七夕节的由来英语翻译热门20篇

Hello， everybody，

大家好，

Im glad to meet all of you。

很高兴与大家相会，

Let me tell you a little bit about myself。

请允许我介绍一下自我，

Be patient with me， Im a little bit nervous。

我有点紧张， 期望大家多包涵。

My name is Louis。 Im reaIly excited to have the chance

我的名字叫路易斯， 有机会加入到李阳疯狂 英语的团队

to join the team here at Li Yang Crazy English。

我感到十分激动。

Im looking forward to getting to know all of you。

我热切地盼望着认识大 家。

I recently graduated from Harvard with a degree

我刚从哈佛大学毕业，

in political science。 My hobbies are watching TV

获得了政治学学位， 我的嗜好是看电视

and painting watercolors。 My favorite sport is volleyball。

和画水彩画。 我最喜欢的运动是排球。

Being the new guy here makes me feel a little bit out of place。

在那里我是个新手， 有点无所适从。

Im trying to remember everybodys name

我会尽力记住每个人的 名字，

so I wont embarrass myself by calling Mr。 Lee by someone elses

不至于张冠李戴而闹笑 话。

name。 If I do make a mistake， please forgive me。

如果真出了错， 敬请原谅。

Ive studied the reports of past meetings，

我学习了以往的会议记 录，

and Ive asked Mr。 Lee for his guidance。

也请教过李先生。

I hope that I can make a worthwhile contribution to the pany。

我期望我能为公司做出 卓有成效的贡献。

Thank you for your warm wele。

感谢各位的热情欢迎。

My name is --,Im 12 years old.I come from -- primary school.I think Im a kind and confident girl.I like all the subject that I will learn this year,and I try my best to lear English well all the time.

I like listening to pop songs and singing.Ive been learning dance for 4 years.I think these hobby will be good for my future.I got on well with my classmates and my teachers when I was in the primary school,Im glad to meet all the people in our class.Lets be friends!

Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. Im veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.

The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.

The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.

Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949,the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At thecost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people ofthousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then,the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands ofyears of wind, frost, rain and snow.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.

After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed fromthe Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei,Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces andautonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along theGreat Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and ninetowns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north ofBeijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall wesee now.

The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "JuyongWai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance ofGuancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now lets look at the wall of the GreatWall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow atthe top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.

Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.

From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuangsconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongestsection of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters andadministrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lushwith extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spotsin Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places ofinterest, such as Yang LIULANGs Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiyings dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also JuyongGuanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345.Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the couponsunder the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In theearly Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Taian temple wasbuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now thereare only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cuttingscriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which areimportant objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.

Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". Its about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnus husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.

In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldnt eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didntcover her body. She kept shouting "Im cold, Im hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone toarrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang wasfascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong".Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and hadan idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before shecould become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of hishusband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; andthe third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fanQiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, thefirst emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful MengJiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to thetomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her longcherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up andthrew herself into the sea.

At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Lets ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!

大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

长城是我们古代一项极为雄伟的防御性建筑，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横贯我国北部。婉蜒一万两千多里，故以“万里长城”闻名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。被专家学者们称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

中国最早修建长城是在公元前7世纪的春秋时期，最早修筑长城的国家是楚国。楚国长城在历史文献记载上称作“方城”，长度近千里。齐国也是诸侯国中修筑长城较早的国家，齐长城西起山东平阴，东入大海。是春秋时期长城中遗址保存最多的。

秦始皇于公元前220__年统一中国后，先修缮了秦、赵、燕三国北部的部分旧长城。并开始以“修万里城，筑万里人”的代价修建西起临洮、东到辽东，长达7000多千米的长城。从此万里长城巍然屹立于世界的东方，经历千百年的风霜雨雪。

西汉初期，为了抵御侵略和保护新开发的“丝绸之路”。修筑了西起新疆罗布泊，东到辽东，长达一万多千米的长城。这也是我国历史上最长的一条长城。

明朝建立后，面对蒙古和女真的威胁。从朱元璋开始就派大将徐达北上修筑长城。直到明朝灭亡，先后大修十八次，历时260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了东起鸭绿江边，西到嘉峪关。途经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多里的长城。并把长城沿线划分为九个防御区域，称为“九边九镇”。而且还在许多重要关隘地区，特别是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墙。这些就是我们现在所看到的八达岭长城了。

