我国肉鸡产业发展问题调研报告_调研报告_网
我国肉鸡产业发展问题调研报告
经过二十多年的快速发展,目前我国已是世界第二大禽肉生产国。然而,与此地位不相符合的是我国禽肉出口量仅为生产量的3%左右,典型的生产上的“巨人”和出口上的“矮子”。美国、荷兰、土耳其、澳大利亚等国饲料原料价格较低,设备先进,大规模饲养成本比我国低20%~30%。1996年,欧盟禁止我国禽肉产品进入其市场,使我国失去了欧盟市场3~4万吨的冻鸡产品份额;而日本也一再对中国肉鸡采取歧视性采样检查,以限制中国廉价肉鸡对其国内的冲击。我国肉鸡产品的年增长率从1996年的14%陡降为XX年的4%,预计再有10~15年的时间,中国家禽业便可全部与世界接轨,而肉鸡业首当其冲;肉鸡业显然面临极大的挑战,肉鸡生产中的许多问题亟待解决。
1肉鸡品种、品质
我国肉鸡生产量虽居世界第二位,但主品种多为“舶来”的快大型白羽肉鸡如艾维茵、双a
等,中国本地品种较少。在白羽肉鸡育种、饲养生产等方面,我国与世界先进国家相比弱势明显,表现在生产成本过高和鸡肉的安全性等方面。随着我国加入wto,进口关税的大幅削减,外国廉价鸡肉势必大量涌入,给国内的快大型白羽肉鸡生产造成更大压力。
2饲养管理水平低
我国的肉鸡养殖基地主要在农村,因此,饲养的基本条件、饲养管理技术和人员素质与发达国
家相比差距较大。肉鸡是在特定的条件下定向培育成的快速生长型禽类,要求在高度集约化生产状态下进行养殖。所以,在肉鸡生产中必须要人为地为其创造良性的生态环境,满足生长发育的需要。但我国农村肉鸡生产中,缺乏合理而又规范化建筑的鸡舍,没有良好的隔热材料,缺乏降温系统,缺乏机械通风设施等。这些都是造成鸡舍高温、高湿、空气不流通,而导致疫病发生的原因,直接影响到肉鸡的品质。另外饲养管理缺乏规范化的技术措施,如消毒程序和消毒方法、空气净化、限制饲养和光照程序等往往不能正确执行,有些养殖户随意操作,构成对鸡群健康的威胁,造成较高的发病率。这些都是鸡体携带诸多病原微生物的主要原因。
3药残超标
当前我国鸡肉出口受阻的关键问题之一是药物残留超标或含违禁药物。由于肉鸡饲养周期短、密度大、发病率高,在饲养过程中不得不使用大量抗生素预防疾病,这导致我国鸡肉药残事件屡屡发生,降低了我国鸡肉在国际市场的信誉。这主要是源于我国政府部门对这一问题的源头———兽药生产、经营企业的管理监督不力所致。我国现有多家兽药生产企业,良莠不齐,而美国仅有1000多家,且均达到gmp标准。
4疫病种类多
中国肉禽业受沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、新城疫等诸多疫病困扰,而且我国养鸡行业几乎每两年新增一种疾病。而农村养鸡户在疫苗的选择、使用、保藏上不加注意,往往造成免疫失败,更加重了疫病的流行。诸多疫病的广泛流行以及农村养鸡户自身知识所限,导致治疗及时,使中国肉鸡业经济损失巨大。此外,也为中国鸡肉的出口造成障碍
更多相似范文
篇1:我国食品安全工作总结
今年上半年,xx街道在区委、区政府、区食安办的领导下,认真组织开展辖区食品安全各项工作,取得了显著成绩。现将有关工作总结如下:
一、加强领导,落实责任
上半年,街道认真贯彻落实《食品安全法》和上级关于食品安全管理工作文件和会议精神,认真开展食品安全管理工作。街道成立了食品安全委员会,由杨映玫副书记任街道食安委主任,执法队、xx市监所、xx派出所领导兼任副主任,街道各部门、社区、股份公司负责人为成员,统筹街道食品安全管理工作的组织、协调、督导等落实。辖属9个社区工作站、3个股份公司也相应设置了食品安全管理人员,协调开展食品安全工作。
上半年,街道按照市、区政府食品安全工作部署,结合实际,制定了食品安全管理工作计划和一系列的监管措施,真正做到食品安全管理工作组织领导落实、排查整治落实,形成了齐抓共管的长效监督机制,为本辖区食品安全专项整治工作得以顺利开展打下了良好的基础。
二、全面完成家禽“集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市”改造工作任务
4月份以来,街道认真贯彻落实市、区政府关于开展家禽“集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市”工作的文件精神,在辖区内加快推进家禽“集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市” 改造工作。
经过不懈努力,目前本街道已全面完成家禽“集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市”改造工作任务【据统计:①家禽经营档从业人员转岗共6个档;②家禽档口改造共29个档;③家禽档口转营共29个档;④目前正在经营光禽档有2档口(新一佳超市、吉之岛)】。主要工作举措:一是成立专项工作领导小组,督导统筹组织整个工作的开展。二是结合辖区的实际,落实切实可行的监管措施;三是召开专项工作动员会及有关职能部门工作协调会,明确各个职能部门的职责和分工,及时总结分析前期专项工作的成效和经验教训,对下一阶段专项工作作出相应举措。四是组织相关职能部门到各家禽零售市场设置及经营档位指导升级改造工作的开展。
街道重点加强在社区肉菜市场、购物超市、住宅小区的宣传科普力度,深入宣传家禽“集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市”的目的意义,做好对经营户、消费者的宣传解释工作,营造更好的食品消费环境和社会氛围。
街道专项工作领导小组先后16次深入到辖区各社区家禽光禽经营市场、“城中村”市场、自发市场、小超市等督导检查,对于工作中部分家禽经营者提出的实际问题,一一作出说明解释,打消了市场方及经营者的疑虑。
街道联合多部门加强对社区家禽光禽经营市场、城中村市场、自发市场、小超市等的专项工作管理。组织街道行政执法队、xx市场监督所联合执法,加大市场超市巡查力度,依法查处违法经营活禽的行为。截止目前,街道未发现有重大违法违规行为现象,为专项工作开展提供有序的保障。
三、大力开展食品安全检查整治专项行动
上半年,街道加大食品安全监管力度,打击各种食品安全的违法行为。专项行动主要有:
1、春节前夕,街道组织开展对喜荟城购物广场食品安全检查活动。xx市监所介绍了辖区餐饮单位评级的基本情况,同时就创建食品安全示范街工作遇到的问题做出了汇报。喜荟城相关负责人表示大力配合创建工作。检查中发现的一些问题,现场提出了整改意见。
2、春运期间,街道组织辖属安监、市监、公安、消防、东乐社区工作站等部门对汽车客运站春运期间食品安全工作进行了实地督导检查。对客运站提出春运期间食品安全工作一些问题,已协调相关部门予以解决。
3、3月,街道组织市监、安监、综合执法等部门在布心中学校园周边联合开展食品安全专项检查整治行动。检查组对布心中学校园周边所有餐厅、小吃店及售卖袋装零食门店、报刊亭的食品安全、消防安全等进行了检查。对发现的一些可能的食品安全隐患,街道要求职能监管部门加强跟踪,确保安全。另要求加强与学校的沟通,加强学生的教育培训,引导学生不到无证照食品经营单位及流动摊贩处购买食品(据统计:这次行动共出动执法人员24人、检查门店15家)。
4、4月,街道组织街道安监科、xx市监所联合行动,对位于梧桐山社区横排岭村水厂后面一无证照豆腐加工“黑作坊”进行取缔查处。执法人员当场依法对该“黑作坊”违法行为立案调查,对加工工具依法扣押,并对加工场所进行了取缔查封(据统计:这次行动共出动执法人员12人)。
篇2:2024年是建军第96周年!八一建军节思想汇报怎么写?
