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《我们的生命》这一课通过让学生在探寻生命孕育、生命成长的过程中，了解生命成长的不易，感受生命成长的快乐。认识到生命是美好也是脆弱的，自己的生命承载着家人的爱与期待，更关系着家人的欢乐与幸福，深刻领会“生命不仅仅属于自己”，从而倍加珍惜自己的生命。

导入环节以“吃喜面，大家是怎样为新生儿的诞生庆祝的。”这一以孩子们生活为基础的话题导入新课。接着，让学生说一说自己出生那一天，自己的家人是怎样度过的?心情如何?随着学生争相回答，课堂的气氛变得活跃起来。在孩子们情绪高涨之时，我提出：“你是怎样出生的?”这一问题激发学生求知欲，引导学生思考。我利用课件让学生了解生命孕育的过程，观看妈妈怀孕时的照片，想一想，妈妈在怀你的时候会想些什么?当你还在妈妈肚子里的时候，爸爸妈妈有些什么想法、感受和期盼，为了生个聪明健康的宝宝，他们是怎么做的? 让学生感受到，自己还未来到世上，家人已经倾注了无数的心血和汗水，而且还寄予了很多期望，从而要爱惜自己的生命。

改进建议：1、走出去、请进来，多学习别人的优点。

2、努力钻研教材、用好教材，掌握先进的教育、教学理论。

3、多反思自己，在反思中进步、在反思中感悟、在反思中成长、在反思中提升。

从技能和策略的运用上评价：

优点：注重了对学生的各种技能的培养和提高。比如：朗读技能的培养(放朗读带、进行指导);自主学习、合作学习的技能的培养;(问题由学生找、问题由学生解决、教师归纳)让学生收集有关背景资料、与课文有关的资料;(学生收集、教师补充)引导学生重点品味语言的能力;(学生讨论、教师总结)增强了对语言的感悟能力;比较阅读的能力等。这篇课文教学策略的运用也比较恰当合理。以诵读和探究式、自主讨论式为主，当然，我还会根据课堂的变化随时做出合理的调整，还充分利用现代教育技术手段，或打印、或投影、或放朗读带、或用多媒体中音频、视频、图片，在增加学生积累的同时，也教会学生积累的方法，从而提高学生阅读文言文的能力。发挥教师组织者、引导者的作用，放飞学生的思维，让它发挥最大的才能与创造力，为学生创设了良好的学习情境、以及和谐、融洽的课堂气氛。

新课程的一个重要理念就是为学生带给“做”数学的机会，本节课我充分体现了这一理念，以学生为主体，在民主和谐的氛围中，引导学生大胆猜想、思考验证，在探索实践中获取新知，主要特点有以下三个方面：

一、重联系生活实际，让学生在猜测质疑中明确学习目标。

本节课初始，我用“老师打电话，通知我班的40名学生这天带工具到学校栽花，打一个电话需要1分钟，你们猜猜老师一共用了多少分钟”这个生活中学生能经常接触到的事例让学生猜想，然后透过“只用6分钟”这个结果激起学生的学习兴趣，把学生带入学习数学的情境中。“想不想明白老师是怎样打电话的这节课我们来研究如何打电话才能节省时间的问题。”引发学生思考，激起学生的探究欲望，引入课题，明确学习目标。

二、重学习过程体验，在探究实践中落实目标。

合作探究时，在学生顺利完成“老师依次给15个学生打电话需要15分钟”这个方案后，我进一步激发学生探索欲望，“昨日老师用的是这种方法吗”激发学生寻找最优方案，从低层次的逐个通知到分组通知，从老师一人通知到一部分学生帮忙老师通知，最后到所有接到通知的学生都帮老师打电话。

学习目标呈现逐步递进的过程，并与学生的生活紧密地结合在一齐，自然的使学生进入创设的探究情境中。教学时，我还注重学生探究分析潜力的培养。当学生明确分组打电话，能够节省一部分时间，在学生自我验证后，我强调给40人打电话才用6分钟，学生明确老师不是用这种方法打的;进一步激发学生思考：怎样打电话才能更节省时间呢当学生提出让更多的人帮老师打电话能够更省时间，引导学生明确：要想更节省时间就就应让每一个接到通知的学生都帮老师打电话。整节课探究活动为学生带给了充分思考的空间，学生经历了猜想、实践、验证等学习数学的过程，充分发挥了学生的主体作用，学生的数学综合实践潜力得到了培养，让学生更好地体验了数学生活，提高了学生解决数学实际问题的潜力。

三、在实践应用中完成目标。

数学实践的最终目标是“构成数学潜力，解决生活中的实际问题”。这节课我在“应用规律解决问题”这一环节中设计了两个步骤，首先引导学生根据设计方案中的数据填表，填到“4分钟明白通知的共有16人”后，跳过5分钟，直接设疑提出“6分钟明白通知的一共有多少人”拓展了学生思考的空间，实现了思维跳跃。促使学生在独立思考与合作交流中，根据表中数据发现隐含的数学规律----“每增加一分钟扩大2倍”，同时解决了实际问题;最后透过“通知65人需要几分钟”这个训练，让学生运用规律解决生活中的数学问题，培养了学生逆向思维潜力。

对文中个别字的注释，本来是易掌握的，只要课上老师讲解，学生做笔记或参考文中的注解，再课下自习，完全可以自行解决。可是，学生根本不自觉学习，不注重文中的注解，没有很好地去理会，对知识的掌握就不牢固，离开了课本就无法给解释。今后应让学生自主学习，要求多看看文中所做的注解，首先弄懂个别字的注解，接下来是句子的翻译。教师可以在习题上让学生多练。