秦、汉、明三朝在历史上修筑长城的规模，相比其他朝代来讲是最大的。所以说在历史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、汉朝、明朝。

现在，我就来介绍一下八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京西北部的延庆县，是北京地区长城中保存最完好，工程质量最佳，结构最严谨的一段。这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十二楼，全长4770米。它是北京地区通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸关的前沿阵地。由此地东可到永宁、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延庆，四通八达，所以叫做八达岭。八达岭关城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。东西两门各有一块牌匾，东为“居庸外镇”，西为“北门锁钥”。关城入口处有一尊长2.85米，口径10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大将军”。现在请大家看八达岭这段长城的城墙。这段城墙上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。分别由四种基本构造构成。一、城墙，二、城台，三、关隘，四、烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连。顶部可容5匹马并行。烽火台又称烽堠、烽燧、狼烟台。它独立于城墙之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座，组成了万里长城的防御报警系统。

每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台就燃烽火，传递军情。白天燃烟称烽。夜晚举火称燧。又因为经常用狼粪做燃料，烟飘的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼烟”。而且，在明朝规定。来犯敌兵百余人点一烟放一炮，五百人左右两烟两炮，千余人以上三烟三炮，五千人以上四烟四炮，如果事万人以上，五烟五炮。

从八达岭一直向南，就是著名的雄关——居庸关了。居庸关是万里长城最有名的关隘之一，为古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修长城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是说把囚犯、和受过宫刑的人，抓到这里来让他们修长城。并且居住了下来。居庸关在汉朝时叫居庸塞，隋朝叫军都关。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明长城中最坚固的一段。这里既有军事指挥部、又有行政管理机构。古时的居庸关同样林木葱郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸叠翠”指的就是这里了。除此之外还有许多名胜古迹，象杨六郎的栓马桩、穆桂英的点将台、游龙戏凤的白凤冢等七十二处名胜。不但如此，而且居庸关中还有一座始建于1345年的汉白玉高台，人称云台。因台上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，台下为券门，故原称“过街塔”。明初佛塔被毁，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毁，现仅有柱础和望柱。内壁还留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6种文字篆刻的经文，是研究我国古代文字的重要实物。

说了这么多了，下面我给大家讲一个故事来放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭长城”。说的是秦始皇修筑长城的事。当时为了加快工程速度，又开始在全国各地抽调民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽调去充当修长城的民夫了。

转眼三年过去了，范杞梁杳无音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做梦，梦到他的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，还不停的喊“我冷啊，我饿呀!”孟姜女惊醒后决定去找丈夫，并给他带上了干粮和御寒的衣服。一路沿着长城寻找他的丈夫。她四处打听，走到山海关才知道，为修长城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在长城下，尸骨都找不到。这一消息如同晴天霹雳，孟姜女顿时就伤心地痛哭起来，哭得惊天动地，长城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里长。这下可急坏了工程总管，急忙去报告正来此巡查工程进展的秦始皇。秦始皇赶忙派人把孟姜女抓来寻问根由。当见到之后，秦始皇却被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她为"正宫娘娘"。孟姜女虽然怒火满腔，但还是压住心头仇恨，灵机一动，将计就计地非要秦始皇答应她三个条件，之后才能当"正宫娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸体;二要为其丈夫举行国葬;三要秦始皇为范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇听罢孟姜女提的三个条件，思索片刻，为了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬着头皮答应下来，孟姜女戴着孝拜了为筑城而死的范札梁坟墓后，宿愿已偿，面对滚滚的渤海，纵身一跃，投海自尽了。

故事讲完了，大家觉得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱们先不管他怎么样。开始登长城做好汉吧!!

Dear Mrs. Hackett,

My niece, He Xia, has written to tell me how very kind you have been to her during her stay in Washington.

Li Hong and I deeply appreciate your courtesy, and we hope to have the opportunity of reciprocating when you are in Beijing.

With many thanks to you for entertaining He Xia so generously.

Sincerely yours,

He Yi

[译文]

亲爱的哈科特夫人：

我的侄女何霞来信说，她在华盛顿逗留期间，你们对她非常友好。

我和李宏深深感谢你们的好意。希望在你们来北京的时候，能有机会答谢你们。

非常感谢你们对何霞的热情款待。

您真挚的

何漪

大家好，我叫...，来自苏州，我很高兴能在这里与大家认识，我是纺织工业学校的一名学生，我的专业是针织，我很荣幸能参加集训营，我参加集训营是因为我喜欢英语，我希望在集训营里学到的用在我以后的工作中，并开始我的职业生涯。因为我坚信将在很多领域都需要英语。 我的英语很差这就是我为什么在这里和大家一起学习，我知道我拿下英语将是一个巨大的挑战，但我坚信，“宝剑锋从磨出，梅花香自苦寒来”，坚持就是胜利，希望就在今后的学习中请大家多多指教，谢谢!

