南阳

Good morning, everyone! Now, I will take you to visit Wuhou Ci, which islocated in WoLonggang, the western suburb of Nanyang city. The temple of marquisWu in Nanyang, also known as Zhuge cottage, is the former site of Zhuge Liang, afamous statesman and militarist in the Three Kingdoms period, who "worked hardin Nanyang". The place where uncle Liu visited three times in those days wasalso the place where people in the past dynasties paid homage to and sacrificedZhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang (181-234), with the name of Kongming, was born in Yangdu,Langya County, Shandong Province (now the south of Yishui County, ShandongProvince) in the late Han Dynasty. He lost his father when he was young, andthen went to Mu Liubiao in Jingzhou with his uncle zhugexuan. After Zhuge Xuansdeath, Zhuge Liang and his younger brother Zhuge all worked in Jielu,WoLonggang, Nanyang, and lived a life of cloth clothes that "lived in troubledtimes and did not seek fame and fame from Princes". However, he made friendswith famous people all over the world. He was full of wisdom and goodintentions. He lived in seclusion and pursued ambition. Mr. pound, a famousscholar at that time, compared him to a "Wolong" waiting for time to take off.In 207, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei paid homage to Zhuge Liang in Maolu.Since then, Zhuge Liang, 27, left WoLonggang, where he had been working for tenyears, and joined Liu Beis political group. Later, he became the Prime Ministerof Shu Han and became the Marquis of Wuxiang. After his death, he became loyalto the marquis. Therefore, Zhuge Liangs ancestral temple is called "MarquisTemple".

According to the records of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, WuhouTemple was built in the late Wei and Jin Dynasties. Through the continuousrepair and construction of generations, it has formed its present scale. Today,we see Wuhou Temple, covering an area of more than 200 mu, with more than 150halls, more than 70 procuratorial couplets and more than 300 inscriptions. It isthe largest ancient architectural complex in memory of Zhuge Liang in China.Todays Wuhou Temple maintains the layout style of the yuan and Ming Dynasties,and its wooden buildings are mostly rebuilt or added in the Ming and QingDynasties. The ancestral temple is built in accordance with the hillock, withBaihe River in the South and Zishan mountain in the north. The courtyard issurrounded by bamboo trees, pines and cypresses, clear water and pleasantscenery. The beautiful natural scenery and popular cultural landscape complementeach other, making people forget to return.

Well, members of the group, now we have come to the population of WuhouTemple. Look at this "Eternal Dragon" stone square, which is 9 meters high and13.5 meters wide. It has three doors and four columns and is full of carvings."Eternal Dragon" means that Zhuge Liang is the dragon among the people,metaphorically WoLonggang is the land of Hidden Dragon and crouching tiger. Youcan see that the second Daofang is called "Sangu Fang". It was set up during thereign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty. On both sides, it is engravedwith "Sangu Chu, Emperor zhaolie of the Han Dynasty" and "true God Man". It isto commemorate Liu Beis three talents. It is because of Liu Beis sincereconsideration that Zhuge Liang left WoLonggang, where he had lived in seclusionfor ten years, to assist Liu Bei. He devoted his whole life to the army anddied. Only when he died, could Liu Bei divide the world into three parts andachieve the imperial career. Therefore, Zhuge Liangs achievements areunparalleled. Liu Beis respect for knowledge and talents is real, not justverbal. This advantage is really worth learning from some of our leaders today!The three words "true God and man" come from Su Shis eulogy of Zhuge Liang:"man, God, immortal, I dont know, true Wolong." Take a look at wolongtan in thenorth of Shifang. There are three ancient catalpa trees on those sides. It issaid that they were the trees that Liu, Mei and Zhang Sangu used to tie horsesin those days. Now there is another one. Guess whos horse was tied to the treesmore than 1700 years ago?

Through sangufang and Xianren bridge, this road leads to the mountain gate.The mountain gate is the main gate of Wuhou Temple, which is simple anddignified. The three characters "Wuhou Temple" engraved on the stone plaque onthe forehead of the central gate are inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo. After themountain gate, the first courtyard to enter Wuhou Temple is spacious, withancient cypresses covering the sun and green bricks covering the ground, whichis simple and natural. The stone square of "three generations of talents" on thecorridor in the courtyard corresponds to the hall of worship. This is to praiseZhuge Liangs talent and moral character, which can be compared with Yiyin, LVShang, Fu Shuo and so on. Lets turn around and look at the four big charactersof "master of military strategy". Military strategy originally refers to theancient Chinese military books and military tactics, and later used to refer tomilitary tactics. Here is also a praise for Zhuge Liangs military strategy.

Members, this is the hall of worship, which is the main building of WuhouTemple. At the main entrance of the Dabai hall, there is a plaque in the runningscript of Liao Wenjin, the magistrate of Nanyang in the third year of Daoguangreign of the Qing Dynasty (1823). Inside the hall, there is a statue of Kongmingduan sitting on the front. He has a silk napkin and a feather fan, and hisdemeanor is solemn. It is the typical costume of the hermit Confucians in thelate Eastern Han Dynasty. On the left is his eldest son Zhuge Zhan, and on theright is his eldest grandson Zhuge Shang. The pillars under the eaves of thehall are covered with couplets and plaques of celebrities and poets of pastdynasties, which are full of the worlds respect and admiration for ZhugeLiang.

Look at this pair: "Lv Panxi yixinye King Zuo Qis talent has been followedby Wan Langyas winner, Chang Jing Lun Bu Huan, and Qi Baos uncle Zheng Zipisholy gates promise is also in line with Xu Yuans direct view of the virtuousand able peoples efforts.". This couplet eulogizes LV Shang, Yi Yin, Guan Zhongand Zhuge Liang, who can help the emperor to turn the tide and run the country.It also eulogizes Bo Le, who recommends talented people like Bao Shuya, ZhengZipi and Xu Yuanzhi. It has profound implications and enlightens people.

