huangsiqiao ancient city built inTang Dynasty, underground art palace, Qiliang cave, magic wind rock, spectacularjianduoduo waterfall, mysterious gaodabu gorge, sanmendong general rock,picturesque tunliang mountain, Fenghuang mountain, Xiangbi mountain, Tianxingmountain and lale mountain all beckon to you《 More than ten films and TV plays,such as the story of suppressing bandits in Western Hunan, the story ofsuppressing bandits in Wulong mountain, the blood drum, and general Suyu, werealso filmed here. Phoenix is not only beautiful scenery, but also outstandingpeople. National heroes such as Zheng Guohong, chief soldier of Chuzhou town inZhejiang Province, Tian Xingshu, governor of Guizhou Province, Xiong Xiling, thefirst premier of the cabinet of the Republic of China, Shen Congwen, a famouswriter, and Huang Yongyu, a famous painter are all Phoenix people. Formerresidence of Shen Congwen

Now follow the stone path to No. 10 Zhongying street, the former residenceof Shen Congwen, a famous Chinese writer and archaeologist.

Shen Congwens former residence was built by his grandfather Shen Hongfu in1866. On December 28, 1902, Mr. Shen Congwen was born in this courtyard with thearchitectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties, where he spent his childhood andadolescence. In 1917, when Mr. Shen was 15 years old, he joined the local armyin Western Hunan because of his familys decline. He left his hometown andtraveled in the yuan, Li and Youshui river basins. He experienced a full-blownwar, which stimulated his desire for creation. In 1919, Mr. Shen came to Beijingalone and began his hard career as a writer. He created a series of literaryworks, such as "border town", "Xiangxi", and soon became famous in the Chineseliterary world, almost as well as Mr. Lu Xun, who was more than 20 years olderthan him. After the 1950s, Mr. Shen devoted himself to the study of ancientChinese costumes and wrote a masterpiece, the study of ancient Chinesecostumes.

Mr. Shens works and character show a strong consistency: natural, honest,modest, diligent, broad and dignified. Mr. Shens works of more than 5 millionwords are the worlds literary treasures, leaving valuable historical materialsfor future generations to study the old China and the old Xiangxi.

To appreciate and study Mr. Shens works, while appreciating his freshstory, dont ignore the passion behind it; while appreciating his simple words,dont ignore the hidden grief behind it. Now lets go to find the warmth andsweetness in Mr. Shens works, experience the tranquility behind the noise, andvisit the "paradise" - the border town that people yearn for.

Chens ancestral hall

Chaoyang palace, also known as Chenjia ancestral hall, is one of the 24representative ancestral halls of Fenghuang. It is located in ximenpo in theancient city. It was built by the gentry Chen family in 1915. In 1923, the kingof Xiangxi, Chen Quzhen, led the people to expand and renovate it. At that time,the annual ancestor worship assembly was held here.

Chens ancestral hall is divided into main hall, stage, left and right box,etc., forming a courtyard with strong local ethnic characteristics, especiallythe ancient stage at the entrance. Does the old couplet and the eight operamurals on the stage give us a trace of nostalgia for the past?

Xiong Xilings former residence

Follow the gravel path in the alley, pass under the eaves of Dacheng hall,the Confucius Temple, and then come to No. 10 Wenxing street, the formerresidence of Xiong Xiling, the first Prime Minister of the Republic ofChina.

Xiong Xiling, No. bingsan, was born in this bungalow on July 23, 1870. Whenhe was young, Mr. Xiong was known as a child prodigy in Hunan Province. He was ascholar at the age of 15, a candidate at the age of 21, and a Jinshi at the ageof 24. He was awarded the title of the Imperial Academy scholar (commonly knownas dianhanlin).

When he was 9 years old, his private school teacher wrote a couplet: "planta few potted flowers to explore the spring and autumn news." Mr. Xiongimmediately wrote the second couplet: "dig a pool of water to see the sky andthe earth It was a good story. After the mid-term examination, hsinko JurenXiong painted a painting to express his ambition. He painted a humble piece ofcotton and wrote the inscription "this gentleman is warm when he comes out ofthe world", which surprised all four of them.

After becoming famous, Mr. Xiong actively advocated the reform. He oncefounded Xiangbao, Shiwu school and Changde West Road normal school. He was thebackbone of the reform school in Hunan as well as Tan Sitong. Some famousrevolutionaries in our country, such as Xiang Jingyu, Lin Boqu, Teng Daiyuan,Song Jiaoren, a leftist of the Kuomintang, and Jiang Yiwu, commander in chief ofthe Wuchang Uprising, are all students of Mr. Xiong. Later, Mr. Xiong served asthe financial supervisor of the three eastern provinces, Rehe Dutong, and thechief financial officer. In 1913, he became the first Prime Minister of theRepublic of China. At that time, the government was known as the "talentcabinet" by the public opinion circles. Later, because Mr. Xiong opposed YuanShikais dictatorship, he was forced by Yuan Shikai to dissolve the cabinet andresign as prime minister. Since then, Mr. Xiong has devoted himself to industryand charity, opened Xiangshan childrens home and adopted a large number oforphans.

In 1925, Fenghuang County was hit by a severe drought, and most of the landwas not collected. After Mr. Xiong knew the news, he sent a relief fund of100000 yuan to Dayang (among which the famous Peking opera performing artist MeiLanfang donated 40000 yuan to Dayang), helping many victims. In his later years,Mr. Xiong became the president of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of Chinaand actively participated in the battlefield rescue of the Anti Japanese war. OnDecember 5, 1937, Xiong Xiling died in Hong Kong at the age of 67.

To appreciate and study Mr. Shens works, while appreciating his freshstory, dont ignore the passion behind it; while appreciating his simple words,dont ignore the hidden grief behind it. Now lets go to find the warmth andsweetness in Mr. Shens works, experience the tranquility behind the noise, andvisit the "paradise" - the border town that people yearn for.

Chens ancestral hall

Chaoyang palace, also known as Chenjia ancestral hall, is one of the 24representative ancestral halls of Fenghuang. It is located in ximenpo in theancient city. It was built by the gentry Chen family in 1915. In 1923, the kingof Xiangxi, Chen Quzhen, led the people to expand and renovate it. At that time,the annual ancestor worship assembly was held here.

Chens ancestral hall is divided into main hall, stage, left and right box,etc., forming a courtyard with strong local ethnic characteristics, especiallythe ancient stage at the entrance. Does the old couplet and the eight operamurals on the stage give us a trace of nostalgia for the past?