第一课时非常重要的环节就是梳理课文大意，文言文教学学生最感枯燥的往往是疏通文意环节，对于基础相对较弱的学生更甚。若老师指定学生翻译，要么哑口无言，要么不动脑筋拿着参考书照念;若以老师串讲为主，学生便无所事事，亦不愿主动记笔记。对于这一问题，在教学中，可以以小组为单位，结合课下注释翻译，然后各小组在质疑相关的字词句，教师加以点拨，设置此环节的目的就是充分调动学生学习积极性。最好要求把重点翻译的句子抄写，加深印象。如：①自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。②清荣峻茂，良多趣味。等…… 反思四、回答问题。本文从不同的季节对“三峡”雄奇险拔、清幽秀丽景象做了描写。

理会文章先写山，后写水，写水分，着重让学生体会“夏水暴涨，湍急”“春冬水落潭清，风景秀丽”“秋寒猿啸，气氛凄凉萧杀”的奇异景象;不同季节应多读成诵，只有多读才能理解深刻，光靠老师传授，没有多少个学生能记忆犹新，到复习时还是要依靠老师 。我觉得传授他们知识的同时更应该教会他们怎样去学习，只有对文言文有了学习上的眉目，才能产生兴趣，学习上也轻松，不至于很快忘却，复习时候甚是陌生，难度自然加大。教好学复好习和考好试密切相关，只要师生配合，把握好每一个环节，教和学都能达到效果。

1、课堂中运用多媒体手段激情引趣，以情感角度切入，激起学生的学习兴趣。“说”、“读”、“演”、“解”，将多种能力的训练渗透其中。 2、把自主权还给学生，给学生搭建一个锻炼自我、展示自我的舞台，解放其思想和个性，改变以接受为主的单一的学习方式，形成自主、合作、探究的学习方式，让他们在“学中乐”，在“乐中学”。

3、这篇课文思想深刻，主题的理解是多向的，要引导学生多角度，有创意地理解主题，有一定的难度。因此，除了自主探究，合作交流，还创设了一个与作品中与人物对话的活动。让学生进入文本，充分解读，或完成角色互换，直白内心。

不足之处：1、课堂秩序老师稍微把握不慎，会有点混乱。

2、对于自觉性差的同学，可能无法跟上节奏。因为没有预习。

3、扩展知识还不够。

文章通过对风筝事件的叙述和严肃的自我解剖，批判了那些受封建教育思想影响、无端压制子弟的父兄，抒发了因四周的寒威和冷气而形成的无可把握的悲哀，表达了对冷酷现实的极端憎恶和对春日的热烈憧憬。即文中有兄弟之情，有游戏之于儿童的意义，有鲁迅的自省精神，有鲁迅对小兄弟深受 “虐杀”却无怨恨的深沉感慨。

对于文章主旨的把握，一定要立足位于文本，透过学生最为熟悉的“故乡的春天”的温暖与北京严冬的肃杀的景色描写的对比、“风筝事件”中的动作个神态描写以及多年之后的“自责”“愧疚”等情感描写，根据学生的实际进行恰当解读。最好不要进行的那么深入，特别是不要借助各种参考资料，一股脑的堆砌在学生面前。

《风娃娃》是新课程语文第三册第四单元的第四篇课文。本单元教材是围绕“怎样看问题，想问题。”这个主题安排了一些给人启迪的成语和故事，让学生在阅读中识字，在阅读中感悟生活的哲理。

课文中的风娃娃是怎样的呢?欣赏一下课文的插图，你就会看到风娃娃是一个可爱的孩子，胖乎乎的脸、圆溜溜的大眼睛，仔细读课文觉得风娃娃其实就在孩子们的中间。他既可爱有时又有些可气。

教学课文时，我先让学生自读课文，找出课文中风娃娃做了哪些事情，通过阅读课文，学生能很快找出风娃娃做的事情有：吹风车、吹帆船、吹风筝、吹衣服、吹小树等。让学生整体的了解课文。接着又问：其中哪些是好的，哪些是不好的事情呢?这个问题也难不倒学生。

接着又请学生读课文，提出你在阅读时，哪些地方你不懂?学生提出了好多问题，“断断续续、纤夫、船帆是什么意思。”等问题。有些问题其他同学知道的，我就请其他同学来解答，有些比较难的，离现实生活比较远的问题，就由我来讲解。学生能自己提出问题，说明他在阅读时动了一翻脑筋，在原有的知识结构中寻找答案，但还是不明白。就好象让孩子摘桃子，没摘到，就差跳起来这一步。教师在这时助学生一臂之力，学生主动地听讲，记忆就非常深刻。

学习不能脱离实际生活，还应和生活相联系。风娃娃还做了哪些事，你知道吗?联系实际生活让学生来说说看。学生踊跃发言。风娃娃会给干活干得很累出汗的人们擦汗，带来凉爽;风娃娃会关窗，有时把玻璃也打碎;大风有时会把房子吹倒等。学生的想象力是丰富的，感情是细腻的，他们说出了风的许多好处和坏处。其实风娃娃一心想做好事，为什么会做坏事呢?我们小朋友中间是不是也有这样的情况呢?其实也有，你好心帮别人，人家不领情。不但不感谢你，反而埋怨你。你能举举其中的例子吗?通过事例，让学生明白其实你有时候也像风娃娃好心办了坏事，启发学生做事是不能一厢情愿，不能只从自己的角度出发，还要全面地考虑问题，从别人的角度来考虑问题，认真动脑，少做傻事，快快长大。

《赤壁》是杜牧咏史诗中的名篇，主要写了诗人漫步沙滩，偶然间捡到一只折断的铁戟，磨光洗净后认出了是三国时代的兵器，由此产生了“怀古之幽情”，对历史上的赤壁之战提出了自已的见解。