敬爱的党组织:
八月一号是建军节,今年是建军第96周年,作为一名入党积极分子我感慨良多。
回顾89年辉煌历程,在中国共产党领导下的人民军队之所以能够从无到有、从小到大、从弱到强,从一个胜利走向又一个胜利,战胜一个个艰难险阻,跨过一道道沟沟坎坎,靠的就是科学理论的正确指引。在科学理论指引下,人民军队在艰难困苦中发展壮大。89年前,当南昌起义、秋收动乱先后遭遇挫折,起义部队面临生死存亡之际,毛泽东为把以农民为主要成分的军队建设成无产阶级性质的新型人民军队。一部人民军队的发展史,就是在毛泽东军事思想指引下不断成长壮大的历史。这些科学理论贯穿着一条耀眼夺目的“红线”,就是伴随着历史进程,不断推进的中国化的马克思主义军事理论。它犹如一面伟大的旗帜,引领着人民军队披荆斩棘、阔步前进。
在走过了辉煌但艰辛的建军历程之后,中国人民解放军最终在党的领导下,巩固了实力并且得到了很大的发展。现在中国人民解放军已经发展成为我国乃至是世界上极具战斗力的军队,是中华人民共和国的武装力量,是全心全意为人民服务的人民军队。
在科学理论指引下,人民军队走上中国特色精兵之路。20世纪七八十年代,和平与发展代替革命与战争成为时代主题,我国进入了改革开放新时期。人民军队面临着如何在长期和平环境中进行革命化现代化正规化建设等一系列新问题。
在科学理论指引下,人民军队步入跨越式发展道路。20世纪90年代,以信息化为标志的新军事变革迅速兴起,战争形态开始由机械化战争走向信息化战争,中国的改革开放也进入全面建设社会主义市场经济体制的新阶段,人民军队建设环境发生了重大改变。
在科学理论指引下,人民军队驶入又好又快发展轨道。新世纪新阶段,人民军队迎来了进一步发展的重要机遇期。站在时代发展和战略全局的高度,提出了以科学发展观为根本指导方针,履行新世纪新阶段我军历史使命,推动国防和军队建设又好又快发展的思想。围绕大力加强军队思想政治建设、积极推进机械化条件下军事训练向信息化条件下军事训练转变、坚持国防建设和经济建设协调发展等重大课题,作出一系列重要论述,进一步深化了对国防和军队建设发展规律的认识。
在科学发展观指引下,人民军队全面建设取得了令人瞩目的新成就:思想政治建设进一步加强,军事训练扎实推进,后勤改革成效显著,高技术含量的武器装备获得长足发展,体制编制改革稳步推进,适应信息化战争需要的新型军事人才茁壮成长,军队与国家、社会的协调发展日益推进,人民军队全面建设驶入科学发展轨道。
89年辉煌历史告诉我们:只有在科学理论指引下,人民军队才会有正确的前进方向;只有在科学理论指引下,人民军队才会有强大的精神支柱;只有在科学理论指引下,人民军队才会始终充满生机活力;只有在科学理论指引下,人民军队才能肩负起神圣的历史使命。伟大的事业需要伟大的理论,伟大的理论成就伟大的事业。在纪念建军96周年之际,回顾人民军队发展壮大的历程,我们更加坚信:一支在科学理论指引下的人民军队,必将所向披靡、无往不胜!
即使现在还身为学生的我只能了解我们党的军队的发展和成就,但这同时也表达了我对成为党员,为人民服务的决心与觉悟。我虽然还是一名学生,但我会努力学习,学有所成,将所学运用到社会主义建设上来,为发展出力,这也是在间接的为人民服务。所以我现在就会以党员的标准要求自己,树立正确的人生观、价值观,把为人民服务当作自己的责任与义务,踏踏实实学习,勤勤恳恳工作,努力成为合格的建设者和接班人。在此恳请党组织指正批评。
此致
敬礼!
汇报人:
日期:xx年x月x日
篇3:读书改变了我国旗下讲话稿_读书改变了我讲话稿
以前,我是一个不爱看书的小孩子,妈妈硬拉着我看书,我也不愿意看,实在不能不看的情景下,我就坐在书桌旁装模作样的简单翻几下,简单的浏览一下就出去玩了。妈妈很不高兴,每当妈妈问我为什么不想看书的时候,我的理由仅有一个,就是读书太枯躁,太没有意思了!可是,自从那次我从书柜中无意间抽出一本书时,我改变了对书的看法。
那本书叫《小香咕软软的心事》当我读了它的第一句时,我就喜欢上了这本书,我每一天都手不释卷的读着这本书,我被故事情节深深的吸引了,有了这本书我就忘记了吃饭,忘记了睡觉,每一天废寝忘食的阅读着…,读完这本书,我又在好朋友的推荐下爱上了《查理和巧克力工厂》这本书,这本书的故事生动趣味,引人入胜。我读的如醉如痴,故事中的查理乖巧听话,勤劳勇敢,我下定决心生要向查理学习。读完这本书刚好是我的生日,妈妈问我想要什么礼物。我毫不犹豫的回答:“我想要一套罗尔德.达尔的书。”就这样我有了《女匹》、《独闯天下》、《魔法手指》等系类的图书。从此我爱上了阅读。
就这样,阅读改变了我。阅读开阔了我的视野,拓展了我的知识面并且使我变安静了,我爱阅读。
篇4:建军95周年慰问信
公司全体复转军人:
你们好!值此中国人民解放军建军95周年的光辉节日即将到来之际,特向你们致以节日的祝贺和亲切的慰问。
忆往昔,你们响应党和国家的号召,参军入伍,为祖国的军队建设和国防事业做出了积极的贡献;复转到晋通公司后,你们顾全大局,服从安排,立足本职岗位作奉献,为公司的发展和建设发挥了重要作用。对此,向你们表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢!
衷心地希望你们继续发扬军人的优良传统和作风,重视团结,为促进晋通公司的长远发展再作新的贡献。
祝同志们节日快乐,身体健康,工作顺利!
此致
敬礼!
20xx年x月x日
篇5:我国期货交易所合约[页5]_合同范本
(7)合约数量的限制:
任何会员拥有或所控制的所有帐户某一月份合约数量的累计总数不得超过500个以上的净多头或净空头,而所有月份合约数量的累计总数不得超过2000个以上净多头或净空头。
最后十个交易日不得拥有100个以上的投机合同或200个以上套期保值合同。
以上数量限制经理事会或风险管理委员会特许可适当放宽。
(8)最后交易日:合约月份前一个月的最后一个营业日为最后交易日。
(9)合约的修改:交易所必要时对合约的内容可作修订。
2.03 交货:
(1)交货方式:a.fob离库装船交货 b.库内转移 c.fob铁路装车 d.管道输送卖方将汽油从油库交越买方船只的船弦(以双方连续连结的法兰盘为界),法兰盘以上的岸上费用和风险则由卖方承担。法兰盘以下至船一侧的全部费用和风险由买方承担。
(2)交货地点:交易所核准的交割仓库。
(3)交货原则:除执行本合同的规定各项条款外,必须遵守国家和有关部门的法律、法规和条例。
(4)同意接货和交货的通知
买方应在合约交割月第一个交易日14:00前向交易所递交同意接货的通知书,内容应包括以下几点,以供交易所匹配选择。
a.买方单位名称 b.数量 c.拟收货方式 d.拟收货地点
(5)卖方必须在合约交割月份的第一个交易日14:00前,向交易所递交同意交货的通知书,包括以下内容:
a.卖方单位名称 b.数量 c.拟交货方式 d.拟交货地点 e.其它资料
买卖方的通知书中c.d.项目必须明确填写,否则,由交易所进行搭配。买卖方必须受其搭配结果的约束。
(6)交易所配对交割
交易所在接到买卖方的通知书后,必须于第二交易日16:30前将配对结果通知双方。
a.根据买卖方提交的拟交货方式、地点,本着双方均能接近的和经济合理的交货地点和方式配对,尽量减少交割方、交割点,同时参照现行有关部门规定的流向限制。
b.在具体执行中,依据下列原则进行配对,以地点、方式为优先,如地点、方式相同时,则以合约数量大者为优先;在数量相同时,再以交、接货时间先后为优先的配对原则。
c.买卖方接到结算交割的配对通知后,如有不同意见,可进行协商、更改和调整,并将更改和调整的意见在第三个交易日12:00前报交易所。协商不成也必须在第三个交易日12:00前向交易所提出,同时提请结算交割委员会仲裁,这一裁定是最终的,买卖双方均受约束。
d.在这以前,买卖方就交货地点和时间等问题达成一致意见,遵循下列原则:
i.fob离库装船(车)的交货时间由买方确定。ii.卖方提出在非注册仓库交收,则贴水应对买方有利为原则;如买方提出在非注册库交收,则贴水或升水应对卖方有利为原则。iii.库内转移或管辖交货的时间由买卖方协议。
e.在非注册仓库的交收,关于价格的升水或贴水应由买卖方自行协议,也可参照结算交割委员会的通知的原则执行。
(7)预备交货通知
卖方必须在交货月份的第三个交易日14:00前向买方提交一份完整的通知(格式由交易所统一规定),内容应包括:
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篇6:我国食品安全工作总结
