颐和园

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎你们到北京颐和园来游玩，我是颐和园旅游公司的导游，大家可以称我为“小吴”，非常荣幸能为大家提供服务，希望在我的陪伴下，能让您度过愉快的一天，也让你您真正感受到颐和园这座皇家园林的魅力。

颐和园位于北京西郊，原为封建帝王的行宫花园。原来的名字叫好山园。清乾隆时改为清漪园。1860年被英法联军所毁。1888年慈禧太后挪用军费重建，改名颐和园。颐和园总面积290万平方米，拥有宫殿园林建筑3000余间，湖水面积约占四分之三。园中景象万千。万寿山丛林葱郁，昆明湖碧水荡漾，构成一幅美丽的皇家园林画卷，是世界著名的旅游胜地。

各位团友们，小陈在这儿提醒大家不要在城墙上乱涂乱画，不要随手乱丢垃圾。请保管好自己的重要物品，带好自己的小孩子。

我先带大家去长廊游玩。进了颐和园的大门，绕过大殿，就来到有名的长廊。长廊长728米，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、动物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊两旁栽满了花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种花又开了。其中人物故事画最引人注目。那就请游客们细细观赏吧!

穿过长廊，就来到万寿山脚下，万寿山地处颐和园的中心部位。南临昆明湖。山上建有佛香阁、排云殿等，山上树木葱浓，宫殿金碧辉煌，是宫庭功能、宗教功能、园林功能的集中体现。这里建筑宏伟，风景秀丽，充分展示了皇宫御苑的皇家气派。你们知道吗，佛香阁是慈禧太后敬香拜佛的地方，排云殿是专为慈禧太后举行寿庆活动的场所，慈禧太后把自己比成排云而出的神仙，希望自己能够长生不老。各位游客不妨亲自登山，既锻炼了身体，又能沿途欣赏好风景。

接下来我向大家介绍昆明湖。昆明湖面积约200多万平方米。湖边围着长长的堤岸，湖沿有石舫，湖上有好几座式样不同的石桥，其中十七孔桥最引人注目，桥上有上百根石柱，石柱上都刻着各种各样、天然成趣的数百只狮子。十七孔桥东头湖岸上矗立着一座全国最大的八角亭，附近蹲卧着一座如真牛一样大小的铸造精美的铜牛。

这里的美景真是说也说不尽，道也道不完，用“举世无双，独一无二”来形容她一点也不过分，她就像一颗璀璨的明珠，她的大气，她的精致，她浓郁的人文底蕴深深地吸引着中外游客。小吴我真诚地希望您能在这得到美的享受，祝您玩得开心，游得尽兴。

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎你们来到颐和园，我是你们的导游，希望我们可以一起度过一段美好的时光。我先自我介绍一下，我叫，大家可以叫我小*。

颐和园，位于北京西北郊，原是清代的皇家园林和行宫。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，占地290.8公顷，其中水面占地四分之三。清朝乾隆皇帝诗曰“何处燕山最畅怀，无双风月属昆明”来赞美昆明湖。颐和园的构思之巧妙，建筑之精致，集我国园林艺术之大成，有“皇家园林博物馆”之称。

我们现在来到的是颐和园的长廊。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，分别画着人物、风景和动植物，几千幅画，没有哪两幅是相同的。

请到这边来，这就是万寿山。看，立在半山腰上的八角宝塔形的三层建筑，那就是佛香阁，黄色的琉璃瓦还在闪闪发光呢!下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

大家小心上山。现在我们到了佛香阁了，从这里向下看，那葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的城墙。现在大家向正前方看，昆明湖静的多像一面镜子，绿的多像一块碧玉呀!游船、画舫在湖面上慢慢滑过，几乎一点痕迹都不留。大家再向东远眺，是不是隐隐约约可以望见几座城楼和城外的白塔呢?

现在我们就来到昆明湖了。大家看那座横跨湖上的石桥，桥上有十七个桥洞，所以叫十七孔桥;桥栏上的石柱有几百根，大家有兴趣的话可以数数，每根柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，栩栩如生，活灵活现。

游客们，今天我们游玩了美丽的颐和园，明天我们会再继续游览下一个景点，明天见。

游客们，大家好，欢迎来到世界文化遗产——颐和园。很高兴成为大家的导游!我叫谢镕亦，大家叫我谢导好了。

游客们，现在的颐和园是很漂亮，可是有没有人知道它的历史故事?那么让我来说说吧!

颐和园的前身是清漪园，清漪园在咸丰十年(1860年)被英法联军焚毁，光绪十四年(1888年)慈禧太后重建该园，但将“清漪园”改为现在的“颐和园”

然后，该介绍一下这里的景点啦!

我们先来看颐和园的长廊，它长728米，有273间，每间的横槛上都有画，画着人物、花草、风景。上面的几千幅画，没有哪两幅是相同的。

不说不知道，一说吓一跳。可能你们没有想到，居然颐和园的4/3都被昆明湖“占为己有”。湖中无岛不要紧，可湖中偏偏有岛。用什么到岛上去呢?当然用桥了!那就是颐和园的十七孔桥，顾名思义，当然就是有十七个桥孔的桥啦!十七孔桥上面雕刻着狮子，每一只狮子神态各异，各不相同。

讲了这么多，你们是不是已经有些迫不及待了呢?啊?!超级迫不及待了!那么现在呢，就可以去颐和园的景点拍照、游玩了。

顺便提醒一下，大家在游玩的时候不要乱扔垃圾，也不要在文物古迹上乱涂乱画，更不要到危险的地方去。

最后，祝大家玩得愉快!

