北京香山导游图高清精彩20篇

Prince Gongs residence is located in Qianhai West Street, XichengDistrict, Beijing. It is the largest palace in Qing Dynasty. It was successivelyused as the residence of the corrupt official and Prince Qing. Later, it wasgiven to Prince Gong Yixin, hence the name of Prince Gongs residence, which isstill in use today. Prince Gongs residence has gone through the historicalprocess of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, so there is a sayingthat "a Prince Gongs residence, half of the history of the Qing Dynasty".

&This is the description of Prince Gongs residence in historicalbooks. In terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in thecapital. The ancients paid great attention to Fengshui in building houses andgardens. It is said that there are two dragon veins in Beijing. One is the EarthDragon, which is the dragon vein of the Forbidden City; the other is the waterdragon, which refers to the line between Houhai and Beihai. Prince Gongsresidence is just on the connecting line between Houhai and Beihai, which is thedragon vein. Therefore, Fengshui is very good. The ancients took water as theirwealth. They found water everywhere in Prince Gongs mansion. The water of thelargest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from Yuquan lake, andit only entered but did not flow out. Therefore, it is more in line with thetheory of geomantic omen. Chinas top ten marshals and Guo Moruo and others alllived near Prince Gongs residence and lived a long life. It is said that theplace with the largest number of long-lived people in Beijing is near PrinceGongs residence. This place is really a treasure land of geomantic omen.

Prince Gongs mansion is composed of two parts: Mansion and garden. It isabout 330 meters long from north to South and 180 meters wide from east to west.It covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters ofmansion and 28860 square meters of garden. The mansion is not only spacious, butalso the highest standard of architecture. The obvious signs are the front doorand the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms, fiveback rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. There mustbe no more royal mansions than these. The form of the house and the color of thetiles should not exceed the standard. There are three courtyards in the middle,East and West roads of Prince Gongs mansion, and the back two courtyards ofeach road are the main areas for people to visit.

The mansion building is divided into East, middle and West roads, each ofwhich is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strictcentral axis from south to north.

The main buildings on the middle road are yinan hall and Jiale hall. Theroof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middleroad and the identity of the prince. The front courtyard of East Road is calledduofuxuan. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for morethan 200 years. It is still growing very well. It is extremely rare in thecapital. The main room of the backyard on East Road is called "ledotang", whichwas the living place of Prince Gong Yi Xin. The siheyuan on the west road isrelatively small and exquisite. The main buildings are Baoguang room andxijinzhai. The most exquisite work is xijinzhai, which belongs to thehigh-profile school. There are exquisitely carved sections of Nanmu in the hall,which is in the style of ningshou palace in the Forbidden City (this is one ofthe "twenty crimes" of Hezhens being condemned to death). In the deepest partof the mansion, there is a two-story back cover building, 156 meters long fromeast to west. There are 88 windows on the back wall. There are 108 rooms in thebuilding, commonly known as "99 rooms and a half", which means "when you getthere, you will get rich".

Its called "Langrun garden" or "cuijin garden". Its commonly known asGongwangfu garden. Wandering in the garden is like walking in the mountains andrivers. Echoing the residence, the garden is also divided into East, West andEast. The entrance of the middle road is a white marble arched stone gate withwestern architectural style, centered on the stele of "Fu" written by EmperorKangxi, with dulefeng and bat pool in front and green sky Xiaoyin and bat hallin the back. The layout is memorable. The Grand Theater Hall on the east road isdecorated with fresh and beautiful decoration. The purple flowers of twigs andvines are in full bloom, making people feel like watching the Opera under thevines. At the south end of the theater, the Ming daozhai, the winding pathleading to seclusion, the hanging green Yue, the singing fragrance and thedrunken moon, and the Liubei Pavilion constitute the garden in the garden. Inthe garden, there are towering ancient trees, lots of strange rocks, wateraround the mountains, pavilions, pavilions and corridors. The landscape of thegarden under the moonlight is ever-changing, with a unique cave. Many Chineseand foreign tourists come here, looking for the past of green mountains, clearwaters and winding paths.

Prince Gongs residence, located in Qianhai West Street, was built in 1776& mdash; 1785. It was originally the private residence of He Li, a favoriteMinister of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After he Li was killed in Jiaqing forcorruption, the private residence here was given to King Qing. During the reignof Tongzhi, because Prince Gong Yixin cooperated with Cixi to launch a coup,Empress Dowager Cixi gave the house to him and became Prince Gongsresidence.

The hall of silver Luan is the main building of Prince Gongs residence. Asthe main hall of the palace, it can only be opened when there are importantevents and festivals, which plays a role of etiquette. In the early years of theRepublic of China, due to an accidental fire, the main hall was burned togetherwith the East and west side halls. Now the courtyard of yinan hall isrebuilt.

The architecture in the period of Hetao. There is a plaque on the side ofJiale hall. It is suspected that the plaque was given to Hezhen by EmperorQianlong, but there is no money and seal on the plaque, so there is no reason toconfirm it. However, Hezhen has jialetang poetry anthology, which indicates thatit is the room name of Hezhen. In the period of Prince Gong, Jiale hall wasmainly used as the sacrificial place of the Royal Palace, where the tablets ofancestors and gods were offered, and Shamanism was the main ritual. PrinceGongs mansion covers an area of about 60000 square meters. It is divided intotwo parts: the mansion and the garden. It has more than 30 buildings of varioustypes, with exquisite layout and extraordinary style. Its garden, also known asjincui garden, has a high artistic level in layout and design. The gardenimitates the palace of peaceful longevity in the imperial palace. The park issurrounded by rockeries in the shape of "mountain". In the East, South and West,there are mounds of earth and stone. In the middle of the road, there are cavesand gullies made of Fangshan stone. The top platform becomes the highest pointof the whole garden. From a high position, you can see the whole garden. PrinceGongs mansion was rebuilt on the basis of the officials residence. Among the20 major crimes he convicted in that year, there was the problem of "potentialwaste and overstepping the system" about the decoration of the eaves. Forexample, the 13th section of the article "found that the house of he had a nanmuhall, and its multi box structure and partition doors and windows imitated thesystem of ningshou Palace";. Therefore, the decoration of the eaves of PrinceGongs residence is unique in the culture of Prince Gongs residence

1、 It has the highest specifications and can be compared with the palacebuildings

The decoration of the eaves of the main halls of Prince Gongs mansion isnot only duobaoge and partition, but also xianlou and the sacrificial stove withPilu hat in the temple. And has the indoor rockery pool, the decoration becomesthe indoor small garden, is ingenious.

2、 There are many forms

From the leitu, we can see that there were more than 20 buildings decoratedwith inner eaves in those years, and there were many types, such as taishibi,throne bed, blue gauze cabinet, sacrificial stove, Wanzi Kang, several legscover, floor cover, Kang cover, true and false door, xianlou, shuge, duobaoge,shunshan Kang, front and back eaves Kang, etc.

3、 Flexible demarcation and rich space:

The main halls of Prince Gongs mansion are composed of solemn and solemnopen space, private space, symmetrical space, asymmetric space and flexiblespace. Some are suitable to receive senior guests, some are used for Shamanismsacrificial activities, some are suitable for daily life, and some are used assleep, so different space needs are appropriate.

4、 Exquisite workmanship and superb skills:

It can be seen from the decoration remains of Prince Gongs mansion thathardwood is used. The processed wood can be made into small sections, and thecarving patterns are undulating accurately. Moreover, various kinds of wagonscan be made by using circles or curves. Only on the basis of fine processing canit be completed. The construction difficulty is amazing. Unfortunately, most ofthe original eaves decoration of Prince Gongs mansion has disappeared. Today,through the study of the culture of Prince Gongs mansion, we should furtherexcavate it, combine with the future exhibition requirements of the Museum ofPrince Gongs mansion, and reproduce the glory of that year.

In 1776, the 41st year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin began to buildhis luxurious house, which was called "he di";. It is said that during the reignof emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty, Li Guang, the great eunuch, was onceplaced here. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing,Emperor Hongli returned to heaven. On the next day, Jiaqing stripped theMinister of military aircraft and the governor of Jiumen from his home. It isestimated that his total wealth is about 800 million taels of silver, which isequivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for 15 years. Therefore,there is a saying that "when he falls, Jiaqing is satisfied.". On February 22,1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was ordered to commitsuicide;. The house itself, however, is owned by Prince Qingyu, his youngerbrother.

At the same time, Qianlongs daughter and Princess Xiao, who were marriedto the son of Hetao, still lived in half the house. In 1851, the first year ofXianfeng, Prince Gong Yi, an important political figure in the late QingDynasty, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name toPrince Gongs house, which is still in use today. &"A Prince Gongs mansion,half of the history of Qing Dynasty" is the evaluation of Prince Gongs Mansionby Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer. In the early years of the Republic ofChina, the palace was sold to the church by Prince Gongs grandson Pu Wei for400000 yuan. Later, it was redeemed by Furen university with 108 gold bars andused as a school for girls. After the founding of new China, Wangfu has beenused by dormitories of the Ministry of public security, fan factories,conservatory of music and other units.

Prince Gongs mansion is the most complete preserved building complex inChina, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with themansion in the front and the garden in the back. The opening of Prince Gongsresidence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. In 1975, Premier Zhouentrusted Gu Mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of whichwas the opening of Prince Gongs residence.

