0

北京香山导游图高清(最新20篇)

浏览

6572

范文

810

北京北海公园景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 473 字

+ 加入清单

大家好,欢迎来到北海公园参观游览。你们一定听过《让我们荡起双桨》这首脍炙人口的歌曲吧!歌里唱的就是人们在北海上划船的情景。

北海公园始建于辽代,距今已有近千年的历史,是我国现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一,是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。北海公园占地69公顷,其中有39公顷的水面,主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成。它风景秀丽既有气势又婉约多姿。

北海公园最著名的就是白塔了。白塔位于琼华岛的中心,建于清顺治八年年),是北海公园最显著的建筑。它是藏式喇嘛塔,高米,由塔基、塔身、宝顶三部分组成,里面藏有舍利子、喇嘛经文和衣钵(音同“波”)。大家看,在蓝天的映衬下,高耸入云的白塔显得格外端庄秀美,是北海公园的象征。

北海公园里还有一座著名的九龙壁,它是用黄、紫、白、蓝、红、绿、青七色琉璃砌筑而成的,共有635条龙。中国现仅有三座九龙壁,只有北海的这座是双面有龙,是三座九龙壁中最精美的一座。

北海公园的景观多得数不清,我也说不尽,就让我们一边唱歌,一边慢慢地游览北海公园吧!“让我们荡起双桨,小船儿推开波浪,海面倒映着美丽的白塔,四周环绕着绿树红墙……”

展开阅读全文

更多相似范文

篇1:最新的北京司马台长城导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 888 字

+ 加入清单

综观司马台长城,可用“险、密、全、巧、奇”五字概括。险:司马台长城沿刀削斧劈似的山脊修筑,蜿蜒曲折,惊险无比,尤其是天梯和天桥两段,更是险中有险。天梯是单面墙长城,坡陡墙窄,最窄处不足半米,呈直梯壮沿山体上升,两侧更是陡峭悬崖,置身其上,俯首下望,令人目眩。天梯顶端,便是天桥,长不逾百米,宽只有一砖,约40厘米左右,两侧又是悬崖绝壁,令人不寒而栗,英雄气短,游客把这儿称作咫尺天涯。虽然名为天桥,但到这里的人们却都说:“过桥难,难于上青天”,这里可说是明长城中依山设险,险上加险的最险要地段之一。密:是司马台长城又一特点,两敌楼相距最近仅43.8米,最远600米,一般都在100-------200米之间,若按当时明代筑长城的规定,每500米修敌楼一座的话,可见此段长城是一例外。全:是指敌楼和城墙的建筑形式奇特多样。从外观来看,敌楼有单眼楼、双眼楼、三眼楼、四眼楼和五眼楼,有单层楼,上下相通的双层楼和三层楼。它们均为空心敌楼,大小不一、形态组合各异,是按驻军的官衔等级,驻防人数以及地势险要程度分别来建造的。从内部结构来看,有砖结构、砖木结构、砖石结构;又有单室、双室、多室之分;房间布局有“田”字、“井”字;楼顶变化多端,有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶、覆斗顶;就连门窗也新颖别致,有边门、中间门、有砖券和石券,还有技艺精湛的雕花花岗岩石门。这是长城史上不可多得的珍贵文物。司马台长城东段的仙女楼和望京楼就是两种具有代表性的敌楼,望京楼是司马台长城的制高点,海拔986米,为空心三眼楼,二层砖石结构。这里视野开阔,隐约可见北京城轮廓,故称望京楼。望京楼头,东观“雾灵积雪”、“蟠龙卧虎”、北看“燕山叠翠”、南瞧“水库明珠”、壮丽关山,尽收眼底。仙女楼是敌楼中建造得最美的一座,掩映在老虎山腰的树丛中,下部条石合缝,上部磨砖达顶。内部用青砖砌成两道大拱,三条甬道,十个券门。顶部正中心砌成蜘蛛网状的八角藻井,四边砌四个砖柱,游人在里面轻轻放歌便能发出悦耳的回音。门券上还有并蒂莲花浮雕,整个敌楼处处给人以精巧、细腻、秀丽之感。仿佛它不是人间战争的防御设施,而是一座仙境楼阁。

展开阅读全文

篇2:介绍北京陶然亭的导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 651 字

+ 加入清单

大家好,我是你们的导游,今天我们要游览解放后北京建造的第一座公园——陶然亭公园。 陶然亭公园青山碧水,风景秀丽,还是娱乐休闲的胜地呢!好,现在陶然亭公园已经一展美丽等候我们的参观,看!那里百花盛开,那里百鸟齐鸣,不时还传来人们洋溢的笑声,让人好像在仙境一般。在不远处还有一块大石碑,上面刻着:更待菊黄家酿熟,与君一醉一陶然。多美的诗句!这么美的诗句,再配上这么美的公园真是“般配”呀! 我们再来看旁边那个四季如画的陶然亭湖。

春天,陶然亭湖的边上开满了野花,红的似火,粉的似霞,白的似雪;把湖面染的五彩缤纷;有时还招来几只蝴蝶。夏天,陶然亭湖喧闹起来,喷泉像长龙似的趴在河岸,一股股清澈的水冲腾而上,四溅开来,多么像一颗颗珍珠啊!秋天,小河静得像一面镜子,几片枯黄的叶子飘落下来,好像是几条小船。秋去冬来,湖面上被下的雪掩盖了,雪姐姐小声的对河伯伯说:“河伯伯,被子暖和吗?祝您做个好梦,晚安。”就这样,陶然亭一年又一年被人们称为“一幅永远不会消失的画”。

我们游览完陶然亭湖,跨过玉虹桥,走完中心岛,就来到了华夏名亭园。华夏名亭园里一排排高耸的竹子,在伴着悠扬的音乐和具有浓厚文化气息的10个亭子,让人情不自禁的想起那种幽静的大自然的美。比如说独醒亭吧,从外观上来看跟别的亭子没有什么区别,但是只要你一进到亭子里,一阵微风吹过,一股有着一点儿清新和泥土芬芳的味道扑面而来,哦!我知道了这是大自然的味道!

陶然亭公园历史悠久,具有浓厚文化气息还有最重要的说也说不尽的美丽景色,希望大家有时间来细细游玩,再见!

展开阅读全文

篇3:关于北京的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1595 字

+ 加入清单

颐和园,位于山水清幽、景色秀丽的北京西北郊,原名清漪园,始建于公元 1750 年,时值中国最后一个封建盛世 ------" 康乾盛世 " 时期;1860 年的第二次鸦片战争中,清漪园被英法联军烧毁; 1886年,清政府挪用海军军费等款项重修,并于两年后改名颐和园,作为慈禧太后晚年的颐养之地。从此,颐和园成为晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心,是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。1898 年,光绪帝曾在颐和园仁寿殿接见维新思想家康有为,询问变法事宜;变法失败后,光绪被长期幽禁在园中的玉澜堂; 1900年,八国联军侵入北京,颐和园再遭洗劫, 1902年清政府又予重修;清朝末年,颐和园成为中国最高统治者的主要居住地,慈禧和光绪在这里坐朝听政、颁发谕旨、接见外宾……。

1924 年,颐和园辟为对外开放公园。颐和园是中国近代历史的重要见证!

颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成,借景周围的山水环境,饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势,又充满自然之趣,高度体现了 " 虽由人作,宛自天开 "的造园准则。万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架,占地 2.97 平方公里,水面约占四分之三,园中有点景建筑物百余座、大小院落 20 余处, 3000 余间古建筑,面积70000 多平方米,古树名木 1600 余株。其中佛香阁、长廊、石舫、苏州街、十七孔桥、谐趣园、大戏台等都已成为家喻户晓的代表性建筑。

园中主要景点大致分为三个区域:以庄重威严的仁寿殿为代表的政治活动区,是清朝末期慈禧与光绪从事内政、外交政治活动的主要场所。以乐寿堂、玉澜堂、宜芸馆等庭院为代表的生活区,是慈禧、光绪及后妃居住的地方。以长廊沿线、后山、西区组成的广大区域,是供帝后们澄怀散志、休闲娱乐的苑园游览区。万寿山南麓的中轴线上,金碧辉煌的佛香阁、排云殿建筑群起自湖岸边的云辉玉宇牌楼,经排云门、二宫门、排云殿、德辉殿、佛香阁,终至山颠的智慧海,重廊复殿,层叠上升,贯穿青琐,气势磅礴。巍峨高耸的佛香阁八面三层,踞山面湖,统领全园。蜿蜒曲折的西堤犹如一条翠绿的飘带,萦带南北,横绝天汉,堤上六桥,婀娜多姿,形态互异。烟波浩淼的昆明湖中,宏大的十七孔桥如长虹偃月倒映水面,涵虚堂、藻鉴堂、治镜阁三座岛屿鼎足而立,寓意着神话传说中的" 海上仙山 "。阅看耕织图画柔桑拂面,豳风如画,乾隆皇帝曾在此阅看耕织活画,极具水乡村野情趣。与前湖一水相通的苏州街,酒幌临风,店肆熙攘,仿佛置身于二百多年前的皇家买卖街,谐趣园则曲水复廊,足谐其趣。在昆明湖湖畔岸边,还有著名的石舫,惟妙惟肖的铜牛,赏春观景的知春亭等点景建筑。