各位游客大家好，今日就由我来带领咱们一起旅游这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望大家在这里度过一段美好的时光。

我们现在前往的是颐和园，运用这一段时间，我向大家简略的介绍一下颐和园的历史以及现在的情况。

最早在辽金年代的时期，皇帝就已经开始在北京修建皇家园林了。当时在今日的万寿山昆明湖一带修建了金山行宫，将这儿称为金山、金山泊。到了元朝，有将这改名为翁山、翁山泊。而明代前期则改称西湖并修建了园静寺，命名为好山园。到了万历十六年，也即是1588年，这儿已经具有一定的园林规划，享有“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南”的称赞。可是让这儿真实变成一处皇家园林的是清代。在康熙年间就曾在此修建行宫，到了乾隆十四年到二十九年，也即是1749~1764年，就在本来的基础上修建了清漪园，扩湖，推山，将湖称为昆明湖，山叫做万寿山。并且这儿还成了闻名的三山五园之一。和中国古代的大多数皇家修建相同，这儿也没能躲过侵略者的蹂躏，在1860年，这儿被英法联军抢掠并且焚毁了。过了一些年，慈禧太后挪用了水兵经费对这儿进行了重建，并且光绪皇帝下昭将这儿改名为颐和园。可是在1920xx年的时，颐和园又再次遭到了八国联军(俄英法德意日美奥)的严重损坏。从此之后对这儿所进行的重修，由于财力缺乏，至今后山有些长时间都没有修正。到了1920xx年，按照清史的优待条件，颐和园仍然把握在逊帝溥仪手中。过了两年，这儿曾作为他的私家产业一度敞开，可是由于交通不便票价贵重等缘由，没什么人来。在1920xx年溥仪被逐出颐和园后，北洋政府将这儿正式改为对外敞开的公园。1948年12月，人民政府承受这儿后，经过综合治理，仍然坚持着其皇家园林的相貌。并且这儿还变成了世界上造景丰厚、修建会集、保管最完好的皇家园林。

咱们一行所看到的颐和园共占地290公顷，其间陆地四分之一，水面到达了四分之三。依据皇家园林建园的用途和特征，可将颐和园景区分为政治活动区，帝后日子区和风景旅游区三个。

来到了东宫门，咱们本次的旅游也就正式开端了。

在东宫门外，有一座“涵虚”、“罨秀”的牌楼。其间涵虚的意思是六合开阔，山明水秀，一应俱全。罨(yǎn)秀是有捕捉秀丽风景之意。而东宫门也是颐和园的正门。门上高悬的颐和园的匾额即是光绪皇帝的手书。颐和二字则取颐养精神、心境平缓的意思。

进入东宫门，咱们首先来到的即是颐和园的政治活动区。南侧对称摆放着南北九卿房，是清朝九卿六部值勤的地方。在往前走，便来到了仁寿门，迎面看到的这五块太湖石叫作峰虚五老，寓意长命。而在汉白玉须弥座上的这只铜制怪兽，人称麒麟，俗称四不象，是龙九子之一，标志吉利富有。在殿前还摆设有两对龙凤外型的铜香炉，在朝里活动中是用来点香，烘托气氛的。按古代礼制，龙居中，标志皇帝，凤在两边，标志皇后。而在这儿，却是龙在两边，这与清朝末年慈禧太后垂帘听政不无关系，突出了凤的位置。

咱们面前这座雄伟的建筑即是仁寿殿。其实在乾隆年间的时候，规则但凡当朝的大殿就要叫做“勤政殿”，意思是游园不要忘了勤理政务。到了颐和园的时，便将这儿改为仁寿殿，取自孔子论语中的“仁者寿”，意思是施仁政的人能够长命。如今，仁寿殿的摆设和原状是基本相同的。殿内的地平床上有九龙宝座。它后边还设有紫檀木九龙屏风，屏风以紫檀木为布局，雕有九条闹龙，中间是玻璃镜，镜面上写有226个不一样写法的寿字。在宝座邻近，还设有掌扇，角端等。其间角端是传说中异兽，实践用途其实即是香炉。而殿内两边的暖阁，是慈禧光绪还有王宫大臣歇息的地方，旁边有一幅百蝠图的缂丝工艺品，中间还有一个慈禧亲笔写的寿字，由于蝠与福同音，所以这幅工艺品也被称为百福捧寿。这个玻璃风景台屏是用翠鸟的茸毛粘制而成的，咱们能够看到，这个乾隆年间的著作尽管历经二百多年可是仍是颜色照旧。

穿过仁寿殿咱们就来到了当年光绪皇帝和慈禧太后看戏的场所——德和园，取自左传“正人听之以平其心，心平德和”，意思是听了美好的曲子，就会心绪平和，到达品德崇高的境地。德和园的大戏楼是清代三大戏楼中最大的，布局谨慎，十分的壮丽，高21米，低台宽17米，分为三层，自上而下分别是福台，禄台和寿台。在寿台地板上还有一口深井，四眼干土井。各层地板都能够开合。在敞开时，天井和地井交流，顶部有绞车牵引，能够使剧中的神仙鬼怪在舞台上天入地，寿台下面的井还能够起到声响共识的效果，使艺人声响愈加洪亮，水井还能够用于扮演龙口喷水等景象。除此之外，还设有扮戏楼，共艺人化装用的。如今咱们所看到的展现戏装，摆设慈禧的奔驰车的地方即是其时的扮戏楼。

在戏台的对面，是颐乐殿以及东西侧的廊子，这儿即是当时帝后和王宫大臣们看戏的地方。殿内正中设有金漆搪瓷百鸟朝凤宝座，是慈禧受贺时用的，凤为百鸟之王，把这个屏风放在颐乐殿，暗喻了慈禧太后的威望。当年王宫大臣看戏的廊房如今现已被开辟为颐和园文物展览室，东侧是慈禧太后的服饰以及日用品，西侧则是制造精巧的工艺品。