Prince Gongs residence was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of theQing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Heshi, a bachelor.

In the early years of Tongzhi, Yixin, the third generation of the hosthere, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. He was verypowerful and distinguished for a time. He built the mansion and renovated thepart of the mansion. It was at that time that the architectural scale andpattern of Prince Gongs mansion was finally formed.

The first half of Prince Gongs mansion is a magnificent mansion, and thesecond half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly60000 square meters. The mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant,with bright corridors and ridges. It is second only to the imperial palace. Thecuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains,with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.

According to the existing literature, in this Fengshui treasure land on theWest Bank of Qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was alarge-scale temple in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was full of incense andfull of visitors. Even the emperor came here to worship the Buddha. It was onlyin the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned andreduced to a supply factory of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty came toBeijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinarybanners such as the house of internal affairs.

Around the 40th year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin, who was red andpurple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this Fengshui treasure land,which is surrounded by water, connected to the western mountains, and not farfrom the emperors home. He bought many properties here at a high price andbuilt them into famous "and" Di ";.

Prince Gongs residence is known as "half of the history of Qing Dynasty",which is closely related to the three generations of owners living here. As weall know, the first generation of government leader he Lu was a Zaifu and abachelor in the late Qianlong period. He was also a famous corrupt official inhistory. He attracted peoples attention in the history of the Qing Dynasty, andthere were so many legends about him. In particular, his son, Fengshen Yin De,later married the youngest daughter of Emperor Qianlong, Gu Lun, and PrincessXiao, which made the mansion a real princess house for a while;

In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he Zhen died for his crime, so the emperorof Jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother Yongzhen, the king of Qingjun.Yongli is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. As earlyas when he Lin was in power, all the princes of Qianlong agreed that no matterwho became emperor in the future, he would be killed. But the 17th PrinceYonglin said: "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, Iwill be satisfied if he Lins mansion is awarded to me!";

When it comes to Yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. But whenit comes to his grandson, Yizhe, the prince of Qing who signed the "Treaty ofsorrow and Disgrace" with Li Hongzhang and the Allied forces of the eightcountries, Im afraid everyone knows about him. Yi Zhe is also a famous corruptofficial in modern Chinese history, but compared with the cowardly andincompetent Bailey in the late Qing Dynasty, he is still a man who dares to beresponsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. Therefore, since the TongzhiDynasty, Yi zhe has been favored by Empress Dowager Cixi. Before Xianfengchanged his residence to Prince Gong, he lived here as a general of theauxiliary country.

As for Prince Gong Yixin, he was one of the most important politicalfigures in modern Chinese history. He participated in the second Opium War andalmost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). During the"Xinyou coup", he helped Cixi to the throne of "hanging curtain to listen topolitics"; It is no exaggeration to say that without Yi Xin, the whole modernChinese history, and even the later Chinese history, would have beenrewritten.

If all things in the world are spiritual, then this beautiful buildingsurrounded by "panlongshui" is destined to be a miserable garden full of sadtemperament and ill fated from the day it was born.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), after he was executed, EmperorJiaqing gave the west half of the mansion to his seventeen younger brotherYongyu, who only wanted to live in hes house but not in the emperors seat. Thereason why they only gave him half of them was that the Emperor Qianlongs tenprincesses and their son-in-law, Fengshen Yinde, lived there at that time.

Princess Hexiao is the most legendary princess in the whole history of QingDynasty. Her biological mother is Wangs favorite concubine in the late years ofEmperor Qianlong. In the first month of Qianlongs 40th year, when the youngestdaughter came to the world, whose temperament and appearance all resembled herfathers, the emperor was already 65 years old. Although the ten princesses werewomen, they were born with divine power. They could open ten strong bows andoften rode with their father in hunting. As a result, Qianlong loved her morethan all his children. He sighed more than once: "if you are an elder brother,the throne will belong to you in the future!" indeed, the ten princesses werenot only excellent in martial arts, but also had an extraordinary mind. When hewas happy, his son-in-law relied on his father-in-law and behaved delicatelyEven though, the princess once sternly reprimanded him: "you, Amar, have beengracious to my father. You dont want to repay him, but you only know how totake bribes. Im worried about you. On the day when my wealth is not guaranteed,even I will be affected by you“

Although the ten Princesses words were unfortunately right, EmperorJiaqing still remembered his brother and sisters love and did not deprive himof the title of his younger sister husband. The princess and his wife stilllived in their original home. Therefore, the house was divided into two parts:QingWangs house in the West and princesss house in the East. It was not untilSeptember 1823, when the tenth Princess died, that the whole house came underthe name of QingWang. At that time, Yongyu had been dead for more than threeyears;

After 1911, according to the regulations of the government of the Republicof China on preferential treatment of Qing Dynasty, the palace became theprivate property of the owner. Later, because of the political turmoil and thedifficulties of livelihood, the posterity kings and grandchildren came intobeing one after another

大家好：我是你们的导游，你们可以叫我小王。先感谢你们来北京旅游，

你们知道“鸟巢”象征的意义吗?还是我来告诉你们吧!很多看过“鸟巢”设计模型的人这样形容：那是一个用树枝般的钢网把一个可容10万人的体育场编织成的一个温馨鸟巢!用来孕育与呵护生命的“巢”，寄托着人类对未来的希望。?我再来讲一下“鸟巢”的节省资源之处.?设计并搭建“鸟巢”不易，要让“鸟巢”在未来的日子里充满生机与活力更为不易。据介绍，“鸟巢”设计之初和深化设计的过程中，一直贯穿着节俭办奥运和可持续发展的理念，在满足奥运使用功能的前提下，充分考虑永久设施和临时设施的平衡。按照要求，“鸟巢”共设10万个座席，其中8万个是永久性的，另外两万个是奥运会期间临时增加的。?我现在给大家一些时间，如果想拍照就可以多照几张，多留些纪念。好了你们自由活动吧!

下面我再带大家去水立方游玩，水立方即国家游泳中心，位于北京奥林匹克公园内，20__年12月24开工。是北京为20__年夏季奥运会修建的主游泳馆，也是20__年北京奥运会标志性建筑物之一。

其与国家体育场(俗称鸟巢)分列于北京城市中轴线北端的两侧，共同形成相对完整的北京历史文化名城形象。

20__年奥运会期间，国家游泳中心承担游泳、跳水、花样游泳、水球等比赛，可容纳观众坐席17000座，其中永久观众坐席为6000座，奥运会期间增设临时性座位11000个(赛后将拆除)。赛后将建成为具有国际先进水平的、集游泳、运动、健身、休闲于一体的中心。现在大家尽情的游玩吧!

各位游客，大家好!我是本次的导游，我姓李，大家可以叫我李导。今天我们要参观的就是古代皇帝祭天的地方——北京天坛。

大家跟我走，这里就是祈年殿。看，那28根用金丝楠木做的高大柱子支撑着整个祈年殿。最中间的四根柱子支撑着最上层屋檐，象征春、夏、秋、冬四季。中围十二根柱子支撑第二层屋檐，象征十二个月。外围十二根柱子顶着第三层屋檐，象征着一天中十二个时辰。中外围共二十四根柱子，代表一年二十四个节气。一共二十八根柱子代表着天上的二十八星宿。最奇特的是祈年殿的内部结构。大家看，祈年殿内没有大梁和长檩，只用楠木柱和枋桷撑起屋顶。

大家往这边走，这就是著名的圜丘坛。这里又名天台，是曾经皇帝孟冬祭天的地方。圜丘坛有5.2米多高，分成三层。三三得九，九在古代是阳数，古时候的工匠就用这个数来赋予圜丘台上的崇高。注意到了圜丘坛的奇特之处了吗?站在圜丘坛的中心向外喊，就会有巨大的回声传来，如同几十张嘴在向你大喊。好了，说了那么多，大家休息一下。想去拍照的拍照，注意卫生，做一个文明的游客。

谢谢大家聆听我的讲解，时间也不早了，希望我们下次有缘相见。

今天我要给大家讲一下陕西历史博物馆!

如果你去过西安，陕西历史博物馆是比去之处，你要去看看那的文物，是十四朝的古都，占地56000平方米，里面分周、六国、秦、三国、汉、晋、隋、唐六个区域，那我就给大家说三个吧!

周朝很特殊，那时几乎没有部队，也不打仗，老百姓过着无忧无虑的生活，一个叫“嬴政”的人觉得，生活在这个朝代不好，于是他招兵买马，大家都像嬴政靠拢，第一天拿下了潼关，十天后陕西的一半都被秦拿下了，二十天后周军逃亡浙江一带，秦拿下陕西。

六国之战完后，秦统一了中国，秦还未统一中国十年，项羽、刘邦就结盟，攻打秦国。开始在秦始皇的引导下，秦防守的非常出色，一个月来一个城都未被攻下来，让刘邦、项羽无法下手，可有一天秦始皇病死了，让他的儿子接班，儿子很不争气，吃喝玩乐不管国家大事，自以为爸爸的军队多么出色，不一会上海、浙江、安徽、湖南、山西就丢了，湖南、山西可是陕西的盾牌啊!可他并没有进攻，只是防守，又说湖北、四川被攻下，加上突厥来捣乱，不到一个月陕西就被攻下了。这让我懂得了强久必弱，弱久必强。

我爱陕西博物馆，我爱西安，这次游览使我终身难忘。

Prince Gongs residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

Prince Gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gongs palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.