多年以来,颐和园管理处以 " 文化建园 " 为宗旨,用 " 一种精神五种意识六个一流 "的企业文化统领职工,深入挖掘文化内涵,大力推进颐和园的保护、管理和研究工作,以借景环境、山形水系、文物古建、植被景观为颐和园的核心保护内容,建立了完整的颐和园保护管理体系。特别是改革开放以来,颐和园加快了建设和保护的步伐,先后投入巨资恢复了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、耕织图等景区,积极参与周边环境改造,延续颐和园的历史人文环境,恢复了文化遗产的完整性和原真性,建设了国内园林系统内最先进的文昌院博物馆。

1961 年 3 月 4 日,颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。 1998 年 12 月 2日,颐和园以其丰厚的历史文化积淀,优美的自然环境景观,卓越的保护管理工作被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》,誉为世界几大文明之一的有力象征。近年来,颐和园先后获得了首批全国文明风景旅游区示范点、全国精神文明建设先进单位、首批国家AAAA 级景区等诸多荣誉称号, 20__ 年顺利通过国际标准化的 ISO9000 和 14000质量环境管理体系认证,使颐和园的管理、保护、研究迈上了规范、科学、法制的管理轨道。

展开阅读全文

篇4:介绍北京青龙峡的导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 256 字

+ 加入清单

青龙峡位于北京市怀柔区城北20公里处,距北京三元桥75公里,是集青山、绿水、古长城于一体的自然风景区。景区占地面积150公顷,南北狭长约十余华里,雄伟的水库大坝将景区分为两个部分。

青龙峡旅游度假村位于怀柔区怀北镇著名的古长城关口大水峪关附近,南邻风光旖旎的雁栖湖,是集田园风光、山川秀色、青山绿谷、长城古貌为一体的旅游观光、度假休闲胜地。独特的塞外气候,凉爽宜人,是人们远离闹市喧哗,寻觅山水静地,回归山野自然,旅游观光度假的最佳选择。青龙峡风景区由万里长城登城游览、苍龙峡观飞龙瀑和青龙峡水上游乐三大景区组成。

展开阅读全文

篇5:最新的北京大学导游词范文_北京导游词_网

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:大学,导游,全文共 11077 字

+ 加入清单

最新的北京大学导游词范文

北京大学创立于1898年维新变法之际,初名京师大学堂,是中国近现代第一所国立综合性大学,创办之初也是国家最高教育行政机关。1920xx年改为国立北京大学。1937年南迁至长沙,与国立清华大学和私立南开大学组成国立长沙临时大学,1938年迁至昆明,更名为国立西南联合大学。1946年复员返回北平。1952年经全国高校院系调整,成为以文理基础学科为主的综合性大学,并自北京城内沙滩等地迁至现址。20xx年与原北京医科大学合并,组建为新的北京大学。北京大学是新文化运动的中心和五四运动的策源地,最早在中国传播马克思主义和科学、民主思想,是创建中国共产党的重要基地之一。长期以来,北京大学始终与中国和中国人民共命运,与时代和社会同前进,是培养和造就高素质创造性人才的摇篮,恰如蔡元培先生所言:“大学者,囊括大典,网罗众家之学府也……此思想自由之通则,而大学之所以为大也。”下面是小编收集整理的最新的北京大学导游词范文,欢迎借鉴参考。

最新的北京大学导游词范文(一)

北大燕园其实是原来燕京大学的校址,但是很多北大学生对此段历史知之甚少,然而最近有很多团体来北大参观,最让人神往的莫过于未名博雅的秀丽景色,如不能让参观者知道关于这个园子的真实历史,实在让人惭愧,谨以此文分享给愿意做导游的学生,希望我们的一言一行都为这个校园增添光彩!

西校门

西校门是北京大学原来的正门。因为是校友1920xx年捐资所建,故也称作校友门。1920xx年3月15日,燕大正式挂匾,同时举办男女两校合并的联欢会,合并仪式由蔡元培主持,校门上燕京大学的牌匾为他所题。

西门华表

这两座华表是圆明园安佑宫中的遗物之一,当年被安放在安佑宫琉璃坊前。在清末民初崇彝的《道咸以来朝野杂记》中有记载曰: “鸿慈永祜,在月地云居之后,循山径入,其中为安佑宫,乾隆七年建,其前琉璃坊三座,左右华表刻云气,甚精巧,民国十四年犹及见之。闻人言:今已为燕京大学所取。” 根据这段记载,这两座华表至迟当建于乾隆七年(1742)。至于如何从圆明园移到燕园,当年的《燕京大学校刊》曾对此有较为详细的记载,称移此华表时,曾“商诸圆明园之主管者,拟将此石柱移归本校保存,并经地方当事人之认可,遂鸠工起运,陆续移来三座”,“国立北平图书馆落成,商准北平市政府,将存放天安门前之石柱移归该馆,同时函商本校,请将所存之三柱移赠其一,当即准如所请,函报市政府备案,并声明尚存二柱,仍由本校保存,旋得市政府认可,於是本校行政执行委员会乃决议将此二柱竖立於贝公楼前,以资瞻仰。此项竖立费及配制柱顶之镇物费,为数约一千数百元。” 但是仔细观察一下这对华表,会发现一粗一细,并非一对。原来1920xx年燕京大学建校舍时,只从圆明园运来了三根,第四根却被运到城里,1931年曾横卧在天安门前道南。当北京图书馆建文津街新馆时,欲将燕大多余的一根华表搬走与天安门前的另一根合成一对,不料搬运时阴错阳差,结果燕大和北图的华表皆不成对,成就了这一桩趣事。

贝公楼(Bashford Hall):

燕大的主楼,即现在北大的办公楼,称为贝公楼,是为纪念美以美会会督贝施德(又译贝施福),1920xx年落成时的英文名即为Bashford Hall。燕京大学的前身是美国美以美教会开办的汇文大学。其首任校长李安德是丁韪良的一位密友,当李安德于1893年因病去世以后,包括丁韪良在内的校董事会一致推选贝施福为汇文大学堂的第二任校长,同时选举刘海澜为常务副校长。贝施福当时也是美国俄亥俄州卫斯理大学的校长。虽然他于1920xx年正式来北京传教之前并没有太多的时间来实际主持和过问汇文大学堂的具体事务,但由于他是一位颇负盛名的教育家,同时又具有管理一所美国名牌大学的丰富经验,所以他对于提升汇文大学堂学术和管理水准是起了很大作用的。尤其是自从他亲自来北京主持美以美会的教务活动之后,以及在1913-1920xx年任上海美以美会会督期间,更是在汇文大学堂的财力上给予了鼎力支持。与此同时,贝施福还是一位藏书家和多产的史学家,编著过《中国与美以美会》(1906)、《美以美会在华一百年文献集》(1907)和《中国述论》(1916)等重要的在华教会史文献。1920xx年在上海逝世之前,贝施福向汇文大学堂遗赠了他所收藏的大量书籍,其中有很多是善本书。它们后来成为燕京大学图书馆西文书收藏中的核心部分。至今在北大图书馆的书库中仍能找到上千册有贝施福亲笔签名的西文书籍,内容大都跟在华传教士和中国历史文化有关。为了纪念他对于汇文大学堂和燕京大学的突出贡献, 1920xx年落成时便用他的名字命名。卫理会海外传教团捐款16万美元建造。 贝公楼的正门是在可以远眺燕山的西面。门前原来有一棵挺拔而高大的松树,还有一块西方所有大学校园均少不了的长方形草地。贝公楼正门上方的屋檐之下还挂有一块很大的牌匾,上书“贝公楼”三个大字。从1939年和1941年《燕大年刊》的老照片上我们都可以清晰地看到这一块牌匾。“贝公楼”的牌匾其实跟那块被奉为国宝的“大学堂”牌匾一样,都是具有很高历史文物价值的。

贝公楼原来正门的上方有一个小阳台,每当校内举行大型的集会时,这个阳台常常被用作一个讲坛,而听众们就站在办公楼与西校门之间的一大片草地上。1957年,当苏联的最高苏维埃主席伏罗希洛夫在周总理陪同下访问北大时,就曾经站在这儿对下面站满草坪北大师生发表过热情洋溢的讲演。可惜这样的壮观场面如今已难以重现。

宁德楼(Ninde Hall)

宁德楼(又称宗教楼,今北大外院民主楼),是燕园第一座建筑,1920xx年落成,作为学校的宗教学院所在地,由在上海的甘维尔夫妇捐赠,以纪念前美以美会会督宁德威廉牧师(Bishop William X. Ninde)。宁德威廉牧师与其妻1895年来华,自此从未中断过祷告,祈求这个伟大而有着悠久历史的国家早日福音化 。宁德楼二楼有小礼拜堂,学校的主要圣事都在这里举行,这里还进行许多重要的选举,这个礼拜堂至今犹在。

