怎样写导游词例文(实用20篇)

各位游客，我的介绍就到那里，如在参观游览的过程中有其他问题，请向我询问，我会再进行讲解。谢谢大家！

游客们，大家好！此刻我们位于北京市崇文区天坛路，我想有的朋友已经猜到了，我们的下一个景点就是美丽的天坛。

天坛，在北京市南部，东城区永定门内大街东侧。占地约270万平方米，是中国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。南有天坛祭天，东有日坛祭太阳，西有月坛祭月亮，其中，天坛最光彩夺目。天坛始建于明永乐十八年，清乾隆、光绪时曾重修改建。为明、清两代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷丰登的场所。

同时，它也是中国木结构建筑的顶峰，全用木材就完成了这一惊世杰作。天坛另一美妙之处，是奇妙的回声。站在中心叫一声，你会听到从地层深处传来的明亮而深沉的回响，这声音仿佛来自地心，又似乎来自天空，所以人们为它取了一个充满神秘色彩的名字“天心石”。在皇穹宇的四周有一道厚约0.9米的围墙，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，站在另一端的人只要耳贴墙面就能听得异常清晰，并且还有立体声效果哦！这就是神奇的“回音壁”。这证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理。

游客们，此刻请大家参观一小时，然后到门厅集合。

朋友们，位于三亚市西南端鹿回头半岛上，是三亚市的标志性景区。这里三面环海，一面毗邻三亚市区，是登高望海与观赏日出日落的理想之地，也是俯视三亚市区全景的制高点，海拔达285米。站在公园高处俯瞰，三亚市区可尽收眼底。公园夜间仍向游人开放。盛夏的夜晚游人到此，面对海上渔火，乘风纳凉，观赏三亚夜景，自有一番快意在心头。

鹿回头岭是海南最具浪漫色彩的地方。海南的山岭有叫牛岭、马岭、狗岭的，为什么这里叫鹿回头呢?这里面有一段美丽的神话故事。

非常久以前，在五指山区有一位勤劳勇敢、热心助人的黎族青年猎手。一天上山打猎，发现一只色彩斑斓的坡鹿。于是他紧迫不舍，翻过九十九座山，涉过九十九条河，追了九天九夜，一直追到这座公园所在的海边山崖上。山巅之下便是茫茫大海，再无去路。正当青年猎手张弓搭箭之际，只见眼前火光一闪，烟雾腾空，坡鹿回头化为美丽温柔的黎家少女。原来，天上的仙女看中了这位青年猎手的好人品，在三亚海边寻找到一个好去处，有意将青年猎手引来。仙女与青年猎手结成夫妻，在此繁衍生息，形成一个村寨。此后，因为这个美丽动人的传说，人们将这里的半岛、山岭与村寨都名之以"鹿回头"，公园也以此命名。三亚由此而获得"鹿城"的别称。

现在让我们走上公园的最高处，观赏富有艺术魅力的鹿回头雕塑，它是三亚市的城雕。这座反映仙女与青年猎手爱情故事的雕塑，连底座高15米，由广东著名的"五羊城"雕塑作者、雕塑家林毓豪先生花了四年心血精心完成。在一头回眸凝望的坡鹿两侧，分立着仙女与青年猎手。仙女窈窕俊俏，含羞带喜，已经完全是黎家姑娘的美丽妆扮。猎手结实健壮，憨厚质朴。别看他们背对着背，其实早已经心连着心呢。据说同仙女、猎手合影的人们，都能得到他们的祝福，同他们分享美好爱情的幸福。再请乌贼岭下，猜一猜掩映在密密椰林中的鹿回头村，仙女与猎手的后代，又在延续怎样的爱情故事。

据说中国有三太少数民族爱情传说，一是阿诗玛，一是刘三姐，再一就是鹿回头。鹿回头的故事意蕴深厚，它道出了对生命的渴望与留恋，表达了对美好爱情的热烈追求。

大湖公园位于台北市内湖盆地东侧，大湖公园以水鸟景观着名，大湖公园面对五指山、忠勇山。白鹭湖又名大湖，早期只是隐身深山内的幽僻湖水，吸引野鸭、野鸟经常在此栖息、嬉戏，呈现一幅无争景象。惜哉!随着文明脚步踏上此地，附近住宅区如雨后春笋兴起以后，已失去昔日静谧的气氛了。

大湖公园电视剧取景曝光率高，可见其山光水色搏得众爱，原为幽静的湖泊。锦带拱挢，红白相间，高耸于湖面已成大湖公园着名的地景，造型独特的九曲挢，衔接亭台楼阁，凭栏眺望湖面风光，风光明媚，几疑是天上人间的如真似幻!幸运地，湖面尚未被污染，为了推展观光事业，市府因而在此建亭台阁楼、拱桥花圃，点缀湖上风光，倒也无伤雅致。

早晨时刻，湖面经常有水鸟、鹭鸶安闲栖息或蜻蜓点水般滑翔而过，大湖公园因而成为动物摄影家、赏鸟人士经常驻足之地。因野鸭、白鹭鸶常在此栖息故称白鹭湖，后因大兴土木破坏原来宁静、隐密的气氛。附近有东义观光果园，白鹭山位于大湖旁，俯瞰内湖风光。

木兰围场导游词

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到木兰围场，我是你们的导游。

位于河北省最北的围场县境内，与内蒙古交界，从承德北行约120公里。围场自古就是一处水草丰沛，禽兽繁集的天然名苑。公元1681年，康熙皇帝在这里建立了方圆一万平方公里，含72围的狩猎场。到嘉庆25年（公元1820）前后140年共举行“木兰秋”105次。1690年，康熙在这里举行了著名的平定噶尔丹叛乱的乌兰布通战役。木兰围场秀丽的景色也引起了影视艺术家的瞩目，先后有《响铃公主》《四渡赤水》《江湖奇侠传》（郑少秋主演）《荆轲刺秦王》（张丰毅、巩俐主演）《还珠格格》等二百余集影视剧在此完成。

木兰围场，是满语、汉语的混称。木兰是满语"哨鹿"的意思。木兰是满语哨鹿之意。何为哨鹿？打猎时八旗兵头带戴雄鹿角，在树林里口学公鹿啼叫，引诱母鹿 ，是一种诱杀的打猎方法。围场是哨鹿之所，即皇帝打猎场所。木兰围场在清代是原始森林和辽阔的蒙古草原。到了清朝晚期，宫廷下令，对木兰围场原始森林进行砍伐。到了清朝晚期，原始森林被砍伐一尽。全国解放后，1962年，国家决定在此建大型机械化林场。经过林场工人几十年的艰苦努力，现在木兰围场已经成为全国最大的人工林场，浩瀚森林已经恢复当年的活力。辽阔的蒙古草原，焕发出青春与活力。满山遍野的山花，笑迎天下游人。国家领导人对此的评语是："云的故乡，花的世界，林的海洋，水的源头"。木兰围场是动物的天堂，影视剧的最佳外景地。

当时的木兰围场，根据地形和禽兽的分布，划分为72围。每次狩猎开始，先由管围大臣率领骑兵，按预先选定的范围，合围靠拢形成一个包围圈，并逐渐缩小。头戴鹿角面具的清兵，隐藏在圈内密林深处，吹起木制的长哨，模仿雄鹿求偶的声音，雌鹿闻声寻偶而来，雄鹿为夺偶而至，其他野兽则为食鹿而聚拢。等包围圈缩得不能再小了，野兽密集起来时，大臣就奏请皇上首射，皇子、皇孙随射，然后其他王公贵族骑射，最后是大规模的围射，承德避暑山庄博物馆内有一幅《乾隆木兰秋 图》，生动地描绘了清代围猎的壮观情景。每次围猎，一般要进行二十几天。围猎结束以后，以张三营行宫（现隆化县境内）举行盛大的庆功告别宴会，饮酒歌舞，摔跤比武。并宴请蒙古等王公，按军功大小，予以奖赏。

现在，围场还保留着东庙宫、乾隆打虎洞和石刻、古长城说碑等十几处清代皇帝行围狩猎和北巡围场的文物古迹，以及点将台、将军泡子、十二座连营等古战场遗址。围场不仅是著名的狩猎名苑，更是一个四季分明、气候宜人、风景优美的旅游胜地。优美的自然风光被田纪云副委员长赞为“水的源头、云的故乡、花的世界、林的海洋、珍禽异兽的天堂。”塞罕坝景区一百多万亩森林，一百多万亩草原，为游人提供了回归自然、旅游观光的美好去处。

春夏时节，万顷松涛，清风习习；茫茫草原，繁花似锦，游人徜徉其间，心旷神怡，不知有暑。八月金秋，红叶满山，霜林叠翠，吸引无数国内外游客和艺术家前来观光、摄影、写生。一到冬季，林海雪原，莽莽苍苍、气象万千；雪淞玉树，无限情趣。丰富的冰雪资源为人们提供了滑雪、狩猎的理想场所。

1991年国家建设部通过专家论证把木兰围场确定为国家级风景名胜区。随着人们回归自然愿望的增强，来这里旅游的人数不断增加，到1998年年接待游客已达45万人次。同时，木兰围场秀丽的景色也引起了影视艺术家的瞩目，先后有《响铃公主》《四渡赤水》《江湖奇侠传》（郑少秋主演）《荆轲刺秦王》（张丰毅、巩俐主演）《还珠格格》等二百余集影视剧在此完成。

一道绿色长城

木兰围场自然保护区坐落于华北地区著名河流——滦河的上游地区，集中分布在河北省围场县的西部，总面积5万余公顷，是以保护森林生态系统和濒危珍稀野生动植物为主的森林生态类型自然保护区。

保护区位于内蒙古高原与冀北山地过渡带，远望犹如横亘在冀北山地与内蒙古高原之间的一系列大坝，因此，又有“坝上”之称。由“坝”根向南，则是连接坝上高原和冀北山地的丘陵山地地带，由厚厚的沙土覆盖的古老花岗片麻岩构成的山岭呈浑圆状。这里也是保护区的核心区域，由于森林植被十分丰富，沙土层已被牢牢锁住，使之不能形成流沙。保护区的南部是冀北山地的北端，此区域多为崇山峻岭，山高坡陡，地势险峻，沟壑深幽，林木葱郁，形成了奇特的自然景观。

由于保护区内植被保存较好，森林覆盖率高，形成了区域小气候特征，降水相对充沛。保护区内空气质量较高，蓝天白云，绿草如茵勾勒出保护区如诗如画的壮美画卷。

木兰围场自然保护区所处的地理位置，决定了这个保护区必然要担负起护卫京津生态安全的生态特区这一重任。保护区北接浑善达克沙地，南临清代第二政治中心避暑山庄承德，距北京384公里，距天津504公里，生态战略位置十分重要。从高空俯视，辽阔的浑善达克沙地上座座沙丘就像是黄色的浪潮，汹涌澎湃，向南吞噬。星星点点的沙地榆无助地在沙海中挣扎，几片新绿犹如飘落在沙海中的孤叶。沙海的南端则是连接北京正北方向风口的三大风沙通道:小滦河流域风道、伊马图河流域风道、伊逊河流域风道。浑善达克沙地南缘的平均海拔在1400米以上，而京津地区的平均海拔不足50米，浑善达克沙地的风沙在来自西伯利亚冷高压气流的作用下，就像被一台功率巨大的鼓风机吹动，沿着3条风沙通道，居高临下，凶猛地压向京津地区。卡在三大风沙通道入口处的木兰围场自然保护区，犹如一道绿色长城，阻挡着浑善达克沙地的风沙对北京的侵害，遏制了浑善达克沙地南侵的步伐。站在保护区的制高点向北望去，远处浑善达克沙地的沙丘就像海啸掀起的巨浪，气势汹汹，滚滚而来，到了木兰围场自然保护区忠诚的森林卫士脚下，不得不败下阵去，平息下来。木兰围场自然保护区的森林、草原、湿地，不仅阻挡了风沙，固住了本地的流沙，起到了防风固沙的重要作用，而且还具备着拦洪蓄水、涵养水源的生态功能，成为滦河的主要水源地。丰富的动植物资源，使木兰围场自然保护区成为天然的生物资源、基因资源和植物种质资源库。保护区完好的植被自然状态及完美的森林生态系统，作为全球生物多样性的组成部分，是人类宝贵的自然资源，是人类未来的遗产和可持续发展的基础。

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Dear tourists, how are you? Im your guide. You can call me Liu Dao. Whatwere going to visit today is the temple of heaven, the place where the emperorworshiped heaven.

