北京天坛导游词怎么写
各位朋友,现在我们来到了天坛,首先我为大家简单介绍一下,天坛是世界上现存的规模最大的古代皇家祭祀性建筑群,它是明清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷及祈雨的地方.天坛完工于公元1420xx年,位于紫禁城的东南方向,全园占地273公顷,是紫禁城面积的4倍。在中轴线上有三组非常重要的建筑,自南向北依次是圜丘坛、皇穹宇及祈年殿。另外,园中西侧有斋宫等建筑,全园遍植古松、庄严肃穆,是一处非常理想的祭祀场所。
在明代,天坛初建之时,实行天地合祭,不仅祭天,而且祭地,其位置便是今天祈年殿所在的祈谷坛上。后来,在京城的北面设地坛,专门祭地,又在祈年殿的南侧修建了圜丘坛及皇穹宇,专门祭天,从而形成了今天的格局及规模。1920xx年八国联军入侵北京,天坛也未能幸免于难。侵略者在此胡作非为,盗走并破坏无数珍贵文物,犯下不可饶恕的罪行。
最后一个在这里祭天的人是窃国大盗袁世凯,但天不随人愿,袁某只做了83天皇帝瘾便一命归西了。解放后,国家多次拨款重修天坛,但不再是为了祭天,而是为了给世人、给世界留下一份遗产。
1998年天坛被联合国教科文组织列为人类遗产目录。
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篇1:经典的北京导游词
各位游客,大家好。欢迎大家来到北京香山公园参观游览。我是大家的景点讲解员小张。今天大家在香山的游览就由我全程为大家服务。在此,希望大家在领略香山的烂漫枫叶以及古典园林文化之美的同时也给大家带来一份愉快的的心情和美好的回忆。下面就让我们开始我们今天的游览。香山在北京市西北郊的西山东麓,这里层峦叠嶂,海拔577米,满山是黄栌树,霜后呈深紫红色。陈毅诗“西山红叶好,霜重色愈浓”,即指黄栌树叶。霜降时节,香山方圆数万亩坡地上红艳似火,远观以为它是一片片花瓣,近看才辨清是一片片椭圆的树叶。香山观赏红叶绝佳处在森玉笏峰小亭,从亭里极目远眺,远山近坡,鲜红、粉红、猩红、桃红,层次分明,似红霞缭绕,情趣盎然,成为北国著名的秋游胜地。
香山山顶有巨石两块,叫乳峰石。其形酷似“香炉”,周围又常有云雾弥漫,如袅袅升空的香烟,香山由此得名。香山景色秀丽,名胜遍布,风光旖旎,极富自然野趣。秋来黄栌换装,漫山红遍,如火如荼,此即“香山红叶”,是燕京八景之一。香山冬天的景色也很迷人,每当冬雪初晴,一片银妆素裹,分外妖娆,旧燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”就指这里。香山寺,在香山公园内蟾蜍峰北。金大定二十六年(1186年)建,金世宗赐名大永安寺,为香山诸寺之首,“静宜园”二十八景之一。后遭英法联军和八国联军焚毁,仅存石阶,石坊柱、石屏等遗迹,唯有寺内的“听法松”依然屹立。香炉峰,俗称鬼见愁。在香山公园西部。此峰高峻陡削,攀登不易,在峰顶可饱览香山全景。近年已建有缆车索道,牵引登山。双清别墅在香山公园内香山寺下。这里原有两股清泉,相传金章宗时称梦感泉。清乾隆在泉旁石崖上题刻“双清”二字。1920_年熊希龄在此修建别墅,并以此为名。别墅淡雅幽静,山水树石顺其自然。清泉大聚一池,池边有亭,亭后有屋,屋旁有竹,竹影扶疏,秀丽非凡。在此春日赏花,酷夏避暑,秋观红叶,寒冬踏雪,四季景色绮丽,称为香山“园中园”。眼镜湖,在香山公园北门内。两泓平静的湖水由一座白石拱桥相联,形似眼镜,故此得名。湖的北侧山石叠嶂,峰峦崛起。一洞之上,流泉直下,恰似珠帘垂挂的水帘洞。山花芳草在沟壑石缝和小溪池水旁争奇斗艳,古柏苍松、老槐垂柳交汇成一片清荫。见心斋在香山公园北门内西侧,毗邻眼镜湖。建于明嘉靖年间,几经修葺,是座颇具江南风味的庭院。
香山庭院中心是一平圆形水池,清洌的泉水从石雕的龙口中注入,夏来新荷婷立,金鱼嬉戏。池东、南、北三面回廊环抱,内有一小亭伸入池中。池西有轩榭三间,即见心斋。斋后山石嶙峋,松柏交翠。整个庭院清静幽雅,使人留连忘返。当年乾隆帝曾在此读书和赐宴臣僚。
香山公园历史悠久,文物古迹众多,早在1186年就出现了人文景观。香山寺曾为京西寺庙之冠。香山四季美景不断。如果把北京西郊比作北京现代化大都市的"后花园"。那么,历史悠久的香山公园便以"春天山花烂漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋红叶飘丹,冬林银妆素裹"的自然景观,成为北京西郊的绿谷"氧吧"。公园内树木繁多,森林覆盖率达96%,仅古树名木就有5800余株,占北京城区的四分之一,公园具有独特的"山川、名泉、古树、红叶"资源。香山红叶驰名中外,1986年被评为"新北京十六景"之一,成为首都秋季最靓丽的一道景观,每到深秋时节,数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山,共赏秋色。
时间过得真快,今天我们的游览已经接近尾声了。相信大家一定领路到丹枫烂漫锦妆成,要与春花斗眼明的红叶美景。谢谢大家对我工作的支持。祝愿以后的每一天都能想今天一样快乐,像这满山红叶一样如火如荼!期待我们下一次再见!
篇2:北京天坛导游词400字
尊敬的女士们、先生们、小朋友们:
大家好!
我是今天的导游盛泽西,大家可以叫我小盛。今天我们要参观的是天坛,它是世界著名文化遗产之一。今天,我很高兴和大家共同欣赏它美丽的景色和建筑,共度这段美好的时光,预祝大家玩得愉快!。
天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天的场所,始建于明永乐20xx年(1420xx年),以后经过不断的扩建,至清乾隆年间建成。它从建成开始,一直是皇帝祭天的专用祭坛,一直延续了490年,直到1920xx年辛亥革命封建帝制结束,它也完成了它的使命。1920xx年被辟为公园,从此后“任人游览”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建筑文物保护单位。1961年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
天坛公园现有面积为205万平方米,保存有祈谷坛、圜丘坛、斋宫、神乐四组古建筑群,有古建筑92座600余间。是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭天建筑群。天坛有3500余株古松柏、古槐,树龄逾数百年。
天坛不仅是中国古代皇帝的祭坛,也是中国悠久的祭天文化的结晶,其宏伟的建筑、苍翠的古树、丰富的文物收藏既记载了中国古代先民的企盼和希望,也记载了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。
各位亲爱的游客朋友们,我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处,请大家批评指正,谢谢!
篇3:北京天坛导游词范文
各位游客,我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后,在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛,占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿,也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙,北面是圆形,南面是方形,取意天圆地方。在一开始,祭天和祭地都是天坛,直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛,才分开的,并且新增了圜丘坛,用于孟冬祭天,把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿,专门用于孟春祈谷,当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了,从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间,有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿,而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
可是这样一个祭天圣地,却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫,继而在1920xx年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1920xx年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1920xx年,天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点,而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分,来这里的不光是旅游者,还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。
现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进,将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙,使外方内圆,符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门,从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞,每组三门,共有24座,称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到,棂星门的大小都不一样,这是因为中门是上帝专用的,所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方,叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下,我们马上要开始登坛了,不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层,大家也就都发现了,坛上所有的台阶数,护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层,都要有9层台阶,台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石,外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板,第二圈18块,以此类推,到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分,每个部分也都有9块,而中层的围护板是18块,下层的是27块,这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是,因为根据阴阳五行来说,9是极阳数,所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。
说完了神坛的奇妙,我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至,皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天,皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒,而到了第三天,也就是冬至前一天,就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天,在日出前七刻,现在的凌晨四点多,奏报时辰,皇帝起驾,斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣,神牌都送到台面相应的位置,也就是七组神位,称作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊,用松枝燔烧,西南的望灯杆望灯高悬,点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡,台南广场上排列着奏乐队,配合着中和韶乐,在文武百官的陪同下,祭天大典就正式开始了,皇帝由南棂星左门登坛,这时钟声停止,到了第二层南侧拜位站好后,听候司赞人报仪程。恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。礼仪结束以后,要将神位前的贡品分别送到燔柴炉(从正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚烧,皇帝也要一旁恭立目视,称为望燎)和燎炉(圜丘坛共有12座燎炉,在瘗坎北侧,从东向西排列着8个;内围护墙东西棂星门外各有一对。从配位幄次车下的祭品分别送到8个燎炉内焚烧,而四个从位幄次的祭品送到棂星门处)焚烧,烟雾腾空,象征着送到天庭。而后还要将牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘗坎掩埋,象征不忘祖先茹毛饮血之意。在这个典礼上,需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方,就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮,而且现在这里也是一样的,各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果,也像当年的皇帝一样,向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走,面前的建筑叫做天库,而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年,起初叫做泰神殿,到了十七年,改名为现在的皇穹宇,它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方,所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌,而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主,还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上,天,宇宙的意思,更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。