Prince Gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".

Prince Gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi

There are five main reasons why he is favored

First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.

Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Honglisforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Honglis reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

Many friends come to Prince Gongs residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didnt mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )

2、 Scenic spots in the mansion

The main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yinan hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.

The new construction process of yinan Hall:

The yinan hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?

The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.

Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.

Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.

Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.

Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

Jiale Hall

Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.

Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.

Grand Theater

The grand theater building of Prince Gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. Its very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yis birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGongs mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gongs mansion. Now?

北京大学导游词

北京大学的前身是京师大学堂，1898年12月正式开学。当时的京师大学堂既是中国的最高学府，也是中国最高的教育行政机关。下面是小编收集整理的北京大学导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

北京大学导游词(一)

北大燕园其实是原来燕京大学的校址，但是很多北大学生对此段历史知之甚少，然而最近有很多团体来北大参观，最让人神往的莫过于未名博雅的秀丽景色，如不能让参观者知道关于这个园子的真实历史，实在让人惭愧，谨以此文分享给愿意做导游的学生，希望我们的一言一行都为这个校园增添光彩!

西校门

西校门是北京大学原来的正门。因为是校友1920xx年捐资所建，故也称作校友门。1920xx年3月15日，燕大正式挂匾，同时举办男女两校合并的联欢会，合并仪式由蔡元培主持，校门上燕京大学的牌匾为他所题。

西门华表

这两座华表是圆明园安佑宫中的遗物之一，当年被安放在安佑宫琉璃坊前。在清末民初崇彝的《道咸以来朝野杂记》中有记载曰： “鸿慈永祜，在月地云居之后，循山径入，其中为安佑宫，乾隆七年建，其前琉璃坊三座，左右华表刻云气，甚精巧，民国十四年犹及见之。闻人言：今已为燕京大学所取。” 根据这段记载，这两座华表至迟当建于乾隆七年(1742)。至于如何从圆明园移到燕园，当年的《燕京大学校刊》曾对此有较为详细的记载，称移此华表时，曾“商诸圆明园之主管者，拟将此石柱移归本校保存，并经地方当事人之认可，遂鸠工起运，陆续移来三座”，“国立北平图书馆落成，商准北平市政府，将存放天安门前之石柱移归该馆，同时函商本校，请将所存之三柱移赠其一，当即准如所请，函报市政府备案，并声明尚存二柱，仍由本校保存，旋得市政府认可，於是本校行政执行委员会乃决议将此二柱竖立於贝公楼前，以资瞻仰。此项竖立费及配制柱顶之镇物费，为数约一千数百元。” 但是仔细观察一下这对华表，会发现一粗一细，并非一对。原来1920xx年燕京大学建校舍时，只从圆明园运来了三根，第四根却被运到城里，1931年曾横卧在天安门前道南。当北京图书馆建文津街新馆时，欲将燕大多余的一根华表搬走与天安门前的另一根合成一对，不料搬运时阴错阳差，结果燕大和北图的华表皆不成对，成就了这一桩趣事。

贝公楼(Bashford Hall)：

燕大的主楼，即现在北大的办公楼，称为贝公楼，是为纪念美以美会会督贝施德(又译贝施福)，1920xx年落成时的英文名即为Bashford Hall。燕京大学的前身是美国美以美教会开办的汇文大学。其首任校长李安德是丁韪良的一位密友，当李安德于1893年因病去世以后，包括丁韪良在内的校董事会一致推选贝施福为汇文大学堂的第二任校长，同时选举刘海澜为常务副校长。贝施福当时也是美国俄亥俄州卫斯理大学的校长。虽然他于1920xx年正式来北京传教之前并没有太多的时间来实际主持和过问汇文大学堂的具体事务，但由于他是一位颇负盛名的教育家，同时又具有管理一所美国名牌大学的丰富经验，所以他对于提升汇文大学堂学术和管理水准是起了很大作用的。尤其是自从他亲自来北京主持美以美会的教务活动之后，以及在1913-1920xx年任上海美以美会会督期间，更是在汇文大学堂的财力上给予了鼎力支持。与此同时，贝施福还是一位藏书家和多产的史学家，编著过《中国与美以美会》(1906)、《美以美会在华一百年文献集》(1907)和《中国述论》(1916)等重要的在华教会史文献。1920xx年在上海逝世之前，贝施福向汇文大学堂遗赠了他所收藏的大量书籍，其中有很多是善本书。它们后来成为燕京大学图书馆西文书收藏中的核心部分。至今在北大图书馆的书库中仍能找到上千册有贝施福亲笔签名的西文书籍，内容大都跟在华传教士和中国历史文化有关。为了纪念他对于汇文大学堂和燕京大学的突出贡献， 1920xx年落成时便用他的名字命名。卫理会海外传教团捐款16万美元建造。 贝公楼的正门是在可以远眺燕山的西面。门前原来有一棵挺拔而高大的松树，还有一块西方所有大学校园均少不了的长方形草地。贝公楼正门上方的屋檐之下还挂有一块很大的牌匾，上书“贝公楼”三个大字。从1939年和1941年《燕大年刊》的老照片上我们都可以清晰地看到这一块牌匾。“贝公楼”的牌匾其实跟那块被奉为国宝的“大学堂”牌匾一样，都是具有很高历史文物价值的。

贝公楼原来正门的上方有一个小阳台，每当校内举行大型的集会时，这个阳台常常被用作一个讲坛，而听众们就站在办公楼与西校门之间的一大片草地上。1957年，当苏联的最高苏维埃主席伏罗希洛夫在周总理陪同下访问北大时，就曾经站在这儿对下面站满草坪北大师生发表过热情洋溢的讲演。可惜这样的壮观场面如今已难以重现。

宁德楼(Ninde Hall)

宁德楼(又称宗教楼，今北大外院民主楼)，是燕园第一座建筑，1920xx年落成，作为学校的宗教学院所在地，由在上海的甘维尔夫妇捐赠，以纪念前美以美会会督宁德威廉牧师(Bishop William X. Ninde)。宁德威廉牧师与其妻1895年来华，自此从未中断过祷告，祈求这个伟大而有着悠久历史的国家早日福音化 。宁德楼二楼有小礼拜堂，学校的主要圣事都在这里举行，这里还进行许多重要的选举，这个礼拜堂至今犹在。

穆楼(McBrier Recitation Hall)

由托事部的司库、银行家穆布莱(McBrier)捐款10万美元所建，今为北大外文楼。科学楼(Science Buildings)

其中一个由洛克菲勒基金会用于建设北京协和大学医学预科的资金中的一部分兴建，今为北大化学南楼和化学北楼。燕大图书馆

燕京大学图书馆位于贝公楼南侧，即今天的北京大学档案馆，是由托马斯贝利(Thomas Berry)夫妇的三个女儿为纪念父母的遗愿——“在全中国推广学习”而捐款五万美元兴建的，以其收藏的善本书和古籍书而著称。1952年院系调整时，它已有图书期刊40万册，未编图书期刊18万册，另拓片120xx余张，木刻书板2400块。其中收善本以明、清刻本及抄本居多，宋元版本也不少。 善本书数量高达3578种，37484册。由于燕大作为原教会学校的特殊地位，在西文书收藏中最著名的要数基督教神学和有关基督教在文化传播史方面的收藏。古籍丛书也是国内图书馆中收藏最丰富者之一。此外，燕京大学图书馆还收到来自各方的赠书。其中有孙中山先生从自家书架上亲自取下的一包书，还有美国校友分别于1920xx年和1920xx年赠送的书。李赋宁先生在一篇题为《我与北大图书馆》的回忆文章中写道，在他初来北大任教的日子里，正是燕京大学保存的西文特藏书，使他能够顺利地备课和准备讲演稿，并在北大图书馆度过了一段祥和而严肃的研究时光。

甘德阁，麦风阁(又称姊妹楼，今南阁和北阁)

甘德阁为Mrs David Gamble捐款所建，南北二阁建于1920xx年，北边的麦风阁为音乐教室和男女学生活动室，南边的甘德阁当时作为女部的办公楼使用。它们是以美德博士(Miss Luella Miner)的名字来命名的。麦美德博士是原华北协和女子大学的校长，华北协和女子大学并入燕京大学以后，便自动成为燕大的女部，麦美德(Miner)就成为燕大首任女部主任。麦博士在任只有三年，但是为燕大作出了历史性的贡献。因而在海淀新校园落成时，依据当时给建筑命名的惯例，就将这两座美丽典雅的阁楼以麦美德来命名了。从甘德阁和麦风阁到南北阁的转变，估计也是因缘于钱穆先生的提议。从那时开始，甘德阁和麦风阁的名称就逐渐被人们淡忘在历史的角落了。

圣人楼(Sage Hall 今天的俄文楼)

当时是女子学院教学楼，由罗素塞奇基金会(Russel Sage Foundation) 捐资兴建，二楼有礼拜堂，专供女子圣事服侍之用。钟亭铜钟系雍正皇帝降旨所造，是1920xx年，学校用哈佛燕京学社的款项从黑寺 购得。每隔半小时，校园里会响起悠扬的钟声。