Emperor Yongle of the Ming dynasty built the altar for heaven worship inthe south of Beijing, imitating the Great Hall of worship in Nanjing. The mainbuilding is the Great Hall of worship, which is the location of todays Hall ofpraying for new year. The temple of heaven has outer wall and inner wall. It isround in the north and square in the south.

Now we are going south along the central axis of the temple of heaven. Whatwe are going to see is the Circular Mound Altar where the ancient emperorsoffered sacrifices to heaven. There are two enclosure walls in the round hill,which make the outside square and the inside round, in line with the statementthat the sky is round and the place is round. What needs to be mentioned inparticular is that the place where the emperor stood was the Tianxin stone inthe center of the mesa. He is one of the three acoustic phenomena in the templeof heaven. When reading aloud here, the voice is particularly loud, and now itsthe same here. You tourists may as well experience the strange effect, and likethe emperor of that year, tell God your good wishes.

As you may have noticed just now, there are many cypress trees in thetemple of heaven. Yes, its like a natural oxygen bar in Beijing. Among theseancient cypresses, there is a cypress over 500 years old, which is the ninedragon cypress outside the west wall of echo wall. Its trunk texture is verystrange, full of ravines, and twisted, like nine dragons winding around playing,so it is not too much to call it Jiulong cypress. Please dont climb trees. Payattention to your words and deeds. This is a sacred place. We should keep aquiet mind,

After liberation, the temple of heaven has not only become a famous touristattraction, but also an integral part of Beijings urban green space. Not onlytourists come here, but also some elderly people who are specially for physicalfitness.

Todays tour is over. I hope this tour can make you remember and leave adeep memory in your heart.

I hope you will come again next time.

达兰鄂罗木河北段是中俄边界的水路界河。在鱼翔浅底水清清，荻港如屏草如茵的界河上泛舟，两岸山色的空灵，两国隔河相望的神秘，会使游人百感交集。同在一片蓝天下，同在一条河水里，两岸两种不同的标志，显示出两个不同的国度。红绿相间的俄国界桩，孤零零的竖立着。在中国一侧的汉白玉界碑上，镶嵌着中华人民共和国国徽，显得庄重、威严。63号界桩系中俄满洲里边界管段最后一个界桩，为中俄水路界桩，分界线以河道中心为界。此处为达兰鄂罗木河向东流至俄罗斯阿巴该图山下注入额尔古纳河的故道，为吞吐性河流。河水时涨时落，河道浅平，蜿蜒曲折，两岸多系沼泽、芦苇丛生。水大时汪洋一片，水小时则变成缓流小河，河岸经常被水冲刷而坍塌，使河道中心线无法确认。1993年5月经中俄勘界委员会多次实地勘测，原63号界桩在河道中心弯曲处，正对着俄罗斯阿巴该图山。

为准确确定中俄国境及河道的走向，特在原63号界桩处设立了70、71-1、71-2、71-3号界桩。70、71-2为俄方界桩，界桩为红、 绿相间的细长水泥立柱，上面写有俄文及桩号。71-1、71-3号界桩为中方界桩，界桩为花岗岩石碑，上面镶嵌着中华人民共和国国徽及中国71(1)、71(3)、1993等字样。70与71-2联线后为俄罗斯领土，71-2、71-3联线后为中国领土，中心线明确，经纬分明。两桩相对，两岸相望，界桩倒映在河道中。蓝天、白云又为河道划出了一条分界线，真可谓美景奇观。

二子湖界河探险游是东湖区一项最具特色的旅游项目之一。界河游的线路是乘船沿着达兰鄂罗木河从二卡红色国际秘密交通线遗址渔工房出发，途经二子湖水上乐园，直抵西南方向国内唯一的一块河中界碑-71号界碑，这也是一条水上观光、观鸟游的旅游线路。当游人乘一扁舟沿界河划行，苇荡里不时吹来湖水苇叶的清香。越往里划，湖水越深，犹如进入了大自然的怀抱。

河道两旁长满了茂密的芦苇和蒲棒，小船如穿行在幽深的芦苇相拥的绿色隧道。来到二子湖的中心区后，蓝天碧水间神奇而又独特的景观使人眼前豁然开朗。这里是一片无人打扰的世外桃源，茂密的芦苇倒映在水中，悠悠碧水变成了碧绿，百鸟相聚的景观使人惊喜。红嘴白天鹅似一位高傲的公主，对于不速之客的光临根本不屑一顾，依然悠闲自得地在水中嬉戏。偶有低翔的白鸥像离弦的箭一样射向天空，汇入尖着嗓子呜叫的鸥群结队而行。草原百灵叫得最欢，唱得最美，婉转动听的歌声把游人带入如诗如画的仙境中，使你感受到草原的辽阔，天空的高远。游人以中俄界碑为背景拍一张照片，留下难以忘怀的珍贵记忆。

天津景点英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Here are (第一范文网) bring tianjin attractions English commentaries, welcome to enjoy!

一:天津独乐寺英文导游词

Temple of Solitary Joy is located at inside west city gate of Ji County, Tianjin City. It is known for its refined architecture skill in Channels ancient buildings and has got the reputation of Six Best. These are: The earliest Dingshan Gate (Gate of Withstanding Hill) of the ground hall preserved now; The earliest Chiwei object on the Hill Gate preserved now; The earliest plane distribution which took pavilion as the center on the architecture plane; The biggest clay sculptured statue of Avalokiteavara inside a pavilion in China; The Avalokiteavara is also the most ancient high storeyed one; The more precious fact is that the Temple of Solitary Joy has stood unscathed after thousand years of rain, snow, wind and frost and 28 big attacks, hence the most durable ancient Monastery of thousand years.

天津独乐寺

Entering the Temple , the first comes to sight is 10 m high gate, on the arch of which there hangs a horizontal inscribed board: Temple of Solitary Joy. The single eaves ground hall roof was the roof building form during the western Tsin (AD265-316) and Southern and Northern Dyansty (420-589) period, which was called Siadading in ancient time and now it is called big roof. On the two ends of the plane ridge, there are inward Chiweis. Chi denoted sparrow hawk in ancient time, which is a kind of fierce bird. The stand base of the gate is comparatively low, but the hall pinnacle is much higher above eaves and the pottery animal figures look sturdy; solemn and sturdy. There is no ceiling inside the pinnacle, therefor the painted beam and purlieus are visible. The whole piece is exquisitely wrought, simple arranged and skillfully done, for which people gasp in administration.

Crossing the gate, one comes to the core building - Avalokitesvara Pavilion, 23 m in height. Form outside appearance, it is two storeyed, but inside there is a hidden storey, thus three storeyed in fact. On the eaves corners, pottery unicorns are sculptured, on which little Buddha statues ride. Copper bells are hung under eaves corners, swaying with the wind, a specially refined scene. The most attractive thing is the structure of Dougong (sets of brackets on top of the columns supporting the beams within and roof eaves without——each set consisting of tiers of outstretching arms called Gong, cushioned with trapezoidal blocks called Dou). It is made of overlapping Dougong shaped wood blocks and bow shaped horizontal wood bars by adopting 24 forms with each layer stretching out as bracket, big in upper part and small in lower part, thinly scattered, steady and sturdy. It makes eaves of the pavilion look like flying, far and deep in the sky, a beautiful and magnificent view.

Entering the Avalokitesvara Pavilion, the very sight is a huge standing Avalokitesvara Statue. If one stands by it, his height is only up to her ankle. The Statue, 16.27 m in height, is the biggest clay sculpture of Avalokitesvara in China. Two statues of attendant Bodhisattvas under the knee of Avalokitesvara are also 3 m in height. On the crown of the head of Avalokitesvara, there are 10 small Avalokitesvares heads, hence it is called 11 faces Avalokitesvara. Reviewing around the inner part of the pavilion, one can discover that pillars of high and low storeys are not directly linked through, but the pillars of the upper storey are inserted into the arch head of that of lower storey. The upper storey of the pavilion is in a form of six corners empty well, while the lower storey is in a form of square empty well. This kind of structure is not only beautiful and strong, but also adds the space of the upper part of Budha statues. On the four walls inside the pavilion, colorful murals are painted, the theme of which is the images of 16 Arhats and 2 Ming Dynasty Emperors, which are the earliest subjects of Buddhism. On he murals, 2 m high Arhats with 3 heads and 4 arms are extremely lifelike and Ming Emperors on the four walls are full of power and grandeur. On the upper part of the murals, there are mountains, forest, cloud and river, while on the lower part, there are paintings of secular themes with vivid and natural lines, which embody the superb the skill and arts of painting of ancient Buddhism in China.

二:天津英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the Chinese revolution will illuminate Tianjins past, present and future. Tianjin is honored as Building Museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new China, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! In the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the Jinmen Shijing (top ten scenic attractions in Tianjin).

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, the Huangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in Tianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass and Taiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three years repairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east to Wangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the Huangyaguan Water Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensive system of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes, emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arranged orderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, Beiji Temple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the first museum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly built within the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall, another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace and prosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at Guafu Tower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains for about 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are six watch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. The architectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square, round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall. Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of Qi Jiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue in order to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability in that period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yards out to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower, "Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during the construction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower to commemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels and measures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sides of the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is also famous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridge for over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying through clouds.

Mt. Panshan Scenic Area :

Covering an area of 106 square kilometers (about 26193 acres), Mt. Panshan Scenic Area is located in Jixian County, 110 kilometers (68.4 miles) away from Tianjin, 88 kilometers (54.7 miles) away from Beijing. As the name suggests, the scenic area is mainly Mt Panshan–oriented. Endowed with natural beauty and a historical heritage, Mt Panshan is known as The First Mountain East of Beijing and is listed as one of the top fifteen mountains in China.

The mountain acquired its present name, early in the Eastern Han (25-220). Taizong , the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), was prodigal of his praise of its scenery on his chance visit when he led the army in a campaign. Seventy-two temples, thirteen pagodas and numerous Xanadus and towers were built on the mountain in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Qianlong, a brilliant and wise Qing Dynasty emperor was so impressed that he made thirty or so visits and wrote 1366 poems to express his admiration of the area. In the first half of the twentieth century, the whole resort all fell to ruin due to hostilities and neglect. It has undergone a process of restoration since the 1990s and is now regaining its fame.

It is famous for jade pine trees, strange and astonishing peaks, clear waters, grotesquely shaped rocks and clusters of ancient temples. On the mountaintop, numerous pines hide the sky from view and block out the sunshine. Rugged rocks in a variety of shapes, some of which resemble a toad, a general or a boa, will greet you in the middle of the mountain. At its foot, clear water splashes on the rocks. The mountain consists of five peaks, with the main one, Guayue (Moon Hanging) Peak. Although Guayue Peak is only 857 meters (2811.7 feet) above sea level, to the north it is possible to see a section of the Great Wall while to the west Mt Taihang can be seen.

From the Wei State during the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280) onwards, emperors enthusiastically commissioned the building of temples, towers and Xanadus resulting in over 160 such sites. There are four main temples: Tiancheng Temple (God Proposing Temple), Yunzhao Temple (Cloud-Hiding Temple), Wanfo Temple (Ten Thousand-Buddha Temple) and Wansong Temple (Ten Thousand-Pine Temple). Tiancheng Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, was enlarged and repaired in the Ming and the Qing dynasties. To the east of this temple stands the Ancient Dagoba. As the biggest tower in this mountain, it has thirteen floors. The roof of the Yunzhao Temple was a golden yellow, a color that normally was only allowed to be used on imperial buildings. By granting permission for this, Emperor Qianlong demonstrated his approval and admiration of the mountain. Wanfo Temple (Ten Thousand-Buddha Temple) has 10,960 small Buddhas statues.

怀圣寺在市区光塔路，内有光塔，又称光塔寺。是公元七世纪伊斯兰教传入中国后最早兴建的古清真寺之一。相传在一千三百多年前，伊斯兰教的创始人穆罕默德派他的母舅阿布?宛葛素前来广州，把伊斯兰教传入中国。

怀圣寺就是怀念伊斯兰教创始人穆罕默德之意。寺内设有教长室、藏经室，礼拜大殿和专供洗礼的水房。教徒们常在星期五“主麻日”和伊斯兰教节日前来聚礼。广州交易会期间，许多阿拉伯商人前来做礼拜。

光塔高三十六米余，它的圆形塔身、笔尖形的塔尖显示了阿拉伯特有的建筑风格。在每次礼拜前，就有人登上塔顶高喊“邦克”，招呼伊斯兰教徒快来做礼拜，故该塔最初叫“邦克塔”。当时阿拉伯教徒常在晚上登塔点灯，为阿拉伯船舶指引航向。

星期五，姑姑笑容满面到对我说：“告诉你一个好消息：周末带你们去银川西部影视城玩!”我一听，高兴得一蹦三尺高，立即把这个好消息告诉哥哥。

第二天，阳光明媚是出行的好日子，正好我们要去西部影视城。来到那里，眼前全是用土堆成的房子，这和我们平常看见的楼大厦?青砖绿瓦截然不同。影视城里的许多方都在《红高粱》?《大话西游》?《新龙门客栈》……许多中出现过。

走着走着，前面出现了一个洞，上面刻着三个字：盘丝洞。这个名字很耳熟可又想不起来在哪里听过，所以我不清楚它为什么要叫盘丝洞?……我带着重重疑点走进了盘丝洞。眼前的景象让我想起《大话西游》蜘蛛精住的地方!越往里走月阴森，洞里爬满了假蜘蛛，它们栩栩如生，这让我毛骨悚然。我两腿发软?肩膀耸起。我终于看见了光，赶紧跑到哪里，这才松了口气。今天在西部影视城不但让我知道了许多影片，而且了解了古代的一些知识。这一天我收获了不少啊!