这首诗从表达方式上看，前两句属于记叙，后两句属于议论，作者在议论中还抒发了自己的情感。引导学生赏析“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔”两句诗既是本课的教学重点，也是一个难点。为了更好地引导学生理解这两句诗，我设计了这样两个问题：一是作者借“二乔”来象征什么?这样写的好处是什么?二是体会“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔”这两句话的意思，并说说抒发了作者怎样的感情，这两句又蕴含了怎样的哲理?我在讲解这两个问题的同时也是在教学生赏析诗句的方法——从表现手法、诗句内容、作者情感、蕴含的哲理等角度去赏析。只有让学生掌握一些学习方法，才有利于学生鉴赏水平的提高。

在诗歌教学中，教授学生赏析诗句的方法很重要，引导学生进行对比阅读也很重要。教师积极引导学生阅读类似题材、风格的诗歌能加深学生对所学诗歌的理解，也有利于学生知识的积累。课堂上讲完《赤壁》后，我在拓展环节引导学生阅读杜牧的另一首咏史名篇《题乌江亭》。这首诗与《赤壁》一样，都是议论战争成败之理的，都是对历史上已有结局的战争作了假设性的推想。我引导学生赏析两首诗的异同。在我的引导启发之下，学生基本能理解两首诗在内容上很相似，而蕴含的哲理是不一样的。

这堂课最大的不足是很多学生对作者的情感、蕴含的哲理并不能完全理解，这让我感到诗歌教学任重道远，学生还需要在老师指导下进行长期的学习和积累。

第三单元的语文可真应景!当秋天踩着落叶诗意地走进我的视野时，课文里也开始秋意飘飞。

南方的四季并不分明，可是—入秋，阳光的颜色都变了——变得金黄金黄，十分悦目，恩……像个和善的老头儿。在上班时，我时常闭上眼细心地聆听秋叶"唰啦啦"飘落的声音。没想到这一习惯竟不知不觉被学生学了去……

看来自然是最好的老师，窗外已有满眼秋色，又何须我苍白的语言……

下课了，还有许多孩子围着我讲秋天……突然，念小婷很认真地问我:"老师，秋天为什么不和我们玩儿一下再走呢"她大概还在想课上的那个"秋天为何匆匆而来，匆匆而去"的问题吧!我笑了一下说:"她已经和你玩过了。只不过你没注意……比如它呼地一下摸了你的脸，唰地一下又碰了你的耳朵。"小婷开心地笑了。

回到办公室，念小婷的话在我的脑中反复盘旋，挥之不去。"为何不和我说一下再走"她大概是没时间玩耍吧!我突然一下子理解了这个上课爱吹泡泡的女生。也许，下课了，放学了，她又要被推进作业的漩涡里，根本没有时间玩……

嘿!我的孩子们自己已经找到了良方。下课了，孩子们放下笔记本，来到走廊上，闭着眼，"哇我听到了风声!""我听到云跑步的声音。"

听着听着，我哈哈大笑起来……

今天，我上的是一篇略读课主，怎么算是略，很难把握。我觉得我还是领得很牢，设计上我是从课文的提示语出发，围绕商人丢失的骆驼有哪些特点?老人是怎么知道骆驼的这些特点的?这两个问题展开讨论。而这篇课文内容来讲非常清楚，语言上以对话为主，文章前半部分不急着讲老人是根据什么知道骆驼特点的，而是写老人十分详细描述骆驼特点，让人产生阅读的欲望。

通过多种形式的朗读来达到读正确、读流利的目的。以老师的示范和指导来读出人物的证据，商人的关键、高兴、生气抓关键词语自读感悟，划一划等方式找出骆驼的特点以及老如何知道这些物点的原因，分析板书进行引导。

随机指导字音，作为略读课文，没有字词上的具体要求，根据学生学习过程中的问题来指正，词语的一些意思通过像演一演、找近义词、换词的方法来理解。

课文的朗读以自读、同桌合作、齐读这几种朗读方式进行。

教学后有几个地方觉得另有想法。

初读完课文没有全部将学生的问题解答，对于课文的整体把握存在问题。直接提出问题讲骆驼的特点前后联系不大，或者产生另外的思路与想法。

谁找骆驼——找到了吗——怎么样找的。

谁找骆驼——为什么找骆驼——骆驼的样子——怎样找-结果，当学生的回答与自己的预设存在偏差，我要如何不慌不忙的引导。

今天从问题角度来说，回答的面还是比较广的，回答的质量也可以，回答的指导上我也尽量使他完整回答，对说好话，写好文，有一定的帮助。

评价语上一开始比较有把握，但慢慢走到后面就不知如何是好。

思绪有点乱，还要好好整理与思考。

在本课教学中，齐齐乐互动软件的使用提高了学生的兴趣，按点的设计有所创新。但在实际课堂中，感觉自己对学生的预设还不够到位，致使对学生的反馈不够及时甚至有所忽略，特别是在学生在段落中抓关键词体会人与象的亲密与和谐时，引导与体会还不够深入，造成学生朗读没有显著提高。

在课堂上，我也尝试授以学生方法：透过课文中很突出的先概括后具体的方法，以及全文大量关键词语、句子等表达出作者对大象的喜爱，展现人象共处的和谐景象。但这些方法的渗透总显得呆板、生硬。以至整节略读课上仅有写法的牵引，而没有学生的自主实践和运用过程。

“激发自主学习的动机——渗透自主学习的方法——养成自主学习的习惯”这应是略读课上教师为培养学生读书能力所追寻的途径。而阅读与写作的有机联系与渗透在课文教学中没有完全贯彻始终，这不能不说是种遗憾。

大家好!欢迎大家游览江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼。今天就由我这个超级导游来给介绍岳阳楼。我叫罗甘泉，大家叫我罗导、小罗都可以。

