中英文

acknowledgementsmy deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis.

云南丽江，一个历史悠久，风景如画的小城，丽江古城的所在地。

我们乘车从机场来到了丽江新城，在一个旅馆里住下了，那天，我们没有去古城，只是站在窗边远远地眺望着那一幢幢的小房子。它们在夜幕下显得那么安静，不发出一丁点的声音;它们又是那么古朴，依稀看得见历史的足迹;它们还那么迷人，白墙黑瓦的古老小屋，远远望去，在高楼大厦之间显得那么得低矮，从窗户的玻璃后透出了油灯若明若暗的亮光，没过多少时间，灯渐渐熄了。

第二天，当东方露出了鱼肚白，晨曦的微光照耀着还没被唤醒的丽江古城，被稀薄的淡雾笼罩着的一切还是那么得宁静，只是偶尔有几阵微风吹得青草“哗哗”响，吹得小溪“丁冬”地流，吹得树叶“唰唰”地摇。一会儿工夫，太阳蹿上了高高的山头，古城也热闹起来了，家家户户都打开了“吱吱嘎嘎”响的木门，游客们也涌进了迷宫似的丽江古城。我也随着人群，随着一条潺潺流动的小溪，进入了古城。

第一次进入秀丽的的古城中，第一次亲密接触这古老的地方，我感到既新奇又兴奋，也特别仔细地看了这儿的景色。在宽阔的大街上，铺着光滑的石板，经过了历史的风霜雨雪，经过了许多人的踩踏，石头的棱角已经变得十分得光滑，踩在上面一不小心就要摔倒了。在石板路旁，有一条清澈的小溪流，流遍了整个古城，也是走出这个大“迷宫”的重要路标。再说这一幢幢低矮而朴素的小房子，斑驳的墙上有各种各样的印子，有深浅不一的磕痕，有交叉着的鞋印，也有方向不一的许多划痕。屋顶上铺着破旧的黑色瓦片，一下子就看得出那是很久以前的东西了。一切都散发着一股浓郁的历史的香气。

Lijiang, yunnan, a long history, a picturesque town, the seat of the old town of lijiang.

We went to lijiang city bus from the airport, stay in a hotel, that day, we didnt go to the ancient city, only stood at the window looking out over the towering at a small house. They are under the night is so quiet, not the slightest sound. They are so simple, vaguely see the footprint of the history; They are so charming, white wall HeiWa ancient house, from a distance, between the high-rise buildings seem so low, almost imperceptible fineness from the glass of the window after give the lamp light, not too much time, gradually the light went out.

The next day, when the east out of, the sky was a fish-belly grey on has not been the half-light of the morning wake up the old town of lijiang, all covered with thin thin fog still so quiet, only occasionally a few array breeze blown grass "abundance" ring, "ding ding" blown stream flow, blowing leaves "shua shua" shake. In a few minutes, the sun shot on the high mountain, the ancient city is lively, every family opened the "noise" of wooden door, the tourists also poured into the maze of lijiang. I also, along with the crowd as a flowing brook, entered the city.

For the first time into the beautiful ancient city, the first intimate contact this old place, I felt the excitement of novelty, special also carefully watch the scenery here. In the broad streets, with smooth SLATE, after a history of weathered rain and snow, after many people trample, stone has become ten piece of smooth edges and corners, trample on it will fall down carelessly. In the stone road, a small stream, with a clear stream all over the ancient city, is also out of this big "maze" an important signpost. Besides this a low and simple little house, mottled walls there are a variety of impressions, a two-tone ke marks, have crossed shoes print, also have different direction of many scratches. Covering the roof was shabby black tiles, suddenly see something that was a long time ago. Everything is sending out a full-bodied aroma of history.

Dear tourists, our car is driving on the viaduct of Yanan East Road, andwe will arrive at the Bund, a famous scenic spot in Shanghai in 15 minutes. Iwould like to introduce the general situation of the Bund scenic area.

The Bund is the window of Shanghai, the symbol of Shanghai and the cohesionof Shanghais history. He epitomizes the characteristics of Shanghai as Chinaslargest economic center and an international modern metropolis. It also reflectsthe characteristics of Shanghai as a famous historical and cultural city. TheBund scenic spot is a scenic spot where the natural landscape and culturallandscape are integrated. It is also a scenic spot where the western classicalcustoms and Chinese modern customs complement each other. It is also a scenicspot where Chinese modern culture and present culture complement each other.

The Bund is located at the junction of Huangpu River and Suzhou River inthe mother river of Shanghai. It rises from Wai Bai Du bridge in the north, andin the south to Xinkai River, Shandong road two Shandong Road area is about 1800meters long, and the terrain is crescent shaped. In the west of the Bund, thereare several important roads with their own characteristics, such as Beijing EastRoad, Nanjing East Road, Jiujiang Road, Hankou Road, Fuzhou Road, GuangdongRoad, Yanan East Road, Jinling East Road and so on. They are important supportsfor the construction and development of the Bund Scenic Area.

The Bund used to be a beach along the river in the northeast of Shanghai.In the old days, it was commonly known as Huangpu beach. After the founding ofShanghai in 1843, the first British Consul in Shanghai, John Balfour, took afancy to this area. In 1845, on the basis of the so-called "Shanghai landcharter" issued by Shanghai Daotai, 800 mu of land including the Bund wasdesignated as the British concession. In 1849, France also designated mu of landin the south of the British concession as the French concession. Later, the twocountries built roads along the river, known as Huangpu Road and huangputanroad. 1__ years later, that is, in 1945, in memory of the great revolutionarypioneer Dr. Sun Yat Sen, he changed his name to zhongshangdong Yilu.

In the 1920s and 1930s, more than 20 towering buildings with differentcharacteristics and classical styles were built along the river. More than 110banks and other financial institutions were set up in this area, making it thelargest economic center in the Far East at that time. During 1992-1993, theShanghai government carried out a large-scale transformation of this area. Theoriginal road was expanded into a wide road with ten lanes, and a unique WusongRoad bridge was built in the north to lighten the burden of Wai Bai Du bridge.Then, the viaduct of Yanan East Road was built, which made the traffic of thearea more smooth and showed the strong vitality of the international metropolis.Along the river, flood control walls and green corridors are built, and varioussculptures and architectural sketches are located in them, making the Bund morepoetic and picturesque. Standing on the viewing platform beside the HuangpuRiver, you can see the magnificent scenery of the ports in big cities. TheOriental Pearl TV Tower, which stands across the river, shrugs into the clouds.The International Conference Center is beautifully decorated, the Jinmao Tower,Bank of China Tower and other trans century skyscrapers are even higher than theskyscrapers. And the great bridge of Nanpu bridge and Yangpu bridge makes theBund borrow beautiful scenery.

Dear tourists, you must have wanted to see the magnificent scenery of theBund at this time. Let me show you the Bund scenic area.

Dear tourists, now we are standing on the viewing platform of the Bund. Tothe west is the famous scenery line of the World Architecture Expo. To thenorth, you can see the green corridor with green trees. To the north, HuangpuPark and the monument to the peoples heroes are also in the north. Lookingacross the river, you can see the skyscrapers in Lujiazui economic zone. Next, Iwill focus on the world famous architecture expo landscape.

You can see that from the Yanan East Road to the north of the outer whitebridge, in the west of Shandong Road, the more than 20 western classical stylebuildings are lined up, they constitute the universal architecture expolandscape. These modern classic buildings in Shanghai are originated fromwestern classical buildings, so to understand them, we should connect them withwestern traditional buildings, and understand their causes, characteristics andfunctions through comparison.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai rapidly became a prominent economic andcultural center of China and even the world at that time because of its superiornatural conditions and cultural environment, especially the profound culturalheritage created by the continuous exchange and integration of Chinese andWestern cultures and regional cultures of the north and the south. It madeShanghai a big stage for the worlds architectural masters to express their ownvalues and skills. At that time, the landing of a large number of foreignarchitects and the return of Chinese architects who had studied in Europe andAmerica brought advanced western architectural concepts and technologies toShanghai. Of course, the modern buildings in Shanghai created at that timepenetrated the influence of Western architecture. Therefore, the modernarchitecture of Shanghai at that time showed a flourishing scene, leaving alarge number of valuable cultural heritage. So far, no city in the world hassuch a large scale as Shanghai. Exquisite and exquisite modern buildings. Amongthem, the international architecture Expo is the most concentrated modernarchitectural complex in Shanghai.

亲爱的游客，我们的车子行驶在延安东路高架上，还有十五分钟就到了上海的著名景点外滩了。我在此向大家介绍一下外滩景区的概况。

外滩是上海的窗口，是上海的像征，是上海历史的凝聚。他集中体现了上海作为中国最大的经济中心城市，国际现代化大都市的特点。又能体现出上海作为历史文化名城的特点。外滩景区是自然景观和人文景观相融合的风景区，又是西方古典风情与中国现代风情相得益彰的风景区，也是中国近代文化与现在文化交相辉映的风景区。

外滩位于上海母亲河黄浦江与苏州河的交汇处，与东方明珠景区隔江相望。它北起外白渡桥，南至新开河中山东一路中山东二路地区全长约1800多米地形呈新月形。在它西面有北京东路南京东路九江路汉口路福州路广东路延安东路金陵东路等几条各具特色的重要道路，它们是建设和发展外滩景区的重要支架。

外滩原是在上海城厢外，东北面的沿江滩地。旧时俗称：黄浦滩。1843上海开阜后，英国第一任驻沪领事巴富尔看中了这一地区，于1845年以上海道台颁布的所谓〈上海土地章程〉为依据划定外滩在内的800亩土地为英租界。1849年法国也在英租界的南面划定亩土地为法租界。随后两国沿江开筑道路，称黄浦路，黄浦滩路。1__年后也就是1945年，为了纪念伟大的革命先驱孙中山先生才改名为中山东一路。

二十世纪二三十年代，沿江修筑起了二十多栋巍峨参差，各具特色的世界各国古典风格的建筑。并在此地区开设了110多家银行等经融机构，使之成为当时远东最大的经济中心。百年沧桑，上海政府于1992-1993年间对这一地区进行了大规模的改造。将原来的马路扩建成十车道的宽阔道路，并在北面建起来造型独特的吴淞路闸桥以此减轻外白渡桥的重负。随后又建起了延安东路高架，使该地区的交通更为通畅，更展现了国际化大都市的强劲活力。沿江则修建起防汛墙和绿色长廊，各类雕塑和建筑小品坐落其间更使得外滩诗情画意。站在黄浦江边的观景台上，江风拂面，江面波涛粼粼，百舸争流，江上海鸥高低飞翔，可一览大城市港口的绚丽风光。隔江而立的东方明珠广播电视塔耸入云宵，国际会议中心造型优美，金茂大厦，中银大厦等跨世纪的摩天大楼更是欲与天工试比高，以及南浦大桥，杨浦大桥宏伟的气魄更使外滩借得美景。

亲爱的游客们想必大家在此时已经很想一览外滩的壮丽风光了吧，那下面由我带领大家一起浏览外滩风景区。

亲爱的游客门，现在我们站在外滩的观景台上，西面就是著名的：万国建筑博览风景线，北面可以看到绿树成阴的绿色长廊，黄浦公园和人民英雄纪念碑也在北面。隔江眺望则能看到陆家嘴经融区的摩天大楼建筑群。下面我将重点给大家讲解世界著名的万国建筑博览风景线。

大家可以看到从延安东路高架下来一直到北面的外白渡桥，在中山东一路的西面成一字排开的20多栋西方古典风格的建筑，他们构成为了万国建筑博览风景线。这些上海的近代经典建筑源于西方的古典建筑，所以要想了解它们则要把它们和西方的传统建筑联系起来，在比较中了解他们产生的原因及特点和功能。

二十世纪二三十年代，上海凭借自身优越的自然条件和人文环境，特别是历代中西方文化以及南北地域文化不断交流融合所造就成的深厚文化底蕴，让上海迅速成为当时中国乃至世界的一个突出的经济文化中心。使上海成为当时世界建筑大师们竞相表现自身价值，展示自己不风身手的大舞台。其时大量外国建筑师的登陆，先期留学欧美的中国建筑师的回归，给上海带了西方先进的建筑理念和技术，当然也使得当时建造成的上海近代建筑渗透了西方建筑的影响。所以当时上海的近代建筑呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象，留下了一大批价值连城的文化遗产。目前为止世界上还没有一个国家的城市能像上海一样拥有如此规模庞大。精美，技术精湛的近代建筑群。其中万国建筑博览风景线就是上海最为集中的近代建筑群。

