著名旅游景点导游词（优秀20篇）

南山公园位于烟台市南部，坐落于海拔百余米的山腰，有着得天独厚的地理条件，仰望南山，层峦叠嶂，俯瞰北海，水天一色，自然景色迷人。早在1934年就因此处规模盛大的梨花盛会而得“烟台市第一游览公园”之美名。

南山公园占地20xx余亩，有公园区、花卉区、动物园、森林区和儿童游乐场五个主要分区，是烟台市主要的旅游、休闲景点，每年接待中外游客50多万。

公园区主要有人工湖、栖云阁、憩园等景点。节假日，约上亲朋好友三五人，到人工湖上泛舟，已成为深受市民喜爱的休闲方式。登上栖云阁，凭栏远眺，观山色、眺海景，大有“碧海青山来眼底都是秀色，诗情画意涌胸中尽成佳吟”之感，令人心旷神怡，流连忘返。

花卉区有盆景园、玫瑰园、牡丹园等几个区，四季鲜花不断，繁花似锦。公园与美国圣迭哥市友好合作而建的玫瑰园，内有各种珍奇的异国玫瑰，花开时节，姹紫嫣红、争奇斗艳。

动物园内有80多种动物，有国家一级保护动物30多种，国家二级保护动物40多种。目前公园已成功进行了多种动物的繁殖，包括东北虎、狮、熊、河马、孔雀、骆驼、狼、梅花鹿、马等。

森林区有植物近3万株，各类草坪9000平方米，有着绚丽多姿的森林景观和丰富的野生植物资源，为开展青少年科普教育活动提供了良好的条件。

儿童游乐场是孩子们欢乐的海洋，各种或有趣、或刺激、或益智的游戏，吸引着孩子们也吸引着童心未泯的大人们投入其中，寻找健康与快乐。

南山公园一年四季都会给你提供投入自然、放松身心的良好场所。春天，你可以到牡丹园、玫瑰园来赏花，可以登上栖云阁观山色远眺，看雪后银装素裹的山峦，看波涛汹涌的大海，可以带上孩子到动物园和森林里来，观察动植物们怎样过冬，增长知识，陶冶情操。

到南山公园来吧，带上你的家人，带上你的知心好友来吧，在这里你会度过一个轻松愉快的假日。

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎大家到中国嗾泉水之乡、国家级自然保护区--五大连池观光旅游。很荣幸能陪伴大家领略神奇的火山风光，并希望我的导游能为您提供优质的服务。

五大连池名胜风景区，坐落在讷谟河畔，面积1060多平方公里。风景区主要由14座新期的和老期的火山、5个火山堰塞湖(五大连池)、60多平方公里的 “石龙”(玄武岩台地)和具有很高医疗保健价值的低温冷泉构成。这里旅游资源十分丰富，山凝秀、水含幽、熔岩巧叠、药泉神奇，被誉为我国天然火山公园，翻开的火山教科书和著名旅游疗养的胜地。

五大连池的14谇火山呈“井”字形排列，名称是：药山泉、卧虎山、笔架山、南北格拉球山、东西焦得布山、莫拉布山、尾山、东西龙门山、小孤山、黑龙山和火烧山，其中有12座火山喷发年代较久远，最早的可达几万年，甚至几十万年。两座较年轻的火山是黑龙山和火烧山，在1719-1720xx年间喷发形成，史书《黑龙江外记》、《宁古塔记略》均有文字记载。在火山喷发的同进，滚滚的熔岩把讷谟尔河的支流--白河拦腰截成五段，形成了五个彼此相连呈串珠状的火山堰塞湖，既头池、二池、三池、四池、五池，人们称之为五大连池。五个池间有境河沟通，纵长 20多公里湖面可达40余平方公里，总容量为1.7亿多立方米。五池盈盈碧水，点缀在14座火山之间，与广阔的玄武岩台地融合在一起，绘成一组奇特的山、水、石景观。

五大连池不但火山自然景观独特，而且还蕴藏着丰富的具有神奇疗效的矿泉水。

关于五大连池的矿泉水，有一个美好的传说。相传很久以前，五大连池一带，古树参天，野草茂密。一位鄂伦春猎人，寻找射中的一只梅花鹿。鹿带着箭伤在前面跑，猎人循着血迹在后面追。这只鹿不往深山里跑，却跑进一个池子里，猎人觉得有些稀奇，站在岩边观看，只见鹿在不里一边洗伤口，一边用舌头舔，上岸后，血不流了，健步跑进深山。猎人到泉边用手捧起水喝了一口，顿觉精神振奋。以后，猎人只要有点小病小灾，就到泉边饮水治疗，都是水到病除。从此，人们都把这泉水奉为“圣水”，以后的每年农历五月初五，人们都到此饮“零点水”。据说，饮到“零点水”的人可以消灾祛病、益寿延年。

岳阳楼坐落于湖南省洞庭湖畔、岳阳市西门的城墙上。

岳阳楼与武昌的黄鹤楼、南昌的腾王阁齐名，并称为中国长江流域的“三大名楼”。登楼俯瞰洞庭湖，水面烟波浩淼，苍苍茫茫，水天一色，素有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”的美誉。

岳阳楼传说是三国时吴国著名将领鲁肃训练水师的阅兵台。至唐开元四年(720xx年)，中书令张说谪守岳州，在此修建楼阁，正式定名为“岳阳楼”。同时代的诗人杜甫有诗《登岳阳楼》曰：“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南圻，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”。宋庆历五年(1045年)，腾子京守巴陵郡时重修岳阳楼，并请范仲淹作千古名作《岳阳楼记》。范氏在文中不仅将四周的景物、早晚晴雨等各种感触描写得淋漓尽致，且文中“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的名句，更抒发了作者忧国忧民的高尚情怀，使之脍炙人口，传扬中外，岳阳楼亦因此声名远播。

现存的岳阳楼是清同治六年(1867年)重新修葺的，占地240平方米，深宽各三间，三层三檐，通高19.72米，木结构。楼顶似古将的头盔，黄琉璃瓦，飞檐高翘，屋脊装饰有各种动物，楼的每角立有一彩釉飞凤。二楼有明廊环绕，可凭栏远眺。棂窗格门雕饰精美，柱、枋、梁、架朱漆彩绘，富丽堂皇，气宇非凡。

楼的一层正厅悬挂着清朝人张照书的《岳阳楼记》木刻屏;二楼存历代名家的诗文、匾额、联语;三楼正面有一座神龛，里边放置吕洞宾的塑像，塑像全身饰有金粉，神态飘逸，宛似仙人。楼前有宋代铸造的三足狮环铁镬两座，各重千余斤。楼的两侧有仙梅亭和三醉亭，与主楼相互衬托，相得益彰。仙梅亭建于明崇祯十二年(1639年)，传说在施工中获得一块大青石，青石上刻有花纹，酷似枯梅，当时的人视之为仙迹，等到亭子建成以后，就将此石竖立在亭中，此亭也因此名为“仙梅亭”。亭高60米，六方形，双重檐攒尖顶，檐角高翘，玲珑素雅。三醉亭建于清乾隆四十年(1775年)，原名“望仙阁”，后改为“斗姆阁”，用以专门祭祀北斗星神。同治六年(1867年)重新修茸时，取《吕洞宾三醉岳阳楼》故事之意，命名为“三醉亭”。岳阳楼前数十步，有一二层平台，滨湖处建有石栏，南北各立有一门，门额上分别书写着“南极潇湘”、“北通巫峡”，楼旁种植有许多树木、花草，近处还有宋代的铁梢、铁枷，以及多处各代的石刻。附近更有鲁肃墓、小乔墓及岳阳文庙、慈氏塔等名胜古迹。

泸定桥坐落在泸定县城大渡河上，为全国重点文物保护单位。该桥始建于清康熙44年，建成于45年(1720xx年)。康熙御笔题定“泸定桥”，并立御碑于桥头。

泸定桥桥长103米，宽3米，13根铁链固定在两岸桥台落井里，9根作底链，4根分两侧作扶手，共有12164个铁环相扣，全桥铁件重40余吨。两岸桥头堡为木结构古建筑，风貌独特，为我国国内独有。自清以来，此桥为四川入藏的重要通道和军事要津。1935年5月29日，中国工农红军长征途经这里飞夺泸定桥而使该桥闻名中外。

泸定桥参观游览点由三部分组成。一是泸定桥。二是泸定桥革命文物文物馆，馆内以照片、资料、实物展出红军强渡大渡河、飞夺泸定桥等情况，以及当时红军领导的题词，著名书法家、画家的书法、名画。三是“红军飞夺泸定桥纪念碑”及其公园，邓小平题定的碑名，聂荣臻撰写的碑文。纪念碑及其公园设计新颖，把纪念意义、地方风情、艺术博览、旅游观光融为一体。

东坡书院位于海口市西线180公里的儋州市中和镇，离现儋州市政府所在地那大镇40多公里，是为纪念北宋大文豪、谪臣苏东坡而建于北宋(1098年)，后经重修，明代(1549年)更为现名。890年前，苏东坡由幼子苏过陪伴，在这里度过了三年的流放生活。后人把他讲学、会友、寓居过的地方命名为东坡村、东坡田、东坡井、东坡路、东坡坐石，并建东坡居士塑像以示纪念。

东坡书院，为历代儋州最高学府，培养了不少人才，成为海南重要的人文胜迹之一。书院大门轩昂宏阔，院里吉林幽茂，群芳竞秀。载酒亭、载酒堂、奥堂龛等建筑古色古香。载酒堂，为苏东坡被贬昌化县(现儋州市)时居住、讲学的场所。《琼台纪实史》记载“宋苏文忠公之谪儋居耳，讲学明道，教化日兴，琼州人文之盛，实自公启之。”载酒亭，为重檐歇山顶结构，上下两层，上层四角，下层八角，各角相错，角角翘起呈欲飞之势。亭的东西两侧是莲花池，亭、池相依，倒影成趣。堂中绘了苏东坡居儋三年的生活情景图录。书院内大殿和两侧耳房，展出苏东坡许多书稿墨迹、文物史料和著名的《坡仙笠屐图》。还有郭沫若、邓拓、田汉题咏的诗刻及书画名家的艺术作品。

书院大殿在载酒堂后面，两者相隔一庭院，左右两侧是廊舍，与载酒堂相连，形成一个四合院，庭院中有一棵上百年的芒果树，叶茂荫浓，使整个庭院显得幽静肃穆。东坡讲学的彩雕陈列大殿正中，苏东坡、苏过、黎子云等人物形象栩栩如生。馆前，东坡笠屐铜像矗立在姹紫嫣红的鲜花丛中。

各位朋友好！现在，我们到了著名的长江三峡了，三峡位于长江上游的重庆与湖北之间，是瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡的总称。而这儿的风光，雄奇险拔却又不失庄雅秀丽，是个休闲的好地方。

三峡总长二百公里，大家看看两边都是连续不断的山，山没有一点缺口，如一条绿龙一带。这儿的山都高耸入云，遮天蔽日，把天空锁成了一条带子。要不是现在是正午，连太阳也瞧不见呢！