穆楼(McBrier Recitation Hall)

由托事部的司库、银行家穆布莱(McBrier)捐款10万美元所建,今为北大外文楼。科学楼(Science Buildings)

其中一个由洛克菲勒基金会用于建设北京协和大学医学预科的资金中的一部分兴建,今为北大化学南楼和化学北楼。燕大图书馆

燕京大学图书馆位于贝公楼南侧,即今天的北京大学档案馆,是由托马斯•贝利(Thomas Berry)夫妇的三个女儿为纪念父母的遗愿——“在全中国推广学习”而捐款五万美元兴建的,以其收藏的善本书和古籍书而著称。1952年院系调整时,它已有图书期刊40万册,未编图书期刊18万册,另拓片120xx余张,木刻书板2400块。其中收善本以明、清刻本及抄本居多,宋元版本也不少。 善本书数量高达3578种,37484册。由于燕大作为原教会学校的特殊地位,在西文书收藏中最著名的要数基督教神学和有关基督教在文化传播史方面的收藏。古籍丛书也是国内图书馆中收藏最丰富者之一。此外,燕京大学图书馆还收到来自各方的赠书。其中有孙中山先生从自家书架上亲自取下的一包书,还有美国校友分别于1920xx年和1920xx年赠送的书。李赋宁先生在一篇题为《我与北大图书馆》的回忆文章中写道,在他初来北大任教的日子里,正是燕京大学保存的西文特藏书,使他能够顺利地备课和准备讲演稿,并在北大图书馆度过了一段祥和而严肃的研究时光。

甘德阁,麦风阁(又称姊妹楼,今南阁和北阁)

甘德阁为Mrs David Gamble捐款所建,南北二阁建于1920xx年,北边的麦风阁为音乐教室和男女学生活动室,南边的甘德阁当时作为女部的办公楼使用。它们是以美德博士(Miss Luella Miner)的名字来命名的。麦美德博士是原华北协和女子大学的校长,华北协和女子大学并入燕京大学以后,便自动成为燕大的女部,麦美德(Miner)就成为燕大首任女部主任。麦博士在任只有三年,但是为燕大作出了历史性的贡献。因而在海淀新校园落成时,依据当时给建筑命名的惯例,就将这两座美丽典雅的阁楼以麦美德来命名了。从甘德阁和麦风阁到南北阁的转变,估计也是因缘于钱穆先生的提议。从那时开始,甘德阁和麦风阁的名称就逐渐被人们淡忘在历史的角落了。

圣人楼(Sage Hall 今天的俄文楼)

当时是女子学院教学楼,由罗素•塞奇基金会(Russel Sage Foundation) 捐资兴建,二楼有礼拜堂,专供女子圣事服侍之用。钟亭铜钟系雍正皇帝降旨所造,是1920xx年,学校用哈佛燕京学社的款项从黑寺 购得。每隔半小时,校园里会响起悠扬的钟声。

男生宿舍(红一到红四楼),女生宿舍(静园周围的院子)

男生宿舍由众多美国慈善家捐资兴建,第六宿舍由中国人捐资兴建。现在男生宿舍作为行政办公室,女生宿舍是各个文科院系所在地。

思义亭(又称鲁斯亭,今称湖心亭)

为斯克兰顿城(Scranton)的友人为纪念副校长路思义(Henry Winters Luce)所建)(一说为路思的长子亨利•鲁滨逊•路思(美国《时代》、《生活》杂志的创办人)捐资兴建)。路思义对中国的基督教高等教育事业有很大贡献,他像司徒雷登一样,积极筹款,促进了山东齐鲁大学的组建,1920xx年担任燕大副校长,积极为燕大建设筹款,鉴于他的贡献,中国台湾的东海大学还有以他为名,由贝聿铭设计的路思义教堂。

临湖轩

临湖轩作为校务长住宅,为司徒雷登友人美国费城的乔治•柯里夫妇捐建,其实,司徒雷登只住很少的部分,其他分别为学校接待、议事的场所,学校里各种社团开聚餐会、茶话会、招待贵宾、举行婚礼都可以在这里。1920xx年燕大创建10周年座谈会上,冰心教授提议命名为“临湖轩”,并请当时的北大文学院院长胡适题匾。女子体育馆(Boyd Building今北大二体)

女子体育馆系米兰•鲍埃的父母威廉•鲍埃夫妇(Mr. and Mrs. William Boyd)于1920xx年捐献了9万美元给燕京大学来建设一座女子体育馆,他们还捐献了1万美元在燕京设立奖学金。威廉•鲍埃先生曾经是YMCA(男性基督徒年青人联合会)的秘书,而鲍埃夫人又是国际YWCA(女性基督徒年青人联合会)的创始人之一,因此,他们在美国基督教为亚洲捐款的运动中极为活跃。由于他们的努力,在美国基督教女子团体捐助的亚洲7所女子学校中,燕大得到了最大的一笔。300万美元中的60万被用来建设燕京大学校园,鲍埃夫妇10万美元的捐助是其中的一部分。他们的女儿米兰•鲍埃毕业于美国威尔斯利女子学院化学系,因为对基督的信仰,1920xx年离开了刚订婚的未婚夫,远涉重洋,来到燕京大学教化学,是燕大最早的女教授之一,米兰后来成为燕大董事会的秘书,继续为燕大的发展筹集款项。不仅如此,她还极其关心中国人民的命运。抗日战争,米兰为中国难民救助会工作,筹集了很大一笔钱。她的女儿卡米拉参加了基督教教育学会的亚洲交流项目,并在1979年第一次来到中国作讲座,她的外孙女谢海日(Heather Smith Xie)24岁来到中国教书,如今,谢海日与她的中国丈夫谢勇住在香港,两个小孩先学中文,后学英文,已经能够流利地讲普通话、广东话和英文。她把她的家庭和生活看作中美友好交往的一个见证。

最新的北京大学导游词范文(二)

大家好,欢迎来到百年学府北京大学。很高兴能够作为大家的导游,我叫马导游。希望大家能积极配合我的工作,一起在北大度过一小段快乐的时光。

但是,在出发前,我要先强调一下纪律,请大家听好:

1、校园不是公园,这是一个学习的环境,希望大家不要喧哗,一起来感受校园里该有的氛围。

2、校园景色非常优美,请大家爱护环境,不要践踏草坪,攀枝折花,乱丢废弃物。

3、校园里的人非常多,大家走的时候排成两列纵队,紧跟队伍,千万不要走丢走散了。

要出发了,大家要紧跟着我的思路和脚步,否则你将会错过很多知识和景色哟!出发了,首先先让大家回顾一下北大历史。北大创办于1898年,原名京师大学堂,光绪皇帝亲笔题词“京师大学堂”匾

额。它是中国第一所国立的综合性大学,也是当时最高的教育行政机关,是康梁百日维新的措施之一。慈禧发动政变,把所有的变法都废除了,只保留了京师大学堂。北大从此延续至今。(原校设在北京石景山东街)

1920xx年易名为北京大学校。严复任北大首任校长,积极开设外语学科研究西方文化的新课程。1920xx年红楼竣工,校本部设在故宫后的沙滩。

1920xx年教育家蔡元培先生出任北京大学校长,并且担任中华民国教育总长,他提出思想自由,兼容并包的方针,使北大成为新文化运动的发祥地,为新民主主义革命的发生创造了条件。他聘陈独秀为文科学长,李大钊为图书馆长,胡适、钱玄同为文科教授,李四光为理科教授,马寅初为教务长,著名文学家思想家鲁迅也应聘在北大教授《中国小说史》。毛泽东在北大图书馆做图书管理员,经过李大钊的介绍,认真学习马列主义著作,逐渐转变为马克思主义者,也是在当时认识他的第一夫人,北大教授杨昌济的女儿。那时北大革命家,思想家,文学家云集。

1920xx年,北大师生点燃了“五四”运动的火炬,李大钊、胡适等人领导了文化革命的新启蒙运动,北大成为中国新文化运动的中心。

1937年,“七七”事变之后,北平很不安全,北京大学,清华大学,天津南开大学纷纷南迁长沙,后又转到云南昆明组建临时“西南联合大学”,抗日战争持续八年,西南联大持续了八年,当时条件非常艰苦,是出人才最多的时期之一。西南联大汇各校菁华,以刚毅坚卓维系中华教育命脉,在此精神的激励下,培养了如诺贝尔获奖者杨振宁、李振道,两弹元勋邓稼先,文学家闻一多、朱自清等名人。

最新的北京大学导游词范文(三)