大雁塔景区是一处佛教圣地，是国家AAAA级景区，与唐代高僧玄奘法师有密切的关系，唐僧取经译经的故事就发生在这里。所有佛教寺院，都是僧众供佛、礼佛、诵经的道场，而大慈恩寺、大雁塔与其他寺院相比究竟有什么特别之处呢?古今中外和尚如云、高僧无数，那么唐僧玄奘何许人也?唐僧取经的故事为什么广为流传，今天大家参观过这个景区后，就会找到以上问题的答案。相信大家都知道《西游记》唐僧取经的故事吧? 然而在这个景区却没有《西游记》神话中“唐僧师父”，也找不到降妖除魔的“孙悟空、猪八戒和沙和尚”。但你会感受到一个活生生的、真实的唐僧玄奘西天取经故事。要说玄奘何许人?我们说他是一位顶天立地的中国人，是一个具有民族精神和爱国主义情怀的中国人。他又是一个得道的高僧，唐太宗尊称他是“法门之领袖”，唐高宗称他是“真如之冠冕”。

各位游客，我们现在来到了大雁塔南广场。本景区由主景区即大慈恩寺、大雁塔和南北广场、东西两苑组成，占地约500亩。在广场的中央矗立着一尊唐僧玄奘西天取经的高大铜像。只见他气宇轩昂，身披袈裟，手执锡杖，迈着坚定的步伐，好象正奔波在西行取经的路途上。身后就是他开创的慈恩祖庭，是他主持的译经道场大慈恩寺，以及他所修建的大雁塔。

玄奘(602-664年)，俗姓陈名祎，河南偃师人，自幼聪慧超群，勤奋好学。13岁被朝廷破格录取，在洛阳净土寺剃度为僧。玄奘先后周游全国十余省，遍访十余位高僧名贤，拜学经典，穷尽各家学说，誉满京师，被誉为“释门伟器和佛门千里驹。” 在全国各地游学后，他回顾佛教传入中国620xx年以来、佛经残缺不全，教义分歧，派别纷争的状况。玄奘在对佛经研习中，对佛经的质疑之处多达百余条。他决意到佛教发源地---天竺国，也就是现今的印度，去探求佛教的精蕴，以解众疑，弘扬佛法。公元620xx年他结伴上表奏请，申请赴印求法，未得到朝廷的批准。其他人纷纷退缩，而他不为所动，矢志不改，并且利用出国之前3年时间，从佛经研究、语言梵文及物质精神等方面作了充分准备。遂违禁出关，即违法偷渡出境，昼伏夜行，只身前往，开始了他西天取经的艰难历程和传奇故事。现在请大家继续参观。

现在我们来到大慈恩寺，寺院的正门称为山门，也叫三门，分别称为空门、无作门、无相门，象征着佛教的三解脱之门。大家看，门上的牌匾是亲自题写的“大慈恩寺”几个金光闪闪的大字。慈恩寺创建于隋开皇九年(公元589年)，初名“无漏寺”.公元648年，唐高宗李治作太子时，为其母以追荐冥福修建寺院，故得名“慈恩寺”。寺院虽系太子李治为其母追福而建，也表达了其父唐太宗怀念文德皇后的心愿。唐太宗和文德皇后从小结发，情深意长，13岁即“嫔于太宗”，当时太宗李世民才17岁。太宗即位时，立其为皇后。文德皇后为人贤良正直，顾全大局，严于律已，她为了大唐社稷，力避裙带之嫌，她坚持不愿自己兄弟子侄担任朝廷要职。而对于魏征、房玄龄等忠勇良臣，却全力保谏爱护。皇后的申明大义，正直贤慧，成为大唐贞观盛世的良佐栋梁。在临终遗言时还强调“不可厚葬，俭薄送终”。如此贤淑开朗，确不愧为一位有胆识、有胸怀的女政治家。对文德皇后的去世，太宗十分悲恸，向近臣表白：“朕非不知天命而无益之悲，但入宫不复闻规谏之言，失一良佐，故不能忘怀耳!”所以大慈恩寺的创建，实际是唐太宗父子两代为文德皇后祈福之举，也是唐王朝对一代贤后的纪念。

唐代大慈恩寺位于长安城南晋昌坊东半部，约398亩，总共1897间，僧众300，为长安规模宏伟之佛教寺院之一。在慈恩寺建成之初，朝廷特地迎请从印度取经回到长安、正在弘福寺译经的玄奘担任寺院的上座住持，大慈恩寺遂成为当时中国佛教界的最高学府而辉煌一时。唐末以后因战事不断，寺院逐渐荒芜，经历代多次维修，至公元1446年，才奠定了今日寺院规模。

现在寺院的范围东西阔160米左右，南北长318米左右，共计93亩，该寺院主要建筑，由南向北依次排列着山门、钟鼓楼、东西配殿、法堂藏经楼，大雁塔及玄奘三藏院。东西两侧分别为方丈院、僧院、寺管院、文管院等。

我们大家走进山门，可以看到钟、鼓二楼对峙，东侧钟楼内悬挂有一口铁铸的“雁塔晨钟”。该钟铸造于公元l548年，钟上铸有“雁塔晨钟”4个苍劲的大字，这口雁塔晨钟自造成启用至今天，一直作为大慈恩寺行仪规范，是本寺佛教活动和众僧生活的组成部分。晨钟作为佛教大型法器，是召集众僧进行法事之用。寺院僧人们每天闻钟而起，闻鼓而眠。当拂晓时分，晨钟那洪亮的阵阵钟声划破晨曦朝霞，回绕在西安城南上空，共敲3阵，每阵36响，共鸣108响，表示断除尘世人生108种烦恼，祈祷盛世太平、万民安乐、五谷丰登。

西侧鼓楼悬挂一面大鼓，寺院称为暮鼓，为横置座鼓形式，钟、鼓均为寺院大型法器。东西配殿原为东观音殿，现为客堂，西为地藏殿。

现在我们来到大雄宝殿参观。高台上的大雄宝殿为寺院的中心建筑，大雄宝殿的匾额金光闪闪，系已故中国佛教协会会长赵朴初先生所书。大殿前香火兴旺，大殿内供奉有佛祖三身佛像，中为法身佛毗卢遮那佛，西为法身佛卢舍那佛，东为应身佛释迦牟尼佛。佛像两侧是佛的弟子，东为迦叶，西为阿难，两旁还有普贤菩萨塑像和文殊菩萨像，均为明代雕塑，分别象征真理和智慧。另外东西两厢排列着包括玄奘在内的18尊罗汉像，此种排列是将佛的16位声闻尊者与其说者庆友、译者玄奘共列为18罗汉，为我国18罗汉较早的排列形式，以后还有其它排列形式。罗汉是小乘佛教修行的最高境界，指已消除一切烦恼进入涅槃,不再生死轮回，应受天人供养者。罗汉的三义即为：杀界，就是断绝贪、嗔、痴等一切烦恼;应供。应受外人供养;不生，永远进入涅槃，不再进入生死轮回。在大殿供奉的主尊背后塑有立于大海鳌头之上的南海观音菩萨像及众菩萨、龙女、木叉等150身人物，还有善财童子53参求法学道故事，生动有趣，生动展示出南海之中普陀洛伽山观音菩萨说法道场的蓬莱仙境。

在大雄宝殿西侧墙壁上镶嵌着几通“雁塔题名记”碑，象这样的雁塔题名碑在我景区有几十通。“雁塔题名”始于唐代，指得是在长安考中的状元和进士，齐集大雁塔题名，以及武举在小雁塔题名的文化活动，明嘉靖十九年(1540年)陕西乡试题名碑文就有：“名题雁塔天地间第一流人第一等事也。”唐代诗人白居易在公元820xx年考中进士后赋诗道：“慈恩塔下题名处，十七人中最少年。”一时成为佳话。人称“寒酸孟夫子”的孟郊，在46岁才中进士，他赋诗曰：“昔日龌龊不足夸，今朝放荡思无涯。春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花。”他登科后“春风得意”的著名诗句，成为脍炙人口的美谈。

在古都长安雁塔题名活动虽延续一千多年，而进士题名仅仅延续到唐末。因为自唐末以后各朝各代，长安城不再是国都京城，陕甘两省乡试举人仿效唐进士雅举在雁塔进行题名活动。在大慈恩寺院内和大雁塔上，至今尚存的明清两朝乡试举人题名碑有73通。另外在荐福寺小雁塔院内至今也保存有明清武举题名碑17通，也称“雁塔题名”。因为在大小雁塔仿效唐人题名于塔壁、颇具唐风遗韵，后来逐渐形成为文题大雁塔、武题小雁塔。这些都是研究我国科学制度的历史资料。

大殿北面为两层高的法堂藏经楼，上层藏有玄奘曾翻译的经卷，下为法堂，供奉着一尊阿弥陀佛像，系明代铜铸鎏金佛像。法堂还陈列着玄奘供奉的佛座、玄奘负笈图及窥基、圆测碑拓画像等。圆测市新罗国王孙，由年出家来到中国后，从学于玄奘门下;窥基是玄奘嫡传弟子，本是开国元勋尉迟恭的侄子，每当出门有三车厢随，故有“三车和尚”的绰号。由此可见玄奘在当时的名声与地位。

现在，大家来到大雁塔脚下，大雁塔原称慈恩寺浮图。玄奘法师为了妥善保存从印度取经带回的大量佛经和佛舍利，于公元652年附图表上奏，经朝廷批准，在本寺西院，建造5层佛塔。每层皆存舍利，共一万余粒。玄奘法师亲自参加建塔劳动，搬运砖石，历时两年才建成。

至于“雁塔”的名称由来，有数种说法。而玄奘自己编撰的《大唐西域记》中所述的佛教故事最为可信。据玄奘的《大唐西域记》记载，佛教在早期分大乘和小乘两宗，大乘戒食肉，小乘不戒。古印度摩揭陀国有一座王舍城，城外帝释山上有一寺院，寺院和尚信奉小乘教，一天，中午将过，众僧饥肠辘辘，午饭尚未着落，甚为埋怨。有一和尚忽见空中群雁飞过，随口出戏言：我等诸僧多日没有吃肉了，若菩萨有灵，应知我们的困境呀!话音刚落，即见头雁退着飞，到了这个僧人前便折断翅膀掉了下来，众僧人大惊，明白是如来设法教育他们，众僧急忙跪拜，并将那只雁葬于院中。上建一塔，取名雁塔，从此归信大乘，不再吃肉。这就是雁塔名称的由来。“雁塔”一词前加一“大”字，一是因塔的建筑宏伟壮丽，二是后建的荐福寺塔也随着称为雁塔，为了区别，遂分别称为大雁塔、小雁塔。玄奘在印度求法时，还专程前往参礼了这座有名的雁塔。

玄奘法师亲自组织建造的这座佛塔，因砖表土心，风雨剥蚀，40多年后逐渐毁坏。武则天长安年间(公元701--720xx年)女皇武则天和王公贵戚施钱重建。遂将大雁塔改建为七层宝塔，人称七级浮图，较前更加庄严雄伟。人们常说得：“救人一命，胜造七级浮图”，概由此而来。

千百年来，大雁塔一直是古城西安的象征和标志性建筑。高耸入云的大雁塔，象征着玄奘法师崇高的人格品质和伟大精神。

大雁塔是典型的仿木构楼阁式砖塔，更以“唐僧取经”故事驰名中外。大雁塔由塔座、塔身、塔刹组成，通高为64.7米，门楣门框上雕刻有唐代线刻画。四门楣分别以流畅生动的阴刻线雕有佛、菩萨、金刚力士画像。特别是西门楣线刻画中，那讲经说法的佛祖，神情端庄慈祥，30尊各路菩萨神态自若、栩栩如生。是今天我们研究唐代建筑、佛教艺术和历史文化的珍贵资料。

在雄伟的大雁塔底层南门洞两侧嵌置着唐太宗所撰“大唐三藏圣教序”碑，和唐高宗作太子时所撰“大唐三藏圣教序记”碑，两通“二圣”丰碑，均由当时的中书令(宰相职)褚遂良所书。像这样两碑碑文和碑额都相对排列，左右对称。镶嵌于佛塔，这是绝无仅有的。碑文下方又雕刻有衣带飘逸，舞姿飞动的舞乐天人，细看“序”碑乐师所执乐器为管乐，而“记”碑乐器为弦乐。如此天乐舞姿，犹如佛国仙境。

有人称雁塔圣教序碑为“二圣三绝碑”。一是二圣御撰——太宗李世民撰《序》，太子李治撰《记》之威名，二是玄奘取经——赞扬玄奘西天取经宣扬佛法之内容，三是大家书法——褚遂良之书法名作，四是立于皇都——长安城内佛门大慈恩寺的庄严神圣之地。所以此碑为国宝中之瑰宝，名碑中更享盛名。