岳阳楼坐落在洞庭湖岸上，风景优美，历史悠久。宋朝的范促淹曾写过《岳阳楼记》来赞美岳阳楼。

岳阳楼高21.35米，为四柱，三层，纯木结构，没有一块砖头。每层的檐面有四条脊，第一层脊上饰以荷花、莲蓬，翘首为凤凰;第二层为昂首的龙头;第三层饰以卷草，翘首为回纹形如意祥云。岳阳楼的楼顶，特别像古代将军的头盔，称作盔顶，由于盔顶在中国古代建筑中极为少见，才使盔顶让岳阳楼成为名的重要因素之一。整个岳阳楼在美学、建筑学、工艺学上都有惊人的成就，因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

其实，岳阳楼真正名扬天下的时候是在范促淹写了《岳阳楼记》后。庆历四年，滕子京因遭人诬害被贬为岳州知府，他一上任就做了三件大事，第一，修建偃虹堤，以防御洞庭湖的波涛;第二，兴办郡学，造就人才;第三，重修岳阳楼。重修后的岳阳楼规模非常雄伟，但当时的滕子京知道，光靠气势雄伟是不够的，滕子京立刻想到与自己同中举进士的范仲淹，范促淹和滕子京一样，也是因为遭人诬灭，被贬为邓州知府。滕子令人画了一幅《洞庭秋晚图》，写了一封《求记书》介绍岳阳楼的气势和结构。范仲淹看了以后，经过精心构思，终于写出了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》，其中“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”成为转世名句，启迪一代又一代的后人要奋发图强。

好了，大家现在可以进楼了。各位游客，这里首先看见的就是《岳阳楼记》，它由12块紫檀木组成的。据说滕子京当年收到《岳阳楼记》后喜出望外，立刻请当时的大书法家苏舜钦书写，并请著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾。于是，“楼、记、书法、雕刻”全称四绝。只可惜我们现在所见不是“四绝匾“，它早在宋神宗年间便已毁于大火之中。这们这里的《岳阳楼记》是清朝乾隆年间的大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。

我就介绍到这里了，给大家十五分钟时间，大家可以拍照留念。

各位游客大家好，欢迎到江南三大名楼之一的“岳阳楼”参观游览。

岳阳楼是国家重点文物保护单位，首批4A级旅游区。岳阳楼景观特色可以概括为四个方面。一是历史悠久，岳阳楼的前身为鲁肃修建的阅军楼，始建于东汉建安十九年(公元220xx年)，唐肃宗乾元二年(公元759年〉开始被称为岳阳楼，在江南三大名楼中岳阳楼的历史最悠久。二是风景独特，岳阳楼胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。“巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖，衔远山，吞长江，浩浩荡荡，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万干。”

三是它的文化深厚。《岳阳楼诗文集》收录干余篇名篇佳作及大量的楹联匾屏和书画碑刻，大多数都贯穿着中华民族的“忧患意识”。比如杜甫的《登岳阳楼》其忧国忧民之情溢于言表，范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》更是将这个优秀传统发展到了巅峰。“不以物喜，不以己悲”的处世哲理，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的忧患意识，融汇的精神使当时苏东坡发出了“虽圣人复起不易斯言”的感慨。四是它的文物珍贵。江南三大名楼中，惟有岳阳楼是保持原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物。

现在大家所见到的岳阳楼为纯木结构，1983年按“整旧如旧”的原则落架大修而成，全楼没用一块砖石，没有一颗铁钉，全部用木料构成，门缝对榫，工艺十分精巧。

好，朋友们，现在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。横匾上“岳阳楼”三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现已编入《中国名匾》一书。大家请看整个大楼由四根楠木大柱支撑。自楼底直贯楼顶，再以12根金柱为内圈，支撑二楼，周围则绕以20根木柱，彼此牵制门缝对榫，连结为整体。岳阳搂三层三檐，盔顶式木结构，盖黄色琉璃瓦。盔顶是岳阳楼建筑的突出特色，大家请看，它形似古代将军的头盔，威武雄壮，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感。

大家再看盔顶下的如意斗拱，它形似窝蜂，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头、云头纹饰，既承托盔顶重力，又使整个建筑更为精美、应重、和谐。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有惊人的成就。

进人主楼，首先映人眼帘的是大家神驰已久的这副《岳阳楼记》的雕屏，这部雕屏由12块紫檀木组成。岳阳楼开始真正名扬天下，是在北宋滕子京重修岳阳楼、范仲淹作《岳阳楼记》以后。庆历四年，滕子京被贬为岳州知府，他上任后便重修岳阳楼，并请好友范仲淹写下千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。这篇文章全文虽然仅368个字，但是内容博大。哲理精深，气势磅礴，语言铿锵，成为千古绝唱。而“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”则成为传世名句，成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀。《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力，流传干古而不朽。滋养着人们的心灵。

一楼所悬挂的是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。我们现在登上的是岳阳楼的顶层三楼，站在这，凭窗远眺，可领略到“衔远山，吞长江”的磅礴气势，欣赏“朝晖夕阴，气象万千”的湖光山色。大家可以看到洞庭湖水天相接，浑成一色，清风朗月，无边无际，山色湖光荟萃一楼时，得到的感觉不正是“水天一色。风月无边”吗?

中间是毛泽东手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》的条屏,你看它布局严谨，笔意奔放，铁画银钩，雄健挺拔，深得怀素狂草遗风，且又自成一格。这是一件难得的艺术珍品,悬挂于此，使岳阳楼更是锦上添花。

岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里，欢迎大家再到这来，谢谢大家!

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.Today, I will introduce Yueyang Tower to you as a super tour guide. My name isLuo Ganquan. You can call me Luo Dao or Xiao Luo.

Yueyang Tower is located on the Bank of Dongting Lake with beautifulscenery and long history. Fan Cuyan of Song Dynasty once wrote Yueyang Tower topraise Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns and three floors. Itis a pure wood structure without a brick. There are four ridges on the eaves ofeach layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus pods, andthe head up is Phoenix; the second layer is the head up tap; the third layer isdecorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen Ruyi Xiangyun. The roofof Yueyang Tower, especially the helmet of ancient generals, is called helmettop. Because helmet top is very rare in ancient Chinese architecture, it is oneof the important factors that makes Yueyang Tower famous. The whole YueyangTower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, architecture and technology,so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang World Tower" since ancienttimes.