到北京的第一天,老妈想让我感受一下高等学府的浓郁氛围,就带我去参观了北京大学。

一到北大,我就被校门吸引住了,北大的校门古色古香,令人赞叹不已……大门有4米多高,朱红的大门和绿色的琉璃瓦显示了最高学府的特色,真是不同凡响;“北京大学”四个大字苍劲有力。

进了校门,我们参观了北京大学的“一塔湖图”,大家一定很奇怪吧,中国著名的北京大学怎么会一塌糊涂呢?嘿嘿,错了,“一塔湖图”的塔是灯塔的塔,湖是湖水的湖,图呢,则是图书的图。为什么要叫“一塔湖图”呢?因为北京大学有一座塔叫博雅塔,是北京大学缺水时期造的一座十三层的水塔,塔中有一座很深的井,后来废弃不用,成为北京大学著名的三大景点之一。还有一片湖,叫未名湖,湖水清澈见底,湖里长满了荷花,在未名湖,不论是晨练还是晨读,都是神清气爽的。图是图书馆,北京大学的图书馆是亚洲学校图书馆中藏书最多的图书馆,在那里,天下大事都看得到。

我最喜欢里面的图书馆了,北京大学的图书馆已有一百多年的历史。李大钊、毛泽东等革命前辈都曾在这里工作过。经过不断扩建,今天已成为亚洲高校第一大馆。目前藏书五百三十多万册,居全国高校首位。哦!在这个图书馆里博览群书,不聪明才怪呢!今天虽然已经放假了,但我们依然在图书馆里看到有许多同学在看书,这让我非常感慨:北大学生如此努力刻苦,这或许就是北大的精神吧!

老妈说:“北大是全国最好的学校之一,最关键的不仅他有最好的老师,而且因为每一学子都坚守着北大精神。”

今天我终于领悟到了这一点,就是要积极进取和追求进步,追求科学!

最新的北京大学导游词范文(四)

北京,中华人民共和国首都、中央直辖市、中国国家中心城市,中国政治、文化、教育和国际交流中心,同时是中国经济金融的决策中心和管理中心。北京位于华北平原北端,东南与天津相连,其余为河北省所环绕。北京有着3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史,是“中国四大古都”之一,具有一定的国际影响力,其最早见于文献的名称为“蓟”。北京荟萃了自元明清以来的中华文化,拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观,是全球拥有世界文化遗产最多的城市。北京也为华北地区降雨最多的地区之一。历史悠久的国际高等大学北京大学、清华大学也坐落于北京。

北京是全球拥有世界遗产(6处)最多的城市,是全球首个拥有世界地质公园的首都城市。北京旅游资源丰富,对外开放的旅游景点达200多处,有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园和圆明园,还有八达岭长城、慕田峪长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项,99处全国重点文物保护单位(含长城和京杭大运河的北京段)、326处市级文物保护单位、5处国家地质公园、15处国家森林公园。世界文化遗产:故宫、长城、周口店北京人遗址、天坛、颐和园、明十三陵。世界地质公园:北京房山世界地质公园。国家级风景名胜区:八达岭―十三陵、石花洞。中国历史文化名街:国子监街、烟袋斜街。中国历史文化名镇:密云县古北口镇。中国历史文化名村。门头沟区:斋堂镇爨底下村、斋堂镇灵水村、龙泉镇琉璃渠村。

西周时成为周朝的诸侯国之一的燕国的都城。自金朝起成为古代中国首都中都。自元代起,开始成为全中国的首都。明朝自成祖后开始对北京进行大规模扩建,明朝时期北京成为第一个汉族王朝的首都。清朝在延续明北京城的基础上又进行了一些修缮和扩建。至清末北京成为当时世界上最大的城市。北京有着3000余年的建城史和859余年的建都史。自秦汉以来北京地区一直是中国北方的军事和商业重镇。1860年,英法联军打进北京;1920xx年,八国联军再次打进北京,美丽的北京城受到了非常严重的破坏和洗劫,大量文物被侵略军和坏民劫掠。1920xx年辛亥革命后,民国元年1月1日,中华民国定都南京,同年3月迁都北京,直至民国十七年中国国民dang北伐军攻占北京,张作霖败回东北,北洋政府下台。民国伊始,北京的地方体制仍依清制,称顺天府。

直至民国三年,改顺天府为京兆地方,直辖于中央政府北洋政府。这一时期,北京新建了有轨电车系统,和一批现代的文化教育机构,如清华大学、燕京大学、北京大学、辅仁大学、协和医学院等。1937年七七事变后,北平被日本占领。伪中华民国临时政府在此成立,且将北平改名为北京。1945年8月21日,入侵北京的日本军队宣布投降,重新更名为北平。1949年1月31日,中国人民解放军进入北平市,实现对北京的解放。同年9月27日中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过《关于中华人民共 和国国都、纪年、国歌、国旗的决议》,北平更名为北京。1949年10月1日,中华人民共和国中央人民政府在北京宣告成立。

北京城不仅汇聚了世界上著名的五大宗教(道教、佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教、天主教),而且这五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。比如,现在我们行驶的朝阜路上,短短几公里,就聚居了四个宗教(朝阳门外的东岳庙、东四清真寺、隆福寺、广济寺、历代帝王庙、白塔寺)的建筑,而在北京宣南地区,以北京建城纪念柱为中心的周边地区,可以说聚集了五大宗教的许多著名活动场所。这些场所有:佛教的天宁寺、法源寺、长椿寺;道教的白云观;基督教珠市口教堂;天主教宣武门教堂(南堂);伊斯兰教牛街礼拜寺;这种“宗教文化区”在世界大城市中是罕见的,体现了东方“和”的文化氛围,体现了北京城市文化的独特魅力,体现了中华民族的伟大凝聚力。

北京是座千年古都,历史上,因长期处于中原与北方民族的交汇处,故而曾融合了众多民族的文化、习俗与语言。久而久之,便产生出了富有本地特色的北京风俗习惯。例如集吃喝玩乐于一体的北京庙会等。

北京的传统节日形式多样、内容丰富,是中华民族悠久历史文化的一个组成部分。从这些流传至今的节日风俗里,可以清晰地看到古代人民社会生活的精彩画面。特色的节日如龙庆峡冰灯艺术节、香山红叶节、白云观庙会、东岳庙庙会等。

最新的北京大学导游词范文(五)

晨风轻轻吹起天安门前的薄雾,又将紫荆城的面纱一并掀起。一轮红日从东方冉冉升起,将你我的脸庞趁的那样美丽。古老而年轻的北京城,在新世纪的曙光里,焕发着蓬勃的迷人魅力和对美好未来的憧憬。

北京悠久的历史,纵跨3020xx年。相传炎黄二帝是同父异母的兄弟,各有一半天下,皇帝行道炎帝不听,炎帝因有蚩尤相助与黄帝在诼鹿和阪泉大战,结果炎帝战败。天下合一,皇帝自立为天子,并在逐鹿建都。据载琢鹿和阪泉都是北京地区。后来黄帝的孙子在幽陵建城,“幽”成为北京地区的代称。无行当中代表北方之意。

五帝之首帝喾时,北京地区为天下九州之一的冀州,到了尧时叫幽都,舜帝时叫幽州。

商代灭亡之后,周武王将北京地区的两个地方“燕”和“蓟”封给了两位功臣。后来燕国吞并了蓟国统称为燕国,燕代表黑色象征着北方。燕国传位44世,历820余年。是当时各封国中历史最长的强国。

唐代“安史之乱”后称此处为大都和燕京,金代中都,元代为大都正式成为全国的政治中心。

明朝朱元璋南京称帝,派大将徐达功克大都城,改称北平府。靖难之役之后永乐皇帝迁都北京。从此北京才有这个响亮名字。 大家好!各位长途旅行辛苦了。

首先代表北京旅行社欢迎各位朋友的到来。来到中国。来到首都北京参观游览。我们大家今天所看到的机场叫做首都国际机场,坐落在顺义县天竺村附近。距市区约20公里,机场原占地8000余亩,机场候机楼面积为1.2万平方米。跑道呈南北方向,长2500米,宽80米。1958年建成并投入使用。机场始建于1956年,在1975年和1995年两次进行扩建,而我们如今使用的候机楼是在1999年9月28日投入并使用的。是为了庆祝中华人民共和国成立50周年而特意扩建的。而随着旅游业的发展。为了缓解首机的客流量,若干包机组在南苑机场起落。 首都机场路始建于1958年,起于东北处的三元立交桥直至首都机场,全长18.7公里,路面只有7-9米宽。近年来,首都建设有了飞速发展,首都机场旅客流量迅猛增加。于是,被誉为“国门第一路”的首都机场高速公路于1992年7月2日正式开工,在1993年国庆前投入使用。是一条全封闭,全立交的高速公路,是三元桥直至机场二号桥。而且为双辐路。三上三下双向六车道。路面总宽34.5米,大大的缩短了机场到市区的时间。大概约半小时就可抵达市区了。在此条大道上,没有很多的收费站。而最为显眼的一座但是大家眼前看到的这座。也是整个高速公路中最大的一座。收费站用钢金筑成,仿古建筑。钢金上绘有苏式彩绘,十分漂亮。远远看去,你一个人扩展开双臂表示对世界各地的朋友热烈欢迎。