男生宿舍(红一到红四楼)，女生宿舍(静园周围的院子)

男生宿舍由众多美国慈善家捐资兴建，第六宿舍由中国人捐资兴建。现在男生宿舍作为行政办公室，女生宿舍是各个文科院系所在地。

思义亭(又称鲁斯亭，今称湖心亭)

为斯克兰顿城(Scranton)的友人为纪念副校长路思义(Henry Winters Luce)所建)(一说为路思的长子亨利鲁滨逊路思(美国《时代》、《生活》杂志的创办人)捐资兴建)。路思义对中国的基督教高等教育事业有很大贡献，他像司徒雷登一样，积极筹款，促进了山东齐鲁大学的组建，1920xx年担任燕大副校长，积极为燕大建设筹款，鉴于他的贡献，中国台湾的东海大学还有以他为名，由贝聿铭设计的路思义教堂。

临湖轩

临湖轩作为校务长住宅，为司徒雷登友人美国费城的乔治柯里夫妇捐建，其实，司徒雷登只住很少的部分，其他分别为学校接待、议事的场所，学校里各种社团开聚餐会、茶话会、招待贵宾、举行婚礼都可以在这里。1920xx年燕大创建10周年座谈会上，冰心教授提议命名为“临湖轩”，并请当时的北大文学院院长胡适题匾。女子体育馆(Boyd Building今北大二体)

女子体育馆系米兰鲍埃的父母威廉鲍埃夫妇(Mr. and Mrs. William Boyd)于1920xx年捐献了9万美元给燕京大学来建设一座女子体育馆，他们还捐献了1万美元在燕京设立奖学金。威廉鲍埃先生曾经是YMCA(男性基督徒年青人联合会)的秘书，而鲍埃夫人又是国际YWCA(女性基督徒年青人联合会)的创始人之一，因此，他们在美国基督教为亚洲捐款的运动中极为活跃。由于他们的努力，在美国基督教女子团体捐助的亚洲7所女子学校中，燕大得到了最大的一笔。300万美元中的60万被用来建设燕京大学校园，鲍埃夫妇10万美元的捐助是其中的一部分。他们的女儿米兰鲍埃毕业于美国威尔斯利女子学院化学系，因为对基督的信仰，1920xx年离开了刚订婚的未婚夫，远涉重洋，来到燕京大学教化学，是燕大最早的女教授之一，米兰后来成为燕大董事会的秘书，继续为燕大的发展筹集款项。不仅如此，她还极其关心中国人民的命运。抗日战争，米兰为中国难民救助会工作，筹集了很大一笔钱。她的女儿卡米拉参加了基督教教育学会的亚洲交流项目，并在1979年第一次来到中国作讲座，她的外孙女谢海日(Heather Smith Xie)24岁来到中国教书，如今，谢海日与她的中国丈夫谢勇住在香港，两个小孩先学中文，后学英文，已经能够流利地讲普通话、广东话和英文。她把她的家庭和生活看作中美友好交往的一个见证。

男子体育馆(Men’s Gymnasium)

即现在的北大一体，大楼是由燕大在美国的托事部主席Mr. Franklin Warner捐资兴建，旁边的运动场地是在纽约的Mr. Carl Hamilton帮助下整理出来的。

翻尾石鱼

翻尾石鱼是圆明园的遗物。1930年燕京大学的毕业生从原朗润园的主人载涛手中将石鱼买下赠给母校作为毕业留念。

北京大学导游词(二)

大家好，欢迎来到百年学府北京大学。很高兴能够作为大家的导游，我叫马导游。希望大家能积极配合我的工作，一起在北大度过一小段快乐的时光。

但是，在出发前，我要先强调一下纪律，请大家听好：

1、校园不是公园，这是一个学习的环境，希望大家不要喧哗，一起来感受校园里该有的氛围。

2、校园景色非常优美，请大家爱护环境，不要践踏草坪，攀枝折花，乱丢废弃物。

3、校园里的人非常多，大家走的时候排成两列纵队，紧跟队伍，千万不要走丢走散了。

要出发了，大家要紧跟着我的思路和脚步，否则你将会错过很多知识和景色哟!出发了，首先先让大家回顾一下北大历史。北大创办于1898年，原名京师大学堂，光绪皇帝亲笔题词“京师大学堂”匾

额。它是中国第一所国立的综合性大学，也是当时最高的教育行政机关，是康梁百日维新的措施之一。慈禧发动政变，把所有的变法都废除了，只保留了京师大学堂。北大从此延续至今。(原校设在北京石景山东街)

1920xx年易名为北京大学校。严复任北大首任校长，积极开设外语学科研究西方文化的新课程。1920xx年红楼竣工，校本部设在故宫后的沙滩。

1920xx年教育家蔡元培先生出任北京大学校长，并且担任中华民国教育总长，他提出思想自由，兼容并包的方针，使北大成为新文化运动的发祥地，为新民主主义革命的发生创造了条件。他聘陈独秀为文科学长，李大钊为图书馆长，胡适、钱玄同为文科教授，李四光为理科教授，马寅初为教务长，著名文学家思想家鲁迅也应聘在北大教授《中国小说史》。毛泽东在北大图书馆做图书管理员，经过李大钊的介绍，认真学习马列主义著作，逐渐转变为马克思主义者，也是在当时认识他的第一夫人，北大教授杨昌济的女儿。那时北大革命家，思想家，文学家云集。

1920xx年，北大师生点燃了“五四”运动的火炬，李大钊、胡适等人领导了文化革命的新启蒙运动，北大成为中国新文化运动的中心。

1937年，“七七”事变之后，北平很不安全，北京大学，清华大学，天津南开大学纷纷南迁长沙，后又转到云南昆明组建临时“西南联合大学”，抗日战争持续八年，西南联大持续了八年，当时条件非常艰苦，是出人才最多的时期之一。西南联大汇各校菁华，以刚毅坚卓维系中华教育命脉，在此精神的激励下，培养了如诺贝尔获奖者杨振宁、李振道，两弹元勋邓稼先，文学家闻一多、朱自清等名人。

北京大学导游词(三)

大家好，欢迎来到百年学府北京大学。很高兴能够作为大家的导游，我叫马天意，大家可以叫我“马”导游。希望大家能积极配合我的工作，一起在北大度过一小段快乐的时光。

但是，在出发前，我要先强调一下纪律，请大家听好：

1、校园不是公园，这是一个学习的环境，希望大家不要喧哗，一起来感受校园里该有的氛围。

2、校园景色非常优美，请大家爱护环境，不要践踏草坪，攀枝折花，乱丢废弃物。

3、校园里的人非常多，大家走的时候排成两列纵队，紧跟队伍，千万不要走丢走散了。

要出发了，大家要紧跟着我的思路和脚步，否则你将会错过很多知识和景色哟!出发了，首先先让大家回顾一下北大历史。北大创办于1898年，原名京师大学堂，光绪皇帝亲笔题词“京师大学堂”匾额。它是中国第一所国立的综合性大学，也是当时最高的教育行政机关，是康梁百日维新的措施之一。慈禧发动政变，把所有的变法都废除了，只保留了京师大学堂。北大从此延续至今。(原校设在北京石景山东街)

1920xx年易名为北京大学校。严复任北大首任校长，积极开设外语学科研究西方文化的新课程。1920xx年红楼竣工，校本部设在故宫后的沙滩。

1920xx年教育家蔡元培先生出任北京大学校长，并且担任中华民国教育总长，他提出思想自由，兼容并包的方针，使北大成为新文化运动的发祥地，为新民主主义革命的发生创造了条件。他聘陈独秀为文科学长，李大钊为图书馆长，胡适、钱玄同为文科教授，李四光为理科教授，马寅初为教务长，著名文学家思想家鲁迅也应聘在北大教授《中国小说史》。毛泽东在北大图书馆做图书管理员，经过李大钊的介绍，认真学习马列主义著作，逐渐转变为马克思主义者，也是在当时认识他的第一夫人，北大教授杨昌济的女儿。那时北大革命家，思想家，文学家云集。

1920xx年，北大师生点燃了“五四”运动的火炬，李大钊、胡适等人领导了文化革命的新启蒙运动，北大成为中国新文化运动的中心。

1937年，“七七”事变之后，北平很不安全，北京大学，清华大学，天津南开大学纷纷南迁长沙，后又转到云南昆明组建临时“西南联合大学”，抗日战争持续八年，西南联大持续了八年，当时条件非常艰苦，是出人才最多的时期之一。西南联大汇各校菁华，以刚毅坚卓维系中华教育命脉，在此精神的激励下，培养了如诺贝尔获奖者杨振宁、李振道，两弹元勋邓稼先，文学家闻一多、朱自清等名人。

抗战胜利以后，1946年10月北大迁回北平沙滩复校，胡适扩建北大，设有六个学院，33个系。

新中国建立以后，1951年，政务院任命马寅初为中国北京大学第一任校长。

各位游客朋友：

大家好！

欢迎来到颐和园，颐和园是个美丽的大公园，那里有很多美丽的景色，能让您大开眼界，使你留连忘返。别光说了，我这就带大家去游览一下吧！

进了大门就来到大殿，参观了大殿一眼就能看见那条有名的长廊。绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都画着五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，完几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。走长廊，就来到万寿山脚下。抬头一看，一座三角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是佛香阁。登万寿山从上往下望，颐和园的景色大半收在眼底。葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。从万寿山下来，就是昆明湖。昆明湖上有一座石桥，那座石桥通往一个小岛。那座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥，桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻着小狮子。这么多狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的！