三峡是个“多景”的地方。一年四季，这个地方都有绝然不同的美景等你欣赏。在夏天，这儿水势浩大，水流湍急，是一种奔放的美感。但出于安全起见，还是要略加小心。秋天呢，是一种凄婉的美感，每到带霜的早晨，都有猿那哀转的啸叫，真可谓催人泪下。

要是你是个喜欢清幽美感的人，可真是来对时间了！像今天这样的春日，展现了三峡的清幽美。这儿有如雪的急流和碧绿的深潭，回旋着清波还倒影了世间万物的影子，游客依次可以探下头看看，喏，那还有倒映的太阳呢！在你们两边的山峰上，长着许多奇怪的松柏，很有趣味。现在，我们面前是两边的瀑布。这水飞流激荡，是文雅中跃动的美感，好了，随着船的前行，我们好好享受水清树秀、山高草盛的美景吧！

快乐的时光总是过得很快，我们旅行就此结束了。愿这次三峡之旅能在你心中留下一段美好的回忆，再见！

黛眉山世界地质公园位于河南省洛阳市新安县北部山区，秦岭与太行山的过渡地带，黄河小浪底水库上游南岸，公园分为龙潭大峡谷、荆紫山、黛眉山、青要山和万山湖五大景区，面积约328km2。是一座以沉积构造遗迹和地质地貌景观为主，以地质灾害遗迹、典型矿产和水体景观等相互辉映为特色的综合型地质公园，其中龙潭大峡谷为黛眉山世界地质公园的核心景区。

龙潭大峡谷风景区位于洛阳市新安县石井乡，东距洛阳市60公里，郑州180公里，连霍高速、310国道、陇海铁路横穿县境，位置优越，交通便利，享有“中国嶂谷第一峡”、“古海洋天然博物馆”、“峡谷绝品”和“黄河山水画廊”等美名。同时洛阳万山湖风景区凝聚万里黄河之精华，荟萃北国山水之大观，成为“中国最具发展潜力景区”和“中国优秀旅游目的地”。

从平面图上看，龙潭大峡谷像是一条东西横卧的巨龙，而且峡谷内处处以龙的传说为宗，因而得名——龙潭大峡谷。

龙潭大峡谷是一条由紫红色石英砂岩经流水追踪下切形成的U型峡谷，全长12公里，谷内嶂谷、隘谷呈串珠状分布，云蒸霞蔚，激流飞溅，红壁绿荫，悬崖绝壁，不同时期的流水切割、旋蚀，磨痕十分清晰，巨型崩塌岩块形成的波痕大绝壁国内外罕见。观赏山崩地裂的旷世奇观，体验探幽览胜的绝妙意境。景区的六大自然谜团(水往高处流、佛光罗汉崖、巨人指纹、石上天书、蝴蝶泉、仙人足迹)七大幽潭瀑布(五龙潭、龙涎潭、青龙潭、黑龙潭、卧龙潭、阴阳潭、芦苇潭)八大自然奇观(绝世天碑、石上春秋、阴阳潭瓮谷、五代波纹石、天崩地裂、通灵巷谷、喜鹊迎宾、银链挂天)令人惊叹不已，流连忘返。红岩绝壁，飞瀑幽潭，狭沟深谷，奇石绿荫，组成世界上罕见的山水画廊。

回顾龙潭大峡谷风景区的发展历程：

20_年1月龙潭大峡谷获得“省地质公园”称号;

20_年8月获得“国家地质公园”称号;

20_年8月18日，联合国教科文组织世界地质公园评审组专家对龙潭大峡谷进行了世界地质公园验收，他们对龙潭大峡谷的美学价值和科学价值给予了极高的评价和赞美，库穆博士说：“我到过很多地方，龙潭大峡谷是我见过的世界上最美的峡谷!”

20_年9月18日英国当地时间下午3时(北京时间22时)，在英国北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯特召开的第二届世界地质公园大会上，王屋山——黛眉山被联合国教科文组织世界地质公园评委会正式授予“世界地质公园”称号。

20_年9月29日，龙潭大峡谷顺利通过了“质量、环境、职业健康安全”三项国际化标准管理体系认证。11月，又入选“洛阳市新八大景”。

20_年3月龙潭大峡谷风景区被评为“20_年游客最喜爱的十大超级景区”、“20_年摄影家最喜爱的十大超级景区”、“20_年导游最喜爱的十大超级景区”。

近年黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程完成后，在新安北境的黄河主干道上形成了168平方公里的辽阔水面，碧波万顷的万山湖和独具特色的地质公园互为映衬，红石韵，黄河魂，山光水色，两相辉映，构成了万里黄河上一簇具有特殊科学意义和美学价值的璀璨明珠。龙潭大峡谷就是这黛眉山世界地质公园中的典型代表。

龙潭大峡谷，以它罕见的地质构造，奇特的地形地貌和清丽的生态环境，构成了独具特色的“天然地质博物馆”。

各位旅客朋友们，大家好!旅途辛苦了，我是大家此次肇兴侗寨之旅的专线导游，大家可以叫我小李。首先欢迎各位朋友来咱们美丽的肇兴侗寨旅游观光，我将带领大家走进全国最大最古老的侗寨，让大家感受到古朴神秘的侗族文化，原生态的民族风情和侗乡人民的热情好客。

黎平肇兴侗寨位于贵州省黎平县东南部，地势处于两座山脉之间的谷地，村寨呈船形状。两条源自山间的小河婉转曲折，穿寨而过。是黎平县最大的侗族聚居村寨，也是全国最大的侗族自然寨。它在20__年《中国国家地理》主办的“中国最美的地方”评选活动中，被评为中国最美六大古镇古村之一，还有着“千家肇洞”和“侗乡第一寨”的美誉。

我们现在进入寨门所看到的第一个场景就是“侗族拦路”，它是当地的一个民族风俗。当村寨之间有集体活动、联谊、唱侗戏、探访等都会出现拦路，这种活动也叫做“月也”。当客人进入寨边时，主寨的姑娘们就在寨门摆起了拦路凳，唱起了拦路歌，并且客人要与主寨的姑娘对上几回合，喝了用牛角杯装的拦路酒，才能放客人进寨，进入寨中我们可以看见，寨里的男人吹芦笙放鞭炮，敲锣打鼓将客人迎入寨子的鼓楼内。

现在我们看到的是侗寨的标志——鼓楼，肇兴以鼓楼群最为著名，其鼓楼在全国侗寨中绝无仅有，它被誉为“鼓楼之乡”，鼓楼结构独特，层叠交错，不用一钉一铆，每座鼓楼的外观，大小，高低，风格各不相同。鼓楼的柱子上雕刻了很多的图形，其中最多的就是龙，关于刻龙还有这样的一个传说：“很久以前，村寨外的深潭里住了两条龙，一条白龙，一天乌龙，他们同时看上了村子里最美的姑娘，于是他们化身为人，都向姑娘表达了爱意。姑娘只钟情于白龙，拒绝了乌龙，所以乌龙非常生气，他想把整个村子都消灭完。于是乌龙就喷水想要淹没村子，白龙知道后就来阻止，他与乌龙大战了很久，他终于把乌龙打败了，抢救了村子，可是他受伤太重，就这样永远的倒下了。所以人们为了纪念他，就在鼓楼的柱子上刻了白龙的形象，就像白龙一直在保护着这个村子一样。”鼓楼就是侗寨吉祥的象征，兴旺的标志。

看完鼓楼我们就要去旁边的歌坪，踩起歌堂了，踩歌堂也叫“哆也“，是为了祭祀祖母”萨“的仪典。青年男女在寨老的带领下，围着”萨坛“绕圈，然后芦笙曲进入歌坪，大家手拉着手男外女内两圈边舞边唱。肇兴不但是鼓楼之乡，还是歌舞之乡。侗族人认为”饭养身，歌养心，人不唱歌会变老“，著名作家余秋雨曾在20__年来到肇兴侗寨采风，并写了散文《伞下的侗寨》，也高度赞扬了无指挥多声部重唱的侗族大歌。

接下来我们将要去感受侗族人的热情了，他们准备了“长桌宴”，可以供上百人一起用餐，桌子上的全部是侗族特色菜，如：腌鱼、腌肉、捆捆肉、蕨粑、风雨老南瓜等。用餐过程中，侗族姑娘会给每一个客人敬酒，并且客人的手不能碰到牛角杯，否则客人将把牛角杯的酒全部喝完。用餐后我们还会有篝火晚会，大家手拉手围着篝火绕圈，边唱边跳。

各位旅客朋友，我们的肇兴之旅到这就基本结束了，希望大家今晚吃得开心，唱得开心，跳得开心，重要的是侗寨让大家感受到了侗族的风土人情与崇尚自由的精神，让大家饱了眼福和口福，给各方的朋友带去侗乡深深的祝福，并且给大家留下美好的回忆。

各位游客朋友们，大家好，非常欢迎大家来到三峡大坝，我是大家的导游，我姓潘，大家就叫我小潘吧。

首先，让我们一起来说说我们的三峡工程吧。

三峡工程是中国人民用智慧和汗水创造的冲破性伟大工程。它举天下之力而建，以是，在场的每一位前辈，你们都为其做出过贡献，它是我们共同的自豪！

接下来我们要去三峡大坝的最佳观景点——坛子岭观景台。大家上去的时候要注重安全。站在坛子岭上，凭栏眺望，高峡平湖就在眼前延伸。巍然耸立的三峡大坝如巨龙横江，和沿岸的群山相连，十分的壮观。

由于三峡水库属峡谷河道型水库，坝上湖面并不十分隔阔。站在坛子岭上能看到的湖面在几公里外就消失到峡谷中去了，远没有鄱阳、洞庭的浩淼和壮阔。但它摄人心魄的壮美是深藏不露的，因为我们眼前的那一汪江水示明的是人类对世界第三大江河的征服，承载的是一个人的共同体一百年的梦想。我相信，在场的每一位前辈均可以或许读懂这种美，因为那是属于中华人的共同体的大壮美，那是中华人的共同体崛起在新时代的伟大标志。

好了，我的讲解就要结束了，接下来大家可以自由参观，我们11点在三峡展览馆门跟前集合，谢谢大家。

张家界市是多民族聚居区，主要为土家族、白族、苗族、回族等19个少数民族，共计111.84万人，占全市总人口155.2万人的72.06%，其中土家族98万人，白族10.8万人，苗族2.96万人。在漫长的繁衍、发展、承传过程中，在原始险恶的生存环境中，形成了各自独特的民族性格和风俗习惯。

土家族

土家族是张家界的主体民族。张家界土家族属于古代巴人一支，一说是古代庸国人的后裔，也有世代繁衍于此的古代土著先民。

土家族自称毕兹卡”，历史上称为蛋蛮、天门蛋蛮、南蛮、武陵蛮、荆州蛮、五溪蛮、土人、土丁、土兵、土军等。

旧志上说：民情淳朴、土厚而风淳。”楚风刚劲，其弊多流于愤激。永定隶属楚边，俗尚淳朴，犹存中土人之遗风。”一位汉官曾感叹道：僻陋于深山，而有此醇静之俗，所谓生不见外事，而安于畎亩衣食，盖风之古也!”这便是历史上对土家族民族性格的基本评价。