欢迎大家来到中国的首都-北京。穿过收费站,是京杭大运河的上游。也是唯一一条发源于北京的水系,叫作温榆河。而在此高速公路两旁也种有很多的树。杨树,柏树,槐树等等。因为北京市人民政府动员全市人民保护环境,让北京一年四季都拥有绿色。一年三季要有花的陪衬。使北京更加生气勃勃。更加绚丽多彩。而北京的市树是国槐和侧柏,市花是月季和菊花。因为月季,菊花以及国槐和侧柏十分适合北京的气候。北京属于大陆性季风气候,四季分明,春季风沙大,夏季雨水多,无酷暑但炎热,秋季秋高气爽,降温快,冬季晴朗,干燥,寒冷少雪。

北京城简介 北京最早被称为北京湾,在北京湾内最早的国家是燕国和蓟国。因此燕蓟古城是北京市内最早的城市。而北京市区的发祥地在宣武区广安门周围一带。随着历史的变革,北京城也发生了翻天覆地的变化。一座座高楼大厦拔地而起,一座座现代化的办公楼居民小区城市花园脱颖而出。使北京人也哗然惊叹。而为了迎接20xx年奥运会的到来,整个北京又有了飞的腾跃。如今的北京更加的亮丽,但在如此现代化的城市建设当中。北京仍保持着古城的文化,历史。不仅拥有历代帝王留下的文物古迹,而且北京人原来生活的住宅,习俗还历历在目。是现化化的北京中一颗闪烁的明珠。 古城北京最为出名的是胡同。四合院。京城小吃,卖艺,杂耍,庙会等等。胡同一词的由来,众说纷云,但最为常说的是蒙古语“井”字的音译。其实,胡同二字的确是蒙古语。经考证是“Hottog”的音译,有人译成“霍多”或“忽洞”,是水井之意。因为凡居民聚集处,必有水源(井)北京地区以水井为中心,分布居民区由来已久。但在北京,宣武区叫“胡同”的地方比较少。大多数以街命名,为什么? 现在宣武区大部分地域是辽金时的旧城范围,而地名沿袭至今。未受到元代蒙古语音的影响。因此元代是北京胡同的尊基时代。而胡同名字也是千姿百态。有饮食类的(羊肉胡同,麻花胡同,烧饼胡同,茶叶胡同)等等 服务行业的 洗染业(魏染胡同)牲畜治病(陶兽医胡同,黄兽医胡同) 专管接生(石老娘胡同)等等 从所周知,北京的平民百姓是这座古老城市的典型居民,有些居民的职业,身份在地名上也能表现出来 (宋姑娘胡同 勾栏胡同 粉子胡同 演乐胡同)等,一看就是妓女所在 (刘和尚胡同 杨和尚胡同 罗道士胡同 刘师婆胡同)等看到居住者身份 还有以家族,老人等等起名的胡同,十分的有意思,但随着社会的发展,很多胡同的名字发生的变化,这就是大家熟知的改名。为什么?重名的,有伤大雅的等等。羊尾胡同改为杨威胡同,驴市胡同改为礼士胡同,鸡罩胡同改为吉兆胡同,臭皮胡同改为寿比胡同,驴肉胡同改为礼路胡同等等 改名也要态度谨慎,群众接受,尊重历史,谐音。因此要实现地名标准备化。而如今北京大小胡同如牛毛,但最为出名的就是位于西城区周围大大小小的胡同。因为历史悠久,保存完整,景色优美,还拥有北京市区唯一留下的四合院景区以及王府所在地。是中外游客的旅游胜地。穿梭于大小胡同,尽览北京风情。

四合院,是北京一种传统的住宅形式。而且广受欢迎。四合院即四面有房屋的院落,在汉化趋于成熟,唐宋时期广泛使用。现在城区内四合院,大多是清朝中叶的遗物。由于四合院的卦闭性强,关起街门与世隔绝,具有防火,防盗等特点。所以极适合一个家庭的生活。四合院的房子,有正房,厢房,耳房等分别。院内还种有众多的花草和树木,但不种松柏和杨树。但现在保存的四合院所剩无几。

京城老字号 同仁堂 同仁堂药铺的创始人乐尊育,浙江绍兴人。明末来京行医。住在大栅栏的一个客栈里,清康熙八年,改串铃行医,走街串巷看点小病,为坐商兼行医。并将所住客栈取名叫同仁堂。这就是同仁堂之始。1753年,同仁堂失火。烧得片瓦无存,清宫的御药房的领班张世基乃乐尊育孙子乐礼的岳父,与乐尊育关系密切。遂出资将同仁堂重新修建。1834年,同仁堂又失火,火后同仁堂又招股重建,到了咸丰年间,由于原来供应御药房的育宁堂犯了奕泞的名讳,故改由同仁堂供应。以后同仁堂逐渐发展。1920xx年同仁堂各立门户,乐家最后一任经理是岳松生,新中国成立后改变了经营方式,达成英资双方协议,以提成活工资的方式。维持至1952年,抗美援朝后,同仁堂的营业大有起色,又改善固定工资,直到1956年公私合营,而后,同仁堂得到了较快的发展。同仁堂的药品质量很好。有药到病除,妙手回春之效。同仁堂以经营丸、散、膏、丹为主。所制药品配方好,选料精,炮制细。药的配方主要来自家传,民间,清宫秘方。同仁堂在经济上曾得到过封建皇朝有支持,是了资本雄厚的“皇商”。凭借这一地位和与御药房的关系,他们在买药材上占有很大的优势。能买到最好的药材,在生产过程中,同仁堂讲究遵古炮制,一丝不苟。在贵重药材的使用上以宁缺勿滥为原则。所制几百种中成药中,以十大五牌最为有名,安宫牛黄丸,乌鸡白凤丸,再造丸等等,至此三百多年。在1992年8月成立了同仁堂集团。由20个中药厂,企业和22个中药科学研究院,医保单位组成。

展开阅读全文

篇6:介绍北京的英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 18564 字

+ 加入清单

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

展开阅读全文

篇7:北京天坛导游词怎么写

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 343 字

+ 加入清单

今天我,带你们来游览一下我国著名的天坛

我国天坛建于公元15世纪上半叶,坐落在皇家园林当中,四周杏松环保,是保存完好的坛庙建筑群,无论再整体布局还是单一建筑群上,到反映出天地之间的关系,而这一关系在中国古代宇宙观中占着核心位置。同是,这些建筑还体现出帝王将相在这一关系中所起的独特作用。

天坛位于北京市崇文区永定门内大街左侧,是明清两代帝王祭天祈谷、夏至祈雨、冬至祭雪的圣地。

天坛主要建筑均位于内坛,从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南呈圆形,以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构,都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰收的场所,是一座三重檐的圆形大殿,高38米,直径32.72米,蓝色琉璃瓦屋顶,全砖木结构,没有大梁长檩,全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑,在造型上具有高度的艺术价格。

展开阅读全文

篇8:北京天坛导游词500字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 269 字

+ 加入清单

亲爱的游客们:

大家好!我是门艾琳,很高兴能成为大家的导游,希望你们旅游愉快。

大家请看天坛

天坛的建筑具有独特的艺术风格,是我国最精美的古建筑群之一。这里原是明、清两朝帝王祭祀、祈祷丰年的地方。初建于1420年,天坛的面积为273公顷,分为内坛和外坛。北边的围墙为半圆形,南端是方形,象征着“天圆地方”。因为古人认为天是圆的,地是方的。那时,每年祭天两次。第1次是新春夏历正月上旬,这时要百谷求雨,祈祷丰收。第2次是在冬至日,表示感谢黄天上帝。天坛有三座建筑,一座比一座高,表示逐步登天。

现在你们可以自由观赏天坛了,祝你们游玩得开心、愉快。

展开阅读全文

篇9:北京北海公园景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1191 字

+ 加入清单

游客朋友们:

您们好,欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园位于北京市的中心,是我园现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一,距今已有近千年的历史

北海园林的开发始于辽,金又在辽初创的基础上于大定十九年(1179年)建成规模宏伟的太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭我国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制,并将北宋汴京艮岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼x岛上。至元四年(1267年),元世祖忽必烈以太宁宫琼x岛为中心营建大都,琼x岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城,赐名万寿山、太液池永乐十八年(1420xx年)明朝正式迁都北京,万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑,称西苑。明向南开拓水面,形成三海的格局。清朝承袭明的西苑,乾隆时期对北海进行大规模的改建,奠定了此后的规模和格局。辛亥革命后,1920xx年北海辟为公园对外开放。1949年新中国成立后,党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视,拨巨资予以修葺,1961年被国务院公布为第一批全园重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地69公顷(其中水面39公顷),主要由琼x岛、东岸、北岸景区组成琼x岛上树木苍郁,殿宇栉比,亭台楼阁,错落有致,白塔耸立山巅,成为公园的标志,环湖垂柳掩映着濠濮间、画舫斋、静心斋、天王殿、快雪堂、九龙壁、五龙亭、小西天等众多著名景点,北海园林博采众长,有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵,并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆,气象万千而又浑然一体,是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。北海位于北京故宫西北,是我国现存历史悠久、规模宏伟的一处古帝王宫苑。素有人间“仙山琼阁”之美誉这里原是辽、金、元、明、清五个朝的皇家“离宫御苑 明、清两,北海与中海、南海合称三海清乾隆年间大规模扩建,现存建筑多为那时所建,基本上已是现在的格局了。