游客们这次旅行就到这儿了，拜拜！

各位游客朋友们，大家好!我是你们的导游，我姓赵，叫赵缘，大家可以叫我小赵。

今天我们游览的景点是颐和园。颐和园是清代皇家园林，始建于1750年，曾两次遭到英法联军和八国联军的抢掠和破坏，但在新中国成立后得到了很好的修缮和保护。“颐和”是颐养天年、身体健康的意思。当年，慈禧太后选用“颐和”这个园名，是盼望能够养好自己的身体。

各位游客，颐和园最有名的就是长廊。看，绿色的柱子，红色的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成了273间，每一间的横槛上都画着美丽的图。但在上千幅图画中，没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊旁的风景优美，栽满了花木，一种花没谢，另一种花就开了。

我们现在已经来到了万寿山脚下。好，现在抬头，大家看到那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑了吗?那就是佛香阁。下面那一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

各位游客，我们现在正在万寿山上。向下望，颐和园的大半景色尽收眼底。郁郁葱葱的树丛，掩映着黄的、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红色的宫墙。正前面，是昆明湖。湖上的游船、画舫在湖面上滑过。向东眺望，隐隐约约地可以望见几座古城和城里的白塔。

从万寿山下来，就是昆明湖了。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤上有好几座式样不同的石桥，两岸栽着许许多多的垂柳，风光美丽极了!湖中心有个小岛，远远望去，岛上一片葱绿。我们可以从石桥上走过，去小岛游玩。

好了，现在我们已经来到石桥上了。这座桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻着小狮子。这么多狮子，没有两只是一样的。

各位游客，今天的旅途到此结束，相信这次旅行一定能为你们留下美好的回忆。

中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能，已经永远失去了它的历史作用，但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年，长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，被专家学者称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

今天我们登上了长城，在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话“不到长城非好汉”。现在各位都是英雄好汉了，女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部，长达6000多公里，合计120_多华里，所以叫“万里长城”。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北，长城以南，俗话说“万里长城万里长，遥想当年秦始皇”，其实长城并非起自秦始皇，应该说是起自春秋战国。

公元前220_年，友好往来一举灭掉了六国，他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮，东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗?说的是孟姜女新婚不久，他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年，没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦，梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，浑身发抖。喊着说：“我冷啊!我冷啊!”于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带(今安徽)来到北方，沿着长城找寻她的丈夫，她四处打听，一直都没有下落。到山海关一带，一个修城的工头说，范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝，放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫，横征暴敛的暴政。

到了西汉时期，汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且，把它修到了阴山以北，可怜的匈奴人只有“望队山而泣”。真可谓“不叫胡马度阴山”。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内，东经蒙古，一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城，称为汉长城。

公元1368年，明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城，从那时起直到明朝末期，先后大修长城十八次，历时260余年。公元1520_年，也就是弘治十二年，才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关，经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。

如果我们把中国历代的长城全部加起来，它遍布16个省市自治区，总长度5.4万公里，合计10.8万华里。

居庸关号称天下雄关，俗话说“长城之险不在居庸关，而在八达岭”。也就是说“关在居庸，险在八达岭”。八达岭这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十十楼，全长4770米。它是北京山区通向塞外的唯一通道，八达岭是居庸关的前哨阵地，取四通八达之意。由此可以通向延庆、宣化、张家口、大同、永宁、四海的交通汇集点。八达岭西有岔道城，驻兵780多人。是重要的前哨阵地。建于1531年(嘉靖三十年)，而八达岭建于1520_年(弘治20_年)，这一带的山叫做军都山，崇山峻岭，形势险要，城关重重，但它终没有挡住李自成的农民军，1644年3月18日，李自成率32万大军东度太行山，直取八达岭破居庸关。逼的明朝皇帝崇祯自缢死在煤山，推翻了明王朝。请大家看长城，在总体构造上是上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。它分别由四种基本的构造构成的，一，城墙;二，城台;三，关隘;四，烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连，城墙上可容五马并走。烽火台又叫烟墩，用于传递军情。

它独立于长城之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座。在万里长城上形成了千里的报警系统。每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台燃起烽火，传递军情，白天点烟有枯枝柴加狼粪所以又叫狼烟，烟色浓黑冲上蓝天这叫烽;夜间点烟，必然看不风，就点火这叫燧。合起来称为烽燧。歌曲里唱的“狼烟遍地”也就是战争爆发了。明朝规定来犯敌兵百余人点一烟，鸣一炮;五百人左右，两烟两炮;千余人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。各位听说过烽火戏诸侯的故事吗?说的是西周的时候，周幽王为此烦恼，不知如何使她笑起来，这时有位拍马屁的大臣说，您可以在骊山的烽火台上燃起烽火，各位诸侯必然闻讯来救，当他们看到没有敌人，场面必然十分尴尬。果然当周幽王燃起烽火的时候，各路诸侯以为就师告急，空忙一场，看到各路诸侯狼狈的样子，褒姒不禁一笑，周幽王大喜，各路诸侯愤然而去。后来，西戎族真的来攻打京师了，周幽王燃起烽火求救，结果各路诸侯按兵不动，其下场是周幽王被杀，而褒姒被俘，这就是历史上的“周幽王烽火戏诸侯，褒姒一笑失天下”。

各位领导，大家上午好!

欢迎来到“千年古刹”大觉寺参观游览。

现在我们所在的位置是寺前广场，在进入寺院以前我先简单的介绍一下大觉寺。大觉寺原名普照寺，始建于唐贞观20_年。明朝时避更名为大觉寺。1360多年来，大觉寺与海丰塔，默默见证了唐、宋、元、明、清的盛衰巨变。

据专家评定，大觉寺文物价值极高。仅从建筑上来说，大觉寺主体建筑气势恢宏，工艺精巧，随着历史的变迁，与清代学堂的其他建筑已经浑然一体。现在，在大觉寺的原址上，人们能领略到的不单是盛唐以来的佛教文明，而且还有清代至民国的官办学堂，建国后苏联风格的建筑，历史的足迹清晰可辨。

佛教名称为“庆友尊者”，即《法住记》的作者。他记载了16位罗汉的姓名和出处，使罗汉影响逐渐流传。传说，古印度有个叫波旬的恶魔，煽动人拆寺毁庙，杀害僧人，劫掠佛经。龙王激于义愤，用洪水讨伐波旬，并将佛经藏于龙宫。后庆友降伏龙王，取回佛经，故称“降龙罗汉”。

大家好，欢迎大家来到北京。北京有许多名胜古迹，今天我带领大家参观的是著名的故宫。我是大家的导游，我姓胡，大家可以叫我胡导，但大家请放心，我决不会给大家“胡导”的。这位是我们的司机师傅，也姓胡。所以，本次参观就由我们“二胡”组合来为大家服务。

我们现在正在去故宫的路上，借着这点时间，我先给大家介绍一下故宫。故宫是我国现存最大最完整的皇宫，在世界上堪称最为壮丽的古代建筑群，已有近620xx年的历史。故宫是我国明、清两代24个皇帝的皇宫。故宫的建筑布局分为外朝和内廷。外朝是皇帝举行大典和召见大臣的主要场所，内廷是皇帝处理日常政务和后妃及幼年皇子居住游玩的地方。故宫共有宫殿9000多间，雕梁画柱，金碧辉煌，非常华丽威严。

好，现在我们已经到达停车场，请大家跟随我进入故宫。在进门之前，我要提醒大家：面对我们祖先留下的这些珍贵文物时，要格外珍惜，不要损坏。

最后，祝大家本次参观玩的开心。

天坛是北京“天地日月”诸坛之首，是我国和世界上现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群，始建于明永乐十八年，是一座典型坛庙，是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所。每年孟春祈谷、孟夏祈雨、孟冬祀天。无论从架构、力学还是美学角度来看，天坛都是出类拔萃、举世无双的建筑杰作。现已辟为公园开放，昔日的皇家坛庙现已成为北京市区富有特色的旅游公园。 天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称，占地273公顷，面积占整个崇文区的1/4。天坛建筑布局呈“回”字形，有垣墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。有斋宫、圜丘坛、祈年殿、长廊、万寿亭、回音壁、三音石、七星石和古柏等名胜古迹。

天坛布局

天坛的主要建筑均位于内坛，从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南成圆形，以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构，都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰登的场所，是一座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径32.72米，蓝色琉璃瓦顶，全砖木结构，没有大梁 长檩，全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑，在建筑的造型上具有高度的艺术价值。

天坛被两重坛墙分隔成内坛和外坛，形似“回”字。两重坛墙的南侧转角皆为直角，北侧转角皆为圆弧形，象征着“天圆地方”。外坛墙周长6553米，原本只在西墙上开辟祈谷坛门和圜丘坛门，1949年后又陆续新建了东门和北门，并把内坛南面的昭亨门改为南门。