In fact, Yueyang Tower is really famous in the world when fan Cuyan wroteYueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted tobe the magistrate of Yuezhou for being framed. As soon as he took office, he didthree major things: first, he built Yanhong dike to prevent the waves ofDongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivate talents; third, herebuilt Yueyang Tower. The scale of the rebuilt Yueyang Tower was verymagnificent, but Teng Zijing knew that it was not enough to rely on its grandeuralone. Teng Zijing immediately thought of Fan Zhongyan, who was the same as TengZijing. Fan Cuyan, like Teng Zijing, was demoted as the magistrate of Dengzhoubecause he was framed. Teng Ziren drew a picture of the autumn evening inDongting and wrote a letter of Qiuji to introduce the momentum and structure ofYueyang Tower. After reading it, Fan Zhongyan finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower, in which "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"has become a famous sentence of reincarnation, inspiring generations of futuregenerations to work hard.

All right, everybody can go into the building now. Ladies and gentlemen,the first thing you can see here is Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12pieces of red sandalwood. It is said that Teng Zijing was overjoyed when hereceived Yueyang Tower. He immediately asked Su Shunqin, the great calligrapherat that time, to write it and Shao song, the famous sculptor, to carve it on awooden plaque. As a result, "Lou, Ji, calligraphy, sculpture" is known as thefour unique. Its a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaque".It was destroyed in the fire as early as the reign of emperor Shenzong of theSong Dynasty. The Yueyang Tower here was written by Zhang Zhao, a greatcalligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in the Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty.

Thats all for me. Ill give you 15 minutes to take photos.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you

Dear tourists

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings inJiangnan.

Now standing in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characterhorizontal plaque of "Yueyang Tower" hanging on the top of the building wasproposed by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1961 and asked to be inscribed by Mr. LiMoruo. Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns, three floors,cornice, helmet top and pure wood structure. In the middle, the big nanmu columncarries most of the gravity from the ground to the top, and then 12 "goldcolumns" are used as the inner wall to support the second floor. Around theperiphery, 20 eaves columns are used to restrain each other and form a whole.The cornices and the roof use umbrella shaped frame to transfer the load. Thethird floor is lined with Ruyi Dou arches, which support the roof. There is nota single brick in the whole building. All of them are made of wood. The doorjoints and tenons are made of strict structure, exquisite workmanship and solemnmodeling. Eaves and roof, are covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are fourridges on the eaves of each layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus andlotus pods, and the head up is Phoenix; the second one is the head up tap; thethird one is decorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen RuyiXiangyun. The whole pavilion has double eaves, locked windows, carved beams andpainted buildings, red pillars and colorful couplets, which are resplendent andmagnificent. In particular, the top of the third floor is very similar to thehelmet of an ancient general, which is called the helmet top, which is quiterare in the ancient architecture of this country. The whole Yueyang Tower hasmade amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology,so it has been known as "Yueyang World Tower" since ancient times.

You cant help but ask, since its a famous building in the world, why onlythree floors were built? Its said that the builders at that time chose thetime, the location and the harmony of people. The predecessor of Yueyang Toweris Yuejun tower of Lu Su, a general of the Three Kingdoms. More than 1700 yearsago, in the 20th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to competewith Liu Wu for Jingzhou, Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty sent Lu Su to leadten thousand soldiers to garrison the strategic area of Bachu, which is todayYueyang. Lu Su practiced the water army in Dongting Lake, built a strong city inthe west of the city near the mountains and rivers, and built the Yuejun towerto command and inspect the water army, which is the predecessor of YueyangTower. During the Tang Dynasty, Yuejun building was expanded, which basicallyhad the original architectural art and historical style. Now, please follow meinto yuelou.

Dear tourists, the first thing that catches our eyes here is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. As wesaid earlier, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty.During this period, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talentedcelebrities, or uninhibited emigrants came one after another. They went up tothe building to look into the distance, went boating in Dongting, and workedhard to write.

However, Yueyang Tower was really famous in the world after Teng Zijingrebuilt it in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. Inthe fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing, who was falsely accused, wasdemoted to be the magistrate of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organizedthree major events: first, he built Yanhong dike under Yueyang Tower Lake toprevent the waves of Dongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivatetalents; third, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower. The rebuilt Yueyang Tower ismagnificent in scale. Teng Zijing is a man of both culture and martial arts. Hethinks that "Louguan is not a reporter for a long time without words.". Such apavilion, you must have a title record, in order to be immortal. So he thoughtof Fan Zhongyan, a good friend of his own. Then he wrote a Book of Qiuji, whichintroduced the structure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after repair, poured outhis eagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record, and asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which transcribed the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by celebrities of all dynasties, and sent them toDengzhou, Henan Province, where Fan Zhongyan was demoted at that time. FanZhongyan is a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Teng Zijing, he was rejected and attacked for advocatinginnovation politics and was demoted to Dengzhou. After receiving Teng Zijingsletter, he read it again and again, conceived it carefully, and finally wrotethe famous story of Yueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article isonly 368 words, it is broad in content, profound in philosophy, majestic inmomentum, and sonorous in language. Among them, "first worry about the world,then enjoy the world" has become a famous sentence handed down from generationto generation. As a matter of fact, the reason why Yueyang Tower can be praisedin the past dynasties is that it skillfully and vividly integrates a majorideological proposition into the description of beautiful scenery. It enlightenspeople: "dont be happy with things, dont be sad", and shows the loftyphilosophy of life that "worry about the world first, and enjoy the worldlater". The authors noble sentiment and broad mind can not help but make peoplesigh. It inspires people from generation to generation to think about life,honor and disgrace, and know their mission. As an accumulation of the noblepersonality culture of the excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation, thestory of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm,has been handed down for thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peopleshearts. Since then, Yueyang Towers fame has been greatly publicized both athome and abroad. This is what people call "the text is preserved by thebuilding, and the building is named by the text". It is said that Teng Zijingwas overjoyed when he received Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower. He immediatelyasked Su Shunqin, a great calligrapher, to write it and Shao song, a famoussculptor, to carve it on a wooden plaque. As a result, Lou, Ji, calligraphy andsculpture are all called "four wonders". Unfortunately, what we see now is notthe "four unique plaque". It was destroyed in the fire in the Shenzong period ofthe Song Dynasty. The carving screen we see is written by Zhang Zhao, a famouscalligrapher and Minister of punishment in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.