Look at this pair: "standing between Xinye and Weibin, I read that I was amaster of two dynasties. I was surprised by Sima. Jielu was singing Liangsfather in the white water of Zifeng. The wind and cloud rose from Wolong forthousands of years." Here, product refers to grade and grade.

Xinye Weibin refers to Yiyin and lvshang when they lived in seclusion. Thetwo dynasties refer to Liu Bei and Liu Chan. Jing Sima refers to the use ofwooden statues after Zhuge Liangs death, which made Sima Yi dejected. In thesecond couplet, Zifeng Baishui refers to Zishan and Baihe in the suburbs ofNanyang. Qu Yin, Liang Fu, or Yinyong, tells the story of Qi Xiangman Yingkilling three scholars with two peaches. It is said that it was written by ZhugeLiang. This couplet fully praises Zhuge Liangs lofty integrity and greatachievements. When he lived in seclusion, he was indifferent to his ambition,quiet and farsighted, which could be compared with the noble behavior of Yiyinand lvshang. He built the thatched cottage at the foot of Zishan mountain andthe Bank of Baihe River. He compared himself with Guan Zhong and Leyi, andpeople like Jiang Ziya and Zhang Zifang, who had been prosperous for 800 yearsin Zhou Dynasty and 400 years in WangHan Dynasty I know that "thatched cottagepair" talks about the worlds situation and strategic decision-making, whichshows his political foresight and great talent; how strong and fierce his mindis, moving tears! With the spirit of dedicating himself to death, he helped thetwo emperors to establish the great cause of Shuhan.

Just imagine that it was Liu, Guan and Zhang who came here to look afterthe cottage that led to Zhuge Liangs official career and the magnificent andcolorful history of the war of the Three Kingdoms. Despite thousands of years ofvicissitudes and vicissitudes, Zhuges great name is still in the universe, andthe stories of the three kingdoms are popular all over the world. Zhuge Liangspolitical, military and governing strategies are the precious spiritual wealthof the Chinese nation. Zhuge Liangs immortal reputation is always worthy ofpeoples memory. At this moment, standing in the temple of marquis Wu andremembering the great cause of Kong Mings life, why dont we go back to ancienttimes and think about the time when Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion inwolonggangtou, Nanyang, studied hard history books, looked around the world, setgreat ambitions and cared about the peoples livelihood, and spent his youthhere. In the last years of the Shu Han Dynasty, however, there was a Dou whocould not support him. In addition, his national strength was poor. AlthoughZhuge Liang was determined to unite the Central Plains, he went out of the QiMountain six times, but he could not sing alone. Whats more, he lamented thathe died of illness after a long hard work. Later generations think about it, allof them feel regret. Just as Du Fu said in his poem, "if you look at the worldfrequently, you will benefit the old ministers in the two dynasties.". Beforeyou succeed, you will die first. "The heart is in the court. No matter what theleader is, why should you argue about Xiangyang and Nanyang?"

This is a famous couplet written by Gu Jiaheng in Qing Dynasty. The firstcouplet says that Zhuge Liang is dedicated to the country, regardless of whetherthe monarch is the wise Liu Bei or the fatuous a Bandou. The second couplet saysthat Zhuge Liang is famous forever and praises the world. Why should wedistinguish between Xiangyang and Nanyang? This is a historical "case". It turnsout that Zhuge Liang recalled that he said before he left the thatched cottage:"Chen Ben Bu Yi, devoted himself to farming in Nanyang", but there was another"Longzhong Dui", which was in Xiangyang, Hubei Province.

As a result, both Nanyang people and Xiangyang people said that Zhuge Lianglived in seclusion in his hometown. Scholars quoted classics one after anotherand refused to give in to each other. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there wasa lawsuit. Gu Jiaheng, a native of Hubei Province, was also the magistrate ofNanyang, Henan Province at that time. In order not to offend the people of hishometown, but also not to stab the official land, he had to come to "he xianni"and wrote down this pair of eclectic couplets riding on the wall, askingeveryone not to divide Nanyang and Xiangyang, thus alleviating a long-standingdispute. Therefore, this pair of couplets became famous for peoples recitation.In 1959, Hu Yao, then Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee ofthe Communist Youth League, came to Nanyang to inspect his work. He appreciatedthe couplet and changed it into a couplet: "the heart lies in the people. Nomatter what the big or small things are, why should we fight for more or less?"The new content given to the revolution by the old form of the ancient namecouplet fully embodies the broad mind and noble sentiment of Comrade Hu Yao, therevolutionist of the older generation.

It seems that up to now, Gu Jiahengs couplet still gives us usefulenlightenment. In addition, there are many famous couplets in Wuhou Temple, mostof which praise Zhuge Liangs talent and virtue. If these couplets are puttogether and analyzed vertically and horizontally, it can be said to be an epicof the Three Kingdoms. Such as this pair: set three points, burn Bowang, go outof Qishan, immortal; Qi zhouyu, Ping Sima, capture Menghuo, spread from ancientto modern. There is also a wonderful couplet: collect two rivers, set up eightformations, seven capture and six out. Wuzhang originally set up 49 brightlights, only for the sake of kindness; take western Shu, attack Southernbarbarians, and refuse to the East and the north. The Chinese Armys account issealed with gold, wood and earth, and the water surface can be attacked by fire.The first couplet skillfully uses one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,eight, nine, and ten numbers. The second couplet flexibly uses 10 characters,including East, West, north, South, middle, gold, wood, water, fire, earth, andthe whole couplet contains 54 characters. It succinctly expounds Zhuge Liangslife of fighting, which helped Liu Bei and his son to fight in the army after heleft the thatched cottage.