它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇,总体呈圆形,下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座,为青白石筑成,有东南西三个方向的出陛,也就是台阶,而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱,大殿上架没有横梁承托,全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑,步步收缩,从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美,而且还有回音壁和三音石,这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙,围墙建造的磨砖对缝,十分的平滑,是很好的声音载体,可以传声,在传递途中对声音损失极小,只要对着墙说话,就算相隔四五十米,见不到面,都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头,您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音,第二块石头可以听到两次,而第三块就可以听到三次回音,所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石,取天地人三才的意思。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了,天坛有非常多的柏树,不错,它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中,有一株500余岁的桧柏,就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特,布满了沟壑,而且旋转扭曲,好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏,所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后,我们就即将走进祈谷坛了,而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥,也叫做海墁大道,而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道,长360米,桥面上分为三条道,中间的是神道,东边是御道,西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢?这有两种说法,一种是说路面南低北高,步步高升,好像与天相连接的桥;而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门,类似立交桥,所以称之为桥。说到进牲门,就是在祭祀前,牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀,制成供品,所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关,因为一进去就有死无生了。
好,回到正题,现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台,在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前,皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次,盥洗更衣,所以这里还有小金殿之称。
到此,祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台,而在正面三层石台阶中,分别装饰着巨大的浮雕,叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是:瑞云山海,双凤山海,双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间,原来是安放从祀牌位的地方,不过在家靖年间,把它们挪到了先农坛,所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩,都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖,以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶,抬头仰视,便是龙凤藻井,中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的,中间的四柱名叫龙井柱,东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬;而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间,则分别代表了一年的12个月份;外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气;同时,这28根大柱,也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感叹殿内建筑的同时,也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的,正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版,左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。
和每年的祭天一样,这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天,有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐,身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿,向牌位行大礼,祈祷上苍,然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧,送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。
到这里,祈年殿也差不多讲完了,而它还有一个附属建筑,作用和皇穹宇差不多,也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方,就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来,可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊,共有七十二间,俗称七十二连房,它不仅用来连接神厨神库,而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道,在长廊的东头,就是宰牲亭,就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向,有八块巨大的青石,称为七星石,都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢?原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头,而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代,有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好,不利于国家,所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代,康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据,就派人考察山脉,发现泰山是长白山的余脉,所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石,象征东北长白山,如果按这种说法,那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。
暂且不管他们怎么定论了。今天的观光游览就要结束了,在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。
篇4:北京潭柘寺导游词
各位游客:
潭柘寺位于北京西郊门头沟区东南部的潭柘山麓,距阜成门41公里。潭柘寺坐北朝南,背倚宝珠峰,周围有九座高大的山峰呈马蹄状环护,这九座山峰从东边数起依次为回龙峰、虎距峰、捧日峰、紫翠峰、集云峰、璎珞峰、架月峰、象王峰和莲花峰,九座山峰宛如九条巨龙拱卫着中间的宝珠峰,规模宏大的潭柘寺古刹就建在宝珠峰的南麓。
潭柘寺规模宏大,寺内占地2.5公顷,寺外占地11.2公顷,再加上周围由潭柘寺所管辖的森林和山场,总面积达121公顷以上。殿堂随山势高低而建,错落有致。北京城里的故宫有房9999间半,潭柘寺在鼎盛时期的清代有房999间半,俨然是故宫的缩影,据说明朝初年修建紫禁城时,就是仿照潭柘寺而建成的。
解放初期将部分年久失修的殿堂拆除,并新建了一些房舍,现潭柘寺共有房舍943间,其中古建殿堂638间,建筑保持着明清时期的风貌,是北京郊区最大的一处寺庙古建筑群。潭柘寺不但人文景观丰富,自然景观也十分优美,春夏秋冬各自有景,晨午晚夜情趣各异,早在清代“潭柘十景”就已经名扬京华。
潭柘十景:平原红叶、九龙戏珠、千峰拱翠、万壑堆云、殿阁南薰、御亭流杯、雄峰捧日、层峦架月、锦屏雪浪、飞泉夜雨
潭柘寺位于北京西部门头沟区东南部的潭柘山麓,距市中心30余公里。寺院坐北朝南,背倚宝珠峰。潭柘寺寺内占地2.5公顷,寺外占地11.2公顷,再加上周围由潭柘寺所管辖的森林和山场,总面积达121公顷以上。
潭柘寺始建于西晋永嘉元年(公元320xx年),寺院初名"嘉福寺",清代康熙皇帝赐名为"岫云寺",但因寺后有龙潭,山上有柘树,故民间一直称为"潭柘寺"。
20xx年12月18日,北京门头沟区责令景区撤除违规功德箱。
潭柘寺始建于西晋永嘉元年(公元320xx年),寺院初名“嘉福寺”,到了清代,康熙皇帝赐名为“岫云寺”。由于寺后有龙潭,山上有柘树,故一直称为“潭柘寺”。民间素有“先有潭柘寺,后有北京城”的民谚。潭柘寺距今已有1700多年历史,是北京最古老的古寺。
潭柘寺规模宏大,总面积达121公顷以上。殿堂随山势高低而建,错落有致。北京城的故宫有房9999间半,潭柘寺在鼎盛时期的清代有房999间半,俨然故宫的缩影,据说明朝初期修建紫禁城时,就是仿照潭柘寺而建成的。现潭柘寺共有房舍943间,其中古建殿堂638间,建筑保持着明清时期的风貌,是北京郊区最大的一处寺庙古建筑群。潭柘寺不仅以古迹众多、风景优美吸引着四海宾朋、八方游客,而且近几年还修建了现代化的旅游服务设施,实行交通、住宿、餐饮、游览、娱乐、购物的一条龙服务,使景区成为享誉中外的旅游胜地。1997年,经北京市政府批准,僧团进驻,潭柘寺恢复了宗教活动。