在中国古代，有首诗从前写到“山重水覆疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”。咱们如今来到的仁寿殿后的假山中，便能领会其间的意义。这儿运用了中国造园艺术中的抑景法。开始，这儿如同现在这样没有路能够走了，可是跟着不断的往前走，恍然大悟，在咱们前面有呈现了一碧千倾的昆明湖。

昆明湖本来是一个由泉流会聚而成的湖泊，叫西海，面积还没有如今的一半大。到了乾隆年间修建园林的时，将这儿进行了改造，形成了今日的湖泊，而这儿为何叫做昆明湖呢?这是由于在距今20xx多年的西汉时期，云南滇池有个小国叫做昆明国，汉武帝为讨伐那里，在首都长安开凿了一个仿滇池的昆明池，练习水军。乾隆皇帝依据这个典故，将西海改为昆明湖，并仿效汉武帝在这儿演习水师，这即是昆明湖称号的由来。而当时改建昆明湖所挖出的淤泥全都堆在了翁山，使本来的小土丘增高和拓展了不少，乾隆皇帝在为妈妈祝寿的时分，在山上园静寺的遗址上兴建了大回报延寿寺，并将翁山赐名万寿山，取意长命。在不远处有一个小岛上种的全都是桃柳，上边有一个亭子叫做知春亭，古人云：“竹外桃花三两只，春江水暖鸭先知”，每年春天来到的时分，这儿即是颐和园中最早报春的地方。

咱们看到这组建筑特别、环境幽雅的四合院叫做玉澜堂，出自晋代诗人陆机：“玉泉涌微澜”的诗句，这儿是光绪皇帝来颐和园是寓居的地方。已经说到了这儿了，就有必要提及一下戊戌变法。爱新觉罗·载湉是清朝的第九个皇帝，也就是慈禧的侄子，光绪皇帝。同治皇帝死了之后，慈禧太后为了能够继续掌权，所以就让四岁的载湉当皇帝，而她则再度垂帘听政。到了光绪19岁亲政今后，宫殿内保守派和维新派在政治上起了抵触。1898年，维新派代表人物康有为，梁启超，谭嗣同等人经光绪皇帝实施变法，史称“戊戌变法”，由于这次变法运动只继续了103天，就被以慈禧太后位代表的保守派所摧残，所以也叫“百日维新”。变法失利后，光绪被幽禁在了南海的瀛台岛上，每年慈禧来到颐和园，他也一起前来，住在玉澜堂。为了操控光绪的一举一动，慈禧太后命人在玉澜堂周围修筑了不少砖墙，门口还有宦官看守，此刻的玉澜堂如同一个与世隔绝的地方，不过到了如今，本来的砖墙现已基本拆除了，基本上恢复了曾经的相貌，玉澜堂东西配殿内的砖墙仍然坚持本来的姿态，作为有关变法的遗址供游人欣赏。在玉澜堂殿内有乾隆时制造的地平床，宝座，屏风，香几等等，东暖阁是光绪的早餐室，西暖阁即是睡房，殿外东侧是书房，西侧是洗手间，澡堂以及更衣的地方。殿内的御案是紫檀木布局，以沉香木为中间，做工十分精巧。围屏是用两层玻璃组成的，上边既有中国山水画，也有西洋的风景画，颜料是用天然宝石研磨而成的，至今颜色仍然美丽。前层玻璃的反面画有前景和中景，后层玻璃的正面有中景和前景，两层之间相隔一段距离，立体感极强。而殿中“复殿留景”的匾额意思即是深宫中住着圣明之君的意思。

在玉澜堂的后边即是宜芸馆，宜芸是适于藏书的地方。正殿即是光绪的皇后隆裕住的地方，西配殿从前是光绪宠爱的妃子珍妃的居处。在戊戌变法失利后，慈禧指令隆裕皇后住到石丈亭北西四所的榜首所，让珍妃住到第二所，这之后，光绪皇帝想见到自个的内助都很困难了。

出了宜芸馆，咱们就来到了乐寿堂。乐寿是出自《论语》中“智者乐，仁者寿”，意思是说，这儿是仁者智者寓居的地方。乾隆年间，这儿是乾隆妈妈纽钴禄氏住的地方，光绪年间，慈禧太后就住在这儿。

经过了水木自亲，就是乐寿堂的正门，咱们也就进入了院子。能够看到在院子中摆设了许多的东西。铜鹿、铜鹤、铜花瓶，分别借鹿、鹤、瓶的谐音，取意“六合和平”，意思是天下和平。园内还栽培有玉兰、海棠、牡丹，取意“玉堂富有”。中间的这块太湖石，由于形状像灵芝，所以叫做“青芝岫”。其实它还有个姓名叫做败家石，这是由于在明朝有自己十分喜爱石头的人叫米万钟，在房山看中了这块石头，要将它放入海淀的勺园旁边，可是由于种种不利因素，推托说耗尽财力，将它丢在了路旁边，后来，乾隆皇帝从清西陵回来京城的途中看到了这块石头，便将它运到乐寿堂。在乐寿堂殿内有以玻璃镜子为中间的紫檀木屏风，上边还镶嵌有贝雕饰物。镏金九桃大熏炉是用来燃烧檀香的，起到调理室内空气的效果。桌子上的两个青花大瓷盘是清代青花瓷的代表作，用来盛放生果供慈禧欣赏和闻香气。在殿内东西两边还有百鸟朝凤，孔雀开屏两副坐屏，都是粤绣精品。殿顶悬挂的彩色玻璃吊灯，是1920xx年从德国进口的，它是中国前期的电灯之一，发电机安装在文昌阁附近。在慈禧太后吃点心和品茶的时分，还能够欣赏鱼桌，它是以金星紫檀木坐布局，镶有玻璃台面，桌子里面还镶嵌着用宝贵资料镂空雕琢的山水人物和亭台楼阁，密封性杰出，能够养金鱼。殿内“慈晖懿祉”的匾额意思是：受母后之深恩，托母后之洪福。