天坛的内坛墙周长4152米，辟有六门：祈谷坛有东、北、西三座天门，圜丘坛的南面有泰元、昭亨和广利门。主要建筑都集中在内坛，南有圜丘坛和皇穹宇，北有祈年殿和皇干殿，两部分之间有隔墙相隔，并用一座长360米、宽28米、高2.5米的“丹陛桥”(砖砌甬道)连接圜丘坛和祈谷坛，构成了内坛的南北轴线。

圜丘坛是皇帝举行祭天大礼的地方，始建于嘉靖九年(1530年)。坛平面呈圆形，共分三层，皆设汉白玉栏板。坛面原来使用蓝琉璃砖，乾隆十四年(1749年)重建后，改用坚硬耐久的艾叶青石铺设。每层的栏杆头上都刻有云龙纹，在每一栏杆下又向外伸出一石螭头，用于坛面排水。圜丘坛有外方内圆两重矮墙，象征着天圆地方。圜丘坛的附属建筑有皇穹宇及其配庑、神库、宰牲亭、三库(祭器库、乐器库、棕荐库)等。 站在圜丘坛最上层中央的圆石上面虽小声说话，却显得十分洪亮。因此每当皇帝在这里祭天，其洪亮声音，就如同上天神谕一般，加上祭礼时那庄严的气氛，更具神秘效果。这是因为坛面光滑，声波得以快速地向四面八方传播，碰到周围的石栏，反射回来，与原声汇合，则音量加倍。

圜丘坛

圜丘坛又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至祭天的地方，始建于明嘉靖九年(1530年)，清乾隆十四年(1749年)扩建。坛周长534米，坛高5.2米，分上、中、下三层，各层栏板望柱及台阶数目均用阳数(又称“天数”，即九的倍数)，符""之尊。坛面用艾叶青石砌就。坛面除中心石是圆形外，外围各圈均为扇面形，数目也是阳数。每层都有汉白玉栏板望柱，均为9的倍数。顶层中心的圆形石板叫做太阳石或者天心石，站在其上呼喊或敲击，声波会被近旁的栏板反射，形成显着的回音。

古代中国将单数称作阳数，双数称作阴数。在阳数中，数字9是“阳数之极”，表示天体的至高至大，叫作“天数”。古人认为九是阳数之极，表示至高至大，皇帝是天子，也至高至大，所以整个圜丘坛都采用九的倍数来表示天子的权威。圜丘坛的栏板望柱和台阶数等，处处是9或者9的倍数。顶层圆形石板的外层是扇面形石块，共有9层。最内一层有9块石块，而每往外一层就递增9块，中下层亦是如此。三层栏板的数量分别是上屋栏板72块，中层108块，下层180块，合360周天度数。三层坛面的直径总和为45丈，除了是9的倍数外，还暗含“之尊”的寓意。

圜丘坛外有两重围墙，内圆外方，四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台三座(南北二座只余遗迹)，东南角有燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。

皇穹宇

圜丘坛以北是皇穹宇，皇穹宇院落位于圜丘坛外壝北侧，坐北朝南，圆形围墙，南面设三座琉璃门，主要建筑有皇穹宇和东西配殿，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。祭天时使用的祭祀神牌都存放在这里。它始建于嘉靖九年(1530年)，初名泰神殿，十七年(1538年)起改称皇穹宇。乾隆十七年(1752年)重修后为鎏金宝顶单檐攒尖顶建筑，用蓝色琉璃瓦铺设屋顶，象征青天。大殿直径15.6米，高19.02米，由八根金柱和八根檐柱共同支撑起巨大的殿顶，三层天花藻井层层收进，构造精巧。殿正中有汉白玉雕花的圆形石座，供奉“皇天上帝”牌位，左右配享皇帝祖先的神牌。正殿东西各有配殿，分别供奉日月星辰和云雨雷电等诸神牌位。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭，坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上，周围均设石护栏。另外，在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍物的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声;于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声;于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的围墙。墙高3.72米，厚0.9米，直径61.5米，周长193.2米。墙壁是用磨砖对缝砌成的，墙头覆着蓝色琉璃瓦。围墙的弧度十分规则，墙面极其光滑整齐，对声波的折射是十分规则的。只要两个人分别站在东、西配殿后，贴墙而立，一个人靠墙向北说话，声波就会沿着墙壁连续折射前进，传到一、二百米的另一端，无论说话声音多小，也可以使对方听得清清楚楚，而且声音悠长，堪称奇趣，给人造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。所以称之为“回音壁”。

祈年殿

祈年殿在天坛的北部，也称为祈谷坛，原名大祈殿、大享殿，始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年)，是天坛最早的建筑物。乾隆十六年(1751年)修缮后，改名为祈年殿。光绪十五年(1889年)毁于雷火，数年后按原样重建。目前的祈年殿是一座直径32.72米的圆形建筑，鎏金宝顶蓝瓦三重檐攒尖顶，层层收进，总高38米。

祈年殿的殿座就是圆形的祈谷坛，三层6米高，气势巍峨。坛周有矮墙一重，东南角设燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛北有皇干殿，面阔五间，原先放置祖先神牌，后来牌位移至太庙。坛边还有祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、走牲路和长廊等附属建筑。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，是嘉靖年间放置的镇石。

天坛的主体建筑是祈年殿，始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年)。每年皇帝都在这里举行祭天仪式，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。祈年殿呈圆形，直径32米，祈年殿高38米，是一座有鎏金宝顶的三重檐的圆形大殿，殿檐颜色深蓝，是用蓝色琉璃瓦铺砌的，因为天是蓝色的，以此来象征天。

祈年殿在建筑上出色之处是，祈年殿用28根楠木大柱和36块互相衔接的榜、桷，支撑着三层连体的殿檐。这些大柱有不同的象征意义：中央四柱叫通天柱，代表四季;中层十二根金柱，代表十二个月;外层十二根檐柱，代表十二时辰;中外层相加二十四根代表二十四节气;三层相加二十八根，代表二十八星宿;加柱顶八根童柱，代表三十六天罡;宝顶下雷公柱，代表皇帝一统天下。其附属建筑有皇乾殿、祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、燔柴炉、瘗坎、具服台、走牲路及72间长廊等。长廊南面的广场上有七星石，石上镂刻山形云纹图案，是明嘉靖时放置的镇石。

这座大殿坐落在面积达5900多平方米的圆形汉白玉台基上，台基分3层，高6米，每层都有雕花的汉白玉栏杆。这个台基与大殿是不可分的艺术整体。当游人跨出祈年殿的大门，往南望去，只见那条笔直的甬道，往南伸去，一路上门廊重重，越远越小，极目无尽，有一种从天上下来的感觉。难怪一位法国的建筑专家在游览了天坛之后说：摩天大厦比祈年殿高得多，但却没有祈年殿那种高大与深邃的意境，达不到祈年殿的艺术高度。这座大殿在1889年(清光绪十五年)被雷击起火焚毁，据说，当时殿的大柱是用沉香木做的，燃烧时，清香的气味，数里之外都可以闻到。翌年，皇帝召集群臣商量重建祈年殿。因找不到图样，掌管国家建筑事务的工部便把曾经参加过祈所殿修缮事务的工匠们召集来，让他们根据记忆、口述制成图样，再施工建造。因此，现在的祈年殿是清代光绪年间的建筑，但是，基本建筑形式、结构，还保留着明代的样子。

九龙藻井

祈年殿内，天花板处是精致的“九龙藻井”，龙井柱则是描金彩绘。殿内中央有一块平面圆形大理石，石面上的花纹，是自然形成的龙凤花纹，一条行龙抱着一只凤凰，这便是“龙凤石”，即“龙凤呈祥”。 相传，这块石头上原来只有凤纹，而殿顶藻井内只有雕龙，年长日久，龙、凤有了灵感，金龙常常飞下来找凤石上的凤凰寻欢。不料有一天正遇见嘉靖皇帝来祭天，在石上跪拜行礼，金龙来不及飞回去，和石上的凤凰一起被嘉靖皇帝压进圆石里面，再也无法出来，从此才变成一深一浅的龙凤石。1889年祈年殿被焚烧时，这块龙凤石被烈火熏烧了一个昼夜，石块虽未被烧碎，但龙纹被烧成浅黑色，凤纹被烧得模糊不清。祈年殿前有东、西配殿各九间，称东庑和西庑，是收藏配神牌位的库房。明代祭天时，除祭祷皇天上帝外，还要配祭皇族朱氏祖先，以及日、月五星，东、西、南、北、中的五大岳，五小岳的五镇，四海四渎(河湖)、风云雷雨、山川、太岁、道教等各神祗和历代帝王等。

神乐署

神乐署原为天坛五大建筑之一，在圜丘坛西天门外西北，始建于明朝永乐十八年(1420xx年)。神乐署是管理祭天时演奏古乐的机关。明代叫神乐观，当时神乐观的乐舞官、舞生都由道士担任。

而现在的神乐署占地一万平方米，由三进大殿组成。演奏场是刚刚重建的———作为明清时期的最高乐舞学府，神乐署经过两年多修缮向游人开放。在专题展览室里，游人还可以亲自敲打编钟，感受古乐的魅力。凝视殿里，木廊柱下，现代灯光交织辉映，照亮了30位身穿古代华服的乐师———头戴垂绦冠，身穿黑锦衣，肩头、前襟和袖口绣着红黄织锦图案。他们是国内音乐界的古乐演奏家、民乐指挥家、音乐史学家。