现在，大家来到大雁塔的一层。首先请看两侧墙壁上这两通石碑，一是玄奘负笈图，一是玄奘译经图。这两碑的画面是玄奘法师光辉人生的生动写照。

再看塔柱上悬挂的四幅长联，是由唐太宗、唐高宗和玄奘法师的原话编制而成。

第一幅：摘自唐太宗御制大唐三藏圣教序碑，大意是：玄奘法师称得上是佛教的领袖，他冒着朝廷禁令和生命危险，克服种种艰难险阻而单身独骑远征求法，遍访高师，探询和研究佛经，将这些佛教真理广为弘扬，将与日月同辉，与天地同在。

第二幅：摘自唐高宗御制大慈恩寺碑，大意是：玄奘法师可称得上是佛教的冠冕人物，在取经路途，风餐露宿，他使佛灯高照，使佛教得以弘扬，他代表着一个时代，他超越了西域的佛图澄、鸠摩罗什、竺道生和慧远这样的高僧，玄奘法师的功绩和精神可谓前无古人，后无来者。

第三幅的意思是：奉敕创建大慈恩寺，又奉旨翻译佛经，我真诚地希望佛法慧流弘扬光大，定能够保佑国运长久，圣教得以弘扬，光照中华史册，智慧的情怀天下可鉴，永远映照在弘扬佛法的福田之上。

第四幅的意思是：我们怀着崇敬的心情，修建这一佛塔，以安置从西天带回的佛教三藏经典，雄伟的佛塔愿千佛保佑，同来关注;我们还要树立丰碑，镌刻两位圣上所撰写的珍贵碑文，佛塔圣迹将与天地同在，永远矗立在长安胜地。

现在我们开始向上攀登参观。请大家轻步登塔、注意安全。在各层都有丰富的陈列，分别供奉有明代鎏金佛像、印度佛教高僧赠送的佛祖舍利，陈列有佛足迹碑石，系玄奘晚年刻制供奉的佛足石的复制品，以及玄奘诗词、于右任、齐白石诗词书法作品等。其中第六层悬挂有唐代几位大诗人的诗词书法作品。

公元752年秋天，正值大雁塔创建100周年，诗圣杜甫会同岑参、高适、薛据、储光羲5位大诗人，同登大雁塔，举行了一次别开生面的雁塔诗会。他们凭栏远望，看到古塔巍巍，秋景如画的情景，激发了每个诗人的情怀和诗兴。著名的边塞诗人岑参兴致勃勃呤唱道：“塔势如涌出，孤高耸天宫。登临出世界，蹬道盘虚空。四角碍白日，七层摩苍穹。下窥指高鸟，俯听闻惊风。”大家请杜甫赋诗，只见他情怀澎湃，诗句如潮，一开口就语出惊人，气概不凡，他吟唱道：“高标跨苍穹，烈风无时休。自非旷士怀，登兹翻百忧。七星在北户，河汉声西流。羲和鞭白日，少昊行清秋。秦山忽破碎，泾渭不可求。俯视但一气，焉能辨皇州。”这些诗作都是难得的千古绝唱。

大家登上了佛塔的最高层，真有一种“登临出世界”的出神入化的美妙感受，向四面凭栏远眺，古城的壮丽景色尽收眼底，让人留连忘返。

游客朋友，现在让我们缓步下塔，注意安全。到后面玄奘三藏院继续参观。

现在，大家来到玄奘三藏院的门口。玄奘三藏院是一组仿唐风格建筑群，由中院大遍觉堂、东院般若堂、西院光明堂三院组成，其面积为3224平方米。

如果要问：西安大慈恩寺的镇寺之宝是什么?那就是玄奘法师的顶骨舍利和佛骨舍利，因为玄奘舍利与佛舍利都是极为珍贵的佛教文物。

游客朋友，在玄奘三藏院的大遍觉堂，供奉着玄奘坐像和玄奘大师的一份顶骨舍利。与此同时，玄奘其他灵骨舍利已广布在世界各地，象征着和传播着玄奘精神，将与日月同辉，与天地同在。

玄奘三藏院内有近400平米精美的大型壁画，反映了佛界圣景和玄奘的生平故事。从玄奘出生、出家、出国求法开始了他辉煌的一生。

玄奘于公元620xx年从长安出发，游学西域。经兰州、敦煌、高昌等地，取道吉尔吉斯、哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔等国。沿着“丝绸之路”，以惊人的毅力，闯“万死之地”，克服数不清的艰难险阻，前往佛国印度。漫漫西行取经路上，充满着险恶和无数的艰难险阻。但在玄奘面前，没有过不去的火焰山，没有过不了的通天河。在人迹罕至的沙漠孑然孤行。当水囊倾覆，五天四夜滴水未进，几度昏厥于沙丘，在这危险绝境面前，玄奘靠着“不至西天，不东归一步”的誓言和信念，绝处逢生，脱离险境。

经过整整3年的艰难跋涉和5万余里孤征，玄奘终于到达佛国圣地——天竺印度，如愿以偿地就学于著名的那烂陀寺。公元645年，玄奘西行取经归来，携带大量佛舍利、8尊佛像及657部佛经，载誉回国，受到唐太宗朝野及国人的隆重欢迎。抵达长安时，僧俗百万之众倾城出迎，盛况空前。公元648年，大慈恩寺初建落成，玄奘奉受太宗敕请，到大慈恩寺担任首任住持，继续翻经。他先后在长安弘福寺、慈恩寺、西明寺、铜川玉华宫等译场组织翻译历时20xx年，直到圆寂。

概括玄奘的翻译，有数量多、质量高、内容全和路子新4个显著特点。首先，玄奘无论从质量上或数量上，都远远超过前人。仅玄奘一人就译出1335卷佛经。由于玄奘译本准确可靠，而他所依据的原印度梵本散失很多，因之玄奘译本被视为 “准梵本”。由此才有了唐代佛教的鼎盛时期，以及许多海外高僧入唐求法的新局面。

我国的翻译从佛经翻译开始，而玄奘开创了我国佛教翻译史上的“新译”先河。玄奘是我国历史上著名的佛学家、翻译家、旅行家，同时又是一位对祖国无限忠贞的伟大爱国者。他还把中国古代重要的哲学著作《老子》等翻译成梵文传入印度，促进了中印文化的沟通与交流，奠定了两国人民的友好情谊。有一首诗高度概括了玄奘精神，并寄语今天的留学生和青少年。其诗曰：“雁塔曾将贝叶藏，千秋盛誉赞玄奘。不辞艰辛游天竺，取得真经返大唐。留学只缘图利国，求知理应做腾骧。诸君勿被香风醉，莫把他邦当故乡”。为继承和弘扬玄奘的爱国主义精神，大雁塔已被选定为爱国主义教育基地。

公元664年，玄奘在铜川玉华寺圆寂，唐高宗得知噩耗后，罢朝三日，失声痛哭说：“朕失国宝也，国失栋梁也!”玄藏灵柩运回京城，安置在慈恩寺翻经堂，京城道俗哀号动地，奔赴吊唁。在举行玄奘法师葬礼时，送葬者多达百万之众，当晚有3万多人露宿在墓旁，为玄奘守灵。人们对这位舍命求法，呕心沥血译经，生前辉煌一世，死后苇席裹尸的一代高僧表示了崇高的敬仰和悼念。这里已成为永远瞻仰玄奘、纪念玄奘的佛教圣地。

游客朋友们，大雁塔主景区参观就到这里。下来我们到北广场和东苑、西苑去参观。北广场是全亚洲最大的水景喷泉和唐代文化广场，东西两苑有别具特色的陕西民俗文化公园。

Wild goose pagoda scenic area is a buddhist holy land, is the national AAAA level scenic area, and the tang dynasty monk xuan zang mages have close relations, tangs monk buddhist scriptures translated by the story is taking place. All buddhist temple, are monks worship Buddha, proving, chanting dojo, and large temple, pagoda compared with other temple what is special about? Monk as a cloud, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign monk countless, tangs monk xuan zang who? Why the story of tangs monk scriptures widely circulated, today visited the scenic spot, will find answers to these questions. Believe that everyone knows the story of "journey to the west" tangs monk scriptures? In this scenic spot, however, there is no "journey to the west" myth "tangs monk teacher", also can not find decline demon in addition to the magic of "sun wukong, pig eight quit, sand monk". But you will feel a living and true tangs monk xuan zang to obtain buddhist scriptures. Xuan zang to say who? We say that he is an indomitable spirit of the Chinese people, is a have feelings of the Chinese national spirit and patriotism. He is a famous monk, taizong your respectful name he is "leader" of practice, the emperor tang said he is the crown of the "reality".

Dear visitors, now we move to the south wild goose pagoda square. This big temple scenic area by the main scenic spot, the wild goose pagoda and the north and the south square, things of two yuan, covers an area of about 500 mu. At the center of the square stands a statue of tangs monk xuan zang to obtain buddhist scriptures tall statue. See his eaves, Khmer, hand-held tin staff, with a firm pace, as if is travelling in the journey of the experiences of the west. Behind him is that he pioneered jion cradle, is hosted by his translation of the temple, and he has built the wild goose pagoda.

Xuan zang (602-664), common family name is Chen yi, henan yanshi, have been super intelligent, industrious. 13 was abnormality admits, ranked in luoyang pureland temple tonsure a monk. Xuan zang has toured the country ten Yu Sheng, visited more than 10 senior monk MingXian, learn the classic, end doctrine, reputation capital, is known as the "door shi wei and buddhist li colt." Travel all over the country, after he review incomplete, Buddhism was introduced into China since 600, a buddhist doctrinal differences, the status of the faction disputes. Xuan zang in buddhist studies, buddhist scriptures the question of the article up to hundred. The origin - tianzhu country he was determined to Buddhism, which is todays India, to explore the essence of Buddhism aggregates, to solve the doubt, carry forward the dharma. He in 627 AD, the table together, apply for to print, not approved by the court. Someone else have quit, but he refused, to dont change, and use three years before going abroad, from the buddhist studies, both material and spiritual aspects of language Sanskrit and are fully prepared. Hence illegal customs, namely illegal smuggling exit, the day fu night, go alone, began his hardships of India to obtain buddhist scriptures and legend. Now, please continue to visit.

Now we went to the temple, the temple of the main entrance is called the gate, also called three, respectively called gate, door, door, a symbol of the three free of Buddhism. You see, the tablet is comrade jiang zemin personally inscribed on the door of "big temple" several characters of the shining. Temple was founded in sui huang nine years (AD 589), the early name "no leakage temple". In 648 AD, the emperor tang Li Zhi make prince, commend to chase the ghost fu for his mother to build temple, so the name "temple". Temple have to its parent after the prince Li Zhi built, also expressed his father emperor taizong miss weld the queens wish. Emperor taizong and DE queen grew up loving, eternal friendship, at the age of 13 namely "wives by emperor taizong", emperor taizong account was only 17 years old at the time. Emperor taizong acceded to the throne, made the queen. Weld queen good upright, the tail from wagging the dog, strict in law already, she to datang shrines, avoid nepotism, she insisted that dont let his brother sons and nephews in court. For Wei Zheng, fang xuanling brave LiangChen, but all about love. Of the queens sense of honor, just virtuous, become the tang dynasty heyday LiangZuo beams. At last words also stressed that "no lights, waste thin death". So virtuous cheerful, it deserves to be a female politicians have courage, have heart. On the death of 33 queen, emperor taizong very grief, XiangJinChen confession: "I not know destiny but not of sadness, but no longer smell the suggestion of speech into the palace, a LiangZuo, so cant forget the ear!" So big temple created, actual it is taizong blessing of the father and son to weld the queen, and after the tang dynasty to the generation of xian memorial.

Big in the tang dynasty temple is located in the eastern half of chang an city JinChang fang, about 398 acres, a total of 1897 rooms, 300 monks, as one of the buddhist temple of changan grand scale. At the beginning of the temple was built, the court specially to meet please return from India to changan, is a hong fu temple by xuan zang as temple abbot attendance, big temple became the highest institution of higher learning and the flourishing of Chinese Buddhism. Continuously by war after tang dynasty, the temple gradually deserted, experience and repair for many times, until 1446 AD, is laid the temple size today.

Now the scope of the temple width of 160 meters, north and south long 318 meters, a total of 93 acres, the main building the temple, from south to north lined the entrance, drum tower, things peidian peidian, dharma scripture-stored tower, the wild goose pagoda and the monk xuan zang. Things on both sides, respectively, the monastery, temple abbot yuan pipe, tube institute, etc.