乐寿堂的西跨院叫扬仁风，院子内的建筑极具江南园林特征。在园内北面的正中山坡上，有扇面形状的“扇面殿”，殿前地上运用汉白玉砌成的扇骨、山轴，整座殿堂如同一把翻开的折扇。

从这儿出来，咱们就走上了衔接万寿山与昆明湖的长廊。它东起邀月门，西止石丈亭，全长728米，共273间。由于长廊的地基是跟着万寿山地形凹凸而崎岖的，所以廊身的走向是以昆明湖北岸的曲折而改变的，在地形凹凸和变向的衔接点上，还建有四个亭子代表春夏秋冬，分别是留佳、寄澜、秋水和清遥，规划十分的奇妙。长廊是中国园林中最长的游廊，也有画廊之称。这是由于在廊中共有苏式彩绘1.4万多幅，并且很少重复。其间有关于西湖风景的546幅，是乾隆十五年缔造长廊时，命人到杭州描摹回来画上的。人物画多采用了中国古典文学名著，比方《西游记》、《三国演义》、《红楼梦》等等，所规划的内容时间跨度十分大，从三皇五帝到清朝，上下五千年，能够说的上是中国文化史的一个缩影，在1920xx年的时，这儿被《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》评为全球画廊之冠。

走出了长廊，咱们就来到了以排云点为中间的祝寿庆典区，这儿是万寿山前山最雄伟的一组建筑，构成了万寿山的中轴线。这条中轴线从临湖码头到山顶的才智海，散布有排云门、排云殿、佛香阁、众香界、才智海等主要修建。

排云殿建在乾隆年间大回报延寿寺中大雄宝殿的遗址上，是慈禧太后过生日时承受百官朝贺的地方。排云出自晋代诗人郭璞“神仙排云出，但见金银台”的诗句。在殿内，除了宝座，屏风等惯例摆设以外，还有一些烘托气氛的特别摆设，比方用中国台湾乌木雕琢的屏风，沉香木雕琢的寿字，圆镜插屏，金漆梅花树船和桦木根雕群仙祝寿。在祝寿的时候，二品以上的官员跪拜在排云门内，而三品以下者则在门外，光绪皇帝在二宫门正中跪拜，慈禧则坐在正殿内的九龙宝座上承受拜贺，可见慈禧太后当时位置之高。(“蕃厘经纬”的匾额意思是美好无边)

佛香阁、众香界和才智海是乾隆年间大回报延寿寺的一部分。

佛香阁建于乾隆二十三年，也就是1758年，在光绪十七年的时候重建，耗费了银两78万多两，是颐和园旁边花费最多的工程。它是全园建筑的中间，以8根铁梨木为支柱，支撑着41米高的三层，八面，四重檐的阁楼，艺术水准十分高，本来在这儿供奉有5米多高的金身佛像。

才智海在万寿山的最高处，建于乾隆年间，称号来自《无量寿经》中“如来才智海，身府无崖底。”意思是如来佛才智如海，佛法无边。这儿是一座用琉璃砖瓦和石料建成的两层无梁殿，本来供奉有无量寿佛，外壁上还嵌着1008尊小佛，尽管在1860年英法联军侵略的时分殿堂没有被焚毁，可是这些佛像却遭到了损坏。

好了，我的讲解就到这了，祝大家在北京玩得开心。

各位游客：

大家好！欢迎你们来到颐和园，我是你们的导游，希望我们可以一起度过一段美好的时光。我先自我介绍一下，我叫，大家可以叫我小*。

颐和园，位于北京西北郊，原是清代的皇家园林和行宫。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，占地290.8公顷，其中水面占地四分之三。清朝乾隆皇帝诗曰“何处燕山最畅怀，无双风月属昆明”来赞美昆明湖。颐和园的构思之巧妙，建筑之精致，集我国园林艺术之大成，有“皇家园林博物馆”之称。

我们现在来到的是颐和园的长廊。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，分别画着人物、风景和动植物，几千幅画，没有哪两幅是相同的。

请到这边来，这就是万寿山。看，立在半山腰上的八角宝塔形的三层建筑，那就是佛香阁，黄色的琉璃瓦还在闪闪发光呢！下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

大家小心上山。现在我们到了佛香阁了，从这里向下看，那葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的城墙。现在大家向正前方看，昆明湖静的多像一面镜子，绿的多像一块碧玉呀！游船、画舫在湖面上慢慢滑过，几乎一点痕迹都不留。大家再向东远眺，是不是隐隐约约可以望见几座城楼和城外的白塔呢？

现在我们就来到昆明湖了。大家看那座横跨湖上的石桥，桥上有十七个桥洞，所以叫十七孔桥；桥栏上的石柱有几百根，大家有兴趣的话可以数数，每根柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，栩栩如生，活灵活现。

游客们，今天我们游玩了美丽的颐和园，明天我们会再继续游览下一个景点，明天见。

各位游客你们好：

我是你门的导游，你们叫我小雪就行了。今天由我陪同大家观光游览，欢迎各位来参观颐和园。

颐和园位于北京的西北郊，前身清漪园，始建于1750年，1764年建成，面积290.8公顷，水面约占四分之三。清漪园于1860年被英法联军焚毁，1886年，慈禧挪用海军经费和其它款项重建，并于1888年改名为颐和园。192019年，颐和园又遭到八国联军严重破坏，192019年再次修复。1998年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。2019——2019年对佛香阁景区和长廊进行修复。