雅乐是中华仪式音乐的代表，指皇家宫廷在进行祭祀等仪式时演奏的音乐。乐队的排列是琴瑟在中，笙箫在侧，钟、磬合围三面。雅乐的节奏较为舒缓，乐师一边演奏，一列歌者在旁配合演唱古文歌词。还有不配歌词的琴瑟合奏曲，以及《诗经?国风》的独唱。六支雅乐结束后，余音绕梁，台下掌声经久不息。一位首次弹奏“瑟”的乐手说，“瑟”之音比古琴清亮，比古筝柔和，百年不闻于世，实在可惜。

南神厨院

南神厨院建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，位于圜丘东，座北朝南，院门南开，主要建筑有神库、神厨、井亭，是圜丘冬至祭天大典之前制作圜丘坛各种祭品的场所。院门外有走牲道与圜丘东棂星门相连，祭时临时搭设走牲棚以运送祭品。建筑规整庄重，是我国祭祀建筑中仅存的几座神厨之一。

闲唠天坛

1420xx年，明永乐皇帝朱棣用工十四年与紫禁城同时建成了天坛。这个巨大的祭天神庙位于故宫正南偏东的城南。也许和那个时候还保留着一些相似，南城在今天仍是京城中比较后发展的区域。拜后发展之赐，南城鲜有鳞次栉比的高大建筑群用来遮天蔽地，从长安街中心地段往南即使是步行也不需要很久，就可以张望到高撑空中盖笠一样的祈年殿鎏金宝石蓝琉璃顶或是绵亘数公里素朴的灰砖围墙之一隅。

北方的园林不比江南建造的细巧雅致，多是宏大叙事，动辄占地数百公顷。有一种说法，天坛当年的设计者们顾忌天坛是祭天之所，皇帝既然自称是天之子，“老天”的居所自然要大过“天子”，因此天坛的占地面积比故宫要大两倍。大概出于同样的顾忌，天坛的主体建筑都以深蓝琉璃瓦敷顶，不敢僭越使用本属皇家园林专用的明黄色琉璃，而每年度的祭天大典开始前皇帝更要到丹陛桥东侧专设的具服台临时将黄袍换成蓝袍以向上天演示他虔诚的敬畏和顶礼膜拜。这样的祭典在这里延续了数百年，直到上个世纪的1920xx年，史称窃国大盗的袁世凯当上皇帝的时候又声势浩大地操办了一次之后就正式拉上了帷幕。

天坛的南北东西各有一门，其主要建筑集中在内坛中轴线的南北两端。对于匆匆的游客来说，最好从南门开始游览。从南门进园，依次先到寰丘坛，这座几何造型祭天坛的建筑充满奇思巧技，坛面、台阶、栏杆所用的汉白玉石块全是九的倍数，象征九重天;皇穹宇是放置皇天上帝牌位的地方，造型像是一个小号的祈年殿;在皇穹宇的外面，有一道圆形磨砖对缝的围墙，门向南开，就是很有趣的回音壁。在回音壁试回音要方法得当，如果同行两人，两人应面向北分别站在东西配殿后才能听见彼此的说话。回音壁北有祈年殿、皇乾殿，是北端的重要建筑，其间由一条宽阔的丹陛桥相连接。天高云淡的晚秋时节跨出祈年殿的大门，顺着这条三百米长笔直的甬道往南望去，门廊重重，越远越小，天地渺然雄浑似是极目无尽，令人不得不赞叹当年设计建筑的手法和灵感。天坛另有东侧的游廊、神厨、宰牲亭和西天门的斋宫等建筑和古迹。特别是斋宫，因为是皇帝典礼前沐浴焚香清心静养留宿斋戒的地方，不似天坛的其他建筑那么恢弘高远俨俨然天庭气概。暮春时分，斋宫内外两道护城河的河池铺满盛开的紫花沙参，榆叶梅绚烂的花枝隐现在红墙悬山顶绿琉璃瓦建造的重重回廊房舍和小小的月亮门上，透着庭院深深的人间气息。难以想象，八国联军那时候怎么就能把联军总司令部设在这样清幽净心之地而不得些感化。

其实对于把天坛当作自己生活空间向户外延展的市民来说，天坛的华美建筑只是他们在这里活动的一个大背景，更大的吸引力来自这是城区独有的森林公园。明清以来天坛广植松柏，至今已成森然巨林。

故宫是明清两代的皇宫，在这里有明清两代24个帝王登基坐殿，统治中国长达500多年。故宫像一颗璀璨的明珠嵌在北京城的中心，是全城风景最美的一处景观。故宫的西北面有湖光塔景的北海公园;西面是碧波粼粼的中南海;东面有著名的商业街王府井;北面的景山为故宫的屏障。站在景山万春亭上，可以俯瞰故宫的全貌。故宫南面是特殊意义的国门——天安门广场，它是新中国的象征，第一面五星红旗在此冉冉升起。

故宫南北长960米，东西宽750米，面积达2万平方米，其中建筑面积15万平方米。故宫四周有10米高的城墙，城有四门，南面是正门午门，北为神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。四角各有一座结构精巧别致的被称作“九梁十八柱七十二条脊”的角楼。城外有3800米长、52米宽的护城河，使得故宫自成放于体系，有城中之城的美称。而护城河的长度，也被列入世界之最。

大家都知道，清华大学是一所著名大学，如果我要问你，清华大学的历

史，你应该就说不出来了吧。那好，我现在就告诉你。

1920xx年，农历六月初四，成立游美学务处，总办周自齐。

1920xx年，农历四月初一，清华学堂开学。

清华大学的创建时期

清华大学的前身是清华学堂，始建于1920xx年，当时是由美国“退还”

的部分“庚子赔款”建立的留美预备学校。1920xx年，清华学堂更名为清华学校。

1920xx年设立大学部，开始招收四年制大学生，并开设国学研究院。1920xx年更名为

“国立清华大学”，拥有文、法、理、工等院系，盛极一时。

清华大学的发展时期

清华大学的初期发展，虽然渗透着西方文化的影响，但学校十分重视研究中华

民族的优秀文化瑰宝。以清华国学研究院四大导师陈寅恪、赵元任等为代表的清华学者，

清华大学 校园风景主张“中西兼容、文理渗透、古今贯通”，形成了著名的“清华学派”，

对清华的发展产生了深远的影响，培养出了一大批高水平的学术大师，在中国近现代学术史

上占据着重要的地位，可谓光耀西山。

在自然科学方面，清华培养的人才同样是群星璀璨，他们中有竺可桢、段学复、在1999年被授

予“两弹一星勋章”的20位功勋中，有9位是清华校友。截至20xx年12月底，1537名中国科学院

和中国工程院院士中，近20%为清华大学校友。

在清华的天空中，有太多我们引以为豪的学术大师、兴业之士和治国之才。抗日战争爆发后，清

华大学与北京大学、南开大学在昆明组成西南联合大学，清华校长梅贻琦任联大校务委员会主席，

实际主持校务。在战火纷飞、物质条件

极度匮乏的岁月里，师生休戚与共、艰苦办学，联大也以名师云集、水平高、学风好而蜚声海外，

培养了大批优秀人才。抗日战争胜利后的1946年，清华大学迁回清华园原址复校。

国立清华大学

清华大学有着光荣的革命传统，在如火如荼的抗日救亡运动中，在震撼全国的一二·九运动中，

在反饥饿、反内战、反迫害斗争中，一代代清华仁人志士在探求救国道路、传播先进思想、争取民

族独立和人民解放斗争中成为后世的楷模。 1949年后，校长梅贻琦等人随国民政府迁往中国台湾。清

华

归属中央人民政府教育部，更名“清华大学”

1955年，梅贻琦在新竹主持国立清华大学“在台复校”，沿用原校名。二十世纪80年代以来，两校

交

往日渐频繁，“一笔写不出两个清华”。20xx年，两岸清华大学还将共同举办“百年校庆”的相关活

动。

1952年中国高等教育体系仿照苏联社会主义模式进行大规模的院系调整，清华的1934年6月，清华的院

系

研究所、文学院、理学院、法学院、农学院、航空等院系被迫割离母校而划归北京大学等校，同时吸收

国

内其他高校的工科院系，使清华大学成为一所多科性的工科大学，重点为国家培养工程技术人才，这一

做

法现为多数校友及学术界、教育界强烈否定。1952年11月蒋南翔出任清华大学校长，积极探索符合中国

国情的社会主义高等教育的办学道路，

在培养又红又专、全面发展的工程技术和尖端科技人才方面成绩卓著。他提出“争取健康地为祖国工

作五

十年”口号，激励清华人至今。毛泽东主席题写的校名。

从1953年起率先实行“政治辅导员”制度，让优秀学生党员“双肩挑”(专业学习和政治工作)，延续

至今。

当时的清华被称为“红色工程师的摇篮”。 同年，清华着手进行“学习苏联先进教育经验”