We walked into the entrance, you can see on the second floor of the bell and drum, in the east tower suspension with a cast iron back "wild goose pagoda". Casting in the clock l548 AD, cast with the clock back "wild goose pagoda" four strong characters, the wild goose pagoda mouth back from cause to enable to today, have been as great temple do instrument specifications, is BenSi buddhist activities and the other part of the monks live. As Buddhism large multiplier, morning bell is called his monks to make. The temple monks WenZhong every day, to smell drum but sleep. Back when the dawn, the loud sounds of ding lacerate morning sunrise, wrap over south, a total of 3 array, each array 36 ring, struck a chord with 108 ring, said 108 kinds of renouncing earthly life troubles, prayer times peace, and all the peoples happiness, good harvest.

The west side of the drum tower hang a big drum, temple called MuGu, to tap the drum tower, bell and drum are large multiplier for the monastery. Things peidian peidian former east guanyin hall, now the guest room, west to hid in the house.

Now we come to visit Ursa major. High on the stage of Ursa major for the center of the temple building, Ursa plaques glittering, is the late President Mr. At the beginning of the buddhist association of China book. Incense before the prosperity, the main hall of the temple to worship the Buddha within three body of Buddha, for indicating the Buddha which he covered the Buddha, west for indicating the Buddha luo that Buddha, east to Buddha shakyamuni Buddha. Buddha flanked by a disciple of the Buddha, east to kasyapa, west to the difficult, on both sides and samantabhadra bodhisattva statues and like manjusri bodhisattva, are the Ming dynasty sculpture, the symbol of truth and wisdom, respectively. Double-box lined with other things, including xuan zang, 18 arhats, such arrangement is to the Buddhas 16 their honour person with speaker friends celebrate, the translators were listed as 18 arhats, xuan zang for 18 arhats earlier arrangement in our country, there are other arrangement in the future. Lohan is theravada Buddhism, the highest realm of practice refers to eliminate all the troubles to enter nirvana, death and rebirth, no longer is a provider. Oceans three righteousness is: kill, cut off is greed, hatred, and delusion, etc. All the worry; Should be for. Should be by outsiders to support; Not born, enter nirvana, forever no longer into the cycle of life and death. Behind the hall of worship Lord Buddha plastic is standing on the top of the south China sea guanyin bodhisattva as as well as the bodhisattva, dragon lady, wooden fork 150 characters, and the good fortune the lad 53 and seek legal way story, lively and interesting, vivid display of the south China sea avalokitesvara putuo lo ng mountain dojo penglai fairyland.

On the west side of Ursa walls inlaid with a few "wild goose pagoda title" tablet, wild goose pagoda title like this tablet in the scenic spot I have dozens of tong. "Wild goose pagoda title" began in the tang dynasty, refers to the top of is in changan exceeded otherregions HeJinShi, gathered wild goose pagoda, and Wu Ju cultural activities, on the small wild goose pagoda title jiajing nineteen years (1540), after having obtained title metropolitan examinations of shaanxi inscription is: "name the topic wild goose pagoda between heaven and earth first things first." After the tang dynasty poet bai juyi in A.D. 800 exceeded otherregions jinshi spring-and-autumn way: "jion tower under the title, 17 of the boy." Implemented at the moment. Said "poor Meng Fuzi" meng jiao, jinshi in only 46 years old, he spring-and-autumn yue: "old dirty not kua, debauchery is long, life is short. Today percussion horseshoe disease, a day to see changan flowers." After he receive government degrees "" spring in his famous poem, become popular .

In the ancient capital of chang an activity is a continuation of more than one thousand years, wild goose pagoda title and title jinshi just continue to the tang dynasty. Because each in each generation, since the tang dynasty chang an is no longer a capital city, but so do dungans followed a provinces after having obtained juren Tang Jinshi jas have title activity on the wild goose pagoda. He in the temples and the wild goose pagoda, is still a deposit of the Ming and qing dynasties after having obtained juren title tablet in 73. In the jianfu temple, the small wild goose pagoda has also kept a Wu Ju title title 17 tong Ming and qing dynasties, also known as the "wild goose pagoda title". Because the size of wild goose pagoda emulate title in the tower, considerable tang tang dynasty life, then gradually formed as title wild goose pagoda, the small wild goose pagoda. These are historical data in the system of our countrys scientific research.

North of the hall for the two-story dharma scripture-stored tower, the upper with xuan zang had translated books, the dharma, dedicated to a statue of amitabha Buddha, is the Ming dynasty bronze figure of Buddha of fine gold. Xuan zang consecrate Buddha dharma is also on display, xuan zang institution and peek at base, round BeiTa portraits, etc. Round city ghost kingdom prince, by year after becoming a monk came to China, given up to xuan zang and door; Snapshot of the base is xuan zang ambitions, this is the founding fathers WeiChi ready and nephew, every time go out with three car, so has the nickname "three monks". Thus it can be seen at the time of xuan zang, fame and position.

Now, at the foot of the people came to the wild goose pagoda, formerly known as temple of great wild goose pagoda FuTu. Master xuan zang to keep from India brought back a large number of buddhist scriptures and the Buddha sarira, in AD 652, the attached chart, approved by the court, in BenSi west courtyard pagoda built five layer. Each layer of all remaining sarira, a total of more than ten thousand grains. Master xuan zang to attend a tower labor, carrying bricks, took two years to build.

As for the "wild goose pagoda" the name of the origin, the dialects. And xuan zang own compilation of the datang western region "described in the buddhist story of the most credible. In history, according to "the datang western xuan zang mahayana and theravada Buddhism in early points two, mahayana precepts carnivorous, theravada dont quit. Ancient Indian magadha tuo state city, a king outside indra the mountain have a temple, the temple monks believe in theravada teaching, one day, at will, the monk hungry, not landing, lunch is complaining. There is a monk suddenly see a group of geese fly through the air, freely a joke: Ive been waiting all the monk for many days without eating meat, if bodhisattvas have spirit, should know our difficulties! See the words sound just fell, the leading wild goose to fly back, arrived before the monk was broken wings fell down, and all the monks frightened, understand what is Buddha to education them, the monk hurriedly bowed down, and buried the courts to the goose. Built on a tower, named wild goose pagoda, to believe in mahayana from now on, no longer eat meat. This is the origin of the name of the wild goose pagoda. The word "wild goose pagoda" plus one "big" word, before it is due to architectural grandeur of the tower, the second is built in the jianfu temple tower is as known as the wild goose pagoda, to distinguish, hence respectively referred to as the wild goose pagoda and small wild goose pagoda. Of Buddhism in India, also went to join the ritual of the famous wild goose pagoda.

Master xuan zang organization construction of the stupa in person, because of the brick surface soil, wind and rain erosion, gradually destroyed after more than 40 years. Wu zetian changan years (AD 701-704) the empress wu zetian and tombs which adheres to give money to rebuild. Hence converted into seven layers of the pagoda pagoda, said 7 class floor, more majestic earlier. People often say: "save peoples life, made 7 class floor", almost.

One thousand years, has been of great wild goose pagoda is the symbol of the ancient city of xi an and landmark buildings. Towering pagoda, a symbol of master xuan zang spirit of high quality and great personality.

A castle in the wild goose pagoda is a typical imitation wooden type 2-foot-tall tower, more well-known Chinese and foreign with "personality" story. Wild goose pagoda is composed of tower, tower, DaCha Lao, 64.7 meters, carved on the lintel frame has a line in the tang dynasty. Four bar with fluency vivid shade is engraved line carve Buddha, bodhisattva, king kong lux portrait. Especially XiMenMei line in characterization, the lecture is the Buddha, look dignified kind, 30 honour bodhisattva poses of all stripes, lifelike. Today we research building in tang dynasty, buddhist art and history and culture of precious materials.

Embedded at the bottom of great wild goose pagoda south on both sides of the gate put the emperor taizong of the "tang monk SAN teaching sequence", and when the prince of the tang dynasty the emperor "tang monk SAN teaching sequence", two second "st" monument, all by the head of the secretariat (prime minister) book by b. Like this both tablet inscription and the relative arrangement, left and right sides is symmetrical. Set in pagodas, it is unique. Engraved inscription and below are their elegant, dancing began flying dance lotte, scan "sequence" tablet musicians of instrument for wind, monuments, and "remember" instruments for string. So tianle dance is a buddhist fairyland.

Some say wild goose pagoda SAN teaching sequence memorial tablet "quiet" two st. One is two st imperial emperor taizong account from - from "sequence", taizi Li Zhi from "remember" the name, the second is the experiences of xuan zang - praise xuan zang to obtain buddhist scriptures preach Buddhism, the contents of three is everyone calligraphy calligraphy masterpieces of - b, four is in huang, changan solemn sacred big buddhist temple in the city. Therefore this monument as a national treasure, the treasure of the name is more famous monuments.

Now, we came to a layer in the wild goose pagoda. First look at the two stone tablets, on the wall on both sides is a xuan zang institution, one is translated by the figure xuan zang. The two tablet is the vivid reflection of xuan zang mage glorious life.

Look at pillar hang four long, is by the emperor taizong, tang dynasty the emperor and the words of the master xuan zang.

First, from emperor taizong drive makes tang monk SAN teaching sequence, the effect is: master xuan zang is a buddhist leader, he risked his government rules and life, overcome all difficulties and obstacles and single ride of expedition alone, visited college, explore and study the buddhist scriptures, the buddhist truth widely carry forward, with the sun, with heaven and earth.

Second picture: from tang dynasty the emperor drive makes big temple monument, the effect is: master xuan zang can be called is a crown of Buddhism, the buddhist scriptures, reject, he make the Buddhas light shining, to promote Buddhism, he represents an era, he surpassed the xiyu buttocho, dove moro, ZhuDaoSheng and shen this monk, master xuan zangs achievements and spirit is unprecedented, after.

The third picture means: create big temple in troublesome, and the capital translate sutras, I sincerely hope that the dharma hui flow to carry forward, settle can bless usually long, holy teaching to promote, illumination of Chinese history, wisdom the feelings of the world can jian, fukuda, reflected in the Buddha dharma forever.

The fourth picture means: we cherish esteeming mood, built a pagoda, with resettlement from the buddhist monk buddhist paradise to classical, magnificent pagoda thousand buddhas bless, and to pay close attention to; We also need to establish the monument, engraved two precious holy wrote inscriptions, stupa st mark will be with heaven and earth, stand in changan resort.

Now we began to climb up the visit. Please step light tower, pay attention to safety. Is rich in every layer of display, respectively consecrate figure of Buddha of fine gold of Ming dynasty, the Indian buddhist monk of the Buddha sarira, display has Buddha footprint stele, department of xuan zang in his later years of print consecrate Buddha replica of stone, and xuan zang poems calligraphy, poetry, yu, qi baishi. The sixth layer suspension has several great poets in tang dynasty poetry calligraphy.

In the autumn of 752, when the wild goose pagoda to create the 100th anniversary of the poet du fu in conjunction with the ts en-ts an, cross, xue according to, ChuGuangXi five great poets, reach the wild goose pagoda, held a special poets gathering wild goose pagoda. They lean on, to see the pagoda wei, autumn scenery picturesque scene, inspired each poets feelings and young. Famous frontier fortress poet ts en-ts an cheerful poison sings: "potential Wells such as tower, solitary towering temple. Step into the world, pedal plate of vanity. Four corners in the day, the seven layers of the sky. The glimpse into high bird, prone to present concern.charlotte heard." Everyone please du fu chanting songs, see his feelings, a poem, a appears once asking it, manhood, he sing a way: "high across the sky, heavy wind all. Since the kuang, belonged to the philistines, we turn the sorrow. The seven stars in the north, west flow galaxy. Xihe whip the day, and less HaoHang clear autumn. Qinshan suddenly broken, there. Looking down but, how can distinguishes the imperial state." These poems are rare song.

We got to the top of the stupa, I have a kind of "step into the world," superb wonderful feeling, all the trapped, the magnificent scenery of the ancient city of panoramic view, the ghost town.

Tourists friends, let us now slowly down the tower, pay attention to safety. Behind the monk xuan zang to continue to visit.

Now, everybody came to the gate of monk xuan zang homes. Is a set of imitation tang monk xuan zang court buildings, by then the great times hall, eastern hospital prajna hall, west courtyard bright hall, the research and it covers an area of 3224 square meters.

If you would like to ask: xi an big temple temple treasure? That is the parietal andother master xuan zang and Buddha sarira, because xuan zang sarira and Buddha sarira is a precious cultural relics.

Tourists friends, great times in monk xuan zang homes don, honours xuan zangs statue and a parietal andother master xuan zang. Xuan zang, meanwhile, the six other spirit has been spreading around the world, is a symbol of and spread the spirit of xuan zang, will work with the sun, with heaven and earth.

Monk xuan zang hospital has nearly 400 square meters large murals, beautiful st reflects the buddhist circle and xuan zangs life story. From birth, becoming a monk xuan zang and abroad religion began his brilliant life.