Now, lets pay attention to the four big nanmu pillars in the first floor.The four columns run from the bottom of the building to the top of the building,supporting the whole weight of the building. Then, 12 columns replace the innerring to support the second floor. Around 20 wooden columns, they restrain eachothers bolt joints and tenons, forming a whole. The whole Yueyang Tower is ofpure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. You can also see that on thefour walls of the building, there are many pairs of wooden plaques, which arecouplets of Yueyang Tower chanted by ancient and modern masters. The couplethanging in the middle of the hall was written by he Shaoji, a great calligrapherin the Qing Dynasty. It is the longest couplet in Yueyang Tower. This coupletis:

On the first floor, whats strange? Du Shaolings five charactermasterpiece, fan Xiwens two words about love, Teng Zijings all kinds of waste,and LV Chunyangs three times will make him drunk. Shiye? Ruye? Liye? Xianye? Noancients before, which makes me sad.

Please have a look: Dongting, jixiaoting, Hunan, the Yangtze River to thenorth of wuxia, baling to the west of laishuangqi, Yuezhou to the east ofYanjiang. He who keeps _, who flows, who stands, is the town. There is a realmeaning in it. Who can understand it.

The first couplet starts with "whats strange on the first floor", whichlists the achievements and traditions of poets, famous Confucians, virtuousofficials and wine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authorsregret for the past and the present; the second couplet introduces the famousmountains, Dachuan, Xiongguan and dangerous towns of baling. If you write downthis couplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

(on the second floor of Yueyang Tower)

As soon as we came to the second floor, we immediately found that a carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower was also hung on the second floor. Why? There is a realstory in it. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, a magistratesurnamed Wu came to Yueyang. As soon as he took office, he took a fancy to thescreen carving of Yueyang Tower. He bribed a folk art sculptor with a large sumof money. He spent 17 months carefully copying and secretly copying the screencarving. Two years later, taking advantage of the opportunity of beingtransferred from Yueyang Tower, Wuzhi county took advantage of the opportunityto steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy night with thecarved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. I didnt expect that soon after theboat was sailing, the wind and rain were so strong that the boat was overturnedin the jiumazui section of Dongting Lake. The carved screen also drifted withthe waves. Because it was made of red sandalwood, it all sank into the water.Later, the lake was dry and shallow, and the original carving screen of YueyangTower was salvaged by local fishermen. During salvage, the word "Gehu" on theeighth screen and the word "Le" on the tenth screen were damaged. After hearingthe news, Wu Minshu, a local scholar, bought back the carved screen from thefishermen with 120 grain silver. It took three years to copy Zhang Zhaoshandwriting before he added the damaged three words. As you can see, there areobvious mending marks on the carving screen. Nearly 120__ later, when theYueyang Tower was renovated again, local officials used 120 pieces of ocean toredeem the screen from the descendants of the Wu family and hang it on thesecond floor of the Yueyang Tower. As for the one on the first floor, althoughit is a fake, it has a history of 120__ years. Of course, it is a culturalrelic. Two sets of carved screens, one true and one false, are just like a listof merits and demerits, revealing to future generations, which is worthpondering.

(upper third floor)

Now we are on the third floor of Yueyang Tower. In the middle of the hall,there is a woodcut screen of Chairman Mao Zedongs poem "climbing Yueyang Tower"written by Du Fu. Dus poem reads: "once I heard the Dongting water, now I amgoing to Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth floatday and night. There is no certainty between relatives and friends. The armypasses the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow His calligraphystyle is bold and unrestrained, rigorous layout, vigorous and straight, and hasboth form and spirit. His brush strokes are similar to those of wild grass ofhuaisu in Tang Dynasty. This is an impromptu book written by Chairman Mao on thetrain in the autumn of 1964 when he returned to Beijing by train from Changshaand passed by Yueyang. On both sides of the screen, there is the shortestcouplet of Yueyang Tower, only eight characters. The first couplet is "the samecolor of water and sky", and the second couplet is "boundless wind and moon".Signed as "Chang Geng Li Bai". When we stand on the third floor and look outfrom the window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are in thesame color. When the wind is clear and the moon is boundless, and the mountainsand lakes gather in the building, can we get the feeling that "the water and thesky are in the same color, and the wind and the moon are boundless"? Finally,please look up at the roof again. The color of the roof is rich in national andlocal characteristics. The Ruyi Dougong is stacked against each other. It bearsthe load. The arch supports the roof and uses the umbrella frame to carry theload. Like the helmet top structure, it is also rare in our existing ancientbuildings.

In order to deepen the connotation of the famous building and enrich thecontent of the scenic spot, Yueyang Tower is speeding up the construction of thescenic spot and has made plans. Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Towerto you. Welcome to Yueyang next time. I wish you a pleasant journey and apleasant journey!