现在，大家请跟我来，我们来到有名的长廊。长廊东起是邀月门，西石丈亭，全长728米，共有273间，中间建有象征春、夏、秋、冬的“留佳”、“寄澜”、“秋水”、“清遥”四座八角冲檐的亭子。每间横栏杆上都有五彩的画，有画人物的、花草的、风景的，几千幅没有那两幅是相同的。长廊沿途穿花秀树，看上赏水，景随步移，美不胜收。

颐和园的万寿山也很美。这座山上有一座八角宝塔的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，那就是金碧辉煌的佛香阁。佛香阁下面一排排的是排云殿。现在我们登山万寿山，向下望，昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。

现在，我们来到昆明湖的堤岸上。堤岸上栽着数不清的垂柳。昆明湖的中心有一个小岛。走过那长长的石桥就可以到小岛上玩了，这座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。每根石柱上都雕刻着小狮子。这些狮子姿态不一，没有那两只是相同的。

各位游客朋友们，今天的游览到此结束，祝大家愉快，把游览的心情分享给您们的家人!

希望您下次再来游赏!

祝您

天天快乐!

各位游客，你们好，今天我们要游览的是闻名天下的颐和园，希望通过我的介绍，大家能满载而归，因为旅游不仅是享受，还是一次学习，现在我们出发，希望大家珍惜保护这里的环境。

首先我们来到了长廊，这条长廊很有名，请仔细观赏，看!绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。横槛上还有五彩的画。长廊共有728米，分成273间，一共有14000多幅画，是世界上最长的画廊。关于其中一幅画，还有一个动人的故事：刘备，诸葛亮，在新野大败后，移驻樊城。曹操为了报仇，亲率大军杀奔樊城。诸葛亮料定抵挡不住，便劝刘备放弃樊城，渡过汉江退住襄阳，城中百姓宁死相随刘备，于是关羽安排船只，疏导百姓渡江，百姓扶老携幼，号泣而行，刘备见此情景，心中十分悲痛。刘备到了南岸，见江北岸还有许多百姓，急令关羽催船，速去渡百姓过江，直到百姓快渡完了，才上马离去。携民渡江使刘备爱民的名声大振。下面我们就去佛香阁参观一下，佛香阁是颐和园的主体建筑，也是设计非常成功的，原来设计是一个塔，后来改为阁。接下来我们来参观一下石舫。唐太宗曾说过皇帝如船，百姓如水，水可载舟，亦可覆舟。这里修石舫，表达了封建帝王希望江山永固的愿望。看完石舫，我们又来到戏楼，这座戏楼专为慈禧太后六十大寿而建，公元1891——1895年修建，历时4年，花费了71万两银子建成的，整个戏楼结构复杂，设计巧妙，建筑宏伟，堪称戏楼一绝，是我国现存历史最久、规模最大的戏楼。颐和园的昆明湖也很美，水面占颐和园的四分之三，水面如镜，水碧如玉，十分美丽。

今天的介绍结束了，希望您再细细游赏，因为美丽的颐和园景物奇多，我说也说不尽，大家看也看不完。下面如果您有兴趣，就可以自由观赏了，但要保护颐和园的环境，谢谢大家!

Dear friends, today we are going to visit is the Summer Palace. I am the guide from today - dong guide.

Now our point is tourism, Beijings drive to the Summer Palace is about two hours!

Dear friends, do you know why called h and the Summer Palace? Now I will tell you about!

The name of the yard "and" cixi has its own meaning. Say first h word, when maintenance, is synonymous with "a" in this sense, such as "salarymen" "h god raises a gender. Say and words, the original value of harmony, coordination, and the human body if lose harmony, will get sick, so the word "and" extended to health. Choose "and" as YuanMing empress dowager cixi, visible purpose is expected to keep their body as well. Is that clear?

To get off, the Summer Palace! Dear visitors, we have been at the entrance to the Summer Palace. According to the direction of my finger now, around the hall, you can see the famous promenade!

We are now seeing this corridor of more than seven hundred meters long, divided into two hundred and seventy-three. , each cross between sill has a colorful picture, painted figures, flowers and landscape, thousands of painting is no two are the same picture? Isnt it?

Look, on both sides of the corridor is full of flowers and trees, the flowers havent xie, the flowers opened again, many varieties, right?

Now on the longevity hill, standing in front of Buddha incense looking down, most is the Summer Palace and garden scenery in fundus. Lush trees, set off the wall of the glazed tile roof and scarlet. Very beautiful!

The Summer Palace is so beautiful, I a person also said not over, now is the time of you free activity, three hours later we are to meet at the gate!

Dear visitors! The Summer Palace beautiful not beautiful? Beauty is beauty, but also a lot of fun. But we also have to go back again the beautiful scenery! Have the opportunity to come again next time!

Tourists, everybody is good, I am you the tour guide to visit the Summer Palace, my name is zhou, you can call me weeks guide! Look, has arrived.

Ok, we get off, the Summer Palace is very beautiful, there are flower, grass, a flower havent xie, another flower opened again. Now we have entered into the Summer Palace, around the hall, came to the promenade, look, the pillars of the green and red bars, the gallery has more than seven hundred meters long, divided into 273 rooms, each cross on the sill between painting the picture, thousands of painting, no two picture is the same, you believe that? The breeze is blowing from the kunming lake, let a person feel refreshed.

Now we have almost on the top of the mountain the longevity hill, three layer architecture that stands halfway up the mountain, is the Buddha incense, the palace, below is the cloud temple, kunming lake quiet like a mirror, like a piece of green jade. If you dont believe, now we go to kunming lake appreciate carefully.

Look, kunming lakes really big, has a long embankment around it, see the lake in the center of the island? After the stone bridge can play on the island. Take a closer look at the stone bridge, seventeen little tunnel, so that the marble seventeen-arch bridge which.

The beauty of the Summer Palace, I how to say also say not, please yourself slowly touring!