张家界土家族人讲义气，重感情，热情好客，吃苦耐劳，忌欺骗，易轻信，好打抱不平，能歌善舞，信巫尚鬼，尚武好斗，崇奉覃后王、向王天子、梯玛、以及五谷神、公王神、土地神、社神等。

张家界土家族在中国战争史上，曾有过辉煌的战绩;早在西周时，即助周武王伐纣，歌舞以凌，殷兵大溃”;刘邦讨伐秦二世胡亥，土家人为其冲锋陷阵，深受刘邦赞赏;为反抗东汉王朝压迫，土家渠帅相单程在辰州壶头山打败伏波将军马援，使之马革裹尸而还;明洪武初，为反抗朱元璋歧视少数民族政策，覃后王率土兵连败五位侯级将领的征剿;明嘉靖年间，湘鄂西各路土司应召慷慨悲歌奔赴东南沿海，一举击败倭寇，明世宗亲自为土司赐东南第一战功”匾额;清朝时期，土家将领王正道、罗荣光等以生命镇守国门，打败洋人入侵;大革命时期，土家人跟随贺龙、任弼时、肖克将军坚持游击战争，建立湘鄂川黔革命根据地，为共和国的诞生立下汗马功劳;抗美援朝战争中，湘西土家兵敢与美国人较量，打出了中国人的威风。曹里怀将军曾高度评价志愿军中的土家兵：土家族是中国最勇猛善战的民族。”

土家吊脚楼

到了张家界，都想看看土家吊脚楼。

由于历代进行对土家族实行屯兵镇压政策，把土家人赶进了深山老林，其生存条件十分恶劣，《旧唐书》说：土气多瘴疠，山有毒草及沙蛩蝮蛇，人并楼居，登梯而上，是为干栏。”加上少田少地，土家人只好在悬崖陡坡上修吊脚楼。

吊脚楼多为木质结构，早先土司王严禁土民盖瓦，只许盖杉皮、茅草，叫只许买马，不准盖瓦”。一直到清代雍正十三年改土归流”后才兴盖瓦。一般为横排四扇三间，三柱六骑或五柱六骑，中间为堂屋，供历代祖先神龛，是家族祭祀的核心。根据地形，楼分半截吊、半边吊、双手推车两翼吊、吊钥匙头、曲尺吊、临水吊、跨峡过涧吊，富足人家雕梁画栋，檐角高翘，石级盘绕，大有空中楼阁的诗画之意境。著名土家族诗人汪承栋写道：

奇山秀水妙寰球，酒寨歌乡美尽收。

吊脚楼上枕一夜，十年作梦也风流。

修屋赞梁

土家人把修新屋作为繁衍子孙的根基，因而看得十分神圣。修屋前，要请风水先生选好依山傍水背风向阳的地方作为屋声。无论谁家起新屋，远亲近邻都来帮工，只吃饭不拿工钱，叫打白工”。喜庆日是在堂屋梁的时候，亲戚朋友都来送礼祝贺，叫斟上梁酒”。

所谓梁，是指堂屋脊横梁。梁木选择有个古怪的规矩：屋主必偷偷在大山中寻找分岔成两根的标直大树，不问树的主人是谁，尽管偷偷砍下，锯成两根，同时从山上滚下，谁头在前，尾在后，无伤无疤的，就选哪一根。这种风俗，叫偷梁木”，土家寨有俗规，偷梁木不算偷”。梁木一旦偷砍下地，就要鸣放鞭炮，还要在上面搭红布，然后热热闹闹请八个后生抬回家，一路招摇过市，似乎偷”得很光彩，树主不仅不追究，反过来还要表示祝贺，因为这是吉利与友谊的表示，就好比为人家子孙根基作了重大贡献似的荣耀。

梁木正中画图，左右书美仑美奂，金玉满堂”或帝道遐昌，五谷丰登”之类的对联。

上梁时，请两名歌师或掌墨师赞梁。赞梁有一定的曲调，较单调，实际上是种韵白表演形式。待梁木在屋顶山上架好后，赞梁者便攀梯而上，一人提酒壶，一人端茶盘，茶盘内放着筷子、酒杯、腊肉、糯米糍粑。提酒壶者赞道：

手提酒壶闪金光，壶中美酒喷喷香，

欢欢喜喜上屋去，要跟主东赞主梁。

端茶盘的接着赞道：

手端茶盘四四方，张郎造就鲁班装。

四角造起龙凤榫，金漆盘子摆中央。...

赞毕，二人开始上梯，每上一步就唱五句赞词，其内容是借颂扬古人恭维屋主的：

...上三步，中三元，刘备关张访大贤;

南阳有个诸葛亮，三顾茅庐下高冈...

...上十步，十美十全，张郎鲁班下凡间;

修起高楼和大厦，主东富贵万万年!

赞梁者攀上屋脊梁木时，二人各坐在梁木的一端，一边饮酒，一边互问互答，用长篇的赞词，赞扬主东的屋声像仙境琼楼，龙王宫殿，必发子发孙，祝寿绵长。赞梁后，向下抛梁粑粑”。先把两个象征富贵的大粑粑拿在手中问下面的屋主：要富还是要贵?”主人回道富贵都要!”两个粑粑抛下时，主人家接在怀中。(最忌讳接不住)，然后将小粑粑抛下，边抛边唱：

笑哈哈，笑哈哈，双手拿起梁粑粑，

四面八方一齐撒，大家越抢越发达!...

这时屋场上人如潮涌，争抢粑粑，热闹非凡。抛过粑粑后，亲友们将一段段五颜六色的布料搭在梁上，叫搭梁”，此时鞭炮震耳，赞梁者又一步一赞，下到地面，于是，一栋新屋就在喜气洋洋的热烈气氛中立起来了。

土家族服饰

比较而言，土家族服饰没有苗族那样穿金戴银，更接近生活型、实用型。民国以来，土家男女一年四季都戴头巾，男人以青、蓝、白或条纹布为主，长二三米，一圈圈地缠绕在头上，包成人字路;女人则多以青丝帕或白印花头巾，丝帕薄如蝉翼，最长达七、八米，是妇女终生陪伴之物，死后必以帕缠入葬。衣服以青、蓝、白、印花布为主，男穿对胸衣，双排七至十一扣，俗称蜈蚣扣，袖口、领口及裤管末端加花边;女人则右开襟，袖大而短，饰花边，挂银铜佩饰，俗称满襟”，有满清遗风;未出阁少女着花衣，讲究大红大绿;小孩喜戴菩萨帽，虎头帽;男鞋多为青蓝布，女人穿绣鞋;姑娘出嫁时必穿露水衣”，上着鲜艳桃花绣衣，下着八幅罗裙，与土老司八幅罗裙有异曲同工之妙。据大文豪沈从文考证，八幅罗裙是正宗土家装。过去土家男女不穿袜，兴打绑腿，尤以男子将裤筒裹成人字路，配布鞋或草鞋，十分精神利索，民族专家说这是土家兵战争装束，有土司兵农合一”传统制度的痕迹。而民间百匠，又有不同职业装，如铁匠穿长而宽的牛皮肚兜以防灼伤;猎户挂绣花子弹肚兜是实战需要;农民雨天下田披蓑衣则是农事需要。对那些命相”不佳的小孩，还要按土老司的指点戴百家锁”、穿百纳衣，即从一百户人家讨一百块碎布拼做成衣服穿，否则难养成人等等。故外人说：土家人穿了一身的讲究”。

土家饮食

嘴巴两块皮，只想好的吃”，凡到张家界的客人，都想尝尝土家的民间食品。

张家界盛产稻谷、包谷、高粱、红薯、荞、粟及各种豆类，坪坝上的土家人以大米为主食，大山界上的土家人就主杂掺半，也有以包谷为主食的。

土家人菜肴讲究酸、香辣，俗话说：三日不吃酸和竦，心里就像猫爪抓，走路脚软眼也花”，故特别看中辣椒、胡椒、花椒、大蒜、胡葱、韭菜、香椿等辛辣香味特浓的佐料食品。旧志记载说：因土人居住丛岩邃谷间，冰泉凛冽，岗瘴郁蒸，非辛味不足以温胃健脾。”

土家妇女多为酸香辣制作能手，诸如将四季鲜菜、野菜或五禽六畜之肉通过干制、腌制、烘炕等制成干菜系列，腊菜系列，酸菜系列等，把人生的日子打发得有滋有味。

土家著名的土菜有：

石耳炖鸡鸭。明清时代，张家界的石耳是土司给皇上的贡品，据说每年皇帝大宴群臣必上这一道菜。泥鳅钻豆腐，也是一绝，让泥鳅饥饿三天，再让吃饱猪油，然后放进豆腐中，文火慢炖，让泥鳅钻进豆腐，直至炖熟，其味妙不可言。还有苦瓜炖鲜鱼、嫩北瓜炖干牛肉，都是常人不敢配伍的佳肴;它如血豆腐、荷渣、沅古坪腊肉、梆梆肉、酢鱼酢肉、瓦缸菜、鱼儿辣子、火烧茄子、火烧辣椒(捣烂成泥)及野菜系列等等。土司王流传的土王全席”，一席十八碗碟，共八道菜谱，二十四个系列，足可与中国几大名菜坐在一条板凳上谈经论道。特别是土家三下锅”，风味十分独特。相传明嘉靖年间，进行征调湘鄂土司兵上前线抗倭，恰好赶上年关，为不误军机，土司王下令提前一天过年，于是腊肉、豆腐、萝卜一锅煮，叫吃合菜”，以后演变成三下锅”。各位客人，到了张家界，建议到小餐馆尝尝三下锅”，叫你一辈子都忘不了。

另外，逢年过节，土家人有打糯米糍粑、做竹叶粑粑、炒炒米、做团馓;春日做桐叶麦粑，秋日做苦荞粑等，都令人嘴馋不已。

土家赶年

张家界土家族团聚过年，有其独特的习俗：若腊月大则二十九过年;月小则二十八过年。土家人把提前一天过年称之为赶年”。关于赶年”，民间有这个传说：

相传明嘉靖三十三年(1555年)，由于朝政腐败，倭寇在我国东南沿海地区不断大肆袭扰，朝廷曾多次派大军抗倭，都惨败告终。尚书张经上奏朝廷，请征湘鄂西土兵平倭，明世宗准奏，派经略使胡宗宪督办。永定书茅岗土司覃尧之深知一去难返，决定与亲人过最后一个年，于是下令：蒸甑子饭，切砣子肉，斟大碗酒，提前一天过年再出征。”

因时间紧，来不及作许多菜，就来个腊肉、豆腐、萝卜一锅炖，叫作合菜”，吃了好上路。这道菜以后演变成三下锅”。士兵前线后，很快打败倭寇，收复失地，世宗亲赐匾额，上书东南战功第一”。志书记下了这段历史：于十二月二十九日大犒将士，除夕，倭不备，遂大捷。后人沿之，遂成家风。”

赶年”习俗体现了土家人民识大体顾大局，甘愿为国捐躯的博大胸怀，是土家人民的骄傲。

六月六覃后晒皮”