Xuan zang in 629 from changan, travel and study in the western regions. The lanzhou, dunhuang and gaochang, by way of kyrgyzstan, kazakhstan, uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal and other countries. Along the "silk road", with amazing perseverance, through "account", overcome numerous difficulties and obstacles, to buddhist India. The experiences of long west road, full of dangerous and numerous difficulties and obstacles. But in front of xuan zang, could not the volcano, did not pass the tongtian river. In the most inaccessible desert orphan. When water sac capsized, five days and four nights into the water, a few degrees fainted in the dunes, in front of the dangerous corner, xuan zang by "not the west, not east to step" pledge and conviction, rescue, out of the woods yet.

Trek through a full three years and more than 50000 in solitary, xuan zang buddhist holy land - tianzhu finally arrived in India, to learn from the famous temple of nalanda. Back in 645 AD, xuan zang west scriptures and carries a lot of Buddha sarira, 8 statue of Buddha and buddhist scriptures, 657 have returned home, was welcomed by taizong in ones hand, and the people. Arrived at changan, character, the whole city of millions of rushing out, pomp. In 648 AD, at the beginning of the great temple was built up, xuan zang to serve is too troublesome, please to the abbot temple served as the first, continue to turn. He successively in changan hong fu temple, temple, west temple, tongchuan YuHua palace and organized translation for 19 years, until he died.

Sums up the translation of xuan zang, quantity, quality, contents and way new four distinctive features. First of all, no matter from quality or quantity, xuan zang is far more than the previous. Xuan zang one person alone out 1335 rolls of buddhist scriptures. Because of Buddhism translation accurate and reliable, and he is based on the original Indian FanBen lost a lot, so translation is regarded as "quasi FanBen" xuan zang. So just had the heyday of Buddhism in the tang dynasty, as well as many overseas monk tang method to a new situation.

Translation from buddhist scriptures translation in China, and xuan zang created the "new translation" on the evaluation of Buddhism in China. Xuan zang is the history of our country famous FoXueGu, translator and traveller, and a great patriot of infinite loyal to the motherland. Important philosophical works in ancient China in the "Lao zi" and so on translated Sanskrit into India, promoted the cultural communication and exchanges, and established the friendliness of the people of both countries. There are highly sums up the spirit of xuan zang, a poem and remarks todays students and young people. His poems yue: "wild goose pagoda hid bay leaf, and consent reputation xuan zang. To swim tianzhu, achieve true through datang. Studying the beneficiaries of the good luck, TengXiang knowledge is supposed to do. Dont be sweet wind drunk, you dont have his nations when home". To inherit and carry forward the spirit of patriotism, xuan zang wild goose pagoda has been designated as patriotism education bases.

Died in 664 AD, xuan zang in tongchuan YuHua temple, tang after the emperor learned that news, in three days, "said crying:" I lost treasures, also the loss of beams also!" Xuan zang coffin back to Beijing, in temple oratory, city move to the common wail, condolences to the. In a master xuan zang funeral mourners up to millions of audiences, that night, more than 30000 people camped outside the tomb, for the corpse xuan zang. Lay down his life for his people to the religion, taken by the translation, brilliant life, after death shroud of reed mat generation monk said the lofty respect and mourning. Here has become a point of xuan zang, forever memory of xuan zang Buddhism holy land.

Tourists friends, often the main scenic spots to visit here. Us to the north square and dong yuan, xiyuan to visit. North square is Asias largest water fountains and the tang dynasty culture square, something the two estates have distinctive shaanxi folk culture park.

good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen:

may i have your attention, please?

in 20 minutes,we will arrive our today’s destination,九寨沟national park, 九寨沟national park is located in 九寨沟 county,the 阿坝 tibetan and 羌 nationality autonomous prefecture in sichuan province,九寨沟literally means 9 tibetan village valleys,they are all located in the scenic area,the names of the villages are 荷叶 ，树正，则查洼，黑角，盘亚，牙拉，尖盘，热西 and郭都。

the diet in the tibetan areas is based primarily on tasted barley flour,wheat flour as well as mutton and beef.they drink a brew, 青稞酒，made from barley,tea and salt are their daily necessities.two of the most popular varities are 糌粑 and 雅茶。

糌粑is roasted with 青稞 barley flour,it is the staple food of tibetans,similar to fried flour,but its major ingredients are highland barley,peas and oat,tibetans bring 糌粑 with them when they go to work ,herd or travel.

as for 雅茶 tea,it is made of large leaves of the tea shrubs and produced in 雅安,so it gets the name “雅茶”， it is a very strong tea and smells fragrant,tibetans eat much meat daily,so they drink 雅茶 tea to digest food.

the tibetan new year is one of the most important tibetan holidays,it occurs about the same time as the chinese new year,but it is caculated according to the tibetan lunar calender.

well ,there are many other interesting customs in the tibetan new year,such as horse racing and offering 哈达，let ’s have a break,later, i will tell you more about the tibetans,thanks.

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第五条借款利率和计息。

借款利率。

本合同项下借款利率根据国家有关规定，确定利率遇利率调整时，借款期限在1年(含)以下的，执行合同利率，不分段计息;借款期限在1年以上的，实行分段计息，从利率调整的次年1月1日开始，按相应利率的档次执行新的利率;如借款人未按约定时间归还借款本息或未按合同约定用途使用借款，贷款人将按国家规定对借款人计收罚息，罚息率

遇利率调整时，实行分段计息的，贷款人有权根据国家有关规定自行调整，不另行通知借款人。

第六条还款方式。

借款人应在贷款人开设账户，户名和帐号见367，并保证在每次还款日前足额存入当期应还款项的存款。

借款人在此授权贷款人从借款人该账户中扣收借款本金、利息和可能发生的复利、罚息、违约金、保费、损害赔偿金及实现债权的费用(含律师费和诉讼费)如该账户资产不足以归还到期的贷款本息，贷款人有权从借款人在中国工商银行任何分支机构开立的任何账户划收。

贷款人与借款人双方商定，自贷款发放次月起，借款人按月归还贷款本息(一次性还本付息除外)，还款期数及还款方式

借款期间遇利率调整，如执行本合同51条实行分段计息的，对借款期限在1年以上的，应从利率调整的次年日开始根据未偿还借款余额和剩余还款期数进行调整，重新计算还款金额。

借款人：

贷款人：

抵押人：

保证人：

出质人：

甲方：____________________

乙方：____________________

甲、乙双方为了更好的发挥______系列产品的效应，进一步提高______系列产品的市场占有率和销量，实现______国内贸易的崛起，在遵守国家法律、法规，本着诚信经营、平等互利的原则，达成如下共识，并签定此商品代理合同：

一、双方的基本条件约定

1、甲方向乙方提供其合法的营业执照、税务登记证、卫生许可证，食品销售代理合同。

2、乙方向甲方提供其合法的营业执照、税务登记证、卫生许可证。

3、商超客户的代理，乙方必须具备一般纳税人资格。

4、乙方应对甲方的品牌有足够的了解和认知认可度，且乙方的经营性质应该和甲方的产品属性、销售渠道相吻合。

5、甲方的商品送达乙方仓库，并由乙方验收和向甲方付款后，其商品所有权归属乙方所有，但其_____使用权归甲方所有，乙方不得擅自使用。

6、乙方在合同期内，不得销售与甲方商品所属同类的其他品牌商品，否则甲方有权利提前中止合同，取消乙方的代理经营权。

7、乙方必须对所属区域内的现有客户具备融洽的客情关系和良好的社会关系。

8、乙方必须具备健全的财务管理系统，能及时提供各项真实有效的数据报表给甲方。

二、合同约定乙方的销售区域和销售渠道

1、甲方允许乙方代理经营的销售区域和客户名称：______________________________

3、甲方尽量保证乙方的所属客户以及其区域范围内不出现其他代理商或者客户所经营的______品牌商品销售，一旦出现，甲方将积极给予协调解决，同时乙方应该给予谅解。

4、在双方合作过程中，乙方所属区域内的未来潜在客户（新开业客户），原则上由乙方进行经营管理，但是，乙方必须以书面形式向甲方提交申请报告并得到甲方的许可后，方可进场销售。否则，甲方有撤消或者转交乙方对此新客户的经营权。

5、甲方将原有客户交付给乙方，乙方通过对帐和审查无误并同意接收后，所转交客户将来出现的任何差错或者经营合作问题，甲方不再承担任何责任（双方单独另有约定除外）。

三、品牌保证金

1、_________________作为中国驰名_____，____________品牌作为中国商品，______更是中国______行业老大，连续十年中国______市场占有率第一，其固有品牌价值和未来的潜在价值都是不可估量的，______集团作为中国农业产业化龙头企业，其未来发展的潜力和品牌价值是商界和企业界所瞩目的。

2、乙方销售甲方产品，有权利和义务维护______品牌的形象，并向甲方支付______元的品牌保证金，以确保乙方在销售甲方的产品过程中不对甲方的品牌名誉和网络基础建设等方面造成损害。

3、品牌保证金应在自合同签定之日起两日内，向甲方支付，甲方给予开具加盖甲方公章的保证金收据，合同期满5日内，如乙方未违反本合同规定且未做出有损甲方品牌声誉或者市场基础建设的行为，甲方全额返还给乙方。

4、在合同期内，乙方若违反合同，或者给甲方的市场经营造成损失，甲方有权据情扣罚乙方的保证金，乙方必须在5天时间内向甲方交纳补齐所扣罚的保证金。

四、合同约定的商品规格和价格

1、甲方提供给乙方的价格是含税到岸价格。

2、乙方供给商超等各类客户的价格完全遵照甲方规定的价格执行，乙方不得擅自更改任何价格（允许乙方的销售价格高于甲方规定价格10%以内）。

3、甲方不向乙方提供特定规格的或者贴牌商品。

4、如果乙方对于甲方的某些商品不愿意代理，甲方可转交给其他代理商代理。

5、因乙方不执行或者低于甲方规定的各级外销价格，造成货物向其他地区的窜货的，乙方需完全承担一切损失和责任。

6、乙方有责任规范和管理好所属区域的下级客户的价格体系，一旦造成窜货行为或者不良的低价影响或者遭到其他地区客户的投诉，乙方应承担完全责任。

7、乙方因低价供货造成下属终端客户的零售价低于市场正常零售价格，而遭到同一区域其他代理商或者终端客户投诉或者索赔的，乙方应承担完全责任和损失索赔。甲方有权对其做出相应的经济处罚。

8、乙方因节假日或者其他庆祝活动或者为图商品增销量或者为宣传商品或者为处理积压库存等目的需要在特定时间范围内，特定地点，或者限定销量的前提下，需要进行特殊价格销售的，必须最少提前四天向甲方报批申请，并取得甲方书面同意后，方可执行。

9、因甲方原材料价格或者生产等原因，需要对出厂价格统一上调或者下调的，乙方应该给予配合支持，甲方应提前15天通知乙方，乙方须在接到通知30日内，全面按照甲方的要求调整对外销售价格，并执行完毕。

五、商品的质量和索赔

1、甲方承诺向乙方提供的商品属于符合国标的合格商品，并向乙方提供所有商品质量检测报告书的复印件。

2、乙方进购甲方的商品后在保质期内，任何因甲方自身质量原因造成的相关损失和关联到的赔偿由甲方承担一切经济和法律责任。

3、因乙方自身保管或者运输等原因造成的商品质量损害及造成的相关损失和关联到的赔偿事宜等，由乙方承担一切经济和法律责任。

4、乙方经营期间，通过甲方同意后，在一些乙方经营区域所在地各级职能部门所做的关于产品质量方面的检测，或者当地政府职能部门自行抽查，其检测费用由甲方承担。

六、甲方的供货、退货服务

1、甲方根据乙方的定单，将货物送达乙方仓库，乙方保证在收到定单小时内将货物送达乙方的固定仓库，仓库地点：。

2、乙方定单的每次最低定货金额：______元，否则甲方不予安排送货。

3、乙方要求自行提货的，甲方给予乙方成本价格的运费补贴。

4、乙方自提货物或者收到甲方来货，必须当面清点数量和检查货品质量，无误，即给予签署甲方的发货单据，乙方提货离开甲方仓库或者甲方送货人员离开乙方仓库，甲方即不对货物的非生产质量问题和数量缺少负责。

5、乙方在收到货物15天时间内发现批次质量问题的，可通知甲方退换货。

6、甲方保证乙方正常销售经营状态下的货物供应，因甲方原因如公路或者铁路运输等不可控制因素造成的货物暂缺，乙方应该给予谅解，甲方也应全力保障好乙方的货物供应，并经常向乙方通报货物库存情况，并对畅销量大商品实行“15天预警”控制，将货物缺口造成的销量损失，降到最低极限。