Xiong Xilings former residence

Follow the gravel path in the alley, pass under the eaves of Dacheng hall,the Confucius Temple, and then come to No. 10 Wenxing street, the formerresidence of Xiong Xiling, the first Prime Minister of the Republic ofChina.

Xiong Xiling, No. bingsan, was born in this bungalow on July 23, 1870. Whenhe was young, Mr. Xiong was known as a child prodigy in Hunan Province. He was ascholar at the age of 15, a candidate at the age of 21, and a Jinshi at the ageof 24. He was awarded the title of the Imperial Academy scholar (commonly knownas dianhanlin).

When he was 9 years old, his private school teacher wrote a couplet: "planta few potted flowers to explore the spring and autumn news." Mr. Xiongimmediately wrote the second couplet: "dig a pool of water to see the sky andthe earth It was a good story. After the mid-term examination, hsinko JurenXiong painted a painting to express his ambition. He painted a humble piece ofcotton and wrote the inscription "this gentleman is warm when he comes out ofthe world", which surprised all four of them.

After becoming famous, Mr. Xiong actively advocated the reform. He oncefounded Xiangbao, Shiwu school and Changde West Road normal school. He was thebackbone of the reform school in Hunan as well as Tan Sitong. Some famousrevolutionaries in our country, such as Xiang Jingyu, Lin Boqu, Teng Daiyuan,Song Jiaoren, a leftist of the Kuomintang, and Jiang Yiwu, commander in chief ofthe Wuchang Uprising, are all students of Mr. Xiong. Later, Mr. Xiong served asthe financial supervisor of the three eastern provinces, Rehe Dutong, and thechief financial officer. In 1913, he became the first Prime Minister of theRepublic of China. At that time, the government was known as the "talentcabinet" by the public opinion circles. Later, because Mr. Xiong opposed YuanShikais dictatorship, he was forced by Yuan Shikai to dissolve the cabinet andresign as prime minister. Since then, Mr. Xiong has devoted himself to industryand charity, opened Xiangshan childrens home and adopted a large number oforphans. In 1925, Fenghuang County was hit by a severe drought, and most of theland was not collected. After Mr. Xiong knew the news, he sent a relief fund of100000 yuan to Dayang (among which the famous Peking opera performing artist MeiLanfang donated 40000 yuan to Dayang), helping many victims. In his later years,Mr. Xiong became the president of the Red Cross Society of the Republic of Chinaand actively participated in the battlefield rescue of the Anti Japanese war. OnDecember 5, 1937, Xiong Xiling died in Hong Kong at the age of 67.

尊敬的游客朋友们：

大家好！

这座曾被新西兰作家路易艾黎称作中国最美丽的小城之一的“凤凰古城”建于清康熙时，这颗“湘西明珠”是名副其实的“小”，小到城内仅有一条像样的东西大街，可它却是一条绿色长廊。

凤凰古城分为新旧两个城区，老城依山傍水，清浅的沱江穿城而过红色砂岩砌成的城墙伫立在岸边，南华山衬着古老的城楼，城楼还是清朝年间的，锈迹斑斑的铁门，还看得出当年威武的模样。北城门下宽宽的河面上横着一条窄窄的木桥，以石为墩，两人对面都要侧身而过，这里曾是当年出城的唯一通道。

斜阳西下，桥边岸畔不少妇人正在用木槌洗衣，啪啪声随着水波荡漾开来。顽童脱个精光，在水中嬉戏，也有姑娘家把身子浸在浅水处享受流水轻柔的抚摸。岸边更有不少写生的学生，也为小城增添了一道风景。

凤凰古城最有名的是那一幢幢古色古香、富有浓郁土家族风韵的吊脚楼，但河畔的吊脚楼大多已不在了，只有在回龙潭那里尚留有十多间老屋，细脚伶仃的木柱立在河中，托起一段沉沉的历史。

沈从文的故居位于古城内中营街的石板小巷深处，共两进两厢，颇像北京的小四合院，整个故居都是砖木结构，青瓦白墙，木格花窗。经风雨桥，过东城门，路上是行色匆匆挑担的乡民、老屋、挑担的乡民与红伞，形成了一幅对比鲜明的图画。

就像沈从文早已仙去，凤凰古城并不(20xx年度西双版纳导游词)是一幅完整的水墨丹青画卷，但你还是能从一个个的局部来感受到她灵光一现的魅力。凤凰古城也适合一两个人在一个小雨的天气在老城中的老街、小巷、河畔慢慢地走，用心去品味那曾有的过去。

The ancient city of Phoenix, a national historical and cultural city, wasonce praised as one of the most beautiful small cities in China by the famousNew Zealand writer Louis Ailey. It is adjacent to Dehang Miao village in Jishou,Mengdong River in Yongshun and Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou. It is the only waybetween Huaihua, Jishou and Tongren. National Highway 209 and Hunan Guizhouprovincial highway pass through the county. Tongren Daxing airport is only 27kilometers away from the county, with convenient transportation. Phoenix hasbeautiful scenery, long history and many places of interest. Inside the city,the elegant demeanor of ancient city buildings and Ming and Qing ancientcourtyards remains. The ancient and simple Tuojiang River flows quietly. Outsidethe city, there are Nanhua Mountain National Forest Park, Qiliang cave, an artpalace under the city, huangsiqiao ancient city built in the Tang Dynasty, andthe world-famous southern Great wall Here is not only a beautiful scenery, butalso a place of outstanding people, famous and virtuous.

Fenghuang Mountain City, a beautiful small city, is located on the Bank ofTuojiang River, surrounded by mountains and magnificent passes. The green rivermeanders under the ancient city wall, and the verdant foothills of Nanhuamountain reflect the center of the river. Fishing boats count in the river,drums and bells ring in the mountains, the stilted building on the cliff issmoking, and the Huansha girl beside the wharf is laughing Ah, Phoenix is like"a Chinese landscape painting with thick ink and light color". When you strollthrough the ancient citys stone lined Yanban street, the ancient buildings onboth sides embrace the terrain, row upon row, and the pavilions and pavilionsoverlap, like a dragon flying, like a fish spreading its wings. In the sound ofdrizzle, it seems that the cowhide spiked shoes of pilgrims knock on the street,making people feel isolated

Shen Congwens former residence is located in nanzhongying street, which isa typical southern Sihe ancient courtyard. There is a small patio in the middleof the ancient courtyard, which is paved with red stone slabs. The courtyard issurrounded by an ancient house of brick and wood structure, with three mainrooms and four wing rooms, a total of more than ten rooms. The house is smalland small. Although there is no carved dragon and painted Phoenix, it is smalland chic with antique flavor. In particular, the carved wooden windows withXiangxi characteristics are particularly eye-catching.