张家界土家节日特别多，几乎月月有节，有时一月几节，但最有影响的民族节日是六月六覃后晒皮”。

相传朱元璋称帝后，背叛农民起义宗旨，大封王侯，滥造宫殿，强迫茅岗司土民贡献香楠大木，因而瑶役十分繁重，加上湖广大旱，灾民相食，弄得民不聊生。洪武三年(1370)，时任慈利安抚使、湖广理问(法官)的土家族首领覃后，联合桑植、永顺、鹤峰等十八洞蛮”愤然 揭竿起义，朝野震动，朱元璋亲自坐镇荆州，先后派遣五个侯级将领发兵征讨，覃后兵败七年寨，坚持抗战，后因叛徒出卖，被官兵俘获。洪武五年农历六月初六日，朱元璋在南京下令对覃后实行凌迟弄(剥皮)，一时飞沙走石，乌天黑地，京城七天七夜日月不明，昼夜不分。朱元璋意识到错杀了真命天子，天地不容，急忙跪倒在地，向天地许愿，每年六月初六、十六、二十六，让覃后王坐王位三天，亲施三拜九叩之礼。愿毕果然云开雾散，日月复明。为取得覃后真影，朱元璋还下令将覃后皮吹鼓，供在殿上。为防虫蛀霉烂，每年六月初六还要翻晒覃后皮一次，故这天又叫覃后晒龙袍”、覃后晒皮”。《永顺县志》记载说：六月六日晒书及衣服，俗传茅岗土司覃后以是日被诛，血溅其衣，附近居民暴衣以吊之，名曰‘晒龙袍’。”

木叶传情

湘西苗族男女找对象，谈恋爱，兴赶边边场”，土家男女却用木叶传情。

土家人天天在深山与鸟儿、蝉儿为伴，寂寞了，高兴了，忧虑了，或有什么隐秘心事，便摘片木叶儿，吹起无词曲儿来。这些木叶歌，或婉转悠扬，或如泣如诉，或欢畅愉悦，或悲泣幽怨，远听，鸟儿在啁啾，似山泉在叮咚，充满诗情画意。吹木叶并非易事，要经过长期练习，才能吹出调儿来。有的男女青年相爱倾慕，却不便启齿，又不喜欢媒婆搬弄是非，于是就用木叶求偶，把满腔的爱写在木叶上，山里人这样唱：

满山木叶堆打堆，问郎会吹不会吹?

有朝一日学会了，只用木叶不用媒。

千两银来万两银，难买阿妹一颗心，

媒婆嘴巴磨出血，不抵一曲木叶情。

千古绝唱哭嫁歌”

土家姑娘在接到男方通报结婚的日子前十天半月，就不再出门做活。先是在吊脚楼闺房架一方桌，置茶十碗，邀亲邻九女依次围坐，哭起嫁歌来，新娘居中，叫包席”，右女为安席”，左女为收席”。新娘起声，安席”接腔，依次哭去，不分昼夜。哭有规矩：母女哭，姑侄哭，姊妹哭，舅甥哭，姑嫂哭，骂媒人...哭三五天，有长达十天半月的。主要内容有回忆母女情，诉说分别苦，感谢养育恩，托兄嫂照护年迈双亲，教女为人处世等。

哭嫁歌一般为即席作，见娘哭娘，见婶哭婶。哭词各不相同，也有固定哭词，如比古人”、共房哭”、十画”、十绣”、十二月”等。哭有曲调，抑制顿挫，是一门难度很大的唱哭结合的艺术。嫁娘必在此前求师练习(当然是秘密的)。哭时以嗡”、蛮”、啊呀呀”等语气词，一泣一诉，哀惋动人。如哭姊妹”：

同喝一口水井水，同踩岩板路一根;

同村同寨十八年，同玩同耍长成人。

日同板凳坐啊，夜同油灯过;

织麻同麻篮啊，磨坊同扼磨...

又如哭爷(音伢”)娘：

娘啊娘，我要走了呐，再帮娘啊梳把头。

曾记鬓发野花艳，何时额头起了苦瓜皱?

摇篮还在耳边响，娘为女儿熬白了头。

燕子齐毛离窝去，我的娘唉，衔泥何时得回头?...

娘哭女：

铜锣花轿催女走，好多话儿没说够;

世上三年逢一闰，为何不闰五更头?

哎，儿去了哎娘难留，往后的日子你重开头;

孝敬父母勤持家，夫妻恩爱哎度春秋...

土家女哭嫁俗流传久远。清代土家诗人彭谭秋记载说：十姊妹歌，恋亲恩，伤别离，歌为曼声，甚哀，泪随声下，是‘竹枝’遗意也。”古竹枝词里有首咏哭嫁诗：

桃夭时节卜佳期，无限伤心叙别离。

哭娘哭嫂哭姐妹，情意绵缠泪如丛。

用哭声来庆贺欢乐的出嫁，用歌舞来祭祀死去的亲人，看似不可思议，却充分反映了土家族独特的禀性及文化意识。

生儿育女

撒筷子：十姊妹”哭罢，喷呐锣鼓催着花轿，这时，新娘子必由她的哥哥弟弟或是堂兄堂弟，背着进花轿，母亲即在轿四周撒五谷”，祈愿女儿成家后，五谷丰登，年年发达;又在轿前轿后撒一把筷子，祈祷女儿快(筷之谐音)生贵子，人丁兴旺。

产妇禁忌：新娘完婚之日，给新房铺床的女人，必须是有儿有女的且在当地有一定声望的，有女无儿的不行。寡妇不能进洞房。接帐子的女人也要有儿有女。

女人怀了孕，叫有喜”，不得在堂屋门槛上坐，说是亵渎了家神;不能坐扁担、锄把，说是日后养的儿女懒惰;屋里不能钉钉子，怕钉”到胎儿身上;不能打蛇，打蛇娃子要唾舌子的;不准进洞房，怕发四眼风”;不准踩水牛索，因为水牛怀胎要十二个月，怕超月...

小孩生了：孩子哇哇坠地，男方须向丈母娘报喜，生男孩就抱一只公鸡，生女孩就抱一只母鸡，丈母娘一看便知是男是女。

三日后，做外婆的便去女儿家看外孙儿，叫洗三”。然后商定吉日送礼贺喜，叫斟祝米酒”。外婆必送布料、婴儿毛衣、鞋帽、尿片及鸡、蛋、肉、米及摇篮之类的东西。还得给月母子送衣服，道是儿奔生，娘奔死”，算是给月母子的慰劳。

背小孩走夜路要把尿布搭在小孩头上，说是避邪;小孩满百天时，要舔猪尾巴，说不流涎水;女孩子舔鸡翅膀，说长大了会梳头;还要让小孩喝画眉汤，说长大后能说会道;有的把小孩脐带放于高山顶上，说长大了胆子大，办得大事;小孩满周岁了，要挖周”，也就是做一岁生日;小孩受惊吓了，就在门前十字路口泼水饭或请土老司吃吓”;婴儿犯了夜哭关”(俗称百日哭”)，就用纸写四句偈语巾在大路边或桥柱上，让过路人念：天皇皇，地皇皇，我家出了个夜哭郎，过往行人念一句，一觉睡到大天亮!”据说这么念了一百个人，孩子就不哭了。

背篓上的湘西

张家界三分坪，七分山，土家人世代与高山相伴，也与背篓结下了不解之缘。

姑娘出嫁，要织洗衣背篓”作陪嫁。洗衣背篓小巧玲珑，蔑丝细腻，图案别致，是娘家家境的标志，亦是新娘巧手勤劳的品牌”;女儿生孩子，娘家要送一个娘背篓”(又叫儿背篓”)，背篓成长筒形，做工十分精细，是专用来背孩子的，宋祖英唱的小背篓”就是这种背篓;摘苞谷、粟谷则用高背篓”，它口径特大(直径达2尺多)，腰细，底部呈方形，高过头顶;砍柴、扯猪草用柴背篓”，它蔑粗肚大，经得住摔打;还有一种专供男人挑苞谷棒的撑篓”，由一根扁担将两只高3尺、径长1尺2寸的蔑蒌串起来，苞谷挺得紧扎扎的，挑在肩上便于下高坡陡崖;另有一种木制背篓，几根木棒，串成一个能置物体的空架，用蔑丝系着，以此背圆木、石头、送肥猪;最特殊的是水背篓”，腰长口小，用皮蔑编织，内外刷桐油，大山缺水，土人从峡谷取水，背上白云深处的木楼。

背篓，在山里人看来，一如沙漠之骆驼，江河之船舟。域外人称背篓上的湘西”。

薅草锣鼓

每到春夏秋季，山里正是挖生地、薅苞谷草、挖桐林茶林的大忙日子。亲朋邻居几十个人邀成一伙，东家一天，西家一天打白工”。为了调节疲劳，加快进度，便请两位歌师，站在高山上，一人击鼓，一人打锣，双指夹住喉管，用高八度的假嗓唱歌助兴，土家人叫薅草锣鼓”。

薅草锣鼓有固定的程序：出早工时唱《开工歌》，又叫歌头”，接着唱《请神歌》。说的是很久以前，土家有个张姓庄稼汉，养了五个儿子。唐朝末年，天下大乱，五个儿子被征调当兵，全部战死沙场，皇帝动了恻隐之心，封长子为天门土地，次子为地府土地，三子为街坊土地，四子为桥梁土地，五子为山神土地。这些土地神都老老实实为百姓办事。歌师就对山神唱道：

苗稼你要保护好，保护五谷得丰登;

一天田边走三道，三天田边走九巡...

扬歌”是吃过早饭上工时唱的歌，是薅草锣鼓的主要部分，既有固定的歌词，如《打鼓儿郎得官回》、《恋姐歌》、《单身歌》等，也可即兴而作，可唱历史故事，也可唱远古传说，还可唱民间趣闻。有时，见民工累了，就唱几个牛皮歌”调口味;

叫我唱歌就唱歌，开口唱个牛皮歌;

唱个鸡公生鸭蛋，唱个鸟儿头长角;

唱个河水倒着流，唱个岩头滚上坡;

唱个蚊子扯哈欠，唱个糠壳搓成索...

傍晚收工时唱《送神歌》：

看到太阳下山岭，敲起锣鼓送神灵;

有的神灵跨鹤走，有的神灵骑狮行;

只有土地无处走，岩板底下且安身...