潭柘寺寺院坐北朝南,主要建筑可分为中、东、西三路,中路潭柘寺主体建筑有山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿、斋堂和毗卢阁。东路有方丈院、延清阁、行宫院、万寿宫和太后宫等。西路有愣严坛(已不存)、戒台和观音殿等,庄严肃穆。此外,还有位于山门外山坡上的安乐堂和上、下塔院以及建于后山的少师静室、歇心亭、龙潭、御碑等。塔院中共有71座埋葬和尚的砖塔或石塔。
山门外是一座3楼4柱的木牌坊,牌楼前有古松二株,枝叶相互搭拢,犹如绿色天棚,牌楼前有一对石狮,雄壮威武。过牌坊是单孔石拱桥,名“怀远桥”,过桥就是山门。
天王殿殿中供弥勒像,背面供韦驮像,两侧塑高约3米的四大天王神像。天王殿两旁为钟鼓楼,后面是大雄宝殿。宝殿面阔五间,重檐庑殿顶,黄琉璃瓦绿剪边,上檐额题“清静庄严”,下檐额题“福海珠轮”。
正脊两端各有一巨型碧绿的琉璃鸱吻,是元代遗物,上系以金光闪闪的鎏金长链。殿内正中供奉硕大的佛祖塑像,神态庄严,后有背光,背光上雕饰有大鹏金翅鸟、龙女、狮、象、羊、火焰纹等。佛像左右分立“阿难”、“伽叶”像,均为清代遗物。大雄宝殿后为斋堂院,是和尚们吃饭的地方,堂后有三圣殿,但此二殿均已拆除。只剩两株娑罗树和两株银杏树,树体高大。中轴线终点是一座楼阁式的建筑,名毗卢阁,高二层,木结 构。站在毗卢阁上纵目远眺,寺庙及远山尽收眼底。
寺院东路由庭院式建筑组成,有方丈院、延清阁 潭柘寺白华松(2张)和清代皇帝的行宫院,主要建筑有万寿宫、太后宫等。院中幽静雅致、碧瓦朱栏、流泉淙淙、修竹丛生,颇有些江南园林的意境。院内有流杯亭一座,名猗轩亭。
寺院西路大多是寺院式的殿堂,主要建筑有戒坛、观音殿和龙王殿等等,一层层排列,瑰丽堂皇。戒坛是和尚们受戒之处,台上有释迦牟尼像,像前有三把椅子,两侧各有一长凳,是三师七证的坐处;观音殿是全寺最高处,上有乾隆手书莲界慈航,内供观世音菩萨,敛目合什,隽秀端庄。
潭柘寺始建于西晋愍帝建兴四年(320xx年),是佛教传入北京地区后修建最早的一座寺庙。始创时规模不大,名叫嘉福寺。当时佛教还未能被民间所接受,因而发展缓慢。以后又出现了北魏和北周两次“灭佛”,故而嘉福寺自建成之后,一直未有发展,后来逐渐破败。
唐代武则天万岁通天年间(696-697年),佛教华严宗高僧华严和尚来潭柘寺开山建寺,“持《华严经》以为净业”,潭柘寺就成为了幽州地区第一座确定了宗派的寺院,潭柘寺得到兴盛。
唐代会昌年间,唐武宗李炎崇信道教,在道士赵归真和权臣李德裕的怂恿下,唐武宗下令在全国排毁佛教。潭柘寺也因此而荒废。
五代后唐时期,著名的禅宗高僧从实禅师来到了潭柘寺,铲除荒夷,整修寺院,“师与其徒千人讲法,潭柘宗风大振”,才使潭柘寺走出了“武宗灭佛”的阴影,重又繁盛了起来。当时的潭柘寺也从此由华严宗改为禅宗。
辽代时期由于幽州地区律宗大盛,而禅宗则发展缓慢,潭柘寺的香火衰微。
金代,禅宗在中都(今北京)地区有了很大的发展,潭柘寺先后出现了数位禅宗大师,大大提高了寺院的声誉。金熙宗完颜亶于皇统元年(1141年)到潭柘寺进香礼佛,并拨款对潭柘寺进行了整修和扩建,这是第一位到潭柘寺进香的皇帝,使后代皇帝争相效仿,这对于进一步提高潭柘寺的地位,繁盛寺院香火,都起到了极大的推动作用。金熙宗将当时的寺名龙泉寺改为“大万寿寺”,拨款对潭柘寺进行了大规模的整修和扩建,开创了皇帝为潭柘寺赐名和由朝廷出资整修潭柘寺的先河。
金大定年间,皇太子完颜允恭代表其父金世宗完颜雍到潭柘寺进香礼佛,当时的住持僧重玉禅师为此特写下了《从显宗幸潭柘》一诗,记述了当时的盛况,后于明昌五年(1194年)镌刻成碑,立于寺中,现此碑犹存,镶嵌在金刚延寿塔后边地阶的崖壁上。
在金代,潭柘寺禅学昌盛,其代表人物是临济宗大师广慧通理禅师开性。开性是现今北京怀柔县人,9岁时在潭柘寺出家,拜戒振禅师傅为师,学习禅宗中临济宗佛学。后来云游辽东和齐鲁等地,遍访名山古刹,向各地高僧学习佛法,归来后在马鞍山竹林寺弘扬禅学。大定初年,潭柘寺的善海禅师带领僧众来到竹林寺,恭请开性回潭柘地任住持。开性任住持期间,在朝廷的资助下,对潭柘寺进行了长达20xx年的大规模整修和扩建,使潭柘寺的殿宇堂舍焕然一新。使潭柘寺的禅学从此中兴,开性也成了金中都地区公认的禅宗临济宗的领袖,使潭柘寺成为了临济宗的中心寺院。开性终老于寺中,圆寂后被佛门尊为“广慧通理”禅师。
元代元世祖忽必烈的女儿,妙严公主为了替其父赎罪,而到潭柘寺出家。后终老于寺中,她每日里在观音殿内跪拜诵经,“礼忏观音”,年深日久,竟把殿内的一块铺地方砖磨出了两个深深的脚窝。现今妙严公主“拜砖”依然供奉在潭柘寺的观音殿内,是潭柘极为珍贵的一件历史文物。后妙严大师终老于寺中,其墓塔在寺前的下塔院。
元代末期的元顺帝孛儿只斤·妥欢贴睦尔崇信佛教,特别是对当时名贯京城的潭柘寺极为青眯,元顺帝曾请潭柘寺住持雪涧禅师享用御宴,并且由皇妹亲自下厨,礼遇之高前所未有。
明初重臣姚广孝法号道衍,被明太祖朱元璋挑选高僧,从侍燕王朱棣,建文帝削藩时,朱棣按照姚广孝的谋划,起兵“靖难”,从而夺取了皇位,即为明成祖。朱棣继皇帝位后,封姚广孝为僧录司左善世,庆寿寺钦命住持,后又加封为太子少师,赐名“广孝”,仍参与军政大事。功成名就之后,姚广孝辞官不做,而到京西的潭柘寺隐居修行,每日里与自己的老友,潭柘寺住持无初德始禅师探讨佛理。期间,明成祖朱棣曾到潭柘寺看望过他。据说当年修建北京城时,设计师就是姚广孝,他从潭柘寺的建筑和布局中获得了不少灵感,北京城的许多地方都是依照潭柘寺的样子修建的,太和殿就是仿照潭柘寺的大雄宝殿而建的,同为重檐庑殿顶,井口天花绘金龙和玺,所不同的是更高大了一些而已。后来姚广孝奉旨主持编纂《永乐大典》才离开了潭柘寺,但其在潭柘寺隐居修行时的住所少师静室,至今犹存遗址。
明代从太祖朱元璋起,历代皇帝及后妃大多信佛,由朝廷拨款,或由太监捐资对潭柘寺进行了多次整修和扩建,使潭柘寺确立了今天的格局。
明代的潭柘寺成为当时对外交流的一个窗口,许多外国人久慕潭柘寺的盛名,而纷纷到此来学习佛法,有的甚至终老于此,其中最著名的有日本的无初德始、东印度的底哇答思、西印度的连公大和尚等人。
万历二十三年,达观大师奉神宗皇帝朱翊钧之命,任潭柘寺的钦命住持。在此期间,由万历皇帝的母亲慈圣宣文明肃皇太后出资,在达观大师的主持下,对潭柘寺进行了大规模的整修。达观大师与朝廷密切,经常奉诏进宫为皇室讲经说法,从而进一步加深了潭柘寺与朝廷的联系。
在明代,潭柘寺曾进行了多次大规模的整修和扩建。宣德年间,“孝诚皇后首赐内币之储,肇造殿宇”,对潭柘寺进行了整修和扩建。从正统三年二月到第二年九月,潭柘寺又大兴土木,在皇室的资助下,扩建寺院,广造佛像。在此期间,英宗皇帝“诏考戒坛”,奉英宗皇帝之命,在寺内修建了戒坛,英宗皇帝赐名为“广善戒坛”,越靖王朱瞻墉还在寺内建造了一座高大的金刚延寿塔,正统四年,明英宗“颁大藏经五千卷”给潭柘寺。
弘治十年(1497年),司礼监太监戴义出资作为工食费,并奏请明孝宗拨款,对潭柘寺再次进行了整修和扩建。正德二年(1520xx年)三月到次年九月,潭柘寺又进行了历时一年半的整修,“殿庑堂室焕然一新,又增僧舍五十余楹”,再一次扩大了寺院的规模。万历二十二年(1594年),由孝定皇太后出资,整修潭柘寺,增添殿宇,并建造了方丈院等房舍80余间。
明代的200多年期间内,皇帝几次对寺院赐名,因而寺名几次更改。明宣宗赐名“龙泉寺”,天顺元年,明英宗“敕改仍名嘉福寺”,但民间仍称其为潭柘寺。
清康熙二十五年(1686年),康熙皇帝降旨,命阜成门内广济寺的住持僧,著名的律宗大师,与自己相交多年的震寰和尚为潭柘寺的钦命住持。当年秋天,康熙皇帝驾临潭柘寺进香礼佛,并且留住了数日,赏赐给潭柘寺御书金刚经10卷、药师经10卷、沉香山1座、寿山石观音1尊、寿山石罗汉18尊。
康熙三十一年,康熙皇帝亲拨库银1万两,整修潭柘寺。在震寰和尚的亲自主持下,从康熙三十一年秋到三十三年夏,历时近两年,整修了殿堂共计300余间,使这座古刹又换新颜。
康熙三十六年,康熙皇帝二游潭柘寺,亲赐寺名为“敕建岫云禅寺”,并亲笔题写了寺额,从此潭柘寺就成为了北京地区最大的一座皇家寺院。
康熙三十七年,康熙皇帝为牌楼亲题匾额,并赐给潭柘寺桂花12桶和龙须竹8杠,这就是我们现今在寺中所见到的“金镶玉”和“玉镶金”竹。
康熙三十八年,康熙皇帝命著名的律宗高僧止安律师为潭柘寺的钦命住持,并赐给潭柘寺镀金剑光吻带四条,安装在大雄宝殿的殿顶上,现今这四条金光闪闪的吻带依然完好如初。
清雍正年间一向深居简出的雍正皇帝也专程到潭柘寺进香礼佛。
乾隆七年(1742年),乾隆皇帝第一次游幸潭柘寺,“赐供银二百金、匾额九、楹联二、诗二、章幅子一轴、法琅五供一堂”。在潭柘寺到处都留下了乾隆皇帝的墨宝。乾隆九年,乾隆皇帝把御笔心经和自己手书的诗篇赐给了潭柘寺。
嘉庆皇帝也像其前辈一样,崇信佛教,他也曾到潭柘寺进香礼佛,游玩赏景,现留有其所作的《初游潭柘岫云寺作》五言诗一首。
1920xx年蒋介石来北京时,曾专程到潭柘寺去进香。
1950年,北京市园林局接管了潭柘寺,稍加整修后,作为名胜古迹景区向游人开放,成为北京市首批开放的七个公园景区之一。
1956年,全国人大朱德委员长到潭柘寺视察,指示有关部门,要修建一条从门头沟通往潭柘寺的公路,为前来游览的人们提供交通上的方便。
1957年夏,陈毅副总理到潭柘寺参观视察。
1957年10月28日,经北京市人民政府批准,潭柘寺被列为北京市首批重点文物保护单位,对潭柘寺的文物保护工作起到了很大的作用。
1964年春,全国政协委员、末代皇帝溥仪到寺参观考察。
文革期间,潭柘寺受到了空前的浩劫,文物遭到了毁坏和流失,建筑也受到了损坏,因而于1968年底被迫关闭,停止开放。
1978年,北京市政府拨款,重修潭柘寺。这次重修不仅整修了殿堂,重塑了佛像,而且还修建了旅游服务设施。1980年7月,潭柘寺进行试开放,8月1日正式向游人开放。
1997年初,潭柘寺恢复宗教活动。
20xx年6月,国务院确定潭柘寺为全国重点文物保护单位。
20xx年夏季,潭柘寺举办一系列庆典活动,庆祝建寺1696年周年。经考证潭柘寺创建于西晋永嘉元年(320xx年),这个考证结果得到各界认同。
20xx年9月9日潭柘寺举行了隆重的建寺1720xx年周年庆祝活动。
在很多门头沟的老人口中,潭柘寺的寺名有这样一个传说:当年佛教华严宗高僧华严和尚居住在幽州城北,“持《华严经》以为净业”,“其所诵时,一城皆闻之,如在庭庑之下”。很多信徒踊跃捐助,助其在幽州开山立宗,所以华严祖师就去找当时的幽州都督张仁愿,向其求建寺之地,张仁愿对华严祖师说:“和尚想要多少土地,地址可曾选好?”于是华严祖师带张仁愿来到了潭柘山嘉福寺附近西坡姜家和东沟刘家的土地,张仁愿对华严祖师说这是有主之地,我也不好擅自做主。就把姜姓和刘姓地主一起叫来协商,两地主本不想给,但看在张仁愿的面子上对华严祖师说:“和尚想要多少土地?不可太多,太多的话我们以后就没有饭吃了。”华严祖师知其俱是当地数一数二的大地主,良田无数。便取出盖自己蒲团的毯子对二人道:“不多不多,两位施主可否割这一毯之地与我?”姜姓和刘姓地主一看只有这巴掌大的一块毯子,忙不迭的答应,并且请张仁愿做中人。华严祖师见张仁愿答应了做中人,就把手中布毯往空中一抛,只见布毯在空中越来越大越来越大且迟迟不落地众人目瞪口呆,不一会,布毯已经大到遮天蔽日,两地主面如土色的喊:“够了,够了!请大师慈悲,不要让它再大了!”华严祖师含笑看了二人一眼说:“落”于是毯子就落了下来。直直盖住了好几座大山。张仁愿对两人道:“这一毯之地就让与华严大师,二位可不要反悔。”二人一看真佛在此,哪敢反悔。于是华严祖师就在此地以破败了的嘉福寺为中心,重建寺庙。修筑殿宇,扩建寺院。因寺院后山有两股丰盛的泉水,一眼名为龙泉,一眼名为泓泉,两股泉水在后山的龙潭合流后,流经寺院,向南流去,不仅满足了寺院日常的生活用水,而且还可能灌溉附近大片的土地农田,故华严大师命名此寺为“龙泉寺”。但华严祖师以一毯之地建寺的大神通却广为流传,当地人都私下称此寺为“毯遮寺”后经千年,“毯遮寺”就逐渐演变为“潭柘寺”。
景区
进香古道
潭柘寺历史上游人香客云集,香火很盛。从金代以后,每个朝代都有皇帝到这里来进香礼佛,后妃、王公大臣更是数不胜数,平民百姓则更是难以胜记,特别是从明代之后,潭柘就已经成了京城百姓春游的一个固定厂所。潭柘寺地处深山,交通不便,在历史上曾形成了多条古香道,从不同的方向通往潭柘寺。这些古道有的是皇室或官家出资修建,有的是由与潭柘寺结有善缘的民间香会出自于对佛的虔诚之心,而集资修筑的,还有的是当地的商号与百姓共同修筑的。这些古香道经过了历代不断的整修,使用了几百年乃至上千年,为潭柘寺的对外交往,为善男信女到潭柘寺进香礼佛,发挥了巨大的作用。
芦潭古道
芦潭古道是旧城通往潭柘寺的一条主要道路,原是一条山间土路,路面质量较差。从清代世宗雍正皇帝起,在河北省易县修建皇陵,即清西陵,雍正皇帝即葬于斯。为了拜谒皇陵之需,乾隆年间由朝廷出资,将原有的道路拓宽展平,并将部分路段用条石铺砌,当时称为“京易御道”。芦潭古道是京易御道的支线,当时也得到了整修,拓宽展平,部分路段铺砌了条石或石块。芦潭古道起自于京易御道上的卢沟桥,过长辛店,东王佐、沙窝村、大灰厂,穿过石佛村,到达戒台寺,翻过了罗睺岭,走南村、鲁家滩、南辛房、平原村,到达潭柘寺。清康熙二十五年(1686年),康熙皇帝玄烨在去潭柘寺时,走的就是这条芦潭古道。