食品安全工作是关系到人民群众身体健康的大事,特别是各学校、幼儿园食堂及学校周边的餐饮单位的食品安全更是食品安全工作的重中之重。我镇先后为72家餐饮单位(饭店46家,早餐11家,职工食堂3家,学校餐厅2所,幼儿园食堂10所)办理了餐饮服务许可证,从业人员148人办理了健康证,保证了食品安全工作健康有序的开展。下面我就全镇20xx年食品安全工作开展情况汇报如下:
一、健全网络,构筑食品安全保护组织领导体系
今年我镇针对工作人员变动情况,年初调整成立了食品安全工作领导小组,成立了以镇长为组长、分管领导为副组长,食品安全督管所、工商所、兽医站、卫生院、派出所、司法所、中心学校、安监站等部门负责人为成员的领导小组,镇食品安全协管员由卫生院院长担任,明确了41个村各有一名信息员,制定了工作计划,保证了食品安全工作的有效实施。
二、广泛宣传,营造良好的食品安全工作氛围
抓好食品安全工作,宣传教育是前提。今年以来,我们根据我镇实际情况,按照贴近生活、贴近群众的要求,深入餐饮饭店、校园、农户、农民合作社中间进行食品安全宣传,同时集中开展重大节日食品安全宣传活动,张贴标语300条,悬挂横幅4幅,印刷材料1200多份,发放到餐饮单位和群众手中,使加强食品安全的意识更加深入人心。
三、加强监管,切实做好当前餐饮服务食品安全工作
我们根据**区食品药品监督管理局的工作要求,采用定期与不定期相结合的检查方法,确保检查质量。今年两次月由领导小组成员,协调卫生院,对每一家餐饮单位,通过查证、验证、办理健康证、现场检查环境卫生、制作间及进货台账等方法,要求各餐饮单位严把进货渠道关,严禁使用地沟油、违规食品添加剂,做到防蝇防鼠。特别是把**学校、**学校和10处幼儿园,作为监管重点单位,采取季度检查与不定期检查相结合,一旦发现食品安全问题,随时提出整改意见。通过我们认真细致的检查,今年以来镇域范围内所有餐饮单位没有食物中毒事件发生。
四、突出重点,全面排查餐饮服务食品安全隐患
针对夏季及节假日、中考期间餐饮服务食品安全的特点,制定有针对性的解决措施,将各类隐患消灭在萌芽状态。镇食品相关部门安排执法人员对容易诱发食品中毒事故的重点区域、重点单位、重点时段、重点品种进行专项检查,特别是对学校(幼儿园)食堂、企业食堂、学校及旅游景区周边餐饮单位包括学校周边小餐馆的监督检查加大力度。
五、严格执法,依法查处违法违规行为
严格按照《食品安全法》及其实施条例、《餐饮服务食品安全监督管理办法》的规定,严厉查处违法违规行为。对检查出的餐饮服务食品安全薄弱环节和突出问题,责令其限期整改,对性质恶劣、后果严重的案件,将加大处罚力度,对学校周边、旅游景区无证经营的餐饮单位坚决予以取缔。对学校(幼儿园)食堂的检查将严格落实四个一律:凡未开展食品安全自查的,一律予以通报批评;凡管理制度不落实的,一律限期整改;凡未取得餐饮服务许可或不具备许可条件的,一律不得供餐;凡存在违法违规行为的,一律从严从重惩处。
六、抓好应急,妥善处理食物中毒突发事件
我镇高度重视餐饮服务食品安全应急处置工作,实行属地管理,餐饮单位在哪个村由哪个村具体负责,完善餐饮服务食品安全应急预案,加强应急管理,落实责任,居安思危,有备无。一旦发生食物中毒突发事件,要密切配合监管部门,控制现场,妥善处置,不得漏报、瞒报事实真相,不得蓄意隐藏、毁坏相关证据,否则将按照相关法律法规从严惩处。
总结回顾今年来的工作,在上级领导和各部门的正确指导和市区人大代表的关心监督下,我们将日常监管和抓好专项整治相结合,将抓好整治宣传和健全长效机制相结合,使整个食品安全工作取得良好局面。但依然还存在一定的问题:一是食品企业监管点广,监管力度不够,加之监管人员少等原因,致使食品质量监管的精细化水平不高,存在一定安全隐患;二是饭店分布比较松散,交通不慎便利,给我镇食品安全监督造成了一定阻碍;三是食品安全监督时间紧迫,进行专业的培训学习不够,需要进一步提高专业人员业务素质。
下一步工作打算:
1、完善食品药品安全工作责任制,理顺监管职能
坚持“谁许可、谁监管、谁负责”的原则,明确各部门食品药品安全监管责任,进一步理顺监管职能,完善综合协调和执法联动机制,统一组织协调跨环节、跨行业的联合执法、监督检查和集中办案行动,逐步形成各负其责、相互配合、反应敏锐、无缝对接的食品药品安全监管格局。
2、抓好专项整治,规范食品市场秩序
认真总结监管工作经验,进一步查找监管工作中存在的薄弱环节,针对群众关心的热点问题,找准监管工作突破口,主动出击。
3、加强宣传教育,营造良好氛围
采取多种形式开展各种活动,利用集市宣传和发放宣传材料,加强对《食品药品安全法》等法律法规和食品药品安全知识宣传,逐步提升食品生产者、经营者和广大消费者的食品药品安全责任意识,强化食品药品安全的社会监督,延伸食品药品安全监管链条。以《食品安全法》为重点内容,对广大群众、食品从业人员开展多形式、多层次的宣传培训,不断增强群众的食品安全意识和自我保护意识,强化食品生产经营者的守法意识和自律意识,为食品安全工作营造良好的社会氛围,奠定坚实的群众基础。
4、强化监管措施,确保镇域食品药品安全
加大监督力度,定期配合相关部门进行检查,积极配合市区督察组进行集中整治,并对部分小摊点进行规范和办证,定期抽查食品质量,努力做好食品安全示范创建工作,强化对重点区域、重点环节和重点时段的整治,切实强化监管措施,保证食品市场安全。继续推行食品药品安全信息公示制度,全面提升经营业主自律性。进一步实施食品卫生监督量化分级管理、索证索票、购销台账、原材料备案等管理制度,从源头上防止假冒伪劣食品进入市场。组织专项整治行动,坚决查处有碍食品药品安全的违法行为。严格规范城镇无证餐饮管理,实施餐饮服务临时许可证试点,遏制无证无照经营势头。
5、创新管理机制,整合资源
依托镇内资源,成立食品药品监督管理领导小组,负责本镇食品药品安全监管工作及行政审批资料初审工作,帮助办理审证验证及相关手续;实行食品药品安全责任制度,谁管辖谁负责,签订目标责任书,确保责任到位,工作到位。对药品管理实行镇卫生院院长和监管所领导小组进行定期检查,确保药品进货渠道正常,保证就医无假药。建立本镇餐饮服务单位档案,及时掌握各餐饮单位情况,使食品药品监管工作常态化、制度化、规范化。确保我镇人民群众食品、药品安全工作,使我镇食品、药品安全工作再上各新台阶。
篇7:我国景点英文版导游词_导游词范文_网
下面几篇范文是我国的景点英文版导游词,感兴趣的不妨看看怎么写吧,欢迎阅读借鉴,希望你们喜欢。
北京故宫博物院英文导游词
hello, everyone,
we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.
the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.
a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.
the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.
the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.
what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.
as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.
upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.
this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.
in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.
behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.
we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.
behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.
further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.
the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.
the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.