北海全区可分为琼x岛、团城、北海东岸与北岸四个部分琼x岛是全园的中心,岛上建筑、造景繁复多变,堪称北海胜景东部以佛教建筑为主,永安寺、正觉殿、白塔,自下而上,高低错落,其中尤以高耸入云的白塔最为醒目;西部以悦心殿、庆霄楼等系列建筑为主,另有阅古楼、漪澜堂、双虹榭和许多假山隧洞、回廊、曲径等建筑。

北海东、北两岸有建筑群多处,各具特色,有画舫斋、濠濮涧、静心斋、天王殿、小西天、五龙亭、九龙壁等园中园和佛寺建筑北海南为屹立于水滨的团城,以永安桥与琼x岛相连;团城上的建筑按中轴线对称布置,主殿承光殿位于中央,规模宏大,造型精巧。

北海公园的面积为68公顷,其中水面约占39公顷总观北海全园的建筑布局,以白塔为中心,以琼x岛为主体的四面景观。山顶耸立的白塔建于清顺治八年(1651年),内藏有喇嘛经卷和衣钵等四周殿阁相连,形成众星捧月之势湖东岸、北岸有几处庭院、寺庙建筑湖边的五龙亭似飘若动,构成了北海的又一独特景致。位于北岸的九龙壁更是气势磅礴,为中国仅有的三个九龙壁之一园中的“仿膳饭庄”以经营清宫风味菜肴著称。

展开阅读全文

篇10:关于北京的导游词150字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 332 字

+ 加入清单

朋友们,大家好:

欢迎大家来到这里,下面我来为大家介绍一下北京!

北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。

北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。

北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。

展开阅读全文

篇11:经典北京导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 4667 字

+ 加入清单

各位嘉宾:

不知道您读没读过>,那上面开篇有一句话叫“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎”。那么我就以孔子的这句名言,热烈地欢迎您来孔子的故乡曲阜参观游览。下面,就由我陪同各位游览并进行导游服务,非常感谢您的合作,并衷心地希望您对我的工作多提出批评意见。在来曲阜之前,许多朋友可能已对曲阜和孔子有了不少的了解,但也有的朋友知道的并不十分详细,现在,我就在进入景点之前,先把曲阜和孔子的情况简要介绍一下。曲阜位于中国山东省西南部,现有人中62万其中城区人口10万,面积约890平方公里。

“曲阜”二字始见于>一书,东汉应邵解释说:鲁城中有阜,委曲长七八里,故名“曲阜”。宋真宗大中祥符5年,也就是公元1020_年,为了纪念中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝出生在曲阜,曾一度改名“仙源”县,金太宗天会7年(公元1120_年),又复名曲阜,沿用至今。曲阜是一个小城,然而,曲阜又是一座有着五千年文明史的文化古城,在这片神圣而又古老的土地上,中国远古传说中的三皇五帝,竟有四人在这里留下了踪迹。

据>、>等史书记载:“黄帝生于寿丘”,“少昊自穷桑登帝位,称都曲阜,崩葬云阳山”,现在曲阜城东8里,仍留下座金字塔式的坟墓--少昊陵。中国有句俗话说道“人往高处走,水往低处流”,我们是不是可以理解为我们中华民族的祖先从这里,从黄河中下游向中原,向黄土高原迁徙的过程,而我们的母亲之河,黄河、长江,从黄土高原之上奔腾而下,一泻千里,最后汇入大海呢!中国还有句古话叫“江南出才子,江北出圣人”,实际上,江北的圣人几乎全出自曲阜。在中国封建时代,受到皇帝赐封的圣人一共有6位,他们分别为至圣孔子、亚圣孟子、复圣颜子、述圣子思、宗圣曾子、元圣周公,头4位都出生在曲阜,后两位一位是孔子的弟子,一位是封地在曲阜,周公的后世33代曾在鲁国为国君,至今山东称鲁,即起于此。现在曲阜地上地下文物众多,文化灿烂,有国家级文物古迹4处,省级11处,市级100余处。1982年曲阜被国务院公布为全国首批24个历史文化名城之一,1994年曲阜“三孔”被联合国正式列为世界文化遗产。由于曲阜对东方文化的重要贡献,不少人称曲阜为世界三大圣城之一:“东方的麦加”。

在这里,您不得不沉思,也不能不感奋,因为这里深扎着中华民族的根,深扎着中国传统文化的根。各位朋友,在中国,在东方这片有着五千年文明历史的土地上,你也许读不懂青铜器上的铭文,也许不理解人头兽身表现什么,象征什么。但是,当你走进中国人民的生活,行走在中华民族繁衍生息、劳动创造的古老土地上,你就能感受到、接触到中国人民在日常生活中流露出来的儒家文化的气息,你便能由此体验到中国人民与其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、风土人情和理想道德的差异。无论你从哪个角度,哪个层次去探究中华民族的个性与品格,都不难发现儒家文化的基因,在漫长的历史演进过程中,儒家文化几乎成了中国传统文化的代名词。

而儒家文化的创始人,就是孔子。孔子,春秋时代鲁国人,也就是曲阜人,名丘,字仲尼,生于公元前551年,死于公元前479年,享年73岁。孔子3岁时,父亲叔梁纥去世,16岁时,母亲颜征在去世,少年孔子成了孤儿,开始了他在等级森严的封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗的一生。孔子少年发奋自学,勤而好问,青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉的礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺,进而掌握了>、>、>、>、>、>六经的内容,为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。孔子30岁设学授徒,开始了漫长的教育生涯,他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众,提倡“有教无类”之风,成为中国第一位,也是世界上第一位伟大的教育家。孔子51岁时,才做了中都县令,后来曾在鲁摄相事,然而时间不长,他便辞了官,离开鲁国开始了他长达20_年的周游列国之行。

孔子在68岁时回到鲁国,他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上,一直到死。孔子的一生是颠沛流离,饱经忧患的一生,是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发的一生,是春风化雨,培育英才的一生,是著书立说,济时救世的一生。如今,他的躯体虽已灰飞烟灭,但他的思想,却潜入每个东方人的心灵,他熔铸了中华民族的个性和品格,随着历史的发展和社会的进步,孔子还将引导着人类,跨向21世纪。曲阜的文物古迹和旅游景点很多,大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南门外,城门的北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一的孔庙。城门的正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代的长度单位,一仞约等于8尺。据说,有人称赞孔子的弟子子贡很有学问,子贡听说以后,就说:“人的学问好比宫墙,我的学问只有墙头这么高,人们一看便会看见墙内的一切,而我的老师孔子的这道墙有数仞,不找到它的门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍的多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子的敬仰,明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上,清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子的崇拜,又把胡碑取下,换上了自己写的“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”的来历。

孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星,古人祭天,先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多,题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书,赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门,东边上书“德侔天地一样大,他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”,由此住里,有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字,取>,“孔子,圣之时者也”句,意思是说,在圣人之中,孔子是最适合时代者。过圣时门迎面小石桥,叫“璧水桥”,桥两侧偏南各有一座门,东门叫“快睹门”,是先睹为快的意思,西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门,称“弘道门”,这三个字取自>“人能弘道”的句子,以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。

再往后是“大中门”,大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门,原名叫“宫和门”,字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关,由此门向南望去,一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革,一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大,这些建筑既有清代建筑,也有明代建筑,还有宋代建筑,它们建的时代不同,工匠不同,但都互相配合,相得益彰,构成一体。看孔庙建筑,同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年),因此也叫“成化碑”,它为明宪宗朱见深所立,碑高6米,宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛,著称于世,并且碑文用论辩形式写成,在极力推崇孔子方面,可以说是之最。大家请看右上角,那上面写道:“联惟孔子之道,有天下者一日不可无焉”,又说:“孔子之道在天下,如布帛粟菽,民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟,叫赑屭,是龙的儿子,特别能负重,所以用来驮碑,有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”,在孔庙内,龙和龙的9个儿子,你都可以看到,当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这赑屭,他们说:“摸摸赑屭的头,一辈子不犯愁,摸摸赑屭的腚,一辈子不生病”。我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”,原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一,有星十六颗,“屈曲相钩,似文字之画”,后来人们把它演化为文官之首,封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星,所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。