这条古道从石景山区的庞村,过永定河后,经卧龙岗、栗园庄、石门营、苛罗坨、越罗睺岭,与芦潭古道会合,到潭柘寺,全长20公里的路线与现今108国道门头沟段基本相吻合。这条古道是京城香客去潭柘寺的主要道路,而且平坦易行,并比芦潭古道近5公里。位于栗园庄的奉福寺是潭柘寺的下院,是远途香客去潭柘寺的中转站,从京城而来的香客,一般都要先在奉福寺休息一夜,第二天再赴往潭柘寺。返回时也要在奉福寺休息一夜,第二天返回京城。清代诗人震均作有一首《丁酉秋游一百四十韵》,详细地记述了这条路线,以及沿途的风光和见闻。这条古香道同时也是潭柘寺的一条主要运输线,奉福寺管理着属于潭柘寺的13座粮庄,并且设有粉坊、磨坊、麦坊等,是潭柘幸的总仓库和粮食、副食、蔬菜的主要供应基地,每天都用骡马向潭柘寺运送生活必需品,所走的就是这条庞潭古道。
现今门头沟永定镇的东、西辛称村,原来合称为“新城”在历史上是永定河上的一处古渡口,也是一座繁华的大集镇。新潭古道从新城开始,经何各庄、太清观、万佛堂,翻过红庙岭,经桑峪到达潭柘寺。这条道路几乎是直线,全长不到20公里,是京城到潭柘寺最近的一条古道。除了部分香客走这条古道去潭柘寺外,新潭古道还用于商业运输。潭柘寺一带盛产煤炭,有许多小煤窑,运输煤炭的骡子、骆驼、毛驴进行在古道上日夜不断。在明代新潭古道得到了整修,部分路段修建了土桥,铺砌了条石或石块。现今从万佛堂至红庙岭的一段古道仍保持着原貌。
修建于唐代的古“玉河大道”是从北京到门头沟的主要道路,从石景山区的麻峪开始,过永定河后,经大峪、东西辛房到圈门,上九龙山,经峰口庵到王平口。其中从麻峪到圈门一段为平原,道路即宽又平坦。于清康熙年间,对道路进行了重修,于清代末期改建为京门公路,解放以后重修了京门公路,并开通了门头沟区的第一条公共汽车线路,从阜城门到门头沟的圈门。门潭古道从圈门向南,翻越南大梁,到达潭柘寺,这条道路只有上山时为几百米长的上坡路,到了山上之后,基本上都是盘山而行的山路平道,绕过两个山头之后就到了潭柘寺,全长只有三四公里。
这是指从潭柘寺通往王平口的一条古道。从潭柘寺开始,经阳坡园、赵家台、十字道到达王平口。王平口是京西重要的交通枢纽,从王平口向西经宅舍台、玉皇庙、东板桥、千军台,翻越大寒岭,过煤窝到军响,进入清水河谷地,向西经斋堂、清水到洪水口,翻越山岭就到了河北省的涿鹿县,远可达山西、内蒙等地,是西北而来的香客去潭柘寺的主要道路,门头沟西部地区的香客去潭柘寺也都走这条古道。在抗日战争时期,斋堂地区是平西抗日根据地的中心,根据地的许多物资都是从这条古道运进山里去的,八路军、武工队、县大队也通过这条古道进入潭柘寺地区,打击敌人,将潭柘寺一带由敌占区变为游击区,并以此为依托,向永定镇一带发展。解放战争时期,中共宛平县委和县大队也是从这条古道进军潭柘寺地区,并于1947年解放了潭柘寺地区。这条古道既是一条西北部地区进香潭柘寺的古香道,同时又是一条具有革命意义的交通要道。
潭柘二宝
宝锅
天王殿前有一口铜锅,直径1.85米、深1.1米,是和尚们炒菜所用。此锅原在东跨院北房西次间,现在那里还有一口更大的锅,直径4米、深2米,一次煮粥能放米10石,需16个小时才能煮熟。由于锅大底厚,文火慢熬,故而熬的粥既粘且香。关于这两口锅,还有“泼砂不漏米”之说,原来,锅底有“容砂器”,随着熬粥时的不断搅动,砂石会沉入锅底的凹陷处。
石鱼
潭柘寺观音殿西侧有龙王殿,殿前廊上有一石鱼,长1.7米、重150公斤,看似铜,实为石,击之可发五音,传说是南海龙宫之宝,龙王送给玉帝。后来人间大旱,玉帝送给潭柘寺消灾。一夜大风雨时,石鱼从天而降,掉在院中。据说石鱼身上13个部位代表13个省,哪省有旱情,敲击该省部位便可降雨。现在寺中的石鱼为后来复制的。
潭柘十景
平原红叶
潭柘山的红叶早在明清时期就已经名冠京城。秋天是潭柘寺最美的季节,古刹所处的平原村,山上长满了柿子、红果、山楂、秋梨等果木树以及黄栌、丹枫。金风过后,这里“霜草萦浅碧,霜梨落半红”,可谓是“漫山红遍,层林尽染”,如火似霞,宛如丹桂涂朱。这就是潭柘十景之一,平原红叶。
九龙戏珠
潭柘山背靠一座浑圆的小山,此山植被繁茂,青翠欲滴,名曰宝珠峰,当地人则称其为蜘蛛峰。在小山的周围,有九座高大的山峰拱卫环护,从东边数起,依次为回龙峰、虎踞峰、捧日峰、紫翠峰、集云峰、璎珞峰、架月峰、象王峰和莲花峰。“一峰当心,九峰环立”,九座高大的山峰围成了一个半圆形的马蹄形,而潭柘寺所在的宝珠峰位于中心,恰似九条巨龙围绕着一颗宝珠,在争抢、玩耍、嬉戏。由于有这九座高大的山峰作为屏障,从而挡住了从西北袭来的寒流和风沙,宝珠峰才能松柏苍翠,花繁草盛。
千峰拱翠
潭柘山值被繁茂,春游潭柘寺最有情趣。站在寺前,环顾四周,但只见群山起伏,层峦叠嶂,满目青绿,赏心悦目。近在眼前的宝珠峰松柏苍翠,蒿草新绿。清代诗人王嗣槐有诗赞曰:"山足岗低夕杳冥,树蓝坐隐九峰青。含桃红点祗园树,修竹苍浮曲水亭。"就连那位遍游全国青山绿水的乾隆皇帝见到了此处的美景,也不禁吟出了:"青山绿如洗,四面作佳邻"的诗句。这就是潭柘十景之三,千峰拱翠。
万壑堆云
夏日天气变化无常,山区尤甚。炎炎烈日西斜,凉风骤起,抬头远望西北天际,但只见乌云翻卷而来,西山爽气朝来歇,倏忽玄阴满四陲。如钱塘潮涌,如天兵布阵,滚过山坡,溢满山谷,风穿林吼,空谷传音,汹涌屡欲崩,与山相吞吐。这时候若登上寺内的毗卢阁,你才会真正体会到"山雨欲来风满楼"的韵味。这就是潭柘十景之四,万壑堆云。
殿阁南薰
登上高大的毗卢阁,只见眼前殿宇嵯峨,整座寺院香烟缭绕,每座殿堂前的铁焚炉、铜香炉内,成炷成把的高香燃尽一层又一层,烟雾升腾,弥漫全寺。透过青烟,钟馨声悠,幡幢微荡。游人至此,仿佛置身于西天佛国的祥云慈雾之中,颇有一种出凡入圣之感。
御亭流杯
流杯亭,位于行宫院内,是当年清代乾隆皇帝为得"曲水流觞"之趣而建。这种建筑仅在中南海、故宫乾隆花园等少数几座皇家御园以及恭王府才可以见到,潭柘寺的"流杯亭"可算是在民间稀有的一座了。这里旁有竹林,伴以古松,环境清幽,是个消暑纳凉的好去处。民国时期的著名旅行家田树藩有诗赞曰:"猗亭畔景殊出,修竹风清送晚秋。隔院钟声传耳底,石间泉水入亭留。"如今的流杯亭是最吸引游人的地方之一。
雄峰捧日
中国的许多旅游胜地都有观日出的景致,但在潭柘寺观日出更令人陶醉。清晨登上观音殿前的月台,举目望去,只见雄伟的捧日峰的身影在晨光白霭中逐渐清晰。须臾,东方渐明,一轮红日冉冉而起,仿佛是捧日峰用合拢的巨手将红红的太阳缓缓地托起,这种雄浑壮丽的景观,你只有在潭柘寺才能一饱眼福。诗人黄叔琳赞曰:"晓钟声度白云层,霞气冥蒙冷翠凝。扶杖独来峰顶望,四山浮黛日初升。"
层峦架月
夜静观景,在潭柘寺,令你神驰心醉。夜幕降临,群山沉寂,只有殿堂内佛像前的香火烛光透过窗门,在星星点点地闪烁。这时候你登上延清阁,遥望天际,只见宛如波涛起伏,高低错落的峰峦映在星光点点的天幕上。一轮明月漂浮在由峰峦组成的波涛之上,秀美的架月峰托着宛如银盆的明月,不愿让她坠落下去。"珠斗横斜碧汉低,夜凉风露正凄凄。冥蒙淡月谁留得?影在苍松翠岭西。"
锦屏雪浪
quot;天然一架锦屏开,不费人间智巧排。"冬季的潭柘山景色别具一格。瑞雪初霁,层峦重岭,茫茫一片,"红装素裹,分外妖娆。"尤其是南面的锦屏山更是秀美,抬头望去,恰如一幅锦绣玉雕的美丽图画。起伏的山峦宛如玉龙盘绕,又像蜡雕银铸。皑皑的白雪好似满山梨花,又像海上银波,若身处此情此景之中,你一定会由内心里呼喊出来,"好一派北国风光!"
飞泉夜雨
夏季夜晚,月影朦胧,可享受仙宇神宫之妙趣。从东侧门走出寺院,顺着寺院墙边的小路漫步北行,闲步山谷,静听着淙淙流水和声声虫鸣,惬意非常。"岩峦幛开豁耳目,岚雾翠低濡衣襟。"这就是明初名臣姚广孝对这种景色的描述,当年他隐居在潭柘寺时,所居住的少师静室就在寺院的东北侧,离这道断崖很近,他经常到此来散步。正因为他亲身领略了这番意境,才会吟出如此美妙的诗句。
篇5:简单的北京龙庆峡导游词
各位游客:
小三峡胜似三峡,山比三峡险。小漓江赛过漓江,水比漓江清。横批:塞外一绝
这是游人曾为龙庆峡拟的一副对联,或许,它道出了这片奇山丽水的底蕴;或许,那更深的体现和感悟,用一副对联是难以穷尽的。但龙庆峡就是龙庆峡,它既有南国山水的柔媚与婉约,又不失北方山水的雄健与阳刚,它是集南北山水之大成,而出落成的一颗塞外璀璨的明珠……. 水作青罗带,山如碧玉簪。
乘船游龙庆峡,仿佛是用手徐徐展开的一轴山水长卷,漓江风韵扑面而来,游人无处不在画境中。那山,群峰屏列,逶迤嵯峨,随形寓意,依貌称名,大自然的天道沧桑、鬼斧神工造化了镇山如来、钟山、凤冠岛、东大寨、月亮湾等30余处景观,附丽了人的感情,山水就有了人的性格和灵性。那水,碧波清流,九曲萦回,绿得氤氲,柔的纤缱,拓山光鸟影于怀,纳长天白云在胸。山回水转,水贯山行,可谓"崖出疑无路,云开别有天"。
龙庆峡的盛夏,气候凉爽,空气清新,气温低于北京城区6度,甚至比承德避暑山庄还低0.8度。而隆冬,结冰期较长,异常寒冷,于是,这里就诞生了冰灯艺术的奇葩,峡谷,一个冰雕玉砌的世界,一个北国冰雪的乐园。
而历史的脚印,山间古刹庙宇,又为这明丽的山水之梦,着了一笔古铜的底色,令其愈显久远幽深。神仙院耸立在群山围合,孤峰独峙之巅,1998年这里再现明代庙宇风采,在云雾缥渺,树木蓊郁当中,层层崇台,依山叠砌,殿宇楼堂,鳞次栉比,翠瓦丹墙,飞金流碧.......一览众山小的玉皇顶,主阁俨然,重檐九脊。清人来此曾记“逼面千峰起,回头万壑低”。
龙庆峡位于北京市延庆县城东北10公里的古城村西北的古城河口,距北京城区85公里。龙庆峡古称"古城九曲",被人们誉为北京的"小漓江",是北京十六景之一。其水源于海坨山东麓,经玉渡山汇入古城水库。
延庆的龙庆峡峰峦峭立,山清水秀,7公里长的峡谷既有南方的秀丽,又有北方的雄奇,开阔与幽深间或,险峻与浅滩并存,神仙院、金刚寺、玉泉阁、神笔峰等奇山异景胜似仙境,到了冬天又成为冰雕和冰灯的世界。每年的冰灯节吸引了众多的八方宾客。
北京龙庆峡被人们誉为北京的“小漓江”。龙庆峡水库高耸的大坝相连着两座山,其宽有四五十米,大坝犹如一把白色的巨锁把龙锁住了。登上大坝俯瞰北面,墨绿色的水面倒影着山峦和白云。东西的两座山,峭壁直立,像刀切似的,足有几十丈高,“龙庆峡”可能由此峡而得名。当你划船而渡,大有“山重水复疑无路”、“柳暗花明又一村”之感。水似飘罗带,曲曲弯弯,山不转水转,仿佛永无尽头,每转一山就是一景。那千姿百态的山和石,有的像出鞘的剑,有的像举起的大锤,有的像昂首的虎,有的像扭着头的象……因此人们根据它们的形状取名为“震山如来”、“鸡冠子山”、“金缸山”等等。
两边的崖岸之上,有镇山如来、石?熊跳岩、九连洞、鸡冠山、金刚山、马蹄潭、将军岩、金刚寺遗址等奇峰怪石,堪称“塞外一绝”。它既有塞外的雄奇,又兼有江南的秀丽,可与桂林的漓江、长江的三峡相媲美。是北京十六景之一。
该景区集南方山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体,峡谷曲折蜿蜒,河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻,森林茂密,裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型,特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层,与漓江山石极相似,只是当您抬头观望山峰时,才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。龙庆峡南面为八达岭长城,西北为松山森林公园,正西是海坨山。
景区内的古城水库始建于1973年,历时8年竣工。库区面积119平方公里,可蓄水850万立方米。这一人工湖的建成,既解决了灌溉用水,也使景区更加绚丽多姿。最为壮观的是矗立于古城河口72米高的双曲拱坝,可谓京郊第一。大坝与仿古建筑“玉都山庄”构成美丽的景观。夏秋两季,游人乘船到峡谷游览,最为惬意。在峡区的几座山顶上,新建了30多座形如向日葵的彩色凉亭龙庆峡景区内有许多名胜佳迹:神仙院、玉皇顶、棋盘石、魔王树、天池、金刚寺以及附近的萧太后宫等。1991年,景区为向现代化旅游区发展,增设了一些游乐项目,如“魔幻世界”、“碰碰车”、“无幕影院”等。从一九八七年开始每到严冬时节,龙庆峡总要举办一年一度的冰灯艺术节。龙庆峡的冰灯,办出了自己的特色。
篇6:导游词北京故宫200字
亲爱的旅客朋友们,你们好!我是这次旅程的导游,我姓张,你们可以叫我张导,今天我们要去的地方是北京故宫。
现在我们在的位置是在故宫的门口,故宫位于北京市中心,也称‘紫禁城’。这里曾居住过二十四个皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫,现为‘故宫博物院’。
现在请大家顺着我的右手往这边走,这里是故宫的宫殿建筑。你们知道吗?故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大的.最完整的古建筑群,总面积达九万多平方米,有殿宇宫室9999间半,被称为‘殿宇之海’。这建筑群气魄宏伟,富丽堂皇,极为壮观,无论是平面布局还是立体效果,都是无与伦比的。现在大家可以在这里休息一下,拍下照片,过个30分钟再走。
好了,大家跟着我继续向前走。故宫由一条中轴贯通南北,这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿.后三宫.御花园都位于这条中轴线上,现在我们所在的位置是故宫的角楼,角楼建造精巧美观。角楼周围环绕着高10米,长3400米的宫墙,墙外有52米宽的护城河。大家仔细地看看。
朋友们,因为时间仓促,这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!