各位游客，我们现在来到了万寿园。

万寿园大门是朱红的宫墙。长有20__多米，上面有蓝色的琉璃瓦，这些琉璃瓦因为可以反光，所以被太阳照的闪闪发亮，美丽极了!像一个皇家园林。万寿园大门旁有一幅对联上联是“西连巫峡路悠悠，"下联是“东至武昌云历历。”表达了沙市的地理位置。

进入万寿园，我们来到长廊旁。“她”有20__多米长，70多间房。每间房的边上都栽有各种各样的花木。大家看一看横梁上的画吧，如果仔细看这些画，就会发现没有相同的画吧?大家闻着花的清香和长江边吹来的微风，是否觉得到了人间天堂呢?

穿过长廊，我们来到了万寿园宝塔脚下。万寿宝塔有7层，其中有一层被围在了长江大堤下。宝塔每层有两尊佛像，有的闭目养神、有的慈眉善目、有的笑容可掬、有的念经颂佛。据说这宝塔是明朝嘉靖皇帝为了庆祝母亲六十大寿修建的，所以称作万寿宝塔。

希望大家喜欢万寿宝塔，有机会再来万寿宝塔!万寿宝塔是中国的，也是人类的!希望大家不要损坏，要爱护“她”!

Zhao Mausoleum also called clear zhaoling mausoleum, is the second generation of the founding of the qing dynasty emperor, emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end the queens tomb, covers an area of 180000 square meters, is located in the ancient city of shenyang NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty is the largest, imposing manner, the most magnificent one. Is the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern garden.

Zhaoling from south to north, followed by points before, during and after the three parts.

At the front behind the wall sheet. Went on both sides have huabiao pavilion, stone lions, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Archway is the front of the subject construction, it is built by bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures.

Central, from is red door to mahjong layout, is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, vivid, striking. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling god, gong SAN DE tablet".

Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum. As it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, appear abnormal. Long stay behind after Ming building to the city. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. Treasure city is also called the treasure. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.

Cemetery in ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, the floor of the temple, watts, beautiful natural scenery, colorful, including aromatic show is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, garden planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan.

Zhao Mausoleum also has 300000 square meters of lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat for sight-seeing, boat, and boating on the lake, dont have a taste.

Another feature of Zhao Mausoleum is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Shenyang Zhao Mausoleum (zhaoling) the history of the ancient and mysterious tomb, various natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort.

大家好，欢迎大家来到美丽的三峡。

三峡，位于中国重庆奉节和湖北宜昌之间。古代，郦道元曾为三峡下注，写出壮美的《三峡》，而今日的三峡与古文的三峡更加秀美。

三峡，分别为瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡。三峡的山连绵不断，重岩叠嶂，非常高峻。大家看，这极高的山峰上的树是多么的奇形怪状，有的像人在跳舞，有的像盘绕的蟒蛇，大家可以尽情联想。

大家小心，千万别在拍照时，不小心迈入这湍急的急流中，快看这水是如此的清澈，可又要小心，极快的流速，如同离弦的箭一样快。在《三峡》中，郦道元便说道，就算骑上马飞奔，抵着风，也没有这么快，可想而知水流的速度。

正所谓各种季节，各种美，就与春冬截然不同。感受到的只有凄凉、肃杀，在那个时候，环境是那么的安静，仿佛时间都变慢了，可尽情享受美景。也许你在那时还会看到高处的猿，它们的叫声是多么悲凉婉转。三峡的秋季如同一位沧海桑田的老人满眼只是悲惨凄凉。

没想到，这么快就已游览完三峡的美景，确实要跟您说再见了，而不要忘了这风景美如花的三峡。

团友们：大家好!

今天我们将要游览的大小洞天风景区，大小洞天风景区亦可称之为海山奇观游览区。该区坐落在海南南山文化旅游区的西南临海处，是南山开发最早的旅游胜地。大小洞天风景区自古以山海、天水、烟霞、风月四绝风光著称于世。

大小洞天风景区的主要景观有：洞天八景(石船、钓台、岩瞻、灵应泉、试剑峰、大洞天、小洞天和仙梯)、“寿”字石刻、鉴真师徒群雕等。

【南海龙王别院】

大小洞天内鳌山腹地，正对南海处建有南海龙王别院，院内供奉1.9米的南海龙王原身像，龙王身穿龙鳞金甲，肩披龙纹披风，手扶镇海宝剑，足践双蛇，迎风伟坐于海心浪涛之颠，给祖国带来安定，给人民带来吉祥。旅游区于每年的龙历二月初二举行盛大的民俗活动---龙抬头节，以道家习俗祭祀龙王，祭祀南海。

【小洞天】

团友们，公元1187年，在南山西南面的海岸边，崖州郡守周康阝寻访道家文化发现大小洞天。一块巨石外形如鳌似蚌、雄飞雌伏的样子，岩石的南面岩壁上题刻着“小洞天”三个醒目的大字。这块外形如鳌如蚌的巨石下面有一个“石屋”，“石屋”如同蜗牛气旋状，洞穴盘旋曲卷，人口大而朝西，出口小而向上;游人要想进入这个“蜗牛石屋”探奇就得逐个轮流，因为只有一个洞口出入。沿着盘旋曲卷的洞穴爬行，洞口越来越小，盘旋爬行了好一阵子之后，抬头向上通过小岩洞口可见到天空，虽说“别有洞天”，但还是有点“坐井观天”的感觉。

【海山奇观】

“小洞天”岩石附近不远的岩壁上有许多题刻，其中就有大家最熟悉的“海山奇观”。“海山奇观”字体大小有一尺五寸见方，是由南宋(1247年)吉阳军郡守毛奎所题。《大小洞天记》一文380多个字的石刻也出自毛奎之手：“吉阳形势，甲乎海外。南山盘踞，气象雄伟……”

【仙梯】

“海山奇观”旁边有石阶上下通天达海，在“大洞天”的石壁上，毛奎题刻“仙梯”二字，字体大小一尺见方。石阶两旁有灌木丛林，其中仙人掌最多。

【福寿南山】

南山是座吉祥的山，在老百姓的心目中南山与长寿密切相关，是真正意义上的寿山。南山大小洞天一带集中分布有能成活数千年的长寿树--被美喻为”南山不老松”的龙血树。龙血树属龙舌兰科常绿植物，

导游词

白垩纪恐龙时代就已出现，被称为植物中的活化石，世界科教文组织列为保护树种。中国亦定其为珍稀濒危植物，属国家二级重点保护树种，主要分布于热带、亚热带地区。目前，此树种已濒临灭迹，但在三亚南山一带却生长着三万株之多，主要集中于南山大小洞天旅游区，树龄逾千年的有两千多株，最长的有六千年以上。

【石船】

“石船”形象逼真，吸引许多文人学士前来寻访。据考证，南宋(1187年)吉阳军知军周开辟“石船”景观，并在石船北面的一块巨石上留下《石船记》石刻。

另有清康熙年间任崖州学正(清代州学官)的广东省东莞县学人尹之逵在《石船》中写道：“何人陆地似乘流?迫近南山山岭头。岂是补天遗五色?代将刳木作扁舟……”作者看到“石船”虽在陆地却好像乘风破浪的情联想到女娲补天遗下的五色石……

【钓台】

“小洞天”南边有“钓台”景观，“钓台”附近的一块石壁上有郭沫若《游崖县鳌山》诗文石刻，这是1962年郭沫若先生考察海山奇观风景区之作。

【南来传法】

团友们，唐代是我国佛教发展鼎盛时期，日本为了加强对佛教寺院和剃度僧尼的管理，取法中国，建立施戒制度。为促进中日佛教文化交流，扬州大明寺主持，著名的律学大师鉴真和尚应日僧荣睿、普照的恳切礼请，接受日本圣武天皇约请，从唐天宝元年(741年)至天宝十二年(753年)历经了长达20xx年之久的6次东渡日本。由于种种原因，前五次东渡都没有成功。其中第五次于天宝七年(748年)61岁的鉴真大师，率领30多人，海上遇急风大浪，船只随风逐浪漂泊了14天，据推测应该于十一月初，在海南岛振州(今三亚市境内)登陆。

在振州一年多的时间里，鉴真师徒应请修缮了一座具有300多年历史的龙泉寺亦称大云寺。为寺重新开光，传法布道，巡游名胜，与南山有机缘。

经历了无数磨难之后，65岁的鉴真带领中日两国众弟子24人于唐天宝十二年(日本天平胜宝五年即753年)十二月顺利到达日本，第六次东渡终于成功。

1995年，在海山奇观游览区内，落成一座大型花岗岩石群体雕塑即鉴真和尚及弟子群雕，这座题为“登岸”的群雕由五位人物组合而成，师徒不屈不挠，不惜生命，为佛事尽力的精神，令人肃然起敬。

谢谢各位!

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到香港旅游，我是你们的导游。

维多利亚港(英语:Victoria Harbour)简称维港，是位于中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港。世界第三大海港。由于港阔水深，为天然良港，香港亦因而有"东方之珠"、"世界三大天然良港"及"世界三大夜景"之美誉 。

维多利亚港的名字，来自英国的维多利亚女王。一年四季皆可自由进出。早年已被英国人看中有成为东亚地区优良港口的潜力，后来从清政府手上夺得香港，发展其远东的海上贸易事业。维多利亚港一直影响香港的历史和文化，主导香港的经济和旅游业发展，是香港成为国际化大都市的关键之一。

维多利亚港(英语:Victoria Harbour)简称维港，是位于中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港。世界第三大海港。由于港阔水深，为天然良港，香港亦因而有"东方之珠"、"世界三大天然良港"及"世界三大夜景"之美誉 。

维多利亚港的名字，来自英国的维多利亚女王。一年四季皆可自由进出。早年已被英国人看中有成为东亚地区优良港口的潜力，后来从清政府手上夺得香港，发展其远东的海上贸易事业。维多利亚港一直影响香港的历史和文化，主导香港的经济和旅游业发展，是香港成为国际化大都市的关键之一。

地理概述

根据20__年的资料，维多利亚港面积为41.88平方公里，仅为原水域面积的60%，平均水深达12米。最深的航道是鲤鱼门，深约43米，最浅的航道则是油麻地，约为7米。范围东至鲤鱼门，西至青洲、青衣岛南湾角及汀九(该带水域又称为“西锚湾”)。维多利亚港潮差约1米。海港内包括青衣岛、青洲、小青洲及九龙石等岛屿，以及蓝巴勒海峡、硫磺海峡及鲤鱼门等水道。

形成原因

维多利亚港是一个天然的深水海港。它的形成大概在7000多年前当海平面比现在还很低之时。当时的维多利亚港是太平山与九龙之间的一个山谷。后来随着海平面上升，原来的山谷被海水淹盖，成为了今日的海港。

港口水位

维多利亚港的水位高度最高的纪录为3.96米，

纪录于1962年台风温黛袭港期间产生。因全球气候暖化、大型填海、珠江口流出的淡水及沉积物，以及南中国海的海流等，在1954年至20__年共50年其间，维多利亚港的水位高度合共上升12厘米，平均每年上升2.3毫米。而且在1987年至1999年期间，维多利亚港的水位更以每年平均22毫米的速度上升，升幅是全球水位上升速度的10倍，不过，在1999年后，维多利亚港水位急速下跌。

维多利亚港在香港开埠之时颇为广阔，因为当时两岸都是天然的海岸线。在今日北角东部，直到1930年代还是一个海滩，而在1970年代时，即使在筲箕湾的码头，仍然会有人在岸边游泳。然而，随着都市的发展，使污水不断排入海港里，使海港受到极大的污染;加上维多利亚港两岸不断的填海取地，使海港内变得大浪和湍急。1980年代当香港政府草拟香港机场核心计划时，曾建议把海港从维多利亚港外迁到青衣的蓝巴勒海峡或南丫岛外的博寮海峡，但未有成事。