Hello everyone! My is......, from Qinzhou. I’m so glad to meet you, and I’m currently a student at Guangxi Textile Industrial School. my major is knitting. It’s my pleasure to join the CHAMPION training camp, because I love English and I hope I can learn something in the training for my future work. As we all know English is very useful in every field.My English is limited that’s why I’m here. I know it’s a huge challenge for me to conquer English, but I believe that “No pains, no gains, success belongs to the persevering”, I hope I can learn more from you, Thank you!

Hello! My name is Emily.

Im a beautiful girl. I have a black hair, two big eyes, a nose and a pink mouth.

My favorite colour is yellow.

I come from China. I speak Chinese.

l have a happy family.They are my father, my mother, my grandmother, my grandfather and me.

l want to make friend with you. And you?

毕业论文格式标准范文：基于关联理论的英语广告语的翻译策略分析

摘要：随着商业贸易和经济全球化的发展，广告翻译在国际交流中的重要作用日益凸显。作为翻译学中的一个分支，广告翻译有着它内在的规律，需要对它进行系统研究。论文试运用关联理论来分析英语广告语的翻译，目的是探索英语广告语翻译的实质，并且试图构建基于关联理论的翻译模式，来指导译者进行英语广告语汉译时灵活地选择翻译策略。

经过研究，本文认为英语广告语的汉译实质是语际间对广告语原文的明示推理阐释的过程，译者在广告语翻译中具有极其重要的作用，在翻译过程中负责两个推理过程:首先在原文语境中对广告主的交际意图进行推理并做出正确的理解;其次是通过对目的语读者的认知环境进行推理，而后将广告语原文转化为目的语文本。最后，本文提出了基于关联理论的翻译模式，将认知语境置于中心位置，指出译者在该模式指导下可以灵活地选择直译、意译或改译等翻译策略。

关键词：英语广告;广告翻译;关联理论;认知语境

引言

经济全球化的发展使得广告的作用日益显现，各企业必须依靠广告才能把他们的产品打入国际市场，因此广告翻译的作用也不言而喻。英语作为国际通行的主要语言，英语广告语的翻译显得更为重要。

翻译是一件复杂而有趣的工作，理查德说过：翻译或许是宇宙历史上最复杂的事情。①而广告语的翻译作为翻译学的一个分支，也是一件极其复杂的工作，并且有广告语的翻译也不同于其他文本的翻译。彼特纽马克认为英语广告语属于呼唤性文本的范畴，具有不同于其他文本的文体特征和文本功能(newmark,)。②叶长缨认为广告语具有不同的形式和功能，因此其翻译过程也是不同的。③它们不仅要求达到吸引读者的目的，而且还要激励和促使他们去购买商品。从这种意义上说，进行英语广告语翻译的深入研究是及时和必要的。国内外许多学者对英语广告语的翻译进行了大量的研究而且取得了一些成就。

中国的传统翻译强调基于严复“信达雅”和鲁迅的“宁信而不顺”理论的“信”，这些理论对于翻译有一定的指导作用，但它们主要适用于非文学作品的翻译，对于英语广告语的翻译并不适用。卡特福德的“文本对等”和奈达的“动态对等”理论对于指导翻译并未取得理想效果。另外，功能主义者所倡导的方法也未能对译者在翻译过程中的创造性翻译给出合理的解释。

上述学者的研究主要侧重于英语广告语翻译的策略和理论研究，很少有人关注英语广告语翻译的本质和过程。尽管有很多理论和技巧来技巧来指导广告语的翻译，但是这些理论和技巧并不完全适合于英语广告语的翻译。于是，探讨英语广告语的汉译是一项紧迫的任务。

因此需要一个更确切的理论来指导广告语的翻译。由斯波尔和威尔逊提出的“关联理论”顺应了这一要求。本文尝试以关联理论为指导来探讨英语广告语的翻译，试图发现英语广告翻译的实质，并且试图构建基于关联理论的翻译模式，来指导译者进行英语广告汉译时灵活地选择翻译策略。