各位旅客们：

大家好!欢迎大家来到这古色古香的北京颐和园。我是本次的导游，我叫王荟茹，大家可以叫我王导。游览时注意要跟紧我，不要走丢了，而且不要损坏文物。希望在这几天能够玩得开心、吃得满意、住得舒服。

北京的颐和园历史悠久，美不胜收，规模宏大。而且还被列入了《世界遗产名录》。进了颐和园的大门，绕过大殿，我们就来到了有名的长廊。大家看!绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。在每一间的横槛上还有五彩的画，画有人物、花草、风景，几千幅画中没有哪两幅是相同的。

走完长廊，我们就来到了万寿山脚下。大家往高处看，一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

登上万寿山，站在佛香阁的前面向下望，颐和园的景色大半收在眼底，葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。正前面，昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫在湖面慢慢地滑过，几乎不留一点痕迹。向东远眺，隐隐约约还可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的`白塔。

颐和园的景色说也说不尽，逛也逛不完。有些景点还需要细细游赏，大家还可以在颐和园里自由地漫步游玩。

大家记住，不要随地吐痰，不要随手扔垃圾，不要损坏文物!再次祝大家玩得开心!

女生们，先生们，欢迎来到非常开心旅行社，我是你们的导游于圣平，大家可以叫我于导。现在我们在去颐和园的路上。颐和园是中国清朝时期的皇家园林，是慈禧太后消夏避暑的地方，曾经遭到八国联军的破坏，后来重新修缮，它被列入世界遗产名录，举世无双。

现在我们已经到了有名的长廊，长廊全场七百多米，分为273间，每间上面都有五彩的画，你们猜猜这一共有多少幅画?告诉你们吧，有几千幅画，画的有花、草、人物，栩栩如生，不过这些画没哪两幅是相同的。

在长廊的两边你会发现很多花草，品种很多，往往这一种花还没谢那一种花又开了，这么美丽的景象不愧是个美丽的大花园。

走过长廊就来到了万寿山脚下。黄色的琉璃瓦的佛香阁耸立在崇山峻岭之上，我们可以沿着石梯登上万寿山，大家站在上面可以看到颐和园的大半景象。

万寿山脚下面对的就是昆明湖。昆明湖静得像一面镜子，大家可以坐着游船和画舫在水面滑过，水面上就会漾出一条条波纹。

再往前走，出现在咱们面前的就是各式各样的石林，有一座桥叫十七孔桥，桥上有着几百根石柱，上面雕刻着许多小狮子，它们千姿百态，各个都那么上镜头。注意哦，大家不可以在上面乱画，这样会损坏历史文物。

好了，我的介绍就到此为止，下面大家可以自由活动，一小时后在十七孔桥上集合。

各位游客：

你们好!我叫陈乐怡，是这次你们玩颐和园的导游，你们可以叫我陈导游，我很荣幸能陪你们去北京的颐和园，如果你们有麻烦，尽管提出来，我一定会尽力的。

在还没到之前，我先大概说一下颐和园的门，就来到长廊的柱子是绿色的，栏杆是红色的，每一间的横槛上都画着画，走完长廊来到下面，万寿山上面有一座宝塔就是佛香阁。万寿山下面左边是昆明湖~~~~~~过了15分钟后，颐和园到了。

我带着游客来到了长廊，我说“：这长廊非常长，一共有700多米长，分成273间。长廊横槛上的画也很多，有画人物、花、风景，这么多的画没有哪2幅是一样的。

大家好!我是你们是导游，我叫。接下来我带你们来参观颐和园。这里以前还是皇帝住在的呢!请大家不要乱扔垃圾，请扔到相应的地方。

颐和园有看也看不完是画。有着名的长廊，一眼望不到头。有一座八角宝塔的三屋建筑。还有有十七孔的桥叫十七孔桥……

现在大家进了颐和园的大门绕过了大殿，就来到了远近闻名的长廊了。看，颐和园的柱子是绿的，栏杆是红的。看起来多么顺眼登上万。你看横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物，花草，风景。几千幅没有那两幅是相同的。

我们一起寿山，大家站在佛香阁的前面向下望，颐和园的景色大半都收在眼底。有葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。我们向前望。昆明湖静得像一面镜子，又绿得像一块无暇的碧玉。

我们的旅游到此景色结束。祝愿大家旅途愉快!如果还想去看西安的秦兵马俑，一定要找我哦!

亲爱的朋友们，大家好!我是颐和园旅游社的导游，我叫叶章丽，你们可以叫我叶导。这一次，由我带领大家参观颐和园，请多多关照。

走进大门，绕过大殿，就来到了有名的长廊。这条长廊有7百多米长，分成273间。看!这每一间的横涧上画着人物、花草、风景，在这几千幅画中，没有那两幅是相同的。

穿过长廊，我们就来到万寿山脚下，大家抬头看一看，在半山腰间耸立着一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物，那黄色的玻璃瓦闪闪发光，大家猜猜它是什么?没错!那就是佛香阁。它的下面就是排云殿。

我们登上万寿山，站在佛香阁前鸟瞰颐和园，它的景色大半收在眼底。瞧!那郁郁葱葱的树木掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。

各位游客，大家好!我是可可旅行社的导游——周可儿。很高兴和大家一起参观颐和园的美景。颐和园位于北京西北郊，占在290万平方米，由万寿山和昆明湖两大部分组成，是世界上建筑规模最大，保存最完整的皇家御苑。素以人工建筑和自然山水巧妙结合的造园著称，被中外誉为东方古典皇家园林博物馆。

大家请随我来，首先看到的是仁寿殿，接着就去玉澜堂和德和园。大家请看，我现在指的地方就是有名的长廊，它可不是一般的长廊，它是东西走向，全长有700多米，分成273间，每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。难怪它会被称为“世界第一廊”。我们走完长廊，就来到了闻名遐迩的万寿山脚下。看!一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上。黄色的琉璃闪闪发光。那就是古香古色的佛香阁。

登上万寿山，可以看到颐和园的全部风景。从这里看，整个颐和园真可谓无比壮观。葱葱郁郁的树林掩映着黄的、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。从万寿山上往下看，那碧波荡漾的昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。昆明湖上有一座桥，大家快随我看看这美丽的石桥吧!它有17个孔，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根柱子，柱子上都雕刻着姿态不一的小狮子。这么多的狮子没有哪两只是相同的。

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现在已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待中外游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。大家听了我的介绍，也心动了吧!心动不如行动!现在开始浏览吧!