Please come here with me to visit the calligraphy of Yue Fei. This iscomposed of 2l stone tablets. They are exquisitely carved and very spectacular.Chushibiao is Zhuge Liangs memorial to Liu Chan in the fifth year of Jianxing(227 years). It describes his loyalty thought of "devoting all his efforts" torevive the Han Dynasty. It has become an eternal masterpiece with strong appeal.In 1138, Yue Fei, a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty who foughtagainst Jin Dynasty, passed by Nanyang on his way to fight against Jin Dynasty.After watching chushibiao, he was moved to tears by Zhuge Liangs spirit ofworking hard and dying. He could not sleep at night. He was filled with emotion.Later, at the request of Taoist, he wrote more than 1300 words of chushibiao inone go Recite and write to express your mind. Its characters are iron andsilver, and the Dragon flies and the Phoenix dances. It is natural and graceful,unrestrained and incisive, which shows the superb art of calligraphy. Today,when we visit Wuhou Temple and watch chushibiao, we can not only see Kong Mingsmind and ambition, but also appreciate Yue Feis calligraphy. Its a greatblessing in this life.

Now we go up the steps around the main hall and enter a quiet and beautifulcourtyard. The courtyard is surrounded by ancient trees, flowers and cypresses.This octagonal building is the world-famous Zhuge cottage. The thatched cottageis of brick and wood structure, covered with thatch and connected withcloisters, which is simple and crude. A stone tablet in 1478, the 14th year ofChenghua of Ming Dynasty, was erected in lunei. On the front of the stele, sevencharacters were engraved with "the old Lu of Zhuge and Kongming of Han Dynasty".A plaque written by Mr. Guo Moruo and the Democratic Party yuan Laoyu was hungin lunei and on the forehead. The eight corners of the thatched cottage are setup and eight wind chimes are hung, with a unique style. Whenever the wind blowsgently, the wind chimes jingle, as if telling a story that has been passed downthrough the ages. We can have a close view of the surrounding scenery when wetake a rest in the Lu. The ancients once said that there are eight scenes in oneLu. Eight of the ten scenes in WoLonggang can be seen here: Gubai Pavilion,yeyundi, banyuetai, Gonggeng Pavilion, Xiaohong bridge, Baoxi stone, Laolongcave, etc., which are built around the Lu, forming the trend of many starsarching the moon. Although these scenic spots are located in the same courtyard,there is no sense of congestion and embarrassment. The steles and corridors areconnected with each other. They are opposite to each other, forming a beautifuland quiet garden scenery. When you move, you can guide the scenery, showing thesuperb gardening art of the ancients.

At the right back of the thatched cottage, it is a brick and stonestructure with a table structure. The plane is square and the height is aboutseveral feet. It can spiral up along the stairway. There is a brick wall patternplatform on it. You can watch the sky from a distance by relying on the railing.Zhuge Liang, who knew astronomy and geography, was good at making use of naturalphenomena such as wind, rain and fog to serve the war. Folk stories such asgrass boat borrowing arrows and offering sacrifices to the east wind were wellknown to women and children. There is a poem in the Qing Dynasty praising it:"the moon in the Han Dynasty is hollowed out to show the blue sky. With a highview, you can see the cold smoke. You can see the water in the forest and waitfor the full moon." The front of the platform is a semi-circular brick gate withthree characters of "banyuetai" written by Gu Jiaheng embedded on it and a halfmoon pattern on the side. On both sides, it is engraved with the couplet "sincethe universe, how many cloth clothes can make the mountains and rivers colorful?Whats wrong with the humble room?" which evolved from Liu Yuxis "this is thehumble room, only my Dexin" and "zhugelu in Nanyang, Ziyun Pavilion in Xishu,Confucius said: what is the humble room.".

Dear tourists, now we come to Ningyuan building, also known as Qingfengbuilding. Sitting at the end of the central axis, it is the highest building ofthe whole temple. It is said that it is the former site of Zhuge Liangs studywhen he lived in seclusion in Nanyang. The name of the building comes from"quiet Zhiyuan". The plaque of "eternal cloud" originated from Du Fus poem "Odeto historic sites": "the great name of Zhuge falls down to the universe, theportraits of Zong Chen are lofty, the three separate regimes are fiber planning,and the eternal cloud has a feather." On the doorpost hung a famous coupletwritten by Zhao fan, the salt tea envoy of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, at WuhouTemple in Chengdu: "if you can attack the heart, the opposite will disappear.Since ancient times, you know that soldiers are not belligerent. If you dontjudge the situation, you will be lenient and strict. You have to think deeplyabout how to govern Sichuan."

When Zhuge Liang was in the southern expedition, Ma Shi once suggested that"attack the heart first, attack the city first, fight the heart first, and fightthe Army second". Zhuge Liang adopted this suggestion, and captured and releasedMeng Huo seven times, which had a soothing effect. Leniency and strictness arethe focus of Zhuge Liangs Dafa Zhengshu. After Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei toestablish his political power in Shu, he carried out severe rule of law andcarried out various reforms in accordance with the situation of "Liu Zhang wasweak in the dark, and the punishment was not severe" and "the local people ofShu were in a state of dictatorship". At that time, the prefect of Sichuanthought Zhuge Liangs "criminal law was severe" and suggested Zhuge Liangs"punishment should be relaxed" according to Liu Bangs lenient punishment whenhe entered Sichuan. Zhuge Liang analyzed the history and wrote the book of replyto the law according to the situation. He pointed out that according to theactual situation, we cant copy the lenient punishment of the people of Sichuan,and advocated that the rule of law should be strictly implemented according tothe situation of Yizhou at that time. Lianwen spoke highly of Zhuge Liang andemphasized the importance of judging the situation. This couplet isthought-provoking and full of profound and vivid dialectic thoughts of unity ofopposites, such as positive and negative, leniency and strictness, harmony andwar, cultural administration and martial arts. Therefore, Mao Zedong highlypraised this couplet and praised it as a thought-provoking "administrativechapter" and "public security policy".