广告及广告语

广告,简言之即是广而告之。一般可分为商业、社会和公共三类。我国《广告法》中指出广告是指商品经营者或服务提供者承担费用,通过一定媒介或形式直接或间接地介绍自己所推销的商品或所提供的服务的商业广告(commercial advertising)。④

广告语(slogans)也叫广告标语,广告口号等。它是为了加强消费者对企业,产品或服务的印象而在广告中唱起,反复使用的简洁,口号性的语句。它只在广大消费者中建立一种思想观念,引导和指引消费,同时它也是公司发展的号角。⑤

在国际市场中，广告语有着极其重要的作用。作为一种要被广泛使用,认同的语言表达方式,广告语与语用学(pragmatics)的关系显然是密不可分的,因为语用学是“study of language in use and linguistic communication”(胡壮麟,1988)。⑥换言之,在特定情景中的特定话语(何自然, 1988),⑦尤其是指在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解及使用语言。关联理论作为语用含义的内容之一,既可以很好地解释这种交际中的各种问题,又可以促使交际中隐含信息的成功传递。

关联理论与翻译

关联理论认为语言交际是一个认知过程，这个过程是靠明示推理来进行的，并受关联原则的支配。在交际每个交际行为都传递有最佳关联的假设，即说话者总是通过话语提供具有最佳关联的假设，话语理解则是一个通过处理话语找出最佳关联解释的推理过程。⑧

gutt发展了关联理论并将应用于翻译。gutt认为，翻译本质上是一种交际过程，这种交际涉及到原语交际者的意图和目的语读者的期望值。翻译的终极目标是译文与原文本的相关性。相关的原则是最大可能地使原语中交际者的意图与目的语的读者的期望值相匹配。⑨

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交际能力强，有较好的口才和表达能力，能协调处理好人际关系;注重协作精神，有较强的组织能力和协调能力;对问题能深刻地分析并迅速地做出判断决策。有强烈的上进心，能沉着冷静地面对挑战，战胜困难。

Communicative ability, eloquence and have better communication skills, be able to coordinate the handling of interpersonal relationships; focus on team spirit, strong organizational skills and coordination; the problem can deeply analyze and quickly make a judgment decision.Have a strong self-motivated, able to calmly face the challenges and overcome difficulties.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms

招聘启事

招聘岗位：英语翻译

学历要求：大专及以上

工作年限：不限，可接收应届生

薪资待遇：底薪+个人提成+团队提成

岗位职责：

1、对客户来往邮件的翻译、在线交流的翻译;

2、负责日常英语业务的翻译;

3、翻译资料的整理收集，与翻译团队成员沟通协作;

4、待遇形式采取补贴加提成形式计算，多劳多得，有员工生日假期等;

5、参加部门内开展的专业培训与交流，提高翻译的专业水平。

任职资格：

1、专科及以上学历，非英语专业CET-6或者英语专业TEM-4及以上;

2、性格开朗，勤奋努力，善于表达，工作认真细致，思维敏捷，沟通能力强;

3、有较强的责任心，具备良好的职业道德与职业素养。

工作时间：

夏季：8:30-12:00 13:30-18:00

冬季：8:30-12:00 13:00-17:30

联系方式：

联系地址：

性格开朗，工作认真负责，细心，有很强的责任心和进取心,头脑灵活，不怕吃苦，接受能力强，能够很好的处理同事的关系，具有强烈的团队合作精神，并能承担一定的工作压力。

Cheerful, serious and responsible, careful, have a strong sense of responsibility and initiative, a quick mind, not afraid of hardship, and ability to accept, able to handle the relationship between colleagues, with a strong team spirit, and to assume certain working pressure

Hello everybody, my name is . Is the school students. Very pleased to be able to participate in the Expo volunteers interview, also very grateful to the school for giving me this opportunity and hope through this interview, so I can become a glorious and sacred Expo volunteers. In my mind, a new generation of young volunteers are responsible and dedicated, without asking, a symbol of selfless dedication. As a professional student exhibition, the first day of school I took my Expo tight, organic link, looking forward to one day into the Expo, more profound, more direct understanding of the Expo. Now I have the opportunity near the Expo, more eager I am able to participate as a volunteer in the Expo, I will use what I learned, the enthusiasm for the World Expo services, and through my efforts, to our great, Beautiful China has shown in front of the world, and let the world understand China, love China. I believe I am capable volunteers for the job. Sincerely look forward to receive the honor. Thank you!