《永定县志》记载说：插秧耘草间，有鸣金击鼓歌唱相娱乐者，亦古田歌遗意。”《桑植县志》亦载：夏日薅草，群集垄上，两人对讴，庄偕间作，锣鼓应之，名曰打锣鼓。此农家音乐，用以节省劳力者也。”

禁忌

俗话说：出国问禁，入乡问俗。”游客到异地作客，如果犯了当地人的禁忌，就会招惹麻烦，平添出一些不愉快的事。

土家族人禁忌特别多，不同地域、不同家族、不同行当，都有各自不同的禁忌内容，它既反映出一种充满唯心迷信的文化心态，又掺和着一定的科学，因为是土家人长期生活实践经验的总结。

张家界土家人早晨见蛇喊长虫”或溜子”，谈虎称大猫”，见猴叫爪子”，讲鬼叫矮骡子”。许多禁忌已成谚语，如出门要选良辰吉日：初一十四二十三，太上老君不下庵”;七不出门八不归，逢九出门空手回”;春来莫捡鹰打鸟，冬来莫捡汗毛巾”;上山莫捡麂，下河莫捡鲤”(指莫名其妙死去的麂子和鲤鱼);除夕期间禁忌更多，不准吵口、不打小孩、不熄灯火;大年初一不讲背时”话，爷娘的口，无量的斗”;三十六，结跟头”;人满三十六，喜的喜，愁的愁”，因三十六岁死人的比例最高，出祸事最多，故民间凡事总要回避三十六”，就像外国人忌讳十三”数一样。人满三十六岁，无论男女，必做生日冲煞过头;凡红白喜事记人情帐，偶尔碰上三十六序号，便是不利顺的先兆，故许多人办事必先在三十六序号上写上吉利的话;小孩不准玩鸟，说是长大手跳写不好字(以此法护鸟);小孩不准摘未熟桐子果，说是要得痨病”(以此保护桐林);木匠的码板坐不得，铁匠的砧子敲不得，阉同匠的羊角吹不得，戏子的衣箱靠不得，农户的撑架踩不得(欺主);瓦窑前忌说红”，怕出红瓦、乘船忌呼陈”姓，因陈与沉”谐音;戏班子称伞”为撑子”，忌一个散”字;一年之始听到阳雀(杜鹃)叫时，如睡在床上或走下坡路准不吉利，大年节牲畜进屋，兆猪来穷，狗来富，猫儿来了穿孝服”;野貉入屋，鸡上树，狗上屋，无灾必有祸，不死脱层壳;梦清水泪洗面，梦白布要戴孝，梦红花喜盈门，梦小孩要防贼;梦鸡、鸟、小鱼有口角(吵架)，梦水牛有财发，梦跳坎有病灾，梦飞腾转健康，梦上山有好事，梦下坡要背时，梦笑得哭，梦祸得福...凡此种.种，不一而足。

游客朋友们，我们现在已步入市级文物保护单位、洞天福地凤凰山了，凤凰山山势逶迤起伏，犹如凤凰展翅，洼前有一山峰突起(就是玄帝庙)，恰似凤头，右手边高耸山崖犹如凤凰之尾翼，山腰九曲山岭如凤凰之体，整座山体如凤凰栖落山间，如此这般，这里怎能不是一处宝地呢?凤凰山最高海拔为596米，东西长约0.5公里。此山风景秀丽，清新幽静，湿润芬芳，具有神仙居住之地所特有的阴柔之美。这座仙山在不同的时间内时隐时现变化莫测，日出月落时随着温度的变化，远看其貌，雾霭弥漫，紫气笼罩，放射着仙气灵光;最好看时莫过于雨过天晴，青山如洗，苍翠而挺拔，清新而明亮，更展现仙山风貌。凤凰山的顶部大多时间都被云雾包裹着，与天相连，威严而神秘。山中散布着众多洞穴，居住着众多神仙。有神秘莫测的王母娘娘修练之地玄天洞、瑶池宫;有众神之王、主宰天地人三才的尊神玉皇大帝玉皇殿;有置灵龟于座下、伏长蛇于案前，祈之可让您延生长寿的真武大帝玄帝庙;有孔子周游列国依龛就穴建立的学堂夫子堂，祀求可让您学业有成、升官发财;有可让您财运亨通、同时供奉四位财神的金源洞;有救苦救难的观世音菩萨观音洞;有同时供奉太上老君、佛祖和关公的佛道和谐共存的老君洞;有主宰优生优育的送子娘娘——娘娘洞等人文景观。凤凰山为我国少有的儒释道荟萃之所，也是历史上三教和谐治世的见证。洞龛中现有塑像58尊、碑碣20余通，历史香火非常旺盛，为朝山祭拜圣地，文化底蕴深厚，旅游资源非常丰富。正所谓山不在高，有仙则名;水不在深，有龙则灵。凤凰山游道平缓，适合老中少不同年龄游览，同时，请各位游客在游览中不要大声喧哗，以免打扰神灵，请让我们以一颗虔诚之心、祈福之心，游览这神仙之山吧!好了，大家前行的过程中小心一点。

家乡是飘泊人永远难忘的.港湾，也是人们永远的希望所在。看着一幅幅秀丽的景色;聆听大海熟悉的浪涛声……哦，家乡的点点滴滴，我陶醉着，醉在一个千礁石岛上;醉在一块富饶的土地上……是啊!一样的蓝天下不一样的“方寸”之地，这或许就是大自然的造化与偏爱之故吧。

我的家乡——平潭，大自然赋予它的青山碧水妖娆美丽，我为它骄傲。曾经有人问道：“平潭只不过是一个只长石头不长草，吃了上顿没下顿的荒凉岛，有什么可骄傲的?”我骄傲地回答：不!那只是过去……

如今在改革开放的今天，我家乡的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。不信吗?当你亲眼看见的时候也许就赞叹不已呢!

首先，家乡人们的居住条件有了明显的改善。环境优美且新型的居住小区拔地而起，绝大多数家乡的人们走出了没有厨房，没有上下水道，没有卫生间的平房，搬进了宽敞明亮的新楼房;人们都不断提高了文明的举止，和睦相处，其乐融融。当家乡还处于贫困县城时每个家庭的衣柜大多是单调的颜色，如今衣柜变大了，拥有几套名牌服饰服装已不是什么新鲜事了。

还有，一条又一条宽阔平坦的水泥路代替了昔日的石板路，路边竖一起了一排排明亮的路灯;那像彩虹一样的跨海大桥也通车了，如今，凭借得天独厚的旅游资源，我的家乡就是金色的聚宝盆啦……

我的家乡不但景色优美而且物产丰富。它不仅是一个旅游景点，也是一本历史的教科书，是三十多万父老乡亲勤劳和智慧的结晶，是祖国宝库的一颗璀璨明珠。我渴望家乡日新月异飞速地发展，今天我要把对祖国的爱、对家乡的爱化作学习的动力，明天将才智奉献给家乡，把我的家乡打扮的更加年轻、漂亮。

山西省晋商文化博物馆坐落在国家级历史文化名城--祁县古城内的渠家大院。

山西省晋商文化博物馆坐落在国家级历史文化名城--祁县古城内的渠家大院，是一所以晋商文化为主要陈列内容的县级博物馆，是山西省重点文物保护单位，全国首家研究晋商文化的博物馆。

渠家大院始建于清乾隆年间，距今已有300年的历史，它当年的主人在县城内建有40个院落，人称“渠半城”，整个建筑总面积为23628平方米，现已开发出5317平方米，是当时“渠半城”的五分之一。

渠家大院始建于清乾隆年间，为全国罕见的五进式穿堂院，内分3个大院，19个小院，房屋240间。明楼院、统楼院、栏杆院、戏台院巧妙组合，错落有致。悬山顶、歇山顶、卷棚顶、硬山顶形式各异，主次分明。牌楼巍峨壮观，眺阁玲珑精致，院院之间有过厅，牌楼相隔，层次分明，活泼有趣。屋内屋外彩绘华丽，堆金沥粉。木、石、砖雕俯仰可见，题材广泛，寓意祥和，刀法精良。我国著名考古专家郑孝燮先生由衷地赞叹，渠家大院的每一个建筑构件都是不可多得的艺术品，是当之无愧的民居瑰宝。

大院外观为城堡式，墙头为垛口式女儿墙，内分8个大院，19个四合小院，共有240间房屋，每个四合小院都自成体系，而各院落之间有牌楼、过厅相隔，形成院套院、门连门的美妙格局。整个大院墙高院深、气势恢弘。其中石雕栏杆院、五进式穿堂院、牌楼院、戏台院错落有致，主次分明，堪称渠家大院的四大建筑特色。被建筑专家赞誉为"集宋、元、明、清之法式，汇江南河北之大成"。

渠家大院开发于1993年，经过了三年时间的筹建，于1996年9月22日正式对外开放。祁县渠家在晋商中颇具代表性，曾是清代著名的商业金融资本家。全国各大城市都有渠家开设的商业金融字号，商业资本高达 1000万两白银，其发家过程、经营之道及其经商爱国、投资近代工业、热心公益、兴办教育、发展文化等都很引人注目，赢得了社会的广泛赞誉和尊敬，在一定程度上可以说是中国近代商人兴衰命运的缩影电视连续剧《昌晋源票号》即是以渠家为原型。现在馆内陈展分晋商纵览、著名商号、巨商大贾、爱国义举、商界盛世、晋剧渊源、渠氏家族7大系列、27个展室，采取原状陈列和系列展出相结合的方法，运用实物、图片、模型、雕塑等手法，配以声光电等现代化手段，揭示晋商文化的，艺术地再现了渠氏家族穷通天下，雄阔经商的辉煌。

四川的雅安是一个美丽的城市。

进入了雅安，绕过各式各样的楼房，就来到无人不知、无人不晓的青衣江公园。每当下雨天时，青衣江公园就笼上一层薄薄的雾，各种花草都在朦胧中。出太阳时，青衣江像穿上了绚丽的上衣，树木、花草在阳光的照射下显得更绿了。

看过了青衣江，就来到青鼻山脚下。抬头一看，葱郁的树林中露出各种各样的平房屋顶。那是农民伯伯们的住宅，旁边还有他们勤劳开垦的土地。那片土地很整齐，你见了保证你把“田”字记的牢牢的。

登上青鼻山，出现在你眼前的是一个池塘，那个池塘平得像镜子，绿得像碧玉，池塘中还有很多小蝌蚪、小鱼在水中快活的游来游去。不时从山里飘出一阵阵清香味，会让你劳累的感觉消失的无影无踪，继续向上攀登。过了一会儿就出现在你的眼前，你走过去，往下眺望，雅安的风景大多都收在眼底，周围都散发着花草的香味，让人感觉神清气爽。

从青鼻山上下来，新建的“三雅园”会展开双臂欢迎你。冰棒似的灯、变化多端的喷水池，喷水时水柱互相交叉，下面的水雾犹如一条龙，围着水柱跳起欢乐的舞蹈。最中间摆着一台录音机，录音机中播放着激情、流行的歌曲，使人后身体就会跟着摆动。

雅安还有许许多多的美景，说也说不尽，还等你去细细欣赏。

自古即闻名遐迩的浮戏山，集石英岩、喀斯特、黄土丘陵三种地貌景观于一体，荟萃北国江南风光于一区，绘成了“天集云色，地溶石花、山峰奇秀，潭泉生涯，石窍怪状，林色奇葩，庙宇星罗，胜迹幽雅”的古代八大名景，具有巩境“小桂林”之誉。雪花洞的发现，使古景又增新容，实为中华文明揽胜之名珠。