Now, lets take a look at Sangu temple. The couplet of "two watches rewardthree looks, a pair of feet for thousands of years" is hung on the gate post ofSangu temple. In the temple, the cypress stands upright, the grass is as greenas fungus, the courtyard is vast and deep, and the surrounding walls are coveredwith inscriptions, which is known as "stele wall". In the hall, there are goldstatues of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Guan Yu has red face and Phoenix eyes. He hasbeautiful beard and chest. He is calm and relaxed. He is majestic. Zhang Feisface is dark. He has leopard head and eyes. He has swallow jaw and tiger beard.He is impatient. When it comes to Zhang Fei, he is not a politician. He is notas far sighted as Liu Bei. He does not see the value of Zhuge Liang. When helooked at the hut, he didnt see Kong Ming. He said, "since I didnt see him, Iwill go back." He didnt complain. His performance was fair and reasonable. WhenLiu Bei was ready for the second visit, Zhang Fei said, "measure a villager. Whyshould my elder brother go by himself? He can be called here." Liu Beiscriticism

Now we are going to pay homage to Zhang Heng, an outstanding scientist andfamous writer in the Han Dynasty.

Zhang Heng was born and buried in Nanyang. Zhang Hengs tomb is located inShiqiao Town, 25 kilometers north of Nanyang city. It is 8 meters high and 79meters long. It is surrounded by brick passageways and octagonal walls. It issurrounded by green pines and cypresses. It is planted all over the garden,covered by green grass, and the cemetery is solemn and quiet. The front of theflower wall is the gate of January. There are two tombstones in front of thegate. One is erected in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and the other iserected in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. There is a stone inscriptionwritten by Guo Moruo in front of the tomb: "such a person with all-rounddevelopment is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship him forthousands of years."

Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, Nanyang County West e (todays Shiqiao Town)people. He was born in the third year of emperor Zhangs reign (78) and died inthe fourth year of emperor Yonghe (139). Zhang Heng is intelligent, quick andeager to learn, erudite and versatile. He has set up a towering monument in thehistory of science and culture in the world, and is known as "the worldscultural celebrity and Chinas science leader."

Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Luoyangwas the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Scholarsgathered, schools were like a forest, academic atmosphere was strong, andculture and education were unprecedentedly prosperous. In order to broaden hishorizons, Zhang Heng visited Luoyang in March of Yangchun in the sixth year ofemperor Yongyuan (1994). This time he lived in Luoyang for six years. Duringthis period, he spent his main energy on traveling to Taixue, visiting famousteachers, seeking friends, learning modestly and studying assiduously.

He was proficient in Five Classics (Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu) and Six Arts(Li, Yue, she, Yu, Shu, Shu). With the help of his good friend Cui yuan, hebegan to study astronomy, mathematics and calendar in natural science. He wrotea lot of beautiful Fu, which initially showed his extraordinary talent andattracted the attention of the society. He has a high attainments in literatureand science, which laid the ideological and theoretical foundation for him tobecome a great scientist.

In the late autumn of A.D. 100, Bao de was transferred to NanyangPrefecture. Recommended by Cui yuan, 23-year-old Zhang Heng left Luoyang, thecapital, and went with Bao De to Nanyang Prefecture as the governor.

In the fifth year of Emperor Han ans Yongchu period (111), Bao de andothers played on the Ming emperor in Beijing, which made emperor an know thatZhang Heng was knowledgeable, so he took the bus to Nanyang to enlist Zhang Hengto become a doctor of Shangshutai in Luoyang. Three years later, he was promotedto be shangshilang, and the next year he was changed to Taishiling.

Taishiling was in charge of astronomy, calendar, meteorology andsacrificial ceremonies. This created a very favorable condition for Zhang Hengsin-depth study and practice of astronomical calendar. In 133, Zhang Heng waspromoted to serve as a senior advisor to the emperor. In the first year ofYonghe (136), Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng was expelled from Luoyang,the capital, and became the Prime Minister of Hejian. Zhang Heng came to Luoyangfor the second time and lived for 26 years. In these 26 years, although hisofficial position changed several times, he served as the supreme historian forthe longest time. He did a lot of scientific research when he was appointed asthe imperial historian. Lingtai is the largest Astronomical Observatory in Chinaduring the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was used for 250 years. Zhang Heng notonly wrote some important scientific works such as Lingxian, earthquakecountermeasures, and notes on the armillary sphere, but also designed andcreated some ingenious instruments such as the armillary sphere and the Houfengseismograph, making outstanding contributions to mankind.

In Lingxian, Zhang Heng explained in detail the natural phenomena of thechange of lunar phenomena and the occurrence of lunar eclipse. After scientificanalysis, many scientific opinions are put forward. He recorded the stars in thesky when he was observing in Lingtai. There are 2500 brighter stars, 124 regularstars and 320 named stars. This is roughly the same as the statistics of modernastronomy that 2500-3000 stars can be seen with the naked eye at the same timeand place. The number of stars observed in Luoyang at that time is basically thesame as that observed in modern times. Therefore, he also drew the Lingxian map,which is the earliest star map in China.

Good morning, friends! Now, I will take you to visit Wuhou Ci, which islocated in WoLonggang, the western suburb of Nanyang city. The temple of marquisWu in Nanyang, also known as Zhuge cottage, is the former site of Zhuge Liang, afamous statesman and militarist in the Three Kingdoms period, who "worked hardin Nanyang". The place where uncle Liu visited three times in those days wasalso the place where people in the past dynasties paid homage to and sacrificedZhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang (181-234), whose name is Kongming, was born in Yangdu, LangyaCounty, Shandong Province (now the south of Yishui County, Shandong Province) atthe end of Han Dynasty. He lost his father when he was young, and then went toMu Liubiao in Jingzhou with his uncle zhugexuan. After Zhuge Xuans death, ZhugeLiang and his younger brother Zhuge all worked in Jielu, WoLonggang, Nanyang,and lived a life of cloth clothes that "lived in troubled times and did not seekfame and fame from Princes". However, he made friends with famous people allover the world. He was full of wisdom and good intentions. He lived in seclusionand pursued ambition. Mr. pound, a famous scholar at that time, compared him toa "Wolong" waiting for time to take off. In 207, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Feipaid homage to Zhuge Liang in Maolu. Since then, Zhuge Liang, 27, leftWoLonggang, where he had been working for ten years, and joined Liu Beispolitical group. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Shu Han and became theMarquis of Wuxiang. After his death, he became loyal to the marquis. Therefore,Zhuge Liangs ancestral temple is called "Marquis Temple".