7、乙方计划做促销活动时，必须提前20天以书面形式向甲方提出申请计划，以便甲方能够及时备货。

8、旺季或者重大节假日来临前一个月，甲、乙双方应就库存备货，加强沟通，对市场需求作好预测，提前做出合理的备货计划准备。

9、由于滞销原因，导致乙方个别单品货物库存积压，在保质期到达前三个月时间内、且商品质量完好，甲方允许给予折价退换货物。

10、由于包装破损原因造成乙方货物无_____常销售，如果产品内在质量完好，甲方给予乙方退换货。（鼠损虫咬商品，甲方一律不给予退换货）

11、______系列产品，需乙方自行妥善保管和运输，由于破损原因，甲方不给予退换货。

12、______产品如果由于滞销原因造成积压，必须要求在保质期到达前五个月，且商品内外包装完好无损，内在质量完好无损，甲方可允许折价后退换货，否则，由乙方自行承担损失。

七、乙方的经营服务职责

1、乙方负责对所属区域内的所有客户的对、结帐和供、退货服务工作。

2、乙方应最少固定部送货车和名固定业务人员做好甲方产品的市场维护服务工作。

3、乙方必须配备足够的业务人员和理货人员，加强对甲方产品排面的理顺，乙方保证甲方产品的排面在同类商品中位置，单品排面最多，乙方保障每个客户的货架上单品不缺、货物不缺。

4、乙方应保证在接到客户定单24小时内，将货物送达。

5、乙方不得以人员或者_____紧张原因为借口，延误送货。

6、乙方不得以客户定单数量少等原因为借口，而拖延或者不予送货。

7、对于商超等客户要求的退换货，乙方应该及时给予服务到位。

8、乙方保证所属区域范围内的KA卖场的进场率达到90%。

9、乙方保证所属区域范围内各类终端网点的进场覆盖率达到70%以上。

八、关于结算方式

1、甲方对乙方实行现款现货的结算方式，甲方在确认乙方的货款到帐后，方可给乙方发货。

2、对于前期甲方在商场等客户的未尽应收帐款，其债权转由乙方接收，乙方须在合同签定三天内以现款方式付给甲方，或者同甲方签定前期货款付款计划表，或者由甲方自行向原客户收取。

3、乙方对甲方的付款方式可以是：现金、支票、电汇、银行汇票方式。

4、甲方向乙方提供相应税率的增值税发票。

5、现金结算，甲方向乙方提供明确的货款结算专人身份证明，甲方其他任何业务人员无权前往乙方处结算货款，并且必须持有合法的、完善的相关结算票据，否则甲方不予以承认。

6、乙方每月日必须配合甲方对上月双方发生的销售、付款及费用进行详细对帐。

7、如果乙方拖欠甲方货款，甲方有权利对其停止发货。

九、促销活动

2、对于甲方在全国或者全省或者全市统一的大型促销或者展示活动，乙方应该提前做好人力和物力上的准备，并全力配合好甲方的活动。

3、对于甲方安排的促销计划，乙方应该全力配合执行，协同甲方谈判压缩各类费用，安排场地、提供物力支持和人员支持等。

4、甲方可以根据市场需要和乙方的申请，给予乙方所属卖场配备一定数量的专职或者_____促销人员。是否配备促销员或者配备数量由甲方决定。

5、乙方的任何新商品进店或者新开业商超进店，有可能产生甲方应该承担的费用项目的，必须事先征得甲方同意。

6、乙方的任何宣传促销活动计划，有可能产生甲方应该承担的费用项目的，必须事先征得甲方同意和认可。

十、促销品和广告宣传

2、今后甲方将继续设计制作增加促销品的种类，如促销员统一着服装、雨伞、展示架等等各类促销宣传品。

3、甲方将根据乙方市场的实际运作情况，确定是否给予乙方市场一定的广告宣传支持。

4、甲方对乙方所属区域的广告投入，由甲方人员直接操作投入，乙方不接触投入费用，但乙方应该全力配合甲方的信息收集、价格费用谈判、人力支援及提供合理的广告投入建设性建议。

5、今后甲方可能对乙方市场进行广告投入的方式主要是电视广告、公交车体广告、报纸广告和城市广告牌等方面。

十一、销售费用和甲方对______的市场投入

1、甲、乙双方的商超客户转户，如果需要产生费用的，由甲方承担，乙方应全力协调客情将该费用压缩到最低。

2、甲方的常规产品销售，甲方不提供任何促销品宣传品，基本不做广告宣传投入。

3、乙方在和客户对帐、结算过程中出现的误差或者卖场耗损或者货物丢失、商品价差、罚款等等费用，由乙方自行承担。

4、乙方在经营过程中产生的所有运营费用，甲方不予以承担，任何商场扣点和年节庆费、开业费、赞助费等等商超杂费，甲方不予承担，应由乙方完全承担。

5、乙方在经营过程中出现的呆死帐或者以物抵货款等，甲方一概不予以承担。

6、甲方承担新商品的单品进店（条码）费用（若费用较大，双方协商分担）。

7、甲方承担卖场促销人员管理费（若费用较大，双方协商分担）。

8、促销员的销售提成由乙方承担。

9、甲方承担促销员基本工资及试吃品和物料费用（若费用较大，双方协商分担）。

10、甲方承担卖场的堆头、端架、海报费用（若费用较大，双方协商分担）。

12、乙方应充分发挥大型代理商的规模优势和客情优势协助甲方进行关系沟通和谈判，将需要甲方承担应支付的各项费用压缩到最低。

13、甲方明确承诺给予乙方在每个商超的最低年促销次数。

14、乙方向甲方申请的促销、宣传费用投入，必须向甲方提供正式的费用发票，并附带详细的费用清单表，并及时将销售数据和效果评估报告上报甲方。

15、乙方向甲方提供的费用，必须实事求是，否则，甲方有权利拒付费用，并对乙方做出同等金额的罚款。

十二、销售任务和奖励

1、本合同签定三个月后，甲、乙双方协商制定乙方的年销售任务，乙方必须保障年销售任务基数完成，否则甲方有权利中止和乙方的代理合同。

2、在经营过程中随着乙方客户的增加和减少或者其他等不可预计因素的出现，甲、乙双方可以协商调整任务基数额。

3、甲、乙双方的销售任务超额奖励，可以单独签定协议书作为本合同的有效附件。

十三、甲、乙双方的权利和义务

1、甲方有义务主动协助乙方协调好同商超卖场的各级客情关系。

2、甲方应及时向乙方提供各类优秀的促销方案。

3、甲方对乙方的经营行为有监督指导权。

4、甲方负责对促销人员的管理和培训工作，同时具有对乙方业务人员进行培训的义务。

5、甲方有权利随时核查乙方的经营帐目和费用（限甲方产品）。

6、甲方有权利给乙方制定特殊时期或者情况的指导销售价格，乙方应遵照执行。

7、乙方应该对甲方的价格、销量、政策、计划方案等商业秘密，给予严格保密，否则一旦造成不必要的损失或者影响，乙方应承担完全责任，并赔偿甲方相关损失（包括无形资产损失）。

8、乙方应该定期向甲方提供甲方产品的销售数据报表、客户档案资料。

9、乙方应该及时将市场综合信息反馈提供给甲方。

10、乙方有义务维护好甲方的市场网络和品牌基础建设。

11、乙方应该服从甲方对市场方面的统一号召及相关指导政策和规定。

12、乙方不得对甲方的各项核查工作予以刁难或者不配合。

十四、违约责任的承担和处罚

1、甲、乙双方应严格遵守本合同的约定事项，在本合同明确规定的处罚事项，按照本合同规定执行，本合同未明确的违约处罚事项，双方可商定，但处罚金额最低限度标准为______元。

2、乙方在经营过程中有明确违反本合同规定，且性质严重的，甲方可提前终止合同。

3、乙方在经营过程中对甲方的市场或者品牌造成损害或者损失的，或者消极、敷衍销售，造成市场份额严重下滑的，乙方应承担相关赔偿，同时甲方有权利终止合同。

4、乙方在经营过程中背离甲方原则规定，不服从甲方对市场的统一运作规划管理的，甲方有权利终止该合同，收回乙方的产品代理权。

十五、合同的期限、续签、解除

1、本合同自签定之日起有效期限______年，合同签定时间：______年______月______日。

2、合同期满甲、乙双方可重新谈判合同条款，继续签定合作合同，同等条件下，甲方给予乙方优先签定权。

3、中途解除合同或者合同期满不再续签合作的，甲、乙双方应将相互之间的合同约定费用以及货款等事宜在15天时间内两清，如乙方要求清退甲方货物的，甲方应给予清退，并于清退完完毕后15天内付清乙方的退货款项（限商品质量完好无损）。

十六、合同其他约定及补充事项

1、甲、乙双方除本合同之外的任何书面形式、且手续齐全的补充约定，在本合同有效期内均可作为本合同的有效附件，甲、乙双方应给予承认。

2、本合同未尽事项，双方协商解决，未果，交由甲方所在地法院裁决。

3、本合同签署地：____________________

4、本合同一式四份共计六页，涂改或者复印无效，甲、乙双方各执两份。

5、本合同自双方签定之日起生效。

6、在以后合作过程中通过双方协商补签或者修改的一切正规书面协议内容，均告有效。

7、补充事项添加：

甲方：____________________乙方：____________________

法人：____________________法人：____________________

代表人：_________________代表人：__________________

开户银行：_______________开户银行：________________

帐号：____________________帐号：____________________

税号：____________________税号：____________________

电话：____________________电话：____________________

传真：____________________传真：____________________

地址：____________________地址：____________________

清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位，并于20__年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵，经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过，正式列入世界遗产名录。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

游昭陵时，先游前部。前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

民国十六年五月(1927年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。

Clear zhaoling now for the national key cultural relics protection unit, and on July 1, 20__ and the imperial palace in shenyang, shenyang fu mausoleum and fushun ling, after a vote by the 28th world heritage committee meeting, on the world heritage list.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (1643 years) to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion, after repeated after rebuilding and Labour market and the size of the present now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone arches, change clothes, slaughter hall hall. ; The middle, from the red door to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, stone floor, and sacrifice to occupancy. ; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and baoqing zhaoling city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

The front of zhaoling swim, swim first. Front sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. With beautifully carved granite qing long temple zhaoling is base rock steps, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.3 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, dont have a taste.

各位客大家好：

Each guest hello:

我是你们的导游陈佳琪，大家可以叫我小陈就行了接下来的几天中就由我来为大家一起来游览北京故宫博物院的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京留下一个好印象，同时也对我的工作提出宝贵意见，好，接下来我们就开始今天的旅行吧!

I am your tour guide jia-qi Chen, you can call me xiao Chen to go in the next few days by me for all of you to visit the Palace Museum in Beijing scenery, hope that through my explanation, can make you leave a good impression of Beijing, also proposes the valued suggestion for my work, good, then we start todays trip!

故宫是明、清朝时的皇宫，也是当今世界规模最大建筑最雄伟，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫金城。子进程是中国五个世纪以来最高权力中心，他以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国物价历史的见证，1987年，北京故宫被联合国列入[ 世界遗产名录]。

In the Ming and qing dynasty palace, is the largest building in the world today the most magnificent, the most intact ancient royal palace. The Palace Museum, also called zijin city. The child process is the supreme power in China in five century center, with his landscape and contains 9000 rooms of furniture and handicraft product of large buildings, a witness, in the history of the Ming and qing dynasties era Chinas prices in 1987, Beijing the imperial palace was the United Nations on the world heritage list.

故宫坐北朝南，开有四条门。各位朋友，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。各位请看，在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座城楼，从上面看就像物质展翅飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。各位旅客请在这里留影吧!

The Palace Museum sits, has four door open. My dear friends, this is the main gate of the Forbidden City, and called the meridian gate, mean the midday sun. You see, in 10 meters high wall stood five towers, from above like the phoenix material spread your wings and fly, the meridian gate and the five-phoenix towers said. Have your pictures here, please!

好啦!现在大家自由活动，晚上六点在故宫门前集合，祝大家有玩开心。

Come on! You free now, 6 PM in front of the Palace Museum collection, I wish you all have to play happy.

各位游客朋友们：

Dear visitors friends:

欢迎大家来到故宫，我是你们的导游——丫丫。

Welcome to the Palace Museum, I am your tour guide, ya ya.

相信大家都知道，故宫又名紫禁城。它是我国现存最完整的古代建筑。它总面积是72万左右，也是世界著名的艺术馆，其中很多文物是绝无仅有的国宝。

Believe we all know, the imperial palace and the Forbidden City. It is the most complete existing ancient buildings in China. Its total area is about 720xx0, is the world famous art museum, many cultural relics is a national treasure.