历史沿革

1841年，英国占领香港。清政府与英国签署《南京条约》后，1861年1月英军占领九龙半岛，4月将香港岛与九龙半岛之间的海港，以当时在位的维多利亚女王命清政府与英国签署《南京条约》后，1861年1月英军占领九龙半岛，4月将香港岛与九龙半岛之间的海港。

清政府与英国签署《南京条约》后，1861年1月英军占领九龙半岛，4月将香港岛与九龙半岛之间的海港。

名为维多利亚港，在此以前，清朝文牍称为尖沙咀洋面或中门。类似的情况还有维多利亚公园、维多利亚城(今西环至铜锣湾一带)和维多利亚山(Victoria Peak，即太平山)等。

香港可供发展的平地很少，因此自1841年开埠以来，政府多次集中在维多利亚港进行填海工程。1842年，皇后大道及云咸街的兴建造成大量沙石，为免搬运至其他地区存放，于是直接把沙石推进海港，扩大香港的发展面积。政府1852年展开的文咸填海计划，是香港首次的正式填海工程，位置在今日上环文咸东街一带，目的是将上环的发展面积进一步增加，以兴建政府部门及港口设施，发展维多利亚城。

后来，填海工程由原来的港岛西面，及后扩展至整个香港岛及九龙，以有利香港发展。中环德辅道、湾仔北、铜锣湾、尖沙咀东、启德机场跑道、港澳码头、红磡湾、观塘工业区、土瓜湾、葵青货柜码头、荃湾和西九龙等重要发展地方，全都是填海造地得来。

因香港为亚洲的重要港口之一，在20世纪初至1970年代，造船业亦十分发达。当时，香港拥有亚洲其中两个最大规模的船坞，分别是位于鲗鱼涌，由太古洋行开设的太古船坞，以及位于红磡的黄埔船坞。船坞雇用的工人数以千计，造船技术和出产船只的排水量皆与日本齐名。然而，自1970年代起，香港的航运业开始衰退，地产业则开始起飞。两所船坞分别在1970年代及1980年代拆卸，其后在青衣合作开设香港联合船坞，原址改建成住宅及商场，即今日的太古城与黄埔花园。

香港开埠以后，英国皇家海军在中环设立海军基地，其后命名为添马舰，现时该地段已发展成新政府总部。1990年代中期，海军基地迁往昂船洲。香港由于是自由补给港，又位于东南亚与远东航道的中心点，所以在1997年香港回归前，维多利亚港常有英国或美国军舰停泊，1997年后亦有不少美国军舰来港补给。舰上官兵留港期间，多到湾仔等地消遣。

段经济贸易

维多利亚港是国际上重要的港口之一，据政府纪录，20__年抵港的远洋轮船及内河商船分别有39,040和190,820航次，海上运输相当发达。早期，维多利亚港已被视为重要商港，直至后来海港西部的葵涌及青衣货柜码头的兴建，香港海运才逐渐离开维多利亚港中心地带，转而以旅游和交通为主。现时，维多利亚港仍有不少货船往来，中流作业及内河商船仍然十分频繁。香港现时处理的货物对整个华南地区极为重要，而且大部份货物大部份地区与华南地区有关。

维多利亚港是天然的深水港，港口水域广阔，平均水深达12米，海底泥层亦没有淤泥阻塞，可同时容纳上50艘万吨级的大型远洋轮船。另外，港口东面的鲤鱼门和西面的汲水门较窄，加上受九龙半岛和香港岛的群山所包围，形成港口四面环山，强风因而为山势所阻。港内又设有多个天然及人工的港湾与避风塘，足以让船只在平日甚至热带气旋来临时，免受风浪侵袭。此外，由于香港气候暖和，港口终年不结冰，船只可自由进出。基于各项优秀条件，香港因而成为优良转口港。

葵青货柜码头

葵青货柜码头位于香港新界葵青区葵涌及葵青青衣的醉酒湾，在维多利亚港西北部，是香港最主要的货柜物流处理中心，目前是世界第二大吞吐量的货柜港口(世界最大吞吐量的货柜港口是新加坡)及华南地区第一大港。1992年至20__年，香港均是全球最繁忙的货柜港口。

葵青货柜码头占地庞大，由葵涌、青衣伸延至昂船洲一带，共有9个货柜码头，24个泊位，可停泊最大型的货柜船。码头的全年总处理能力，超过1800万个标准货柜单位。20__年，葵青货柜码头处理的货物总量约为16,048千个货柜单位。

中流作业区

1970年代，货柜码头开始发展时，货柜码头可供集箱船只所装载的泊位不敷使用，班轮公司为减低船只等候泊位所造成的损失，决定直接在货船上分派货柜，在海中系以浮筒或抛海通过趸船来进行装卸集装箱，利用趸船将货柜运送到附近的码头起卸，目的是要辅助货柜码头的角色，成为香港中流作业的雏型。

为方便将货柜船的货物运送至港九各地，香港在维多利亚港两岸设置多个中流作业区。由于中流作业可将货柜船在市区部份码头直接进行起卸工作，无需经过货柜码头起卸，可避免路面上的交通挤塞或所泊位不足造成的延误。加上中流作业的成本低廉，为不少客户提供多一种装卸选择。现时，香港约有 20% 的货物装卸工作在系泊或锚泊港内的船只上以中流作业的方式进行。

交通设施

由于维多利亚港分隔香港岛和九龙半岛，维多利亚港的交通对香港发展尤其重要。1890年代起，早已有渡海小轮往返维多利亚港两岸。随着香港经济发展，维多利亚港的交通设施由原来渡海小轮发展至海底隧道，地下铁路等现代化设施。

跨海设施

维多利亚港上虽没有桥梁横过，但它的底下现时有三条过海行车隧道，分别是1972年通车的香港海底隧道(红磡海底隧道)、1989年通车的东区海底隧道，以及1997年通车的西区海底隧道。

早在1894年，香港正兴建电车系统之时，香港政府便已经有兴建跨海大桥的打算，以连接港岛及九龙两岸。大桥上更包括电车系统，希望跨海大桥能成为香港的标志性建筑物。由于当年兴建跨海大桥成本高昂，及影响维多利亚港船只运行，故计划搁置。

二次大战过后，政府曾考虑天星小轮负荷问题，在1950年代重新研究跨海大桥计划。当时建议中跨海大桥亦包括海底隧道方案，但因大桥破坏景观而被搁置。后来，政府于1955年决定研究兴建海底隧道可行性。直到1960年代，香港政府决定兴建红磡海底隧道，连接红磡与铜锣湾。1972年8月，红磡海底隧道通车。

1976年，因红磡海底隧道挤塞情况未有改善，政府再度研究在鲤鱼门兴建大桥，连接香港岛及九龙东面，但其后因影响船只航道及启德机场飞机升降再度搁置，后来由东区海底隧道取代。

香港海底隧道

香港海底隧道又名红磡海底隧道(简称红隧或旧隧)，是香港第1条海底行车隧道，于1972年8月通车，耗资港币3亿2千万元兴建。目前，红隧是世界上最繁忙的4线行车隧道之一，也是香港最繁忙、使用率最高的道路。海底隧道南端出入口位于奇力岛(又称灯笼洲)，因工程关系该岛已与香港岛连接。北端出入口所在的土地位于红磡以西，亦为填海所得。隧道使用旧式设计，只有双程双线行车，早于通车10年后行车流量已经饱和，往港岛方向每天上下午繁忙时间经常出现挤塞情况。因此，除隧道收费外，由1984年6月1日起，当局向所有车辆征收隧道税，以求减低流量。而该隧道专营权在1999年8月31日届满，现已交还香港政府管理。

虽然先后有东区海底隧道及西区海底隧道通车纾解车流，但由于两隧均收费高昂，地理位置又不及香港海底隧道方便，故隧道的饱和程度仍日益恶化。在周末及假日前夕，有时到凌晨12时左右仍可见车龙。20__年，平均每日行车量达124,000架次。

东区海底隧道

东区海底隧道简称东隧，是香港第二条过海行车隧道。隧道连接香港岛东部和九龙东部，全长2.2公里，共有5条管道：2条双程双线行车管道、两条为港铁将军澳线使用(将军澳线通车前为观塘线使用)，以及一条容纳环境控制系统的管道。隧道南端为鲗鱼涌，与4号干线(东区走廊)交汇;北端的茶果岭出入口设有收费广场。

1986年，中信泰富旗下的新香港隧道有限公司以“建造、营运、移交”(BOT)方式获发东区海底隧道30年的专营权。20__年，该公司在有庞大盈利下仍申请加价成功，引起市民很大的回响，亦使本已饱和的香港海底隧道的车流量而不合理化。20__年，平日的行车流量约为61,000架次。

西区海底隧道

西区海底隧道简称西隧，是香港第三条过海行车隧道，是全港首条双程3线行车的过海隧道和全港最大的海底隧道。隧道全长1.97公里，连接香港岛的西营盘和九龙油麻地附近的西九龙填海区，是香港第1条双程3线分隔沉管式隧道，并与机场铁路的第三条过海铁路隧道同时兴建。九龙出入口附设有20个缴费亭的收费广场，当中4条行车线可随时改变行车方向，如繁忙时间便可为同一行车方向提供12条行车线。并在油麻地交汇处连接西九龙公路;西营盘出入口的交汇处包括17条接驳天桥、1条下通路和多段引道，连接4号干线。

中信泰富旗下的香港西区隧道有限公司在1997年以“建造、营运、移交”方式获发西区海底隧道30年的专营权。因其高昂收费，西区海底隧道车流一直偏低，未能分流香港海底隧道的负担。于20__年，平均每日行车量只有44,373架次，远低于可供行车数目的180,000架次。

香港第四条海底隧道

香港第四条过海隧道是一条计划中的海底隧道，研究在香港海底隧道东面兴建另一条海底隧道。倡议中第四条海底隧道由连接香港岛的炮台山和九龙黄埔，并考虑同时兴建铁路管道，以减低第五条过海铁路隧道的兴建成本。

工程的建议已经响起了一段长时间，以舒缓红隧的交通流量压力。虽然先后有东区海底隧道及西区海底隧道通车为香港海底隧道分流，但由于由中信泰富旗下的两间隧道公司所垄断，两隧均多次加价以致收费高昂，加上地理位置不及香港海底隧道方便和过于分散，故隧道的饱和程度日益恶化，使红隧所承受的压力愈来愈大。因此兴建第四条过海隧道的呼声再次响起，以抗衡中信泰富对香港过海交通的垄断。

过海铁路隧道

现时有3条港铁行车线亦会穿过维多利亚港，包括：

第1条过海铁路隧道：荃湾线(接驳港岛金钟站及九龙尖沙咀站一段)

第2条过海铁路隧道：将军澳线(接驳港岛鲗鱼涌站及九龙油塘站一段，与上述东区海底隧道一同兴建)

第3条过海铁路隧道：东涌线和机场快线(两线使用同一隧道，接驳港岛香港站及九龙的九龙站一段，与上述西区海底隧道一同兴建)

1967年，政府在检讨香港交通同时，同时邀请英国交通研究部门就香港整体交通作出研究[33]。因此出现首次过海铁路隧道雏型，在1982年与前地铁修正早期系统第四期工程一起启用。此外，1970年亦曾建议在九龙尖沙咀兴建另一条过海铁路隧道连接香港岛的上环，因为资金及人口问题而拖延。

1984年至87年，因第一条过海铁路隧道因应港岛线通车而开始出现饱和现象，政府决定在维多利亚港东面兴建第二条过海铁路隧道(请参阅东区海底隧道部份内容)。

1989年，因为过海铁路隧道发展需求，纷纷出现多个过海铁路隧道方案[35]，其中在维多利亚港西面兴建过海铁路隧道相对重要，以便加强机场铁路接驳能力。同时又因为部份路段与西区海底隧道重叠，一同兴建可减低兴建成本。

第四条过海铁路隧道将连接香港岛的中环至湾仔填海区及九龙红磡。此方案沿袭1970年的东九龙线方案，并加以改良。最初政府一直是考虑地下铁路方案，但因1989年的中环至湾仔填海区，而重新规划。20__年，政府采纳九广铁路的东铁过海方案。20__年4月，两铁合并终落实，南北线将通过第四条过海铁路隧道到达港岛会展站，再到达终点金钟。