这座楼阁高23.35米,阔30.1米,深17.62米,三重飞檐,四层斗拱,构造坚固而且合理,康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震,“人间房屋倾者九,存者一”,而奎文阁却傲然屹立,安然无恙,由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落,展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭,南边8座,北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢,碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录,用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑,重约65吨,采自北京的西山,在当时,将如此重量的石碑从千里之外,跋山涉水,运至曲阜,不能不说是一个奇迹。

此院东、西各有一门,是孔庙第三道腰门,为“东华门、西华门”。我们现在进入大成门,“大成门”是指今天下之大成,这一排共有5门并列,最西边为启圣门,是供奉孔子父母的地方,中路大成门,又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐,中路为孔庙最中心的地方,东为承圣门,原为孔子故居。大家知道,孔子是伟大的思想家,教育家、政治家,我们认为,孔子首先是个教育家,他是中国第一位老师,封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”,应当说,他是全人类的老师,是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。

我们面前的“杏坛”,相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方,金代建亭作以纪念,著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树,为后人所栽,每当初春时节,红花绽开,绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时,曾赋诗赞之,诗曰:重来又值籼开时,几树东风簇绛枝,岂是人间凡卉比,文明终古共春熙。矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”,它是中国的“三大殿”之一,与北京故宫的“太和殿”,泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名,其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米,阔45.78米,深24.8米,雕梁画栋,金壁辉煌,特别是周围28根石柱,为世界文化瑰宝,均以整石雕刻而成,前面10根为深浮雕,每柱二龙戏珠,盘绕升腾,栩栩如生,刀法刚劲有力,各具变化。

过去皇帝来了,都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕,每柱72条龙,总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像,两侧为四配,东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及,西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日,我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式,表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”,举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动,欢迎各位到时光临。大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛,共有80间房屋,是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方,在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人,到了民国多达156人,这些配享原为画像,金时改为塑像,明代改为木制牌位,_期间被拆掉。现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。

最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块,如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等,都为国家级石碑,被视为书法艺术的极品,价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中,珍藏着584块石碑,叫“玉虹楼”法贴,是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成,具有极高的艺术价值。寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。圣迹殿是明万历年间,根据司马迁>编绘刻石的连环画,共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。我们现在的位置是孔庙东路,这里当年为孔子故宅,这口水井为“孔子故宅井”,是当年孔子饮水之井,后人称为“圣水”。亭内的碑有乾隆“饮水拜师”和“故宅井赞”,乾隆8次来曲阜,竟有他5次题字。

后面这座红色墙壁叫“鲁壁”,在秦始皇焚书坑儒时,孔子9世孙孔鲋把>等经典藏在此壁内,墙壁倒塌后被人发现,孔子经典方才留传于世。这座殿堂叫“诗礼堂”,是当年孔子教儿子学诗学礼的地方,堂前有两棵宋代银杏树,当初孔府曾用这棵树的果实做菜,名叫“诗礼银杏”大家在品尝孔府菜时,千万不要忘了点这道菜,因为此菜的出处就在这个地方。孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆,我们匆匆看一次,只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌,尤其是不能会其神韵,那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。下面我们参观孔府。孔府即“衍圣公府”,也是世界文化遗产之一,全国重点文物保护单位。孔府大门与孔庙仅一墙之隔。孔府共占地240亩,有厅、堂、楼、房463间,在路布局,九进院落,东路为“东学”,西路为“西学”供游人游览的主要是中路。

展开阅读全文

篇12:导游词北京故宫200字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 417 字

+ 加入清单

尊敬的游客们大家好:

今天,将有我带领大家去故宫博物院游览。自我介绍一下,我叫张子晗,大家也可以叫我小张。

我先给大家简略介绍一下。故宫又名“紫禁城”曾经居住过24位皇帝,是明、清两代建造的。故宫坐南朝北,占地72万平方米,建筑占地15万平方米。故宫四面有10米的城墙,长961米,宽753米,还有3800米的护城河环绕。

“耳听为虚,眼见为实。”接下来就让我们来参观吧!这故宫以太和殿为主体,以左右对称的方法来装饰宫殿。中和殿还有一个灿烂夺目的宝顶呢!

哈哈!大家大概已经看到那些精美的图案。有动物的纹样如龙、凤、虎、狮、鸟、鱼、虫;有植物的纹样如荷、兰、竹、菊;还有生物的纹样呢!如电、雷、雨、雪等多种多样的图案和纹样壁画等。

你们知道什么东西最能表现古代帝王的权力呢?当然是玉玺啦!大家往这看明、清两代的四十九国宝,怎么样?精致吧!

今天,小张给大家的解说到此结束,大家可以根据个人喜好来参观,三小时后在故宫博物院后门集合,祝大家玩的愉快!

展开阅读全文

篇13:最新的北京孔庙导游词范文

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 1596 字

+ 加入清单

尊敬的游客朋友,你们好!

欢迎大家来到孔子的家乡曲阜参观游览,孔子有句名言:“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。”很荣幸结识各位新朋友。今天就由我来为大家提供最热情的导游服务。

各位朋友,现在在我们面前的就是书写着“万仞宫墙”的仰圣门,它是明代学者胡缵宗为表达对孔子的尊敬和赞扬而书写的,但现在我们看到的却是乾隆皇帝亲笔书写替换的。

前面的这座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。是比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”,也叫“朝天吼”,这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

现在我们要过的这道门叫“棂星门”。棂星门外东西两侧,各有一幢下马碑,上刻“官员人等至此下马”,在封建社会,所有来曲阜祭孔的官员,无论职位高低,来到孔庙前见到此碑,须文官下轿,武官下马,以示对孔子的尊崇之意。

现在我们过圣时门,迎面的小石桥,叫“璧水桥”,桥两侧偏南各有一座门,东门叫“快睹门”,是先睹为快的意思,西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门,称“弘道门”,再往后是“大中门”。

现在我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”,原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一,后来人们把它演化为文官之首,封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星,所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米,阔30.1米,深17.62米,三重飞檐,四层斗拱,构造坚固而且合理,康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震,“人间房屋倾者九,存者一”,而奎文阁却傲然屹立,安然无恙,由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落,展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭,南边8座,北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢。此排中间的这座碑,重约65吨,采自北京的西山,在当时,将如此重量的石碑从千里之外,跋山涉水,运至曲阜,不能不说是一个奇迹。

我们现在进入大成门,“大成门”是指今天下之大成,前面就是“杏坛”,相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方,坛侧有棵杏树,乾隆皇帝来朝拜时,曾赋诗赞之,诗曰:重来又值籼开时,几树东风簇绛枝,岂是人间凡卉比,文明终古共春熙。

矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”,它是中国的“三大殿”之一,与北京故宫的“太和殿”,泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名,其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米,阔45.78米,深24.8米,雕梁画栋,金壁辉煌,特别是周围28根石柱,为世界文化瑰宝,均以整石雕刻而成,前面10根为深浮雕,每柱二龙戏珠,盘绕升腾,栩栩如生,刀法刚劲有力,各具变化。过去皇帝来了,都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕,每柱72条龙,总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像,两侧为四配,东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及,西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日,我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式,表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”,举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动,欢迎各位到时光临。

大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛,共有80间房屋,是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方,现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块,如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等,都为国家级石碑,被视为书法艺术的极品,价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中,珍藏着584块石碑,叫“玉虹楼”法贴,是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成,具有极高的艺术价值。

寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。

最后这座殿叫圣迹殿,是明万历年间,根据司马迁>编绘刻石的连环画,共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。

现在我们出了故宅门,孔庙的游览也就结束了。孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆,我们匆匆看一次,只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌,尤其是不能会其神韵,那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。谢谢大家!

展开阅读全文

篇14:北京周口店人遗址导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 395 字

+ 加入清单

北京故宫导游词

各位来宾朋友:大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫,我是你们的导游莹莹,今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央,以南北为中轴线,座北朝南,充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城,皇城外又有北京城,真是城城包围!

历史上,故宫因火灾或者其它原因,曾多次的重建,但基本格局没有改变,主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,文华、武英两殿为两翼,是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫,是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座,规格等级仅次于太和殿,面阔9间,进深5间,重檐歇山顶,翼角置走兽9个,内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画,菱花梧扇,生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了,祝大家游玩愉快!