这是午门，是宫殿的正门。它的地位十分重要。许多重大的仪式都是在这里举行的。说道午门大家会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话。其实纯属误会。过去，皇上和大臣议政总有意见不同的时候。在明朝时就可以把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股，可不要小看这竹子，它是一种碗口粗的毛竹，里面还要灌上水银，具说是为了加大杀伤力，几仗下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终身残疾。这件恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间，就逐渐变成“退出午门斩首”了

This is the meridian gate, is the main entrance of the palace. It is very important. Many great ceremony are held here. Meridian gate you will think of "exit the meridian gate beheaded" this sentence. It is a misunderstanding. In the past, the emperor and his ministers council always have different opinions. In the Ming dynasty can break his ministers to the meridian gate for external use bamboo to be spanked, dont look down upon this bamboo, it is a kind of bamboo wankou thick, inside irrigation on the mercury, even, in order to increase the damage, several wars can were raw. Be dozen deathless also want to permanently disabled. This horror from the palace to folk, it gradually became "exit the meridian gate beheaded"

怎么样?先不要激动，前面的美景正等着咱们呢!

? Dont be excited, first in front of the beautiful scenery waiting for us!

肯德基中英文广告词汇总

finger-lickin good”这句广告词诞生于20世纪50年代。在当时的肯德基宣传片中，一个名叫戴维 哈曼(Dave Harman)的男子正在吃鸡肉。一名观众拨打了电话，质疑哈曼一边吃鸡肉一边吮手指，举止过于粗俗。这时接听电话的经理回答说：“finger-lickin good”。这句广告词立即红遍美国的大街小巷。

不过日前，肯德基决定启用新的广告词“So Good”(好极了)。肯德基英国和爱尔兰分支代表马丁 舒克表示：“finger-lickin good这句广告词非常好，但是仅仅宣传了食品本身。So Good不仅指食品好，还涵盖了品牌、我们的员工等等。”

英文肯德基广告词：

●Im lovin it.

● We Do Chick Right.

● Finger-lickin good.

● Its finger licking good!

● Its Finger Licking Good!(好到吮手指!)

● Life Tastes Better with KFC(与KFC同在 人生更美满)

● Crunchy Outside Spicy Inside(外表脆 内表香)

● if everyone has kfc, we will have a better life.

● So Good!(好极了!)

● Sedap sehingga menjilat jari! (好吃到吮手指!)

中文肯德基广告词：

● 生活如此多娇。

● 爱我，就爱肯德基!

● 有了肯德基，生活好滋味。

● 实践证明，我们做鸡是对的!

● 肯德基——鸡群中的战斗机!

● 肯德基让俺学会了上网……

● 肯德基，今天你“啃”了吗?

● 没时间做饭，叫肯德基宅急送。

● 肯德基——旅游最强大的装备!

● 肯德基——“啃”出来的美味情调!

● 百万精英最适合的岗位——肯德基!

● 因为你，生活如此美丽——肯德基，来自异域风情的魅力……

看了这些肯德基曾经用过的广告词，小伙伴们是不是更加喜欢它了呢?上面的广告词，小伙伴们听过几句呢?村里来的小编表示，只听过一句不曾上榜的广告词“有了肯德基，生活好滋味”

肯德基(Kentucky Fried Chicken KFC)是美国跨国连锁餐厅，同时也是世界第二大速食及最大炸鸡连锁企业，由哈兰德·桑德斯上校于1939年在肯塔基州路易斯维尔创建。已经有半世纪历史的肯德基又为我们贡献出了上面那些经典广告词!

毕业论文致谢词中英文范例

acknowledgements

my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form.

second, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english: professor dddd, professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.

last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.

在本论文的写作过程中，我的导师*老师倾注了大量的心血，从选题到开题报告，从写作提纲，到一遍又一遍地指出每稿中的具体问题，严格把关，循循善诱，在此我表示衷心感谢。同时我还要感谢在我学习期间给我极大关心和支持的各位老师以及关心我的同学和朋友。

写作毕业论文是一次再系统学习的过程，毕业论文的完成，同样也意味着新的学习生活的开始。

从论文选题到搜集资料，从写稿到反复修改，期间经历了喜悦、聒噪、痛苦和彷徨，在写作论文的过程中心情是如此复杂。如今，伴随着这篇毕业论文的最终成稿，复杂的心情烟消云散，自己甚至还有一点成就感。那种感觉就宛如在一场盛大的颁奖晚会上，我在晚会现场看着其他人一个接着一个上台领奖，自己却始终未能被念到名字，经过了很长很长的时间后，终于有位嘉宾高喊我的大名，这时我忘记了先前漫长的无聊的等待时间，欣喜万分地走向舞台，然后迫不及待地开始抒发自己的心情，发表自己的感想。这篇毕业论文的就是我的舞台，以下的言语便是有点成就感后在舞台上发表的发自肺腑的诚挚谢意与感想：

我要感谢，非常感谢我的导师许静老师。她为人随和热情，治学严谨细心。在闲聊中她总是能像知心朋友一样鼓励你，在论文的写作和措辞等方面她也总会以“专业标准”严格要求你，从选题、定题开始，一直到最后论文的反复修改、润色，许老师始终认真负责地给予我深刻而细致地指导，帮助我开拓研究思路，精心点拨、热忱鼓励。正是许老师的无私帮助与热忱鼓励，我的毕业论文才能够得以顺利完成，谢谢许老师。

我要感谢，非常感谢邱铮学长。正在撰写硕士研究生毕业论文的他，在百忙之中抽出时间帮助我搜集文献资料，帮助我理清论文写作思路，对我的论文提出了诸多宝贵的意见和建议。对学长的帮助表示真挚的感谢。

我要感谢，非常感谢学弟们。他们为我提供了写作论文的重要工具——电脑。甚至为了让我方便进出他们的寝室专门为我配备了一把钥匙，而且四台电脑的密码也都一一告知于我，任我选用，让很非常感动。对学弟们的支持和帮助表示万分感谢。

中英文开题报告

下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

此文共有3页 上一页 1 2 3 下一页

常用表达方式

1. Effective September16*, I will be terminating my employment with ABC Company.

"effective" 即 being in effect or operative

例句："The summer day light saving time is effective May 30."

9月16日，我将结束与ABC公司的雇佣关系(我将从ABC公司辞职)。

2. I write to tender * my resignation from office. My last day of employment will be June 16.

"tender" 动词, 即"to offer" 或 "to present for acceptance"

写此信的目的是提请辞职。6月16日是我上班最后一天。

3. After much deliberation*, I have decided to move out of the private sector and go back to college.

"deliberation"即 careful consideration 或 a debate within oneself or by a group of people for or against a measure

例句:" The managers could not be hurried in their deliberation."

经过慎重考虑，我决定辞去私人企业的工作，回学校念书。

4. I regret having to leave a situation * where I have received so much kindness and made so many friends.

"situation" 指的是 "place of employment"

很遗憾我不得不离开这个给了我很多关怀与友谊的部门。

5. My experience at ABC Company has been both educational and rewarding*.

"rewarding" 即satisfying

我在ABC公司的经历既有教育意义，又令人满意。

6. However, I find it absolutely necessary to seek an appointment* which can enable me to earn a higher salary to cope with the growing high cost of living.

"appointment" 和 "situation"一字相仿 , 代表 a place of employment 或 a job之意

然而我觉得有必要更换工作，以便赚取更高的薪水来应付日益增长的生活消费指数。

7. I take this opportunity to * thank you for the wonderful experience I had with ABC Company.

另一表达方式: "I take this opportunity of thanking you for the wonderful experience I had with ABC Company,"

借此机会，为我在ABC公司的愉快经历向您表示感谢。

8. I have concluded that I can no longer function * effectively when the policies followed by the headquarters * fail to provide the support I need as a regional manager.

"function"即 operate 或 carry on ones duty; "headquarters" 总是以复数形式出现, 代表 the administrative center of an enterprise 之意

我已经下了结论，当总部执行的政策无法为我这位地区经理提供必要的支持，我将无法有效地胜任这个职位。

9. Please let me know if there is anything I can do to make my departure a smooth one *.

"one" 是代词, 指代前面的名词 " departure"; 它有时也可指代后面的名词 , 如: "The basketball players who score the most are not always the ones with the best brains."

Dear Mr. Wong，

I would like to let you know how much I have enjoyed my last three years at the Hero Company. Hero Company is an invaluable place for enriching my knowledge about financial field， I enjoyed working with my colleagues and I have learned so much things here.

Because I would like to take a new challenge and I want to meet people from all walks of life， I have accepted an offer from an Insurance firm as a Personal Financial Consultant. I would therefore appreciate it if you would accept my resignation effective from 8 March， 20xx.

I would be very much obliged if you would kindly give me a reference letter before I leave. Thank you for all that you have done to make my work here both interesting and enjoyable.

Yours forever，

David

借款合同中文范本

借款单位：_______________

法定代表人：________

贷款单位：_____________

法定代表人：________

保证单位：____________

法定代表人：________

签约日期：________

根据《中华人民共和国民法典》的规定，借款方为保证施工生产正常进行，向贷款方申请建筑企业流动资金贷款，经贷款方审查同意发放，为明确各方权责，特签订本合同共同遵守。

第一条本合同规定____年贷款额为人民币（大写）____万元，用于____.

第二条借款方和贷款方必须共同遵守贷款办法，有关贷款事项按办法规定办理。

第三条贷款自支用之日起，按实际支用数计收利息，利率为月息____‰，超计划贷款的超过部分利率为月息____‰，逾期贷款加计利息20%，挪用贷款挪用部分加罚利息50%.

第四条贷款方保证按照本合同的规定供应资金，贷款方如因工作差错贻误用款，以致借款方遭受损失时，应按直接经济损失，由贷款方负责赔偿。

第五条贷款方有权检查贷款使用情况。检查时，借款方对调阅有关文件、帐册、凭证和报表，查核物资库存和施工生产情况等，必须给予方便。

第六条借款方如违反合同和贷款办法的规定，贷款方有权停止贷款，提前收回部分或全部贷款。

第七条担保方对借款方归还贷款本息承担责任，如果借款方未按期清偿贷款本息时，担保方应在接到贷款方还款通知后一个月内负责归还。

第八条本合同有效期：自____年____月____日起，至____年____月____日为止。

本合同正本一式三份，签章各方各执一份。

借款方：____________（盖章）________代表人____________

贷款方：____________（盖章）________代表人____________

担保方：____________（盖章）________代表人____________

借款合同英文范本

灌南县中英文实验学校高三教学工作安排

一、        基本情况

本届高三共130人，理科43人，文科68人，体育艺术19人。参加期末考试111人，语文均分91.7分，数学55.8分（不含附加分），外语51分。语、数、外三门均分206.2分，最高分307.5分，280分以上8人，260分以上19人。单就语、数、外三门来看，期末考试情况是不理想的。

二、        存在问题

本届学生文化基础薄弱，学习习惯差，高一招生时最高分553分且好生流失多。高三复习进度慢，语、数、外均未达到市复习进度，而且差距较大。高三老师大多是新接轨的，对学生情况了解太少，复习指导欠到位。

三、        近期工作安排

1.认真分析，总结得失。2.19日我们召开了全体高三老师会议，就期末考试情况，从年级整体情况、班级情况、学科情况进行具体分析。并要求班主任分析到每个学生，逐个找出差距，制定目标，加强学习方法指导，进行理想和前途教育。

2.准确定位，分类辅导。依据学生的具体情况对学生进行分类，对语、数、外260分以上有潜力的学生，采用零高辅导，集中到教师办公室上晚自习，对选修科目落实到具体老师，采用一对一辅导，单独提出学习目标，单独训练量，单独批改练习、评析。对一般学生加大语、数、外的课时数，力争高考语、数、外总数能有较大幅度的提高。

3.明确目标，落实责任。根据学校的实际情况，力争升学率达90%以上，本科不少于7人，一专达40%，任务落实到班级每位学生。语、数、外提升幅度落实到具体老师，确保选修科目达b应与语、数、外、达线相对应。由科任老师负责。

虽然本次考试情况不好，但大部分学生学习是认真的，有极少部分学生还有一定的潜力，教师工作也是认真负责的，我相信通过我们大家的努力，有信心在XX年高考中取得较好的成绩。

出租方(甲方)lessor (hereinafter referred to as party ) ：

承租方(乙方)lessee (hereinafter referred to as party ) ：

根据国家有关法律、法规和有关规定，甲、乙双方在平等自愿的基础上，经友好协商一致，就甲方将其合法拥有的房屋出租给乙方使用，乙方承租使用甲方房屋事宜，订立本合同。

in accordance with relevant chinese laws 、decrees and pertinent rules and regulations ,party and party have reached an agreement through friendly consultation to conclude the following contract.