与此同时，第5条过海铁路隧道方案亦在1989年提出[35]，曾考虑以观塘线、机场铁路或九广铁路(现称港铁东铁线)连接香港岛的炮台山站及九龙黄埔站。由于第四条过海铁路隧道尚未兴建，故香港暂时并无兴建第五条过海铁路隧道的迫切性。

渡轮服务

过海隧道和铁路未兴建前，渡海小轮是往来维多利亚港两岸的唯一交通工具;香港的渡轮事业亦曾一时兴盛。最早的渡轮公司是约在1888年成立的“九龙渡海小轮公司”，由一位波斯拜火教教徒Dorabujee Naorojee Mithaiwala创办，来往尖沙咀与中环。1898年，九龙仓收购“九龙渡海小轮公司”，并把“九龙渡海小轮公司”，改名为“天星小轮公司”。

香港的发展一直侧于香港岛一边，但随着九龙的发展，市民对于港九之间的渡轮需求日渐殷切，20世纪初期，分别由16间小轮公司承办来往由中环至油麻地，旺角及深水埗等地的航线，可是由于太多公司承办，易生混乱，故港府在1919年起，批出专营权予“四约街坊轮船公司”，营办港九之间的渡轮服务。及至1924年1月1日“四约街坊轮船公司”专营权期限届满，由香港油蔴地小轮船有限公司接办服务。

此后，有一段长时间大部份航线由油麻地小轮提供服务，主要路线有北角至观塘、九龙城及红磡，中环至佐敦道码头、大角咀及深水埗。1980年代初期，港岛东区至中环的交通十分挤塞，油麻地小轮曾开办由太古城至中环的非过海渡轮服务，1985年，地铁港岛线通车后服务便取消。渡海小轮的服务时间至午夜止，在海底隧道及通宵过海巴士前现前，停航后市民只能等待第2天早上过海，又或者乘搭收费较昂贵且危险的“哗啦哗啦”电船。

1990年代起，由于陆上交通事业的发达，香港政府对渡轮事业没有大力支持，一些码头像佐敦道码头及大角咀码头一类往昔较繁忙的大型码头，在西九龙填海后并没有重建。今天，除了尖沙咀和观塘外，九龙区就只剩九龙城码头和红磡码头这些没有铁路连接的区份设有渡轮服务。

过去油麻地小轮还有汽车渡轮服务，驾驶人士如需过海，便需把汽车驶至汽车渡轮码头，驶进特制的汽车渡轮过海，沿途可在车上欣赏两岸风景。1980年代末东区海底隧道通车后，汽车渡轮服务因使用需求大跌，加上营运成本昂贵而终止。近日，由于两条海底隧道的加价，促使红磡海底隧道所面临的交通压力渐增，有人曾倡议恢复停办多年的汽车渡轮服务。

现时，维多利亚港内有天星小轮有限公司、新世界第一渡轮服务有限公司、港九小轮有限公司提供往返维多利亚港两岸的航线。另外也有不少公司提供部份航线往返维多利亚港至澳门及广东省珠三角等地。

码头

维多利亚港有多个渡轮码头、汽车渡轮码头及公众码头。有关码头主要是提供往返维多利亚港内的航线，而中环码头更提供往返维多利亚港至离岛的航线，而在北角及观塘汽车渡轮码头仍提供危险品车辆渡轮服务。维多利亚港亦设有一些公众码头供小型驳船、游艇、观光船等作上落客服务。亦有小量的补给和货物转运。

维多利亚港上设有2个大型离境码头：港澳码头及中国客运码头，来往澳门及广东省珠三角各口岸，码头设有出入境设施，可办理离境手续。

避风塘

香港每年夏季时均不时会遭受台风侵袭，因此，维多利亚港内设有多个避风塘供船只躲避风雨及停泊，亦有不少经营游览维多利亚港以及香港一些离岛的船艇，部份更提供娱乐设施和餐饮服务。铜锣湾避风塘除了是游艇的停泊点外，也以避风塘菜闻名，以富辛辣及味浓特色的海鲜料理为主，当中的避风塘炒蟹更是香港著名的地道美食之一，昔日的不少食店已“上岸”移到北角至铜锣湾一带经营。

邮轮码头

位于九龙尖沙咀的海运大厦是香港目前唯一的邮轮码头。海运大厦于1966年落成，除码头外亦设有写字楼及商场。不少著名邮轮曾在海运大厦停泊，包括曾经是世界最大邮轮的伊利沙伯号。

政府现正在前启德机场跑道尽头兴建启德邮轮码头，这项工程并不需要在维多利亚港填海。

港口保护

香港填海工程

香港由于平地少而山多，香港政府早年便已开始进行填海工程以扩展土地，以致海港面积不断缩小。

近年，不少港人开始关注维多利亚港的填维多利亚港中环岸边在填海的海计划，并开展了不少保护维多利亚港的运动，当中以保护海港协会最为人所认识。该会在1996年发动签名行动得到170,000个市民签名支持而成功推动保护海港条例，后于1997年6月于立法局最后一次会议时成为法例。

香港主权移交后，反对填海的声音渐趋强烈。1998年，因为保护海港协会为首的多个环保团体的反对，逼使政府先后需要暂缓及重新检讨启德及添马舰对出的填海工程。其后，部份团体及市民及曾就政府于湾仔北与中环的填海计划作出法律诉讼，直至20__年，终审法院就政府的湾仔北填海计划判定政府败诉;但在20__年，政府在中环的填海计划上获得胜诉。尽管政府在中环填海计划获得胜诉，但为避免再次引起诉讼，政府亦成立咨询性的共建维港委员会，以听取民间对于填海工程的有关意见。

今天的维多利亚港在多次填海造地后面积已大幅减少，但交通却越来越繁忙，海浪因而比往日大，体积较小的船只在海上航行会摇曳不定。

景观保护

维多利亚港两岸是香港著名的观光点，不少旅客会到太平山项远眺维多利亚港及九龙半岛的景观，但地产商多年来不断在维多利亚港两岸临海地段新建高楼，部份高楼甚至遮挡了狮子山山脊线，令海旁景观及两岸山脊线受破坏，阻碍旅客观赏维多利亚港两岸景观。

环保团体环保触觉主席谭凯邦指出，虽然香港已立法在填海方面保护维多利亚港，但没有在景观保护方面立法规管，地产商仍可以在维多利亚港两岸兴建高楼。该团体调查发现，香港人普遍赞成政府应着手立法保护维多利亚港景观。

水质污染

维多利亚港的水质曾被长年忽视，其中以19经填海发展得出土地的香港会议展览中心新翼及中环广场。

经填海发展得出土地的香港会议展览中心新翼及中环广场。

70年代香港工业起飞对水质污染影响。当时政府仍未有措施监控工厂排出的污水，香港每天向维多利亚港排放约150万立方米筛滤后的污水，其中有不少含有毒物质及重金属的废料未经处理便直接排放到维多利亚港，沉积在维多利亚港海底的污泥中。

缺德者乱抛垃圾到海中，船只漏出的油渍等问题均是水质下降的来源。此外，充满化学物的家居清洁用品经厕所排放到维港，特别是沙士事件时期，市民大量使用漂白水，致使海水中的氨含量偏高。

多次的填海亦是一个间接影响水质的因素：填海工程将海岸线修直，造成一些海水流量不大的死位，海港的收窄也减弱了潮水的冲刷能力，这些均造成维多利亚港上一度积聚垃圾及臭味。根据水质测试证实海水中的大肠杆菌含菌量偏高，氧含量偏低，容易令鱼类及其他海洋生物窒息。有香港立法会议员更提出，若维多利亚港再继续填海工程，将来必定会变成维多利亚渠了。

政府于是推行策划性污水收集及处理系统，又推出“净化海港计划”(原名“策略性污水排放计划”、“策略性排污计划”或“海港污水处理计划”)以处理水质下降之问题。据香港环境保护署监察所得之数据，近年来虽然水质污染情况略有改善，但是仍需继续改善维多利亚港的水质。政府一方面亦制作了不少电视宣传片以呼吁市民不要将垃圾投入海港中，一方面则有部门负责检拾海中的垃圾，及定期对水质进行调查。长远方面，政府曾考虑过以导管将污水排出公海以减低维多利亚港内的水质污染。

过往维多利亚港上有不少捕鱼活动，但由于水质污染影响，令不少鱼类及其他海洋生物窒息死亡。虽然一直仍有不少人在维多利亚港两岸垂钓，但由于有关的海产有机会吸入有害物质，因此维多利亚港中的海产已不宜食用。

香港维港日

维多利亚港早年曾是不少水上活动的举行场地，但近年由于海港污染严重，及受填海工程影响，部份活动已移师其他地区。20__年起多间机构合办香港维港日(香港海港日)，希望引起市民关注维多利亚港的问题，培育市民关注海港的意识，提倡欣赏并爱护这个城市的珍贵资产。

维港活动

维港渡海泳

1906年起开始举办，由九龙尖沙咀公众码头游往中环皇后码头，赛程长1600米。但由于海面交通繁忙令封闭海港困难，海港水质每况愈下，加上兴建香港文化中心而封闭尖沙咀车站的铁路码头，渡海泳在1979年停办。20__年代，随着香港政府的《净化海港计划》渐见成效，香港业馀游泳总会于20__年10月末期向香港政府申请复办维港渡海泳，其后获得批准。

环岛帆船比赛

香港早于1864年已曾举办环岛帆船比赛，20__年沙士疫症过后，采用原有航道恢复举行。而皇家香港游艇会亦每年举办“环岛行”游艇比赛。

烟花汇演

维多利亚港是香港举行烟花汇演的主要场地。1982年起每年农历年初二、以及1997年起回归纪念日及国庆日，维多利亚港都会成为大型烟花汇演的舞台，每年吸引不少市民及旅客在维港两岸欣赏。另一方面，在部分日子的幻彩咏香江表演中，将在维港海上加插烟火表演，使汇演更添吸引力。

Dear guests

Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, I would like toextend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting Qufu, a famous city. I am veryglad to be accompanied by a tour guide. This is a good opportunity for us toenjoy and study together. Please leave your valuable comments after reading.

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the history and culturalrelics of Qufu.

Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius,a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the worldin ancient China, the hometown of Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan YellowEmperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of Yan Emperor, thehometown of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Lu. Four of the three emperors andfive emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. There are abundanttreasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. At present,there are 112 cultural relics, including UN protected units, 3 World CulturalHeritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, andothers protected at prefecture level.

The most important ones are "three Confucius, two temples and onemausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple,Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest are commonly known as "three Confucius".There are temples dedicated to Zhou Gong, the sage of the Yuan Dynasty in China,and temples dedicated to Fusheng Yanhui, the first disciple of Confucius, whichare commonly known as "two temples"; Yiling is SHAOHAO mausoleum in Shouqiu, thebirthplace of Yellow Emperor; Sanshan; and Jiuxian mountain (also known asJiushan), the birthplace of Confucius. The second forest is: mengmulin, the bestmother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place ofConfucius parents; "Yisi" is the place where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems,answered correctly and parted. The famous scholar Kong Shangren lived inseclusion in Shimen temple, the national garden.

Now lets look at the Confucius Temple.

Confucius Temple, also known as Zhisheng temple, is a place for offeringsacrifices to Confucius and his wife Qi Guan and 72 sages. Together with theForbidden City in Beijing and Chengde summer resort in Hebei, Confucius Templeis known as Chinas three major ancient architectural complexes. Experts saidfour words to Confucius Temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most completepreservation, and the most prominent Oriental architectural features. Twoproblems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: one is the great contribution ofConfucius to China and even the oriental culture; the other is that China hascraftsmen in history.

Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, the year after Confucius died. In theformer residence of Confucius, three temples were built to display Confuciusclothes, cars, books and so on. The Confucius Temple was expanded by emperors ofall dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds ofminor repairs, reaching the present scale. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace. It is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. It has 466houses and 54 gates and pavilions. It runs through a central axis from east towest. There are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, whichis two Li and 150 meters long. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale ofthe Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocatedfunds for maintenance and protection for many times. The first batch of nationalkey cultural relic protection units announced by China were listed as worldcultural heritage in December 1994, and became cultural relic units protected bythe United Nations. Confucius Temple has been built for a long time, has a largescale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.

Shinto. "Wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous thissection of the road is "Shinto". In front of important temples, there is aspecial way of respecting and understanding, which is called "Shinto".