篇7:介绍北京南锣鼓巷的导游词范文
南锣鼓巷地区是北京城内的一片居民区,与皇城只有一街之隔,已有700多年的历史。胡同、四合院、绿树,相对于红墙金瓦的皇家文化,这里的灰墙灰瓦,呈现出另一种独特的民间色彩。南锣鼓巷地区位于东城区的西部。东邻交道口南大街,西靠地安门外大街,北接鼓楼东大街,南是地安门东大街。占地约一平方公里。是元大都的中心区。
南锣鼓巷也是北京最古老的街区之一,也位列规划中的25片旧城保护区之中。但是近几年,却成为许多时尚杂志报道的热点,不少电视剧在这里取景拍摄,许多国外旅行者把其列为在北京的必游景点。其实,明清以来,这里一直是“富人区”,居住过许多达官贵人、社会名流,从明朝将军到清朝王爷,从北洋政府总统到国民党总裁,从文学大师到画坛巨匠,这里的每一条胡同都留下历史的痕迹。
按照中国古代的营国思想,首都的道路在南北与东西方向应该各有九条干道。南北的道路称经,东西的道路称纬,简称九经九纬。今天的交道口南大街、地安门外大街,是大都九经的遗存。鼓楼东大街,地安门东大街。是大都九纬的遗存。南锣鼓巷地区便位于这四条经纬之间。它的南边是皇城,北边是大都路总管府、警巡院、万宁寺与中心阁。大都路总管府相当于明清两朝的顺天府,万宁寺是皇家的寺院,中心阁是大都的中心,是重要的城市标志。它的西部是万宁桥与烟波骀荡的什刹海。西南是通惠河。万宁桥今天还在,是元代的重要建筑遗存。什刹海旧称海子,当时大运河的北端,大都的漕运码头,最繁华的地方。通惠河也还在,只是改为暗河。暗河上面的道路即今天的东不压桥胡同。在元代,南锣鼓巷地区位于大都的中心区域。
这些胡同宽阔、笔直,基本上保持了那一时代胡同的原貌。这些胡同的集合,便是那一时代坊内的布局。根据历史记载,在坊的制度下,坊内不可以进行经营活动。宋以后,坊的制度开始解构,但这是一个漫长过程,不能说,在元代,这个过程,已然彻底结束,最明显的证据是,南锣鼓巷地区的胡同在那时均没有称谓,说明大都的城市单元依然是坊,而不是巷,也就是北京人所说的胡同。至今,这一带的胡同里,基本没有商业设施,只是在两坊之间的南锣鼓巷内设有不多的商店,便是坊制的遗风。
里坊,是中国古代居住区组织的基本单位,也是城市规划建设的基本单位。在先秦称为“里”、“闾”或“闾里”。从北魏开始,出现了“坊”的称呼。唐长安,是当时世界上最大的城市,全城共建108坊。元大都规划设计时仍延续了里坊制,全城分为50坊,坊与坊之间是宽阔平直的街巷,犹如棋盘。
明朝时,将北京划为28坊,两坊合并称“昭回靖恭坊”。清代属镶黄旗。南锣鼓巷曾叫罗锅巷,乾隆20xx年(1750年)绘制的《全城全图》改称为南锣鼓巷。
现在的南锣鼓巷街区北边是鼓楼东大街,南边是地安门东大街,西边是地安门外大街,东边是交道口南大街。由这4条街围合的这块长方形地块,正是元大都的两个坊。
唐朝长安的里坊早已无存,元大都里坊构造在800多年的历史变迁中,也已面目全非,但是,南锣鼓巷地区却还极为完整地保存着元大都里坊的历史遗存。胡同格局那么完整,胡同里各种形制的府邸、宅院多姿多彩。真可谓是北京古都风貌中一块保存完整的“碧玉”。
在北京炎热夏季中一个少有的细雨霏霏的凉爽午后,我又一次来到南锣鼓巷。南锣鼓巷在近几年被时尚人士和国外旅游者关注,是因为从新世纪开始,不经意间,许多酒吧在这条古老的小街上出现。现在这里已经成为继三里屯、什刹海之后,北京又一条酒吧街。
有人说三里屯酒吧街是彩色的,什刹海酒吧街是暗红色的,而南锣鼓巷酒吧街是翠绿色的。这样的评说可能不仅是指自然的色彩,或许还指向其不同的文化内涵吧。这里的每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀,每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事。
秦老胡同35号是晚清时期内务府总管大臣索家的花园,建有假山、亭台、池榭,还有一座模仿江南建筑的船形敞轩。这座花园称绮园,至今还有刻石流传下来。帽儿胡同 11号为清末协办大学士文煜所建。分三路。东路是下房,中路是花园,西路是住宅的主体部分,总共有五进院落。中路的花园,是著名的可园,北京最美丽的私家园林。与绮园不同,可园分前后两园,前园的北面构有一座秀丽的建筑,其东是爬山游廊。后园则槐香满园,极为幽静。
南锣鼓巷地区的历史深厚,也是人文荟萃之地。自明至清,迨至民国,代有人出,而且留下了斑斑可考的遗踪。
在今南锣鼓巷65号,是明清之际著名人物洪承畴的家祠。在明的崇祯时期,洪承畴做过三边总督、蓟辽总督,后来降清,做了招抚南方,经略五省的大学士,帮助清人敉平了江南。据《燕京访古录》:洪承畴府第在后门外方砖厂东口外路东,今已废,唯府门外二铁狮巍然独存,府后门在南锣鼓巷,尚居洪氏子孙。这个府后门即今65号,院内的北房尚好,据说是原物。
篇8:游北京导游词简介范文
各位游客大家好!我是导游小李,欢迎大家来到周口店猿人遗址公园参观。
周口店北京猿人遗址就位于这个公园内。您知道这里的历史吗?1920___年中国古生物学家裴文中在北京市房山区周口店龙骨山发现原始人类牙齿、骨骼和一块完整的头盖骨。于是,考古学家开始在这里发掘,发现了距今约60万年前的一个完整的猿人头盖骨,定名为北京猿人,这里就被称为北京猿人遗址了。
请各位游客随我进入公园,我们首先将参观的是周口店遗址第一地点,又称“猿人洞”。这里原是一个天然的石灰岩溶洞,北京猿人在这里陆续生活了20万年至40万年。北京猿人的遗骨、遗物、遗迹和洞顶塌落的石块和洞外流入的泥沙等,在洞内一层又一层充填起来,形成巨厚的堆积层(共分13层)。可是,在发掘前,该洞穴就已坍塌,成为堆积物上部的大角砾和岩块。您走到这里,有没有感受到远古的气息呢!
接下来,请大家自由参观“周口店第一地点”周围的五、七、八地点,它们是1920___年被发现的。在这里考古学家们出土了第一个北京人头盖骨化石,以及人工制作的工具和用火痕迹。
现在我们来到的是鸽子堂,这个地方的名字是根据鸽子比较喜欢在这里栖息而得来的。鸽子堂曾经是北京人制造石器的场所。他们把一块块石器加工原料,打制成砍砸器,用来砍砸木柴或木棒。他们还把不同的石片,加工成刮削器,用来加工狩猎用的棒棍,或者把脉石英制成尖状器,用来割剥兽皮,挖剔兽肉。
最后我们进入的是北京猿人遗址公园的博物馆。在这里,您可以看到猿人遗址公园的平面图以及北京猿人和各种原始动物的化石。大家看这件展品,您能想到北京猿人它们还会做一些首饰吗?还有,他们还会做“针”呢!不过是骨针哦。看到这些您会不会感叹于原始人的智慧呢?小朋友们在这里还可以参与高科技的互动游戏,你们一定会玩很开心的!下面就请大家自由活动吧!
篇9:北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词_英文导游词_网
Tian’anmen Rostrum
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
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篇10:北京恭王府英文导游词
Prince Gongs residence is located in Qianhai West Street, XichengDistrict, Beijing. It is the largest palace in Qing Dynasty. It was successivelyused as the residence of the corrupt official and Prince Qing. Later, it wasgiven to Prince Gong Yixin, hence the name of Prince Gongs residence, which isstill in use today. Prince Gongs residence has gone through the historicalprocess of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, so there is a sayingthat "a Prince Gongs residence, half of the history of the Qing Dynasty".
&This is the description of Prince Gongs residence in historicalbooks. In terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in thecapital. The ancients paid great attention to Fengshui in building houses andgardens. It is said that there are two dragon veins in Beijing. One is the EarthDragon, which is the dragon vein of the Forbidden City; the other is the waterdragon, which refers to the line between Houhai and Beihai. Prince Gongsresidence is just on the connecting line between Houhai and Beihai, which is thedragon vein. Therefore, Fengshui is very good. The ancients took water as theirwealth. They found water everywhere in Prince Gongs mansion. The water of thelargest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from Yuquan lake, andit only entered but did not flow out. Therefore, it is more in line with thetheory of geomantic omen. Chinas top ten marshals and Guo Moruo and others alllived near Prince Gongs residence and lived a long life. It is said that theplace with the largest number of long-lived people in Beijing is near PrinceGongs residence. This place is really a treasure land of geomantic omen.
Prince Gongs mansion is composed of two parts: Mansion and garden. It isabout 330 meters long from north to South and 180 meters wide from east to west.It covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters ofmansion and 28860 square meters of garden. The mansion is not only spacious, butalso the highest standard of architecture. The obvious signs are the front doorand the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms, fiveback rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. There mustbe no more royal mansions than these. The form of the house and the color of thetiles should not exceed the standard. There are three courtyards in the middle,East and West roads of Prince Gongs mansion, and the back two courtyards ofeach road are the main areas for people to visit.