各位游客： 大家好，欢迎到江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼参观游览。岳阳楼是国家重点文物保护单位，首批国家4A级旅游区。岳阳楼的景观特色可以概括为四个方面：

一是历史悠久。 岳阳楼的前身为鲁肃修建的阅军楼，始建于东汉建安十九年(即公元 214 年),距今已有 1700 多年历史，在江南三大名楼中岳阳楼的历史最为悠久。西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼” ，初唐时称为“南楼”，中唐李白赋诗之后，始称“岳阳楼” 。现在我们所看到的呢，是清朝光绪年间的岳阳楼。 二是风景独特。岳阳楼胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。正如范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》所描写的“巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖，衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千。”(值得一提的是20xx年端午节岳阳市民按岳阳楼真实景观的5:1的比例缩制，用5.5万个粽子在南湖广场搭成了岳阳楼模型，并成功入选了吉尼斯世界纪录。可谓轰动一时。)

三是他的文化深厚。《岳阳楼诗文集》收录了千余篇名篇佳作及大量的楹联匾屏和书画碑刻，大多数都贯穿着中华民族的“忧患意识”。比如杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，其忧国忧民之情，溢于言表。范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》更是将这个优秀的传统发挥到了巅峰。“不以物喜，不以己悲”的处世哲理，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的忧患意识，融汇的精神使当时苏东坡发出了“虽圣人复起不易斯言”的感慨。

四、是岳阳楼的文物珍贵。江南三大名楼中，唯有岳阳楼是保持原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物。现在大家所见到的岳阳楼为纯木结构，1983 年按“整旧如旧”的原则落架大修而成。全楼没用一块砖石，没有一颗铁钉，全部用木料构成，门缝对榫(sun)，工艺十分精巧。

好，朋友们，现在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。横匾上 “岳阳楼”三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现已编入《中国名匾》一书。大家请看，整个大楼由四根楠木大柱支撑，自楼底直贯楼顶，再以十二根金柱为内圈，支撑二楼，周围则绕以 20 根木柱，彼此牵制，门缝对隼，连结为整体。岳阳楼三层三檐，盔顶式木结构，盖黄色琉璃瓦。盔顶是岳阳楼建筑的突出特色，大家请看它形似古代将军的头盔据说盔顶得设计也是为了纪念岳阳楼的创建者鲁肃将军，我们从这里望去它威武雄壮，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感。大家再看盔顶下的如意斗拱，它形似蜂窝，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头，云头文饰，既承托盔顶重力，又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有着惊人的成就。(值得一提的是我们现在所处的位置是20xx年北京奥运圣火在岳阳站也是湖南省传递的首站，由著名科学家——“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平先生执棒。)

进入主楼，首先映入眼帘的是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏，岳阳楼开始真正名扬天下是在北宋藤子京重修岳阳楼，范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》 以后。自此岳阳楼的名声大震，传扬中外，这就是人们所说的“文以楼存，楼以文名”。我们所见到的这幅雕屏由 12 块紫檀木组成。是清代乾隆年间张照书写的。张照是何许人也，等我们上了二楼再为大家揭晓。这篇文章全文虽然仅 368 个字，但是内容博大、哲理精深，而“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”则更成为传世名句。大家都知道《岳阳楼记》雕屏属于国家级文物，不可能拿来交易，但也

有人对其进行了市场估价，说它价值3000万元，姑且不论它合理否由此我们也可以窥见整个岳阳楼价值之高，所以大家一定要珍惜见识国宝的机会深刻认识它的价值呀!现在我们往四周看，在楼的四壁，悬挂着许多木刻匾对，这些都是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。 挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联，是清代大书法家何绍基写的，也是岳阳楼最长的一副。

我们现在登上的是岳阳楼的顶层三楼，我们先来看下雕屏两侧挂有岳阳楼最短的一副对联，仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”，下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。我们都知道李白一生作诗无数，但是对联就只有这一幅。站在这儿凭窗远眺，得到的感觉不正是 “水天一色，风月无边”吗?中间就是毛泽东手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》的条屏，你看它布局严谨，笔意奔放，铁画银钩，雄健挺拔，深得唐代怀素狂草遗风，且又自成一格。这是一件难得的艺术珍品，悬挂于此，使得岳阳楼更是锦上添花。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里了，欢迎大家下次再到岳阳来。谢谢大家!

桃花源

各位游客，大家好，欢迎来桃花源旅游观光! 因为东晋诗人陶渊明先生的《桃花源记》使桃花源名扬天下。千百年来，桃花源以其幽静秀美的独特风貌，吸引了无数慕名而来的游客。

现在登上的这座桥，叫“穷林桥”，以《桃花源记》“欲穷其林”而命名。传说当年武陵渔郎沿溪而行，置身于一片桃花林中十分惊讶。

眼前这座精美的建筑物就是菊圃，建于明万历年间，原为渊明祠，因陶渊明爱菊，于是改名菊圃。门口有副对联：“却怪武陵渔，自洞口归来，把今古游人忙煞;欲寻彭泽令，问田园安在，惟桃花流水依然。”是说当年武陵渔人，从世外桃源出来以后，把人间仙境透露出去，引来了古往今来的游人想找陶渊明先生问良田美景究竟在哪里，只有桃花流水千古不变。

走进菊圃大门，正中是一块石刻，后面是《饮酒》诗，“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”。这栋古朴典雅的建筑就是渊明祠。正门廊柱上，挂着一副概括了陶公秉性的楹联：“心爱菊，睥睨荣华，难为斗米折腰，辞去彭泽县令;性嗜酒，不汲富贵，甘愿南山种豆，归来五柳先生。”这幅对联写出了陶渊明心爱菊花，厌恶荣华，不愿为五斗米折腰，辞去彭泽县令;他特别喜欢喝酒，从不追求富贵，心甘情愿归隐田园，种豆南山，好个五柳先生啊!渊明祠正中，供有汉白玉雕刻的渊明像，右边是他自传体铭文《五柳先生传》。这30多幅画，以历代名家所写陶渊明为依据，介绍陶渊明这个伟大诗人61个春秋的人生旅途，他五次出仕为官，五次归隐田园，不为五斗米折腰，41岁辞去彭泽县令后，乐道清贫，安居田园，终老一生。

这里是方竹亭，原名“桃川八方亭”，建于明万历二十三年(公元1595年)，为八方三门四窗砖石结构。亭子旁边的方竹为桃花源珍品之一，亭子也因此而得名。1995年，游览到这里，抚摸方竹后，连声说：“还真是方的呢!”