Shen Congwen was born here on December 28, 1902. It was here that he spenthis childhood. The former residence, which lasted more than 100 years, waspurchased by Shen Congwens grandfather Shen Hongfu. Due to the historicalevolution and several changes of ownership, in order to show respect for the oldman Shen Congwen, we should learn from his self-study spirit of diligentlearning, self-reliance, hard work and outstanding contribution to the nationalliterary cause, so as to inspire future generations. In 1988, the countypeoples government decided to buy back the house and renovate it. He took thedesign to Beijing and sent it to Shen Congwen for approval. Shen Congwen was illand gave opinions on the design. He said: "if the house is rotten, its betterto repair it, but you have to make do with it. It doesnt cost a lot of money.Your hometown is still very poor, so you should try to save as much aspossible.".

After renovation, the hundred year old courtyard reappeared its originalappearance. Now there is a plaque of "Shen Congwens former residence" on thedoor. The first room on the right is a photo of Shen Congwens life, the secondroom is Shen Congwens manuscripts, and the left wing displays various versionsof his works. Shen Congwens sketch is hanging in the middle of the main room.The left room is the bedroom, where Shen Congwen was born. The room on the rightdisplays desks with marble tabletops.

Xiong Xilings former residence is located in an alley in beiwenxing streetof Fenghuang ancient city. 200 meters to the east of his former residence is thebeautiful Tuojiang River. The former residence is a Siheyuan, a southern ancientstyle wooden tile structure, which is relatively small but very exquisite. Theexisting four houses in the former residence are basically the originalappearance, which is rich in Miao flavor. It is a key cultural relic protectionunit in the county. In the summer and autumn of 1917, there was a serious floodin Beijing and Tianjin. He was responsible for supervising the rehabilitation offlood river works, and presided over the fund-raising to relieve the victims. In1918, with the approval of the government, Xiangshan Jingyi garden wastransformed into a childrens home for adoption and education of homelesschildren. He was in charge of the hospital for 20__ years. He wrote a poem:

Ten thousand trees and peach blossoms are planted by their own hands.

Childrens month and flower are both long, and each of them twists theflower and laughs.

The ancestral hall of Yang family was built in 1836. It is a quadranglecourtyard with wooden structure. It covers an area of 770 square meters andconsists of a gate, a stage, a hall, a gallery and a main hall. The stage is asingle eaves Xieshan, under the eaves decorated with Ruyi Dougong, 16 metershigh, with four pillars carved with dragons and phoenixes. The stage is of theChuandou type, and the main hall is of the beam type. The whole building is offine workmanship and rich in national characteristics. It is a key culturalrelic protection unit of the county.

The ancestral hall of Yang family is located on the wall of the ancientcity in the north east of the county. Prince Shaobao, marquis Guo Yong and YangFang, commander of Zhengan, donated money to build it in 1836. The ancestralhall is composed of gate, stage, pavilion, gallery, main hall and wing room. Itis a typical quadrangle building, covering an area of 770 square meters. Thestage is a single eaves Xieshan, with a structure of crossing a bucket. It is 16meters high, 7 meters wide and 8 meters deep. Under the eaves, it is like a jadebucket arch, and the pillars are carved with dragons and phoenixes. The mainhall is a beam lifting building, and the gable is cat back arch, which isdivided into one bright room, two dark rooms. There are wing rooms on bothsides. The ancestral hall of Yang family is exquisitely designed and made. Thewindow, door and eaves ornaments are carved out. The whole building hasdistinctive national characteristics and high architectural art value.

The southern Great Wall of China is located in the border area of Hunan andGuizhou, from Tongren of Guizhou Province to Baojing of Hunan Province, with atotal length of more than 380 Li. It was built in the 43rd year of Wanli of MingDynasty (Park 1615). After several renovations, it was shaped in the Jiajingperiod of Qing Dynasty. Its blockhouse wall is generally 2.3 meters high, 1.7meters wide at the base and 1 meter wide at the top. The wall is made of localmaterials, stones and shale. The middle is filled with rocks and mud, windingaround mountains and streams, Most of them were built on steep mountains. Alongthe way, there were 1232 flood fortresses, TUNKA, sentry posts, blockhouses,battery, box, gate and countless stone barracks for garrison. At that time,there were about 8000 garrison troops. Today, some place names such as alaying,tianxingying, huanglianhe, wangpotun, Desheng, qianshiying, Zhenwu, etcNiudouying and other places with the word "Ying" are the main points of garrisonbeside the Great Wall.

今天，我们浏览了花港观鱼，那里风景优美、景色迷人，是一个令人留恋往返的地方。大树下、草地上、花丛旁……到处都留下了我们的足迹。

一进大门，最早进入我们眼帘的是许多的花花草草，花的芬香，芬芳扑鼻;小草碧绿碧绿的，像几颗绿宝石。鲜花在绿草的衬托下，显得更美丽。

红鱼池为于花港观鱼中心，东靠牡丹亭。红鱼池是花港观鱼里欣赏人数最多的一个地方。池里四周水面宽阔，在两岸中间有一座方便人通行，观赏的九曲桥。红鱼池里面养着五色鱼，池里的鱼各式各样，五彩缤纷，真是品种繁多，游人们手里拿着鱼食或面包，正在喂鱼;鱼儿们你争我抢，互不相让，

在红鱼池的附近，就是牡丹亭，牡丹园位于整个公园的中心，占地1万平方米，建于牡丹园中央那个古朴重檐的八角亭，就是牡丹亭。“牡丹亭”三字为著名文学家茅盾所题。据说是开元寺的一个和尚从长安带回来许多牡丹花种子，就种在牡丹亭里，牡丹亭里有“酒醉杨妃”、“娇容三变”等品种，千姿百态，绚丽多姿，别有情趣。牡丹园割成十几个各具形态的小区。小区里面，栽种着数百株色泽艳丽的牡丹，每年四月，从高处俯视，但见大大小小的花坛间红夹绿，那灿若云锦的牡丹花千姿百态，斗奇竞态妍，令人流连忘返。