The mansion building is divided into East, middle and West roads, each ofwhich is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strictcentral axis from south to north.
The main buildings on the middle road are yinan hall and Jiale hall. Theroof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middleroad and the identity of the prince. The front courtyard of East Road is calledduofuxuan. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for morethan 200 years. It is still growing very well. It is extremely rare in thecapital. The main room of the backyard on East Road is called "ledotang", whichwas the living place of Prince Gong Yi Xin. The siheyuan on the west road isrelatively small and exquisite. The main buildings are Baoguang room andxijinzhai. The most exquisite work is xijinzhai, which belongs to thehigh-profile school. There are exquisitely carved sections of Nanmu in the hall,which is in the style of ningshou palace in the Forbidden City (this is one ofthe "twenty crimes" of Hezhens being condemned to death). In the deepest partof the mansion, there is a two-story back cover building, 156 meters long fromeast to west. There are 88 windows on the back wall. There are 108 rooms in thebuilding, commonly known as "99 rooms and a half", which means "when you getthere, you will get rich".
Its called "Langrun garden" or "cuijin garden". Its commonly known asGongwangfu garden. Wandering in the garden is like walking in the mountains andrivers. Echoing the residence, the garden is also divided into East, West andEast. The entrance of the middle road is a white marble arched stone gate withwestern architectural style, centered on the stele of "Fu" written by EmperorKangxi, with dulefeng and bat pool in front and green sky Xiaoyin and bat hallin the back. The layout is memorable. The Grand Theater Hall on the east road isdecorated with fresh and beautiful decoration. The purple flowers of twigs andvines are in full bloom, making people feel like watching the Opera under thevines. At the south end of the theater, the Ming daozhai, the winding pathleading to seclusion, the hanging green Yue, the singing fragrance and thedrunken moon, and the Liubei Pavilion constitute the garden in the garden. Inthe garden, there are towering ancient trees, lots of strange rocks, wateraround the mountains, pavilions, pavilions and corridors. The landscape of thegarden under the moonlight is ever-changing, with a unique cave. Many Chineseand foreign tourists come here, looking for the past of green mountains, clearwaters and winding paths.
Prince Gongs residence, located in Qianhai West Street, was built in 1776& mdash; 1785. It was originally the private residence of He Li, a favoriteMinister of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After he Li was killed in Jiaqing forcorruption, the private residence here was given to King Qing. During the reignof Tongzhi, because Prince Gong Yixin cooperated with Cixi to launch a coup,Empress Dowager Cixi gave the house to him and became Prince Gongsresidence.
The hall of silver Luan is the main building of Prince Gongs residence. Asthe main hall of the palace, it can only be opened when there are importantevents and festivals, which plays a role of etiquette. In the early years of theRepublic of China, due to an accidental fire, the main hall was burned togetherwith the East and west side halls. Now the courtyard of yinan hall isrebuilt.
The architecture in the period of Hetao. There is a plaque on the side ofJiale hall. It is suspected that the plaque was given to Hezhen by EmperorQianlong, but there is no money and seal on the plaque, so there is no reason toconfirm it. However, Hezhen has jialetang poetry anthology, which indicates thatit is the room name of Hezhen. In the period of Prince Gong, Jiale hall wasmainly used as the sacrificial place of the Royal Palace, where the tablets ofancestors and gods were offered, and Shamanism was the main ritual. PrinceGongs mansion covers an area of about 60000 square meters. It is divided intotwo parts: the mansion and the garden. It has more than 30 buildings of varioustypes, with exquisite layout and extraordinary style. Its garden, also known asjincui garden, has a high artistic level in layout and design. The gardenimitates the palace of peaceful longevity in the imperial palace. The park issurrounded by rockeries in the shape of "mountain". In the East, South and West,there are mounds of earth and stone. In the middle of the road, there are cavesand gullies made of Fangshan stone. The top platform becomes the highest pointof the whole garden. From a high position, you can see the whole garden. PrinceGongs mansion was rebuilt on the basis of the officials residence. Among the20 major crimes he convicted in that year, there was the problem of "potentialwaste and overstepping the system" about the decoration of the eaves. Forexample, the 13th section of the article "found that the house of he had a nanmuhall, and its multi box structure and partition doors and windows imitated thesystem of ningshou Palace";. Therefore, the decoration of the eaves of PrinceGongs residence is unique in the culture of Prince Gongs residence
1、 It has the highest specifications and can be compared with the palacebuildings
The decoration of the eaves of the main halls of Prince Gongs mansion isnot only duobaoge and partition, but also xianlou and the sacrificial stove withPilu hat in the temple. And has the indoor rockery pool, the decoration becomesthe indoor small garden, is ingenious.
2、 There are many forms
From the leitu, we can see that there were more than 20 buildings decoratedwith inner eaves in those years, and there were many types, such as taishibi,throne bed, blue gauze cabinet, sacrificial stove, Wanzi Kang, several legscover, floor cover, Kang cover, true and false door, xianlou, shuge, duobaoge,shunshan Kang, front and back eaves Kang, etc.
3、 Flexible demarcation and rich space:
The main halls of Prince Gongs mansion are composed of solemn and solemnopen space, private space, symmetrical space, asymmetric space and flexiblespace. Some are suitable to receive senior guests, some are used for Shamanismsacrificial activities, some are suitable for daily life, and some are used assleep, so different space needs are appropriate.
4、 Exquisite workmanship and superb skills:
It can be seen from the decoration remains of Prince Gongs mansion thathardwood is used. The processed wood can be made into small sections, and thecarving patterns are undulating accurately. Moreover, various kinds of wagonscan be made by using circles or curves. Only on the basis of fine processing canit be completed. The construction difficulty is amazing. Unfortunately, most ofthe original eaves decoration of Prince Gongs mansion has disappeared. Today,through the study of the culture of Prince Gongs mansion, we should furtherexcavate it, combine with the future exhibition requirements of the Museum ofPrince Gongs mansion, and reproduce the glory of that year.
In 1776, the 41st year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin began to buildhis luxurious house, which was called "he di";. It is said that during the reignof emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty, Li Guang, the great eunuch, was onceplaced here. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing,Emperor Hongli returned to heaven. On the next day, Jiaqing stripped theMinister of military aircraft and the governor of Jiumen from his home. It isestimated that his total wealth is about 800 million taels of silver, which isequivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for 15 years. Therefore,there is a saying that "when he falls, Jiaqing is satisfied.". On February 22,1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was ordered to commitsuicide;. The house itself, however, is owned by Prince Qingyu, his youngerbrother.
At the same time, Qianlongs daughter and Princess Xiao, who were marriedto the son of Hetao, still lived in half the house. In 1851, the first year ofXianfeng, Prince Gong Yi, an important political figure in the late QingDynasty, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name toPrince Gongs house, which is still in use today. &"A Prince Gongs mansion,half of the history of Qing Dynasty" is the evaluation of Prince Gongs Mansionby Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer. In the early years of the Republic ofChina, the palace was sold to the church by Prince Gongs grandson Pu Wei for400000 yuan. Later, it was redeemed by Furen university with 108 gold bars andused as a school for girls. After the founding of new China, Wangfu has beenused by dormitories of the Ministry of public security, fan factories,conservatory of music and other units.
Prince Gongs mansion is the most complete preserved building complex inChina, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with themansion in the front and the garden in the back. The opening of Prince Gongsresidence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. In 1975, Premier Zhouentrusted Gu Mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of whichwas the opening of Prince Gongs residence.
Prince Gongs residence was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of theQing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Heshi, a bachelor.
In the early years of Tongzhi, Yixin, the third generation of the hosthere, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. He was verypowerful and distinguished for a time. He built the mansion and renovated thepart of the mansion. It was at that time that the architectural scale andpattern of Prince Gongs mansion was finally formed.
The first half of Prince Gongs mansion is a magnificent mansion, and thesecond half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly60000 square meters. The mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant,with bright corridors and ridges. It is second only to the imperial palace. Thecuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains,with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.
According to the existing literature, in this Fengshui treasure land on theWest Bank of Qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was alarge-scale temple in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was full of incense andfull of visitors. Even the emperor came here to worship the Buddha. It was onlyin the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned andreduced to a supply factory of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty came toBeijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinarybanners such as the house of internal affairs.
Around the 40th year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin, who was red andpurple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this Fengshui treasure land,which is surrounded by water, connected to the western mountains, and not farfrom the emperors home. He bought many properties here at a high price andbuilt them into famous "and" Di ";.
Prince Gongs residence is known as "half of the history of Qing Dynasty",which is closely related to the three generations of owners living here. As weall know, the first generation of government leader he Lu was a Zaifu and abachelor in the late Qianlong period. He was also a famous corrupt official inhistory. He attracted peoples attention in the history of the Qing Dynasty, andthere were so many legends about him. In particular, his son, Fengshen Yin De,later married the youngest daughter of Emperor Qianlong, Gu Lun, and PrincessXiao, which made the mansion a real princess house for a while;
In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he Zhen died for his crime, so the emperorof Jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother Yongzhen, the king of Qingjun.Yongli is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. As earlyas when he Lin was in power, all the princes of Qianlong agreed that no matterwho became emperor in the future, he would be killed. But the 17th PrinceYonglin said: "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, Iwill be satisfied if he Lins mansion is awarded to me!";
When it comes to Yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. But whenit comes to his grandson, Yizhe, the prince of Qing who signed the "Treaty ofsorrow and Disgrace" with Li Hongzhang and the Allied forces of the eightcountries, Im afraid everyone knows about him. Yi Zhe is also a famous corruptofficial in modern Chinese history, but compared with the cowardly andincompetent Bailey in the late Qing Dynasty, he is still a man who dares to beresponsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. Therefore, since the TongzhiDynasty, Yi zhe has been favored by Empress Dowager Cixi. Before Xianfengchanged his residence to Prince Gong, he lived here as a general of theauxiliary country.
As for Prince Gong Yixin, he was one of the most important politicalfigures in modern Chinese history. He participated in the second Opium War andalmost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). During the"Xinyou coup", he helped Cixi to the throne of "hanging curtain to listen topolitics"; It is no exaggeration to say that without Yi Xin, the whole modernChinese history, and even the later Chinese history, would have beenrewritten.
If all things in the world are spiritual, then this beautiful buildingsurrounded by "panlongshui" is destined to be a miserable garden full of sadtemperament and ill fated from the day it was born.
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), after he was executed, EmperorJiaqing gave the west half of the mansion to his seventeen younger brotherYongyu, who only wanted to live in hes house but not in the emperors seat. Thereason why they only gave him half of them was that the Emperor Qianlongs tenprincesses and their son-in-law, Fengshen Yinde, lived there at that time.