北京天安门英文导游词
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.
In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.
On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.
Tian’anmen Square
Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.
Around the Square are several famous buildings:
1 The Great Hall of the People
This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.
2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution
These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:
1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);
2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);
3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);
4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)
The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.
3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes
the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.
On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.
At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:
1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:
2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;
3) The Revolution of 1911;
4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;
5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;
6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;
7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;
8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.
4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum
Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.
The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.
Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.
In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.
On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.
Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.
河源苏家围英文导游词
The Sujiawei Hakka Village Tourism Zone is a must for tourists who are interested in the Hakka culture and customs.
Bordering Dongjiang River in the north and Jiushe River in the south, the village is located in the Heshui Township, 26km away from the city of Heyuan.
Today the village is described as a “picturesque village in south china”, featuring old trees and houses, wild lands, bamboos and fresh air. Also it has a profound cultural history and is said to be the habitat of descendants of Su Shi, who also known as Su Dongpo, a famous Chinese literate in Northern Song Dynasty. Hence All people living in the village now are surnamed “Su”.
It also provides some performances for travelers to get a better known of Hakka culture such as their wedding customs. You can take part in the producing lines of making bean curd, wine or oil; or enjoy yourself in activities like fishing, swimming and boating.
The first spot we encounter is the Yingqing Bridge, where has a panoramic view of Sujiawei. The bridge is a place to welcome all families, relatives and friends.
Here is purple perilla park. The purple perilla can be used as medicine to cure cold, or purple dye or cooking. The origin of this park is as follows: one day one of Su Shi’s offspring passed by this place, he dreamed five old men pointed a big tree and told him it is perilla tree. When he woke up, he found this place is full of perilla, and the environment is quite beautiful, so he thought the old men would like he move the Su clan here. So after he came back, he always mentioned this dream to his late generations. To fulfill his this dream, over 700 years ago, the Su clan moved here and Sujiawei started its story.
From this purple perilla park to Pool lips estate, is gallery of Hakka villages gender culture, which shows the Hakka people’s moral ideas and customs, they think everything has two opposite extremes like negative and positive. In Hakka dialect, have a boy baby is named “tian deng”, the same pronunciation as “add a lantern”. So in Chinese lantern festival, any family which has a new boy baby will hang a big lantern in their ancestors’ shrine.
Later we will visit Sugong Shrine Yongsi Hall, Guanghua hall, Su school and Yi Jiang temple. You may find the Hakka architecture is well preserved here. These ancient buildings are square flat houses with dark blue bricks and roof tiles that belong to the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest house, Yongsi Hall, was built in 1481 in memory of Su Dongshan, the eighth-generation descendant of Su Dongpo and as a place for the villagers to worship their ancestors and discuss important affairs.
Now we walk along the Dongjiang river and enjoy the Hakka folk music. At the riverside you see bamboo everywhere. Su Dongpo loved bamboo, he once said “I can eat without meat, but I can not live without bamboo. No meat to eat only makes me thin; but live without bamboo makes me vulgar”!
Walking so long time, are you a bit tired and thirsty? Let’s go to Her Workshops to taste Hakka traditional snacks and tea. There are tea leaf, sesame, peanut, red jujube and longan in the tea. Do you taste them?
Ok, after a break, we go to experience traditional Hakka wedding performance. If you are lucky to be chosen and act as the bridegroom, you will be invited to the stage and join their show.
The village also preserves many slogans printed on the walls during 1950s to 1970s, which are silent witnesses to Chinese modern history.
Do you see the big bamboo hats holding by bamboo sticks in line? It is farm four seasons gallery. On the bamboo hats marked farming planting and harvesting dates and festivals.
Finally we have 15-minutes free activity in the countryside vegetable fields. You may like farmers to pick fruits, vegetables you like in the fields.
篇8:读书改变了我国旗下讲话稿_读书改变了我讲话稿
尊敬的老师、亲爱的同学们:
大家早上好!今天我国旗下讲话的题目是《做一个快乐的读书人》。
我在课外阅读中看到这样一则故事:我国著名文学家鲁迅先生早年在南京江南水师学堂读书时,因考试成绩优异,学校奖给他一枚金质奖章。由于当时家里已日渐窘困,没钱买书,鲁迅就忍痛拿着奖章到鼓楼大街把它卖了,买回几本心爱的书和一串红辣椒。每当读书读到夜深疲倦时,他就摘下一只辣椒,分成几片,放在嘴里咀嚼,直到额头冒汗,困意消除时,就又捧起书来阅读。鲁迅先生为什么如此酷爱读书呢?那是因为,读书是一件快乐而有意义的事!
人生的快乐在于不断地追求,独立于天地、自然之间,徜徉与书的海洋,独享拥有整个世界的乐趣。拥有了书,就像拥有了良师益友,享受他们的无穷快乐。你不可能在现实生活中结识世界上所有的伟人、大师,但通过读书,就有可能。歌德说:“读一本好书,就是和许多高尚的人谈话。”翻开一本好书,闻着淡淡的墨香,与李白一起欣赏唐朝的月亮;与苏轼一起领略“大江东去,浪淘尽”的豪放;与俄罗斯文学巨匠一起踏着西伯利亚纷飞的大雪„„上下几千年,纵横几万里,穿越时空的隧道,与伟人们一起分享精神的盛宴,这是一种多么美妙的情形啊!
书是我们的良师益友。《雷锋日记》让我们明白奉献的一生最美丽;《老人与海》中那位坚强的老人让我们肃然起敬;《钢铁是怎样炼成的》使我们知道人活着的真正意义。读书不仅能增加知识,丰富学问,还能提高修养,陶冶情操。是读书,让我们知道了祖国悠久灿烂的文化;是读书,让我们看到了科技的迅猛发展;是读书,让我们懂得了做人的道理,是读书,让我们知道了什么是光荣和耻辱„„
现在,我们有这么好的学习条件,有这么好的读书环境,怎能不好好珍惜呢?黑发不知勤学早,白首方悔读书迟。同学们,让我们从现在开始,珍惜来之不易的读书环境,与书本为伴,与伟人为友,在知识的海洋中畅游,做一个快乐的读书人吧!
我国旗下的讲话到此结束,谢谢大家!
篇9:我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策本科开题报告_开题报告_网
论文题目:我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策
论文语种:中文
您的研究方向:审计
是否有数据处理要求:否
您的国家:中国
您的学校背景:国内一般重点大学
要求字数:10000
论文用途:本科毕业论文 bachelor degree
是否需要盲审(博士或硕士生有这个需要):否
补充要求和说明:参考文献不少于2本著作和10篇论文,其中至少有1篇外文文献,另文中引文应用是标注来源,作者等
我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策开题报告
1.研究背景
纵观经济发展历程,商业银行在金融市场中发挥重要的作用,也是国家经济体系中重要的金融机构,并且成为国家整个经济的枢纽,商业银行的经营状况将关系到整个经济状况,而银行经营主要是风险的经营,其作为专门经营风险的机构,将面临巨大的经营风险。
2.能遇到的困难及解决措施
本文主要研究我国商业银行信贷风险及审计对策。由于涉及一些事务性的资料,需要从我国商业银行获取,而这些资料也是商业银行重要的资料,所以有可能会面临一些困难去获取一些相关资料、数据等。为此,我会去中国一些商业银行进行调研,访问相关专家和学者,查找相关文献等,获取相应的信息和资料。
参考文献
[1]renneth.spon. banking lts purpose: regulation implementation, and effects[m],.
[2]冯懃,章科燕.国有商业银行不良资产问题的探究—构建股权激励制度[j].北方经济,(2).
[3]李金玲.论我国商业银行信贷风险产生的原因及对策[j].现代商业,(3).
[4]李雷卡。我国商业银行信贷风险内部控制评价研究。湖南大学硕士毕业论文,.
[5]刘胜军,王琨.商业银行信贷风险管理[j].商业经济,(7).
[6]马博.商业银行信贷风险浅议[j].现代经济信息,(3).
[7]石露。我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策。现代经济信息。.1.