Wanren palace wall. This gate is the South Gate of Ming City in Qufu, andit is also the first gate of Confucius Temple. It is hung with the fourcharacters of "Wanren palace wall", which was written by Emperor Qianlong ofQing Dynasty. It comes from Zi Gong, the proud disciple of Confucius. At themeeting of the state of Lu, it was proposed that Zigongs knowledge was broadand profound, which could be compared with Confucius. Zigong stood upimmediately and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Humanknowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one Ren high, and my teachers wall isseveral Ren high. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high,clear at a glance, nothing profound; Confucius knowledge is several times asmuch as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we canunderstand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of thetemple, you cant see it outside the door. In order to describe Confuciusprofound knowledge, later generations changed from the masters wall to "hundredRen" and "thousand Ren" to the emperor of Ming Dynasty who granted Confucius thetitle of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", andpraised Confucius knowledge as "ten thousand Ren". Looking up, we cant see thetop. It also said that the wall was very solid. These four words were originallywritten by the imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty. In order to show that he attachedgreat importance to Confucius, Qianlong replaced his imperial pen with hispersonal letter "Wanren palace wall".

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang. This workshop was built in Ming Dynasty to expressConfucius exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process ofplaying music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music beginswith the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning oforder" and ends with the striking of a chime. The sound of "jade vibration" isthe sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order".Praising Confucius knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, soit is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". The sound of"golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jadevibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. This is also the source of theidiom "start and finish". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was written by Hu zuanzong, agreat calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

"Two cypresses bear one hole". There is an ancient cypress in the East andwest of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called"two cypresses bear one hole". This bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which isconnected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "panwater". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I wasadmitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope tobe promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.

Dismount monument. Outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets,the Xiama tablet and Xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. The stele inthe West had been destroyed, and the stele in the East said, "officials andpeople wait to get off here.". In the past, civil and military officials andcommon people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect forConfucius and Confucius Temple.

Lattice star gate. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 ad.it was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "Lingxingmen" was written byEmperor Qianlong. It is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in thesky. Among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "Lingxing", alsoknown as "Wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". It connects Confucius with the star incharge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. Forexample, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "Wenqustar". There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respectingheaven.

Taihe Yuanqi square. This workshop was built in 1544 A.D. in the MingDynasty. It highly praises Confuciuss idea that "the space universe can nurtureall things.". "The harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides,the harmony of yin and Yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of theuniverse and the vitality of the human world. "Taihe Yuanqi" is written by ZengMian, governor of Shandong Province.

The most holy temple. The "Zhisheng Temple Square" built in the MingDynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.

The world of moral Mou, the road crown ancient and modern. The East andwest of the Taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial archway.Surrounded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousandcontinuations. There are eight monsters under it, which are called "Heavendragon and God lion". It is said that it is dignified and inspired, which candrive away evil and uphold justice. In the eastern memorial archway, it waswritten: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of Confucius ideasto human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues canbe compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway in the West reads"Daoguan ancient and modern", praising Confucius thoughts and methods, whichare the highest in the world.

Holy time gate. The three gates are parallel, the four platforms are thesame as above, and the central Panlong. The name of this gate comes fromMencius. For the four ancient sages, Boyi, Yiyin, liuxiahui and Confucius,Mencius summed up the Four Saints holy deeds into four sentences: Boyi is thesage of the Qing Dynasty, Yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is thesage of the sum, and Confucius is the sage of the time. "Shengshi" highlypraises Confucius thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for thetimes. When the emperor came to Qufu to court Confucius, he had to kneel downthree times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. WhenYan Shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. All go fast, the gateis high.

Lets have a quick look at the gate. That is to say, Confucius knowledgeof "Five Classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culturefirst, and those who learn first have knowledge first. They compete to learn,and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.

Look up at the door. It was named after Yan Huis praise of Confucius. YanHui said that the teachers way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. PraiseConfucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "Mi Gao". It is difficultto understand classical Chinese, which is called "Mi Jian". Gao is notunattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said, "the masterfollowed the rules and was good at attracting people. He learned from me inwriting and said that I was polite." My teacher is good at persuasion, teachingme culture and courtesy.

Han stone man. In the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two Han stonepeople with high historical value. One is the "Pavilion leader" (a localofficial of Han Dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. They areall guards in front of the tomb of the king of Lu. The stone man is valued bythe ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of HanDynasty clothing and writing.

Jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front ofthe Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui bridge, also known as Bishui bridge,with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.

Hongdaomen. Crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by theemperor of Ming Dynasty, which means "people can promote Taoism, not Taoism" inthe Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary literati, why become asaint? Praise Confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carryforward the Yao, Shun, Yu Tang, civil and military Zhou Gongs way. "To say thatpeople can command and create everything is to praise peoples subjectiveinitiative." There are two stone tablets under the Hongdao gate. The four edgedstone tablet in the East is the "history of Qufu", which records the history ofQufus evolution. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historicalvalue. In the west is the "epitaph of Mr. Chushi", which has high calligraphyvalue.

Big middle gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in SongDynasty. It is called "Zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solvedeasily with Confucius thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as"the great gate of the middle", praising Confucius knowledge as a collection ofhuman knowledge. In the middle, it means "the right way of the world in themiddle, the theorem of the world in the middle". Those who leave the middle arenot the right way, but the evil way. That is to say, no left, no right, fair andjust, forward is the mean. There are two turrets at the East and West ends ofDazhong gate, which are used to guard the Confucius Temple.

Tongwenmen, four famous brands, Confucian temple. There are four monumentsin the middle gate. The tablet of Hongzhi in the west of the Ming Dynasty talksabout the ethics of the cardinal principles. On the right side of the Hongzhimonument is the "Confucian temple map" drawn by Li Dongyang, a talented man ofthe Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of high value.

Chenghua stele was erected by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in MingDynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention ofcelebrities of all ages. First, Chenghua tablets regular script is wellwritten, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highestevaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius.The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius ideas andmethods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable fromthem. With Confucius principles and methods, one can make the best use of onestalents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that ifthere is Confucius way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius way,there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius way, there will be no world.Such as the inscription said: "I only have Confuciuss way, the world can not bewithout Yan, there is Confuciuss way, then the principle of justice and ethics,everything has its own place..., Confuciuss way in the world, such as cloth SuShu, peoples livelihood daily use can not be short of,... Born Confuciusvertical for the holy, lifes safety, benevolence and righteousness in theright, the rise of the teachers way, from travel 3000, to the holy is thenext."

Tongwenmen. The meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that ofthe text. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a goodjob; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record theexperience of historical communication, and random writing will lead toconfusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting booksgranted by the emperor. It was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi ofSong Dynasty (A.D. 1018), and was changed into "kuiwenge" when Jin Zhangzongrebuilt it. This unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure,which is an isolated example in the construction of China building. Afterseveral earthquakes, kuiwenge was not destroyed. In the earthquake of Kangxi 5years in Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained,and kuiwenge remained motionless.". Li Dongyang, the Minister of the Ministry ofofficial in Ming Dynasty, wrote "kuiwenge Fu", praising the architecturalresearch value of kuiwenge. Its the stele at the east end of the corridor.

In front of the pavilion, the eastern and Western courtyards are called"zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. Dongyuan is theresidence of Yan Shenggong, where Kangxi and Qianlong spent their time to wash.The West courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. Kong zhaoxun, theseventy-one generation grandson of Confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in thetemple for worshiping Confucius in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties onthe wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.

Thirteen stele pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of the ConfuciusTemple. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in Tang, song,Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents of the steles are the emperors,Imperial Envoys worship of Confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation ofConfucius. The records of the previous construction of the Confucius Temple arewritten in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and basiba languages. Eight in the South andfive in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. Because they areall steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stelepavilions. The third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the East werebuilt in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the steles arecalled "imperial steles". "Mian" is the mascot. It is said that the Dragon Kinghas nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at carryingheavy loads. The stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for itscharacteristics. The image should be the dragon head, turtle body, Eagle leg andsnake tail.

From the east to the north, the third Pavilion is a monument erected byEmperor Kangxi. Beijing Xishan stone by the Grand Canal, economic South andtransported here. Experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 Jin. It wassplashed with water and frozen along the way from Jining. Sometimes it came overon the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. Qufu originallyhad good stones, which should be transported from Beijing to show the emperorsattention to Confucius. There are two steles in the southeast and southwest ofthe courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers whobuilt temples and worshipped Confucius. The calligraphy value is very high.

There is one gate in the East and one in the west, Yucui gate in the Eastand Guande gate in the West. Commonly known as Donghuamen, xihuamen.

From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three routes. The fivegates are Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate on the left, Yuzhen gate on the right,Qisheng gate on the West and Chengsheng gate on the East. The architecturalstructure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". The center is inserted as"hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle".The three characters of dachengmen were written by Emperor Yongzheng. PraiseConfucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.

The first teacher planted juniper by hand. The tall and vigorous cypresstree on the left of Dacheng gate was planted by Confucius. According to records:Confucius cut three cypress trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (A.D.1214), they were destroyed by fire. The trees withered and sprouted newbranches. There were "three withers and three glories", and there was a sayingthat "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". During the Wanli period of theMing Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the firstteacher planted cypress by hand.".

Two long corridors. On both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a totalof 80, known as the "East and West veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. Confuciusis known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in sixarts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the East and West. All theemperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. Such as DongZhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun, Yue Fei and so on. Bythe time of the Republic of China, there were 156. The last sage is Mr. LiangQichao. The original statues and tablets were changed to wooden tablets.Dongxiwu now displays a collection of Zhonggui stone carvings before the SongDynasty. The most precious national treasures of Zhou gongxunzi and batpracticing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of Han and Wei dynasties. The"ritual stele", "Yiying stele", "Shichen stele", "Zhang Menglong stele" and "MiFu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. There aremore than 100 pieces of "Han Dynasty stone carvings" on display in Xiwu. Theyare all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of Han,Wei and other historical and social life. There are 584 stone inscriptions ondisplay at the north end of the East veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutraswritten by Kong Jisu, the 69 generation grandson of Confucius.

Apricot altar. It was built in memory of Confucius lecture. Confucius wasteaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. In 1018A.D. of Song Dynasty, Confucius had 45 generations

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

博鳌水城位于中国海南琼海市博鳌镇，濒临南海，是著名的万泉河入海口所在地。

博鳌水城区域内融江、河、湖、海、山麓、岛屿于一体，集椰林、沙滩、奇石、温泉、田园等风光于一身。东部的一条猗长的沙洲"玉带滩"把河水、海水分开，一边是烟波浩瀚的南海，一边是平静如镜的万泉河;在山岭、河滩、田园的怀拥下有水面保存完美的沙美内海;万泉河、九曲江、龙滚河三江交汇，东屿岛、沙坡岛、鸳鸯岛三岛相望。因其独特的自然资源、精心的规划以及高水准的开发建设，博鳌水城被海南省政府列为重点开发的旅游项目，1998年7月又被国家旅游局选为"中国43个优先发展的旅游项目"之一。

博鳌水城距海口美兰国际机场约100公里，规划面积41.8平方公里，其中水域面积8.5平方公里。距离琼海博鳌国际机场很近。东屿岛是万泉河入海口三座岛屿中最大的一个岛，岛的面积为1.72平方公里，岸线6.52公里，岛上遍布红树林、椰林、槟榔、野菠萝等热带植物，地形平缓，植被繁盛，环境幽雅，水田纵横，石路蜿蜒，民居古朴，自然景观和人文景观保存良好。开发后的东屿岛将建成一座国际一流的"博鳌亚洲论坛"会展中心。建成后的博鳌水城将是一个集国际会议中心、海滨温泉度假中心和高尔夫休闲康乐中心于一体的国际性旅游度假胜地。

博鳌水城作为亚洲地区唯一定期定址的国际会议组织总部所在地，于20xx年4月12日召开博鳌亚洲论坛首届年会，来自48个国家和地区的近20xx名代表与新闻记者参加会议，博鳌成为亚洲和世界关注点。水城根据论坛发展需求和水城自然地形、地貌，规划要建设田园型、岛屿型、运河型、山顶型酒店和水上宾馆、乡间别墅、高尔夫球场酒店逾30家。20xx年，在东屿岛上新开业的索菲特大酒店，为博鳌亚洲论坛提供了新的高档次会议场所。

高尔夫球场系列是水城的重要配套项目，规划将因地制宜设计6个(108洞)不同风格的高尔夫球场，与酒店系列遥相呼应。东屿岛高尔夫球场20xx年投入使用，是亚洲论坛会场索菲特大酒店最紧密的配套。

今天我的讲解就到此结束了，下面是大家自由参观的时间，我们大概在30分钟后在门口集合，希望这次参观能给大家留下一个深刻的印象，预祝大家能玩的开心，谢谢!