Princess Hexiao is the most legendary princess in the whole history of QingDynasty. Her biological mother is Wangs favorite concubine in the late years ofEmperor Qianlong. In the first month of Qianlongs 40th year, when the youngestdaughter came to the world, whose temperament and appearance all resembled herfathers, the emperor was already 65 years old. Although the ten princesses werewomen, they were born with divine power. They could open ten strong bows andoften rode with their father in hunting. As a result, Qianlong loved her morethan all his children. He sighed more than once: "if you are an elder brother,the throne will belong to you in the future!" indeed, the ten princesses werenot only excellent in martial arts, but also had an extraordinary mind. When hewas happy, his son-in-law relied on his father-in-law and behaved delicatelyEven though, the princess once sternly reprimanded him: "you, Amar, have beengracious to my father. You dont want to repay him, but you only know how totake bribes. Im worried about you. On the day when my wealth is not guaranteed,even I will be affected by you“
Although the ten Princesses words were unfortunately right, EmperorJiaqing still remembered his brother and sisters love and did not deprive himof the title of his younger sister husband. The princess and his wife stilllived in their original home. Therefore, the house was divided into two parts:QingWangs house in the West and princesss house in the East. It was not untilSeptember 1823, when the tenth Princess died, that the whole house came underthe name of QingWang. At that time, Yongyu had been dead for more than threeyears;
After 1911, according to the regulations of the government of the Republicof China on preferential treatment of Qing Dynasty, the palace became theprivate property of the owner. Later, because of the political turmoil and thedifficulties of livelihood, the posterity kings and grandchildren came intobeing one after another
篇11:导游词北京故宫200字
大家好,欢迎大家来到故宫,很高兴能为大家服务,我是本次大家旅程的李导游,今天有我陪同大家共度这段美好的时光。
故宫建于1420xx年,1420xx年基本竣工,是明朝皇帝朱棣时建,现在请大家跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看。这里是明朝皇帝召见白宫发号施令举行庆典的地方,全殿面阔间,进深五间,外有廊柱,殿内外立着72根大柱,殿高35米,殿内净高达14米,宽63米,为全宫最大的木构大殿。
我们再来到中和殿,位于紫禁城太和殿之间。是皇帝去太和殿大典之前休息,幷接受执事官员朝拜的地方。
又玩了中和殿,我再带大家去参观保和殿,这座保和殿是清代的国宴厅及考举科场。大家都知道,乾隆身边有一位大臣叫刘墉,他就是在这保和殿考上状元的。
故宫的游览就到这里,对我今天的讲解还满意吗?欢迎您提出意见和建议,我深表感谢,最后我祝大家玩的开心。谢谢。
篇12:北京潭柘寺导游词
潭柘寺始建于西晋愍帝建兴四年(320_年),是佛教传入北京地区后修建最早的一座寺庙。始创时规模不大,名叫嘉福寺。当时佛教还未能被民间所接受,因而发展缓慢。以后又出现了北魏和北周两次“灭佛”,故而嘉福寺自建成之后,一直未有发展,后来逐渐破败。
唐代武则天万岁通天年间(696-697年),佛教华严宗高僧华严和尚来潭柘寺开山建寺,持《华严经》以为净业,潭柘寺就成为了幽州地区第一座确定了宗派的寺院,潭柘寺得到兴盛。
唐代会昌年间,唐武宗李炎崇信道教,在道士赵归真和权臣李德裕的怂恿下,唐武宗下令在全国排毁佛教。潭柘寺也因此而荒废。
五代后唐时期,著名的禅宗高僧从实禅师来到了潭柘寺,铲除荒夷,整修寺院,“师与其徒千人讲法,潭柘宗风大振”,才使潭柘寺走出了“武宗灭佛”的阴影,重又繁盛了起来。当时的潭柘寺也从此由华严宗改为禅宗。
辽代时期由于幽州地区律宗大盛,而禅宗则发展缓慢,潭柘寺的香火衰微。
篇13:北京天坛的导游词
亲爱的游客们,你们好吗?我是你们的导游,你们可以叫我刘导,我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。
明朝永乐皇帝在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛,主建筑是大祀殿,也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙,北面是圆形,南面是方形,取意天圆地方。
现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进,将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙,使外方内圆,符合天圆地方的说法。需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方,就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮,而且现在这里也是一样的,各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果,也像当年的皇帝一样,向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了,天坛有非常多的柏树,不错,它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中,有一株500余岁的桧柏,就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特,布满了沟壑,而且旋转扭曲,好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏,所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。请大家不要攀爬树木,注意自己的言行,这是一个神圣的地方,我们要保持宁静的心态,
解放以后天坛不仅成了着名的旅游景点,而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分,来这里的不光是旅游者,还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。
今天的游览结束了,希望这次游览能让大家记住、在大家的心里留下深刻的回忆。
希望大家下次再来哦。
篇14:简单的北京龙庆峡导游词
龙庆峡古称“古城九曲”,其水源于海坨山东麓,经玉都山汇入古城水库。该景区集南方 山水的妩媚秀丽和北方山水的雄浑壮观于一体,峡谷曲折蜿蜒,河水幽长碧绿。两岸山崖险峻,森林茂密,裸露的石灰岩形成奇特造型,特别是长年被水浸蚀所形成的溶洞和洞中的石笋、石柱、石断层,与漓江山石极相似,只是当您抬头观望山峰时,才可感到北方峰崖的雄伟峻峭。
乘船游龙庆峡,山,群峰屏列,逶迤嵯峨,随形寓意,依貌称名,大自然的天道沧桑、鬼斧神工造化了镇山如来、钟山、凤冠岛、东大寨、月亮湾等30余处景观,附丽了人的感情,山水就有了人的性格和灵性。那水,碧波清流,九曲萦回,绿得氤氲,柔的纤缱,拓山光鸟影于怀,纳长天白云在胸。山回水转,水贯山行
龙庆峡的盛夏,气候凉爽,空气清新,气温低于北京城区6度,比承德避暑山庄还低0.8度。而隆冬,结冰期较长,异常寒冷,于是,这里就诞生了冰灯艺术的奇葩,峡谷,一个冰雕玉砌的世界,一个北国冰雪的乐园。
历史的脚印,山间古刹庙宇,又为这明丽的山水之梦,着了一笔古铜的底色,令其愈显久远幽深。神仙院耸立在群山围合,孤峰独峙之巅,1998年这里再现明代庙宇风采,在云雾缥渺,树木蓊郁当中,层层崇台,依山叠砌,殿宇楼堂,鳞次栉比,翠瓦丹墙,飞金流碧.......一览众山小的玉皇顶,主阁俨然,重檐九脊。清人来此曾记“逼面千峰起,回头万壑低”。凭栏俯临,峡谷曲流,形势险胜,投目纵览,峰涛如注,妫川生烟,大有我欲乘风归去,飘飘欲仙之感。峡谷深处的金刚寺,掩于南、北金刚山之间,森深壑幽,环境清丽,寺院飞檐凌空,雕甍碧瓦,栋宇巍峨,丹楹刻桷,深山藏古寺,空谷传钟声......
龙庆峡构建了与山水主旋律相协调的游娱设施,峡谷口,一条258米长的巨龙,头下尾上地悬挂于千仞峭壁,金鳞闪烁,须爪飞扬,这就是堪称亚州第一的龙形电梯,游人乘入其间不知不觉之中,即达船台。而凌空飞越的速滑溜索、惊险刺激的高崖蹦极,欲试心颤,欲罢不能。 乘坐缆车,我欲因之梦神仙,瞬间即到玉皇顶;穿越300米长的百花仙洞,就穿越了神州大地的南疆北国,四季风光;中国登山协会还筹建并命名龙庆峡为中国登山协会龙庆峡攀岩、攀冰训练基地,于此成功地举办了“龙庆峡杯”全国第七届攀岩锦标赛,让更多的中华健儿在此挑战生命极限;最后,乘上横跨谷口的福斯特比翼滑道,如同乘上美丽的彩虹,于风、于幻、于有惊无险之中,从龙庆峡谷的仙境回到现实。
龙庆峡有一流的服务设施,可住宿,可餐饮,可会议,可娱乐,设施完备,服务优质。
篇15:最新的北京世界公园导游词范文
世界公园是北京市最著名的主题公园之一,这里汇集了各国著名建筑的微缩版,旺季时每天还会上演充满异国风情的歌舞表演、动物表演等,游人可以感受一天游玩全球的新奇之感,拍摄合影、带小朋友学习支持也都非常不错。
世界公园长宽大约都有700米左右,正门位于东侧的丰葆路旁,进入园区内步行游览即可,一般游玩时间约为3小时左右。
从正门进入世界公园后,可以先沿着右侧的路逆时针游玩,右侧的北部区域是以表演和娱乐项目为主。首先会来到泰国大象、鳄鱼表演场,在这里可以看到大象跳舞、人与鳄鱼互动、孔雀开屏等精彩表演,表演每天共有4场,分别是9:30、11:10、14:00和16:00,每场表演持续半个小时。观看表演不需要另外付费,不过表演结束后若想要与动物合影则需另付20元左右。
观看完表演后来到露天的艺术剧场,这里有各国风情的歌舞表演,每天两场,分别为11:00和14:30,有欧洲风情、波斯风情、澳洲土著风情等特色的舞蹈演出,每场也表演半小时左右,可以留意时间前来观看。不过这两项表演仅在每年的4月底到10月底左右才有,其他时间可能停止,具体请在游玩前电话咨询景区。每年的4月底到10月底,每周三到周日的上午10:30左右,在景区内还会有花车大巡游表演,表演也是从艺术剧场附近出发,演员们身着各国装扮,巡游演出,十分精彩,也可以留意前来观看。这两项表演的费用均包含在门票内,不需另外付费。
经过艺术剧场后,前方便是动感地带区域,这里以游乐项目为主。有峡谷漂流、简易过山车、碰碰车、高空脚踏车等多种项目,适合带小朋友前来游玩。不过这里的项目均是个人经营,需要另外付费约每项10-20元左右。
走过表演区和动感地带区域后便来到了景区的南部区域,这里是世界公园的微缩景观区。区域内按照大洲分段,修筑了国际上著名的100多座建筑的微缩版。著名的美国白宫、埃菲尔铁塔、埃及狮身人面像等都可以在此看到。建筑虽为微缩,但一般的小建筑也有5-6米高,高的则高达几十米,规模不小。而且建筑之间还有湖水和树木,景色非常优美。在这里漫游游览,便有环游世界的感觉。很多人会选择在这里拍摄结婚照,家长们也会带小朋友来认识各国的建筑,十分值得前来。
篇16:北京颐和园导游词400字范文
各位游客朋友们,大家好!我是你们的导游,我姓赵,叫赵缘,大家可以叫我小赵。
今天我们游览的景点是颐和园。颐和园是清代皇家园林,始建于1750年,曾两次遭到英法联军和八国联军的抢掠和破坏,但在新中国成立后得到了很好的修缮和保护。“颐和”是颐养天年、身体健康的意思。当年,慈禧太后选用“颐和”这个园名,是盼望能够养好自己的身体。
各位游客,颐和园最有名的就是长廊。看,绿色的柱子,红色的栏杆,一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长,分成了273间,每一间的横槛上都画着美丽的图。但在上千幅图画中,没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊旁的风景优美,栽满了花木,一种花没谢,另一种花就开了。
我们现在已经来到了万寿山脚下。好,现在抬头,大家看到那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑了吗?那就是佛香阁。下面那一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿,就是排云殿。
各位游客,我们现在正在万寿山上。向下望,颐和园的大半景色尽收眼底。郁郁葱葱的树丛,掩映着黄的、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红色的宫墙。正前面,是昆明湖。湖上的游船、画舫在湖面上滑过。向东眺望,隐隐约约地可以望见几座古城和城里的白塔。
从万寿山下来,就是昆明湖了。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸,堤上有好几座式样不同的石桥,两岸栽着许许多多的垂柳,风光美丽极了!湖中心有个小岛,远远望去,岛上一片葱绿。我们可以从石桥上走过,去小岛游玩。
好了,现在我们已经来到石桥上了。这座桥有十七个桥洞,叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱,柱子上雕刻着小狮子。这么多狮子,没有两只是一样的。
各位游客,今天的旅途到此结束,相信这次旅行一定能为你们留下美好的回忆。
篇17:北京故宫简介导游词
各位同学大家好,我是今天的小导游,我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的故宫名胜景区,希望通过我的讲解,能够使您对北京故宫留下美好的印象,好,现在我们就开始今天的游览吧。
故宫过去叫紫禁城,它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(1420xx年)永乐十八年建成,占地面积72万多平方米,距今已有620xx年的历史。整个建筑群气势宏伟豪华,布局开阔对称,内外装饰壮丽辉煌,是我国古代建筑艺术的精华。1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。
那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢?这里面有很深的文化内涵。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿,称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自己为天子,就是天帝的儿子,他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”,这是其一,其二呢,皇帝居住的宫院,对寻常老百姓来说,是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来,所以就叫“紫禁城”。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统,共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过,统治中国达491年。
相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半,实际上是8700多间,是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。在这些宫殿还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要知道,这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中
精心挑选出来的,在那些文物的背后,在眼前这些殿宇之中曾经发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事,足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话,您今天走进了这明清两代的皇宫,就是走进了中华文明的宝库。
这些年来,故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外,又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆,并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。
好了,我今天的讲解至此为此,谢谢大家的耐心倾听!