花港公园风景如画，西湖风景闻名世界。

Phoenix ancient city — — national historical cultural well-known city, have been easy Ai Li by New Zealander famous writer road praise for the one of Chinese most beautiful little city. ram sprout village here with the virtue of lucky head, obey forever the Buddhist net mountain of fierce hole river and Guizhou appearance neighbor, is bosom melt , lucky head and Guizhou copper benevolent 3 land between will go through road. 209 national highwaies with Xiang Qian save road wear fork from county boundary pass , copper benevolent big mood airport distance county only 27 kilometers, traffic convenient. phoenix scenery beautiful, history long, scenic spots and historical sites a lot. city , ancient gate tower , settle ancient courtyard elegant appearance tomorrow still, ancient simple Tuo river quiet flow quietly shed , suburban have south China mountain national forest park and city take off artistic palace odd beam hole, build in Tang the bridge ancient city of yellowish filament of generation, attract worldwide attention south the Great Wall … … here not only scenery graceful, just land outstanding person spirit, name able come forth in large numbers.

beautiful little city phoenix mountain city, locate in Tuo river side, crowd mountain surround , (mountain)pass male odd. the river water of dark green take off from ancient city wall curved pass , fold green south China the foot of a mountain fall reflect river heart. river in the several point of fishing vessel, mountain between dusk drum morning clock cry simultaneously, steep cliff on hang foot building light smoke curling upwards, pier side wash yarn aunt laughter Lang Lang, … … ! phoenix sting just like " a pair of thick ink is you shallow Cai Chinese landscape painting ". is Chang Yang ancient city build with stone rock board street , the ancient building of both sides hold physical features each, row upon row, pavilion building cabinet overlapping, flutter as huge dragon, seem Ao fish spread the wings . drizzle sound in, seem biography knock into the ox-hide spiked shoes of fragrant person attack street surface, send out " " sound, make one produce the sense that separates lifetime . Shen Cong Wen former residence locate in south in battalion street, is the south 4 of a typical case join ancient courtyard. ancient courtyard center have little courtyard, spread with red stone square slabstone. courtyard four weeks is the ancient house of brick timber structure, straight house 3, wing-room 4, remain 10 between. house short, though draw phoenix without vulture dragon, but look small and exquisite novel, antique. have especially the wooden window of carving Xiang west characteristic, especially eye-catching.

Phoenix is of December 28,1902 , Shen Cong Wen is born in here . he childhood is in here pass . former residence last of more than 100 years, is Shen Cong Wen grandfather Shen Hong buy on rich hand . develop because of history, few by is easy God, for show for Shen Cong Wen the respectful feelings of old person, study him study frequently from Li, hard pen plough , for the outstanding contribution of national literature cause self study spirit, encourage future generations. 1988 years county peoples government decide buy return this house, renovate again. take pattern go to capital send Shen Cong writing approve . Shen Cong Wen take ill reception, put forward opinion for pattern, say : " house is meshed , repair , is also good , but to put up , repair , do not spend many money, it is poor that hometown is returned , to economize as far as possible ". endure renovate , make this die ancient courtyard reappear look. hang on current door have " Shen Cong Wen former residence " horizontal inscribed board. right a room, is Shen Cong Wen the photograph of life story, 2 rooms is Shen Cong document draft original, left wing-room display various editions from writing works. straight house central scroll hang the sketch portrait of Shen Cong Wen. left room is bedroom, is Shen Cong Wen is born place. right room display the desk etc. thing of marble top of a table.

Bear hopes that age former residence locates in a phoenix ancient little alley in city north writing star street in the past eastern 200 of former residence metre is beautiful Tuo river. former residence is for quadrangle the wooden tile structure of south ancient type, compare short but the very fine extant house of former residence 4 is maintenance basically original look, have sprout clan sentiment very much, is county key historical relic protection unit. the Republic of china 6 years( 1917) summer autumn during capital saliva a tape flood serious, he take the responsibility Du do flood river work matters concerning reconstruction, uphold raise money , relief victims. the Republic of china 7 years( 1918), get government agree , will fragrant mountain quiet suitable garden alter build is Ci young courtyard, adopt education is hit by a natural calamity waif child. he handle all courtyard affir, 20 years for more than. he have a poetry write road: the tree hand of ten thousands of peach blossom from fall , disease in just as come for seeing flower. child month and coloured all length, pick up coloured smile.

Poplar the domestic beginning of ancestral hall build in road smooth 16 years( 1836 years) the about two floor and quadrangle of timber structure, cover an area of 770 square metres, from front door, stage and error hall, corridor room and the composition of main hall, submit rectangle. stage rest for single eaves summit, act as satisfactory cup arch under eaves, 16 high metres, 4 column vultures dragon carve phoenix, stage fight type for wearing, main hall is lift beam type, entire building workmanship meticulous, very rich national characteristic, belong to county key historical relic protection unit. poplar domestic ancestral hall repose in the ancient side of city wall of county northeast. crown prince insure , fruit brave marquis and town rod total soldier poplar less virtue contribute money construct in settle road smooth 16 years( 1836 years ). ancestral hall from front door, stage and error pavilion, corridor room, main hall and wing-room composition, is the quadrangle building of typical case, cover an area of 770 square metres. stage rest for single eaves summit, wear cup type structure, 16 high metres and surface 7 rich metres, enter 8 deep metres; eaves push , column vulture dragon as jade cup carve phoenix. main hall construct for lifting beam type, gable push for cat the back, divide into a Ming Er An 3. both sides match have wing-room. poplar the domestic design of ancestral hall exquisite, work meticulous. window, door and eaves decorations Mi hollow-out carving, overall building have bright national characteristic and very high building artistic value.

Chinese south the Great Wall locates in Xiang Qian border area, on from Guizhou copper kernel, insure to Hunan Jing the 380 of total length remain in, build in Ming Chao Wan all previous 43 years( park 1615), few by extend repair is more rear than Qing Chao Jia Jing finalize the design of , its pillbox wall between year is 2.3 metre, 1.7 base wide metres, top wide 1 metres and wall body normally high mostly draw material on the spot with stone, shale build . among fill with confuse stone and soil, step ravine around mountain, complications curved, most of build on precipitous ridge, build on the way have 1232 is used in station troops the flood fortress, village card and sentry post employed by the emperor Chinese Taiwan, pillbox, fort and barrier compartment , close and countless build with stone soldier room, then general garrison armed forces 8000 persons control , now some place names as A La Ying and day star battalion , yellow jointly operate , Wang Po store up battalion , triumph battalion , Qian stone battalion , shake military battalion and ox cup battalion etc. tape the place of battalion word is the main points of garrison troops on the side of the Great Wall.