Dear Sir，

I am very glad to recommend Mr. LIN to your graduate study at your school.

Mr. LIN has been a research assistant in the financial crisis of science commission since nine month， and his main responsibilities include collecting information， analyzing and translating.He is a young man full of enthusiasm and progress， with great potential.LIN teachers are not only good at learning， they are good at solving problems， and have logical thinking， which can effectively analyze difficulties.All the work handed to him was consummated.In fact， he was so reliable that I assigned him a heavy responsibility.With his help， I can spend more time writing research papers.I really think Im lucky to have such an able assistant.

I am sure that his diligence， coupled with good ability and pleasant personality， will enable him to achieve academic success in future academic pursuits.I highly recommend his admission without any reservations.

Best regards.

亲爱的先生:

我很高兴向你推荐先生在你学校的研究生学习。

自**年**月以来，先生一直是*科学委员会金融危机的研究助理，他的主要职责包括收集信息、分析和翻译。他是一个充满热情和进步的年轻人，有着极高的潜力。**老师不仅善于学习，善于解决难题，而且有逻辑思维，能有效地分析困难。所有交给他的工作都圆满完成了。事实上，他是如此的可靠，我给他分配了沉重的责任。在他的帮助下，我可以花更多的时间来写研究论文。我真的认为我很幸运有这样一位能干的助手。

我确信他的勤奋，加上良好的能力和令人愉快的个性，将使他在以后的学术追求中获得学术成就。我强烈推荐他的入学，没有任何保留。

谨致问候。

dear mr. / ms,

we are pleased to introduce mr. wang you, our import manager of textiles department. mr. wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season.

we shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need.

yours faithfully,

yang ning

亲爱的先生/女士,

我们很高兴向您介绍我们纺织部的进口经理王先生。王先生在你们的城市花了三周的时间来发展我们的业务和主要的生产厂家，并为即将到来的季节购买装饰面料。

如果你能把他介绍给可靠的制造商，并给他任何可能需要的帮助或建议，我们将不胜感激。

你忠实的,

杨宁

1. I noticed that you advertised a job in this morning’s paper. 我看到你们在今早的报纸上刊登的招聘广告。

2. I’m coming for your advertisement for …. 我是来应聘你们广告上的……职位的。

3. I have applied for the position of …. 我申请了贵公司的……职位。

4. I haven’t done anything like that before. 我以前没有做过这种工作。

5. I think I’m quite fit for assistant’s job. 我觉得我很适合做助理的工作。

6. I used to work as a sale’s manager. 我以前做销售经理。

7. I’m quite familiar with editing. 我做过很多编辑工作。

8. I want a job with a vacation every year. 我想找个每年都能度假的工作。

9. I was thinking of a job in a school. 我打算到学校找份工作。

10. I worked in the accounting section of a manufacturer of electrical products. 我曾在电子产品制造商的会计组工作。

11. I have been for over five years in teh employ of an exporting company. 本人曾经前后五年被受雇于出口贸易公司。

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am very sorry that I shall be unable to come to your classes today owing to a bad cold. I enclose a certificate from the doctor who is attending me. He said it will be two or three days before I shall be able to resume my school.

David

April 20

王老师：

很抱歉，我因患重感冒今天不能到校。现附上医生证明，他说我两三天后才能到校学习。

大卫

四月二十日

Mum

妈妈

Such is sons‘ nature,I really do not know how to express my thanks to you.However,I can imagine,on the day 18 years ago,when you gave birth to me,what a complex feeling you had.In the past few years,every day you struggle me up in the morning and prepare breakfast for me,then in the afternoon,you always welcome your only son with delicious foods after a day‘s hardwork.Now your son has been 18 and will go to university soon,like a bird is leaving its parents.Nevertheless,your footprints on my heart will never ever fade and-----I love you mum!

这是儿子的天性，我真的不知道该怎样来表达我对你的感谢。然而，我可以想象，20xx年前的那一天，当你生下我时的那种复杂的感觉。在过去的几年里，每天早上你拽我起床并煮早餐给我吃，然后下午，在你辛苦一天工作后，你总是用美味的食物欢迎你唯一的儿子。现在你的儿子已经18岁了，不久就要上大学,就像一只正在离开父母的鸟。然而,你们的足印将永存我的心里——我爱你妈妈!

your son

你的儿子

Hello, my name is c., has been in fourth grade.