篇18:北京恭王府英文导游词
清代皇室为了显示他们的特殊地位和便于管理,清代王府一般都设在内城。
“铁帽王府”。清初对入关有功的8家王爵,封为世袭罔替,俗称“铁帽王”,他们的王府就叫铁帽王府,共有8处,5处在西城,三处在东城。
以后又封了几个铁帽王,共12个世袭罔替王爵。
北京有两个恭亲王,一个是顺治皇帝的第五子常宁,府址在今东四十条。
另一个是道光皇帝的第六子奕*,1852年将原庆王府转赐奕*,此处原是和珅宅,位于前海西街17号,这个恭王府是保护得最好的一个王府。
恭王府位于前海西街17号,是清代规模最大的一座王府,据说恭王府总面积为一百多亩。相当于中山公园,这是至今保存最好的一座王府,曾是和珅的宅邸。
1996年10月起开放的只是恭王府的后花园,占地9亩,但其规模已经是非常可观的。
恭王府分中东西三路,分别由多过四合院组成,后为长160米的二层后罩楼。
恭王府假山,此假山是用糯米浆砌筑成的,非常坚固,山上置两口缸,缸底有管子通到假山上,通过往缸中灌水的办法来增加院中的湿度,过去整个假山上都长满了青苔。
假山正中有一康熙皇帝为其母祝寿写的“福”字碑,这是恭王府的“三绝”之一,碑石长7.9米,贯穿整修假山。
垂花门,因门上有两个倒垂的花卉而得名,门前的两棵龙瓜槐在和珅居住时就有,这种树比较珍贵。
垂花门内的牡丹院,院中有紫藤萝架。 院子正中造形呈蝙蝠形状的小湖。
在清代的北京,往住宅中引入活水,是要经皇帝特批的,恭亲王府是少有的几个享此殊荣的王府之一。
西式门,据说在当时在北京只有3个。这也是恭王府的三绝之一,另一绝是戏楼和福字碑。
花院门内的假山石,起到影壁的作用,名称为“独乐峰”。
篇19:简单的北京清华大学导游词
各位游客:
清华大学是一所历史悠久的著名学校,是清政府于民国前一年(1920xx年)用美国退还的庚子赔款在北京所建立。最初称为“留美预备学堂”,是第一所用于被政府派送到美国学习的中国青年而建立的预备学校。毕业生直接进入美国大学三年级留学。1920xx年,始创四年制本科教育。
清华大学现致力于建设多学科的综合大学。至20xx年4 月,清华大学有理学院、建筑学院、土木水利学院、机械工程学院、信息科学技术学院、人文社会科学学院、经济管理学院、法学院、美术学院、公共管理学院、应用技术学院、医学院、新闻与传播学院、航天航空学院等13个学院和53个系,41个研究院(所),35个研究中心和175个实验室,其中包括11个中国国家重点实验室和14个中国教育部重点实验室。
清华大学现有教职工7800余人,其中诺贝尔奖获得者一名、中国科学院院士34名、中国工程院院士26名,正高级专业技术职务1200余人。全国重点学科49个;本科专业58个,第二学士学位专业1个,硕士学位授权点159个,博士学位授权点123个,博士后科研流动站27个。在校全日制学生27000余名,其中本科生13000余名,硕士生8000余名,博士生4000余名。有来自46个国家和地区的在校留学生及进修生1300余名,远程教育学员9000余名。
从1980年代中期开始,很多(据统计约为毕业生的20%)清华毕业生都前往美国留学深造。在美国大学校园、公司、企业及政府部门里,不难找到他们。因此近年也开始有对此的批评,认为清华的毕业生应该更多地选择留在中国而不是美国。
对高中毕业生来说,清华是中国大陆竞争最激烈学校之一(另一所学校为北大),每年只有中国各省市最优秀的高中毕业生才有机会被清华录取。清华的校园文化具有悠久的历史,个性鲜明,丰富多彩,在众多大学中独树一帜。因其美国渊源,校园文化传统亦受到美国大学校园文化的深重影响。
篇20:北京导游词英语加翻译
Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. Im veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.
The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.
The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.
Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949,the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At thecost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people ofthousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then,the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands ofyears of wind, frost, rain and snow.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.
After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed fromthe Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei,Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces andautonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along theGreat Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and ninetowns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north ofBeijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall wesee now.
The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.
Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "JuyongWai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance ofGuancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now lets look at the wall of the GreatWall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow atthe top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.
Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.
From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuangsconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongestsection of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters andadministrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lushwith extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spotsin Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places ofinterest, such as Yang LIULANGs Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiyings dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also JuyongGuanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345.Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the couponsunder the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In theearly Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Taian temple wasbuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now thereare only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cuttingscriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which areimportant objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.
Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". Its about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnus husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.
In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldnt eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didntcover her body. She kept shouting "Im cold, Im hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone toarrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang wasfascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong".Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and hadan idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before shecould become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of hishusband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; andthe third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fanQiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, thefirst emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful MengJiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to thetomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her longcherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up andthrew herself into the sea.
At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Lets ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!
大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观,我很高兴,希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。
长城是我们古代一项极为雄伟的防御性建筑,它东起山海关,西至嘉峪关,横贯我国北部。婉蜒一万两千多里,故以“万里长城”闻名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。被专家学者们称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。
中国最早修建长城是在公元前7世纪的春秋时期,最早修筑长城的国家是楚国。楚国长城在历史文献记载上称作“方城”,长度近千里。齐国也是诸侯国中修筑长城较早的国家,齐长城西起山东平阴,东入大海。是春秋时期长城中遗址保存最多的。
秦始皇于公元前220__年统一中国后,先修缮了秦、赵、燕三国北部的部分旧长城。并开始以“修万里城,筑万里人”的代价修建西起临洮、东到辽东,长达7000多千米的长城。从此万里长城巍然屹立于世界的东方,经历千百年的风霜雨雪。
西汉初期,为了抵御侵略和保护新开发的“丝绸之路”。修筑了西起新疆罗布泊,东到辽东,长达一万多千米的长城。这也是我国历史上最长的一条长城。
明朝建立后,面对蒙古和女真的威胁。从朱元璋开始就派大将徐达北上修筑长城。直到明朝灭亡,先后大修十八次,历时260余年。直到弘治20__年,才完成了东起鸭绿江边,西到嘉峪关。途经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多里的长城。并把长城沿线划分为九个防御区域,称为“九边九镇”。而且还在许多重要关隘地区,特别是北京城的北面,修筑了多重城墙。这些就是我们现在所看到的八达岭长城了。
秦、汉、明三朝在历史上修筑长城的规模,相比其他朝代来讲是最大的。所以说在历史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、汉朝、明朝。
现在,我就来介绍一下八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京西北部的延庆县,是北京地区长城中保存最完好,工程质量最佳,结构最严谨的一段。这段长城以瓮城为中心,南至七楼,北到十二楼,全长4770米。它是北京地区通向塞外的唯一通道,是居庸关的前沿阵地。由此地东可到永宁、四海,西可到宣化、大同,南可抵京城,北可通延庆,四通八达,所以叫做八达岭。八达岭关城建于1520__年,城高7.5米,厚4米。东西两门各有一块牌匾,东为“居庸外镇”,西为“北门锁钥”。关城入口处有一尊长2.85米,口径10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大将军”。现在请大家看八达岭这段长城的城墙。这段城墙上窄下宽,上窄约5.8米,下宽约6.5米。分别由四种基本构造构成。一、城墙,二、城台,三、关隘,四、烽火台。墙内有券门,中间有石梯相连。顶部可容5匹马并行。烽火台又称烽堠、烽燧、狼烟台。它独立于城墙之外,几乎每隔一里就有一座,组成了万里长城的防御报警系统。
每当有敌兵进犯的时候,烽火台就燃烽火,传递军情。白天燃烟称烽。夜晚举火称燧。又因为经常用狼粪做燃料,烟飘的高又不易消散,所以也叫做“狼烟”。而且,在明朝规定。来犯敌兵百余人点一烟放一炮,五百人左右两烟两炮,千余人以上三烟三炮,五千人以上四烟四炮,如果事万人以上,五烟五炮。
从八达岭一直向南,就是著名的雄关——居庸关了。居庸关是万里长城最有名的关隘之一,为古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修长城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是说把囚犯、和受过宫刑的人,抓到这里来让他们修长城。并且居住了下来。居庸关在汉朝时叫居庸塞,隋朝叫军都关。到了明朝重新修筑后,成了明长城中最坚固的一段。这里既有军事指挥部、又有行政管理机构。古时的居庸关同样林木葱郁,景致非凡,著名的燕京八景之一“居庸叠翠”指的就是这里了。除此之外还有许多名胜古迹,象杨六郎的栓马桩、穆桂英的点将台、游龙戏凤的白凤冢等七十二处名胜。不但如此,而且居庸关中还有一座始建于1345年的汉白玉高台,人称云台。因台上曾建有3座藏式佛塔,台下为券门,故原称“过街塔”。明初佛塔被毁,后又建泰安寺。清朝前期,寺又被毁,现仅有柱础和望柱。内壁还留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6种文字篆刻的经文,是研究我国古代文字的重要实物。
说了这么多了,下面我给大家讲一个故事来放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭长城”。说的是秦始皇修筑长城的事。当时为了加快工程速度,又开始在全国各地抽调民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久,也被抽调去充当修长城的民夫了。
转眼三年过去了,范杞梁杳无音信,急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然,有一天夜里。孟姜女做梦,梦到他的丈夫饥寒交迫,衣不遮体,还不停的喊“我冷啊,我饿呀!”孟姜女惊醒后决定去找丈夫,并给他带上了干粮和御寒的衣服。一路沿着长城寻找他的丈夫。她四处打听,走到山海关才知道,为修长城死了很多人,丈夫范杞梁也被累死了,并埋在长城下,尸骨都找不到。这一消息如同晴天霹雳,孟姜女顿时就伤心地痛哭起来,哭得惊天动地,长城一段段的倒塌,足有八百里长。这下可急坏了工程总管,急忙去报告正来此巡查工程进展的秦始皇。秦始皇赶忙派人把孟姜女抓来寻问根由。当见到之后,秦始皇却被她的美貌迷住了,非要封她为"正宫娘娘"。孟姜女虽然怒火满腔,但还是压住心头仇恨,灵机一动,将计就计地非要秦始皇答应她三个条件,之后才能当"正宫娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸体;二要为其丈夫举行国葬;三要秦始皇为范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇听罢孟姜女提的三个条件,思索片刻,为了得到貌美如花的孟姜女,便硬着头皮答应下来,孟姜女戴着孝拜了为筑城而死的范札梁坟墓后,宿愿已偿,面对滚滚的渤海,纵身一跃,投海自尽了。
故事讲完了,大家觉得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱们先不管他怎么样。开始登长城做好汉吧!!