雪花洞是发育在石灰岩地区的一个天然溶洞，全长1110米，共分三厅一走廊，面积约4000平方米。雪花洞是一个奇妙的地下世界，它“寂静、幽雅、深邃，洞内终年恒温，保持在15℃左右，是游览观光的宜人去处。中国地质学会洞穴研究协会会长朱学稳教授对雪花洞作了高度评价，他讲到：“雪花洞因洞道宽畅，洞饰华丽，独居群洞之首，为方圆数百里至千余公里范围内可供开发旅游洞穴的一枝奇葩，是我国中原地区重要的喀斯特区和洞穴之乡(因这里有100多个洞穴)。”洞中晶莹漏玉、玲珑剔透的石花、石葡萄和石珊瑚等次生化学沉积物布满整个雪花走廊，其面积之大，形态之美，在国内外目前发现的洞穴中均属罕见，可谓是“天下第一雪花洞”。雪花洞内的片片鹅毛大雪的石花堆积于洞壁上，长达173米的“雪花走廊”，恍如两扇巨大的玉屏，洞壁上朵朵、簇簇、串串的石花、石葡萄、石珊瑚、玉色斑澜、碧光银花、鸟语花香，成为中州大地一棵璀灿的明珠.近些年来，该景区先后筹资3000多万元，对雪花洞内部进行了整修，修建了小龙池、将军寨、朝圣城、老君洞等景点，是巩义市目前接待规模最大、效益最好的一个风景区，每年可接待游客18万人次，门票收入200多万元。

飞来石走过万山千水，飞来石无处不有，老君山不同它处，看，它架在古树杈上，谁也不知它来自何方?传说每年的三月三王母娘娘都要开一次蟠桃会。有一年盛会结束，各路神仙在向王母娘娘祝寿的时候，有一只调皮的猴子跑到供桌旁偷了一个桃子抱着就跑。不幸的是却被王母娘娘身边的一个仙女发现了，她就顺手拣了一块石头向猴子打过去，而这块石头就正好落在了老君山，构成了老君山小巧玲珑的飞来石一景。

连心石八百里伏牛山百草为药，古时候山下的村民们大多是以采药为生。传说山下村里有一对夫妇为人心地善良，经常施药救人。有一次夫妇俩人带着小孩一起上山采药，突然天降暴雨，山洪就爆发，洪水冲走了孩子。父母为了搭救自己的孩子，被卷进泥石流，结果全家都被洪水夺去了生命。村人得知噩耗之后，就到处寻找他们的遗体，寻找多日毫无结果。后来人们就在这里发现了这三块非常人性化的石头，老君爷托梦因为他们平时行善积德，已经把他们度化成仙了。再后来为了纪念他们一家三口就把它命名为“连心石”，有诗为

西冲隶属于南澳街道,又名西涌。西冲地区北部的七娘山最高海拔869米，是东部旅游最高峰，深圳市第二高峰;通过水路西行15公里即到香港西贡区(但目前没有口岸和港口的设置)，东行5公里(水路)可到惠州江门岛。

西冲是深圳市大鹏半岛用地条件和自然资源条件最为优秀的地区，景观资源丰富，西冲沙滩资源比较优势明显;土地储备大，发展潜力巨大。西冲拥有深圳市最绵长的高水准沙滩、最洁净的海域、引人入胜的海滨田园风光、茂密的山林、清澈的泻湖、突兀的礁岩……良好的自然资源为建设高水准的滨海旅游胜地提供了条件。

西冲是深圳最东端的一个行政村。岛上的每一处风景都自然天成，来到这里就等于来到了一个天然的海上植物园。西冲的海沙特别的细，无污染。可以来此度假，游泳，打沙滩排球。

在很多年前，风顺堂在华人口中是称作风信堂的，意谓顺风顺水。当年居澳的葡人大多为出海营商为生，他们的家人为求亲人能平安归来，多于此教堂祈祷希望神灵庇祐。教堂内设立的风信旗杆，为当时主要靠风力行驶的葡萄牙帆船提供重要指标。“风顺”是“风信”粤语谐音，此名一出，让教堂更具有中国化的亲切意味。

风顺堂的建立早于1569年，期间曾数度重修，其中在1618年的一次较具规模。而在1979年进行的粉饰装修，亦使这座古老教堂倍添光采。教堂设计，雄伟壮观，左右钟楼并崎，一座是时钟，作报时用;一座是铜钟，供教堂弥撒时摇动轰鸣用。教堂的屋顶是中国式的金字瓦面，室内之装饰充满东方色彩，古雅逸趣。堂内宽敞宏伟，巨大的梁柱和精美的吊灯，颇具豪华博大之气派。

祭坛内供奉着圣老楞佐的神像，穿着绚丽的衣袍，一手持圣经，一手拿法杖，庄严肃穆，在经常航海的葡国人心目中，是庇佑平安，赐予风信之神。

圣老楞佐教堂与妈阁庙距离不远，却在短小的路程中看到葡萄牙人航海主保和中国海神的前后呼应，见证了西方与中国文化的碰撞与共融，领略澳门人对不同文化的包容。

教堂邻近南湾及西湾，是拍拖的热点，情侣在海风轻揉的提畔漫步，最是浪漫。现在沿海改建为南湾湖，又有另一种优雅。附近众多酒吧食店，不单止适合情人前往，更是一众良朋或家庭好去处。吃一顿印度、意大利或法国菜，然后欣赏五光十色的激光音乐喷泉，拥抱澳门独有的轻散情怀。

大家好，我叫韦笑，来自中国旅行社。今天就让我带领大家浏览九寨沟的美丽风光吧!

九寨沟的名字是这样来的：在南坪、平武、松潘三县交界的万山丛中，有几条神奇的沟。周围散布着几个藏族村寨，所以人们称它九寨沟。

大家看，这是雪峰，它又高又大，大家抬头看看这雪峰的峰顶银光闪闪，这里大大小小的湖泊，像颗颗宝石镶嵌在彩带般的沟谷中。我以前带别的团的时候，大家都目瞪口呆，惊奇万分，陶醉如痴呀!从河谷至山坡遍布着原始森林呢!那森林在夏天非常绿，非常美丽的!每当天气晴朗时，蓝天、白云、雪峰、森林，都倒映在湖水中，构成了一幅精美的图画，就这样，我们这里的人把这些湖泊叫做五花海、五彩池。由于河谷高低不平，湖泊与湖泊之间，像一级级天然的台阶。由此形成的一道道高低错落的瀑布，宛如白练腾空，非常壮观的。

让我们继续向纵深行进，四处林深叶茂，大家请注意，您已经走到珍稀动物经常出没的地区。也许就在不远处有一只体态粗壮的金丝猴，也许会有一群善于奔跑的羚羊、憨态可掬的大熊猫、或许是一只行动敏捷的小熊猫，总之你会看见珍稀的国宝或是稀有的动物。

雪峰插云、古木参天、平湖飞瀑、异兽珍禽……九寨沟真是一个充满诗情画意的人间仙境，欢迎大家来九寨沟，希望大家再来，如果我说的有什么缺点，请指正。

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello! Welcome to Chengde summer resort. Located in the north of ChengdeCity, the summer resort is an existing classical Royal Garden in China.

The summer resort is a symbol of the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong in QingDynasty. As the founders of the villa, Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south ofthe Yangtze River for six times, traversing the beauty of the scenery in theworld. In the construction of the summer resort, the advantages of many familieswere learned, and the style of Chinese north and south gardens was integrated,so that the summer resort became the summary and sublimation of Chineseclassical garden art. Chinese garden experts say that the whole summer resort isthe epitome of the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland. Why doexperts say that? I think ladies and gentlemen will answer this question aftervisiting the summer resort. However, I would like to remind you that the reasonis related to the topography of the summer resort. (the tour guide adoptssuspense method to stimulate tourists interest in sightseeing)

Ladies and gentlemen, the summer resort is here. Please get out of the car.Now Ill show you her style.

(outside Lizheng gate)

Ladies and gentlemen, the antique door in front of us is the main door ofthe summer resort, which is called the Li main door. It is the entrance of theQing emperor. The palace gate is three rooms wide, with two floors up and down.There are three square door openings in the lower layer, and a city platform anda que tower in the upper layer. You see, there is a stone plaque on the top ofthe middle door. On it is the "Lizhengmen" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong inManchu, Tibetan, Han, Uygur and Mongolian. It symbolizes that our motherland isa unified multi-ethnic country.

There are two stone lions on both sides of the door to show the majesty ofthe emperor. There is Yudao square in front of the gate. The road is paved withblue stones. There are stone tablets in the East and west of the square, onwhich are engraved in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese characters:"officials wait to dismount here", so we call it dismount tablet. There is a redscreen wall to the south of the square, separating the Royal Garden from theoutside world. It is said that there is a golden rooster flying from Jiguanmountain in Hongzhaobi. In the dead of night, if you tap Zhaobi, the GoldenRooster will chirp. If you want to make a textual research, please come here atnight to listen. OK! Today, I invite you to be the "emperor" and go in and feelthe life of the emperor.

(inside the main entrance of Li)

Please look to the right. On the mountain in the distance, there is a hugestone pillar standing up from the sky, straight into the clouds. It is thick onthe top and thin on the bottom, which is very similar to the hammer used forwashing clothes. We Chengde people call it Bangchui mountain, and Emperor Kangxinamed it "qingchufeng". During the construction of the summer resort, this sceneis skillfully used to integrate the inside and outside of the resort, expand thesense of space, and create a new artistic conception. This is a successfulexample for the designer of the resort to use the garden art of "borrowingscenery". People who come to Chengde usually go to the mountain to touchBangchui mountain, because there is a popular saying in Chengde: "if you touchBangchui mountain, you can live one hundred and three years." If you areinterested, you may as well go up the mountain tomorrow to have a touch. It mustbe very interesting.

The palace in front is the place where the Qing emperor "worked and lived"in Chengde. Now Chengde people call it the summer resort Museum.

(in the exhibition room)

The first picture that comes to our eyes is the complete picture of thesummer resort, which is the full picture of the peak period of the Qing Dynasty.Summer resort, also known as "Rehe Palace", "Chengde Palace". It startedconstruction in 1703, the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi, and was completed in1792, the 57th year of Emperor Qianlong. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty,several emperors came here almost every year to spend the summer and deal withgovernment affairs, usually in April and may of the lunar calendar, and returnedto Beijing in September and October. In fact, the summer resort has become thesecond political center of the Qing Dynasty. The whole villa covers an area of5.64 million square meters, which is about twice the size of the summer palacein Beijing and eight times the size of Beihai. The villa can be divided intopalace area and garden scenic area. The palace area is composed of four groupsof buildings: the main palace, songhezhai, Wanhe SONGFENG and Donggong. Gardenscenic area is divided into mountain area, Lake area and plain area. Themountain area is wide, accounting for more than 70% of the total area of thevilla. The villa is the essence of the national garden, with the characteristicsof Nan Xiu Bei Xia. There are 90 pavilions, 29 dykes and bridges, 25inscriptions on cliffs, more than 70 groups of rockeries and stones, more than120 groups of buildings such as temples, halls, temples, pavilions, towers andpavilions, with a total construction area of more than 100000 square meters.