According to the records of longgangzhi written by Kangxi of Qing Dynasty,Wuhou Temple was built in the late Wei and Jin Dynasties. It has beencontinuously repaired and added to form its present scale. Today, the WuhouTemple, which we see, covers an area of more than 200 mu, has more than 150halls, more than 70 procuratorial couplets and more than 300 inscriptions. It isthe largest ancient architectural complex in memory of Zhuge Liang in China.Todays Wuhou Temple maintains the layout style of the yuan and Ming Dynasties,and its wooden buildings are mostly rebuilt or added in the Ming and QingDynasties. The ancestral temple is built in accordance with the hillock, withBaihe River in the South and Zishan mountain in the north. The courtyard issurrounded by bamboo trees, pines and cypresses, clear water and pleasantscenery. The beautiful natural scenery and popular cultural landscape complementeach other, making people forget to return.

Well, members of the group, now we have come to the population of WuhouTemple. Look at this "Eternal Dragon" stone square, which is 9 meters high and13.5 meters wide. It has three doors and four columns and is full of carvings."Eternal Dragon" means that Zhuge Liang is the dragon among the people,metaphorically WoLonggang is the land of Hidden Dragon and crouching tiger. Youcan see that the second Daofang is called "Sangu Fang". It was set up during thereign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty. On both sides, it is engravedwith "Sangu Chu, Emperor zhaolie of the Han Dynasty" and "true God Man". It isto commemorate Liu Beis three talents. It is because of Liu Beis sincereconsideration that Zhuge Liang left WoLonggang, where he had lived in seclusionfor ten years, to assist Liu Bei. He devoted his whole life to the army anddied. Only when he died, could Liu Bei divide the world into three parts andachieve the imperial career. Therefore, Zhuge Liangs achievements areunparalleled. Liu Beis respect for knowledge and talents is real, not justverbal. This advantage is really worth learning from some of our leaders today!The three words "true God and man" come from Su Shis Wu Hou Miao Ji, whichpraises Zhuge Liangs saying: "human, God, immortal, I dont know, true Wolong."Take a look at wolongtan in the north of Shifang. There are three ancientcatalpa trees on those sides. It is said that they were the trees that Liu, Meiand Zhang Sangu used to tie horses in those days. Now there is another one.Guess whos horse was tied to the trees more than 1700 years ago?

Through sangufang and Xianren bridge, this road leads to the mountain gate.The mountain gate is the main gate of Wuhou Temple, which is simple anddignified. The three characters "Wuhou Temple" engraved on the stone plaque onthe forehead of the central gate are inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo. After themountain gate, the first courtyard to enter Wuhou Temple is spacious, withancient cypresses covering the sun and green bricks covering the ground, whichis simple and natural. The stone square of "three generations of talents" on thecorridor in the courtyard corresponds to the hall of worship. This is to praiseZhuge Liangs talent and moral character, which can be compared with Yiyin, LVShang, Fu Shuo and so on. Lets turn around and look at the four big words"master of military strategy". Military strategy originally refers to theancient Chinese military books "six Taos" and "three strategies". Latergenerations used it to refer to military strategy. Here is also a praise forZhuge Liangs military strategy.

China has a recorded history of some 3，600 years， beginning with the ShangDynasty(16th——12th century BC)。The first stage is the primitive society。 Thehistory was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuyBC)。 The second major periob lasted from about 2，000 to 200 BC。 The historydated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty， which constitutedthe first Chinese state。 The third stage extended all the way from 221BC， whenQin Shihuang united China， to the Opium War of 1840。 Historical docments namethe third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule。 The feudal society in China passedthrough a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period， and endingin shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618)， Western Jin(265——316)via EasternJin(317——439) and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589)。

The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period。 At the rnd of theEastern Han Dynasty(25——220) a gtrat peasant revolt happened。 Many localofficials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing therebellion。 During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyptheir own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomousregional warlords。 Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into threekingdoms of Wei， Shu and Wu。 The populous episodic novel，The Romance of theThree Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividlydepicts the turbulent social conditions at that time。 The rulers of the threeindependent kingdoms struggled for supremacy。 Cao Cao and his son establishedthe kingdom of Wei at Loyang。 He was in actual control of only the North Chinahomeland。 Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere。 The kingdomof Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley， The kingdom ofShu was created with its capital in Chengdu。 Ti was in the control of Sichuanand parts ojf the highland of south China。

Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu。 It is the place tocommemorate Zhu Geliang， Prime Minister of the kingdom。 Wuhou was a top officialtitle conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death。 It is unfortunate that nohistorical documents have recorded the time of its establishment。 However， DuFu， a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:"Wherewould I find the Prime Ministers shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan， in a densecypress glade。"

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistencein the Tang Dynadty。 During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and EmperorLiu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu， At the beginning of the MingDynasty the two temples merged into one。 Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty themerged tempke was destroyed during war chaos。 The present buildings date fromthe Qing Dynasty in 1672。 The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribedboard。 It says， "Han Zhaolie Temple"。Han refers to the kingdom of Shui; zhaoliewas Liu Beis posthumous title。 The board indicates that the whole temple wasbuilt in honor of Liu Bei。 But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempkeinstead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliangs invaluable historicalcontribution， and his political and military strategies to the development ofthe kingdom。 In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it ZhuGrliang Temple regardless of the emperors dignity and the temples originalname。 Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple throughcommon practice。