踏着古朴的石板小径，我们来到了“秦人古洞”。现在尽收眼底的这些房屋，古香古色，都是村民的住宅，他们世世代代在这块乐土上，繁衍生息。有趣的是，这里许多人家都姓秦，大概是为“避秦时乱”，就以朝代为姓吧。他们非常好客，“每逢客至，必设酒杀鸡作食”，并“咸来问讯”。

沿齐整而古朴的石级下行，首先到达秦人居。秦人居为秦代建筑样式，古窗幽壁，雕梁画栋，飞檐斗角，室内陈设极富先秦风味，室外田园桑竹，古意苍茫。

走出秦人居，便是竹廊。竹廊全用竹子精工做成，廊亭相连，结构精巧，造型奇特。远观蛇行龙腾，气势非凡。

不知不觉，来到公议堂，这公议堂为回廊穿斗式木构古典建筑，传为秦人所建，内有院坪、戏台和鱼池。公议堂是秦人议事之处，凡祭祀、婚丧、营造等大事，均在此处理。

好了，我的讲解就到这里了，如有不足之处请多提宝贵意见!

岳阳楼坐西朝东，构造古朴独特，

岳阳楼的各种图片(22张)

岳阳楼台基以花岗岩围砌而成，台基宽度17.24米，进14.54米，高度为0.65米。岳阳楼高度19米，在建筑风格上，前人将其归纳为木制、三层、四柱、飞檐、斗拱、盔顶。岳阳楼是纯本结构，整座建筑没用一钉一铆，仅靠木制构件的彼此勾连。

“四柱”指的是岳阳楼的基本构架，首先承重的主柱是四根楠木，被称为“通天柱”从一楼直抵三楼。除四根通天柱外，其余的柱子都是四的倍数。其中廊柱有12根;檐柱是32根。这些木柱彼此牵制，结为整体，既增加了楼的美感，又使整个建筑更加坚固。

斗拱是中国建筑中特有的结构，由于古代中国建筑中房檐挑出很长，斗拱的基本功能就是对挑出的屋檐进行承托。这种方木块叫做“斗”，托着斗的木条叫做“拱”，二者合称斗拱。岳阳楼的斗拱结构复杂，工艺精美，几非人力所能为，当地人传说是鲁班亲手制造的。斗拱承托的就是岳阳楼的飞檐，岳阳楼三层建筑均有飞檐。

岳阳楼的楼顶为层叠相衬的“如意斗拱”托举而成的盔顶式，这种拱而复翘的古代将军头盔式的顶式结构在古代中国建筑史上是独一无二的。这顶就是岳阳楼最突出的特点——盔顶结构。据考证，岳阳楼是中国仅存的盔顶结构的古建筑。

岳阳楼采用纯木结构，其造型因露明的木梁柱、构件、装修具有线条优美的表现力，显示出中国古建筑的独特的民族风格。

通过这首诗歌的教学，收获良多。

一、课堂教学的时间很宝贵，教师要争取把力用在刀刃上。我的设想是让学生在有限的课堂时间，尽量多读，并达到当堂背诵的目的。在学生在读中学，读中思，以读带学，课堂实践证明，这样的教学思路是正确的。

二、让学生多思考，主动学习。

在教学中，老师多提问，少讲解，让学生在思考中学会分析问题，总结问题。所以我设计了很多思考题目，目的就是引导学生主动思考和学习。

三、课后作业既紧扣课文，又让学生的思维得以拓展。

布置的扩写题目，老师可以示范性的先写开头，以达到开拓学生思维的效果。

首先说说开课。俗话说：良好的开端是成功的一半。为了让学生较快的进入课堂学习，配合老师的教学工作，达到良好的教学效果，所以，开课很重要。为了达到这个目的，我采用故事激趣导入，一方面吸引学生学习的兴趣，另一方面为学习课文打下铺垫。在教学中，我采用和学生比赛讲故事的方式，提高学生学习积极性，同时也让学生初步知道什么叫做评价，并用老师教会的方法来展开下面的学习。

接着说说课文学习。有了前面的铺垫，学生通过和老师讲故事比赛，不仅训练了语言表述能力，同时也把课文通读了一遍，并加上了自己的理解。通过回忆课文主人公，对这些人物进行正确的评价，朗读评价这些人物品质的语句，这样做目的有：让学生学会抓住课文中的重点词句理解课文内容，培养学习能力。对人物进行评价的时候，既训练了学生语言表达能力，思维能力，用“老师引路”教会学生怎样进行评价，培养学生树立正确的人生观，价值观。可谓是一举多得。

再说说“收课”。为了让学生知道《九色鹿》相关的知识，我在课文讲解结束的时候，告诉学生这个美丽的神话故事的来源，并激发学生热爱祖国，热爱祖国灿烂文化的情感。

我们不得不承认在很多时候老师低估了学生的潜力，固而不给学生尝试的机会。学生潜在的创新思维就被我们这种“好心”给抹杀了。“说内容”给学生自由，给学生空间，给学生期待。让学生畅所欲言在自主活动中感受成功，收获惊喜。

从“谈方法”可以看出，学生的思维被激活了，教师到位而又不越位的点拨示范，打开了学生思维的闸门，让学生找到了感觉，尝到了好滋味。

交谈的形式，真正实现了新课标提倡的与文本对话与作者对话能开启学生的心灵，放飞学生的情愫，使学生茅塞顿开，豁然开朗，自然收到好的效果。但老师的适时点拨示范也是必不可少的。