评语：这是一篇写景作文，作者描写了颐和园的景色。作者角度新颖，以导游的身份对颐和园进行了介绍，别具匠心。作者按照空间顺序来写，结构思路清晰，结尾处收笔自然，令人向往。

尊敬的各位游客：

今天我们来参观颐和园。颐和园是清代的皇家园林和行宫，已被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，请大家在游览时不要乱扔垃圾，破坏颐和园的环境。因为颐和园游客较多，请大家不要单独行动以防走失。

我们首先来参观颐和园的长廊。这条长廊是中国古典园林中最长的一条。它位于万寿山南坡与昆明湖之间的狭长地带，它全长723米，分273间，每一间的横栏上都绘有彩画，共有14000余幅，没有任何两幅是相同的。有人会想，那么多画，它是怎么来的呢?这里面还有一个小故事，我来给大家讲一讲。有一年，乾隆和他的母亲来游赏颐和园，因为乾隆的母亲喜欢听故事，在游览颐和园长廊时一边游览，一边让宫女给她讲故事，宫女们怕忘了故事的内容，宫女们就把内容画在横栏上，提示自己，所有才有了今天横栏上的彩画。

我们现在在万寿山的脚下。大家向上看，那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物就是佛香阁。佛香阁高41米，修筑在20米高的地基上，内有八根坚固的铁梨森巨柱支撑，结构复杂，气势磅礴。下面一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

现在，我们来到了东岸，向远处看，那里有个小岛，小岛的名字叫南湖岛，连接它们的正是举世闻名的十七孔桥。十七孔桥建于公元1736年，桥由17个孔券组成，所以叫十七孔桥。十七孔桥桥长150米，横跨东岸和南湖岛，状若长虹卧波。桥上的石雕极其精美，每个桥栏上都雕有神态各异的狮子，大小共544个，这些狮子没有哪两只是相同的，不亚于卢沟桥的狮子。

颐和园的美丽景色说也说不完，希望大家有机会细细游赏。

评语:语言生动、表述清楚 ◆导游的引导词设计精当，真正起到了引领参观的作用。 再加上丰富翔实的资料，使人有身临其境的感觉尤其是最后一段，更突显了导游的身份和作用。

大家好!我是欢乐旅行社的实习导游，我姓李，大家可以叫我李导。今天，由我来带领大家游览颐和园，请大家多多关照，希望大家能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。颐和园到了，大家请随我下车。

进了大门，绕过大殿，现在的位置就是着名的长廊。你们看，这绿漆的柱子、红漆的栏杆，是一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七八百多米长，分为二百七十三间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、风景、花草，几千幅画没有哪两幅画相同。长廊两旁栽的花木，一种花还没有谢，另一种花就已经开了。微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，大家感觉到了吗?

大家听说过关于铜牛的传说吗?

相传，在清朝光绪年间，慈禧太后为了个人享乐，挪用建立海军的几百万两白银修了颐和园。她传下旨令：颐和园要修成“天上人间”。佛香阁象征天宫，昆明湖好比天河，八方亭和龙王庙一带便是人间了。既然有天河，当然还要有牛郎和织女。於是，在八方亭下面的昆明湖边安置了一头铜牛，以象征牛郎;在石舫的旁边又建了一座织女亭。铜牛身体朝东，而头扭向西北，正冲着织女亭方向。这样，以昆明湖为界，形成了左有“牛郎”，右有“织女”的格局。从此，这头铜牛就这样朝朝暮暮遥望着“织女”，却不得相聚。

有一年的七月初七，也就是天上的牛郎与织女相会的日子，这头铜牛突然活了。它离开了原来的位置，一步一步走到湖里，向着织女亭的方向游去。怎奈昆明湖太大了，铜牛游到一半便沉了下去。人们赶忙禀报太后慈禧。慈禧开始不信，亲自到十七孔桥一看：铜牛果然不见了，怎么办?“天河”边不能没有牛郎啊!慈禧下令仿照过去的铜牛赶制一只，放在原来的地方。防它再跑，就用铁链拴住。

到了第二年七月七，铜牛又动起来，眼看铁链子也拴不住了，慈禧忙派手下几个保镖的壮汉将它拉住。几个壮汉用尽全身力气拼命拽着“牛”尾巴，由於用力过猛，“咔嚓”一声，尾巴断了。幸好这时有人拿来了更粗的铁链，七手八脚最后总算将铜牛锁住了。从此，昆明湖边便留下了一只断了尾巴的铜牛。

大家今天玩得开心吗?通过我的讲解，你们是不是对颐和园有了一定的了解呢?希望下次你们还来找我当你们的导游。再见!