鹤壁市赴南阳学习特色农业考察报告

鹤壁市赴南阳学习特色农业考察报告

为认真贯彻落实省委农村工作会议和市委经济工作会议精神，学习借鉴外地先进经验，加快我市农业结构调整步伐，我市组织有关人员对南阳市的特色农业进行了考察，现将考察情况汇报如下。     一、考察地点情况简介     鹤壁市赴南阳市学习特色农业考察组由市政府副秘长李玉家和市农业局局长韦泽淇带队，由市政府综合科、市农业局、市农业结构调整办公室的有关同志，及各县区农业局局长共**人组成。考察历时*天（2月—**日），先后对南阳市的*县、*区、*个乡（镇）的**个生产基地、专业市场、组培中心、高科技园区的**个项目进行了重点考察。考察内容涉及高科技农业、市场和基地建设、农业一体化经营、生态养殖、种苗组培技术、网箱养鱼等。考察采取实地考察和同领导、专家、农民座谈相结合的形式。考察路线为：南阳市——唐河县——新野县——卧龙区——淅川县。  南阳市概况  南阳市位于河南省西南部，三面环山，山、岗、平地各占三分之一，海拔.*—.*米，处于北亚热带向暖温带过度地带，年均降水量—毫米。全市辖**县、*市、*区，*个乡镇，*万人，占全省总人口的.*%，其中农业人口*万人。国土总面积*.万平方公里，占全省的.*%，耕地面积万亩，占全省的.*%，农民人均*.**亩。有效灌溉面积万亩，其中旱涝保收田万亩，分别占耕地面积的.*%和.*%是全国农业科技和林业科技示范基地，科技对农村经济的贡献份额为%。南阳素有粮仓之称，常年农作物播种面积万亩，粮经比为：，粮食总产占全省的%、全国的*%，棉花总产占全省的%、全国的*%，油料总产占全省的%、全国的 *.*%。2001年全市农业总产值亿元，比上年增长*%，其中小辣椒、食用菌、南阳黄牛、中药材、瓜菜、棉油烟六大支柱产业产值占农业总产值的%，农民人均纯收入、财政收入来自六大支柱产业的比重达%、%。  唐河县桐寨铺优质瓜菜基地  桐寨铺镇*万人，万亩耕地，其中温棚瓜菜*万亩。该基地规模*.*万亩，早春反季节西瓜*.*万亩，美国西芹等蔬菜*万亩，西芹亩产*万公斤，年收益*元。西瓜一年三茬，品种为早冠龙、美抗*号，年亩效益*万元以上。大棚金太阳凯特杏盛果期亩产可达公斤，4月中旬上市，年亩效益*万元以上。该基地突出特点是高科技、高投入、高效益。  唐河县城郊乡优质梨示范基地  基地位于唐河县西大岗，优质梨面积*亩，其中挂果面积*亩，平均亩产—公斤，亩效益*元以上。主要品种是唐酥金花梨，该品种色黄形美，肉细味甜，耐贮适运，被中国农科院专家誉为全国优质梨珍品之一。基地内全部采用节水灌溉技术，梨园实现了滴灌。基地在经营上采取由农户分散经营逐步向科技大户集中的策略，在服务体系上采取由优质梨开发公司牵头，吸收果农成立股份合作社，统一供应物资，统一技术指导，统一病虫害防治，统一包装，统一销售产品，实现了产前、产中、产后一体化服务。  唐河县农业技术推广中心  唐河县位于南阳盆地东缘，辖**个乡，*个村，农业人口*万人，国土面积*平方公里,耕地面积.*万亩。*年被中国农科院定为科技综合示范县。县农业技术推广中心由办公大楼、高科技综合展示厅、种苗组培中心、农民科技培训中心、农业科技信息服务中心、农民咨询接待站等组成。“九五”期间该中心承担国务院、国家计委、农业部、水利部、财政部、农科院、林科院等单位重点科研项目**项，共投入资金.*万元。科技带动了全县农业和农村经济的快速增长，“九五”期间全县GDP平均年增幅为.*%，农业总产值平均年增幅为.*%，农民人均纯收入平均年增幅为.*%，地方财政收入平均年增幅为 .*%。  新野县沙堰铺镇肉牛生态养殖园  示范园占地*亩，其中饲料田**亩，牛舍**亩。畜位*个，镇镇政府投资*万元建设基础设施，农户投资建设生产设施。同时该养殖园由*户农民承包，每户养牛—头。经营模式为承包户自主经营，年总效益**万元。生产模式为：大田种牧草——牧草饲牛——牛粪生沼气——沼液肥田。  新野县瓜菜产地批发市场  该市场始建于*年，目前规模已达**亩，年交易额*亿元，交易瓜菜亿公斤。批发市场由生产服务区、加工包装区、产品交易区和产品冷藏库组成。市场由新野蔬菜有限责任公司自主经营，产品销往全国各地。公司现有职工**人，年纯收入*万元以上。为促进市场流通，新野县政府在全县开通了绿色农产品销售通道。  新野县城郊乡反季节蔬菜示范基地  基地涉及*个行政村，总规模*万亩，平均年亩效益*元，主要品种是反季节瓜菜，其中无公害瓜菜*亩。生产组织形式为：统一育苗，统一品种，统一服务，统一由牵头公司订单或网上销售。经营模式为，反租倒包，公司化运作，农户自主经营。在该基地的带动下，全乡蔬菜面积速迅扩大，农民收入大幅度增加，2001年全乡农民纯收入达*元，其中瓜菜收入占%。该基地的*个村*人，年存款余额达*万元，人均存款*元。  新野县王华镇西瓜基地  基地总面积*.*万亩，其中西瓜面积*万亩。在日光温室和塑料大棚的建设上，采取镇统一规划和建设标准，农民自主兴建的办法。技术措施上采用早春多膜覆盖，西瓜主导品种是日本甘元、金碧无籽、皇冠系列等。经营模式为反租倒包。早春反季节西瓜年亩效益达*元，日光温室年亩效益*.*万元。  南阳市卧龙农业高新科技示范园区  园区位于南阳市宛城区，占地*亩。园区由一个中心（即工厂化果蔬花卉快繁工程中心）和六大功能区（即名特优花卉栽培示范区、特种果树种植区、水产养殖示范区、大田现代化农业展示区、农产品加工区、综合农业科技服务区）组成，采用“投资业主制、运营公司制、科技承包制、挂靠联姻制”的运行机制。建设目标为：把园区建设成南阳市苗木繁育中心、科普示范基地、技术推广基地和高新农业技术嫁接改造传统农业试验示范基地、高科技农业实用人才培训基地、财源建设基地、南阳市休闲观光农业的基地。目前园区总投资已达*万元，已达到年生产万株苗木的能力。2001年生产杜鹃花等高品位花卉万盆，预计可实现产值*万元，实现利润*万元。  淅川县香花镇“香花辣椒城”  香花镇辣椒批发市场，占地*亩，总面积*平方米，经营商主多家，客商日流量达*.*万人，高峰期达*.*万人，是全国最大封闭式辣椒专业化市场，被国家工商局命名为“中国第一辣椒城”，市农业部的“定点市场”。“香花小辣椒”产品四次荣获国家名优产品称号，是深圳、广州、天津口岸的出口免检产品。产品销往**个国家和地区，多个省，多个县。2001年，香花辣椒城年交易量达*亿公斤，成交额达*亿元。在小辣椒批发市场的带动下，全县小辣椒发展到万亩，占耕地面积的%，年产干椒万公斤，实现综合产值*.*亿元，占农业总产值的四分之一，年创财政收入*万元，占财政总收入的十分之一，农民人均纯收入的%来自辣椒产业。  淅川县辣椒产业化项目基地  辣椒产业化基地包括辣椒工厂化育苗中心、辣椒技术培训学校、东方辣妹子集团公司和辣椒技术研究所。