[8]石小军。《商业银行信用风险管理研究—模型与实证》[m],人民邮电出版社,XX年1月。
篇10:我国食品安全工作总结
为了确保学校食品安全、卫生工作落到实处,杜绝食品安全、卫生事故发生,维护教育大局稳定,推动学校各项教育活动健康发展,确保学校长治久安与学生健康成长。我校在6月做了食品安全活动。现汇报如下:
一、组织领导与制度建设。成立了以王鹏飞为组长,唐建国、赵永安和黄海坡同志为副组长的食品安全卫生工作领导小组;建立各项食品安全卫生管理制度,并制定相关预案。
二、食品安全卫生宣传教育。我们采用了升旗仪式安全会议和各班主题班会对学生进行食品中毒和厌食挑食等教育。通过这些教育发现有些学生在食堂吃饭剩饭少了,对学生的生活习惯还是有良好的影响。
三、学生食堂管理。1、内外环境。食堂周边环境要求卫生、安全无害,食堂内部环境要求整洁、规范,无老鼠、苍蝇、蟑螂及其它有害昆虫,地面无污物,屋顶无蛛网。2、房屋与设施。食堂内部各操作间相对独立,布局合理;3、食堂食品卫生。采购食品及原材料索证,有食品采购登记帐册;采购的米、面、油、调料、菜等做到不过期、变质,对过期变质的食品及时清理,不采购 “三无”食品;储存食品分类、分架、离地存放;4、炊事人员。上岗者保持个人良好卫生习惯,穿戴清洁工作服、帽,无留长指甲、在食品加工和销售场所吸烟等不良卫生现象。
通过这次食品安全宣传活动,我们学校领导、教师及全体学生高度重视学校食堂的安全工作,在这次活动中觉得食堂还是有些不足,个别学生还有浪费粮食的现象,吃饭时还有说话的习惯。我相信在以后的管理上我们会加强管理,加强教育,让我们学校的食品安全更可靠更放心。
篇11:我国食品安全工作总结
各企业提升食品安全监管水平。自专项整治行动开展以来,我们所共查处食品类案件1,其中共查处食品无照经营户1,查处劣质奶粉案件,销售冒牌酒,罚没款2。x元,案值1。x元。
一、统一思想,明确职责。
我们认真学习、深刻领会周金伙局长关于“十条措施”和市局七项制度的要求,充分认识食品安全是关联人民群众切身安全利益和社会安定的大事,在中秋、国庆期间节日市场食品安全专项整治的基础上,进一步加强对食品安全整治工作的部署和落实,结合省局的“十个提升”要求,强化对食品安全整治工作的督促、检查和知道,确保市场监管重心下移,将食品安全监管工作纳入片区管理,加强日常巡查和监管,按照属地管辖原则和“五定”方案把食品安全监管工作层层分解、落实到每个岗位,做到任务到片区,职责到监管员。
二、加强重点,抓好落实。我们根据辖区实际,确定监管重点区域、重点市场、重点商品,按照“六查六看六打击”及“五个一律”、“五个一批”的要求,用心开展食品安全整治工作。在其他专项整治取得较好的效果的基础上,对粮食、肉类、水产类、蔬菜、水果、豆制品、奶制品、调味品等八大类日用消费品进行集中整治,加强对城乡结合部、边远山村和农村市场等薄弱环节进行监管,防止制假窝点,以次充好、假冒猥劣商品下乡转移,确保入市上柜食品的质量。
三、加强监管,抓好专项整治行动。
(一)开展中秋、国庆期间节日市场食品安全专项整治。
我们紧密结合20xx年红盾行动要求,切实加强中秋国庆期间节日市场的巡查监管工作。按照省局要求把食品安全和商标广告作为监管执法的重点,而重中之重是要突出抓好食品安全的监管,不折不扣地落实周金伙局长在省局食品安全监管工作会议上提出的“十条措施”。同时组织力量落实市工商局《中秋国庆节日市场食品安全专项整治同意行动方案》中各个阶段的工作,打出声威、打出形象、打出实效。在节前我们组织检查,共出动2x次,5车次,检查相关经营户3,查获三无月饼76块,过期调味品21瓶。
我们认真做好节日期间值班、政务请示、报告工作。我所节日期间实行24小时值班制度,认真受理消费者投诉。对值班人员严格要求,在岗在位、切实负责,确保通讯畅通。从9月27日至10月7日坚持每日报送制度,确保节日市场消费安全。
(二)贯彻省局关于“责令停业整顿”行政处罚措施加大对销售不合格食品违法行为的监管力度专项整治。
根据省局《关于适用“责令停业整顿”行政处罚措施加大对销售不合格食品违法经营行为的监管力度的通知》要求,为一发惩处食品违法经营行为,严格规范食品经营者的行为,加强流通领域食品质量监督管理,保护人民群众身体健康和生命安全,城关工商所现就适用“责令停业整顿”行政处罚措施,加大对销售不合格食品违法行为监管力度。
1、认真做好宣传工作,采取宣传栏、黑板报、宣传单等形式深入广泛宣传,利用礼貌学校与个私协会召开经营者会议,印发了200份宣传材料进行宣传。透过宣传,让广大群众参与到查处无照经营的活动中,构成对无照经营违法行为的高压态势,创造良好的执法环境。
2、我们成立了无照经营专项整治领导小组,以片区为单位,分片分组对片区的经营者进行开展治理整顿工作。首先用心发动建立群众线索,举报、反映无照经营的违法行为。其次分区域、有重点有计划地加大巡查力度。实行预警查处机制,发现无照经营的的先发催办通知书,超过期限未办理营业执照的,再由办案组立案查处。对已立案查处的无照经营户进行回访,督促其尽快办理营业执照。
3、在清理整顿无照经营活动中,按照市局“五个一律”、“五个一批”的要求严格执法,对无照经营食品类的经营者坚决取缔。城关所共出动25x次,检查41,共查获无照经营户1,依法立案查处1,罚款金额2。x元,发出178份催办通知书,补办执照率达10。
(三)治理“餐桌污染”实行商品质量快速检测工作专项整治
我们立足城关地区作为永春县的经济文化中心,共开展了有关的检查行动,出动3x次,检查有关个体经营户、企业7。对市、县局部署的需重点检查的商品进行严格监控,在城关农贸市场建立商品购销帐,实行信誉卡制度,同时进行检查,严厉查处仿冒知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢、企业名称的行为,仿冒伪造产地等质量标志的行为,严厉查处利用新产品上市节日促销,巨奖销售,营销策划等对商品进行虚假宣传的误导行为,严厉打击囤积居奇、哄抬物价、欺行霸市,扰乱和破坏粮油市场秩序的行为。如今年1月份,我局对城东街陈某的批发店例行检查的时候,在其仓库发现当事人冒用他人厂名厂址的“五粮液”酒40瓶,我们根据《产品质量法》对其违法行为进行处罚。
(四)粮食市场、陈化粮监管工作
我们按照“属地管辖”原则,按片区职责对辖区内的粮食经营者,粮食仓储进行检查。我们成立了粮食市场监管领导小组,会同粮食、质监、卫生、教委、建委等有关部门加强对粮食购销企业、个体加工作坊购进的粮食进行清查,发现涉嫌劣质大米立即就地封存,及时送相关机构检测。
我们按照“属地管辖”原则,按片区职责对辖区内的粮食经营者,粮食仓储进行检查。我们成立了粮食市场监管领导小组,会同粮食、质监、卫生、教委、建委等有关部门加强对粮食购销企业、个体加工作坊购进的粮食进行清查,发现涉嫌劣质大米立即就地封存,及时送相关机构检测。
(五)开展劣质大米、水果市场的专项整治
我们充分发挥工商联络员在监管网络的作用,密切关注消费者对大米、水果等质量的投诉状况,一旦发现线索立即跟踪核查,依法处理。检查严厉打击打蜡上色或使用有毒有害物质加工以次充好的劣质水果。坚决查处违法使用冒牌水果标贴的行为,加强对水果批发市场的追踪,深挖造假加工窝点。检查水果经营主体资格,坚决取缔无照经营行为。
四、强化服务意识,推行长效监管,确保执法服务双到位。
围绕服务当地经济发展这一大局,立足我所职能,结合辖区实际,用心探讨、制定各种长效监管措施,透过市场监管和行政指导相结合,促进了地方经济健康规范发展。
1、推行企业工商联络员制度,加强与企业的联络沟通。透过分行业、有计划地开展企业工商联络员的培训工作,扩大培训面,提高培训层次,力争今年在6以上的企业建立工商联络员。并以企业工商联络员为载体,把行政指导具体资料和措施贯穿到日常监管执法和服务中,推行各种工商专业指导。
2、建立了红盾维权网络,增强监管新力量,延伸监管服务触角。以辖区内已设立的洋上村红盾维权站、工业园区红盾维权站和新发超市、国泰商场、远大电器红盾维权站为基础,进一步完善维权站规范的日常监管制度和工作机制,拓展工作范围和职责,充分发挥其在服务企业、消费者、市场监督等方面的作用。同时加强对联络员的法律法规知识、工商业务知识及有关商品质量知识培训,用心培育“红盾维权站联络员”,拓展工商行政管理职能,扩大监管面和服务面。
3、用心开拓思路,探索服务企业新途径。以依托开发区建设管委会设立的县“探花山-榜德”开发区红盾维权站为阵地对企业的工商注册登记,商标使用注册、广告行为等进行指导,向企业带给各种注册、变更登记及年检表格。同时,探索由开发区建设管委会对新开业及变更、年检的企业进行地址勘察:工业园区企业在开业、变更登记及年检时,先由工业园区管委会指定二个以上的维权站成员进行现场地址勘察,勘察结果加盖工业园区管委会公章后,作为企业经营地址状况的有效证明文件,进一步方便园区内企业。
4、开展共建规范市场活动。进一步完善共建规范市场的各项规章制度,明确市场开办者、经营者、监管者等各自的职责和关联。指导、督促市场开办者履行商品安全第一职责人的职责,进一步完善商品质量管理制度和监控流程。并以点及面,引导经营者礼貌经商、诚信经营。
篇12:建军95周年慰问信
驻湘中国人民解放军、武装警察部队全体官兵,全省烈军属、残疾军人,军队离退休干部和转业、复退军人,民兵预备役人员:
在中国人民解放军建军95周年纪念日来临之际,谨向你们致以节日祝贺和亲切慰问!