凤凰于飞，翙翙其羽，凤凰涅槃，浴火重生。凤凰不仅仅是翱翔于天空的吉祥神鸟。也是中华民族的精神图腾。更是人们渴望美好的圣洁期盼!

“ 为了您，这座古城已经等了千年! ”为了千年等一回，我们将要去凤凰，寻找那活了千年的生命，和死去千年的标本。凤凰地处湘西这个边陲小镇。始建于明朝嘉靖年间。自古以来就是一个兵城，也是一个商城。走进凤凰，每一扇窗户上都有一扇顾盼流芳的眼睛，每一块石板上都有情侣的倩影。每一条小河边都有苗家姑娘洗衣棒锤在石板上带着节奏的混响，还有那婉转悠扬的歌声。

说到凤凰，我不能不说苗族。苗族可以说是中国迁徙最频繁的民族，无数次的迁徙留下了一部悲壮而又苦难的历史。虽然是第一个发明水稻种植技术的民族，但是聪明的苗族人也没能改变战败迁徙的命运。他们用生命和鲜血谱写了历史，用智慧和坚韧传承了文明。逐鹿之战估计大家都听说过，这就是讲的皇帝无数次被苗族打败以后联络了炎帝反败为胜，打败苗族，逼着我们的领袖蚩尤带着我们迁徙到这大山深处，万山丛中。为了生存，我们采集野果野草，像蒿草粑粑，到现在还是我们餐桌上的食物。为了顺应自然，在这潮湿的大山深处繁衍生息。我们吃生姜驱寒，所以姜糖成了我们的喜糖。为了战胜自然，我们彰显力量，在每一年的锥牛节上，男人杀死最厉害的公牛。女人们敲下牛角做成梳子别在自己的头上。向世人炫耀男人的战利品。为了填饱肚子，我们尝遍野果，把银子做成了餐具。来甄别哪些东西有毒。

大家知道我们苗族人的身份证最早是用什么材质做的吗?你们看过血色湘西吗?我告诉你们：不是纸做的，更不是塑料做的。而是银子做的。自古以来，苗族人就是最骁勇善战的民族，虽然跟朝廷的战争无休无止。但是每一次面对国家尊严和民族大义的时候，苗族人都冲锋陷阵、血染疆场。远的不说，湘军中最能打硬仗的就是竿子军，竿子就是指湘西的土家族和苗族人。所以凤凰以前称为镇竿镇。再就是日本人占领长沙、常德的时候，又是湘西的竿子军用枪炮和血肉之躯筑起了一道钢铁长城，保卫了家园，捍卫了湘西这块弹丸之地。每一次战争的胜利都是鲜血染红的战场。湘西人对于故土，有着一般人无法理解的眷恋。就如沈从文的碑文：一个战士要不战死沙场，要不回到故乡。客死他乡的英雄们无法尸体还乡，无法魂归故里。有的甚至都认不出模样。他们甚至是带不回只言片语的遗言。活着回来的人无法面对老人期盼的眼睛，无法面对妻子望眼欲穿的守望，更无法给孩子们一个合理的解释。他们只能摘下那只象征着他们身份的耳环。一包包的耳环就是一个个鲜活的生命啊。亲人们接过自己家的耳环，供奉在祖宗的牌位上。告诉他们的后人，他们的祖宗不是孬种。

大家知道我们为什么要戴吉祥鼓吗?难道仅仅就是吉祥如意吗?不，任何东西的存在一定有它的原因。最早苗族人为了生存，为了驱逐野兽发明了鼓。好不容易在这蛮夷之地生存下来。战争却不期而至。让我们一次又一次的迁徙。从黄河流域到洞庭湖之滨，再到这边陲之地。无数次的颠沛流离，无数次的人走家随。鼓声成了战争的号角，当鼓声响起的时候，即使有再多的不舍。我们也不能停止迁徙的脚步。鼓声也意味着一个人都不能拉下。于是苗族人习惯了把所有的东西都铸成银器戴在自己的身上，随时准备迁徙。

大家知道我们的阿哥为什么要给阿妹送鱼纹的镯子吗?这不仅仅是检验女人的身体是否健康，是否能顺利传宗接代，更是一份家族的重托，一个民族的承诺。他是要告诉自己心爱的女人。总有一天，我会带着你，带着我们的孩子打回黄河流域，回到那有鱼有米的地方去的。

直到今天，当我们再一次面对商场昂贵的饮水机、洗衣机而百思不得其解的时候。销售员只是告诉我们，那是因为它们都是带银离子杀毒的。直到这个时候，我们才知道老祖宗的智慧。今天科技的进步让我可以精准的测量出银子的成分和功能，知道它可以杀死650多种细菌。上个世纪九十年代，随着改革的春风，那些老祖宗用了一辈子的餐具被我们搁置一旁。那些巧夺天工的加工技术被机器的复制替代。曾经被苗族人追捧的拉丝首饰也一度无人问津。知道什么是拉丝技术吗?拉丝顾名思义就是把银子拉成丝，拉得很细很细，甚至是细过了头发丝。这么说吧，一克银子能拉到一米左右。然后做成精美的首饰。知道为什么有拉丝吗?苗族人用银子彰显个性，妆点美丽。而贫穷的苗族人如何用有限的银子做出更大更张扬的饰品，廉价的劳动力和智慧的工匠创造了拉丝技术，满足了苗族人对银饰的喜好。今天，我们再一次欣赏到拉丝，看到拉丝工艺这真是我们的幸运，也是苗族人的荣幸。为什么这么说呢?文化的传承不仅仅是民族的追捧，更要政府的支持，还要与市场接轨，跟利益挂钩。否则就成了市场经济的炮灰。就如山西的那些百年木屋，甚至是很多具有厚重历史文明的地标古建筑都由于政府维修基金的不到位而一座座破坏、拆除、坍塌。苗族的银器锻造技术也曾经被机器替代。20__年，凤凰对外开放以后。很多人看到了商机，政府也大力支持，招商引资。挖掘出苗族的文化瑰宝：比如银器锻造技术、蜡染技术、苗绣等等。其中银子的锻造技术列入了世界非物质文化遗产名录。从此，凤凰的经济得到了飞速的发展。那些具有精湛技术的工匠们再一次重出江湖。有的甚至是冠上了世界非物质文化遗产传承人的名号。无数的银器店如雨后春笋般冒出来。良莠不齐、鱼龙混杂。