的教学改革，按计划培养技术人才，从学分制转为学年制，学制延长，建立教学大纲，翻译大量苏联

教材，

加强基础课，聘请苏联专家讲学。1955年后，增设实验核物理、放射性稀有元素工艺

学等新技术专业。1958年后，开展教育领域“大跃进”。实行教育与生产劳动相结合、勤工俭学、教

育

支援农业，清华师生承担了密云水库、中国革命历史博物馆等实践工作。

1978年以来，在深化改革、扩大开放的过程中，清华逐步复建了理科、经济、管理、人文、社会

科

学等各学科，恢复了综合性大学的布局，进入了一个蓬勃发展的新时期。

高校院系调整前后，清华大学院系的变化目前，清华大学设有建筑学院、土木水利学院、机械

工程

学院、航天航空学院、信息科学技术学院、理学院、生命科学学院、医学院、地球科学学院(筹)、

人文

社会科学学院、新闻与传播学院、法学院、马克思主义学院、经济管理学院、公共管理学院、美

术学院、

应用技术学院等，以及清华大学生物科学与技术系(20xx年9月28日成立清华大学生命科学学院，

同时撤销

该建制)、生物信息与系统生物学、医学系统生物学研究中心等院系。清华大学已成为一所具有理、

工、

文、法、医学、经济、管理、艺术等学科的综合性大

学。 水清木华，钟灵毓秀，清华园散发着独特的精神魅力。

清芬挺秀，华夏增辉，今天的清华大学面临着前所未有的历史机遇，

新时代的清华人继承“爱国奉献、追求卓越”的优良传统，秉承“自强

不息、厚德载物”的校训和“行胜于言”的校风，努力跻身世界一流大

学行列，为中华民族的伟大复兴而努力奋斗。

各位游客：

hi，你们好!我是天坛旅游社的导游，我姓徐，大家请叫我徐导游。我们旅游的地方是北京天坛。

从北天门进去，先映入眼前的是祈谷坛。祈谷坛是举行孟春祈谷大典的场所，建于明朝永乐十八年，主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、东西配殿、祈年门、神厨、宰牲亭、长廊，祈谷坛的祭坛为坛殿结合的圆形建筑，是根据古代“屋下祭帝”的说法建立的。

往前走，过了丹陛桥，就来到皇穹宇。皇穹宇位于圜丘坛以北，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所，存放祭祀神牌的处所。清乾隆十七年重建，改为鎏金宝顶单檐蓝瓦圆攒尖顶。其正殿及东西庑共围于一平整光滑的圆墙之内，人们在墙的不同位置面墙说话，站在远处墙边的人，能十分清晰地听到，此为回音壁。如果有不相信的朋友，可以试一试。大家再往下走就是圜丘坛。圜丘坛是皇帝举行祭天大礼的地方，始建于嘉靖九年。坛平面呈圆形，共分三层。坛面原来使用蓝琉璃砖，乾隆十四年重建后，改用坚硬耐久的艾叶青石铺设。每层的栏杆头上都刻有云龙纹，在每一栏杆下又向外伸出一石螭头，用于坛面排水。圜丘坛有外方内圆两重矮墙，象征着天圆地方。

说到圜丘坛，我想起一个故事：中国古代有正式祭祀天地的活动，可追溯到公元前两千年，尚处于奴隶制社会的夏朝。他们对天地非常崇敬。历史上的每一个皇帝都把祭祀天地当成一项非常重要的政治活动。而祭祀建筑在帝王的都城建设中具有举足轻重的地位，必集中人力、物力、财力，以最高的技术水平，最完美的艺术去建造。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。天坛始建于明永乐十八年，朱棣用工十四年与紫禁城同时建成，名天地坛。

各位游客大家好！欢迎来到北京天坛。我叫“汤采璇”，你们可以叫我“汤导游”。希望大家玩得开心，玩得愉快！

朋友们，现在到的地方就是北京天坛。大家往上看，有三个像似ufo的天坛。这么大，真是气魄雄伟！

天坛在原北京外城的东南部。位于故宫正南偏东的城南，正阳门外东侧。始建于明朝永乐十八年（1420年）。是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。总面积为273公顷，是明清两代用以“祭天祈谷“的建筑。天坛1961年，国务院公布天坛为”全国重点文物保护单位“。1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。

天坛占地272万平方米，整个面积比紫禁城（故宫）还大些，有两重坦墙，形成内外坛，主要建筑祈年殿、皇穹宇、圜丘建造在南北纵轴。坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。圜丘坛在南，祈谷坛在北，二坛同在一条南北轴线上，中间有墙相隔。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等，祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇朝乾殿、祈年门等。

“各位游客，今天的行程就到这里，欢迎大家有时间再来细细游赏。”

“大家好!我来自广东省，我叫凌青烨。大家可以叫我凌导。今天就是由我来担任你们的导游。我们现在在开往大家都非常熟悉的：北京大学。”

“北京大学创立与1898你，名京师大学堂，是中国的第一所国立大学，是我国综合实力最强的大学之一，与清华大学齐名。”

“好了，现在已经到了北大的校门口了，请大家注意一下卫生，如有垃圾请扔到垃圾桶或垃圾袋里。好了。我们下车吧。”

现在我们来到了北大最有名的：一塔湖图。塔是指博雅塔，塔级有十三级，高三十七公尺，本来是一座水塔，现在已成为了一处风景，供大家欣赏。湖是未名湖。当年取名时，参选的名称很多，但都不令人满意，最后由国学大师钱穆先生一锤定音，直接就叫“未名湖”了。图，就是我们现在来到的图书馆。这座图书馆，已经百年历史了。现在藏书1046万册，是亚洲最大的大学图书馆。

“我们接着往前走。”

“看，这就是塔和湖。现在这里是一个风景优美的地方，我们一定要注意卫生。青大家慢慢欣赏。”

今天的游览到这里就结束了，希望大家多来玩!再见。

Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the peoples heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesnt matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian gate.It was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperors respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tiananmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed daian, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed daihe, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.

This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "Jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new China.The portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.

The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.

In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right.The one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male masters foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into todays Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the peoples feelings.The one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.

Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Changan Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Changan left gate and Changan right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Changan that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Changan, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.

In ancient China, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governors office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.

Now we cant see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.

On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a "mountain". The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand peoplesCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National Peoples Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.

In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.

Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the peoples heroes.According to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese peoplesPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the peoplesheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sichengs design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. Thats what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.

The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote "the peoples heroes are immortal". On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the peoples heroes who died in the peoplesLiberation War and the peoples revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the peoples heroes who died in the peoples Liberation War and the peoplesrevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand peoples freedom and happiness, the peoples heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the river.On both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the peoples Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.

To the south of the monument to the peoples Heroes is the chairmansmemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairmans death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Chinese Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairmansbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairmans poem "Manjianghong" is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old revolutionary.Now the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.

Behind the chairmans memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now its the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairmans memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.

In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of Chinas nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.

The original flagpole base of Tiananmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.

The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.

The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.

北京原名北平，早在公元1271年，元朝就定都于此，几百年过去了，身为帝都的北京如今更加的繁华。

坐火车初次来来北京的人，都会觉得火车站很热闹，公交很便捷。据说北京的公交是我国城市公交车车长最长的，公交线路最多的，但因为堵车是时经常的事，所以在北京出行坐公交并不是最佳的选择。北京的地铁线贯通城市地下，多达十几条，还没有堵车的困扰，是绝大多数人首选的出行方式。

在北京，最不愁的就是玩。北京的景点很多，如天安门、长城、故宫、颐和园、香山、欢乐谷、动物园、雍和宫、恭王府、天坛、地坛、卢沟桥、中华世界坛、中央电视台新址，等等。初次来到北京，要想把这些景点都尽兴的游览一遍，估计需要一个月的时间。游览名胜古迹，在其他的城市门票可能是笔不小的花费，但在北京门票并不算贵，像八达岭门票旺季45元，动物园50元，学生半价;天安门、中华世纪坛等景点还是免费进入的。景点门票虽然收费不高，但寸土寸金的北京住宿却很贵。一般的小旅社价格要几十元一晚，稍微大一点的宾馆价格要一百多元，中等酒店宾馆的标准间价格要在二百到三百元左右。建议去北京游玩的人们，如果想多留几天最好结伴而行，事先租好短期租用的套房，这样可以省下不少钱。

大家好，我是你们的_导。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首，又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫，是世界上现存最大，最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看，故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量，故宫有打大小院90多座，房屋980多座共8070间。

大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门，它高12米，可想而知，它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看，经过几百年的风吹雨打，它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶，当时，黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。

现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场，官员站的位置也很有讲究：文官站右，武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上，会看见精雕细琢的图案，它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走

现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾，龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳，是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧，那只黄龙居中，前爪作出环抱的样子，后足分撅海水，龙身弯曲，瞠目张颌，好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰，双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙，好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央，我也要!大家参观时不要摸，这样颜色会脱掉的，爱护文物，从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。

(玩了一会)

本次旅游到此结束，谢谢各位参观，再见!

大家好!我是本次导游，大家一定都知道北京的故宫吧?没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……

由天安门进入，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼，穿过午门，有广阔的大庭院，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门，就进入了故宫的 “外朝”，故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为“前朝”。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事，听说它被天火焚毁过三次，也修好过三次，而且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫，绕过内廷，我们最后来到了御花园，御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来，会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。

游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力，想要知识更广，大家就再细细去游赏吧!