过去的一年,在党中央、国务院的坚强领导下,全省上下认真贯彻落实中央一系列决策部署,加快促进“三量齐升”、推进“四化两型”,经济保持平稳发展,改革开放继续深化,两型社会建设步伐加快,人民生活水平稳步提高,社会事业全面进步;党的群众路线教育实践活动深入开展,坚持“转作风、解难题、抓关键、见实效”,着力解决“四风”突出问题,稳步推进政府职能转变,全省持续发展、和谐团结的大好局面进一步巩固。这些成绩的取得,凝聚着你们的辛勤劳动和汗水。
过去的一年,驻湘各部队认真贯彻主席“三个牢记”的强军要求,在全面完成军事训练、战备执勤、教学科研、国防后备力量建设等军事任务的同时,大力弘扬听党指挥、服务人民、英勇善战的优良传统,努力践行当代革命军人核心价值观,深入开展双拥共建、“双带双促”活动,积极参与抢险救灾、处突维稳、扶贫帮困、社会公益行动,特别是全省军民齐心协力,战胜了持续大范围严重干旱、强台风、山体滑坡等各种自然灾害,以实际行动展示了人民军队威武之师、文明之师的良好形象。全省烈军属、残疾军人,军队离退休干部和转业、复退军人,民兵预备役人员,保持和发扬人民军队优良传统和自强自立精神,不断拼搏进取,为全省改革发展和社会稳定作出了积极贡献。在此,谨向你们表示衷心感谢和崇高敬意!
20xx年,是贯彻落实党的xx届四中全会精神、全面深化改革的第一年,是全面完成“”规划的收官之年。我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,积极推动军地在经济、科技、教育、人才等领域深度融合,加快形成全要素、多领域、高效益的军民融合深度发展格局;继续深入抓好“拥军优属、拥政爱民”工作,广泛开展全民国防教育和双拥宣传,大力加强双拥文化建设,严格落实优抚安置政策,不断巩固和发展军政军民团结。希望你们继续保持和发扬军人本色,以更加坚定的信心、更加高昂的斗志、更加务实的作风,与全省人民携手共建小康湖南,为实现民族复兴的“中国梦”“强军梦”而共同奋斗!
篇13:我国期货交易所合约[页7]_合同范本
efp的协议报告须在成交当天报交易所,并按交易所规定的方法进行结算和交割。
2.05 选择性交货(adp)
合约的买方或卖方可以同交易所为其配对的另一方协议采用不同的方式交收,交货办法,在这种情况下,买卖双方共同办理由交易所规定格式的协议交货通知书,并在交货月份的二十五日前的一个交易日14:00前的任何一日将该通知送交交易所。在这以后交易所对方的各自义务和权利不再负责,但必须通过交易所办理结算。交易所在收到该通知书之后即将买卖方的保证金退回到各自的帐户。
2.06 违约责任
(1)违约是指买卖一方未能按合约规定履行自己的义务。
(2)其中迟期履约是指买卖一方或双方未能按本合约规定的日期履行义务。
(3)未履约部份的总金额的计算为未履约部份的数量乘以最后交易日的收市价。
(4)对迟期履约的责任方按以下标准向交易所交纳罚金。
第一日.罚金为未履约部份总金额的1%;
第二日.罚金为未履约部份总金额的2%;
第三日.罚金为未履约部份总金额的2%;
第四日.罚金为未履约部份总金额的2%;
第五日.罚金为未履约部份总金额的3%。
以上罚金累加计算。至第六日即视为违约,其责任方须交纳10%的罚金,具体实施办法由结算交割委员会制定颁布。
(5)罚金自结算交割委员会确认违约责任后五日内交纳,未按规定交纳者视为违章,交易所有权从其保证金中扣取,并给予处罚。
(6)违约方除向交易所交纳罚金外,在未得到对方当事人同意,仍应继续履约,并对因迟期履约而给对方造成的直接损失承担赔偿责任。
(7)其他违约情况及责任,依照国家法律和有关部门规定执行。
(8)双方对争议或索赔处理不满者可向交易所听证仲裁委员会申请仲裁。2.07 不可抗力
(1)不可抗力是指合约签订后,非合约任何一方的过失,而发生的不可预见、不可避免、无法克服的意外事故,如战争、动乱、洪水、地震等。
(2)当事人一主由于不可抗力的原因而不能履约时,应及时向对方通报不能履约或不能完全履约的理由,在取得有关主管机关证明后,允许延期履约、部份履约或不履行合约,并根据情况的部份或全部免于承担违约责任。
(3)当事人未及时向对方通报因不可抗力不能履行或不能完全履行合约的理由,造成对方损失的扩大,对损失扩大部份仍应负法律责任。
(4)不可抗力的未尽事宜,依照国家法律规定处理。
附:汽油质量指标(gb489-86)
┌──────────────────┬──┬────────────┐
│ │质量│ │
│ 项 目 │指标│ 试验方法 │
│ ├──┤ │
│ │70号│ │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│马达法辛烷值(mon)不小于 │ 70 │ gb503 │
共11页,当前第7页1234567891011
篇14:江西财经大学自学考试毕业开题报告:浅析我国会计行业管理现状及_开题报告_网
江西财经大学自学考试毕业开题报告:浅析我国会计行业管理现状及
论文语种:中文
您的研究方向:会计
是否有数据处理要求:否
您的国家:南昌
您的学校背景:江西财经大学自考本科
要求字数:600开题
论文用途:本科毕业论文
是否需要盲审(博士或硕士生有这个需要):否
补充要求和说明:开题报告700到800字,急需参考文献资料,论文提纲都已写好,就差正文和参考文献,不需要目录
江西财经大学自学考试毕业开题报告:浅析我国会计行业管理现状及对策
开题报告(选题研究的意义及主要内容):
选题意义:
当前我国的会计管理方面存在的许多纰漏,主要还是因为企事业单位对这方面的忽略,仍采用传统的家长制管理制度,对单位内部的会计人员不能加以控制,或对其控制存在误区。部分企事业单位只注重一些表面形式,制定一些可有可无的规章制度,希望用手册及大量的文件来实现会计管理。这种局限性的方式及想法,是由于他们认为会计管理工作的加强需要增设更多的岗位等人力物力资源。而这会加大成本,造成资金的浪费。总体来说,是企事业单位内部对会计管理的控制力度不够,意识不到它所带来的问题,放纵其发展。随着我国企业管理制度的不断完善和全球化趋势的加深,会计的管理必然会有长足的发展,也必将在我国经济建设的过程中发挥出重要作用。
会计行业管理是企业管理工作中一个重要的组成部分,是企业稳健发展的重要保障之一。但目前企业会计行业管理工作中,仍然存在着很多问题,严重制约了企业社会经济效益和经营管理水平的提高。因此,我们必须使用有效措施解决问题,从而使企业会计行业的管理工作稳步健康发展。
当前我国的会计行业管理方面存在的许多纰漏和缺陷,主要还是因为企事业单位对这方面的忽略,仍采用传统的家长制管理制度,对单位内部的会计人员不能加以控制,或对其控制存在误区。随着市场经济的不断完善,我国企业将获得越来越宽广的发展空间。企业会计管理是企业经营管理工作的重中之重,加强会计管理以及提高会计管理工作的效率,对企业的进一步发展具有着重要意义。
江西财经大学自学考试毕业论文指导登记表(一)
主要内容:
一、我国会计行业的法制建设与管理体系
(一)我国会计行业的法制体系建设
(二)我国会计行业的管理体系
二、我国会计行业管理现状
(一)会计行业管理中存在的问题和弊端
(二)会计行业管理的工作状态
三、针对我国会计行业管理存在问题的措施
(一)克服会计行业管理本身的局限性
(二)增强政府在会计行业管理中的行政职能
(三)致力于道德管理在会计行业管理中的作用
(四)规范健全企业会计制度建设
(五)提高会计人员的素质
篇15:我国期货交易所合约[页8]_合同范本
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│四乙基铅含量g/kg不大于 │1.0 │ gb377 │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│馏程: │ │ │
│ 10%馏出温度,℃不高于 │ 79 │ │
│ 50%馏出温度,℃不高于 │145 │ │
│ 90%馏出温度,℃不高于 │195 │ gb255 │
│ 干点, ℃不大于 │205 │ │
│ 残留量,%不大于 │1.5 │ │
│残留量及损失% 不大于 │4.5 │ │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│饱和蒸汽压 kpa(1) │ │ │
│从9月1日至2月29日 不大于 │ 80 │ gb257 │