The 36 scenes named after four words by Emperor Kangxi and the 36 scenesnamed after three words by Emperor Qianlong are known as "72 scenes of summerresort". Emperor Kangxi praised it as "the north pole with its own mountains andrivers, and the natural scenery is better than the West Lake." The palace wallof the villa is about 10 kilometers long. Because it looks like the Great Wall,we Chengde people affectionately call it "little Great Wall". Outside the palacewalls are the Royal temples built in imitation of the famous temples of allethnic groups in China. These temples are semicircular around the periphery ofthe villa, forming the trend of the stars and the moon, symbolizing that allethnic groups in the country were closely around the ruling center of the QingDynasty at that time. With the passage of time and the change of dynasties, thesummer resort has gone through many vicissitudes. After the founding of newChina, the villa has been reborn. Now it is a well preserved and large-scaleRoyal Garden in China, a world cultural heritage and a famous tourist attractionat home and abroad.

(coming to the second exhibition room)

Most of the pictures on display here are pictures. This picture of autumnMulan is eye-catching. Mulan, which means sentinel deer in Manchu. The way towhistle deer is that before dawn, soldiers sneak into the mountain forest,wearing deerskin and antlers, whistling at the mouth to imitate the call of amale deer. Autumn is the season for deer to mate and group. In this way, thefemale deer can be drawn out for shooting. "Means hunting in autumn. Thispicture is painted by Xinglong a in Qing Dynasty. It depicts the hunting sceneof the emperor more than 200 years ago. You may wonder why the emperor of theQing Dynasty led a large group of people to hunt here for thousands of miles.Because after the emperor of the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, the fightingcapacity of the Eight Banners who were brave and good at fighting in historybegan to decline. Some of them fled, some wounded themselves, sometimes oneperson was injured, and many people escorted them, in order not to go to thefront line. Emperor Kangxi realized that it was urgent to improve the quality ofsoldiers and consolidate the northern frontier. In this situation, EmperorKangxi personally led the Eight Banners out of xifengkou and went north toinspect, and set up a Mulan paddock for the purpose of practicing martial artsin Suiyuan.

The establishment of Mulan paddock was the product of the friendlyrelationship between the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and TibetanNationalities. It closed the relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetanareas and the Central Plains, strengthened the exchanges among the Manchu,Mongolian, Tibetan and Han nationalities, consolidated the northern borderdefense, and was conducive to resisting the invasion and expansion of tsaristRussia. The annual hunting lasted about 20 days each time. The emperorpersonally led officials of various government departments and eight banners ofManchu and Mongolian to participate. In order to meet the needs of a largenumber of people, accommodation, rest, savings and the emperors handling ofgovernment affairs, more than ten palaces were built from Beijing to thepaddock. Rehe is located in the middle of this northern patrol route. FromBeijing to here, the memorial ceremony is coming day and night. Moreover, theclimate here is pleasant, the scenery is beautiful, and the water and grass areabundant. So Kangxi decided to build a large palace here, which is Rehe palace.In this regard, Qianlong had a very clear saying: "our emperor built this villaoutside the Great Wall, not for his own travel in Henan, but for theconstruction of the world.".

History shows that the establishment of the autumn festival and the summerresort achieved the Emperor Kangxis political goal of "combining the internaland external heart and forming a solid career". Now lets look at this pictureagain. It can be divided into two parts: the imperial camp and the huntingground. The imperial camp was the place where the emperor lived and dealt withthe government affairs, and the hunting ground was the place where he actuallyhunted. When hunting, there was strict organization and discipline. After thesoldiers disguised as deer led the deer out, the sergeants gradually reduced theencirclement to the level of people side by side and horses with ears, but theycould not shoot at will. At this time, the emperor first came out to shootarrows, and then the princes, ministers and soldiers shot in turn. The pictureshows a deer hunting scene. Please follow me.

This second gate is called "Yue shoot", which is the place where theemperor watched the archery competition between the emperors son and hisgrandson. There is a plaque on the top of the door, which is written with fourgold-plated characters of "summer villa". It is the imperial pen of EmperorKangxi. This plaque is extremely beautiful and eye-catching. Perhaps you havefound that the word "avoid" in this summer resort is written one morehorizontal. Is it Emperor Kangxis mistake, or is there another reason )Thisgentleman (young lady) is right. It turns out that in the Qing Dynasty, when thetwo characters "Bi" were used at the same time, either way of writing wascorrect. This is a variant character phenomenon. Here Emperor Kangxi wrote itfor the sake of pursuing the beauty of calligraphy.

The two bronze lions on both sides of the gate are majestic. Speaking ofthese two bronze lions, there is a touching legend! It is said that during theAnti Japanese War, the Japanese invaders occupied Chengde and plundered it. Oneday, a group of Japanese soldiers found that the two bronze lions were beautifuland priceless. They wanted to take them away, but they were too heavy to carrythem. So they went to find tools separately. All this makes the old people inthe nursing home look in the eyes and feel pain in the heart. He thought thatthe bronze lion was the treasure of the country, and it must not be taken awayby the Japanese soldiers. He had an idea. He immediately got pig blood from thevillage and smeared it on the lions eyes. When the Japanese soldiers found thetools and came back, they found that the lions eyes were red, and they allcried blood. They were all stunned. They were afraid that moving the lion wouldbring them bad luck, so they ran away in a panic. This pair of nationaltreasures has been preserved until now. Now the pair of bronze lions have becomemascots in peoples minds. If you want everything to go well, dont forget totouch it.

承德导游词英语作文3

Dear friends

Hello! Today we visit Pule temple. Pule temple, commonly known asyuantingzi, is another royal temple built by Emperor Qianlong after PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. It covers an area of 24000 square meters with the eastfacing the West and the central axis facing the summer resort. The first half ofthe architecture of Pule temple is the traditional "Jialan Qitang" style of theHan temple, and the second half is the Tibetan form. The main building of thetemple, Xuguang Pavilion, imitates the praying Hall of the temple of heaven inBeijing. The layout of the building is different from that of ordinary temples,which breaks the pattern of traditional temples facing south. In the East, it isadjacent to the chime hammer peak, and in the west, it is opposite to the summerresort. It echoes with the Puren temple, Anyuan temple, Puning Temple, XumiFushou temple, Putuo Zongcheng temple, etc. in the eight outer temples, forminga pattern of stars holding the moon and bowing to the summer resort.

(in front of the Mountain Gate of Pule Temple)

Now we come to the gate of Pule temple. There is a pair of stone lions infront of the door. You see how well preserved they are. In the middle of themountain gate, there is a stone plaque inscribed with "Pule Temple" written byEmperor Qianlong in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan Languages.

(entering the Mountain Gate)

The first thing you can see when you enter the mountain gate is the belland drum towers on both sides of the north and the south. Its function is thesame as the bell and drum towers of Puning Temple. I will not repeat ithere.

You see, there is a five room hall with a single eaves on the top of theplatform. Under the central eaves is a Yunlong plaque written by EmperorQianlong. In the center of the hall is Maitreya Buddha with a big belly. He hasa fat head and a big cheek. He is happy with his eyebrows and smiles. It seemsthat he is welcoming us. On both sides of the cloth bag monk are clay statues ofthe four heavenly kings.

The four heavenly kings, 8.38 meters high, are in sitting position. Thoughthey have been living for 200 years, they are still resplendent and magnificent,ranking second to none in the country. Behind Maitreya Buddha stands WeituoBuddha. Weituo is the Dharma protector of the Buddha and one of the EightGenerals of the southern growth heavenly king, ranking first among the 32generals (each of the four heavenly kings has eight generals). It is said thatwhen Sakyamuni Buddha came to Nirvana, the evil spirits took away the remains ofthe Buddha, and Weituo chased them in time and tried hard to recapture them.Therefore, Buddhism regards him as the God to expel evil spirits and protectBuddhism. Since the Song Dynasty, Chinese temples have worshipped Weituo, knownas Weituo Bodhisattva. They often stand behind the Maitreya Buddha statue andface the main hall to protect the Dharma and help monks.

(in front of Zongyin Hall)

When we enter the second courtyard from the Tianwang hall, we are presentedwith a hall with seven wide faces and five deep faces, with double eaves andglass tile roofs on Xieshan mountain. This is the main building of the temple"Zongyin hall". Zongyin means that Buddhism is the unchanging truth. In thecenter of the main ridge of Zongyin hall, there is a yellow glazed tile Lamatower, about two meters high. The base of the tower is xumizuo. The tower iscomposed of Chenglu pan, Xianglun, sun and moon. On both sides of the pagoda areinlaid with eight ornaments for Buddhas offering: wheel (Dharma wheel), snail(Buddhas sound is widely spread), umbrella (protecting all Dharma), cover(Buddhas power), lotus (not contaminated by worldly customs), vase (virtue isperfect), Pisces (freedom and liberation), pan Chang (Buddhist doctrine runsthrough all the time). In the center of the hall, there are three Buddhas: thepharmacist Buddha in the Oriental glass world, the Sakyamuni Buddha in theChinese dancing world, and the Amitabha Buddha in the Western Paradise. Thereare eight wood carved Bodhisattvas on the stone Xumi seats on both sides of thethree Buddhas: Manjusri, Vajrayana, Avalokitesvara and King Tibetans in theSouth; Puxian, Maitreya, void Tibetans and removing dirt and obstacles in thenorth. They are called eight Bodhisattvas. The eight Bodhisattvas are of thesame size. They are all carved in wood and painted in gold.

There are five auxiliary halls on each side of Zongyin hall. The Nanpeihall is called "Huili hall". In the hall, there are statues of Buddha, Vajrawith horse head, Vajra with subduing part and Vajra with anger. They are pink,blue, red, three heads and six arms, with human skin on the back and tiger skinskirt around the waist. The backlight behind is a five color flame, which issaid to represent five kinds of "wisdom". The north side hall is "Shengyinhall". Inside the hall is dedicated to the inner achievement of Vajra hand, theouter achievement of Vajra hand and the secret achievement of Vajra hand. It issaid that these three Buddhas are the images of Sakyamuni when he preached thesecret Dharma, and are the secret incarnations of Sakyamuni. So its also called"secret master".

(Shangcheng)

Dear friends, we now come to the "city" in the eastern half of Pule temple.The city is actually a Datura entity. Mandala is a transliteration of Sanskrit,translated as "Tan" or "Daochang". This is the place where the lamas practice,observe and teach the secret law. In order to prevent the invasion of "demons",the tantric sect of Lamaism drew a circle or built a high altar on the practicesite, on which the Buddha, Bodhisattva or scroll were placed. Only in this waycan we get the protection of Buddha and Bodhisattva and not be disturbed by the"demons".

The city is divided into three layers: the outer layer is a group of squarehouses. There are doors on all sides. Facing the west is the main gate, which isthree rooms wide and one room deep, with a single eaves resting on the top ofthe mountain. There is a Qianlong stele built in the gate hall. It is inscribedwith Qianlongs stele of Pule Temple written in Manchu, Han, Mongolian andTibetan Languages. The construction of Pule temple is not like that of PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. In view of specific historical events, EmperorQianlong felt that there was still a large space to be used from Puning Templeand Anyuan temple to the area of qinghammer peak. In order to make the overallrational layout of the temples around the summer resort, he built this temple."Pule" is derived from Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" in which "the worries ofthe world come first and then the happiness of the world come later". On bothsides of the original square courtyard, it has 72 single-layer Gallery room, nolonger exist.