工厂化育苗中心联栋温室面积*平方米，年可供优质椒苗*亿株。研究所目前已选育出香花*、*、*、*号名优品种，建立了占地*亩的集良种繁育、科研攻关为一体的小辣椒新品种、新技术科研基地。全县已有辣椒加工企业家，生产系列产品多个，小辣椒年加工能力达到吨，产品远销韩国、香港、新加坡等国家和地区，年加工产值达*万元，税利*万元。香花牌小辣椒的良种开发、田间种植、产品加工、市场营销初步实现了产业化经营。  二、南阳市发展特色农业的主要经验  近年来，南阳市从农业进入新阶段的实际情况出发，依托本地资源优势和入世的挑战，因势利导调整农业结构，大力发展特色农业，形成了以小辣椒、瓜菜、食用菌、南阳黄牛、中药材、棉油烟六大支柱产业为支撑的特色农业，实现了农业增效和农民增收，推动了农业和农村经济的持续健康发展。南阳市在发展特色农业方面创造出来很多好的经验。  发挥优势，科学定位，因地制宜，各打各的优势仗。  南阳市地域广阔，地形地貌、气候和生物资源多样。近年来，南阳市市委、市政府因地制宜，找准了农业发展的优势和潜力，以大力发展特色农业为突破口，着力培育了区域性主导产业，促进了农业结构调整和农村产业结构优化升级，在发展特色农业上坚持以市场为导向，以充分发挥本地资源优势为切入点，突出地方特色，在特色上作文章，创建了区域特色经济发展模式。南阳市委、市政府针对本地实际，科学定位在平原地区以发展蔬菜等高效经济作物和南阳黄牛为主，岗丘区以发展烟叶、小辣椒、脱毒红薯和肉羊为主，山区以发展特色林果、中药材和食用菌为主，各打各的优势仗，努力膨胀规模，提升档次，提高效益，逐步形成能够带动产业升级的区域性主导产业。  依靠现代科技，改造传统农业  南阳市唐河县，坚持政科农贸一体化和“三有利”（有利于农民增收、有利于科研单位和科技人员增收、有利于财政增收）、“五结合”（利用外聘专家与发挥本地科技人员作用相结合、引进现代科技与培育农业主导产业相结合、行政推动与示范引导相结合、推广农业科技与提高农工素质相结合、引进高新技术与实用技术推广相结合）的基本思路，紧紧围绕创新机制、大规模引进现代科技改造传统农业，实现可持续发展这一主题，充分发挥行政组织、行政服务和科技支撑的综合优势，狠抓关键环节和重点技术的落实，拓展合作领域，加大科技成果转化力度，突出配套技术的组装集成，加快实现科技长入经济的模式由“政府+科技+农户”向“企业+科技+农户”转变，经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型和质量效益型转变，探索出了中西部地区农业快速发展的新路子，是在全国成功利用现代农业科技改造嫁接传统农业的创新典范。  依托专业市场，促进农产品流通  南阳市新野县的瓜菜批发市场，淅川县的辣椒批发市场，对促进农产流通起到了关键性的作用，农产品通过市场这个桥梁，实现了价值能力，解决了农民销售问题，促进了农民增收。同时，又进一步带动了生产，加快了区域支柱产业的形成和相关产业的联动发展，加快了农村劳动力的转移和农村工业化、城镇化进程。他们的主要做法是：以市场促流通，以流通带生产，以规模化的生产培育主导型产业，以主导型产业的发展促进农村产业结构的调整与优化。  以大规模带动大发展，实现高效益  考察中我们深深体会到，南阳市特色农业的一个突出特点是：连片集中规模大。淅川县小辣椒面积达到万亩，占全县耕地面积的一半，新野的瓜菜面积达到万亩，乡镇专业化生产基地规模均在万亩以上，大规模种植赢得了市场，体现了规模效益，促进了南阳市特色农业的跨跃发展。在促进产业做大做强方面，他们的主要做法是：政策引导，效益带动，资金扶持，技术帮教，定单种值，合同销售，农民真正实现了种有计划收有保障，规模化、专业化生产保护了农民的利益，使农民得到了实惠，农民内在积极性的激发，是应对市场挑战和发展规模化、专业化生产的前提和不遏动力。  实施名牌战略，推进特色产业上档升级  南阳市把抓工业的理念来运筹农业，把名牌作为市场营销的一种资本来动作，靠名牌提升区域特色经济档次，靠名牌提高农产品的竞争力和效益。在结构调整中，坚持以提高农产品品质为重点，着力推进农业增长方式由注重量的增长向质量、效益并重的转变，努力适应市场对农产品优质化、多样化的需求，加快农作物新品种更新步伐，全面提高优质专用作物品种、水果、名优特渔类、良种畜禽等优质农产品在发展总量中的比重。全市以优质专用小麦、优质稻、脱毒红薯为重点的优质专用粮食品种已占粮食总面积的%以上。在提高品质的同时，大力实施名牌战略，靠名牌开拓市场，促进流通，带动产业持续发展。2001年南阳市的朝天椒、油桃、天麻、香菇、山茱萸等种农产品被命名为全国名牌产品，数量位居全省各市首位。一批名优特新农产品商品基地初具规模，西峡县被命名为全国香菇之乡、猕猴桃之乡，镇平县被命名为全国地毯之乡、玉雕之乡，南召县被命名为全国辛夷之乡、柞蚕之乡。质量意识的增强，知名品牌的树立为农产品进一步扩大市场销路、加快结构调整、培育壮大特色产业奠定了良好的基础。  三、建议  南阳市发展特色农业成功经验值得我们借鉴，结合我市实际，考察组提出如下建议。  1、继续大力推进创建全省、全国农业结构调整综合示范区的建设步伐  市委、市政府这一决策，不仅结合我市实际，而且也是积极应对WTO的重大举措，因此要紧紧围绕“一个中心、两个基地、四个重点产业”的建设，以畜牧业为龙头带动农业结构调整，促进农业增效和农民增收。  2、大力发展农产品产地专业批发市场，促进农产品流通  重点加强善堂花生、大枣批发市场和新镇韭菜批发市场建设，要进一步完善设施，扩大规模，强化管理，拓展功能，增强市场的辐射带动能力。同时在全市开通农产品流通绿色通道，解除农产品区域流通壁垒，促进农产品流通。  3、继续加强高效农业示范园区建设  高效农业示范园区建设，重点是扩大规模，优化品种结构，完善经营机制，搞好技术培训和服务，进一步提高园区档次和效益。  4、加强农村社会化服务网络建设  要重点搞好农业技术推广服务网络建设，增强科技投入，稳定科技队伍，培育高素质的科技人才，加强与高等院所的技术合作，提高科技创新和成果转化水平。加强信息化网络体系建设，加快市级绿洲农网改扩建进度，尽快实现市、县、乡、村、户五级连网。建立农产品信息发布制度，为农户和企业提供及时有效的生产与销售信息服务。大力发展农村专业协会和经纪人队伍，进一步提高社会化服务水平。  *、推进标准化生产，提高农产品安全水平  要积极应对入世的挑战，加快农产品标准化生产技术规程的研究制定，大力发展无公害、绿色农产品，尽快建立农产品质量检测检验体系，提高农产品安全水平。今年大宗农作物和畜产品要初步建立标准化生产技术规程，尽快以国际标准接轨，建设一批无公害、绿色农产品生产示范基地。