鲁迅故里导游词

各位游客大家好，我是你们的导游肖锦川，这天我将带领大家去绍兴鲁迅故里游玩。

绍兴是个历史悠久的文化古城，有桥乡、水乡、酒乡和鱼米之乡的美称，还被称为“东方威尼斯”呢!绍兴人才辈出，如陆游、周恩来等。这天，我们就去观赏文学家、思想家、革命家鲁迅的故乡。

我们先来到了百草园，百草园是鲁迅先生小时候嬉戏玩耍的地方，他以前在《从百草园到三味书屋》这篇著名的散文中写到：“不必说碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏、高大的皂荚树、紫红的桑椹……单是周围的短短的泥墙根一带，就有无限的趣味”百草园的名字虽然幽雅，但事实上是一块荒芜的菜地，是新台门几户人家共同拥有的一块菜地。鲁迅先生小时候经常和他的小伙伴一齐玩。他们玩捉蛐蛐、看蚂蚁背苍蝇的游戏等。大家游完了百草园，接下来我们去参观鲁迅笔下的三味书屋吧!

三味书屋是鲁迅读书的学校，叫私塾，学生要到老师家里去读书，这私塾便是老师的家，鲁迅的老师叫寿镜吾，寿老先生知识渊博，受鲁迅和同学们喜爱，大家往这儿看，那里的桌椅高高低低，因为去寿老先生家需要学生自我带桌椅，所以才高低不平，鲁迅的桌椅在教室右下角，远远望去上方还刻着一个“早”字，关于这个“早”，还有一个故事呢!一天，鲁迅的爸爸生病了，妈妈让他去药店买药，所以上学迟到了，被寿老先生狠狠地批评了，于是他便在自我的桌子上刻了一个“早”，勉励自我不要迟到。再走进去，你会看到一幅抱对：至乐无声唯孝弟，大囊有味是诗书。那里梁同书写的。三味书屋里还有一块匾额挂在墙上，十分醒目。三味书屋是个十分重要的景点!

此次旅游结束!如果还想玩，请去一个以鲁迅笔下的一位人物命名的土特产店，叫孔乙己土特产店品尝黄酒等特产，还能够品尝孔乙己最喜欢吃的茴香豆和臭豆腐。

下午，我们游了横店广州街、香港街景区。

横店广州街、香港街位于横店镇的北部，东临明清宫苑。

1996年为配合谢晋导演拍摄历史巨片《鸦片战争》，横店集团兴建了广州街景区，这也是横店最早的影视拍摄基地，横店抓住了这个历史机遇，由此开端，渐渐发展，横店镇成为了真正的影视城，也使得横店这样一个小镇发展成为了江南名镇，20xx年它的游客已突破500万人次，目前它的旅游年收入已经高达六、七十亿元。在旅游方面，中国有许多省会城市还比不过它。

香港街是1998年扩建的，广州街、香港街连接在一起，还原了一个上世纪四十年代广州、香港的街市风情。广州街有十九世纪羊城街景，还有复制而成的珠江及“十三夷馆”和“天字码头”。香港街有皇后大道、总督府、维多利亚兵营、汇丰银行、上海公馆、和翰园等十九世纪香港中心城区的众多街景。目前不但成为影视拍摄基地，更是广大游客怀古思今、玩赏游乐的好去处。

我们到时，正值天降暴雨(也即是绍兴被暴雨所淹，差一点沉没的那天)，进入景区里面，第一眼看到的即是“三元里”，不由得使人联想到三元里人民抗击英军侵略的那天也是暴雨如注，此情此景，触景生情。侵略者不但得到了中国人民的反抗，也得到了老天的惩罚。大雨使侵略者的洋枪因雨水淋湿而无法开火，而三元里人民的锄头铁靶却发挥了作用，这是一种怎样的可歌可泣的行动啊!在反抗帝国主义入侵的历史中，腐败的满清政府的军队从未打过一个这个辉煌的胜仗，而三元里的农民却做到了，这对当局者真是一个极大的讽刺。

该景区也有如“大话飞鸿”、“怒海争锋”等演出节目，我们看的是“怒海争锋”的演出，这个节目的故事是这样的：虎门关外的海盗船停在海中，向广州城倾销鸦片，中国海警与海盗进行激战，最后击毁了海盗船，捕获了海盗。在岸边的观众是人山人海，演出非常热闹，也很精彩，在暴雨中观看这样的演出，也真是别有一番风味，有不少人都淋湿了，也都浑然不觉。

演出结束后，我们就先从香港街看起，然后转入广州街，两条街两种截然不同的建筑风格，一边是欧美风格的林立的洋楼，一边是中国古式古香的雕栏画栋建筑;一边马路是水泥地面的，一边马路却是用卵石铺成的。两条街分明是两个世界。我们不说两条街的建筑的高下，因为建筑风格不同，高下是难分的。但有一点能看出当时中国人愚昧落后的地方，这就是广州街中烟馆林立，有钱人都以吸鸦片、逛妓院为荣。当时的中国，高层腐败无能，民众愚昧落后，贫富差距极大，人民生活困苦，内忧严重;而帝国主义却对中国虎视眈眈，妄图灭亡中国，使之成为他们新的殖民地，外患更甚。鸦片战争失败后，中国有识之士开始走一条富国强兵之路，甲午战争前，中国海军已号称亚洲第一，这跟目前的现状是何等的相似!甲午战败，根源还在于高层的腐败无能。

历史是一面镜子，马善被骑，国弱被欺。当前，我们只有富国强兵是远远不够的，我们更需要建立民主、自由、均贫富、等贵贱的社会，这样才会没有内忧。没有了内忧，才有精力来解决外患。只有这样，国家才会真正强大，民族才会真正兴盛，才会真正自立于世界民族之林。

Dear friends

Hello everyone! Welcome to Langshan, a world natural heritage, NationalGeopark and national AAAA scenic spot.

Langshan is located in Xinning County, Shaoyang City, southwest of HunanProvince. It is connected with Guilin in the South and Changsha in the north. Itis 140 kilometers away from Guilin and Shaoyang. It is another bright pearlafter Zhangjiajie. It is said that Emperor Shun visited Xinning during hissouthern tour. Seeing the beautiful mountains and waters, he stopped and praised"this mountain is good, it can be called Langshan." Langshan got its name fromthis.

Langshan was an inland lake tens of millions of years ago. Due to thechange of the earths crust, the bottom of the Inland Lake protruded, formingthe present Danxia landform with red sandstone structure. As we all know,Zhangjiajie is a quartz sandstone landform, Guilin is a karst landform, andLangshan is a typical Danxia landform. Its shape and scale have reached thelimit among the similar landforms in China. The height of bajiaozhai (293meters), the length of the first lane in the world (239 meters), the danger ofthe first bridge in Asia (64 meters), the danger of candle peak (674 meters),the Jue of Honghua red cliff, and the precipitousness of Jiangjun stone areamazing .

Langshan Scenic Spot covers an area of 108 square kilometers, with fivescenic spots, including niubizhai, Luotuofeng, bajiaozhai, zixiadong andfuyijiang, 477 scenic spots, three karst caves and a primeval forest.

Niubizhai

Dear friends, now I come to niubizhai scenic spot. Why is it calledniubizhai? Originally, on the right side of the big stone in the East, we cansee many pairs of "niubikou", which is called Niubishan by local people. Later,Lei zaihao and Li Yuanfa, the leaders of the peasants, gathered people to revolthere. Shidakai, the wing of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, stationed troops hereto build a stronghold, which was renamed Niubi stronghold.

As you ascend the stairs, you can see a natural landscape painting. Infront of it is a yaozhai style building "Yingbin Pavilion", which is a pass ofmountains. Behind it is a waterfall flying down from the mountain stream. In theshade of green, red and white Hibiscus set off the beautiful mountains andwaters. When you come to Yinzhu cave, you can see a string of water dropshanging directly, shining in the setting sun.

Through the Yinzhu cave, you come to the precipice of the steep rock.Facing the red cliff, you can see that there is no way to the four cliffs. Youcan only see a white ladder standing up on the cliff to reach "the first lane inthe world".

Professor Chen Guoda, a famous geologist and academician of the ChineseAcademy of Sciences, and the father of Danxia Landform in China, wrote thesewords in his own handwriting when he came to Langshan in 1992. Comparing theDanxia Mountain named in 1939 in Renhua, Guangdong Province, Mr. Chen expressedthe following exclamation: "Ive known the beauty of Danxia for half my life. Iknow that Langshan is better than Danxia. Why is the resort so late? I alsopraise the double wonderful flowers of the north and the south."

"The first lane in the world" is 238.8 meters long, with a relative heightof 100-120 meters. The widest part is 0.8 meters, and the narrowest part is 0.3meters. The two sides are like knives and axes. In the middle of the side, thereis a sigh that "the sky is shining, life is like a seam". There is no end to thefront, but a line of blue sky on the top of the head, confrontation betweencliffs and uncanny craftsmanship. When you walk out of the alley, you will besuddenly enlightened. A clear spring will come out on the road. It is cool andrefreshing. The shock, wonder, danger and tiredness just now have been sweptaway. You can only recall and experience the worldly artistic conception of"bright moon shining among pines, clear spring stone flowing upward".

When you come to houzhaimen, you climb along the rock wall on the rightside and climb up Yuxian lane. The lane is 178 meters long and the stone wall is60 meters high. The lane is covered with green bamboos, flowers and trees. Itsvery interesting for people to walk in it. Further on, you will find a saddleshaped stone ladder, the moon ladder. The narrowest part is only 26 cm. When youcome to the bottom of the valley, you can see that there is a Yin Yang and eighttrigrams array in the pass. The paths are crisscross. If there is no guidance,it is difficult to get out of this array. The front is like the lower part ofthe ape mans head mountain. You can clearly see a seven story building, namedseven story building, which is a masterpiece of nature.

After walking the long steps, you enter taoyuanchong. Taoyuanchong isindeed a paradise, with bamboo groves and emerald green everywhere. After athrilling journey, I happened to take a rest here to experience a day in themountains and a thousand years of free time in the world.

Bajiaozhai

Bajiaozhai scenic spot is located at the southernmost end of LangshanMountain on the border of Hunan and Guangxi, with an altitude of 818 meters. Itis composed of bajiaozhai, baimianzhai and Tianshengqiao. It is named after theeight peaks on the top of the mountain, which are connected with each other ashorns, like an octagonal lotus.

"Tianshengqiao", known as "the first bridge in Asia", is a unique naturallandscape in Danxia landform. The bridge is 64M long, 14m wide, 20m high and 5mthick. The whole bridge is semi-circular arch, like artificial masonry,magnificent, amazing. There is a sarcophagus under the bridge, the bottom coveris separated, lifelike, especially like a thousand year old antique. A smallstream flows around the bridge. The water is clear and blue, so it has thereputation of "green stream".

"Baimianzhai" is named for its silver gray rocks, white flowers and whitewaves. The mountain of the village is strong and dangerous. The stone gate ofthe village stands close to the gate. Only one person can get in and out of thevillage. Its really "one man is in charge of the gate, and ten thousand peoplecant open it.". Huge stones stand up in the village, and there are thousands ofscenes. This is not only the ancient castle of Yang Zaixing, Shi Dakai, Leizaihao, Li Shide and other famous generals and uprising leaders, but also thesite of the Neolithic period.

To climb the Bajiao village, you have to walk 1708 steps and three gates,namely xiangmen, Longmen and Zhaimen. The first one that leaped into the eye wasan elephant. It lowered its long nose to the ground and waited for friends fromafar. This was the first gate "elephant gate". Walking through the elephantgate, you can hear the sound of gurgling water. The clear stream moistens aspecial kind of plant. It appears yellow, blue, green, purple and other colorsin the sun. The common people call it "chameleon". Its scientific name is pileuslabiatus. It can only grow on the surface with high tungsten content.

Continue to walk up, come to an alley, this is the second door "Longmen",because there is a block in front of the head of the abrupt boulder named. Itssaid that if you want to burn incense there, you can do whatever you want.

After 1708 steps, I come to a platform. Standing here, I stride across twoprovinces, Guangxi on the left and Hunan on the right. The ancient city wallgate made of bluestone in front is the third gate "Zhaimen". Relying on thedangerous terrain, Bailian sect defeated the Qing army several times.

Bajiaozhai, known as the "soul of Danxia", was born in the sky and took thelead. A broad platform was formed on the top of the mountain, so it was calledYuntai mountain.

Bajiaozhai looks at the mountains and cliffs. Recently, a school of cliffs,red cliff Daiding, fighting waves, like a whale in the sea, like a beautiful inklandscape painting, lively, memorable.