The second floor is a square stone platform with battlements on the brickwall. A stone arch is built in the center of the platform, and there is acorridor between the arch and the gate hall. In the middle of the West arch,there is a stone plaque of "shewei Xianxiang" written by Emperor Qianlong, whichmeans that it is the same as shewei state, showing auspicious scenery. There arestone pedals on both sides of the arch leading to the bottom of the platform.The arches on the north and south sides are closed, with Buddhist painting axeshanging inside. There is a small hall at the exit of the pedal road from thepedal road to the top of the second floor platform. There are eight Lama pagodaswith the same shape and different colors in the middle of the four corners andfour sides of the top. The pagoda is divided into five colors: yellow, black,purple, green and white. These five colors represent the "five elements" ofland, water, fire, wind and air in Lamaism. The five color pagoda symbolizes thefive color land (the land of Chinas Kyushu is five colors), which means thatunder the heaven, is it the kings land. The eight pagodas are divided intoeight directions and serve as the merit towers of Sakyamunis "eight greatachievements" (Buddha, becoming Tao, turning the wheel of Dharma, manifestingsupernatural powers, benefiting the world, transforming monks, thinkingimmeasurably and entering Nirvana). It symbolizes the long-term and stable ruleof the Qing Dynasty.

The square stone platform on the third floor is surrounded by stonerailings. In the center of the platform is the main building "Xuguang Pavilion"in the second half of the temple. It means facing the rising sun in the East.This is a round pavilion with double eaves, yellow glazed tiles and a pointedroof. Its shape is the same as that of the praying Hall of the temple of heavenin Beijing. 12 eaves columns and 12 gold columns support the double eaves domein two layers. The square platform and the round roof show the ancient Chinesecosmology with a round sky and a round place. The building on the round stoneXumi seat in the center of the hall is called "Mandala", which is athree-dimensional "Mandala" model in China.

The nine palace grid on its base is made of 37 pieces of wood, representing37 kinds of knowledge of Sakyamuni. In the middle of the mandala, there is adouble bronze statue of the king Buddha of shangle. Shangle King Buddha, alsoknown as Shengle King Buddha, is also called "Huanxi Buddha". It is also named"Deqiao" and is one of the original Buddhas of Tantric practice of Lamaism.Tantric school advocates practicing secret law, that is, practicing through "thedoor of convenience" (yoga) to become a Buddha. King Buddha of shangle is theincarnation of King Buddha holding wheel, representing wisdom. Mother Buddha(female image) represents meditation. Only with "both wisdom and tranquility"and "both meditation and meditation" can one become a Buddha. The combination oftwo bodies is like the wings of a bird and the wheels of a car. Only in this waycan one become a Buddha, which is another form of cultivation in TantricBuddhism.

The top of Xuguang Pavilion is decorated with exquisite dragon troupe andPearl caisson. The carving is exquisite and glittering, which has high artisticvalue. come

(in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

Dear friends, now we are in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism. Thisis the gate hall on the north side of the city. Originally, there were 21 groupsof rooms beside the square gate hall. Now only the gate hall is left. Except forthe west gate hall, the other nine gate halls have been turned into exhibitionrooms.

Esoteric Buddhism, also known as esoteric Buddhism, originated in the latestage of the development of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient India, and has obviouscharacteristics compared with Xianzong. 800 years after Sakyamunis death,Buddhism was divided into Buddhism and Buddhism. Academia believes that EsotericBuddhism is the product of the combination of Mahayana and Brahmanism after the7th century. It was introduced by Indian master rinwatson in the early 8thcentury. He fought many times with Bon witches in secret law. Every time hedefeated some Bon witches, he declared that some stupid God had been subdued andnamed him the protector of Buddhism. The tantric Buddha statue of TibetanBuddhism is unique, which is not only the precious wealth of religious art, butalso the treasure of human body statue art in the world. Lets have a lookhere

Apart from the modern clay statues, they are all originally preserved inthe temple, which is hard to see in other temples.

What are the differences between Tantric Buddhism and Buddhism? There arethe following points: first, Tantric Buddhism takes Sakyamuni as its leader andattaches great importance to theory, while Tantric Buddhism praises theTathagata and pays attention to matters; second, Tantric Buddhism advocatespreaching Buddhism, meditation, enlightenment and self-cultivation, whileTantric Buddhism attaches great importance to inheritance, truth and mantra inorder to become Buddha; 3、 Xianzongs Classics mainly include scriptures, laws,precepts, and theories. In addition to tantric, there are eulogy, praise,Dharma, mantra, rituals, yoga, and seal of contract. Fourth, Xianzong has fourkinds of prestige: walking, living, sitting, and lying. In addition to tantric,it also needs to contemplate, follow the teachers instruction, abide by ritualsand practice procedures.

Tantric cultivation can be divided into four steps: Shimi, xingmi, yoga MIand supreme yoga MI. Master zongkaba, the founder of the Yellow religion,stipulated that the order of practice should be first obvious and then secret.Only the living Buddha who has obtained the degree of gexi in Tibetan educationis qualified to practice Esoteric Buddhism, which is passed on by master Vajraand practiced in the upper and lower esoteric schools. The practice of TantricBuddhism is accompanied by the imperial concubine Ming. Therefore, most of thetantric statues are double figures of men and women, which are called "joyfulBuddha" or "joyful heaven". Each of these statues has a Buddhist story orlegend, so they are three-dimensional fables of Buddhism. Because the joyfulBuddhas are all naked, they are men and women, so some people mistakenly thinkthat "joyful" refers to the sexual pleasure of men and women. In fact, these twowords mean fearless, angry spirit, transcending life and death, and gainingjoy.

(in the second exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

One of the most influential Buddhist statues of Tantric Buddhism is thebronze "King Kong of great power, virtue and terror" in the second exhibitionroom. He was a man and a woman, with nine sides, thirty-four hands and sixteenfeet. The nine faces represent the nine Sutras of Mahayana, the two hornssymbolize the two truths, the thirty-four hands with body, the thirty-sevenmeaning, the thirty-seven Bodhi Dharma, the sixteen feet symbolize the sixteenemptiness, and the combination of men and women symbolizes the great happiness.On the left and right, eight feet step on eight things and eight birds,symbolizing "80% of the Department" and "eight freedom". Nudity and nirvanasymbolize "no dust". Anger and uprightness symbolize "wonderful way". As for thejoyful Buddha image, there are such legends in sibunayega Dharma and JapaneseTantra of dongmi: the woman is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva. With herbeauty, she subdued the king who believed in Brahmanism and made him theprotector of Buddhism. This kind of saying is completely out of the secularattachment psychology. It is a difficult realm for ordinary people to reach todeeply study the essence of Tantric cultivation. It is to break the ignorance,cultivate the good root and obtain the right consciousness. There is amysterious veil about the true meaning of Tibetan secrets. No wonder we cantunderstand it. However, the artistic charm of these superb human figures isamazing to every tourist.

Also on display in the exhibition room are the prison master King Kong,riding sheep to protect the Dharma, joyful King Kong, auspicious HeavenlyMother, shangle King Buddha and so on. Please enjoy it freely.

Although Pule temple is a Lamaist temple, there is no Lama in it, but it isguarded by eight banners. This is the place where the Kazakh, Uighur, Kirgiz andother ethnic upper class people who come to the summer resort to worship theQing emperor pay homage and live.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour guides explanation of Puletemple. Short time together, eternal memory, in your heart, my heart left a goodmemory. I remember a song like this: "when we surpass our dreams, we need toface them sincerely, let our life savor this moment, and let the years rememberthis time.".

Dear friends, goodbye!

大家好，欢迎来到世界遗产——九寨沟风景区。先介绍一下我自己吧：我是九寨沟风景区旅游公司的导游之一，大家可以叫我“小铭”。非常荣幸能为大家服务，希望在我的陪伴下，能让您度过愉快的一天，也能让您真正感受到九寨沟风景区的美丽景色。

九寨沟位于省阿坝藏族自治州九寨沟县漳扎镇，是白水沟上游白河的支沟，以有九个藏族村寨而得名。九寨沟海拔在20xx米以上，遍布原始森林，沟内分布198个湖泊，有“童话世界”之誉。

九寨沟主景长10余公里，面积有6万多公顷，主要由岷山山脉中呈“Y”字形分布的日则沟、则查洼沟、树正沟三条沟谷构成；其九寨沟主要景点分布在树正、日则、则查洼三条沟内。沟内可分为五大景区：树正景区、日则景区、长海景区、宝镜崖景区和原始森林生态景区。大家猜一猜：哪个景区最好玩呢？……嗯嗯，大家说的都有可能，等会儿自由活动结束以后，我们再一一去浏览吧！接下来我们继续介绍：九寨沟所有景点之间都可以通过观光车穿梭，也可以通过贯穿的栽道步行游赏。大家再猜一猜，我们用的是哪一种浏览方式呢？……对了，我们现在用的是第二种方式——步行欣赏。在不同的地方，可以发现九寨沟不同的迷人的魅力，成为中外游客向往的神奇“梦幻世界”。

好！现在是自由活动时间，请大家注意安全，小心脚下的台阶！半小时后我们再在这里集合，如果有想上厕所的，请跟我来……

好！时间到了，集合了！下面我为大家介绍一下几个主要的景点：首先，我们要参观的景点有这四个：树正群海景区、日则犀牛海和诺日郎瀑布。因为临时通知说把长海景区、宝镜崖景区和原始森林生态景区换成了犀牛海和诺日郎瀑布，在此，我诚恳地向大家道个歉，希望大家能够原谅！虽然景点换了，但是优美的景色还是无处不在哦！

首先，我们来到树正群海景区参观。树正群海景区是九寨沟秀丽风景的大门。树正群海沟全长18.3公里，共有各种各样的湖泊40余个，40多个湖泊犹如40多面晶莹剔透的宝镜，顺沟叠延五、六公里。树正群海由大小不一的19块海子所组成，大家看！19块海子就如19块碧绿的翡翠镶嵌在这深山幽谷之中，中间由绿树、银色的小瀑布相连，就如给树正带上了一条翡翠项链。海子、浅滩、棱桥、瀑布、磨坊以及转经房，正合“小桥、流水、人家”中的意境，构成了一幅恬静、纯朴的田野画面。现在，大家可以开始拍照留念，给大家20分钟时间，20分钟以后我们再在这里集合。

好，时间到！接下来我们到日则沟参观。日则沟景区里有一个珍珠滩瀑布，这瀑布犹如一面巨大晶莹的珠帘，从陡峭的断层垂挂而下，置身于这流球飞玉的滩中，真有“滚滚银花足下踩，万顷珍珠涌入怀”的感受。大家在之后的旅途中可以尽情拍照，小铭就不提醒大家了！

接下来，我们要参观的是美丽的犀牛海。它是树正沟内最大的海子，也是九寨沟内景色变化最多的海子，其倒影似幻似真，与天地、树木连成一体。

最后，我们要参观诺日郎瀑布。诺日郎瀑布的特点在于雄伟。宽达300米，落差20米的瀑布呈多级下跌趋势，是游客们最钟爱的取景点之一。

今天，我们就游到这里。祝大家一路顺风，旅途愉快！