边城茶峒地处湘西州__县西北边境，距县城25公里;位于湘、黔、渝三省(市)交界处，始建于嘉庆八年;有“一脚踏三省”之称，属湘西的四大名镇之一。解放前，山城雄峙，城垣逶迤，河水悠悠，青石道整洁风雅;吊脚楼古色古香，白塔耸立，古渡摆舟，如诗如画。诗云：“边城胜景令人醉，疑是身在画中游。”著名的`文学大师沈从文先生以茶峒为北景，写出他的代表作《边城》，从此边城驰名中外。解放后，城垣、白塔虽毁，但古风依存，又新修楼房和大桥等建筑，为边城茶峒增添新景;《连心坝》、《边城》等影片，均在茶峒拍摄外景。许多慕名探访者踏青石古道，登水边吊脚楼，听月下渔歌，寻觅白塔、石碾和船夫的坟;回味那美丽动人的故事 。

边城茶峒由于地理位置险要，历史上成为兵家必争之地。在清嘉庆七年，这里建成了一座石堡城，设东西南北4门，门楼上各有4座炮台，420个垛口。抗日战争时期，蒋介石的残兵败奖经此地逃往四川;解放战争时期，刘邓大军也是从这里推进大西南。解放后，城墙城门虽被毁坏，但翠翠岛、吊脚楼、石板街依然保存完整。近年来，建起了34级石级石头台阶组成的近万米沿河观光带。如今茶峒旧貌换新，城内有吊脚楼，城边有河，河中有岛，岛上有林，林中有碑，碑中有文，成为闻名世界的边城。20__年6月湖南省人民政府批准茶峒镇更名为边城镇。

边城古镇有古朴、浓郁的民族风情。在文学大师沈从文的《边城》中，就是一道亮丽的风景线。“溪流如弓背，山路如弓弦，故远近有了小小差异。……两岸多高山，山中多可以造纸的细竹，长年作深颜色，逼人眼目。近水人家多在桃杏花里。夏天则晒晾在日光下耀眼的紫花布衣裤，可以作人家所在的旗帜。……黄泥的墙，乌黔的瓦，位置却永远那么妥贴，……全城群山环抱，山中有城，城中有山，青石板街依山就势，纵横交错。这些青石板的石条是茶峒人一块块从山上背回来，一凿凿地凿掉那些多余的部分，粗糙的部分凹凸的部分，再一块块地连着铺过去，路越多希望也越长。一个多世纪过去了，青石板磨得油亮。”这就是沈从文笔下的边城小景。

亲爱的朋友们，现在我们的车子行驶在芙蓉镇大桥之上，是新世纪筑建的苗族人与土家人沟通的桥梁。在此之前，湘西交通主要依赖水路，桥下的酉水将苗族人与土家族人串连在一起，在湘西大地和平相处从不进犯，这种独特的沟通方式，也让湘西有了这么一道独特的文化，放排的排帮文化。讲入苗族区域，我们首先踏入的是古丈县，古丈县是全国十大贫困县，而这个贫困的大山里，走出了许许多多优秀的人才，建国初年的何继光，一首挑担茶叶上北京，走红了大江南北，歌唱家宋祖英，她那美丽动听的歌声，被称为湘西的“百灵鸟”，也随着中国走向世界的步伐，唱响了世界各地，让国外友人对神秘的东方国度，更加的好奇与向往。

有看过宋祖英在维也纳金色大厅开演唱会的朋友一定知道，宋祖英不光唱响了自己民族的歌曲《马桑树儿搭灯台》，还穿上了自己民族的服装，苗家盛装，在衣服上面与头饰上面襄上纯洁的白银，让全场的国外佳宾目登口呆，他们看到了在东方的神秘国度，还有这样一个民族，将衣服与银饰搭配的如此完美，如此精致。演唱会结束后，许多国外佳宾都想把那套苗家盛装买下，当时他们自行发动了一起拍卖会，以人民币30万元做为最底起拍价，而奇怪的是衣服之上的白银全部拆下来以后，称完重量最多值人民币10万元，那么20万元是什么呢?是苗族银匠师傅锻造银饰的手工艺，全世界的饰品制造工艺，只有中国苗族银匠师傅锻造银饰的手工艺，列入中国的非物质文化遗产(如果要进茶店，介意只需稍稍介绍茶叶，茶叶的出单、哭穷早以过时，全国上下一样，客人都听烦了)。(不进茶叶店或进下面该如何讲解呢?)朋友们，我们离目的地凤凰还有二个半左右的时间，朋友们的心肯定特别期待，与它早些相见，其实它也一样，为了你的到来，它早已在那里默默等待，凤凰古城是中国历史文化名城，新西兰作家路易、艾黎称它们为中国最美丽的小城，这座城它有是在什么样的历史背景情况下筑建而成的呢?那么它在中国古时候的边关重城地位中有起到过什么作用呢?世界上的任何国度与城池，都离不开人类。

因为文明是人筑建的，凤凰古城的那群人便是勇敢、坚强、苦难的苗族人，咱们今天车上的朋友有少数民族的吗?有苗族的吗?中国有五十几个民族，除了苗族之外，我们都是炎黄的子孙，而单单只有苗族人是蚩尤的后代，学者们给出这样一个结论，世界上有两个悲惨的民族，一个是犹太族，一个是中国的苗族，因为苗族人度过了几千年的迁徒生活，为了生存，他们每天与世间万物都在进行抗衡。关于苗族的历史，在教课书上并不多，通过历史书中的记载，苗族人用自己勤劳的双手与智慧把自己的家园建设的非常美丽，他们在那里安居落业，过着世外桃园的生活。

苗族人最先的这个家园，在中国的四川泯江与雅龙江一带也就是现在羌族人居住的芦沟湖一带，从蒙古草原上，骑着高头大马的羌族人，在夜间突袭了苗族部落，把苗族人赶出了自己的家园，苗族便有了第一次的大规模逃生迁徒，苗族人沿泯江而下，一路向北，到达了黄河流域，在黄河流域靠岸后，登上了北方大地。来到它乡的苗族人，面对广阔平坦的北方大地，苗族人没有放弃生活，他们有通过自己的勤劳双手，在北方大地重建了自己的另一个家园。这时一位苗家妇女产下一名婴儿，这个婴儿与其它的小孩长像不一样，他头上有两角，刚出生就能说话，也能走路，他就是苗族人尊称的始祖—— 蚩尤，蚩尤长大后，非常勇敢，武艺超强，于是苗族人把他当选为苗族部落的酋长。蚩尤后来把附近的少数民族全部团结起来，成立了“九黎部落”，这种做法，被称为世界上最早的邻国联盟，就相当于现在欧洲的“北约”。在北方大地之上，还有另外一个强大的民族，黄帝部落，两部落因为旱地(可以种庄稼，可以放家畜的地方)经长互动干戈，蚩尤部落每每占领上风，蚩尤部落打仗非常勇猛，蚩尤是中国历史上的战神，头上有角，铜皮铁骨战无不胜，两部落在历史上7年之内打了37次大仗，黄帝部落连连败退，暂停不战，待部落稍做恢复之后，黄帝找到弟弟炎章商谈之后，两部落进行了联盟，同时炎黄部落制造出了最原始的指南针，当时称战车，在凌晨两三点天还没亮，也是人睡的最熟的时候，炎黄部落用战车定位，所以攻击非常具有方向，蚩尤部部落被突袭之后，四处乱窜，当天亮起时分，蚩尤的九黎部落只剩下一片废墟，这次战域被称为“涿鹿之战”发生在北方河南一带，没有了家园的苗族人，开始了他们的第二次迁徒。