一、 物业地址 location of the premises

甲方将其所有的位于上海市_________区____________________________________的房屋及其附属设施在良好状态下出租给乙方___________使用。

party will lease to party the premises and attached facilities all owned by party itself, which is located at _______________________________________ __________________________ and in good condition for_____________ .

二、 房屋面积 size of the premises

出租房屋的登记面积为_________平方米(建筑面积)。

the registered size of the leased premises is_________square meters (gross size).

三、 租赁期限 lease term

租赁期限自_______年___月___日起至_______年___月___日止，为期___年，甲方应于_______年___月___日将房屋腾空并交付乙方使用。

the lease term will be from _____(month) _____(day) _______(year) to ________(month) _____(day) _______(year). party will clear the premises and provide it to party for use before _____(month) _____(day) _______(year).

四、 租金 rental

1. 数额：双方商定租金为每月人民币_____________元整, 乙方以___________形式支付给甲方 。

amount: the rental will be ____________per month. party will pay the rental

to party in the form of ____________in ________________.

2. 租金按_____月为壹期支付;第一期租金于_______年_____月_____日以前付清;以后每期租金于每月的______日以前缴纳，先付后住(若乙方以汇款形式支付租金，则以汇出日为支付日，汇费由汇出方承担)。甲方收到租金后予书面签收。

payment of rental will be one installment everymonth. the first installment will be paid before_______(month)______(day)__________(year). each successive installment will be paid_____________each month.

party will pay the rental before using the premises and attached facilities (in case party pays the rental in the form of remittance, the date of remitting will be the day of payment and the remittance fee will be boe by the remitter.) party will issue written receipt after receiving the payment.

3. 如乙方逾期支付租金超过十天，则每天以月租金的0.5%支付滞纳金;如乙方逾期支付租金超过十五天，则视为乙方自动退租，构成违约，甲方有权收回房屋，并追究乙方违约责任。

司，其主营业地在_______(以下简称卖方)

与他方当事人X、 Y、 Z公司，按______国法律组建并存在的公司，其主营业地在______(以下简称代理商)所签订。

双方一致同意约定如下：

第一条 委任与接受

在本协议有效期内，卖方指定代理商为本协议第四条项下商品的独家代理商，在第三条所规定的区域内招揽顾客的订单。代理商同意并接受上述委任。

第二条 代理商的义务

代理商应严格遵守卖方随时给予的任何指令，而且不得代表卖方作出任何担保、承诺以及订立契约、合同或作其他对卖方有约束力的行为。对于代理商违反卖方指令或超出指令范围所用的一切作为或不作为，卖方都将不承担任何责任。

第三条 代理区域

本协议所指的代理区域是：________ (以下简称区域)。

第四条 代理商品

本协议所指的代理商品是_________ (以下简称商品)。

第五条 独家代理权

基于本协议授予的独家代理权，卖方不得在代理区域内，直接地或间接地，通过其他渠道销售、出口代理商品。代理商也不得在代理区域内经销、分销、或促销与代理商品相似或有竞争性的商品，也不能招揽或接受到区域外销售为目的订单。在本协议有效期内，对来自于区域内其他顾客有关代理商品的订单、询价，卖方都应将其转交给代理商。

第六条 最低代理额和价格

在本协议有效期内，如果卖方通过代理商每所(12个月)从顾客处收到的货款总金额低于_______ ，则卖方有权提前30天书面通知代理商解除本协议。

卖方应经常向代理商提供最低的价格表以及商品可以成交的条款、条件。

第七条订单的处理

在招揽订单时，代理商应将卖方成交的条件、合同的一般条款充分通知顾客，也应告知顾客任何合同的订立都须经卖方的确认。代理商应将其收到的订单立即转交给卖方，以供卖方选择是否接受订单。卖方有权利拒绝履行或接受代理商所获得的订单或订单的一部分，而代理商对于被拒绝的订单或其中的一部分，无任何佣金请求权。

第八条 费用分担

除另有约定外，所有的费用和支出，如电讯费、差旅费以及其他有关商品销售的费用，都应由代理商承担。除此以外，代理商还应承担维持其办公处所、销售人员以及用于执行卖方中有关代理商的义务而发生的费用。

第九条 佣金

卖方接受代理商直接获得的所有订单后，就应按商品净销售额的百分之_____，以______(货币)支付给代理商佣金。佣金只有在卖方收到顾客的全部货款后，每6个月支付一次，以汇付方式支付。

第十条商情报告

卖方和代理商都应按季度或按对方要求提供有关市场信息的报告，以尽可能促进商品的销售。代理商应向卖方报告商品的库存情况、市场状况及其他商业活动。

第十一条 商品的推销

在代理区域内，代理商应积极地充分地进行广告宣传以促进商品的销售。卖方应向代理商提供一定数量的广告印刷品、商品样本、小册子以及代理商合理要求的其他材料。

第十二条 工业权保护

在本协议有效期内，代理商可使用卖方的商标，但仅限于代理商品的销售。如果在本协议终止后，代理商地销售库存代理商品时，仍可使用卖方的商标。代理商也承认使用于或包含于代理商品中的任何专利、商标、版权以及其他工业产权，都属于卖方所有，并且不得以任何方式提出异议。一旦发现浸权，代理商应及时通知卖方并协助卖方采取措施保护卖方产权利益。

第十三条 协议期限

本协议经双方签字生效。在本协议终止前至少3个月，卖方或代理商应共同协商协议的续延。如果双方一致同意续延，在上述规定的条款、条件下，附上补充文件，本协议将继续有效另外_______年。发生续延，本协议将于______年______月______日终止。

第十四条 协议的中止

在本协议有效期内，任何一方当事人不履行合同或违反本协议的条款，如第五、六、十一条，双方当事人座争取及时解决争议的问题以期双方满意。如果在违约方接到书面通知后30日内问题仍不能解决，非违约方将有权中止本协议，由此造成的损失、无力偿付债务、清算、死亡以及被第三人兼并，另一方当事人可提出中止本协议，而无需书面通知对方。

第十五条 不可抗力

任何一方对由于下列原因而导致不能或暂时不能履行全部或部分协议义务的，不负责任：

自然灾害、政府采购或禁令以及其他任何双方在签约时不能预料、无法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。但受不可抗力影响的一方，应尽快地将发生的事件通知对方，并附上证明材料。

第十六条 准据法

本协议有关贸易条款应按 INCOTERM90解释。本协议的有效性、组成以及履行受中华人民共和国法律管辖。

第十七条 仲裁

对于因履行本合同发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京)，依据其仲裁规则，仲裁费应由败诉一方承担，仲裁委员会另有规定的除外。

本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。

A.B.C.公司 及 x.y.z公司

代表________ 代表________

英文文本

EXCLUSIVE AGENCY AGREEMENT

This Agreement is made and entered into this _____ day of _____ ,19 - by and between A.B.C.Co.Ltd. a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of Peoples Republic of China,with its principal place of business at ____ (hereinafter called Seller) and X.Y.Z.Co.Ltd. a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of ____,with its principal of business at ____(hereinafter called Agent). Whereby it is mutuly agreed as follows:

Article 1. Appointment

During the effective period of this Agreement. Seller hereby appoints Agent as its exclusive agent to solicit orders for products stipulated in Article 4 from customers in the territory stipulated in Article 3 and Agent accepts and assumes such appointment.

Article 2. Agents Duty

Agent shall strictly conform with any and all instructions gvien by Seller to Agent from time to time and shall not make any representation,warranty,promise,contract,agreement or do any other act binding Seller. Seller shall not be held responsible for any acts or failures to act by Agent in excess of or contrary to such instructions.

Article 3. Territory

The territory covered under this Agreement shall be expressly confined to ____(hereinafter called Territory)

Aricle 4. Products

The products covered under this Agreement shall be expressly conned to ____(hereinafter called products)

Article 5. Exclusive Right

In consideration of the exclusive right herein granted, Seller shall not,dicectly of indirectly,sell of export products to Territory through other channel than Agent and Agent shall not sell, distribute or promote the sale of any products competitive with of similar to Products in Territory and shall not solicit or accept orders for the prupose of selling Produets outside Terrtory. Seller shall refer to Agent any inpuiry or order for products Seller may receive from others in Territory during the effective period of this Agreement.

Aritcle 6. Mimimum Transaction and Price

In the event that during one year (12 months) during the effective period of this Agreement,aggregate payment received by Seller from customers on orders obtained by Agent under this Agreement amounts to less than _____, Seller shall have the right to terminat this Agreement amounts to less than _____,Seller shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving thirty (30) days written notice to Agent.

The seller shall from time to time furnish the Agent with a statement of the minimum prices and the terms and conditions of sales at which the goods are respectively to be sold.

Article 7. orders

In soliciting orders ,Agent shall adepuately advise customers of the general terms and conditions of Sellers sales note or contract note and of any contract being subject to the confirmation of acceptance by Seller.Agent shall immediately dispatch any order received to Seller for its acceptance or rejection.

The seller shall have the right to refuse to execute or accept any such orders or any part thereof and the Agent shall not be entitled to any commission in respect of any such rejected order or part thereof refused.

Article 8. Expenses

All expenses and disbursements such as cabling,traveling and other expenses incurred in connection with the sale of products shall be for the account of Agents, unless especially arranged.Further Agent shall, at this own expenses,maintain office(s), salesmen and others sufficient for the performance of the obligation of Agent in conformity with any and all instructions given by Seller.

Article 9.Commission

Seller shall pay to Agent commission in _____ currency at the rate of ______% of the net invoiced selling price of products on all order directly obtained by Agent accepted by Seller. Such commission shall be payable every six months only after Seller receives the full amount of all payments due to Seller. Payments of such commission shall be made to Agent by way of remittance.

Article 10.Information and Report

Both Seller and Agent shall quartely and/or on the request of either party furnish information and market report each other to promote the sale of products as much as possible.Agent shall give Seller shall furnish with or without charge to Agent reasonable quantity of advertising literatures catalogues,leaflets,and the like as Agent may reasonably require.

Article 11. Sales Promotion

Agent shall diligently and adequately advertise and promote the sale of Products throughout Territory.Seller shall furnish with or without charge to Agent reasonable quantity of advertising literatures catalogues,leaflets,and the like as Agent may reasonably require.

Article 12 .Industrial Property Rights

Agent may use the trade - mark(s) of Seller during the effective period of this Agreement only in connection with the sale of Products, provided that even after the termination of this Agreement Agent may use the trade - mard(s) inconnection with the sale of Products held by it in stock at the time of termination. Agent shall also acknowledge that any and all patents, trade - marks, copyright and other industrial property rights used or embodied in Products shall remain to be sole properties of Seller and shall not dispute them in any way. If any infringement being found, Agent shall promptly notify seller and asist seller to take steps to protect its right.

Article 13. duration

This Agreement shall enter into force on the signing of both parties. At least three(3) months before the expiration of the term, both Seller and Agent shall consult each other for renewal of this - Agreement. If the renewal of this Agreement is agreed upon by both parties,this - Agreement shall be renewed for another_________ year(s) period under the terms and conditions herein set forth,with amendments, if agreed upon by both parties. Unless this Agreement shall expire on _______.

Article 14. Termination

In case there is any nonperformance and/or violation of the terms and conditions including Article 5,6,11 under this Agreement by either party during the effective period of this agreement,the parties hereto shall do their best to settle the matter in question as prompt and amicable as possible to mutual satisfaction.Unless settlement should be reacher within thirty (30) days after notification in writing of the other party,such other party shall have the right to cancel this Agreement and the loss and damges sustained thereby shall be indemnified by the party responsible for the nonperformance and/or violation. Further in case of bandruptcy or insolvency or liquidation or death and/or reorganization by the third party of the other party ,either party may forth with terminate this Agreement without any notice to the other party.

Article 15. Force Majeure

Either party shall not be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of the due to Acts of God, Governmet orders or restriction or any other events which could not be predicted at the time of the conclusion of the Agreement and could not be controlled,avoided or overcome by the parties.Hovever, the party effected by the Event of Force Majeure shall inform the other party of its occurrence in Written as soon as possible.

Article 16. Trade Terms and Governing Law

The trade terms under this Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the provisions of 1990 Incoterms and this Agreement shall be governed as to all matters including valitity,construction,and preformance under the laws of Peoples Republic of China.

Article 17. Arbitration:

All disputes arising from the performance of the Agreement should be settled through friendly negotiations. Should no settlement be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(Beijing) and the rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon both parties. The Arbitration fee shall be born by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization.

WITNESS THEREOF: This Agreement shall come into effect immediately after it is signed by boty parties in two original copies;each party holds one copy.

A.B.C Corp. X.Y.Z.Corp.

BY____________ BY____________