各位游客朋友们，大家好！我是你们的导游，我姓赵，叫赵缘，大家可以叫我小赵。

今天我们游览的景点是颐和园。颐和园是清代皇家园林，始建于1750年，曾两次遭到英法联军和八国联军的抢掠和破坏，但在新中国成立后得到了很好的修缮和保护。“颐和”是颐养天年、身体健康的意思。当年，慈禧太后选用“颐和”这个园名，是盼望能够养好自己的身体。

各位游客，颐和园最有名的就是长廊。看，绿色的柱子，红色的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成了273间，每一间的横槛上都画着美丽的图。但在上千幅图画中，没有哪两幅是相同的。长廊旁的风景优美，栽满了花木，一种花没谢，另一种花就开了。

我们现在已经来到了万寿山脚下。好，现在抬头，大家看到那座八角宝塔形的三层建筑了吗？那就是佛香阁。下面那一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

各位游客，我们现在正在万寿山上。向下望，颐和园的大半景色尽收眼底。郁郁葱葱的树丛，掩映着黄的、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红色的宫墙。正前面，是昆明湖。湖上的游船、画舫在湖面上滑过。向东眺望，隐隐约约地可以望见几座古城和城里的白塔。

从万寿山下来，就是昆明湖了。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤上有好几座式样不同的石桥，两岸栽着许许多多的垂柳，风光美丽极了！湖中心有个小岛，远远望去，岛上一片葱绿。我们可以从石桥上走过，去小岛游玩。

好了，现在我们已经来到石桥上了。这座桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻着小狮子。这么多狮子，没有两只是一样的。

各位游客，今天的旅途到此结束，相信这次旅行一定能为你们留下美好的回忆。

各位游客朋友：

大家好！

欢迎来到颐和园，颐和园是个美丽的大公园，那里有很多美丽的景色，能让您大开眼界，使你留连忘返。别光说了，我这就带大家去游览一下吧！

进了大门就来到大殿，参观了大殿一眼就能看见那条有名的长廊。绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都画着五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，完几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。走长廊，就来到万寿山脚下。抬头一看，一座三角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光。那就是佛香阁。登万寿山从上往下望，颐和园的景色大半收在眼底。葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。从万寿山下来，就是昆明湖。昆明湖上有一座石桥，那座石桥通往一个小岛。那座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥，桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻着小狮子。这么多狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的！

游客们这次旅行就到这儿了，拜拜！

颐和园英文导游词

good morning ladies and gentlemen:

my name is . i’m very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace. the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden existing in chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.

the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘three hills and five gardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples. in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the ‘three hills and five gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.

in 1888, the empress dowager cixi spent the navy fund having the garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace).

in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again in 1902.

in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.

ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway. it is called “emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back side mean collection of excellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the east palace gate)

now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. it’s the main entrance of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with three chinese characters ‘the summer palace’ in emperor guangxu’s handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old days.

(inside the east palace gate)

now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second gate of the summer palace— the gate of benevolence and longevity. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention please? let’s look at the map together, from it we can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the summer palace. please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the north gate.

ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.

(inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)

passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.

the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds. suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox and the tail of lion.

(in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)

this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘lun yu’ by confucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.” this hall was the place where emperor guangxu and empress dowager cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. so i would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese characters of the word ‘longevity’ written in different styles. there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese character ‘longevity’ written on it. it was said that the word ‘longevity’ written by empress dowager cixi. there are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. they were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty when empress dowager cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with bejing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater building was known as the ‘cradle of beijing opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each level has the entrance and the exit. there are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage is open to three sides.

well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the grand theater building, it’s the hall of pleasure smile. the empress dowager cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the peking opera.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolence and longevity. it appears that there’s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese

gardening.

now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. it’s called the spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the name ‘heralding sping pavilion’.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of jade ripples. the words “jade ripples” came from a verse “gentle ripples gushing out of jade spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor guangxu was put under house arrest.

this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guangxu was emperor dowager cixi’s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. after emperor guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. it was called the ‘hundred-day reform’. after the reform failed, emperor guangxu was put under house arrest here. for the strict control of him, empress dowager cixi ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room still maintain its original appearance. it is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.

(in front of the chamber of collecting books)

this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, it’s called “yi yun guang”. “yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.in the emperor qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there used to be the residence of guangxu’s empress longyu, and his favorite concubine zhenfei.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of empress dowager cixi. the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named “qing zhi xiu” and nicknamed as “family bankruptcy rock”. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden “shaoyuan”. in the old days, transporting such rock was very difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near liangxiang county, 30 kilometers southwest of beijing. hence it was nicknamed “family bancruptcy rock”. later emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest electric lights in china.

(in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)

ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palace—the long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness book of world records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the world’. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the long corridor first!

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion, clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient chinese classical literature, such as ‘pilgrimage to the west’, ‘the romance of the three kingdoms’, ‘the western chamber’, “water margin’, and ‘the dream of the red mansion’.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the central axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds, hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace. this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15 minutes.

now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the next scene we are going to visit is marble boat.

look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built, empress dowager cixi enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.

this is the famous marble boat. a famous scientist of china’s eastern han dynasty once said, “water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” a prime minister of tang dynasty wei zheng once used these words to persuade li shimin, the emperor of the tang dynasty. he said people are water and the emperor is the boat. people can support a good emperor. however, they also can overthrow the dynasty. emperor qianlong built this huge boat in the garden in order to make the allusion concrete. on one hand, emperor qianlong encouraged himself to run the country well. on the other hand, he wanted to show that his rule of the qing dynasty was as firm as the marble boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. the marble boat was the place for emperor qianlong to sample tea and enjoy the scenery of kunming lake. emperor qianlong once came here to engage in the freeing of captive animals. in the times of qianlong, the marble boat was a chinese styled stone boat with a chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. when it was rebuilt in the times of guangxu, a foreign and chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each side. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. a big mirror was installed on the superstructure for viewing rain.

our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the marble boat. today we only visited the major scenic spots of the summer palace. i have left other spots of interest for your next visit. i will now show you out through the ruyi gate. our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. i do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. thank you.