有一些苗族人，漂洋过海，去到了异国它乡，现在世界上很多地方都有苗族人的分布，美国有一个“梦”的组织就是苗族的后人，他们在美国有自己的教育机构，教育孩子学习苗族文化，亚洲的韩国、日本、新加坡、中国台湾等地都有苗族人的分布，蚩尤带领一支苗族人，往南迁逃，炎黄部落继续追杀，在黄河岸边蚩尤为了保护自己部落的人一人孤身奋战最终战死，炎黄部落把蚩尤的皮剥下，把骨峭干，把筋抽出做了一面鼓，这是世界上最早的一面鼓，炎黄部落后面与其它部落打仗的时候，把这面鼓摆在最前方，由两人敲打，来鼓励军心，连战无不胜的蚩尤部落都被我们打败了，还怕什么仗打不赢。

后来因为鼓的独特节奏，成为了人们生活之中的乐器，今天的苗乡同样是鼓乡，学者称世界上有两个民族，用独特的敲击方式，让鼓有了灵魂，一个是非洲的土著居民，一个是中国的苗族人，苗族人把对祖先的怀念与崇拜，用双手击鼓表达了出来，蚩尤战死后，部落一直向南迁徒，面对涛涛的黄河水，苗族人得到了水牛的搭救，他们座在水牛背上，渡过了黄河，我们如果有机会前往苗寨，一定会看到，在寨门之上挂了许多的水牛头，苗族人视水牛头为圣物、平安生，大家可以摸摸牛头，可保平安的。

渡过黄河，横渡长江，苗族人来到了今天的湖南洞庭湖一带，湖南史册记载，最先来到湖南的一群人是“五溪苗蛮”(古时汉人称少数民族为“蛮”)，那么洞庭湖，是不是像现在所说的，洞庭鱼米香或者湖广熟天下熟、不是，湖南其实是一个不适合人居住的地方，最先来到这里的苗族人，看到的洞庭湖一片荒野，湖南三面环山，中有四水，北方开一口，冬天寒气由北而入，寒气无法散去，非常冷，夏天烈日当头，热气无法散去，所以中国的四大火炉其中就有长沙，但是苗族人并没有因此屈服，他们又通过自己的勤劳、智慧，在洞庭湖流域开始重建家园，繁殖生熄，慢慢部落又壮大起来了，这时炎黄部落刚发生争战，炎章战败后向南迁移，得知苗族部门又一直在南方的洞庭湖生活，于是炎帝部落向苗族部落发起了进攻，炎章去世后，葬于湖南株洲，后来一直到舜帝年间，才将苗族部落击崩，于是苗族人只能往湖南与贵洲的大山迁徒，这次迁徙时间长达520xx年以上。

中国古时候开始通用货币后，苗族人每次迁徒之前，都会将自己家里值钱的东西贩卖成货币，中国古时候用银做为货币的时间最长，苗族人也因此接触到了银。中国古时候的老百姓手中拿到的都是碎银，只有当官的人、从商的人手中才有银碇子，如果有那个百姓得到了银淀子，那就发大财了。碎银非常不方便携带，就如同硬币，而且苗族人行走在大山里，常常攀爬，一不小心，碎银很容易丢失，苗族是一个充满智慧的民族，他们利用银的软度，用硬物在每个碎银上，打上一个小孔，然后用绳子串连起来，帮在身体上，时间久了苗族人感觉到曾经身体所发生的一些疾病竟然没有了，他们用自己的信仰解释了这一作用，银是人身体的保护神，是因为带上银以后，得到了天神的保佑，其实现在科学证实，银里面的银离子会通过人体、毛细孔进入体能，银离子能杀菌，从而对人体的每个器官都起到了保护作用，所以当人感冒时，银还可以用来刮沙。

现在军事上的医疗沙布，就是用银丝与锦丝织成的，银丝能为伤口杀菌，可以为伤员多争取抢救的时间，苗族人在喝水的时候，一不小心银子落入水中，如果银子变黑，这水一定不能喝，他们认为是神灵在帮助他们，所以现在苗族人在喝水时还有这种习惯，在水源旁转上一圈，口中念念有词，他们在乞求神灵赐水，完了之后才能喝，科学证实是银可以鉴别毒性，长时间的大山迁徒后，苗族人终于在湖南湘西与贵洲边境大山最深处停下了迁徒的脚步，这一带是现在黔东南，停留下来的苗族人，又开始接受另一种生存环境的挑战，同时这一带的苗族部落又出现了另一位祖先姜央，姜央的出现让苗族人的文化得以传递，因为之前在迁徒过程中，为了不让汉人得知自己的过去与未来，苗族人将自己民族所有文字性的记载，一把火全烧光了，姜央让苗族人，通过生活与风俗习惯，记载自己的历史与文化。

苗族人谈恋爱，是必须得唱苗歌，苗歌被称为古歌，每一句每一首都记载了不同时间，苗族人的生活环境，苗族古歌唱到，始祖蚩尤战死后化为一颗枫香树，从树心飞出了一只蝴蝶与枫香树叶谈恋爱，在水里产下十二个蛋，其中有一个蛋孕育出了苗族祖先姜央，古歌被列入了中国非物质文化遗产，苗族女孩身上所穿的衣服，被称为刺绣，衣领花纹非常精美，颜色绚丽，那是苗族人对自己最初家园的怀念与记载，曾经的美丽家园，如同世外桃园，但以成为梦境，在衣袖上面，绣上三道不同颜色的花纹，代表了他们祖先曾迁徒渡过的泯江、黄河、长江，刺绣被列入了中国的非物质文化遗产，同样科学家称苗族人是最先感受到银给人身体带来好处的一群人，所以苗族人的生活之中离不开银，他们也通过白银锻造成衣的方式，记载了自己的历史与文化。苗族人家里再穷，有女儿的一定要为女儿做一套苗家盛装，等女儿成年后，让她穿上去参加苗族人谈恋爱的围场芦荟节，纯白银饰，也因此像征了纯洁的爱情，出嫁的时候婆家会准备一套，做为礼金，在大喜之日穿上。