甲方：_____________乙方：___________

一、乙方承租甲方位于___市___区___镇___幢___的房屋约___平方米。租赁房屋用途_住宿_。

二、租赁期限_____个月，从_____年___月____日至____年___月____日。甲方______月_______日交房。

三、租金每月___元人民币，缴款方式：_____个月付一次，先付后住。第二次付房租费时间必须在第一次房期结束前15天内付清，以后以此类推。

四、为保证合同的履行，乙方必须交付给甲方押金___元，合同期满甲方扣除有关费用后退还押金，不计息。不足部分甲方有权追偿。入住前水___度，电____度。

五、室内设施物品及公用物品：床、衣柜及洗衣机、热水器各一个。

六、补充：

甲方的权利和义务：

1、甲方应配备乙方所需要的用水、用电基础设施，因乙方造成设施损害的，由乙方承担费用。

2、甲方保证对出租的该房屋有处分权，按国家规定和本合同规定向乙方收取相应的水电费、有线电视费、电话费、物业管理费等。

3、乙方因违反国家法律、法规，被政府执法机关行政处罚的，甲方有权终止合同，收回房屋。

4、合同依法终止的，甲方有权责令乙方从合同终止日起10天内及时退出房屋，原租赁房屋内滞留的物品视为乙方自动放弃，由甲方处臵滞留物品。

乙方的权利和义务：

1、乙方必须遵纪守法。外来人员居住必须主动办理暂住户口手续。

2、乙方不得损坏屋内外设施，不准擅自转租、转让、转借、改造所租房屋，不准偷电、水，不得擅自增设其他用电、用水设施，否则引起的不良后果有乙方承担。确因特殊原因需转让或改造的，必须经甲方同意。房屋内电、水费用由乙方自行承担。

3、乙方不得利用所租赁房屋进行违法活动;否则，甲方有权终止合同收回房屋。

4、乙方财产均由乙方自行保管。乙方在租赁期内，可以向保险公司投保人身保险、财产保险。如意外出险，可以依法直接向投保单位索赔。

5、续租房屋的，乙方应在租期满前30天内与甲方协商续签合同。否则，视乙方无续租权。

违约责任：

1、甲方或乙方签订本合同后，如有特殊情况不再履行本合同的，必须提前30天通知对方并取得同意意见。

2、如发生违约的，违约方应该支付给对方一个月房租额度的违约金。

3乙方擅自转租、转让、转借或改变房屋用途的，甲方有权终止合同，收回房屋。

七、本合同履行期间，如因国家有关法律、法令变化或不可抗力以及因土地征用而拆迁等因素，致使合同无法继续履行的，合同自然终止，各方互不承担责任。

八、本合同如有未尽事宜，各方应本着平等自愿公平公正互谅互让的原则进行协商，作出书面补充约定。补充约定与本合同有同等效力。

九、本合同发生争议，各方应协商解决，协商不成的，可以依法申请行政调解;协调或调解不成的，按下列第种方法解决：提交宁波仲裁委员会仲裁;依法向人民法院起诉。

十、本合同一式2份，甲、乙、方各执一份。

甲方：乙方：

签名：签名：

日期：