Luotuofeng

Luotuofeng scenic spot is located in Shitian village of Langshan Mountain,14km away from the county seat. It is a typical pictographic scenic spot inDanxia landform. There are five small scenic spots: Feilian cave, yixiantian,chili peak, camel peak and Lianshan. There are more than 20 scenic spots,including Yuxian bridge, Shiba Luohan, Yanzi village, Douli village, yixiantian,lovers Valley, ghost Valley, chili peak, Longkou Chaoyang, Jiujiu TIANTI,lingjianpai and candle peak.

Facing us is a simple and elegant archway "Langshan natural park". Enterthe scenic area, along the way there is a small bridge water, the front right isYuxian bridge. The bridge was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of QingDynasty, with single stone arch, 6.8 meters long, 5.1 meters wide and 9 metershigh. It is made of hemp and stone. The bridge is exquisite, with green vinesattached. The location of the TV film "wind full of Xiaoxiang" was shothere.

The eighteen stone peaks on the right side of the line are listed as the"guard of honor" with the word "Eighteen Arhats". Welcome to our party.

Looking at the "couples stone" from afar, the husband and wife preparingfor the expedition are reluctant to part.

People are swimming in the middle of the picture, one scene after another,turning a corner, facing a swallow who is lying in the nest after foraging. Itis called "swallow village". It is 539 meters high and consists of three peaks.It looks like the head of a swallow in the middle, slightly lower on both sides,and has a platform on the top. It was once a fortress defended by the peasantuprising army.

Turn the corner again, the front is clear. A piece of farmland, severalfarmhouses, tall and straight candle peak, lifelike camel peak, is the center ofthe scenic spot, here is called Shitian village. The camels peak, 187.8 metershigh and 273 meters long, stands high above the peaks and sets off the greenmountains. It is like the longest, largest and heaviest camel in the world whocame here from a desert hike. There is an obvious cross on its back, and a boxbeside it forms the word "Tian", so it is called Shitian.

At the fork in front, to the left is the "yixiantian" of linjiazhai, whichis 525 meters high. At the foot of the village, the Northeast yixiantian isformed by cracks in the stone mountain, 60 meters long, 40 meters high, and 0.5meters at the narrowest point. It is necessary to use both hands and feet toclimb to the top along the artificial stone steps. Linjiazhai cliff is the bestplace for rock climbing training and competition, so the "national rock climbingtraining base" is located here. There are lovers Valley, thousand Buddhasrock, Toads rock, ghosts Valley, sacrifice cliff and so on.

Known as the "pillar of the southern sky", the "candle peak" is 674 metershigh, with a sharp top, four steep sides and a circumference of 400 meters. Itis named for its bright red body and its shape like a candle. There is a hugegap under the steep cliff of candle peak, which is 100 meters long, 50 metersdeep and 0.4-1.8 meters wide. The upper and lower rocks are as flat as knives.It is like a giant dragon. It opens to the East and West and tilts to 40degrees. At noon, the sun shines directly from Longkou to the bottom of theseam, forming a magnificent scene of Longkou swallowing beads and colorful,which is called "Longkou Chaoyang".

Walking out of Longkou, you can see the wordless stele from top to bottom.Many people failed to climb the steep cliff. Only a brave old man who collectedherbs once climbed the peak with his courage and wisdom, but he could notengrave a word on the tablet.

The capsicum peak is 180 meters high, about 100 meters long last week andonly 40 meters long next week. The red and dazzling capsicum is a symbol ofHunan peoples enthusiasm. In September 20__, the French "Spider Man" AlainRoberts unarmed rock climbing challenge to the Guinness world record was heldhere by Hunan tourism and cultural industry company.

Along the stone path, you can get to a platform. The 99 steps in the middleof the cliff on both sides are the only way to the top. This is the stone stepthat Yang faquin, the leader of the "Red Flower Club" in the early Qing Dynasty,chiseled with excellent martial arts when he was wanted by the Qing governmentfor fighting against the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty. It is verydangerous.

Zixiadong

Dear friends, the zixiadong scenic spot with green hills, clear river waterand low green willows is presented to you. It includes wanjingcao, Yuquanmountain, elephant trunk stone, Wuyun village, Liu Huaxuan tomb and other scenicspots, with Qingyou as its main feature. Yuquan mountain on the left, coveringan area of 0.5 square kilometers, is 301 meters high, with seven scenic spots.There is an ancient temple on the mountain, named Yuquan temple. It was built in1703, the 42nd year of Kangxi reign. Today, there are tombstones, inscriptionsand the tomb of the ancestors of Yuquan temple. After several repairs, theincense is very popular, and there is an endless stream of people who want tosign incense.

The oncoming stone mountain looks like a high thumb. The local people callit "thumb stone". It stands here rain or shine, waiting for friends fromafar!

Zixia cave is not a cave. It means "village" and "village". It is said thatthere is an eminent monk who travels here. He gets up every morning, lights acandle, spreads his cassock on the Hongwa mountain in front of the rosy clouds,and then meditates. The cassock is illuminated by the sun, and is surrounded byincense, so it is called "Zixia cave".

When we come here, we can feel the artistic conception of "thin shadow,horizontal slanting, clear water, dark fragrance, floating moon and dusk". It isalso the holy land of Buddhism and Taoism. Huiyuan, the great master ofBuddhism, and Lu Xiujing, the great master of Taoism, carried forward thedoctrine first and later. Therefore, the whole mountain is bounded by Youlu, theBuddhist holy land on the right, the Taoist blessed land on the left, and thenatural stone statues of Zixia Taoist. It is said that when he finished hiscultivation, his original body turned into a stone statue.

Talking and laughing, frogs also come to join the fun, to see a stone infront of the sky, like a giant frog squatting there, this is the frog stone.

Walk up the stone steps and enter the Zixia palace. Zixia palace has a longhistory. Since it was built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, it hasbecome a well-known place of heaven and fortune. In the palace there is a tallAvalokitesvara Bodhisattva, up to 6 meters high, holding a tilted jade bottle,meaning to sprinkle the dew on the earth.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were many talented people in Xinning,such as Jiang Zhongyuan and Liu Kunyi. After their death, they were buried intheir hometown, especially Langshan. Liu Kun knew the treasure land with a keeneye. He selected the hillside on the left side of the lotus pool in Zixia caveto build a tomb. The stone carvings around the tomb were exquisite andexquisite, and the stone figures, stone sheep and stone horses werelifelike.

On the left side is a 700 meter long and 100 meter high red copper wall andiron wall called Hongwa mountain. It is said that it is the place where theZixia Taoist put the cassock, which is a wonderful echo wall.

Fuyi River

Now that you have seen the great shore of Langshan, please feel thetenderness of Fuyi river. The beautiful Fuyi river is clear,

Strange peaks and rocks on both sides of the Strait, like a ribbon, runthrough the panorama.

Fuyi River and Lijiang River are the same source of Maoer Mountain inZiyuan County, Guangxi. They flow 229 kilometers from JINZI mountain to thenorth and south. Xinning County is called Fuyi river because it was called "FuyiMarquis state" in ancient times.

Fuyi River drifts for 22 kilometers, with a drop of 16 meters. The currentis gentle, passing through 12 beaches and 12 sceneries. Looking from afar, theriver flows and rocks turn, just like the artistic scroll of Langshans wonders.This section of water was dyed green by the green mountains and gently embracedby the strange stones.

When the boat sails in the river, it can be seen that the water color andthe sky shine on each other, the blue sky and white clouds, the birds gathereverywhere, the willows on both sides are dripping green, and the strange stoneschase the boat. The poet Ai Qing saw this picture of Fuyi River, and wrote acouplet to the people of Langshan, "the shadow of the trees across the river,the fish leaping over the branches, the birds sleeping in the water". If you areinterested, please write the couplet for AI Lao.

Before I knew it, I came to jiangjunshi, one of Langshans six scenicspots. "The lotus on the earth is covered with emerald scars, and the craggy onethousand feet point to the gate of heaven. The water level of the Fuyi river isas flat as a palm, and the red cloud holds the pilgrimage bottle of the sun. "This poem vividly shows its charming style. Jiangjun Shiyuan is a mountain. TheDanxia landform developed to the late stage. The stone pillars are 400 metershigh and 40 meters long. The top is slightly small, and the top and bottom areequal thick. The magnificent appearance of its independent sky can still be seen5 kilometers away.

玫瑰圣母堂的导游词

玫瑰圣母堂又称板樟堂或多明我堂，始建于1687年，是天主教的明我会教士初到澳门时设立的，至今已有四百年的历史。教堂于1828年重修，今天壮观的规模即源于此。

板樟堂供奉花地玛圣母，是葡国人很崇拜的神，堂内存有许多富有奇趣的油画及雕像，尤以耶稣基督像最为著名，从中可窥见古西班牙的宗教艺术特异之处。

圣堂内的天花板饰满图案装饰，其中有一皇冠图案，图下便是主坛，大门雕工精细；圣堂内部色彩缤纷，形状不一的彩色玻璃组合而成的图案，予人以明快之感；祭颠坛上有圣母圣婴像，圣堂内则设放花地玛圣母像，每年五月十三日的花地玛圣母出游即以此圣堂为起点。

教堂通常于下午开放，可先按门铃，然后经旁边闸门进入，再绕过一条长廊便可进入圣堂内部，圣堂后面设有一小博物院，内藏圣保罗大教堂所遗留下来的早期著名雕刻及遗物。

各位游客，大家好，我叫，大家叫我x导!在这里，我将为您们介绍我国古代文化的瑰宝，位于北京的故宫博物院。

紫禁城建筑原则是前朝后市，左祖右社。左祖右社就是故宫东南的太庙和西南的社稷坛。前朝就是故宫内上朝行礼的宫殿。以前神武门和景山之间曾经有市场，就是后市。

故宫内部宫殿又分为外朝、内廷，以乾清门广场为界，南边是外朝，举行大典的场所，以三大殿——太和、中和、保和为中心，东面文华殿、西面武英殿为两翼。武英殿清朝多尔衮曾经在此摄政，之后改为修书处，修出的书称为“殿本”。文华殿曾为太子居所，后来文渊阁成为藏书处。北边是内廷，中心是乾清宫、坤宁宫，为帝后寝宫，但清朝皇后不住坤宁宫，坤宁宫用于祭祀和皇帝举行大婚典礼的地方。乾清宫清朝雍正以后不再住人，而是接见大臣、举行内廷典礼、皇帝死后停灵所用。后三宫两边有东西六宫，是嫔妃的住所。乾清宫西面养心殿是雍正以后皇帝的居所，处理政事也在这里。

这是故宫比较靠中间的重要部分，此外还有西路慈宁宫、慈宁花园，太后住处，没有开放，我也不太清楚。外东路宁寿全宫，乾隆准备当太上皇时建的，但没有住过。

现在还有流传以前关于紫禁城建筑时的传说，。据说，当初刘伯温修建北京城皇宫的时候，皇上和他的儿子燕王打算把宫殿修盖得间量多点儿、大点儿，总觉得皇上住的地方应当特别华贵，不然就显不出天子的尊严。这天，皇上正要传旨宣刘伯温，就在这个节骨眼儿上，刘伯温来了。 刘伯温一见皇上就说：“启奏万岁，臣昨天夜里做了一个梦，梦见玉皇大帝把臣召到凌霄殿上对臣说：‘你朝皇帝要修盖皇宫，你告诉他!天宫宝殿是一千间，凡间宫殿万不可超过天宫。你还要告诉他，要请三十六金刚、七十二地煞去保护凡间皇城，才能够风调雨顺国泰民安，你要牢牢记住’。玉皇大帝说完这些话，就扑过来一阵白茫茫的香雾，一下就把臣吓醒啦!” 皇上听了觉着很怪，想了想，就下旨叫刘伯温去监造不到一千间，可还得跟天宫差不多间量的皇宫，并去请金刚、地煞来保护皇官。刘伯温领旨就办去了，这事儿一下子就在北京城传开了，老百姓都等着要看刘伯温怎样修盖皇宫，怎样去请三十六金刚、七十二地煞这些神仙来保护皇宫 过了些日子，刘伯温就把事儿全都办好了。皇上一看那宫殿盖得甭提有多华贵了，间量还真是不到一万间，再看宫院里金光闪闪，好像有神仙镇守。皇上愈看愈高兴，当时传旨，给刘怕温加封晋爵，还赏赐了很多珠宝。外邦听说刘伯温请了天神三十六金刚、七十二地煞保护皇城，也就不敢兴兵作乱了。 后来人们才知道，原来故宫里的宫殿是九百九十九间半;天神三十六金刚就是宫殿门口摆着的三十六口包金大缸;七十二地煞就是故宫里的七十二条地沟。

故宫里面的宏伟建筑代表了我国五千年文化的精髓。标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，但我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。