家里生小孩了，外婆会准备一个长命锁，一对鐲子，一对脚链，送给自己的外孙，苗族人认为小孩戴上银以后可以辟邪，挂在胸前的长命锁，铃铛发出叮铛声，脏东西就不敢靠近了，爷爷奶奶会准备银筷子、银碗送给小孩，长时间得到银离子保护的小孩，身体肯定健康，而苗族人认为是银保护了自己的小孩，千年流传至今，精练的手工锻造，被列入了中国的非物质文化遗产。

不断追求教学的新境界

一、《品德与社会》教材特点

（一）结构框架：主题板块相对独立，同心圆交叉递进。

1.安排合理的梯度，相同内容虽重复出现，但要求提高，螺旋上升。

2 .根据儿童生活领域不断扩大的实际，以他们的社会生活为主线，采用跨学科、融会综合的编写模式。

（二）教材倾向：凸现爱心、责任感教育

1.无论从小学生的情感特点、还是个体品德心理形成的过程看，儿童爱心和责任感的发育成长，是十分重要的，人生的积极态度必以向善和向上情感为依托，公民意识的形成则与个体责任感相辅相成。（对家乡的责任感）

2.作为情感教育，个体的感受和体验非常重要。为此，教材设置大量“爱与被爱”的情景讨论，以及可操作的活动，在呈现上，我们还力图使之形象化，激发学生的情感。

（三）教材内容：选择儿童生活事件和情景化材料

1.以课程标准的内容标准为选材的直接依据，适当拓展。

2.在标准的框架内选取相应的儿童生活事件，梳理学生三到六年级成长、发展过程中，可能会遇到哪些具有普遍意义的生活难题、道德冲突和社会性发展方面的困惑，使内容标准生活化、情景化。

3.内容选择上并不是将儿童生活简单翻版，具有既源于生活，又高于（引导）生活的特点。

4.教材的内容涉及诸多领域，题材广泛，主题多元。

5.在教材内容安排上亦有一定的弹性，给学生和教师留有发挥创造的空间。

（四）教材呈现： 小切口、层层深入；重践行，图文并茂

1.针对学习对象从童年中期向少年期过渡的身心特点和认知规律，教材内容呈现，通常采取小切口，层层深入的方式，给学生亲切自然的感受。

2.为贴近儿童生活，教材努力在呈现方式上图文并茂，为学生喜闻乐见。

（ 五 ）教材衔接 ：通盘考虑、整体把握

1.两门课程属于同一类综合课程。各年龄段儿童生活的领域虽然会不断扩大，但基本领域却是相同的。

2.注重二者的有机对接，通盘考虑，整体把握全套教材的内容，对重复出现的内容标准，选择不同的切入点，设置合理梯度，提出不同的学习要求，尽量使其边界清晰，避免重复学习。

（六）地方特色： 突出地方文化，培养学生热爱家乡的情感

“我的家乡”是课程标准中的六个主题之一。教材以养育我们的荆楚大地的历史文化、风俗传统、名人先辈为内容，对学生会感到十分亲切和自然。通过学习探究，激发学生热爱家乡湖北的情感，为家乡而自豪。

二、在不断追问中追求的教学境界

追问一:教学回归怎样的生活世界？

1.回归现实生活世界。

回归与教学内容和任务相对应的现实世界。（航标与旋涡）

忘记了教学而盲目回归，最终失去生活。（锤炼与提升）

2.回归精神层面的生活世界。

生活世界包括两个层面一是现实的、具体的；二是理想的、精神文化层面的生活。教学应当同时关注这两个层面。教学要帮助学生思考和认识生活的意义、目的、价值以及什么样的生活值得去过。回归可能的生活。

3.回归动态更新的生活世界

第一生活现象的更新

第二生活问题的更新

第三科学技术的更新

第四文化意识的更新

第五社会关系的更新

帮助学生在动态的变化中深刻认识生活，保持时代性，是对本课程教学的挑战。

追问二:课堂教学需要什么样的教学氛围？

1.学生需要关怀而非冷漠、理解而非说教、尊重而非霸道的教学氛围。

2.快节奏，高密度，大信息量并不一定等于教学的高效益。

3.教学中评价表扬的异化。

此类问题的产生与评课导向有关。

追问三:如何实现教学形式的教育价值？

1.适宜、适当的教学形式是课堂教学顺利进行的保证。教学的表演化问题。

2.在教学中必须反复追问教学形式的教育价值。（“对话”变成“问答”；有活动却没有体验；合作有形式却无实质；课堂有温度却无深度；有探究之形却无探究之实。）

3.重视仅仅追求教学形式的负面影响。

追问四:学生作业形式、功能如何拓展？

1.作业是学生延伸性的学习活动

2.对本课程作业的功能的认识

3.本课程的“高水平作业”：调查采访性作业、自主性作业、应用性作业、分析性作业、综合作业、养成性作业。

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夜晚的虹桥更美,灯光星星点点地洒落在湖面上。

凤凰古城是一个古色古香的古城，那种美在我心中留下了美好的印象。

大明边城景区，位于贵州省___市东郊，于水晶阁沿锦江右岸展开，总投资11.9亿元，毗邻“五大佛教名山”梵净山，“中国最美丽的小城”湖南凤凰古城及“世界自然遗产”张家界。

整个景区以“明”史为据，以“明”文化为内涵，以“明”军事为主脉，以地方特色为背景，致力于明朝以来贵州600年历史文化的挖掘，集“吃住行游购娱”及“休闲、养生、体育、影视”等为一体，是西南最大的综合历史文化景区!

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自然之城——千里辰水，源于锦江。在这边化外之地，沿江的吊脚楼默默的讲述着千年古老的传说，江上的渔翁仍在用上千年遗留下的方

式捕鱼，静静的，感受最后一片净土留给世人最后的安宁

文化之城——作为五溪文化发祥地，多民族聚居碰撞与融合，孕育了边城丰富离奇的少数民族文化：土司文化、巫蛊文化、夜郎文化、苗药文化在此融合发展。