│从3月1日至8月31日 不大于? │ 67 │ │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│实际胶质mg/100ml不大于 │ 5 │ gb509 │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│诱导期min不小于 │480 │ bg256 │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│硫含量%不大于 │0.15│ gb380 │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│腐蚀(铜片 50℃3hr) │合格│ gb378 │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│水溶性酸或碱 │ 无 │ bg259 │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│酸度mgkoh/100ml不大于 │ 3 │ gb258及注 │
│ │ │ (2) │
├──────────────────┼──┼────────────┤
│机械杂质及水分 │ 无 │ 注(3) │
└──────────────--------┴--─┴────────────┘
注:(1)1kpa=7.5mmhg。
(2)加铅汽油酸度按gb379方法测定。
(3)按gb511和gb260方法测定。
上海金属交易所规货合同
┌─────────────────┬────────────────┐
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篇16:关于我国学前教育“入园难、入园贵”的调研报告_调研报告_网
关于我国学前教育“入园难、入园贵”的调研报告
调查背景:
随着两会的召开,学前教育“入园难、入园贵”成今年武汉市两会的最大焦点。如何才能缓解武汉学前教育“入园难、入园贵”,带着这些问题,我做了如下报告。
★现状
随着我国经济社会的持续发展,我国的教育事业也取得很大的进步。但是,一个不容社会忽视的社会问题——“入园难、入园贵”则日益突出。关于这个我问题,我走访了一些适龄孩子的家庭,据家长们反映,大多数孩子入幼儿园很难。位于钟家村王女士表示,儿子三岁,想把孩子送到幼儿园上学,自己可以找个工作安心去上班,可是找了好几个幼儿园,都是没有找到,因而很发愁。为此我寻访了汉阳区钟家村几个幼儿园,然而却发现有点规模的幼儿园却少之有少,而一些知名的幼儿园则是人满为患,报名的人数与可以入园的人数之间竟然高达60比1,而费用竟然也高得离谱,与某些大学相比有过之而无不及。在调差的这些幼儿园中,有的幼儿园是专门为机关单位家庭子女而设,许多人想进都进不了也上不了。为此我还采访了幼儿园的工作人员,工作人员只是说这是园里的规定,都是机关单位家庭子女,非机关单位家庭子女,要很好的关系或者缴纳很高的赞助费,才能进来就读。关于其他的,工作人员不愿意作更多的透露。
其实上述现象只是整个中国学前教育的一个缩影而已,面对这样一个学前教育“入园难、入园贵”的社会问题,武汉应将发展学前教育作为重大民生工程,出台《武汉市学前教育三年行动计划》,建立健全政府主导、社会参与、公办民办并举的办园体制。
★原因
幼儿园布局失衡、结构不合理、优质学前教育资源匮乏;学前教育经费投入缺口较大,公办幼儿园收费偏低;公办幼儿园教师专业化水平不高,职后培训不足;普及城乡学前三年教育举步维艰,办园条件和教育质量难以保障;民办幼儿园无证办园难以根治,收费混乱,教育质量不高。这些都是出现“入园难、入园贵”的重要因素。其实入园需求的迅速增长,与近年来出现的生育高峰有很大关系。尽管学前教育发展很快,但仍然“跑”不过入园需求的井喷速度。
1:长期以来,学前教育的重要性并未引起人们的足够重视。
在一些地方,学前教育倍受冷落,举办学前教育的主要责任推向了市场,财政投入长期过低。而这些本就数量不多的经费又仅仅投向了少数示范幼儿园,由此导致学前教育资源总体规模不足与结构不均衡,这是造成“入园难”、“入园贵”的主要原因。
2:优质资源不足,家长“抢跑”心态严重
家长对优质特色幼儿园的迫切追求,以及“不让孩子输在起跑线”的攀比心理,使优质公立幼儿园和一些有知名度的私立幼儿园,成了家长们追棒的目标。优质学前教育资源不足、学前教育发展不均衡,是导致“入园难”的重要因素。
3:农民工进城,流动留守幼儿大量增加与人口出生高峰一样,非户籍适龄儿童的增加,也造成了巨大的入园压力。
随着城市经济社会的快速发展,外来人口不断流入而且难以预测,使本来就有限的学前教育资源出现短缺。
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篇17:我国期货交易所合约_合同范本
上海金属交易所 中国上海__年__月__日
____会员已于今日售出(购入)25吨(溢短2%)符合下列第3条规定的一号铜,价格为每吨__元,交割月份__。
本合约根据《上海金属交易所管理暂行规定》和《上海金属交易所商品期货交易规则》制订,由你方和上海金属交易所(以下简称交易所)作为当事方签订,你方接受本合约的所有义务与规定,并同意按下列规则履行责任。
为了保证合约的严格履行,你方必须在成交时向交易所交纳初始保证金。根据市场变化,当价格波动向不利于你方变化时,你方将被要求支付追加保证金,以弥补合约价格与结算价格之间的差额。如果发生任何你方不能履行上述义务的情况,交易所有权将你方所持有的所有或部分合约强制平仓以补偿由于你方违约造成的损失。交易所在采取上述行动时,并无任何责任和义务使你方减少或免受损失。如不足以抵偿损失时,交易所有权向你方继续追索。 一号铜的具体规定 1.质量:本合约中一号电解铜(整板或切割片板)的等级必须符合国标gb467-82、gb466-82的规定,铜+银的含量不小于99。95%,每块重量在30-150公斤之间。
所有的交货铜必须是上海金属交易所注册认可的一号铜,并附有生产厂的质检合格证。注册牌号清单见附件一。
2.结算:合约按《上海金属交易所商品期货交易规则》中的结算规则结算。
3.交货:本合约的一号铜必须在交割日按卖方选择的牌号和交货地点向交易所的核准仓库交货。在履行合约中所提供的指定仓库标准栈单的数量以25吨(溢短2%)或其整数倍开出。同一合约的货必须存放在同一仓库并是同一牌号和同一规格。所交货物必须是整板或切割片板,以达到货盘化的目的,切割片板的长、宽均不得小于整板的二分之一。捆扎包装每捆不超过2.5吨。标准栈单按上海金属交易所指定仓库标准栈单实施细则施行。
4.允许磅差:2‰。
5.交割月份:本合约的交割应于交易当月或其后的任何一个月,实施每月交割。
6.最小浮动价位:合约中的每吨铜的最小浮动价位为10元,或是其整数倍。
7.仲裁:由本合约引起的争端,如果不能协商解决,那么根据《上海金属交易所章程》提请交易所监事会仲裁。提请仲裁的当事者,应提出书面申请,并承认由监事会作出的书面裁决为终局裁决。
8.其它:本合约未提到的事宜均按《上海金属交易所管理暂行规定》和《上海金属交易所商品期货交易规则》进行处理。 南京石油交易所轻柴油标准合约 1.01 商品名称:轻柴油(gasoil)
定义:原油经蒸馏或其他加工精制的烃类液体燃料,运用于全负荷在1000-1500赫/分的高速柴油燃料。
1.02 期货合约的要求
(1)月份和时间:按交易所规定时间并在指定月份交货。
(2)交易的计量单位:以手计算,每一“手”为100吨。
(3)质量标准(见附表)。
(4)最小变动价格:每吨为2元人民币或每交易单位为200元人民币。
(5)合约的价格:南京港离岸价。
(6)每日价幅的限制:按风险管理委员会的通告执行。
(7)合约数量的限制:
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篇18:建军96周年慰问信
公司全体复转军人:
你们好!值此中国人民解放军建军96周年的光辉节日即将到来之际,特向你们致以节日的祝贺和亲切的慰问。
忆往昔,你们响应党和国家的号召,参军入伍,为祖国的军队建设和国防事业做出了积极的贡献;复转到晋通公司后,你们顾全大局,服从安排,立足本职岗位作奉献,为公司的发展和建设发挥了重要作用。对此,向你们表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢!