展开阅读全文

篇15:2024年北京景点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 699 字

+ 加入清单

北京是有着三千年历史的国家历史文化名城。北京在历史上曾为六朝都城,在从燕国起的20xx多年里,建造了许多宏伟壮丽的宫廷建筑,使北京成为中国拥有帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛和陵墓数量最多,内容最丰富的城市。其中北京故宫,明朝时叫大内宫城,清朝时叫紫禁城,这里原为明、清两代的皇宫,住过24个皇帝,建筑宏伟壮观,完美地体现了中国传统的古典风格和东方格调,是中国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿,是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。天坛以其布局合理、构筑精妙而扬名中外,是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”。

四合院是以正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的北方传统住宅的统称。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居,是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰砖的四合院之间形成的窄巷,就是著名的老北京胡同。

北京的宗教寺庙遍布京城,现存著名的有:佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒台寺、云居寺、八大处等。道教的白云观等。藏传佛教的雍和宫等,天主教西什库天主堂、王府井天主堂等。基督教的缸瓦市教堂、崇文门教堂等。

北京中轴线是指元、明、清时的北京城的中轴线,北京的城市规划具有以宫城为中心左右对称的特点。北京的中轴线南起永定门,北至钟鼓楼,长约7.8公里。从南往北依次为,永定门,前门箭楼,正阳门,中华门,天安门,端门,午门,紫禁城,神武门,景山,地安门,后门桥,鼓楼和钟楼。从这条中轴线的南端永定门起,就有天坛、先农坛;太庙、社稷坛;东华门、西华门;安定门,德胜门以中轴线为轴对称分布。中国著名建筑大师梁思成先生曾经说:“北京的独有的壮美秩序就由这条中轴线的建立而产生。”永定门、中华门、地安门都在中华人民共和国成立后被拆毁,而近年来又重新修建了永定门城楼。

展开阅读全文

篇16:北京旅游点导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:旅游,导游,全文共 1182 字

+ 加入清单

各位朋友:现在,我们来到了天安门广场 ,我先为大家做一个简单的介绍,天安门广场是目前世界上最大的城市中心广场,它位于北京市区的中心.天安门广场呈长方形,南北长880米,东西宽500米,总面积 44万平方米。如果人们肩并肩地站在广场上,整个广场可容纳100万人,就是说全北京总人口的1/13都可以同时站在这里,够大的吧!

在明清时期广场可没有这么大,当时它呈“T ”字形,“T”字的那一横就是我们今天的长安街,那一竖就是从现在的国旗杆前至毛主席纪念堂前的这一长条形区域,在这一区域的两侧是按文东武西的格局分布着 当时政府机关。解放后,原来广场两侧的建筑被拆除,从而形成了今天广场的基本格局。

在天安门广场的四周,有很多著名的 建筑,现在我为大家以顺时针方向做一个简单介绍,就让我们以广场西侧的人民大会堂开始吧!人民大会堂位于天安门广场西侧,是全国人民代表参政、议政、举行 重大会议,当家作主行使主权的地方,建成于1959年,最高处46.5米,是现在广场上的最高建筑。整个大会堂由三部分组成,南部为人大常委会办公楼,中部为万人 大会堂,北端是国宴大厅,整座建筑自设计到完工只用了10个月,是我国建筑史上的一个奇迹。

在广场的北端是大家都很熟悉 的天安门城楼,它是新中国的象征,就是在天安门城楼上,1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界人民庄严宣告,“中华人民共和国成立了!中国人民从此站起来了!”:

广场的东侧矗立着中国历史博物馆及中国革 命博物馆,完工于1959年,那里是收藏并展览中国古代、近代历史文物及革命文物 的主要场所。

在人民英雄纪念碑的南面是毛主席纪念堂,原来在那里曾有一座门,明代叫大明门,清代叫大清门,民国时又改为中华门,解放后拆除,1976年毛主席逝世后在其基址上建起了庄严肃穆的毛主席 纪念堂。纪念堂建成于1977年,是为纪念伟大领袖毛主席而建,现在毛主席的遗体安然地躺在水晶棺中,供人们凭吊、瞻仰、表达深深的敬意。

广场的正中,巍巍耸立着中国第一碑——人 民英雄纪念碑,它是为了纪念那些自1840年鸦片战争至1949年中华人民共和国成立这一百多年来为中华民族的独立及自由而抛头颅、洒热血的人民英雄们而建。整座 纪念碑高37.94米,座落在双层基座之上,碑座四周镶嵌有八幅汉白玉浮雕,反映了中国近百年革命历史。纪念碑的背面是毛主席起草,周总理手书的碑文,正面是毛 主席亲笔题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个镏金大字。

天安门广场是中国近代革命的见证人,反帝 反封建的五四运动、三˙一八惨案、一二˙九都发生在这里。天安门广场也是新中国诞生的见证人,更是今天人民幸福生活的见证人。现在,它已被全国人民评为“ 中国第一景”,每天都有来自海内外的朋友们到此参观游览。

好!不多说啦!各位一定想在这里照几张相 吧?现在就请各位自由拍照,10分钟后我们在北面国旗杆处集合,谢谢大家!

展开阅读全文

篇17:导游词的北京故宫

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 964 字

+ 加入清单

各位游客大家好,我是您们的导游员小宋,今天我们要去的景点是故宫,现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城,而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中,是天上皇帝所居住的地方,称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子,所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严,不许庶民百姓接近,是绝对的禁地,又称为禁宫,所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门,分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门,因为在罗盘上,上午的代表正南,所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型,从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台,正中的墩台上面有门楼,两侧还设有钟鼓亭,东西两侧突出的部分叫观,上部各有廊庑13间,两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代,这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门,两侧都有掖门,这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途:中门是皇帝专用的,或者皇帝大婚的时候,皇后可以从这里入宫,科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时,文武百官走左门,宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开,三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门,外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候,考生分单双号,从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门,我们首先看到的就是内金水河,它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场,上边还有五座汉白玉石桥,就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道,也是建筑和灭火的主要水源,同时还起到了点缀景观的作用,使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门,就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫,都要在太和门换车,而且皇帝大婚的时候,皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事:在光绪皇帝大婚前夕,太和门突然被火烧毁了,可是大婚当天皇后要从这里经过,所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠,连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门,才使得婚礼如期进行,而在第二年,太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场,它面积有3万多平方米,在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候,都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

展开阅读全文

篇18:北京什刹海的导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 894 字

+ 加入清单

什刹海景区是指前海、后海和西海及其周边地区146.7公顷的范围,以什刹海命名,其四至范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部,东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街,西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门,由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。景区中三海水面达33.6公顷(约占总面积的23%)。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚,有文物保护单位40余处,占西城区的三分之一以上。历文上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座,现仍尚存10几处。什刹海景区的不少古建筑在北京城市建设发展史上及政治文化史上占有重要地位,主要代表有恭王府及花园、宋庆龄故居及醇王府、 郭沫若纪念馆、钟鼓楼、德胜门箭楼、广化寺、汇通祠、会贤堂。

什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中,依托水体,还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。

什刹海地区的街巷结构最早形成于元代,区内不少建筑年代久远,具有北京传统建筑的典型特征。北京城市总体规划己将该地区列为重点保护的二十五个历史街区之一。此外,在本地区居住着的民民少则居住了十几年、几十年,多则数代居住于此,形成了老北京淳朴热情的邻里生活环境。

什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院,如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同,南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。依托胡同和四合院,什刹海地区自古以来就有许多富有特色的民裕活动,如放荷灯、泛舟游湖、宴饮赏荷、冰床围酌、大阅冰鞋等。至今,一些有生命力的民俗活动仍然在什刹海地区大量存在。如钓鱼、游泳、划船、赛艇、下棋、弹唱、消夏舞会等。 “胡同游”即活跃在这片得天独厚的自然人文环境中。

“什刹海水上游”采用长7米、宽1.7米,依清明上河图中船形打造的古色古意的橹船作交通工具,从水路穿过银锭桥去宋庆龄故居、广化寺和恭王府花园。日落西山船行什刹海,游人点起纸河灯放入水中,灯浮水面沿船尾浮动,忽明忽暗灿烂一片,这一景象使人恍如回到唐宋年间的西湖月夜。

展开阅读全文

篇19:北京天坛导游词400字

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 479 字

+ 加入清单

各位游客:

大家好,我是你们的导游,曹宇翔。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说,现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛,从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰,高峰耸寺深古纵横,一峰突起,万峰臣伏,唯我独尊,从南向北看中间高,两边低,好似屋顶像王者之屋,称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台,因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天,后人为了纪念,该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点,把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛,又来到了望景寺,这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产,国家5A级旅游景区,全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门,东南方自,为明清两朝皇帝祭天,求雨和祈,寿年专用祭坛,是世界上现在规模最大,最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。1920xx年作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台,坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制,天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起,对天坛建筑进行了多次修理,天坛终于形成了南北两坛,规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景,说也说不尽,希望你有机会细细游赏。

展开阅读全文

篇20:北京恭王府英文导游词

范文类型:导游词,适用行业岗位:导游,全文共 19147 字

+ 加入清单

Prince Gongs residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

Prince Gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gongs palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.

Prince Gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".

Prince Gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi

There are five main reasons why he is favored

First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.

Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Honglisforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Honglis reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

Many friends come to Prince Gongs residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didnt mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )

2、 Scenic spots in the mansion

The main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yinan hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.

The new construction process of yinan Hall:

The yinan hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?

The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.

Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.

Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.

Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.

Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

Jiale Hall

Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.

Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.

Grand Theater

The grand theater building of Prince Gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. Its very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yis birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGongs mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gongs mansion. Now?

展开阅读全文