Im a child love the collective, is a clever boy. In class, I actively. Next class, my classmates and I had fun playing together, like a lively elf.

My only fault is carelessness. A math exam, a simple topic, cant even fool wrong topic, just because of careless, given by the teacher a red fork fork, ah.

I swear, I must defeat the sloppiness. Exam score higher.

Hope you make friends with me, oh.

大家好，我叫陈少华，已经小学四年级了。

我是一个热爱集体的孩子，也是一个聪明的孩子。上课时，我积极发言。下课时，我和同学们聚在一起开开心心的玩耍，像个活泼的小精灵似的。

我唯一的缺点就是粗心大意。一次数学考试，一个简单的题目，连傻子都不会错得题目，就因为马虎，被老师判了一个红叉叉，哎。

我发誓，我一定要打败马虎。考试得高分。

Hi everone,my name is ___,I am __ years old this year.I study in class __ of the __ school.I am a optimistic person. I often helping each other to classmate,we study together and improve together. We live in the same class collective, we are like the brothers and sisters each other. There are a lot of my interest,e_ample:reading,watching at the film,play by ancient Zheng and so ons.....I especially like watching at the animation, particularly watching Japanese animation,the animation which I like is .This is about me,what do you thing?

大家好,我叫___,今年__岁.现就读于__中学,__班.我是个性格开朗的人,经常与同学互帮互助,共同学习,共同进步.我们生活在同一个班集体中,我们彼此就如兄弟姐妹一样.我有许多的兴趣爱好.比如:看书,看动画,看电影,弹古筝,等等...我特别喜欢看动画,尤其是日本动画片,我最喜欢的是.

Hello,everyone!

I 20xx University graduates Social Sports session, performance excellence, sports and basic skills down. University branch secretary for four years as class groups responsible, enterprising, hard working, high moral character, serious and responsible work. Won a scholarship every year, Excellent student title, and received outstanding graduates, outstanding intern, outstanding League Cadres, Party members.

In all respects strict demands on themselves, thinking motivated, study hard, work for, simple life. Four years of rigorous practice to make me a good university graduates. Strong self-learning ability, to overcome problems; with solid professional skills and strong theoretical basis

Calm; has a strong ability to identify and deal with non-; have strong organizational skills and social adaptability.

Certificates: National Computer level, Certificate III in English; the National Putonghua 2 B certificates; School Poetry Recitation Contest first prize.

Thank you!

译文：

大家好!

我 20xx年大学毕业生社会体育会议，性能卓越，体育基本技能了。大学分公司四年来担任班级负责人、事业心强、工作努力、品德高尚、工作认真负责。每年获得奖学金，优秀学生称号，并获得优秀毕业生、优秀实习生、优秀团干部、党员干部。

在各方面都严格要求自己，思维动力，努力学习，工作简单，生活简单。四年的严格实践，使我成为一个优秀的大学毕业生。有较强的自学能力，克服问题的能力;具有扎实的专业技能和较强的理论基础

具有较强的识别和处理能力，具有较强的组织能力和社会适应能力。

证书：国家计算机级，证书三级英语;国家普通话2级证书;学校诗歌朗诵比赛一等奖。

谢谢!

Hello teachers.My name is .Im 19 years old now.Im from.Glad to be here today.My major is international finance and trade.I love my major,so Im gonna study hard.Everybodys keen on sth.,isnt it?

I like surfing online,playing basketball and listening to music.Im good at running,especially sprint,such as 100 meters.The country Im dreaming to visit is Spain,which is a very beautiful country.My favorite animal is dog,as its so cute.My biggest hobby is playing basketball,and ive dreamt to be a professional player,but Im not tall enough.So my present goal is to study hard,and pass Toefl in the first year.Thank you.

你好老师。我的名字是* * *。我19岁了。我来自* *。很高兴今天来到这里。我的专业是国际金融和贸易。我爱我的专业,所以我要努力学习。每个人的喜欢某事。不是吗?

我喜欢上网,打篮球和听音乐。我擅长跑步,尤其是短跑,如100米。这个国家我做梦去西班牙,这是一个非常美丽的国家。我最喜欢的动物是狗,因为它很可爱。我最大的爱好是打篮球,我梦想成为一名职业球员,但我不够高。所以我现在的目标是努力学习,并通过托福考试的第一年。谢谢你！