衷心地希望你们继续发扬军人的优良传统和作风,重视团结,为促进晋通公司的长远发展再作新的贡献。
祝同志们节日快乐,身体健康,工作顺利!
此致
敬礼!
20xx年x月x日
篇19:我国期货交易所合约[页9]_合同范本
│ 买入方(全称) │ 卖出方(全称) │
├────┬───┬────┬───┴──┬───┬────┬────┤
│ │ │ 数量 │ 价格 │ 金额 │ │ │
│品名规格│生产厂│ │ │ │交货地点│交货时间│
│ │ │ (吨) │ (元/吨) │ (元) │ │ │
├────┼───┼────┼──────┼───┼────┼────┤
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└────┴───┴────┴──────┴───┴────┴────┘
根据上海金属交易所规则,买卖双方自愿签订本合同,并全面执行下列条款:
一、质量品级:在上海金属交易所上市交易的铜、铝、铅、锌、锡、镍、生铁等的金属质量等级,一律执行《国家标准》。没有国家标准的,按《部颁标准》执行。
二、数量:本合同溢短技量允许范围为总量的±5%。
三、价格:本合同价格(元/吨)仅指交易所当日的、指定地点仓库的交易成交价。成交前发生的仓装、运输、保险等项费用均已包括在内。
四、结算、按交易所交易业务试行规则执行。
五、交货与验收:买卖双方均按成交合同标的收验、交货。卖方交货时,随附生产厂商的质量保证书。
六、交易保证金:本合同买卖双方均需向交易所缴纳保证金__元。合同执行后,保证金分别退还各方。
七、交易所手续费:交易手续费按成交金额的1‰收取。
八、争议仲裁:买卖双方就本合同内发生争议,由交易所协调,协调不成得向交易所申请仲裁。
九、违约罚则:买卖中发生违约时,交易所作为交易合同履约保证人,有权按交易业务试行规则执行罚处。
十、合同转让:本合同在交易所按规则转让时,应同时办理过户手续。
十一、附则:本合同一式二份,由买卖双方签名盖会员单位合同章后,由交易所统一保管。
上海金属交易所 买入方单位 卖出方单位
经办人: 经办人: 经办人:
┌──────────────────────────────┐
│ 本合同根据国家税务局 │ │
│中国郑州粮食批发市场粮油交易合同 │ 国税函发〔1990〕1573号文│
│ │ 暂免征收印花税 │
└──────────────────────────────┘
───┬───┬───┬───┬─────┬───────┬──────
产地│ 品名 │ 等级 │生产期│ 数量(吨) │ 价格(元/吨) │金额(元)
───┼───┼───┼───┼─────┼───────┼──────
│ │ │ │ 0 │ 0 │ 0
│ │ │ │ │ │
1.发证: 发货单位;
2.到站 收货单位:
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篇20:有关八一建军的节演讲稿
尊敬的首长,亲爱的战友们:
你们好!
今天是全军上下热烈欢庆的日子,是建军八十八周年,是八一建军节,今天是个隆重的节日。
今天我演讲的题目是《心系八一》我是在军旗下成长的一名战士,对于今天的到来,我是无比的激动,无限的感慨,人民军队在中国领导下,历尽XX年的风风雨雨。缔找造了一个新中国,这都是我军,一代代官兵的艰苦奋斗,无私奉献,勇于牺牲的伟大成果。
这支队伍也一直支援社会主义建设,我记忆忧心的一次是九八抗洪,那是我亲眼所见,那是在我的家乡,一名名战士,他们都不怕牺牲,拯救当地人民的生命与财产,这些生命财产,都是战士们用生命在洪魔手中夺过来的。还有2019年春天,一场突如其来的非典疫情,那是我亲生经历,当时涌现出了一大批,一大批抗击非典的尖兵,他们不怕被感染非典,在重要的交通地域,严格把守控制人口的流动。官兵们都深入一线进行抗击非典,在他们的支柱下。全社会万众一心,众志成城,将这场突如其来的非典打了下去,他们紧记党的教育,始终把人民利益放在第一位,就那怕是付出自己的生命,他们也毫无怨言。这支队伍,他爱人民,爱社会,就象孩子爱父母似的,深深的打动了我,激起了我当兵习武的斗志,把我这棵爱祖国的心推向了。
二十一世纪,全世界都有一个寄托和平这个寄托以落在我们的肩上,一往再前敢亮剑,联合军演以拉开帷幕,还有军事斗争准备的最后一年,在这个时候,我们要把老一辈革命英雄气节,拿出来,把我们腰中的剑亮出来,让我们永斗新的挑战,。将一切自然灾害和侵权主义都粉碎,军队因战争而存在,而为了和平更需要存在,因为我们都是和平的象征。一个国家、自有拥有了强大的军队,人民才有安稳的日子。在这个时候我们要强练自己的战技水平,随时付出。
对于我们这样一个偏远的山沟,我们的付出也非常重要,我们都是后勤保障兵,我们所管的都是战略储备物质,这些物质对于战事来说更是尤为的重要,就哪怕是和平年代,我更不能放松警惕,因为这些物质,如果流到社会上,那将会造成很坏的事件,给人民带来一种不安定,这样严重影响部队的声誉。做为一名保管员来讲,管好这些物质也是及其的重要,在管理当中,我们要严格提高物质的管理水平,认真做好收发管工作,要真正地让上级领导放心,这个任务交给我们是没错的。去年我们在两项活动中取得优异的成绩,受到两极军区的表彰和好评。在主任和政委的带领下,XX年上半年,我们的工作也迈上了一个新的台阶/上半年仅弹药的收发量就有多吨,安全,准确,无误充分受到政委好各级领导的好评。在这些成绩的面前,我们要不骄不超把下半年的工作抬上更高的的台阶。同时我们也要加强业务和科学文化知识的学习,为建立信息化军队打下基础。
虽然我以面临服役期满,但是我会更加严格地要求自己,把后面的工作干好,干优秀,退伍后我会自豪地说:我是一名后勤保障兵,是优秀的,我们要团结全库官兵用安全,稳定,无误来向党的xx大献礼。
服役期是有限的,但是八一在我心中是永恒的!永恒的!
谢谢大家!?